WO2022224489A1 - 試料観察装置及び試料観察方法 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a sample observation device and a sample observation method.
- Examples of conventional sample observation devices include fluorescence observation microscopes.
- a fluorescence observation microscope a dye that selectively chemically bonds to a target in a sample is injected, and fluorescence from the target is observed by irradiation with excitation light.
- fluorescence microscopy if the sample is a living organism, invasiveness must be taken into consideration. For example, it is necessary to give sufficient consideration to the safety of dyes to living organisms and the handling of excitation light in the visible region, which has relatively high energy.
- nonlinear optical microscopes based on phenomena such as multiphoton excitation and high-order harmonic generation have attracted attention.
- a nonlinear optical microscope uses, for example, near-infrared light with a wavelength of about 700 nm to 1700 nm. Since near-infrared light has lower energy than visible light, it is relatively less invasive in nonlinear optical microscopy. Also, multiphoton excitation and higher harmonic generation can occur without staining. Non-linear microscopy is also less invasive in that it does not require staining of the sample.
- Microscopes that have the ability to identify multiple different targets by discriminating optical responses based on multiple observation modalities, such as multiphoton excitation and high-order harmonic generation, are referred to as multimodal microscopes.
- non-patent documents 1 and 2 describe techniques related to nonlinear optical microscopes.
- imaging is performed while changing the wavelength of light irradiated to the sample, a portion where only a single target emits light is extracted from the image of the sample, and separation is performed based on the excitation spectrum of the extracted portion. are processing.
- Non-Patent Document 2 the orientation direction of collagen in the tail of a mouse is observed by modulating the polarization of light applied to a sample for each pulse.
- the major premise is to use ultrashort pulsed light instead of ordinary laser light so that multiple photons are absorbed simultaneously by the target.
- the development of light sources that generate ultrashort pulsed light has progressed.
- not using dyed targets increases the difficulty of constructing the apparatus.
- conventional multimodal observation uses pulsed light with a wide range of wavelengths corresponding to multiple different observation methods, so it is necessary to incorporate multiple light sources into the device according to the number of observation methods.
- wavelength separation elements such as dichroic mirrors and photodetectors
- the typical multimodal viewing device is difficult for the user to handle due to the complexity of the optical system.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a sample observation method and a sample observation device that can perform multimodal observation of a sample with a simple optical system.
- a sample observation apparatus includes a light source unit that outputs a pulse train as excitation light in which a plurality of pulsed lights having different center wavelengths are arranged at predetermined time intervals, and a pulse train that scans the sample with the excitation light. Based on the excitation spectrum of each target contained in the sample, the measurement unit performs time-resolved measurement of the optical response from the sample in response to the irradiation of each pulsed light contained in the sample, and acquires measurement data for each pulsed light. and a processing unit that performs linear separation processing on the measurement data for the light.
- This sample observation device forms a pulse train in which a plurality of pulsed lights with different central wavelengths are arranged at predetermined time intervals. By applying each central wavelength of a plurality of pulsed lights to each observation method, it becomes unnecessary to arrange a plurality of light sources according to the number of observation methods.
- this sample observation apparatus performs time-resolved measurement of the optical response from the sample in response to the irradiation of each pulsed light, and linearly separates the measured data for each pulsed light based on the excitation spectrum of each target contained in the sample. are applied. This eliminates the need to arrange wavelength separation elements and photodetectors corresponding to the number of observation methods. In addition, by using linear separation processing, it is possible in principle to avoid crosstalk between observation images obtained for each target. Therefore, with this sample observation apparatus, multimodal observation of a sample can be performed with a simple optical system.
- the light source unit may generate a pulse train by modulating the central wavelength of pulsed light generated from a single light source according to time. This makes it possible to further simplify the optical system.
- a pulse train may be generated using soliton self-frequency shift in which the output wavelength changes according to the input intensity.
- a fiber laser can be used to easily perform temporal modulation for each wavelength of pulsed light. Therefore, simplification of the apparatus is achieved.
- the processing unit prestores an excitation spectrum of a region in which only a specific target emits light with respect to a plurality of pulsed lights included in the pulse train in the sample, and performs linear separation processing on the measurement data for each pulsed light based on the excitation spectrum. may be applied.
- the accuracy of the linear separation process can be sufficiently ensured by pre-holding the excitation spectrum obtained from the sample equivalent to the actual sample. Therefore, it is possible to more preferably avoid crosstalk between the obtained measurement data.
- the sample observation device may further include an image generator that generates an observation image of a specific target based on the measurement data that has undergone linear separation processing. As a result, an observed image of each target can be obtained while suppressing crosstalk.
- the image generator may generate a superimposed image in which observation images related to a specific target are superimposed.
- the observation results for each target are combined into one image, the convenience of analyzing the observation results can be improved. It is also possible to deal with phenomena that can be observed through a plurality of observation methods.
- the measurement unit may have a multi-channel detection unit that performs time-resolved measurement of light from the sample. According to this configuration, even when the number of wavelengths of pulsed light contained in the excitation light is smaller than the number of targets of the sample, multimodal observation of the sample can be performed.
- a sample observation method includes an output step of outputting, as excitation light, a pulse train in which a plurality of pulsed lights having different center wavelengths are arranged at predetermined time intervals; time-resolved measurement of the optical response from the sample in response to the irradiation of each pulsed light contained in the measurement step of acquiring measurement data for each pulsed light, and based on the excitation spectrum of each target contained in the sample, each pulse and a processing step of performing linear separation processing on the measurement data for the light.
- a pulse train is formed in which a plurality of pulsed lights with different central wavelengths are arranged at predetermined time intervals.
- each central wavelength of a plurality of pulsed lights By applying each central wavelength of a plurality of pulsed lights to each observation method, it becomes unnecessary to arrange a plurality of light sources according to the number of observation methods.
- the optical response from the sample in response to the irradiation of each pulsed light is time-resolved, and the measurement data for each pulsed light is linearly separated based on the excitation spectrum of each target contained in the sample. are applied. This eliminates the need to arrange wavelength separation elements and photodetectors corresponding to the number of observation methods.
- linear separation processing it is possible in principle to avoid crosstalk between observation images obtained for each target. Therefore, in this sample observation method, multimodal observation of the sample can be performed with a simple optical system.
- the pulse train may be generated by modulating the central wavelength of pulsed light generated from a single light source according to time. This makes it possible to further simplify the optical system.
- a pulse train may be generated using soliton self-frequency shift, in which the output wavelength changes according to the input intensity.
- a fiber laser can be used to easily perform temporal modulation for each wavelength of pulsed light.
- an excitation spectrum of a region in which only a specific target emits light with respect to a plurality of pulsed lights included in the pulse train in the sample is stored in advance, and linear separation processing is performed on the measurement data for each pulsed light based on the excitation spectrum.
- linear separation processing is performed on the measurement data for each pulsed light based on the excitation spectrum.
- the sample observation method may further include an image generation step of generating an observation image of a specific target based on the measurement data subjected to linear separation processing. As a result, an observed image of each target can be obtained while suppressing crosstalk.
- a superimposed image may be generated by superimposing observation images related to a specific target.
- the observation results for each target are combined into one image, the convenience of analyzing the observation results can be improved. It is also possible to deal with phenomena that can be observed through a plurality of observation methods.
- the time-resolved measurement of the optical response from the sample may be performed by multi-channel detection. According to this configuration, even when the number of wavelengths of pulsed light contained in the excitation light is smaller than the number of targets of the sample, multimodal observation of the sample can be performed.
- multimodal observation of a sample can be performed with a simple optical system.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a sample observation device
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of temporal modulation of pulsed light by a modulating section
- 4 is a timing chart of acquisition of response light in a general microscope system
- 4 is a timing chart of acquisition of response light in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of an excitation spectrum. It is a figure which shows an example of the simultaneous equations used by a linear separation process.
- (a) is a diagram showing an observed image for each pulsed light, and
- (b) is a diagram showing its superimposed image.
- 4 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of a sample observation method
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a modification of the sample observation device; It is a figure which shows an example of an excitation spectrum and an emission spectrum. It is a figure which shows an example of the simultaneous equations used by a linear separation process.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of the sample observation device.
- This sample observation apparatus 1 is configured as an apparatus for realizing multimodal observation of a sample S. As shown in FIG.
- the sample observation apparatus 1 may constitute a microscope system by itself, or may be unitized so as to be attachable to an existing microscope.
- Multimodal observation is an observation method that combines multiple different observation modalities.
- multimodal observation for example, near-infrared light with a wavelength of about 700 nm to 1700 nm is used.
- Multimodal observation can eliminate the use of dyes to generate fluorescence.
- near-infrared light with relatively low energy can be used. Therefore, particularly when the sample S is a living body, it is possible to ensure high non-invasiveness.
- Multiphoton excitation fluorescence is a method of emitting fluorescence by exciting a target in the sample S to a high energy state with multiple photons.
- multiphoton-excited fluorescence such as two-photon-excited fluorescence and three-photon-excited fluorescence. These can be applied to observation of the autofluorescence of the sample S, for example.
- Typical targets of multiphoton-excited fluorescence include, for example, proteins such as keratin and FAD, lipids such as vitamin A, and enzymes such as NAD(P)H.
- High-order harmonics is a method of converting multiple photons into a single photon under certain conditions to emit light without actual excitation such as multiphoton excitation fluorescence.
- the target emits light of a wavelength different from the wavelength of the incident light under the action of the incident light.
- the second harmonic can be applied to observation of microstructures, for example.
- Typical targets of the second harmonic include, for example, proteins such as collagen, nucleic acids such as DNA, and lipids such as cholesterol.
- the third harmonic can be applied, for example, to observation of interfaces between layers having different refractive indices.
- Representative targets of the third harmonic include, for example, proteins such as blood cells and mitochondria, and inorganic substances such as enamel.
- the sample observation device 1 includes a light source section 2, a measurement section 3, and a control section 4, as shown in FIG.
- the light source section 2 has a laser light source 11 and a modulation section 12 .
- the laser light source 11 is a light source that emits near-infrared ultrashort pulse light in the femtosecond range or the picosecond range.
- the laser light source 11 is composed of, for example, a titanium sapphire laser, a Yb:YAG laser, a Yb fiber laser, an Er fiber laser, a Tm fiber laser, or the like.
- the modulation section 12 is a section that modulates the center wavelength of the pulsed light L from the single laser light source 11 according to time.
- the modulation unit 12 outputs a pulse train Lc in which a plurality of pulsed lights L with different central wavelengths are arranged at predetermined time intervals as the pumping light Le.
- a pulse train Lc is generated in which four pulsed lights L with center wavelengths ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 are arranged at predetermined time intervals. Light containing this pulse train Lc is output from the modulation section 12 as the pumping light Le.
- the modulating section 12 may generate the pulse train Lc by using soliton self-frequency shift in which the output wavelength changes according to the input intensity, for example.
- the modulation section 12 can be configured by, for example, a combination of an acousto-optic modulator and a photonic crystal fiber.
- a soliton self-frequency shift can be generated by propagating the pulse train Lc whose intensity is modulated at high speed by the acousto-optic modulator through the photonic crystal fiber.
- the modulation section 12 may be configured by a combination of a pulse shaper and a photonic crystal fiber. In this case, a soliton self-frequency shift can be generated by propagating a multi-pulse intensity-modulated by a pulse shaper through a photonic crystal fiber.
- pulsed lights L with a wavelength of ⁇ 0 are modulated into four different intensities by an acousto-optic modulator.
- a pulse train Lc is generated in which four pulse lights L are arranged in order at times t 1 , t 2 , t 3 and t 4 .
- the intensity gradually decreases in order from the earlier pulse light L in terms of time. Propagating these pulsed lights L through the photonic crystal fiber 14 causes a soliton self-frequency shift.
- the measurement unit 3 has a scanning unit 15, a collimator lens 16, an objective lens 17, a detection unit 18, and a data acquisition unit 19.
- the scanning unit 15 is a part that two-dimensionally scans the sample S with the excitation light Le.
- the scanning unit 15 is composed of, for example, a pair of galvanomirrors 20A and 20B.
- the galvanometer mirror 20A scans the sample S with the excitation light Le in the x direction
- the galvanometer mirror 20B scans the sample S with the excitation light Le in the y direction.
- the elements constituting the scanning unit 15 are not limited to galvanomirrors, and may be other elements such as MEMS mirrors.
- the scanning section 15 may be configured by other means such as an acousto-optic deflector or an xy stage.
- the excitation light Le that has passed through the scanning unit 15 is collimated by the collimator lens 16, then condensed by the objective lens 17, and the sample S is irradiated with the light.
- the sample S From the sample S, light (hereinafter referred to as "response light Lr") corresponding to irradiation with each pulsed light L included in the pulse train of the excitation light Le is generated.
- response light Lr light (hereinafter referred to as "response light Lr") corresponding to irradiation with each pulsed light L included in the pulse train of the excitation light Le is generated.
- four response lights I 1 , I 2 , I 3 , and I 4 are generated in response to irradiation with four pulsed lights L.
- FIG. A filter (not shown) that cuts the excitation light Le and allows the response light Lr to pass is preferably arranged on the optical path between the sample S and the detection unit 18 .
- the detection section 18 is a section that performs time-resolved measurement of the response light from the sample S in response to the irradiation of each pulsed light L included in the pulse train.
- the detector 18 is configured by, for example, a photomultiplier tube.
- the detector 18 is composed of a device capable of time-resolved measurement, such as a photomultiplier tube, MPPC (Multi pixel photon counter), photodiode, and avalanche photodiode.
- the detection unit 18 is configured by a single-channel photomultiplier tube.
- the detection unit 18 outputs a signal corresponding to the response light Lr to the data acquisition unit 19 .
- the data acquisition unit 19 is a part that acquires measurement data for each pulsed light L included in the excitation light Le.
- the data acquisition unit 19 is composed of, for example, an oscilloscope, a PCI board, and the like.
- the data acquisition unit 19 digitizes the signal output from the detection unit 18 to generate measurement data, and outputs the measurement data to the control unit 4 .
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart of response light acquisition in a general microscope system.
- pulsed light which is excitation light
- the x-direction and y-direction scanning of the excitation light over the sample is performed at a sufficiently slow frequency relative to the repetition frequency of the pulsed light.
- the measurement data of the response light are acquired at each coordinate on the xy plane and reconstructed as an observed image.
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart of acquisition of response light in the sample observation apparatus according to this embodiment.
- the sample observation apparatus 1 four pulsed lights L with central wavelengths ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 are arranged in order at times t 1 , t 2 , t 3 and t 4 .
- the excitation light Le is incident on the sample S. Scanning of the sample S with the excitation light Le in the x and y directions is the same as in FIG.
- the measurement data of the response light are time-resolved and acquired at different timings of t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , and t 4 at each coordinate on the xy plane, and reconstructed as an observed image.
- the control unit 4 is a computer system physically comprising memories such as RAM and ROM, a processor (arithmetic circuit) such as a CPU, a storage unit such as a communication interface, a hard disk, and a display unit such as a display. . Examples of computer systems include personal computers, cloud servers, and smart devices (smartphones, tablet terminals, etc.).
- the control unit 4 may be configured by a PLC (programmable logic controller), or may be configured by an integrated circuit such as an FPGA (Field-programmable gate array).
- the control unit 4 has a drive control unit 21, a processing unit 22, a storage unit 23, and an image generation unit 24 as functional components.
- the drive control section 21 is a section that controls the operation of the sample observation apparatus 1 .
- the drive control unit 21 controls each operation of the laser light source 11 , the modulation unit 12 , and the scanning unit 15 according to user's operation input by an operation unit (not shown).
- the processing unit 22 is a part that performs linear separation processing on the measurement data for each pulse light L based on the excitation spectrum of each target contained in the sample S.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an excitation spectrum. As shown in FIG. 5, the excitation spectrum is a spectrum obtained by measuring the intensity of the response light from each target while changing the wavelength of the excitation light. On the other hand, the spectrum obtained when the response light from each target is measured with a spectroscope is called an emission spectrum (see FIG. 10).
- excitation spectra of g R , g G and g B are illustrated.
- data on these excitation spectra g R , g G , and g B are stored in advance in the storage unit 23 .
- the excitation spectra g R , g G , and g B are measured in advance for a region (seed region) where only a specific target emits light with respect to a plurality of pulsed lights L included in the pulse train of the excitation light Le in the sample S. It was obtained by
- the excitation spectrum may be obtained by measuring the wavelength dependence of the response light Lr with respect to the excitation light Le in advance using an In Vitro sample, or by referring to existing data for each target. good.
- Linear separation processing of measured data based on excitation spectra g R , g G , and g B is performed using simultaneous equations (1) to (4) shown in FIG.
- Information used in this linear separation processing is the excitation spectra g R , g G , g B and the wavelengths ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 of the pulse light L contained in the excitation light Le.
- 2 in the formula is the intensity of each pulse light L contained in the excitation light Le.
- the number of wavelengths of the pulsed light L matches the number of simultaneous equations.
- the processing unit 22 outputs the measurement data subjected to the linear separation processing to the image generation unit 24 .
- the image generator 24 is a part that generates an observed image of each target from the response light derived from each target obtained as a result of the linear separation processing. As shown in FIG. 7A, the image generator 24 converts the values of the response lights I R , I G , and I B originating from each target obtained as a result of the linear separation processing for each coordinate on the xy plane into a two-dimensional plane. By arranging them above, observation images G R , G G , G B for each target are generated. In this embodiment, the image generator 24 generates a superimposed image Gs in which observation images G R , G G , and G B of each target are superimposed, as shown in FIG. 7B. The image generation unit 24 outputs all or part of the generated observation images GR , GG , GB and the superimposed image Gs to the display unit 25 . The display unit 25 displays observation results of the sample S by all or some of the plurality of observation methods.
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing one embodiment of the sample observation method.
- the sample observation method comprises an output step (step S01), a measurement step (step S02), a processing step (step S03), and an image generation step (step S04).
- the center wavelength of the pulsed light L from a single light source is modulated according to time, and a pulse train Lc in which a plurality of pulsed lights L with different center wavelengths are arranged at predetermined time intervals is output as the excitation light Le. .
- ultrashort pulsed light output from the laser light source 11 at a predetermined repetition frequency is modulated using soliton self-frequency shift (see FIG. 2).
- Soliton self-frequency shifting produces a pulse train whose output wavelength varies with input intensity.
- a pulse train Lc in which four pulse lights L having center wavelengths ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 are arranged in order at times t 1 , t 2 , t 3 and t 4 is output as the excitation light Le. be.
- the measurement step S02 while scanning the sample S with the excitation light Le, the response lights I 1 , I 2 , I 3 , and I 4 from the sample S corresponding to the irradiation of each pulsed light L included in the pulse train are measured over time. Decomposition measurement is performed, and measurement data for each pulsed light L is acquired. In the subsequent processing step S03, based on the excitation spectrum of each target contained in the sample S, the measurement data for each pulsed light L is subjected to linear separation processing.
- processing step S03 for example, an excitation spectrum of a region in which only a specific target emits light with respect to a plurality of pulsed lights L included in a pulse train in the sample S is stored in advance, and measurement data for each pulsed light L is obtained based on the excitation spectrum. is subjected to linear separation processing. As a result, the response lights I R , I G and I B originating from the respective targets are separated from the measurement data of the response lights I 1 , I 2 , I 3 and I 4 .
- the values of the response lights I R , I G , and I B originating from each target obtained as a result of the linear separation processing for each coordinate of the xy plane are arranged on a two-dimensional plane, and an observed image of each target is generated.
- a superimposed image Gs is generated by superimposing the observation images GR , GG , and GB regarding each target. After that, all or part of the generated observation images GR , GG , GB and the superimposed image Gs are output to the display unit 25, and each target of the sample S is observed.
- the sample observation apparatus 1 forms the pulse train Lc in which a plurality of pulsed lights L with different central wavelengths are arranged at predetermined time intervals.
- the sample observation apparatus 1 performs time-resolved measurement of the light from the sample S corresponding to the irradiation of each pulsed light L, and based on the excitation spectrum of each target included in the sample S, the measurement data for each pulsed light L is obtained.
- Linear separation processing is applied. This eliminates the need to arrange wavelength separation elements and photodetectors corresponding to the number of observation methods.
- the central wavelengths are ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 .
- the pulsed light L of ⁇ 4 it is possible to observe the sample S by four kinds of observation methods.
- the response light beams I R , I G , and I B from each target are processed by linear separation processing, so there is no limitation on observation objects. This is an essential advantage in label-free microscope systems in which the target emission spectrum cannot be controlled by staining.
- the linear separation process is a relatively simple process, and can obtain the observed images GR , GG , GB and the superimposed image Gs almost in real time according to the acquisition of the measurement data.
- Real-time measurement is important for multimodal observation.
- it is difficult to observe events such as extravasation of leukocytes in blood vessel branches adjacent to tumors. Such events can only be grasped by performing real-time observation of the sample using a plurality of observation methods, and demonstrate the high usefulness of the sample observation device 1 .
- the light source unit 2 generates the pulse train Lc by modulating the central wavelength of the pulsed light L generated from the single laser light source 11 according to time.
- the pulse train Lc is generated using soliton self-frequency shift, in which the output wavelength changes according to the input intensity.
- an excitation spectrum of a region in which only a specific target emits light for a plurality of pulsed lights L included in the pulse train Lc in the sample S is stored in advance, and measurement data for each pulsed light L is obtained based on the excitation spectrum. is subjected to linear separation processing.
- the accuracy of the linear separation process can be sufficiently ensured. Therefore, it is possible to more preferably avoid crosstalk between the obtained measurement data.
- observation images G R , G G , and G B for each target are generated based on the measurement data subjected to linear separation processing.
- observation images G R , G G , and G B corresponding to each observation method can be obtained while suppressing crosstalk.
- a superimposed image Gs is generated by superimposing the observation images GR , GG , and GB.
- the observation results obtained by each observation method are combined into one image, so that the convenience of analyzing the observation results can be improved. It is also possible to deal with phenomena that can be observed through a plurality of observation methods.
- the detector 18 is configured with a single-channel detector, but instead of this, the detector 18 may be configured with a multi-channel detector.
- Such detectors include multi-channel photomultiplier tubes and the like. According to this configuration, even if the number of wavelengths of the pulsed light L included in the excitation light Le is smaller than the number of targets of the sample S, it is possible to find the solutions of the simultaneous equations used in the linear separation process.
- a pulse train Lc in which two pulsed lights L having center wavelengths ⁇ EX1 and ⁇ EX2 are arranged in order is generated as the pumping light Le.
- Two response lights I 1 and I 2 are generated in response to the irradiation of these two pulse lights L.
- a diffraction grating 31 and a lens 32 are arranged in the optical path of the response light Lr between the sample S and the detection section 18 to provide the measurement section 3 with a spectroscopic function.
- the emission spectrum is used in addition to the excitation spectrum for the linear separation processing of the measurement data of the response light Lr acquired with this configuration.
- three emission spectra of hR , hG , and hB are illustrated together with three excitation spectra of gR , gG , and gB .
- CH1 and CH2 are the two channels of the photomultiplier tube.
- a short wavelength component of the response light Lr is detected by CH1
- a long wavelength component of the response light Lr is detected by CH2.
- the wavelength range measured by CH1 is represented by [ ⁇ EM1 , ⁇ EM2 ]
- the wavelength range measured by CH2 is represented by [ ⁇ EM2 , ⁇ EM3 ].
- ⁇ EM1 , ⁇ EM2 , and ⁇ EM3 can be adjusted by the grating interval of the diffraction grating 31, the focal length of the lens 32, the optical path length from the diffraction grating 31 to the detector 18, and the like.
- Linear separation processing of measurement data based on excitation spectra g R , g G , g B and emission spectra h R , h G , h B is performed using simultaneous equations (1) to (4) shown in FIG.
- Information used in this linear separation process is excitation spectra g R , g G , g B , emission spectra h R , h G , h B , and wavelengths ⁇ EX1 , ⁇ EX2 of pulse light L contained in excitation light Le. . These parameters are defined for CH1 and CH2 respectively.
- h([ ⁇ EM1 , ⁇ EM2 ]) is the integrated value of the emission spectrum in the interval [ ⁇ EM1 , ⁇ EM2 ], and h([ ⁇ EM2 , ⁇ EM3 ]) is the interval [ ⁇ EM2 , ⁇ EM3 ] It is the integrated value of the emission spectrum.
- An integrated value is defined for each target.
- 2 in the formula are the intensities of the respective pulsed lights L contained in the excitation light Le.
- the number of wavelengths of the pulsed light L is two, but the number of channels of the detector 18 is two. matches the number of Therefore , the simultaneous equations ( 1 ) to (4) shown in FIG. can be calculated respectively .
- the light source unit 2 may be configured to output similar pumping light Le using a plurality of laser light sources.
- the light source unit 2 has a configuration in which pulsed light is generated from each laser light source at predetermined time intervals by combining a plurality of laser light sources having different wavelengths and a wavelength separation element such as a dichroic mirror, for example. good too.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 中心波長が異なる複数のパルス光が所定の時間間隔で並ぶパルス列を励起光として出力する光源部と、
前記励起光を試料に対して走査しながら、前記パルス列に含まれる各パルス光の照射に応じた前記試料からの光応答を時間分解測定し、前記各パルス光に対する測定データを取得する測定部と、
前記試料に含まれるターゲット毎の励起スペクトルに基づいて、前記各パルス光に対する測定データに線形分離処理を施す処理部と、を備える試料観察装置。 - 前記光源部は、単一の光源から生成された前記パルス光の中心波長を時間に応じて変調することで前記パルス列を生成する請求項1記載の試料観察装置。
- 前記光源部では、入力強度に応じて出力波長が変わるソリトン自己周波数シフトを用いて前記パルス列を生成する請求項1又は2記載の試料観察装置。
- 前記処理部は、前記試料において前記パルス列に含まれる前記複数のパルス光に対して特定のターゲットのみが発光する領域の励起スペクトルを予め保有し、当該励起スペクトルに基づいて前記各パルス光に対する測定データに線形分離処理を施す請求項1~3のいずれか一項記載の試料観察装置。
- 前記線形分離処理が施された前記測定データに基づいて、特定のターゲットに関する観察像を生成する画像生成部を更に有する請求項1~4のいずれか一項記載の試料観察装置。
- 前記画像生成部は、前記特定のターゲットに関する観察像を重畳した重畳画像を生成する請求項5記載の試料観察装置。
- 前記測定部は、前記試料からの光応答を時間分解測定するマルチチャネルの検出部を有している請求項1~6のいずれか一項記載の試料観察装置。
- 中心波長が異なる複数のパルス光が所定の時間間隔で並ぶパルス列を励起光として出力する出力ステップと、
前記励起光を試料に対して走査しながら、前記パルス列に含まれる各パルス光の照射に応じた前記試料からの光応答を時間分解測定し、前記各パルス光に対する測定データを取得する測定ステップと、
前記試料に含まれるターゲット毎の励起スペクトルに基づいて、前記各パルス光に対する測定データに線形分離処理を施す処理ステップと、を備える試料観察方法。 - 前記出力ステップでは、単一の光源から生成された前記パルス光の中心波長を時間に応じて変調することで前記パルス列を生成する請求項8記載の試料観察方法。
- 前記出力ステップでは、入力強度に応じて出力波長が変わるソリトン自己周波数シフトを用いて前記パルス列を生成する請求項8又は9記載の試料観察方法。
- 前記処理ステップでは、前記試料において前記パルス列に含まれる前記複数のパルス光に対して特定のターゲットのみが発光する領域の励起スペクトルを予め保有し、当該励起スペクトルに基づいて前記各パルス光に対する測定データに線形分離処理を施す請求項8~10のいずれか一項記載の試料観察方法。
- 前記線形分離処理が施された前記測定データに基づいて、特定のターゲットに関する観察像を生成する画像生成ステップを更に有する請求項8~11のいずれか一項記載の試料観察方法。
- 前記画像生成ステップでは、前記特定のターゲットに関する観察像を重畳した重畳画像を生成する請求項12記載の試料観察方法。
- 前記測定ステップでは、マルチチャネル検出によって前記試料からの光応答を時間分解測定する請求項8~13のいずれか一項記載の試料観察方法。
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