WO2022220053A1 - 画像観察装置 - Google Patents

画像観察装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2022220053A1
WO2022220053A1 PCT/JP2022/014130 JP2022014130W WO2022220053A1 WO 2022220053 A1 WO2022220053 A1 WO 2022220053A1 JP 2022014130 W JP2022014130 W JP 2022014130W WO 2022220053 A1 WO2022220053 A1 WO 2022220053A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
display
optical system
eyepiece optical
light emitting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2022/014130
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
典史 梶本
正和 東原
博晃 佐野
陽次郎 松田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to KR1020237034490A priority Critical patent/KR102780294B1/ko
Priority to KR1020257007618A priority patent/KR20250040745A/ko
Priority to CN202280028587.XA priority patent/CN117222935A/zh
Priority to BR112023020385A priority patent/BR112023020385A2/pt
Priority to EP22787978.0A priority patent/EP4325280A4/en
Publication of WO2022220053A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022220053A1/ja
Priority to US18/477,623 priority patent/US20240032406A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0018—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for preventing ghost images
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K59/879—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
    • G02B27/022—Viewing apparatus
    • G02B27/024—Viewing apparatus comprising a light source, e.g. for viewing photographic slides, X-ray transparancies
    • G02B27/026—Viewing apparatus comprising a light source, e.g. for viewing photographic slides, X-ray transparancies and a display device, e.g. CRT, LCD, for adding markings or signs or to enhance the contrast of the viewed object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
    • G02B17/0856—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0081—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
    • G02B27/0955—Lenses
    • G02B27/0961—Lens arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
    • G02B27/0972—Prisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/64—Constructional details of receivers, e.g. cabinets or dust covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K59/878—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising reflective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/8793—Arrangements for polarized light emission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G02B2027/012—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility comprising devices for attenuating parasitic image effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
    • G02B3/0056—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an image observation device that enables observation of an image displayed on a display device through an eyepiece optical system.
  • a head-mounted display (HMD) worn on the head of an observer is known as an image observation apparatus that allows observation of an image displayed on a display device through an eyepiece optical system.
  • an eyepiece optical system that folds the optical path is sometimes used in order to achieve both miniaturization and a wide angle of view.
  • Such an eyepiece optical system includes, for example, a polarizing optical system using polarized light, a free-form surface prism having a reflecting surface inside a lens, and the like.
  • Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 disclose an HMD having an eyepiece optical system with a wide angle of view using polarized light. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-200002 discloses that the viewing angle characteristics at the peripheral angle of view are improved by increasing the size of the color filter provided in the display element from the central portion to the peripheral portion.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and provides an image observation apparatus capable of reducing ghost while improving the viewing angle characteristics at peripheral angles of view of an eyepiece optical system configured to fold the optical path. do.
  • An image observation apparatus includes a display element having a plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally on a plane and a plurality of microlenses provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements; an eyepiece optical system that has at least one reflective surface in the display element and guides light from the display surface of the display element to an exit pupil, wherein the light emission center of the light emitting element and the light emitting element are located in the peripheral portion of the display element is shifted in a direction parallel to the plane.
  • the present invention it is possible to reduce the ghost while improving the viewing angle characteristics at the peripheral angle of view of the eyepiece optical system configured to fold the optical path.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a display element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of an end portion of the display element of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the display element of Embodiment 1
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the display element of Embodiment 1
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the display element of Embodiment 1
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the display element of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the display element of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a display element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of an end portion of the display element of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the display element of Embodiment 1
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the display element of Embod
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a display element without microlenses; Sectional drawing of the display element which does not shift a microlens.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the display element of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing optical conditions of light rays that become normal light and ghost light;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing optical conditions of light rays that become normal light and ghost light;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing optical conditions of light rays that become normal light and ghost light;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between a light beam that becomes normal light and a shift amount ⁇ CF of a color filter;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between a light beam that becomes normal light and a shift amount ⁇ CF of a color filter;
  • 2 is a plan view of the display element of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the display element of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the display element of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a display device according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an imaging device and an electronic device according to a first embodiment;
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an imaging device and an electronic device according to a first embodiment;
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a display device according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a display device according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a lighting device and an automobile according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a lighting device and an automobile according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a spectacles-type display device according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a spectacles-type display device according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of an HMD according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 1 is an external view of an HMD according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of an eyepiece optical system according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is an optical path diagram of the eyepiece optical system in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing optical paths of ghost light according to the first embodiment;
  • FIG. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing viewing angle characteristics at horizontal ends of the display surface in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of an HMD according to Embodiment 2;
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of an eyepiece optical system according to Embodiment 2;
  • FIG. 10 is an optical path diagram of an eyepiece optical system according to Embodiment 2;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing optical paths of ghost light according to the second embodiment;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of an HMD according to Embodiment 3;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of an HMD according to Embodiment 3;
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of an eyepiece optical system according to Embodiment 3;
  • FIG. 11 is an optical path diagram of an eyepiece optical system according to Embodiment 3;
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing optical paths of ghost light in the third embodiment;
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing optical paths of ghost light according to the third embodiment;
  • the viewing angle characteristics at the peripheral angle of view of the eyepiece optical system that folds the optical path are improved. ghost can be reduced.
  • Embodiments 1 and 2 use a polarization optical system using polarized light
  • Embodiment 3 uses a free-form surface prism. 1 shows an embodiment. A desirable form of an eyepiece optical system that folds the optical path will be described in the embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a display element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the display element 100 has a display area 1 in which light-emitting elements 10 are arranged two-dimensionally on a main surface (on a plane) of a substrate 8 (see FIGS. 3A-3C) to generate an image.
  • the effect of the present invention does not depend on the pixel arrangement. That is, the delta arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1, the stripe arrangement, or the square arrangement may be used.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the end area 2 of the display area 1 shown in FIG.
  • the light emitting elements 10 arranged on the main surface of the substrate 8 and the light emitting regions 17 of the light emitting elements 10 (see FIGS. 3A to 3C).
  • a microlens 15 into which the light of is incident.
  • the center of the light emitting region 17 of the light emitting element 10 and the center of the microlens 15 are shifted in a direction parallel to the main surface.
  • the edge area 2 is located on the periphery of the center of the display area, so it may be called a peripheral area.
  • FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the end region 2 taken along line A-A' in FIG. 2, showing a light-emitting element having a convex microlens on the side opposite to the substrate.
  • an example using an organic EL element as the light emitting element 10 is shown.
  • the organic EL elements (light emitting elements 10) are arranged at a pitch D.
  • the pitch D is the distance in the main surface direction of the substrate 8 between the center position 18 of the light emitting region 17 of a certain light emitting element 10 and the center position 18 ′ of the light emitting region 17 of the adjacent light emitting element 10 .
  • a light-emitting element 10 on a substrate 8 includes a first electrode 11 arranged on the main surface of the substrate 8, an organic layer 12 including a light-emitting layer, and a first electrode 11 arranged on the first electrode 11 with the organic layer 12 interposed therebetween. It has two electrodes 13 .
  • dummy pixels 10' are arranged outside the range indicated by the point A-A' line, which is the edge of the display area 1.
  • FIG. The dummy pixels 10' may be formed in multiple columns and multiple rows.
  • the organic layer 12 may be configured by forming a light-emitting layer that emits a single light-emitting color as a common layer between the light-emitting elements 10 so that the display element 100 can display a single light-emitting color. Also, the organic layer 12 may be configured by patterning a light-emitting layer that emits a different color for each light-emitting element 10 so that the display element 100 can display at least two colors.
  • Each pixel of the display element 100 includes an insulating layer 16 that covers the edge of the first electrode 11 and has an opening above the first electrode 11, functions as a bank, and a protective layer 14 that is placed on the second electrode 13. , with microlenses 15 . Light emitted from the light emitting element 10 is incident on the microlens 15 .
  • the microlenses 15 are displaced in the direction indicated by the arrow B with respect to the light emitting region 17 of the light emitting element 10 .
  • the direction indicated by the arrow B is the direction in which the principal ray of the eyepiece optical system that folds the optical path is projected onto the principal surface when the display element 100 is viewed from above.
  • the emission intensity of light that passes through an unintended optical path and is perceived as a ghost by an observer is reduced. Details of the effect will be described later. Further, it is desirable that the relationship between the refractive index n1 of the microlens and the refractive index n0 of the medium above the microlens in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 3A is n0 ⁇ n1.
  • the light-emitting region 17 of the light-emitting element 10 refers to a portion where the first electrode 11, the organic layer 12, and the second electrode 13 are laminated in the opening of the insulating layer 16.
  • the microlens 15 and the light-emitting region 17 are misaligned, in plan view, the center position 19 of the microlens 15 and the center position 18 of the light-emitting region 17 do not overlap and are separated by a certain distance.
  • the center of the microlens 15 is the center of gravity of the shape (outer shape) formed by lines connecting the ends in a plan view.
  • the end of the microlens 15 is the lowest position in the Z direction in the cross-sectional view of the microlens 15 . In FIG.
  • the microlens 15 has a spherical cross section (partially missing spheres and hemispheres are included in the spherical shape), and in this case, the center of the microlens 15 coincides with the vertex of the microlens 15 .
  • the microlenses 15 are arranged so as to be displaced from the light emitting regions 17 of the light emitting elements 10 . That is, in a plan view of the surface of the substrate 8 on which the light emitting element 10 is arranged, the center 19 of the microlens 15 and the center position 18 of the light emitting region 17 are separated by a certain distance (do not match). Further, since the cross-sectional shape of the microlens 15 is spherical here, the vertex of the microlens 15 and the center of the light emitting region 17 are also separated by a certain distance.
  • the pitch of the microlenses 15 (the distance between the centers of adjacent microlenses in plan view of the surface of the substrate 8 on which the light emitting elements 10 are arranged) is constant.
  • the pitch of the light emitting elements 10 (the distance between the centers of the light emitting regions of the adjacent light emitting elements 10 in a plan view of the surface of the substrate 8 on which the light emitting elements 10 are arranged) is also constant and coincides with the pitch of the microlenses 15. ing. Therefore, the microlens 15 and the light emitting region 17 are arranged with a certain distance (amount of displacement). That is, the present embodiment shows an example in which the distance between the center of the microlens 15 and the center of the light emitting region 17 in plan view (microlens displacement amount) is constant for each pixel.
  • a color filter 20 may be provided between the light emitting element 10 and the microlens 15 as shown in FIG. 3B.
  • FIG. 3B shows an example in which the color filters 20 are arranged so as to be displaced with respect to the light emitting region 17 . That is, in a plan view of the surface of the substrate 8 on which the light emitting elements 10 are arranged, the center 21 of the color filter 20 and the center 18 of the light emitting region 17 are separated by a certain distance. However, in order to suppress color shift, the color filters 20 may be arranged so as not to be shifted with respect to the light emitting region 17 . That is, in a plan view of the surface of the substrate 8 on which the light emitting elements 10 are arranged, the center 21 of the color filter 20 and the center position 18 of the light emitting region 17 may be aligned.
  • FIG. 3C is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device having different forms of color filters and microlenses.
  • the microlens 15' has a convex shape in the downward direction of the paper, unlike the other embodiments.
  • the downward direction on the paper surface can also be said to be the direction from the transflective electrode to the reflective electrode.
  • a space between the microlens 15' and the protective layer 14 may be a gap or filled with another material.
  • the relationship between the refractive index n1 of the microlens and the refractive index n2 of the medium below the microlens is preferably n2 ⁇ n1. Also, in FIG.
  • the color filter 20 is arranged above the microlens 15 ′, but it may be arranged between the microlens 15 ′ and the protective layer 14 .
  • the center of the microlens 15' is the center of gravity of the shape (outer shape) formed by lines connecting the ends in plan view.
  • the end of the microlens 15 ′ is the lowest position in the Z direction in the cross-sectional view of the microlens 15 .
  • the microlens 15' has a spherical cross-section (partially missing sphere and hemisphere are included in the spherical shape), and in this case, the center of the microlens 15' coincides with the vertex of the microlens 15'. .
  • any material can be used for the substrate 8 as long as it can support the first electrode 11 , the organic layer 12 and the second electrode 13 .
  • glass, plastic, silicon, or the like can be used.
  • a switching element such as a transistor, a wiring, an interlayer insulating film (not shown), and the like may be arranged on the substrate 8 .
  • the first electrode 11 may be transparent or opaque. If opaque, a metallic material with a reflectance of 70% or more at the emission wavelength is desirable. Metals such as Al and Ag, alloys obtained by adding Si, Cu, Ni, Nd, etc. to these metals, and ITO, IZO, AZO, and IGZO can be used. In addition, the emission wavelength here means the spectrum range emitted from the organic layer 12 .
  • the first electrode 11 may be a layered electrode with a barrier electrode made of a metal such as Ti, W, Mo, or Au or an alloy thereof, or a transparent oxide film electrode such as ITO or IZO, as long as the reflectance is higher than the desired value. may be used as a laminated electrode.
  • the first electrode 11 is a transparent electrode
  • a configuration in which a reflective layer is further provided under the first electrode 11 may be employed.
  • the transparent electrode for example, ITO, IZO, AZO, IGZO or the like can be used.
  • an insulating film may be further provided between the reflective layer and the transparent electrode.
  • the second electrode 13 is arranged on the organic layer 12 and has translucency.
  • the second electrode 13 may be a semi-transmissive material that transmits part of the light reaching its surface and reflects the other part (that is, semi-transmissive reflectivity).
  • a transparent material such as a transparent conductive oxide can be used.
  • a translucent material made of an elemental metal such as aluminum, silver, or gold, an alkali metal such as lithium or cesium, an alkaline earth metal such as magnesium, calcium, or barium, or an alloy material containing these metal materials. can.
  • an alloy containing magnesium or silver as a main component is particularly preferable.
  • the second electrode 13 may have a laminated structure of layers containing the above materials as long as it has a preferable transmittance.
  • the second electrode 13 may be shared by a plurality of light emitting elements 10 .
  • first electrode 11 or the second electrode 13 is an anode, and the other functions as a cathode. That is, the first electrode 11 may be the anode and the second electrode 13 may be the cathode, or vice versa.
  • the organic layer 12 is arranged on the first electrode 11 and can be formed by a known technique such as vapor deposition or spin coating.
  • the organic layer 12 may be composed of a plurality of layers.
  • the plurality of layers may be any of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron block layer, a light emitting layer, a hole block layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. or one or a combination thereof.
  • the light-emitting layer emits light by recombination of holes injected from the anode and electrons injected from the cathode in the organic compound layer.
  • the structure of the light emitting layer may be a single layer or multiple layers.
  • Each light-emitting layer can have a red light-emitting material, a green light-emitting material, and a red light-emitting material, and it is also possible to obtain white light by mixing each light emission color.
  • one of the light-emitting layers may contain light-emitting materials having complementary colors such as a blue light-emitting material and a yellow light-emitting material.
  • the light-emitting material may be a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material, a delayed fluorescent material, or a quantum dot such as CdS or perovskite.
  • different colors may be emitted by changing the material or structure included in the light-emitting layer for each pixel.
  • a light-emitting layer may be provided for each light-emitting element 10 . In that case, the light emitting layer may be patterned for each light emitting element 10 .
  • the protective layer 14 is an insulating layer, and preferably contains an inorganic material that is translucent and has low permeability to oxygen and moisture from the outside.
  • the protective layer 14 is made of an inorganic material such as silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), silicon oxide (SiOx), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ).
  • SiN silicon nitride
  • SiON silicon oxynitride
  • SiOx silicon oxide
  • Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
  • TiO 2 titanium oxide
  • CVD method chemical vapor deposition method
  • ALD method atomic layer deposition method
  • sputtering method for forming the protective layer 14 .
  • the protective layer 14 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure that combines the above materials and formation methods as long as it has sufficient moisture blocking performance. For example, it may be a stack of a layer of silicon nitride and a layer of high density by atomic deposition. Furthermore, the protective layer 14 may have an organic layer as long as it retains moisture blocking performance. Examples of organic layers include polyacrylates, polyimides, polyesters, epoxies, and the like. Furthermore, a protective layer 14 may be arranged across a plurality of light emitting elements 10 . A planarizing layer may be formed between the protective layer 14 and the microlenses 15 for the purpose of planarizing the unevenness of the protective layer 14 . Also, a color filter may be arranged between the microlens 15 and the protective layer 14 or between the microlens 15 and the planarizing layer.
  • the microlenses 15 can be formed by exposure and development processes. Specifically, a film (photoresist film) is formed from a material for forming microlenses, and the photoresist film is exposed and developed using a mask having a continuous gradation change. Such a mask may be a gray mask, or an area gradation mask that enables continuous gradation light irradiation on the imaging plane by changing the density distribution of dots made of a light-shielding film whose resolution is lower than that of the exposure device. can be used.
  • a mask may be a gray mask, or an area gradation mask that enables continuous gradation light irradiation on the imaging plane by changing the density distribution of dots made of a light-shielding film whose resolution is lower than that of the exposure device.
  • the microlens may have any shape as long as it can refract radiation light, and may be spherical or have an asymmetric cross-sectional shape.
  • the effect of this embodiment will be described using an example of a light-emitting element having a convex microlens on the side opposite to the substrate.
  • the effect of this embodiment does not depend on the direction of the convex shape of the microlens. That is, a microlens having a convex shape in the downward direction of the paper as shown in FIG. 3C may be used.
  • FIG. 4A to 4C are cross-sectional views of the end region 2 taken along line A-A' in FIG. 4A and 4B respectively show a configuration in which the microlens 15 is not arranged and a configuration in which the microlens 15 and the light emitting region 17 are arranged so as to overlap each other without being shifted in plan view.
  • a radiation angle (radiation angle) 21 in FIG. 4A represents the radiation angle in the air of the principal ray of normal light
  • the radiation angle 22 represents the radiation angle in the air of the ghost light.
  • Regular light is light that passes through the optical path designed by the lens design and forms an image in the pupil of the observer.
  • the chief ray is the light that passes through the center of the observer's pupil in the regular light.
  • the focal length becomes short, so the radiation angle of the principal ray of normal light in the air becomes large at the end of the display area 1 as shown in FIG. 4A.
  • ghost light is light that is emitted from a light-emitting element, passes through an optical path that is not intended by design, and is observed as a ghost by an observer.
  • the optical path of the ghost light is generally determined by the positional relationship between the light emitting elements in the display area 1 and the observer's pupil, as shown in FIGS. In that case, as shown in FIG. 4A, the radiation angle becomes small, and the direction thereof is opposite to the direction normal to the main surface of the substrate.
  • FIG. 4A shows light emitted from the light emitting element 10 when no microlens is arranged.
  • the direction of the vector (arrow) represents the traveling direction of the light, and the magnitude of the vector represents the intensity of the radiated light.
  • light-emitting elements have radiation angle dependence, and the wider the angle, the smaller the radiation intensity. Therefore, without the microlens, the light 23 emitted in the direction of the radiation angle 21 of the principal ray of regular light is weaker than the emitted light 24 emitted in the direction of the radiation angle 22 of the ghost light. That is, at the edge of the display area 1, the intensity of the light emitted from the light-emitting element is higher in the ghost light than in the normal light.
  • microlenses 15 and the light emitting regions 17 are arranged so as to overlap with each other in plan view as shown in FIG. 4B. It is weaker than the emitted light 26 emitted in the direction of the emission angle 22 of the ghost light.
  • FIG. 4C shows the case of this embodiment, in which the microlenses 15 and the light emitting regions 17 are arranged with a certain distance.
  • the light is refracted through the surface 28 of the microlenses 15 and emitted in the direction of the radiation angle 21 of the principal ray of normal light.
  • the intensity of the emitted light 27 increases dramatically.
  • the intensity of light directed toward the emission angle 22 of the ghost light is significantly reduced. This is because the ghost light is mainly refracted at the surface 29 of the adjacent microlens 15 toward the wide-angle side, or confined within the microlens due to total internal reflection.
  • FIG. 4C which is a plan view of the microlens 15 of FIG. They refer to the opposite and forward planes with respect to the arrow B, respectively.
  • FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the light emitting region 17, the microlens 15, and the output angle of regular light.
  • a microlens 15 of height h, radius r and refractive index n is arranged.
  • ⁇ 1 sin ⁇ 1 ⁇ sin( ⁇ 2+ ⁇ )/n ⁇ (2)
  • the region where ⁇ is positive that is, the region to the right of the vertex of the microlens 15 in FIG. That is, the light incident on the surface 28 is mainly used.
  • the amount of deviation of the vertex of the microlens 15 from the center of the light emitting region 17 is ⁇ ML.
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ that satisfy the above formula (2) are calculated for ⁇ at each point on the microlens 15, and the light emitting region X ⁇ ML should be set so that In other words, the light intensity of the normal light increases as the ratio of the light emitting region X to the light emitting region 17 shown in FIG. 5A increases.
  • FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the light emitting region 17, the microlens 15, and the emission angle of the ghost light.
  • Light is emitted from the light emitting region at angles ⁇ 1′ and ⁇ 1′′, and is bent in the direction of angle ⁇ 2′ at points A′ and A′′ of the microlens, respectively.
  • the inclinations of the normal to the surface of the microlens at points A and A'' with respect to the normal to the substrate 8 are angles .alpha.' and .alpha.'', respectively.
  • .theta.1' and .theta.1'' are expressed by equations (3) and (4) as in the case of normal light.
  • ⁇ 1′ and ⁇ 1′′ obtained from equations (3) and (4) should be increased. This is because increasing ⁇ 1′ and ⁇ 1′′ reduces the intensity of light emitted from the light emitting element. .
  • a certain critical angle is exceeded, total internal reflection occurs and the light does not reach the microlens.
  • the shift amount .DELTA.ML is determined so that the light emitting region X, which is emitted as normal light, is large with respect to the light emitting region 17, and the light emitting regions Y1 and Y2, which are emitted in the direction of ghost light, are small.
  • the shape of the opening may be appropriately optimized, and the shape may be circular, hexagonal, elliptical, or the like.
  • the aperture shape of the luminescent pixel may be formed such that X is large and Y1 and Y2 are small.
  • ⁇ CF 6.0° ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 37.5° (5)
  • the shift amount ⁇ CF of the color filters will be described.
  • a color filter 20 may be provided between the light emitting element 10 and the microlens 15 as shown in FIG. 3B.
  • 6A and 6B are cross-sectional views showing the positional relationship between the light-emitting region 17 and the microlenses 15 at the edge 2 of the display region 1, and show the component emitted in the direction of the radiation angle 21 of regular light.
  • the light emitted in the direction of the radiation angle 21 of the normal light is mainly the emitted light 32 that passes through the surface 28 of the microlens 15, but the emitted light 33 that partially passes through the surface 29 exists.
  • the emitted light intensity of the emitted light 33 is smaller than the emitted light intensity of the emitted light 32 because the emission angle from the normal direction of the substrate 8 is large.
  • the color shift is the difference between the chromaticity of the normal direction of the substrate 8 in the center of the display area 1 and the chromaticity of the radiation emitted from the edge 2 of the display area 1 in the direction of the radiation angle 21. .
  • FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view showing the positional relationship between the light emitting area 17 and the microlens 15 at the end 2 of the display area 1 when formula (6) is satisfied.
  • the shift amount .DELTA.CF it is possible to block the radiation 33 with a large color shift with the color filter, so that the color shift is easily suppressed.
  • the details will be described later, by appropriately optimizing the shift amounts ⁇ ML and ⁇ CF, it is possible to suppress the emission intensity of the ghost light and suppress the color shift.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the positional relationship between the microlenses 15 and the light emitting regions 17 when the display region 1 is cut along line E-E'.
  • a light-emitting element having a convex microlens on the side opposite to the substrate will be described as in the case described above.
  • the effect of this embodiment does not depend on the direction of the convex shape of the microlens. That is, a microlens having a convex shape in the downward direction of the paper as shown in FIG. 3C may be used.
  • the displacement amount ⁇ ML(34) at the center position of the display area 1 is set to 0, and the displacement amounts ⁇ ML are ⁇ ML(35), ⁇ ML(36), ⁇ ML(36), and
  • the microlenses 15 may be arranged so as to increase ⁇ ML(37).
  • the amount of ghost light is mainly determined by the linear relationship between the position of the light emitting element 17 in the display area 1 and the viewer's pupil. Therefore, the shift amounts ⁇ ML( 34 ) to ⁇ ML( 37 ) should be increased linearly as a function of the position of the light emitting element 17 .
  • the displacement amount ⁇ ML may be formed so as to change continuously with respect to the position of the light emitting element 17 when viewed macroscopically. Macroscopically, it may be continuous, and the shift amount may be changed for each pixel, or may be changed stepwise within a certain range. A certain range may be changed by one pixel, and the remaining range may be changed stepwise. However, if the focal length is made smaller, the change in the aspherical shape of the lens surface closer to the display element 100 becomes larger, and the change rate may become larger as the emission angle of the ghost light approaches the edge of the display area 1. . In that case, the change rate of the shift amount ⁇ ML may be increased in accordance with the change rate of the radiation angle of the ghost light. Also, although FIG. 7 shows the case where the shift amount .DELTA.ML(34) at the center of the display area 1 is 0, it may not necessarily be 0. Further, the amount of deviation ⁇ ML may be made uniform in the display area 1 .
  • the shift amount ⁇ ML increases toward the ends of the display area 1 as shown in FIG.
  • the value of the deviation ⁇ ML is designed so that the viewing angle characteristics of the portion 39 are optimized.
  • the amount of deviation ⁇ ML may be close to the pitch D of the light emitting elements, and the emission intensity of the ghost light may increase.
  • the light emitting elements in at least one of the diagonal areas 40, 41, 42 and 43 of the display area 1, it is not necessary to arrange the light emitting elements.
  • the display area will be octagonal (n-sided) like area 44 .
  • a hexagon formed by the areas 41, 43, and 44 is formed.
  • at least one of the diagonal regions 45, 46, 47, and 48 in FIG. 8B may not have one or both of the light emitting element and the microlens.
  • the display area will be hexagonal like area 49 .
  • a microlens may or may not be arranged in a region in which no light emitting element is arranged. The arrangement of the light-emitting elements and microlenses in this embodiment may be appropriately adjusted by optical design, and a configuration in which the light-emitting elements are arranged in the diagonal regions and only the microlenses are not arranged may be employed.
  • the microlenses in the diagonal areas 40, 41, 42, and 43 are adjusted so as not to be larger than the microlens shift amount ⁇ ML at the horizontal end 38 and the upper and lower ends 39.
  • the amount of deviation .DELTA.ML may be made constant and matched with the amount of deviation of the end portion 38 or the end portion 39.
  • the light emission intensity of the normal light of the eyepiece optical system that folds the optical path is increased. and reduce ghosting.
  • Embodiments 1 and 2 show examples in which the present invention is applied to a polarization optical system using polarized light.
  • Embodiment 3 shows an example applied to a free-form surface prism.
  • a desirable form of an eyepiece optical system that folds the optical path will also be described in each embodiment.
  • Each embodiment described here is merely a representative example, and various modifications and changes can be made to each embodiment when implementing the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the display device according to this embodiment.
  • Display device 1000 may have touch panel 1003 , display panel 1005 including display element 100 , frame 1006 , circuit board 1007 , and battery 1008 between upper cover 1001 and lower cover 1009 .
  • the touch panel 1003 and display panel 1005 are connected to flexible printed circuits FPC 1002 and 1004 .
  • Transistors are printed on the circuit board 1007 .
  • the battery 1008 may not be provided if the display device is not a portable device, or may be provided at another position even if the display device is a portable device.
  • the display device may have color filters having red, green, and blue.
  • the color filters may be arranged in a delta arrangement of said red, green and blue.
  • the display device may be used in the display section of a mobile terminal. In that case, it may have both a display function and an operation function.
  • Mobile terminals include mobile phones such as smart phones, tablets, head-mounted displays, and the like.
  • the display device may be used in the display section of an imaging device having an optical section having a plurality of lenses and an imaging device that receives light that has passed through the optical section.
  • the imaging device may have a display unit that displays information acquired by the imaging element.
  • the display section may be a display section exposed to the outside of the imaging device, or may be a display section arranged within the viewfinder.
  • the imaging device may be a digital camera or a digital video camera.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram showing an example of an imaging device according to this embodiment.
  • the imaging device 1100 may have a viewfinder 1101 , a rear display 1102 , an operation unit 1103 and a housing 1104 .
  • the viewfinder 1101 may have a display device according to this embodiment.
  • the display device may display not only the image to be captured, but also environmental information, imaging instructions, and the like.
  • the environmental information may include the intensity of outside light, the direction of outside light, the moving speed of the subject, the possibility of the subject being blocked by an obstacle, and the like.
  • a display device using the organic light-emitting device of the present invention Since the best time to take an image is a short amount of time, it is better to display the information as soon as possible. Therefore, it is preferable to use a display device using the organic light-emitting device of the present invention. This is because the organic light emitting device has a high response speed.
  • a display device using an organic light-emitting element can be used more preferably than these devices and a liquid crystal display device, which require a high display speed.
  • the imaging device 1100 has an optical unit (not shown).
  • the optical unit has a plurality of lenses and forms an image on the imaging device housed in the housing 1104 .
  • the multiple lenses can be focused by adjusting their relative positions. This operation can also be performed automatically.
  • An imaging device may be called a photoelectric conversion device.
  • the photoelectric conversion device can include, as an imaging method, a method of detecting a difference from a previous image, a method of extracting from an image that is always recorded, and the like, instead of sequentially imaging.
  • FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram showing an example of the electronic device according to this embodiment.
  • Electronic device 1200 includes display portion 1201 , operation portion 1202 , and housing 1203 .
  • the housing 1203 may include a circuit, a printed board including the circuit, a battery, and a communication portion.
  • the operation unit 1202 may be a button or a touch panel type reaction unit.
  • the operation unit may be a biometric recognition unit that recognizes a fingerprint and performs unlocking or the like.
  • An electronic device having a communication unit can also be called a communication device.
  • the electronic device may further have a camera function by being provided with a lens and an imaging device. An image captured by the camera function is displayed on the display unit. Examples of electronic devices include smartphones, notebook computers, and the like.
  • FIG. 11A and 11B are schematic diagrams showing an example of the display device according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 11A shows a display device such as a television monitor or a PC monitor.
  • a display device 1300 has a frame 1301 and a display portion 1302 .
  • the light emitting device according to this embodiment may be used for the display unit 1302 .
  • the base 1303 is not limited to the form of FIG. 11A.
  • the lower side of the frame 1301 may also serve as the base.
  • the frame 1301 and the display unit 1302 may be curved. Its radius of curvature may be between 5000 mm and 6000 mm.
  • FIG. 11B is a schematic diagram showing another example of the display device according to this embodiment.
  • a display device 1310 in FIG. 11B is a so-called foldable display device whose display surface is configured to be foldable.
  • the display device 1310 has a first display portion 1311 , a second display portion 1312 , a housing 1313 and a bending point 1314 .
  • the first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 may have the light emitting device according to this embodiment.
  • the first display portion 1311 and the second display portion 1312 may be a seamless display device.
  • the first display portion 1311 and the second display portion 1312 can be separated at a bending point.
  • the first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 may display different images, or the first and second display units may display one image.
  • FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram showing an example of the lighting device according to this embodiment.
  • the illumination device 1400 may have a housing 1401 , a light source 1402 including the display element 100 , a circuit board 1403 , an optical film 1404 and a light diffusion section 1405 .
  • the light source may comprise an organic light emitting device according to this embodiment.
  • the optical filter may be a filter that enhances the color rendering of the light source.
  • the light diffusing portion can effectively diffuse the light from the light source such as lighting up and deliver the light over a wide range.
  • the optical filter and the light diffusion section may be provided on the light exit side of the illumination. If necessary, a cover may be provided on the outermost part.
  • a lighting device is, for example, a device that illuminates a room.
  • the lighting device may emit white, neutral white, or any other color from blue to red. It may have a dimming circuit to dim them.
  • the lighting device may have the organic light emitting device of the present invention and a power supply circuit connected thereto.
  • a power supply circuit is a circuit that converts an AC voltage into a DC voltage. Further, white has a color temperature of 4200K, and neutral white has a color temperature of 5000K.
  • the lighting device may have color filters.
  • the lighting device according to this embodiment may have a heat dissipation section.
  • the heat radiating part is for radiating the heat inside the device to the outside of the device, and may be made of metal, liquid silicon, or the like, which has a high specific heat.
  • FIG. 12B is a schematic diagram of an automobile, which is an example of a moving body according to this embodiment.
  • the automobile has a tail lamp, which is an example of a lamp.
  • the automobile 1500 may have a tail lamp 1501, and may be configured to turn on the tail lamp when a brake operation or the like is performed.
  • the tail lamp 1501 may have the organic light emitting device according to this embodiment.
  • the tail lamp may have a protective member that protects the organic EL element.
  • the protective member may be made of any material as long as it has a certain degree of strength and is transparent, but is preferably made of polycarbonate or the like. A furandicarboxylic acid derivative, an acrylonitrile derivative, or the like may be mixed with the polycarbonate.
  • a car 1500 may have a body 1503 and a window 1502 attached thereto.
  • the window may be a transparent display unless it is a window for checking the front and rear of the automobile.
  • the transparent display may comprise an organic light emitting device according to the present embodiments. In this case, constituent materials such as electrodes of the organic light-emitting element are made of transparent members.
  • a mobile object may be a ship, an aircraft, a drone, or the like.
  • the moving body may have a body and a lamp provided on the body.
  • the lighting device may emit light to indicate the position of the aircraft.
  • the lamp has the organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment.
  • FIGS. 13A and 13B are an example of a wearable device to which a light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied, and are schematic diagrams of eyeglass-type display devices.
  • the display device can be applied to systems that can be worn as wearable devices such as smart glasses, HMDs, and smart contacts.
  • An imaging display device used in such an application may include an imaging device capable of photoelectrically converting visible light and a display device capable of emitting visible light.
  • FIG. 13A illustrates glasses 1600 (smart glasses) according to one application example.
  • An imaging device 1602 such as a CMOS sensor or SPAD is provided on the surface side of lenses 1601 of spectacles 1600 . Further, the display device of each embodiment described above is provided on the rear surface side of the lens 1601 .
  • the spectacles 1600 further include a control device 1603 .
  • the control device 1603 functions as a power supply that supplies power to the imaging device 1602 and the display device according to each embodiment. Also, the control device 1603 controls operations of the imaging device 1602 and the display device.
  • the lens 1601 is formed with an optical system for condensing light onto the imaging device 1602 .
  • FIG. 13B illustrates glasses 1610 (smart glasses) according to one application.
  • the glasses 1610 have a control device 1612, and the control device 1612 is equipped with an imaging device corresponding to the imaging device 1602 and a display device.
  • An imaging device in the control device 1612 and an optical system for projecting light emitted from the display device are formed in the lens 1611 , and an image is projected onto the lens 1611 .
  • the control device 1612 functions as a power source that supplies power to the imaging device and the display device, and controls the operation of the imaging device and the display device.
  • the control device may have a line-of-sight detection unit that detects the line of sight of the wearer. Infrared rays may be used for line-of-sight detection.
  • the infrared light emitting section emits infrared light to the eyeballs of the user who is gazing at the displayed image.
  • a captured image of the eyeball is obtained by detecting reflected light of the emitted infrared light from the eyeball by an imaging unit having a light receiving element.
  • the user's line of sight to the displayed image is detected from the captured image of the eyeball obtained by capturing infrared light.
  • Any known method can be applied to line-of-sight detection using captured images of eyeballs.
  • line-of-sight detection processing is performed based on the pupillary corneal reflection method.
  • the user's line of sight is detected by calculating a line of sight vector representing the orientation (rotational angle) of the eyeball based on the pupil image and the Purkinje image included in the captured image of the eyeball using the pupillary corneal reflection method. be.
  • a display device may have an imaging device having a light-receiving element, and may control a display image of the display device based on user's line-of-sight information from the imaging device.
  • the display device determines, based on the line-of-sight information, a first visual field area that the user gazes at, and a second visual field area other than the first visual field area.
  • the first viewing area and the second viewing area may be determined by the control device of the display device, or may be determined by an external control device.
  • the display resolution of the first viewing area may be controlled to be higher than the display resolution of the second viewing area. That is, the resolution of the second viewing area may be lower than that of the first viewing area.
  • the display area has a first display area and a second display area different from the first display area. is determined the region where is high.
  • the first viewing area and the second viewing area may be determined by the control device of the display device, or may be determined by an external control device.
  • the resolution of areas with high priority may be controlled to be higher than the resolution of areas other than areas with high priority. That is, the resolution of areas with relatively low priority may be lowered.
  • AI may be used to determine the first field of view area and areas with high priority.
  • the AI is a model configured to estimate the angle of the line of sight from the eyeball image and the distance to the object ahead of the line of sight, using the image of the eyeball and the direction in which the eyeball of the image was actually viewed as training data. It's okay.
  • the AI program may be possessed by the display device, the imaging device, or the external device. If the external device has it, it is communicated to the display device via communication.
  • display control When display control is performed based on line-of-sight detection, it can be preferably applied to smart glasses that further have an imaging device that captures an image of the outside. Smart glasses can display captured external information in real time.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the configuration of an HMD (head mounted display) 101 as an image observation device of this embodiment.
  • the HMD 101 is worn on the observer's head.
  • Reference numeral 102 indicates the observer's right eye
  • reference numeral 103 indicates the observer's left eye.
  • the display lenses 104 and 105 constitute a right-eye eyepiece optical system OR1
  • the display lenses 106 and 107 constitute a left-eye eyepiece optical system OL1.
  • Each eyepiece optical system is a coaxial optical system composed of a plurality (two) of display lenses.
  • the observer's right eye 102 is arranged in the exit pupil ER1 of the right-eye eyepiece optical system OR1
  • the observer's left eye 103 is arranged in the exit pupil EL1 of the left-eye eyepiece optical system OL1.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the appearance of the HMD 101 and a personal computer 150 connected thereto. Each display element displays a display image (original image) corresponding to the image signal output from the personal computer 150 .
  • the HMD 101 may be a device that incorporates an image processing device and operates standalone.
  • the eyepiece optical systems OR1 and OL1 respectively guide the light from the display elements 108 and 109 to the exit pupils ER1 and EL1 to project an enlarged virtual image of the display image to the right eye 102 and left eye 103 of the observer. Thereby, the observer can observe the display images (virtual images thereof) displayed on the display elements 108 and 109 through the eyepiece optical systems OR1 and OL1.
  • each eyepiece optical system has a focal length of 12 mm, a horizontal display angle of view of 45°, a vertical display angle of view of 34°, and a diagonal display angle of view of 54°.
  • An eye relief E1 which is the distance between the surface closest to the exit pupil in each eyepiece optical system (the exit pupil side surface of the polarization separation element 114 described later) and the exit pupil of each eyepiece optical system, is 18 mm.
  • the right-eye and left-eye eyepiece optical systems OR1 and OL1 in this embodiment are optical systems that fold the optical path using polarized light, and the configuration thereof will be described using the right-eye eyepiece optical system OR1.
  • the right-eye eyepiece optical system OR1 includes a polarizing plate 110, a first phase plate 111, a display lens 105, and a display lens arranged in order from the right-eye display element 108 toward the exit pupil ER1.
  • 104 a second phase plate 113 and a polarization separation element (hereinafter referred to as PBS) 114 .
  • a half mirror 112 is formed as a transflective surface on the display element side surface of the display lens 104 .
  • the second phase plate 113 and the PBS 114 are provided so as to be laminated on the exit pupil side surface of the display lens 104 .
  • the polarizing plate 110, the first phase plate 111, the second phase plate 113 and the PBS 114 are all formed in a flat plate shape.
  • the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light passing through the polarizing plate 110 and the slow axis of the first phase plate 111 are inclined by 45°, and the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light passing through the polarizing plate 110 and the second linearly polarized light pass through the polarizing plate 110 .
  • the slow axis of the phase plate 113 is tilted at ⁇ 45° (that is, by the same angle in the direction opposite to the slow axis of the first phase plate 111 with respect to the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light).
  • the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light passing through the polarizing plate 110 and the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light passing through the PBS 114 are orthogonal to each other.
  • the non-polarized light emitted from the right-eye display element 108 passes through the polarizing plate 110 to become linearly polarized light, passes through the first phase plate 111 to become circularly polarized light, and passes through the display lens 105 . Further, the circularly polarized light passes through the half mirror 112, then through the display lens 104, and then through the second phase plate 113 to become the first linearly polarized light. Since this first linearly polarized light has a direction of polarization perpendicular to the direction of polarization transmitted through the PBS 114, it is reflected by the PBS 114 and transmitted through the second phase plate 113 to become circularly polarized light.
  • This circularly polarized light passes through the display lens 104, is reflected by the half mirror 112, passes through the display lens 104 again, passes through the second phase plate 113, and becomes second linearly polarized light. Since this second linearly polarized light has a polarization direction that matches the direction of polarization transmitted through the PBS 114, it is transmitted through the PBS 114 and guided to the exit pupil ER1 (right eye 102). Light emitted from the left-eye display element 109 is similarly guided to the exit pupil EL1 (left eye 103) by the left-eye eyepiece optical system OL1.
  • each eyepiece optical system By constructing each eyepiece optical system in such a way that the optical path is folded using polarized light, each eyepiece optical system can be made thinner in the optical axis direction, and the focal length of each eyepiece optical system can be increased. It is possible to observe an image with a short and wide angle of view.
  • the HMD be lightweight so that the observer wears it on the head.
  • the display lens constituting the eyepiece optical system and the imaging lens constituting the imaging optical system be made of resin whose specific gravity is smaller than that of glass.
  • the display lenses 104 to 107 are also made of resin in this embodiment.
  • the display lenses 104 and 106 closest to the exit pupil are plano-convex lenses having a convex surface facing the display element side, and a half mirror 112 is provided on the convex surface to achieve a wide angle of view while making the eyepiece optical system thinner. ing.
  • the convex surfaces of the display lenses 104 and 106 aspherical, the aberration correction effect is enhanced.
  • the display lenses 105 and 107 are made of resin with double-sided aspherical lenses to enhance the aberration correction effect.
  • the display lenses 105 and 107 may be glass lenses. Also, the display lenses 104 and 106 may be glass lenses if the weight of the entire HMD 101 is within the permissible range.
  • the HMD 101 of this embodiment preferably has an eye relief E1 of 15 mm or more so that even an observer who wears glasses can wear the HMD 101 .
  • the eye relief is desirably 25 mm or less. That is, the eye relief E1 is 15mm ⁇ E1 ⁇ 25mm (7) conditions should be satisfied.
  • the position of the exit pupil ER1' of the eyepiece optical system OR1 for the right eye that is, the eye relief E1'
  • the output angle of light from the display element is growing.
  • the viewing angle characteristics such as display luminance and display chromaticity are lowered, resulting in a darkened image or inability to observe an image with correct colors.
  • the ray emitted from the right-eye display element (display surface) 108 and passing through the center of the exit pupil ER1 (ER1') of the eyepiece optical system OR1 is defined as the principal ray.
  • the maximum peripheral angle of view in the left-right direction (horizontal direction) is 22.5°.
  • the emission angles of the principal ray emitted from the display surface are 18° and ⁇ 18° at the right and left ends of the display element, respectively.
  • the maximum horizontal peripheral image When the chief ray with an angle of 22.5° emerges from the display surface, the exit angles are 37° and ⁇ 37°, respectively.
  • the emission angle from the display element (display surface) 108 of the principal ray with the maximum peripheral angle of view of 17° in the vertical direction in the front view state is 14°
  • the eyeball the absolute value of the emission angle from the display surface of the principal ray with the maximum peripheral angle of view of 17° in the vertical direction is 29°.
  • the design is such that the principal rays in the front view state, the top view state, and the bottom view state are all tilted to the outside of the display element.
  • the output angle from the display surface is in the normal direction (0°) of the substrate 8 at the center of the display element, and increases approximately linearly with respect to the display angle of view (position of the display element). Also, the radial direction is the direction in which the display element falls outward. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, it is desirable to arrange the microlenses of the display element so that the shift amount ⁇ ML of the microlenses is 0 at the center of the display element and increases toward the ends. In other words, the microlenses and the color filters are arranged so that the amount of shift to the right and left with respect to the position of the light-emitting region (pixel) increases toward the right and left ends in the horizontal direction of the display element. be done.
  • the microlenses and the color filters are arranged such that the amount of upward and downward displacement relative to the light-emitting region increases toward the upper and lower ends of the display element.
  • the characteristics of the right end view state at the horizontal end position of the display element will be described in the examination results of the present embodiment.
  • the light emitted from the display element 108 is affected by the birefringence in the display lenses 104 and 105 and the polarization characteristics of the polarizing plate 110, the phase plates 111 and 113, and the PBS 114. 14 and 17, but may be guided directly to the right eye 102 of the observer without being reflected by the PBS 114, as shown in FIG.
  • This light becomes ghost light.
  • This ghost light is circularly polarized light that has passed through the first phase plate 111 and becomes elliptically polarized light due to birefringence in the display lenses 105 and 104.
  • the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is is tilted with respect to its original direction, transmitted through the PBS 114 and guided to the right eye 102 . Also, even if there is no birefringence in the display lenses 104 and 105, ghost light is generated if the polarization characteristics of the polarizing plate 110, the phase plates 111 and 113 and the PBS 114 are not accurate.
  • the emission angle from the display element (display surface) 108 of the chief ray with the maximum horizontal peripheral angle of view of 22.5° in the front view state is 11°. is tilted in the opposite direction to the normal line of the display surface. Therefore, by shifting the microlenses of the light-emitting element according to the emission angle of the regular principal ray as described above, not only can the viewing angle characteristics be improved, but also the ghost light from the periphery including the edge of the display element can be eliminated. Brightness can be reduced.
  • the eyepiece optical system can satisfy the following formula (8). desirable.
  • the organic EL element emitting white light shown in FIG. Table 1 shows the values of the microlens height h/D, the radius r/D, and the color filter upper surface height L2/D normalized by the inter-pixel pitch D.
  • FIG. 19 shows radiation angle dependence of relative luminance ⁇ L in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1.
  • FIG. Comparative Example 1 has a configuration in which the displacement amount of the microlenses is zero.
  • Example 1 has a configuration in which the microlenses are shifted, and the aperture ratio, ⁇ 1 (angle ⁇ 1), ⁇ 2 (angle ⁇ 2), and the values of A are as shown in Table 2.
  • the direction in which the normal to the display surface of the display element 108 extends is the direction of 0°, and the right side as viewed with the right eye 102 is positive and the left side is negative.
  • the vertical axis represents the relative luminance with the intensity of the radiated light at 0° in Comparative Example 1 being set to 1.
  • the emission intensity decreases as the radiation angle increases, with a peak at 0°, and it decreases to 0.3 at a radiation angle of 37° for normal light in the right end view state.
  • the emitted light intensity is as high as 0.9 at the radiation angle of ⁇ 11° of the ghost light in the front view state. In this way, the emission intensity in the ghost direction is higher than the emission intensity of normal light. This is because, as shown in FIG. 4B, when the displacement amount ⁇ ML of the microlenses is 0, the light is collected in the normal direction of the substrate 8, and the emitted light toward the wide-angle side is reduced. This is because the emission intensity of the ghost light is higher than the intensity.
  • the emission intensity increases as the radiation angle with respect to the radiation direction of the normal light increases, and increases up to 0.85 at the radiation angle of the normal light of 37° in the right end view state.
  • the emission intensity of the regular light can be made higher than the emission intensity in the direction of the ghost.
  • the increase in the emission intensity of regular light is due to the refraction of the light 27 incident on the surface 28, as shown in FIG. 4C.
  • the decrease in the emission intensity of the ghost light is caused by total reflection or refraction toward the wide-angle side that occurs on the surface 29 of the microlens of the adjacent light emitting element, as shown in FIG. 4C.
  • ⁇ 1 of Example 1 shown here is 16.7, which satisfies Expression (5), which is the condition of the deviation amount of the microlenses.
  • Expression (5) which is the condition of the deviation amount of the microlenses.
  • Table 3 shows the emission intensity ⁇ L of normal light and ghost light in Examples 1, 2, and 3 as examples in which the aperture ratio is changed. While the normal light is 0.82 at an aperture ratio of 40%, it is 0.85 at an aperture ratio of 30% and 0.91 at an aperture ratio of 20%. By reducing the aperture ratio in this way, the emission intensity of normal light increases. This is because the ratio of the area X to the area of the light emitting area 17 is increased as shown in FIG. 5A. In other words, it indicates that the light emitted from the light emitting region is emitted in the regular light direction with high efficiency.
  • the emission intensity of ghost light was 0.40 at an aperture ratio of 40%, 0.32 at an aperture ratio of 30%, and 0.22 at an aperture ratio of 20%.
  • the aperture ratio By reducing the aperture ratio in this way, the emission intensity of the ghost light is reduced.
  • This reduction in the emission intensity of the ghost light is caused by the fact that the overlap between the sum of the emission regions Y1 and Y2 of the ghost light and the emission region 17 shown in FIG. 5B becomes smaller. That is, in the polarizing optical system shown in FIG. 14, by reducing the aperture ratio under the condition that the expression (5) is satisfied, it is possible to further increase the normal light and reduce the ghost light.
  • Table 4 shows the color shift ⁇ E of normal light and the emission intensity ⁇ L of ghost light when ⁇ 1 is fixed and ⁇ 2 is changed (when A is changed).
  • Table 4 shows Comparative Example 1 as a reference value.
  • ⁇ E ⁇ ((a ⁇ a0) 2 +(b ⁇ b0) 2 ) (9)
  • the color shift ⁇ E of normal light is reduced by reducing the amount of shift of the color filters. This reduction in color shift is due to blocking of the light 33 emitted to the wide-angle side by adjacent color filters, as shown in FIG. 6B.
  • the color shift ⁇ E of normal light can be reduced compared to the case where the microlens shift amount is zero. That is, by satisfying Expression (6) in addition to the condition satisfying Expression (5), in the polarization optical system shown in FIG. ⁇ E can be reduced.
  • the effects of the polarizing optical system shown in FIG. 14 have been described above.
  • the results of this examination are the results of examination of the angle of the chief ray in the right end view state at the right end of the display element.
  • the maximum display angle of view is 60° or less, the observer can also recognize the peripheral portion of the image when viewed from the front.
  • the deviation amounts of the microlenses and the color filters may be determined on assumption.
  • birefringence in a lens tends to occur when a lens is manufactured by molding a resin material with a mold. Birefringence increases as the difference in cooling increases.
  • the thickness deviation ratio of the display lens 104 having the reflecting surface (half mirror 112) with the highest optical power is large.
  • the thickness deviation ratio in the optically effective area of the display lens 104 is 2.0, and the thickness deviation ratio is preferably 1.5 or more and 4 or less. If the thickness ratio is less than 1.5, the optical power of the display lens 104 is reduced and the radius of curvature or thickness of the display lens 104 is increased. If the optical power of the display lens 104 becomes small, it becomes impossible to widen the angle of view, or it becomes necessary to add a lens with a large optical power, which makes it impossible to make the eyepiece optical system OR1 thinner.
  • the thickness of the display lens 104 increases, it is not possible to reduce the thickness of the eyepiece optical system OR1.
  • the thickness deviation ratio is greater than 4, the birefringence of the display lens 104 becomes too large, increasing the intensity of ghost light.
  • the optical path of regular light and the optical path of ghost light in the eyepiece optical system differ in the number of reflections inside the eyepiece optical system.
  • the thickness L1 of the eyepiece optical system OR1 is the distance from the exit pupil side surface of the PBS 114 to the display element 108
  • the thickness L1 is 13 mm
  • this value is 0.60 ⁇ L1/E1 ⁇ 1.00 (10) It is desirable to satisfy the following conditions. If L1/E1 is less than 0.60, the eye relief becomes too long, the outer diameter of the display lens becomes large, and the HMD 101 also becomes large, which is not preferable. Moreover, since the birefringence of the display lens 104 increases as the outer diameter increases, the intensity of the ghost light increases.
  • the maximum diagonal half angle of view ⁇ 1 of the eyepiece optical system OR1 is 27°.
  • E1 ⁇ tan ⁇ 1 9.2 mm.
  • this value is 8 mm ⁇ E1 ⁇ tan ⁇ 1 ⁇ 20 mm (11) It is desirable to satisfy the following conditions. If E1 ⁇ tan ⁇ 1 is less than 8 mm, the eye relief is too short, giving an oppressive feeling to the observer or making it impossible for an observer wearing eyeglasses to wear the eyeglasses. Also, the display angle of view of the eyepiece optical system is too narrow to observe a realistic and natural image.
  • a polarizing plate may be arranged between the PBS 114 and the exit pupil of each eyepiece optical system in order to reduce ghost light due to external light and increase the contrast of the observed image.
  • the exit pupil side surface of the display lens 104 formed by laminating the second phase plate 113 and the PBS 114 is flat. This is to make the eye relief longer and to make the ocular optical system thinner. If this surface has a concave shape toward the exit pupil, the display lens 104 will be thicker to ensure eye relief at its periphery. Moreover, if this surface has a convex shape toward the exit pupil, the lens becomes thick in order to ensure the thickness of the peripheral portion of the display lens 104 .
  • the first and second phase plates 111 and 113 of this embodiment are wave plates with a phase difference of ⁇ /4. You can shift. At that time, it is desirable that the sum of the phase differences between the lens 104 and the phase plate 113 is 3 ⁇ /20 or more and 7 ⁇ /20 or less. Also, it is desirable that the sum of the phase differences between the lens 105 and the first phase plate 111 is 3 ⁇ /20 or more and 7 ⁇ /20 or less. Outside this range, the intensity of ghost light increases, making natural observation impossible.
  • the conditions expressed by formulas (5) to (7), formulas (10), and formulas (11) described in the present embodiment are the same as in the second embodiment described later.
  • a second half mirror, a third phase plate, a second PBS, and a fourth phase plate may be further arranged between the first phase plate 111 and the half mirror 112 .
  • a convex surface may be additionally formed toward the display element side, and the second half mirror may be provided on the convex surface.
  • the third phase plate or the fourth phase plate may be used as a variable phase plate by electrical signals.
  • the phase difference of the phase plate may be switched so that the half mirror 112 reflects normal light when it is on, and the second half mirror reflects normal light when it is off.
  • it may be used as a foveated display that multiplexes high-resolution images for the central visual field and low-resolution images for the peripheral visual field in a time-division manner.
  • a variable focus lens may be arranged inside or outside the half mirror 112 and the PBS 114 .
  • the variable focus lens can be a glass lens, a polymer lens, a liquid crystal lens, or a combination thereof.
  • the liquid crystal lens may be a Fresnel liquid crystal lens having a segmented parabolic phase shape, a Pancharatnum-Berry Phase lens, or a combination thereof. Multiple Pancharatnum-Berry Phase lenses may be laminated. In addition, a phase plate that can be switched on and off by an electric signal may be additionally disposed on the Pancharatnum-Berry Phase lens, or a plurality of Pancharatnum-Berry Phase lenses and phase plates may be alternately laminated.
  • FIG. 20 shows the configuration of an HMD 201 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Reference numeral 202 indicates the observer's right eye
  • reference numeral 203 indicates the observer's left eye
  • the display lenses 204 and 205 constitute a right eye eyepiece optical system OR2
  • the display lenses 206 and 207 constitute a left eye eyepiece optical system OL2.
  • Each eyepiece optical system is a coaxial optical system composed of two display lenses.
  • the observer's right eye 202 is arranged in the exit pupil ER2 of the right-eye eyepiece optical system OR2
  • the observer's left eye 203 is arranged in the exit pupil EL2 of the left-eye eyepiece optical system OL2.
  • Reference numeral 208 indicates a display element for the right eye
  • reference numeral 209 indicates a display element for the left eye.
  • Each display element is a flat display element, and an organic EL display panel is used in this embodiment.
  • the eyepiece optical systems OR2 and OL2 guide the light from the display elements 208 and 209 to exit pupils ER2 and EL2, respectively, so that an enlarged virtual image of the display image (original image) displayed on the display elements 208 and 209 is presented to the observer. Project to right eye 202 and left eye 203 . Thereby, the observer can observe the display images (virtual images thereof) displayed on the display elements 208 and 209 through the eyepiece optical systems OR2 and OL2.
  • each eyepiece optical system is 13 mm
  • the horizontal display angle is 60°
  • the vertical display angle is 60°
  • the diagonal display angle is 78°.
  • An eye relief E2 which is the distance between the surface closest to the exit pupil in each eyepiece optical system (the exit pupil side surface of the polarization separation element 214 described later) and the exit pupil of each eyepiece optical system, is 20 mm.
  • the right-eye and left-eye eyepiece optical systems OR2 and OL2 in this embodiment are also optical systems that use polarized light to fold the optical path, as in the first embodiment. will be used for explanation.
  • the right-eye eyepiece optical system OR2 includes a polarizing plate 210, a first phase plate 211, a display lens 205, and a display lens arranged in order from the right-eye display element 208 toward the exit pupil ER2. 204 , a second phase plate 213 and a PBS 214 .
  • a half mirror 212 as a transflective surface is formed by vapor deposition on the display element side surface of the display lens 204 .
  • the second phase plate 213 and the PBS 214 are provided so as to be laminated on the exit pupil side surface of the display lens 204 .
  • the polarizing plate 210, the first phase plate 211, the second phase plate 213, and the PBS 214 are all formed in a plate shape.
  • the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light passing through the polarizing plate 210 and the slow axis of the first phase plate 211 are inclined by 45°, and the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light passing through the polarizing plate 210 and the second linearly polarized light pass through the polarizing plate 210 . is inclined -45° from the slow axis of the phase plate 213 of .
  • the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light passing through the polarizing plate 210 and the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light passing through the PBS 214 are orthogonal to each other.
  • the non-polarized light emitted from the right-eye display element 208 passes through the polarizing plate 210 to become linearly polarized light, passes through the first phase plate 211 to become circularly polarized light, and passes through the display lens 205 . Further, the circularly polarized light is transmitted through the half mirror 212, then through the display lens 204, and through the second phase plate 213 to become the first linearly polarized light. Since this first linearly polarized light has a direction of polarization orthogonal to the direction of polarization transmitted through the PBS 214, it is reflected by the PBS 214 and transmitted through the second phase plate 213 to become circularly polarized light.
  • This circularly polarized light passes through the display lens 204, is reflected by the half mirror 212, passes through the display lens 204 again, passes through the second phase plate 213, and becomes second linearly polarized light. Since this second linearly polarized light has a polarization direction that matches the polarization direction transmitted through the PBS 214, it is transmitted through the PBS 214 and guided to the exit pupil ER2 (right eye 202). Light emitted from the left eye display element 209 is similarly guided to the exit pupil EL2 (left eye 203) by the left eye eyepiece optical system OL2.
  • each eyepiece optical system can be made thinner by configuring each eyepiece optical system to fold the optical path using polarized light. By shortening the focal length of the lens, it is possible to observe an image with a wide angle of view.
  • two display lenses are cemented in each eyepiece optical system, and the thickness in the optical axis direction is reduced to 13.5 mm. As described above, 20 mm is ensured as the eye relief E2 of the eyepiece optical system.
  • the main body of the HMD 201 can easily hold the display lenses.
  • the display lenses 204 to 207 are resin lenses, and the display lenses 204 to 207 are aspherical lenses to enhance the aberration correction effect.
  • the half mirror 212 may be provided on the surface of the display lens 205 on the exit pupil side. Even in this case, the surface on which the half mirror is provided is convex toward the display element 208 .
  • the right eye 202 has an eyeball (pupil) facing (looking at) the left and right ends of the display surface of the display element 208.
  • the ray emitted from the right-eye display element (display surface) 208 and passing through the center of the exit pupil ER2 (ER2') of the eyepiece optical system OR2 is defined as the principal ray.
  • the emission angle when the principal ray with the maximum peripheral angle of view of 30° in the left-right direction (horizontal direction) in the front view state is emitted from the display surface is the right edge of the display element. and 23° and ⁇ 23° at the left end, respectively.
  • FIG. 20 the emission angle when the principal ray with the maximum peripheral angle of view of 30° in the left-right direction (horizontal direction) in the front view state is emitted from the display surface is the right edge of the display element. and 23° and ⁇ 23° at the left end, respectively.
  • the exit angles are 47° and ⁇ 47°, respectively.
  • the emission angle of the principal ray with the maximum peripheral angle of view of 30° in the vertical direction in the front view state from the display element (display surface) 208 is 23°
  • the vertical direction in the top end view state and the bottom end view state is 23°
  • the absolute value of the output angle from the display surface of the principal ray with the maximum peripheral angle of view of 30° is 47°.
  • the design is such that the chief rays in the front view state, the top view state, and the bottom view state are all tilted to the outside of the display element. That is, this embodiment satisfies the expression (8).
  • the output angle from the display surface is in the substrate normal direction (0°) at the center of the display element, and increases approximately linearly with the display angle of view. Also, the radial direction is the direction in which the display element 208 falls outward. Therefore, in the arrangement of the microlenses of the display element of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the displacement amount ⁇ ML of the microlenses at the center of the display element is set to 0, and the displacement amount ⁇ ML increases toward the ends. desirable. That is, the microlenses and the color filters are arranged so that the amount of shift to the right and left relative to the position of the light-emitting region (pixel) increases toward the right and left ends in the horizontal direction of the display element. be.
  • the microlenses and the color filters are arranged such that the amount of upward and downward displacement relative to the light emitting region increases toward the upper and lower ends of the display element.
  • the relationship between the maximum angle of view of the display device and the radiation angle of the principal ray is maintained in a substantially linear relationship in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. If the deviation amounts of the microlenses and the color filters are determined so as to optimize the viewing angle characteristics at the left end), the viewing angle characteristics at the upper and lower ends also take approximately optimum values.
  • the characteristics of the right end view state at the horizontal end position of the display element will be described.
  • the emission angle from the display element (display surface) 208 of the chief ray with the maximum horizontal peripheral angle of view of 30° in the front view state is 15°
  • the normal angle shown in FIGS. is inclined in the opposite direction to the normal to the display surface. Therefore, by displacing the microlens with respect to the light-emitting element in accordance with the normal emission angle of the principal ray as described above, not only the viewing angle characteristics can be improved, but also the viewing angle from the peripheral portion including the edge of the display surface. The brightness of ghost light can be reduced.
  • Embodiment 1 a configuration was used in which the organic EL element emitting white light shown in FIG.
  • the height h/D of the microlenses normalized by the inter-pixel pitch D, the radius r/D, and the height L2/D of the upper surface of the color filter are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • Table 5 shows radiation angle dependence of relative luminance ⁇ L between Comparative Example 1 and Example 6.
  • Comparative Example 1 has a configuration in which the displacement amount of the microlenses is zero.
  • Example 6 has a configuration in which the microlenses are shifted, and the values of aperture ratio, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and A are as shown in Table 5.
  • FIG. 19 showing the values in Table 5 and the results of Example 1, in Comparative Example 1, the emission intensity decreased as the emission angle increased with the peak at 0°, and the emission angle of normal light in the right end view state was 47°. , down to 0.09.
  • the emission intensity is as high as 0.82. In this way, the emission intensity in the ghost direction is higher than the emission intensity of normal light.
  • the emission intensity increases as the emission direction of the regular light increases, and increases to 0.65 at the emission angle of the regular light of 47° in the right end view state.
  • the emission angle of ⁇ 15° of the ghost light in the front view state it drops significantly to 0.23.
  • the emission intensity of the regular light can be made higher than the emission intensity in the direction of the ghost.
  • the increase in the emission intensity of regular light is due to the refraction of the light 27 incident on the surface 28, as shown in FIG. 4C.
  • the decrease in the emission intensity of the ghost light is caused by total reflection or refraction toward the wide-angle side that occurs on the surface 29 of the microlens of the adjacent light emitting element, as shown in FIG.
  • Example 6 shown here is 16.7, which satisfies Expression (5), which is the condition of the displacement amount of the microlenses.
  • Expression (5) which is the condition of the displacement amount of the microlenses.
  • Table 6 shows the emission intensity ⁇ L of normal light and ghost light in Examples 6 to 8 as examples in which the aperture ratio is changed. While the normal light is 0.71 at an aperture ratio of 40%, it is 0.75 at an aperture ratio of 30% and 0.94 at an aperture ratio of 20%. By reducing the aperture ratio in this way, the emission intensity of normal light increases. This is because the ratio of the area X to the area of the light emitting area 17 is increased as shown in FIG. 5A. In other words, it indicates that the light emitted from the light emitting region 17 is emitted with high efficiency in the regular light direction.
  • the emission intensity of ghost light was 0.30 at an aperture ratio of 40%, 0.27 at an aperture ratio of 30%, and 0.17 at an aperture ratio of 20%. It was found that the emission intensity of ghost light is reduced by reducing the aperture ratio in this manner. This reduction in the emission intensity of the ghost light is caused by the fact that the overlap between the sum of the emission regions Y1 and Y2 of the ghost light and the emission region 17 shown in FIG. 5B becomes smaller. That is, in the polarizing optical systems shown in FIGS. 20 to 22, by reducing the aperture ratio under the condition that expression (5) is satisfied, it is possible to further increase normal light and reduce ghost light. In order to increase regular light and reduce ghost light, it is desirable to set the aperture ratio to 52% or less.
  • Table 7 shows the effect of the displacement amount ⁇ CF of the color filters.
  • Table 7 shows the color shift ⁇ E of normal light and the emission intensity ⁇ L of ghost light when ⁇ 1 is fixed and ⁇ 2 is changed (when A is changed).
  • Comparative Example 1 is shown as a reference value.
  • the maximum display angle of view is greater than 60°, the angle of view is wide, so it is difficult for the observer to recognize the peripheral portion of the image when viewed from the front. Therefore, it is preferable to determine the shift amount of the color filter by assuming the emission angle from the display surface of the principal ray in the viewing direction when viewing the periphery of the image instead of viewing the image from the front.
  • the edge of the display element may block the light, so it is not always necessary to match the edge.
  • the eyepiece optical system OR2 for the right eye has a wide angle of view and is thin, so the thickness deviation ratio of the display lens 204 having the reflecting surface (half mirror 212) with the highest optical power is large. Since the display lenses 204 and 205 are cemented, the radius of curvature of the cemented surface of the display lens 205 with the display lens 204 is short, and the thickness deviation ratio of the display lens 205 is also large. In this embodiment, the thickness deviation ratio in the optically effective area of the display lens 204 is 3.6, and the thickness deviation ratio in the optically effective area of the display lens 205 is 2.8. As explained in the first embodiment, it is desirable that these uneven thickness ratios be 1.5 or more and 4 or less.
  • the thickness L2 of the eyepiece optical system OR2 for the right eye is the distance from the surface of the PBS 214 on the right eye 202 side of the observer to the display element 208 for the right eye, the thickness L2 is 13.5 mm.
  • the ratio of L2 to eye relief E2, L2/E2, is 0.68. This value is desirably 0.6 or more and 1 or less in order to achieve both an appropriate eye relief length and a thin eyepiece optical system.
  • the eye relief E2 of the eyepiece optical system OR2 for the right eye is 20 mm, and the maximum diagonal half angle of view ⁇ 2 is 39°.
  • E2 ⁇ tan ⁇ 2 16.2 mm, which satisfies the condition of formula (11).
  • the thickness deviation ratio L2/E2 and E2 ⁇ tan ⁇ 2 are the same for the eyepiece optical system OL2 for the left eye.
  • a polarizing plate may be arranged between the PBS 214 and the exit pupil of each eyepiece optical system in order to reduce ghost light due to external light and increase the contrast of an image to be observed.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an eyepiece optical system of the HMD 301.
  • reference numeral 302 denotes the right eye of the observer
  • reference numeral 303 denotes the left eye of the observer
  • reference numeral 304 denotes the eyepiece optical system for the right eye
  • reference numeral 305 denotes the eyepiece optical system for the left eye
  • reference numeral 306 denotes the image display device for the right eye
  • reference numeral 307 denote an image display element for the left eye, respectively.
  • the right-eye eyepiece optical system 304 enlarges and projects the original image displayed on the right-eye image display element 306 and guides it to the observer's right eye 302, and the left-eye eyepiece optical system 305 displays the image for the left eye.
  • the original image displayed on the element 307 is enlarged and projected and guided to the observer's left eye 303 .
  • the right eye eyepiece optical system 304 and the left eye eyepiece optical system 305 have a horizontal display angle of view of 40°, a vertical display angle of view of 30°, and a diagonal display angle of view of 50°.
  • the eyepiece optical system of this embodiment uses a decentered reflecting surface to fold the optical path, thereby reducing the thickness of the optical system.
  • the eyepiece optical system 304 for the right eye is composed of a transparent body filled with an optical medium having a refractive index greater than 1, such as glass or plastic. The same applies to the eyepiece optical system for the left eye.
  • a light beam from the right eye image display element 306 is reflected twice in the right eye eyepiece optical system 304 and guided to the right eye 302 . Since the exit surface to the eyeball in the eyepiece optical system 304 for the right eye is an optical surface having reflection and transmission effects, the reflection is desirably internal total reflection in order to eliminate the loss of the amount of light. In addition, by making the surfaces constituting the eyepiece optical system 304 for the right eye into a free curved surface shape, the degree of freedom in decentration aberration correction increases, and image display with good image quality becomes possible. The same applies to the eyepiece optical system 305 for the left eye.
  • the eyepiece optical system of this embodiment also has a large output angle from the image display element at the peripheral angle of view, and the viewing angle characteristic deteriorates at the peripheral area, resulting in a decrease in luminance or an incorrect angle of view. There is concern that color images cannot be observed.
  • the emission angle of the principal ray with the maximum peripheral angle of view of 20° in the horizontal direction from the image display element is 20°.
  • the emission angle from the image display element of the chief ray with the maximum peripheral angle of view of 20° in the horizontal direction is 30°.
  • the principal ray is a ray that passes through the center of the exit pupil of the eyepiece optical system.
  • the emission angle of the principal ray with the maximum peripheral angle of view of 15° in the vertical direction from the image display element is 15°.
  • the emission angle from the image display device of the principal ray with the maximum peripheral angle of view of 15° in the vertical direction is 22.5°.
  • the design is such that the principal rays of the front view state, the right end view state, the left end view state, the top end view state, and the bottom end view state all fall outside the display element.
  • the output angle from the display surface is in the normal direction (0°) of the substrate 8 at the center of the display element, and increases approximately linearly with the display angle of view.
  • the radial direction is the direction in which the display element falls to the outside. Therefore, in the arrangement of the microlenses of the display element of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the displacement amount ⁇ ML of the microlenses at the center of the display element is set to 0, and the displacement amount ⁇ ML increases toward the ends. desirable. That is, the microlenses and the color filters are arranged so that the amount of shift to the right and left relative to the position of the light-emitting region (pixel) increases toward the right and left ends in the horizontal direction of the display element. be. Similarly, the microlenses and the color filters are arranged so that the amount of displacement to the upper and lower sides of the light-emitting region increases toward the upper and lower ends of the display element.
  • the relationship between the maximum angle of view of the display device and the radiation angle of the principal ray maintains a generally linear relationship between the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. If the deviation amounts of the microlenses and the color filters are determined so as to optimize the viewing angle characteristics in the terminal state, the viewing angle characteristics at the horizontal end also take approximately optimum values.
  • the characteristics of the display element when viewed from the bottom in the vertical direction will be described.
  • ghost light is generated along the optical paths as shown in FIGS. 27A and 27B.
  • the optical path of ghost light from the upper end of the image display element is shown in FIG. 27A
  • the optical path of ghost light from the lower end of the image display element is shown in FIG. 27B.
  • the exit angle ⁇ 3 of the principal ray from the upper end of the image display element 306 is ⁇ 28° when the observer is looking straight ahead.
  • the exit angle ⁇ 3 of the principal ray from the lower end of the image display element when the observer is looking at the front is ⁇ 34°. That is, this embodiment satisfies the expression (8).
  • the effect obtained by combining the display element of this embodiment and the eyepiece optical system will be described.
  • the characteristics of the bottom end view state in the vertical position of the display element will be described.
  • the organic EL element emitting white light shown in FIG. The height h/D of the microlenses normalized by the inter-pixel pitch D, the radius r/D, and the height L2/D of the upper surface of the color filter are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • Table 8 shows radiation angle dependence of relative luminance ⁇ L between Comparative Example 1 and Example 11.
  • Comparative Example 1 has a configuration in which the displacement amount of the microlenses is zero.
  • Example 11 has a structure in which the microlenses are shifted, and the values of aperture ratio, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and A are as shown in Table 8.
  • FIG. 19 showing the values in Table 8 and the results of Example 1, in Comparative Example 1, the emission intensity decreases as the emission angle increases, with a peak at 0°. At 5° it drops to 0.6. On the other hand, it is as high as 0.47 at the radiation angle of ⁇ 34° of the ghost light in the front view state.
  • the emission intensity increases as the emission direction of the regular light increases, and increases to 1.0 at the emission angle of the regular light of 22.5° in the right end view state.
  • the emission angle of ⁇ 34° of the ghost light in the front view state it drops significantly to 0.23.
  • the emission intensity of the regular light can be made higher than the emission intensity in the direction of the ghost.
  • the increase in the emission intensity of regular light is due to the refraction of the light 27 incident on the surface 28, as shown in FIG. 4C.
  • the decrease in the emission intensity of the ghost light is caused by total reflection or refraction toward the wide-angle side occurring on the surface 29 of the microlens of the adjacent light emitting element, as shown in FIG.
  • ⁇ 1 of the eleventh embodiment shown here is 11.3, which satisfies the formula (5) which is the condition of the deviation amount of the microlenses.
  • the emission intensity ⁇ L of the normal light is increased, and at the same time, the ghost light is reduced. can be suppressed.
  • Table 9 shows the emission intensity ⁇ L of normal light and ghost light in Examples 11 to 13 with different aperture ratios. While the normal light is 0.93 at an aperture ratio of 40%, it is 0.94 at an aperture ratio of 30% and 1.00 at an aperture ratio of 20%. By reducing the aperture ratio in this way, the emission intensity of normal light increases. This is because the ratio of the area X to the area of the light emitting area 17 is increased as shown in FIG. 5A. In other words, it indicates that the light emitted from the light emitting region is emitted in the regular light direction with high efficiency.
  • the emission intensity of ghost light was 0.31 at an aperture ratio of 40%, 0.23 at an aperture ratio of 30%, and 0.16 at an aperture ratio of 20%. It was found that the emission intensity of ghost light is reduced by reducing the aperture ratio in this manner. This reduction in the emission intensity of the ghost light is caused by the fact that the overlap between the sum of the emission regions Y1 and Y2 of the ghost light and the emission region 17 shown in FIG. 5B becomes smaller. That is, in the free-form surface prisms shown in FIGS. 24 to 26, by reducing the aperture ratio under the condition that the expression (5) is satisfied, the regular light can be increased and the ghost light can be reduced.
  • Table 10 shows the effect of the displacement amount ⁇ CF of the color filters.
  • Table 10 shows the color shift ⁇ E of normal light and the emission intensity ⁇ L of ghost light when ⁇ 1 is fixed and ⁇ 2 is changed (when A is changed).
  • Table 10 also shows Comparative Example 1 as a reference value.
  • the color shift ⁇ E of normal light is reduced by reducing the amount of shift of the color filters.
  • the color shift ⁇ E is smaller than that of Comparative Example 1. This reduction in color shift is due to blocking of the light 33 emitted to the wide-angle side by adjacent color filters, as shown in FIG. 6B.
  • the viewing angle characteristics such as brightness and color shift in the peripheral portion of the image observed by the eyepiece optical system using the free-form surface prism are improved. while ghost light can be reduced.
  • the free-form surface prism of the eyepiece optical system of the above embodiment is an optical system that does not have an intermediate imaging surface, it may be an optical system that has an intermediate imaging surface.
  • a free-form prism may also be used as an optical element that couples the display surface of the display element to the waveguide combiner.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
PCT/JP2022/014130 2021-04-15 2022-03-24 画像観察装置 Ceased WO2022220053A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020237034490A KR102780294B1 (ko) 2021-04-15 2022-03-24 화상관찰 장치
KR1020257007618A KR20250040745A (ko) 2021-04-15 2022-03-24 화상관찰 장치
CN202280028587.XA CN117222935A (zh) 2021-04-15 2022-03-24 图像观察设备
BR112023020385A BR112023020385A2 (pt) 2021-04-15 2022-03-24 Aparelho de observação de imagem
EP22787978.0A EP4325280A4 (en) 2021-04-15 2022-03-24 IMAGE OBSERVATION DEVICE
US18/477,623 US20240032406A1 (en) 2021-04-15 2023-09-29 Image observation apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2021-069268 2021-04-15
JP2021069268A JP7482076B2 (ja) 2021-04-15 2021-04-15 画像観察装置

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US18/477,623 Continuation US20240032406A1 (en) 2021-04-15 2023-09-29 Image observation apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022220053A1 true WO2022220053A1 (ja) 2022-10-20

Family

ID=83640593

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2022/014130 Ceased WO2022220053A1 (ja) 2021-04-15 2022-03-24 画像観察装置

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20240032406A1 (https=)
EP (1) EP4325280A4 (https=)
JP (3) JP7482076B2 (https=)
KR (2) KR20250040745A (https=)
CN (1) CN117222935A (https=)
BR (1) BR112023020385A2 (https=)
WO (1) WO2022220053A1 (https=)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024103351A1 (zh) * 2022-11-17 2024-05-23 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板及显示装置
EP4383984A1 (en) * 2022-12-07 2024-06-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Semiconductor device, display device, photoelectric conversion device, electronic apparatus, illumination device, moving body, wearable device, and manufacturing method of semiconductor device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118678819A (zh) * 2024-05-30 2024-09-20 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示基板及其制备方法和显示装置

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10228245A (ja) * 1997-02-13 1998-08-25 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 映像表示装置
JPH11142783A (ja) * 1997-11-12 1999-05-28 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 画像表示装置
JP2015172616A (ja) * 2014-03-11 2015-10-01 パナソニック株式会社 ディスプレイ装置
JP2019053152A (ja) 2017-09-14 2019-04-04 セイコーエプソン株式会社 虚像表示装置
JP2019061198A (ja) 2017-09-28 2019-04-18 セイコーエプソン株式会社 虚像表示装置
JP2020095205A (ja) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-18 キヤノン株式会社 画像表示装置、及び、接眼光学系
JP2020184478A (ja) * 2019-05-09 2020-11-12 セイコーエプソン株式会社 表示装置、および電子機器
JP2021069268A (ja) 2019-10-18 2021-04-30 株式会社神戸製鋼所 アキシャルギャップ型回転電機およびその製造方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003098471A (ja) * 2001-09-25 2003-04-03 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 頭部装着型映像表示装置
DE102012205164B4 (de) * 2012-03-29 2021-09-09 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Projektionsdisplay und Verfahren zur Projektion virtueller Bilder
WO2015072427A1 (ja) * 2013-11-14 2015-05-21 オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 内視鏡用撮像装置
US10761327B2 (en) * 2015-11-18 2020-09-01 Facebook Technologies, Llc Directed display architecture
JP6688807B2 (ja) * 2016-06-09 2020-04-28 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー 光学系
KR102300559B1 (ko) 2017-11-27 2021-09-13 삼성전자주식회사 메모리 장치 및 그 동작 방법
JP7057147B2 (ja) * 2018-01-31 2022-04-19 ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 発光素子及び表示装置
US12279476B2 (en) * 2019-07-12 2025-04-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Light emitting device, exposure system, imaging display device, imaging device, electronic device, and lighting device
CN112305763A (zh) * 2020-10-26 2021-02-02 深圳惠牛科技有限公司 降低鬼影的显示光学系统及头戴显示装置

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10228245A (ja) * 1997-02-13 1998-08-25 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 映像表示装置
JPH11142783A (ja) * 1997-11-12 1999-05-28 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 画像表示装置
JP2015172616A (ja) * 2014-03-11 2015-10-01 パナソニック株式会社 ディスプレイ装置
JP2019053152A (ja) 2017-09-14 2019-04-04 セイコーエプソン株式会社 虚像表示装置
JP2019061198A (ja) 2017-09-28 2019-04-18 セイコーエプソン株式会社 虚像表示装置
JP2020095205A (ja) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-18 キヤノン株式会社 画像表示装置、及び、接眼光学系
JP2020184478A (ja) * 2019-05-09 2020-11-12 セイコーエプソン株式会社 表示装置、および電子機器
JP2021069268A (ja) 2019-10-18 2021-04-30 株式会社神戸製鋼所 アキシャルギャップ型回転電機およびその製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP4325280A4

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024103351A1 (zh) * 2022-11-17 2024-05-23 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板及显示装置
EP4383984A1 (en) * 2022-12-07 2024-06-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Semiconductor device, display device, photoelectric conversion device, electronic apparatus, illumination device, moving body, wearable device, and manufacturing method of semiconductor device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN117222935A (zh) 2023-12-12
EP4325280A1 (en) 2024-02-21
EP4325280A4 (en) 2025-04-09
US20240032406A1 (en) 2024-01-25
JP2025138778A (ja) 2025-09-25
JP2022164051A (ja) 2022-10-27
KR20230154987A (ko) 2023-11-09
JP2024102177A (ja) 2024-07-30
BR112023020385A2 (pt) 2023-11-28
KR20250040745A (ko) 2025-03-24
JP7482076B2 (ja) 2024-05-13
KR102780294B1 (ko) 2025-03-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP7516071B2 (ja) 有機発光装置、表示装置、電子機器、照明装置、移動体
JP7581011B2 (ja) 発光装置、表示装置、撮像装置、及び、電子機器
JP7693299B2 (ja) 表示装置、光電変換装置、および電子機器
US20240032406A1 (en) Image observation apparatus
JP7815488B2 (ja) 発光装置、表示装置、電子機器、照明装置、移動体
US20240122044A1 (en) Light emitting device, display device, photoelectric conversion device, and electronic apparatus
JP7663548B2 (ja) 発光装置、表示装置、光電変換装置および電子機器
KR102951040B1 (ko) 발광 장치, 광전 변환장치, 전자 기기, 조명 장치 및 이동체
JP7771225B2 (ja) 発光装置、表示装置、電子機器、照明装置、移動体
US20250311601A1 (en) Light-emitting apparatus, display apparatus, photoelectric-conversion apparatus, and electronic equipment
JP2024109028A (ja) 発光装置、光電変換装置、電子機器、照明装置及び移動体
JP2025157122A (ja) 発光装置、表示装置、光電変換装置および電子機器
JP2025111246A (ja) 発光装置、画像形成装置、表示装置、光電変換装置、および、電子機器

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22787978

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 20237034490

Country of ref document: KR

Kind code of ref document: A

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: BR

Ref legal event code: B01A

Ref document number: 112023020385

Country of ref document: BR

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 202347067831

Country of ref document: IN

Ref document number: 1020237034490

Country of ref document: KR

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 202280028587.X

Country of ref document: CN

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2022787978

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2022787978

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20231115

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 112023020385

Country of ref document: BR

Kind code of ref document: A2

Effective date: 20231003

WWD Wipo information: divisional of initial pct application

Ref document number: 1020257007618

Country of ref document: KR

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1020257007618

Country of ref document: KR