WO2022218154A1 - 电热膜 - Google Patents

电热膜 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022218154A1
WO2022218154A1 PCT/CN2022/083940 CN2022083940W WO2022218154A1 WO 2022218154 A1 WO2022218154 A1 WO 2022218154A1 CN 2022083940 W CN2022083940 W CN 2022083940W WO 2022218154 A1 WO2022218154 A1 WO 2022218154A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating
insulating layer
layer
conductive
strip
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PCT/CN2022/083940
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周文舟
周银妹
胡锦骊
丁静
陈�光
黄珍丽
Original Assignee
常州长青科技股份有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202110399341.0A external-priority patent/CN113163531A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110399334.0A external-priority patent/CN113163530A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110415108.7A external-priority patent/CN113015275A/zh
Application filed by 常州长青科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 常州长青科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2022218154A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022218154A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electric heating films, in particular to an electric heating film used in electric heating and heating systems for floors, walls, ceilings, seats, vehicle floors and the like.
  • the electric heating film in the electric heating heating system is a kind of film product that can generate heat after being electrified.
  • the electric heating film sends heat into the space in the form of radiation, making the human body feel warm, and its comprehensive effect is better than the traditional convection heating method.
  • the heating and heating system is usually composed of a power supply, a thermostat, a connector, an insulating layer, an electric heating film and a finishing layer.
  • the power supply is connected to the electric heating film through the wire, and the electric energy is converted into heat energy.
  • the ground electric heating heating system is not only suitable for the north, but also suitable for areas without heating facilities in winter.
  • Electric heating films are not only widely used in heating and heating systems of civil buildings such as residences, schools, shops, hospitals and office buildings, but also widely used in heating and heating systems of industrial buildings such as factories and warehouses. Now it is also applied to the floor or wall panel heating and heating system of rail vehicles and the fields of road snow melting.
  • the electric heating film has broad application prospects. Because the electric heating film is in the shape of a surface, the heat dissipation speed of each part is different, so the phenomenon that the central part is overheated and the surrounding temperature is low is common, which is easy to reduce the high temperature life of the central part or even burn it.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric heating film with a simple structure and uniform temperature distribution of the electric heating film, which is beneficial to prolong the service life and improve the safety of use.
  • an electric heating film which includes an outer cladding layer, a heating core layer and an electrical connection sheet assembly.
  • the cladding outer layer is composed of an upper insulating layer and a lower insulating layer
  • the heating core layer is clad by the cladding outer layer, and is located between the upper insulating layer and the lower insulating layer of the cladding outer layer.
  • the heating core layer is composed of conductive heating strips
  • the head and tail of the conductive heating strip are respectively provided with a positive connection part and a negative connection part
  • the part between the positive connection part and the negative connection part of the conductive heating strip is the heating part.
  • the electrical connecting piece assembly includes a positive electrical connecting piece and a negative electrical connecting piece. Both the positive electrode electrical connection piece and the negative electrode electrical connection piece are made of metal conductive materials.
  • the positive electrode electrical connection piece is fixedly and electrically connected to the outer cladding layer, and is electrically connected to the positive electrode connection part.
  • the negative electrode electrical connection piece is fixedly connected to the outer cladding layer, and is electrically connected to the negative electrode connection part.
  • the conductive cross-sectional area of the heating part is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside, and the temperature of the heating surface can be uniform with different distances.
  • the conductive heating strip of the heating core layer is made of metal material, and the conductive heating strip is made of metal foil compounded on the lower insulating layer covering the outer layer by printing and etching method.
  • the heating part includes an inner heating part, an inner ring heating part and an outer ring heating part.
  • the inner heating part, the inner ring heating part and the outer ring heating part are connected in parallel on the positive connection part and the negative connection part.
  • the inner heating part, the inner ring heating part and the outer ring heating part are arranged sequentially from inside to outside, the inner ring heating part is arranged around the inner heating part, and the outer ring heating part is arranged around the inner ring heating part.
  • the conductive cross-sectional areas of the inner heating part, the inner ring heating part and the outer ring heating part are arranged to gradually increase.
  • the heating core layer is composed of two conductive heating strips, and the two conductive heating strips are called the first conductive heating strip and the second conductive heating strip respectively according to their different front and rear positions .
  • the head and tail of the first conductive heating strip are respectively provided with a positive connection part and a negative connection part, one end of the second conductive heating strip is provided with a second positive connection part, and the other end is electrically connected with the negative connection part of the first conductive heating strip .
  • the positive electrode connection part, the second positive electrode connection part and the negative electrode connection part are sequentially arranged on the front left part of the electric heating film from front to back.
  • the part between the positive connection part and the negative connection part of the two conductive heating strips is a heating part.
  • Two conductive heating strips can work at the same time to increase the heating speed, and can also be used alone, and the other strip is used as a backup.
  • the heating parts of the first conductive heating strip and the second conductive heating strip are parallel to each other in the front and rear directions.
  • the setting is gradually reduced, that is, the distance between the two adjacent heating parts in the middle of the first conductive heating strip in the front-rear direction is greater than the distance between the two heating parts and the heating parts of the second conductive heating strip adjacent to each other outside.
  • the distance between the heating part in the middle of the first conductive heating strip and the heating part of the second conductive heating strip adjacent to the outer side is greater than the heating part of the second conductive heating strip and the heating part adjacent to the outer side of the second conductive heating strip itself. distance between parts.
  • the distance between the parallel parts of the heating parts of the first conductive heating strip and the second conductive heating strip is always the same, and the adjacent two sections of the first conductive heating strip and the second conductive heating strip are The distance d1 between the center lines of the mutually parallel heating parts of the two conductive heating strips is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside as a whole.
  • an adhesive layer is also included, the adhesive layer is bonded and fixed on the lower side of the lower insulating layer, and a release paper is provided on the lower side of the adhesive layer.
  • the outer cladding layer further includes a third insulating layer.
  • the heating core layer is composed of two conductive heating strips, and the two conductive heating strips are respectively called upper conductive heating strips and lower conductive heating strips according to their upper and lower positions.
  • the head and tail of the upper conductive heating strip are respectively provided with a positive connection part and a negative connection part.
  • the part between the positive connection part and the negative connection part of the upper conductive heating strip is the heating part.
  • the heat-generating parts are arranged in an S shape, and the distance d2 between adjacent parts of the heat-generating parts that are parallel to each other in the front-rear direction is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside.
  • the upper insulating layer is fixed on the lower insulating layer and the heating core layer by hot-melt adhesive thermocompression bonding, so that the upper heating core layer of the heating core layer is wrapped between the upper insulating layer and the lower insulating layer.
  • Two conductive heating strips can work at the same time to increase the heating speed, and can also be used alone, and the other strip is used as a backup.
  • the head and tail of the lower conductive heating strip are respectively provided with a second positive electrode connection part and a second negative electrode connection part.
  • the part between the second positive electrode connection part and the second negative electrode connection part of the lower conductive heating strip is a heating part.
  • the heat-generating parts are arranged in an S-shape, and the spacing between adjacent parts of the heat-generating parts that are parallel to each other in the front-rear direction is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside.
  • the position of the second negative electrode connecting part and the heating part of the lower conductive heating strip in the up-down direction corresponds to the position of the negative electrode connecting part and the heating part of the upper conductive heating strip.
  • the third insulating layer is fixed on the lower side of the lower insulating layer and the lower heating core layer by hot-melt adhesive, so that the lower heating core layer of the heating core layer is wrapped between the third insulating layer and the lower insulating layer.
  • the electrical connection piece assembly also includes a second positive electrical connection piece.
  • the positive electrode electrical connection piece is fixed and electrically connected to the positive electrode connecting portion covered by the upper insulating layer and the lower insulating layer.
  • the second positive electrode electrical connection piece is fixed and electrically connected to the lower insulating layer and the portion of the second positive electrode connecting portion covered by the third insulating layer.
  • the negative electrode is electrically connected, fixed and electrically connected to the part of the negative electrode connecting part covered by the upper insulating layer and the lower insulating layer and the part of the second negative electrode connecting part covered by the lower insulating layer and the third insulating layer.
  • an electric heating film comprising an outer cladding layer, a heating core layer and an electrical connecting sheet assembly.
  • the cladding outer layer is composed of an upper insulating layer and a lower insulating layer
  • the heating core layer is clad by the cladding outer layer, and is located between the upper insulating layer and the lower insulating layer of the cladding outer layer.
  • the heating core layer is composed of conductive heating strips
  • the head and tail of the conductive heating strip are respectively provided with a positive connection part and a negative connection part
  • the part between the positive connection part and the negative connection part of the conductive heating strip is the heating part.
  • the electrical connecting piece assembly includes a positive electrical connecting piece and a negative electrical connecting piece. Both the positive electrode electrical connection piece and the negative electrode electrical connection piece are made of metal conductive materials.
  • the positive electrode electrical connection piece is fixedly and electrically connected to the outer cladding layer, and is electrically connected to the positive electrode connection part.
  • the negative electrode electrical connection piece is fixedly connected to the outer cladding layer, and is electrically connected to the negative electrode connection part.
  • the distance between adjacent parts of the heating parts that are parallel to each other is gradually increased from the inside to the outside, which can match the conductive cross-sectional areas of different heating parts to achieve uniform heating surface temperature.
  • the heating core layer is composed of two conductive heating strips.
  • Conductive heating strip The head and tail of the first conductive heating strip are respectively provided with a positive connection part and a negative connection part, one end of the second conductive heating strip is provided with a second positive connection part, and the other end is electrically connected with the negative connection part of the first conductive heating strip .
  • the positive electrode connection part, the second positive electrode connection part and the negative electrode connection part are sequentially arranged on the front left part of the electric heating film from front to back.
  • the part between the positive connection part and the negative connection part of the two conductive heating strips is a heating part.
  • an upper shielding layer is also included.
  • the outer cladding also includes a fourth insulating layer.
  • the heating core layer is wrapped between the fourth insulating layer and the lower insulating layer.
  • the upper shielding layer is wrapped between the upper insulating layer and the fourth insulating layer.
  • the positive electrode electrical connection piece is electrically connected to the portion of the positive electrode connection portion covered by the fourth insulating layer and the lower insulating layer.
  • the negative electrode electrical connection piece is electrically connected on the part of the upper shielding layer covered by the upper insulating layer and the fourth insulating layer and on the part of the negative electrode connecting part covered by the fourth insulating layer and the lower insulating layer.
  • a lower shielding layer is also included.
  • the outer cladding also includes a fifth insulating layer.
  • the lower shielding layer is wrapped between the fifth insulating layer and the lower insulating layer.
  • the negative electrode electrical connection piece is electrically connected on the upper insulating layer and the upper shielding layer covered by the fourth insulating layer, on the negative electrode connecting portion covered by the fourth insulating layer and the lower insulating layer, and on the lower insulating layer and the fifth insulating layer. layer on the corresponding part of the lower shielding layer cladding.
  • the conductive heating strip of the heating core layer is made of metal material
  • the conductive heating strip is made of metal foil compounded on the lower insulating layer covering the outer layer by printing and etching method.
  • the electrothermal film of the present invention has a simple structure, breaks through the traditional method of uniform distribution and arrangement, and adopts a brand-new design concept. According to the use environment of the electric heating film and the heat transfer and heat dissipation of the heated surface (floor, wallboard, etc.), adjust the power density distribution of the electric heating film (adjust the spacing of the heating part or the conductive cross-sectional area of the heating part), when the heat transfer and heat dissipation are faster In the case of heating, the temperature of the heated surface presents a large gradient, the central temperature of the electric heating film is high, and the peripheral temperature is low. Excessive temperature, prolong service life and use safety.
  • the electric heating film (such as carbon crystal electric heating film) used in traditional civil buildings, generally, its power will decline greatly in about 3 to 5 years, and the service life is mostly about 10-15 years.
  • the general design life of 30 years is therefore not suitable for rail vehicles.
  • the heating core layer of the electrothermal film of the present invention is made of metal material, and the metal resistance is energized to generate heat, the electrical performance is stable and reliable in all aspects, the power attenuation is small, and the design life can reach more than 35 years, which is suitable for the heating and heating system of rail vehicles.
  • the heating core layer of the electrothermal film of the present invention is made of metal material, and it generates heat by energizing with metal resistance, which is purely resistive and has a heating efficiency of more than 99%. Moreover, the metal resistivity has a positive temperature coefficient. When the temperature of the electric heating film rises to a certain level, the resistance increases and the power decreases, which limits the further rise of the temperature of the electric heating film and quickly reaches the equilibrium state. Therefore, the metal electric heating film of the present invention has a certain Self-limiting temperature characteristics, the use of safety is greatly improved.
  • the electric heating film (such as carbon crystal electric heating film) used in traditional civil buildings, generally, its power will decline greatly in about 3 to 5 years, and the service life is mostly about 10-15 years, while the general design of rail vehicles With a lifespan of 30 years, it is not suitable for rail vehicles.
  • the heating core layer of the electrothermal film of the present invention is made of metal material, and the metal resistance is energized to generate heat, the electrical performance is stable and reliable in all aspects, the power attenuation is small, and the design life can reach more than 30 years, which is suitable for the heating and heating system of rail vehicles.
  • the heating part of the metal electric heating film of the electric heating film of the present invention adopts a serpentine S distribution mode, and the current directions of the parallel parts of the adjacent metal strips are opposite. According to the right-hand spiral rule, the magnetic field generated by the metal strips on the metal electric heating film They will cancel each other out, reduce the interference to other equipment on the rail vehicle, and further improve the reliability of use.
  • the electric heating film described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention achieves uniform temperature distribution by changing the spacing between adjacent parts of the heating parts that are parallel to each other, the heat dissipation in the middle part is slow, the spacing between the heating parts is large, the calorific value is small, and the external heat can be Radiation to the inside to ensure that the central part reaches the set temperature; the surrounding heat dissipation is fast, the distance between the heating parts is small, and the heat generation is large, part of the heat is radiated to the inside to ensure the inner temperature, and part of the heat is radiated to the outer periphery, so as to ensure that the outer periphery reaches the set temperature.
  • the temperature distribution of the entire electrothermal film is relatively uniform, and the temperature difference is within 5°C.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention realizes uniform temperature distribution by changing the conductive cross-sectional area and spacing between the adjacent parts of the heating parts that are parallel to each other. ;
  • the surrounding heat is large, reduce the heating area to ensure the surrounding temperature, and the temperature difference is within 5 °C.
  • the electric heating film described in Embodiment 3 of the present invention realizes the overall temperature uniform distribution through the three parallel heating parts, the heat generation in the middle part is small, and the heat radiated to the middle through the inner ring heating part reaches the set temperature, and the outer heat generation part reaches the set temperature.
  • the ring heating part dissipates heat quickly to the outside, and the inner ring heating part radiates to the outer ring heating part, so that the outer ring heating part maintains the set temperature, so that the temperature of the whole electric heating film is kept uniform, and the temperature difference is within 5 °C.
  • the reliability of use is greatly improved.
  • the three parallel heating parts generate heat independently of each other. If they are damaged, other parts can continue to work, which has an emergency effect.
  • the electric heating film of the present invention adopts two or three heating loops. When a problem occurs along the way, the rest can continue to work and dissipate heat without causing a significant drop in temperature, which is especially suitable for long-distance motor vehicles. Provide ample time.
  • the electric heating film of the present invention is arranged in a structure in which the distance between the parallel parts of the heating parts of the first conductive heating strip and the second conductive heating strip is always kept constant, and when starting to work, two channels can be turned on at the same time, Make the electric heating film quickly heat up to the set temperature, then close all the way, and keep the one way to continue working.
  • the two heat-generating parts are treated as a whole, and the distance between the adjacent parts parallel to each other realizes the uniform distribution of temperature.
  • the heat dissipation in the middle part is slow, the heat-generating part spacing is large, and the heat generation is small.
  • the surrounding heat dissipation is fast, the distance between the heating parts is small, and the calorific value is large, part of the heat is radiated to the inside to ensure the inner temperature, and part of the heat is radiated to the outer periphery, so as to ensure that the outer periphery reaches the set temperature.
  • the electric heating film can be used as two electric heating films. After one way is damaged, the other way can continue to work normally without replacement, which greatly prolongs the service life.
  • the electric heating film of the present invention divides the heating core layer into two layers, and the two layers have the same structure. At the beginning, they can work at the same time, and the temperature rises rapidly. After the electric heating film reaches the set temperature, it can be closed all the way.
  • the electric heating film can be used as two electric heating films. After one way is damaged, the other way can continue to work normally without replacement, which greatly prolongs the service life.
  • the electric heating film of the present invention is provided with an upper shielding layer, the upper shielding layer is between the heating core layer and the heated surface (floor), the upper shielding layer can guide all the leakage current into N, and the leakage of the heated surface is zero ,
  • the safety of use is greatly improved, and it can be widely used in places with high leakage requirements, such as heating of medical equipment, heating of maternal and child facilities, heating of precision electronic devices in low temperature environments, etc.
  • the electric heating film of the present invention is also provided with a lower shielding layer, and the heating core layer is arranged between the upper shielding layer and the lower shielding layer, which completely closes the circuit.
  • the upper shielding layer and the lower shielding layer can not only introduce all leakage currents N, the leakage of the heated surface is zero, and there is a complete electromagnetic shielding function, which fully meets the EMC requirements of rail vehicles, and the electromagnetic compatibility is better.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrothermal film of Example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrothermal film according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrothermal film according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrothermal film according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrothermal film according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the layer structure of the electrothermal film of Example 6.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrothermal film according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrothermal film according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view when viewed upward from the lower side of FIG. 8 .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the layer structure of the electrothermal film of Example 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the layer structure of the electrothermal film of Example 8.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrothermal film according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrothermal film according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrothermal film of Example 11 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrothermal film of Example 12 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the layer structure of the electrothermal film of Example 12.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the layer structure of the electrothermal film of Example 13 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrothermal film according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Heating core layer 2 positive connecting part 2-1, negative connecting part 2-2, heating part 2-3, inner heating part 2-31, inner ring heating part 2-32, outer ring heating part 2-33, second A positive connection part 2-4, a second negative connection part 2-5,
  • the electrical connecting piece assembly 3 the positive electrical connecting piece 3-1, the negative electrical connecting piece 3-2, the second positive electrical connecting piece 3-3,
  • FIG. 1 The orientation of the present invention is described in accordance with the orientation shown in FIG. 1 , that is, the up, down, left, and right directions shown in FIG. 1 are the described rear, front, left, and right directions, the side facing FIG. 1 is upward, and the side away from FIG. .
  • the terms “installation” and “connection” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between the two components.
  • installation and “connection” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between the two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between the two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it
  • the electric heating film of this embodiment 1 includes an outer cladding layer 1 , a heating core layer 2 and an electrical connecting sheet assembly 3 .
  • the cladding outer layer 1 is composed of an upper insulating layer 1-1 and a lower insulating layer, and the shape and size of the upper insulating layer 1-1 and the lower insulating layer are the same.
  • the upper insulating layer 1-1 and the lower insulating layer are both made of PET (PET is the abbreviation of Polyethylene terephthalate in English, referred to as PET or PETP) or PI (PI is the abbreviation of Polyimide in English, PI is commonly known as polyimide in Chinese, and its molecular structure contains acyl It is made of aromatic heterocyclic macromolecule compound of imine chain unit) or epoxy resin material. When polyimide is used, it has better high temperature resistance and is suitable for occasions with high requirements on fire protection.
  • Corresponding parts of the upper insulating layer 1-1 are fixed on the lower insulating layer and the heating core layer 2 by hot-melt adhesive thermocompression bonding from top to bottom.
  • the heating core layer 2 is wrapped between the upper insulating layer 1 - 1 and the lower insulating layer covering the outer layer 1 .
  • the heating core layer 2 is formed by laying conductive heating strips made of metal materials.
  • the conductive heating strips are made of metal foils glued and compounded on the lower insulating layer covering the outer layer 1 by printing and etching.
  • the strip is made of aluminum foil by printing and etching method, and the head and tail of the conductive heating strip are respectively provided with a positive connection part 2-1 and a negative connection part 2-2.
  • the part between the positive electrode connecting part 2-1 and the negative electrode connecting part 2-2 of the conductive heating strip is the heating part 2-3.
  • the conductive cross-sectional areas of the heating parts 2-3 are the same everywhere, ranging from 0.001 mm 2 to 0.2 mm 2 , which is 0.02 mm 2 in this embodiment.
  • the distance between adjacent parts of the heat generating parts 2-3 that are parallel to each other is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside.
  • the heat Q is proportional to the electric power P, proportional to the time, and inversely proportional to the square of the radius.
  • the coefficient k of the formula is related to the heat dissipation conditions, and the range of k is 0-1.
  • the electric heating film and the heat transfer and heat dissipation of the heated surface adjust the power density distribution of the electric heating film (by adjusting the spacing or the conductive cross-sectional area of the heating part, in this embodiment, the spacing is adjusted).
  • the temperature of the heated surface presents a large gradient, the central temperature of the electrothermal film is high, and the peripheral temperature is low.
  • the temperature of the heated surface is more uniform.
  • the electrical connecting piece assembly 3 includes a positive electrical connecting piece 3-1 and a negative electrical connecting piece 3-2.
  • the positive electrode electrical connection piece 3-1 and the negative electrode electrical connection piece 3-2 are both made of metal conductive material, and this embodiment is made of copper material.
  • the positive electrode electrical connecting piece 3-1 is fixedly connected by puncture and crimping and is electrically connected to the part where the outer coating layer 1 covers the positive electrode connecting part 2-1.
  • the negative electrode electrical connecting piece 3-2 is fixedly connected by puncture and crimping, and is electrically connected to the part where the outer coating layer 1 covers the negative electrode connecting part 2-2.
  • the electric heating film of the present invention can be set on the floor or wallboard when in use, the positive electrode electrical connection piece 3-1 and the negative electrode electrical connection piece 3-2 are electrically connected to the positive electrode and negative electrode of the power supply through corresponding wires, and the positive electrode electrical connection piece 3- 1.
  • the part electrically connected with the corresponding wire and the negative electrode electrical connecting piece 3-2 and the part electrically connected with the corresponding wire are sealed with waterproof sealant.
  • the rest of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1.
  • the difference is that the conductive cross-sectional area of the heating part 2-3 is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside.
  • the current in the series state is the same.
  • the smaller the conductive cross-sectional area of the metal strip per unit length the greater the resistance and the greater the power.
  • the distance between the adjacent parts of the heating parts 2-3 that are parallel to each other is gradually increased from the inside to the outside.
  • the compensation that needs to be increased in the periphery and the need to be reduced in the center part are determined.
  • the heating power of the electric heating film makes the surface temperature of the electric heating film more balanced under the condition of the same overall power.
  • the heating part 2-3 includes an inner heating part 2-31, an inner ring heating part 2-32 and an outer ring heating part 2-33.
  • the inner heating part 2-31, the inner ring heating part 2-32 and the outer ring heating part 2-33 are connected in parallel on the positive electrode connecting part 2-1 and the negative electrode connecting part 2-2.
  • the inner heating part 2-31, the inner ring heating part 2-32 and the outer ring heating part 2-33 are arranged in order from the inside to the outside, the inner ring heating part 2-32 is arranged around the inner heating part 2-31, and the outer ring heating part 2 -33 is provided around the inner ring heat generating part 2-32.
  • the rest of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 2.
  • the difference is that the arrangement density of the heat generating parts is increased at the four corners, thereby increasing the power density of the four corners, which is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation of the corners. This leads to a low temperature state, making the overall temperature of the electric heating film more balanced.
  • the rest of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the heating core layer 2 is formed by laying two or three conductive heating strips.
  • the heating core layer 2 is formed by laying two or three conductive heating strips.
  • the difference between the front and rear positions is called the first conductive heating strip and the second conductive heating strip, respectively.
  • the two conductive heating strips are both printed on the upper side of the lower insulating layer 1-2 by a conductive heating paint (conductive heating paint is the prior art) by a screen printing method, or the conductive heating bars are laminated on the lower insulating layer 1-2 by gluing.
  • the metal foil on the upper side is made by printing and etching method.
  • the conductive heating strip of this embodiment is made of aluminum foil glued and compounded on the upper side of the lower insulating layer 1-2 by printing and etching method.
  • the two ends are respectively provided with a positive connection part 2-1 and a negative connection part 2-2.
  • One end of the second conductive heating strip is provided with a second positive connection part 2-4, and the other end is connected with the negative connection part of the first conductive heating strip.
  • the positive electrode connection part 2-1, the second positive electrode connection part 2-4 and the negative electrode connection part 2-2 are sequentially arranged on the front left part of the electric heating film from front to back.
  • the part between the positive connection part and the negative connection part of the two conductive heating strips is the heating part 2-3.
  • the first conductive heating strip and the second conductive heating strip are arranged in an S shape, and the heating parts 2-3 of the first conductive heating strip and the second conductive heating strip are arranged in parallel with each other.
  • the heating parts 2-3 of the first conductive heating strip and the second conductive heating strip are arranged on the part parallel to each other in the front and rear directions as a whole, and the distance d between the adjacent heating parts is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside, that is, the first conductive heating strip is arranged.
  • the distance between the two adjacent heating parts 2-3 in the middle of the heating strip itself in the front-rear direction is greater than the distance between the two heating parts and the heating parts 2-3 of the second conductive heating strip adjacent to the respective outer sides; the The distance between the heating part 2-3 in the middle of the first conductive heating strip and the heating part 2-3 of the second conductive heating strip adjacent to the outside is greater than the distance between the heating part 2-3 of the second conductive heating strip and the second conductive heating strip.
  • the heat Q is proportional to the electric power P, proportional to the time, and inversely proportional to the square of the radius.
  • the coefficient k of the formula is related to the heat dissipation conditions, and the range of k is 0-1.
  • the electric heating film and the heat transfer and heat dissipation of the heated surface adjust the power density distribution of the electric heating film (by adjusting the spacing and/or the conductive cross-sectional area of the heating part, this embodiment is adjusting the spacing),
  • this embodiment is adjusting the spacing
  • the temperature of the heated surface presents a large gradient
  • the central temperature of the electric heating film is high
  • the surrounding temperature is low.
  • the surface temperature is more uniform.
  • the electrical connecting piece assembly 3 further includes a second positive electrical connecting piece 3-3.
  • the second positive electrode electrical connection piece 3-3 is made of copper material.
  • the second positive electrode electrical connecting piece 3-3 is fixedly connected by puncture and crimping and is electrically connected to the part of the second positive electrode connecting part 2-4 covered by the upper insulating layer 1-1 and the lower insulating layer 1-2, and is downward The lower insulating layer 1-2 is pierced to form a riveted fixed connection.
  • the positive electrical connecting piece 3-1, the second positive electrical connecting piece 3-3 and the negative electrical connecting piece 3-2 are electrically connected with the live wire and the neutral wire of the power supply through corresponding wires, and each positive electrical connecting piece is electrically connected with the corresponding wire.
  • Parts and the parts where the negative electrode electrical connection sheet and the corresponding wires are electrically connected are sealed with a waterproof sealant.
  • the rest of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 5, except that it also includes an adhesive layer 4, and the adhesive layer 4 is bonded and fixed on the lower side of the lower insulating layer 1-2.
  • the underside of 4 is provided with release paper.
  • the electric heating film of the present invention can be fixedly arranged in the floor or wallboard by bonding with the adhesive layer.
  • the rest of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 5, the difference is that the distance between the parallel parts of the heating parts 2-3 of the first conductive heating strip and the second conductive heating strip is always the same, The distance d1 between the centerlines of the mutually parallel parts of the heating parts 2-3 of the two adjacent first and second conductive heating strips is generally gradually reduced from the inside to the outside.
  • the outer cladding layer 1 also includes a third insulating layer 1-3, and the third insulating layer 1-3 is made of PET (PET is the abbreviation of English Polyethylene terephthalate, referred to as PET or PETP) or PI (PI is the abbreviation of English Polyimide, PI Chinese Commonly known as polyimide, it is an aromatic heterocyclic polymer compound with an imide group chain link in its molecular structure) or epoxy resin material.
  • PET is the abbreviation of English Polyethylene terephthalate
  • PI is the abbreviation of English Polyimide, PI Chinese Commonly known as polyimide, it is an aromatic heterocyclic polymer compound with an imide group chain link in its molecular structure
  • epoxy resin material epoxy resin material
  • the heating core layer 2 is formed by laying two conductive heating strips, and the two conductive heating strips are respectively called an upper conductive heating strip 2a and a lower conductive heating strip 2b according to their upper and lower positions.
  • the upper conductive heating strip 2a is printed on the upper side of the lower insulating layer 3 by a conductive heating paint (conductive heating paint is the prior art) by a screen printing method to form an upper heating core layer, and the head and tail of the upper conductive heating strip 2a are respectively provided with positive poles.
  • the part between the positive electrode connecting part 2-1 and the negative electrode connecting part 2-2 of the upper conductive heating strip 2a is the heating part 2-3.
  • the heat-generating portion 2-3 is arranged in an S-shape, and the distance d2 between adjacent portions of the heat-generating portion 2-3 parallel to each other in the front-rear direction is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside.
  • the upper insulating layer 1-1 is fixed on the lower insulating layer 1-2 and the heating core layer 2 by hot melt adhesive, so that the upper heating core layer of the heating core layer 2 is covered on the upper insulating layer 1-1 and the lower heating core layer. Between insulating layers 1-2.
  • the lower conductive heating bar 2b is printed on the lower side of the lower insulating layer 3 by a conductive heating paint (conductive heating paint is the prior art) by a screen printing method to form a lower heating core layer.
  • a conductive heating paint conductive heating paint is the prior art
  • Two positive connection parts 2-4 and a second negative connection part 2-5 The part between the second positive electrode connecting part 2-4 and the second negative electrode connecting part 2-5 of the lower conductive heating strip 2b is the heating part 2-3.
  • the heating parts 2-3 are arranged in an S-shape, and the spacing between adjacent parts of the heating parts 2-3 that are parallel to each other in the front-rear direction is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside.
  • the positions of the second negative electrode connecting portion 2-5 and the heating portion 2-3 of the lower conductive heating bar 2b in the vertical direction correspond to the positions of the negative electrode connecting portion 2-2 and the heating portion 2-3 of the upper conductive heating bar 2a.
  • the third insulating layer 1-3 is fixed on the lower side of the lower insulating layer 1-2 and the lower heating core layer by hot melt adhesive, so that the lower heating core layer of the heating core layer 2 is covered with the third insulating layer 1-3 and the lower insulating layer 1-2.
  • the adhesive layer 4 is bonded and fixed on the lower side of the third insulating layer 1-3, and the lower side of the adhesive layer 4 is provided with release paper.
  • the positive electrical connecting piece 3-1 of the electrical connecting piece assembly 3 is electrically connected to the positive connecting portion 2-1 covered by the upper insulating layer 1-1 and the lower insulating layer 1-2 by puncturing, and pierces the third insulating layer downward.
  • Layers 1-3 form a riveted fixed connection.
  • the second positive electrode electrical connecting piece 3-3 is electrically connected to the second positive electrode connecting portion 2-4 covered by the lower insulating layer 1-2 and the third insulating layer 1-3 by puncturing, and pierces the third insulating layer downward.
  • Layers 1-3 form a riveted fixed connection.
  • the negative electrode electrical connecting piece 3-2 is electrically connected to the position of the negative electrode connecting part 2-2 covered by the upper insulating layer 1-1 and the lower insulating layer 1-2 and the lower insulating layer 1-2 and the third insulating layer 1-2 3 on the part of the second negative electrode connecting part 2-5 covered, and pierce the third insulating layer 1-3 downward to form a riveted fixed connection. (Example 9)
  • the rest of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 7, and the difference is that the distance between adjacent parts of the heat generating parts 2-3 parallel to each other is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside.
  • the coefficient k of the formula is related to the heat dissipation conditions, and the range of k is 0-1.
  • the power density distribution of the electric heating film is adjusted (this embodiment is realized by adjusting the spacing).
  • the temperature of the heated surface presents The larger the gradient, the higher the central temperature of the electric heating film and the lower the peripheral temperature.
  • the temperature of the heated surface is more uniform, and the temperature difference is within 5 degrees Celsius.
  • the rest of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 7, except that the distance between the adjacent parts of the heat-generating parts 2-3 that are parallel to each other is gradually increased from the inside to the outside; the heat-generating parts 2-3 The conductive cross-sectional area of is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside.
  • the heat Q is proportional to the electric power P, proportional to the time, and inversely proportional to the square of the radius.
  • the coefficient k of the formula is related to the heat dissipation conditions, and the range of k is 0-1.
  • adjust the power density distribution of the electric heating film this embodiment is realized by adjusting the spacing and the conductive cross-sectional area of the heating part at the same time. Occasionally, the temperature of the heated surface presents a large gradient, the central temperature of the electrothermal film is high, and the peripheral temperature is low. within degrees Celsius.
  • the rest of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the negative electrode connecting part 2-2 and the positive electrode connecting part 2-1 are respectively arranged on the front edge and the rear edge of the lower insulating layer 1-2 On the top, the front and rear are symmetrically arranged; the heating part 2-3 is arranged in an S shape between the positive electrode connecting part 2-1 and the negative electrode connecting part 2-2, and the front and rear ends of the right part of the heating part 2-3 are respectively connected with the positive electrode connecting part 2-2. -1 is electrically connected to the negative electrode connecting portion 2-2.
  • the distance between the adjacent parts of the heating parts 2-3 that are parallel to each other is gradually reduced from the inside to the outside, and the maximum distance is 1.5 to 3 times the minimum distance.
  • the specific setting method is as follows:
  • the current in the series state is the same, the smaller the conductive cross-sectional area of the metal strip, the greater the resistance and the greater the power;
  • the heat Q is proportional to the electric power P, proportional to the time, and inversely proportional to the square of the radius.
  • the coefficient k of the formula is related to the heat dissipation conditions, and the range of k is 0-1.
  • the central temperature of the electric heating film is high, and the peripheral temperature is low. By increasing the power density around the electric heating film, the power density in the middle of the electric heating film is reduced, so that the temperature of the heated surface is more uniform.
  • the outer cladding layer 1 also includes a fourth insulating layer 1-4.
  • the fourth insulating layer 1-4 is made of PET (PET is the abbreviation of Polyethylene terephthalate in English, referred to as PET or PETP) or PI (PI is the abbreviation of Polyimide in English, PI is commonly known as polyimide in Chinese, which is a molecular structure containing an imide group chain. made of aromatic heterocyclic polymer compounds) or epoxy resin materials.
  • the fourth insulating layer 1-4 is fixed on the lower insulating layer 1-2 and the heating core layer 2 by hot-melt adhesive thermocompression bonding, so that the heating core layer 2 is covered on the fourth insulating layer 1-4 and the lower insulating layer 1 -2 between.
  • the upper shielding layer 5 is printed on the upper side of the fourth insulating layer 1-4 by the conductive heating paint (conductive heating paint is the prior art) by the screen printing method or made of metal foil, and the projection range in the up-down direction is The heating part 2-3 is fully covered.
  • conductive heating paint conductive heating paint is the prior art
  • the upper insulating layer 1-1 is fixed on the fourth insulating layer 1-4 and the upper shielding layer 5 by hot melt adhesive, so that the upper shielding layer 5 is covered on the upper insulating layer 1-1 and the fourth insulating layer 1- between 4.
  • the lower side of the adhesive layer 4 is bonded and fixed on the upper side of the upper insulating layer 1 , and the upper side of the adhesive layer 4 is provided with release paper.
  • the positive electrode electrical connection piece 3-1 is fixedly connected by puncture and crimping and is electrically connected to the position of the positive electrode connection part 2-1 covered by the fourth insulating layer 1-4 and the lower insulating layer 1-2, and is pierced downward.
  • the insulating layers 1-2 form a riveted fixed connection.
  • the negative electrode electrical connecting piece 3-2 is fixedly connected by puncture and crimping and is electrically connected to the upper shielding layer 5 covered by the upper insulating layer 1-1 and the fourth insulating layer 1-4 and the fourth insulating layer 1-4 and the fourth insulating layer 1-4.
  • the lower insulating layer 1-2 covers the portion of the negative electrode connecting portion 2-2, and the lower insulating layer 1-2 is pierced downward to form a riveted fixed connection.
  • the electric heating film of the present invention When the electric heating film of the present invention is used, it can be fixed and fixed on the lower side of the floor through the adhesive layer.
  • the part where the positive electrode electrical connection sheet 3-1 is electrically connected with the corresponding wire and the part where the negative electrode electrical connection sheet 3-2 and the corresponding wire are electrically connected are sealed with a waterproof sealant.
  • the outer cladding layer 1 also includes a fifth insulating layer 1-5.
  • the fifth insulating layer 1-5 is made of the same material as the lower insulating layer 1-2.
  • the lower shielding layer 6 is made of conductive heating paint (conductive heating paint is the prior art) printed on the lower side of the lower insulating layer 1-2 by screen printing or made of metal foil, and the projection range in the up-down direction will separate the heating part. 2-3 full coverage.
  • the fifth insulating layer 1-5 is fixed on the lower insulating layer 1-2 and the lower shielding layer 6 by hot melt adhesive, so that the lower shielding layer 6 is covered on the fifth insulating layer 1-5 and the lower insulating layer 1-2 between.
  • the negative electrode electrical connecting piece 3-2 is fixedly connected by puncture and crimping and is electrically connected to the position of the upper shielding layer 5 covered by the upper insulating layer 1-1 and the fourth insulating layer 1-4, and the fourth insulating layer 1-4 and the fourth insulating layer 1-4.
  • the fifth insulating layer 1-5 forms a riveted fixed connection.

Landscapes

  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

一种电热膜，包括包覆外层（1）、发热芯层（2）和电连接片组件（3）。包覆外层（1）由上绝缘层（1-1）和下绝缘层（1-2）组成，发热芯层（2）被包覆外层（1）包覆，位于包覆外层（1）的上绝缘层（1-1）和下绝缘层（1-2）之间。发热芯层（2）由导电发热条铺设构成，导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部（2-1）和负极连接部（2-2），导电发热条的正极连接部（2-1）和负极连接部（2-2）之间的部分为发热部（2-3）。发热部（2-3）相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置。电连接片组件（3）包括正极电连接片（3-1）和负极电连接片（3-2）。正极电连接片（3-1）和负极电连接片（3-2）均为金属导电材料制成。正极电连接片（3-1）固定连接电连接在包覆外层（1）上，且电连接在正极连接部（2-1）上。负极电连接片（3-2）接固定连接在包覆外层（1）上，且电连接在负极连接部（2-2）上。

Description

电热膜 技术领域
本发明涉及电热膜技术领域，具体是一种用于地面、墙面、天花板、座椅、车辆地板等电加热取暖系统中的电热膜。
背景技术
电加热取暖系统中的电热膜是一种通电后能发热的膜产品，由可导电的特制油墨、金属载流条等导电材料经加工封装在绝缘薄膜间制成,属于低温辐射的电热膜。电热膜将热量以辐射的形式送入空间，使人体感受到温暖，其综合效果优于传统的对流供暖方式。加热取暖系统通常由电源、温控器、连接件、绝缘层、电热膜及饰面层构成。电源经导线连通电热膜,将电能转化为热能。地面电加热取暖系统不仅适用于北方，更适用于冬季无取暖设施的地区。电热膜不仅广泛应用于住宅、学校、商店、医院和办公楼等民用建筑的加热取暖系统，而且还广泛应用于工厂厂房和仓储等工业建筑的加热取暖系统中。现在还应用到了轨道车辆的地板或墙板加热取暖系统中以及道路融雪等领域，电热膜具有广阔的用前景。由于电热膜为面状，其各个部位的散热快慢有差异，因此普遍存在中央部位过热，四周温度较低的现象，容易造成中部高温寿命降低甚至烧毁。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种结构简单，电热膜温度分布均匀的，有利于延长使用寿命及提高使用安全性的电热膜。
实现本发明目的的基本技术方案是：一种电热膜，包括外包覆层、发热芯层和电连接片组件。包覆外层由上绝缘层和下绝缘层组成，发热芯层被包覆外层包覆，位于包覆外层的上绝缘层和下绝缘层之间。其结构特点是：发热芯层由导电发热条铺设构成，导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部和负极连接部，导电发热条的正极连接部和负极连接部之间的部分为发热部。发热部相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置。电连接片组件包括正极电连接片和负极电连接片。正极电连接片和负极电连接片均为金属导电材料制成。正极电连接片固定连接电连接在外包覆层上，且电连接在正极连接部上。负极电连接片接固定连接在外包覆层上，且电连接在负极连接部上。
进一步的，发热部的导电截面积由内至外逐渐缩小设置，可以配合不同的间距实现加热面温度均匀。
进一步的，为了提高产品的使用寿命，发热芯层的导电发热条由金属材料制成，导电发热条由复合在包覆外层的下绝缘层上的金属箔通过印刷蚀刻方法制成。
进一步的，为了提高产品的可靠性，发热部包括内发热部、内环发热部和外环发热部。内发热部、内环发热部和外环发热部并联在正极连接部和负极连接部上。内发热部、内环发热部和外环发热部由内至外依次设置，内环发热部围绕内发热部设置，外环发热部围绕内环发热部设置。内发热部、内环发热部和外环发热部的导电截面积呈逐渐增大设置。
进一步的，为了提高产品的可靠性，发热芯层由两条导电发热条铺设构成，两条导电发热条按其所处的前后位置的不同分别称为第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条。第一导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部和负极连接部，第二导电发热条的一头设有第二正极连接部，其另一端与第一条导电发热条的负极连接部电连接。正极连接部、第二正极连接部和负极连接部从前至后依次设置在电热膜的前部左部上。两条导电发热条的正极连接部和负极连接部之间的部分均为发热部。两条导电发热条可以同时工作提高加热速度，也可单独使用，另一条作为备用使用，当其中一条不能工作时，可以使用另一条，产品的使用可靠性和寿命大大延长。
进一步的，为了实现电热膜的温度分布均匀，第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条的发热部在前后方向上相互平行的部分上整体呈相邻发热部之间的间距d由内至外逐渐缩小设置，也即第一导电发热条自身前后方向上中部相邻两个发热部之间的距离大于该两个发热部与各自外侧相邻的第二导电发热条的发热部之间的距离。所述第一导电发热条中部发热部与外侧相邻的第二导电发热条的发热部之间的距离大于第二导电发热条的该发热部与第二导电发热条自身的外侧相邻的发热部之间的距离。
进一步的，为了实现电热膜的温度分布均匀，第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条的发热部相互平行的部分之间的间距始终保持一致，相邻的两段第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条的发热部相互平行的部分的中线之间的距离d1整体呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置。
进一步的，为了便于使用，还包括胶粘层，胶粘层粘结固定设置在下绝缘层的下侧上，胶粘层的下侧设有离型纸。
进一步的，为了提高产品的可靠性，外包覆层还包括第三绝缘层。发热芯层由两条导电发热条铺设构成，两条导电发热条按其所处的上下位置的不同分别称为上导电发热条和下导电发热条。上导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部和负极连接部。上导电发热条的正极连接部和负极连接部之间的部分为发热部。发热部采用S 型设置，发热部在前后方向上相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距d2呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置。上绝缘层通过热熔胶热压粘结固定在下绝缘层和发热芯层上，从而发热芯层的上发热芯层被包覆于上绝缘层和下绝缘层之间。两条导电发热条可以同时工作提高加热速度，也可单独使用，另一条作为备用使用，当其中一条不能工作时，可以使用另一条，产品的使用可靠性和寿命大大延长。
进一步的，为了实现电热膜的温度分布均匀，下导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有第二正极连接部和第二负极连接部。下导电发热条的第二正极连接部和第二负极连接部之间的部分为发热部。发热部采用S型设置，发热部在前后方向上相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置。下导电发热条的第二负极连接部和发热部在上下方向上位置与上导电发热条的负极连接部和发热部的位置相对应。第三绝缘层通过热熔胶热压粘结固定在下绝缘层的下侧和下发热芯层上，从而发热芯层的下发热芯层被包覆于第三绝缘层和下绝缘层之间。
电连接片组件还包括第二正极电连接片。正极电连接片固定且电连接在上绝缘层和下绝缘层包覆的正极连接部上。第二正极电连接片固定且电连接在下绝缘层和第三绝缘层包覆的第二正极连接部的部位上。负极电连接固定且电连接在上绝缘层和下绝缘层包覆的负极连接部的部位及下绝缘层和第三绝缘层包覆的第二负极连接部的部位上。
实现本发明目的的另一基本技术方案是：一种电热膜，包括外包覆层、发热芯层和电连接片组件。包覆外层由上绝缘层和下绝缘层组成，发热芯层被包覆外层包覆，位于包覆外层的上绝缘层和下绝缘层之间。其结构特点是：发热芯层由导电发热条铺设构成，导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部和负极连接部，导电发热条的正极连接部和负极连接部之间的部分为发热部。发热部的导电截面积由内至外逐渐缩小设置。电连接片组件包括正极电连接片和负极电连接片。正极电连接片和负极电连接片均为金属导电材料制成。正极电连接片固定连接电连接在外包覆层上，且电连接在正极连接部上。负极电连接片接固定连接在外包覆层上，且电连接在负极连接部上。
进一步的，发热部相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐增大设置，可以配合不同的发热部的导电截面积实现加热面温度均匀。
进一步的，为了提高产品的可靠性和加热速度，发热芯层由两条导电发热条铺设构成，两条导电发热条按其所处的前后位置的不同分别称为第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条。第一导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部和负极连接部，第二导电发热条的一头设有第二正极连接部，其另一端与第一条导电发热条的负极连接部电连 接。正极连接部、第二正极连接部和负极连接部从前至后依次设置在电热膜的前部左部上。两条导电发热条的正极连接部和负极连接部之间的部分均为发热部。
进一步的，为了避免对其他电子设备产生干扰，还包括上屏蔽层。外包覆层还包括第四绝缘层。发热芯层被包覆于第四绝缘层和下绝缘层之间。上屏蔽层被包覆于上绝缘层和第四绝缘层之间。正极电连接片电连接在第四绝缘层和下绝缘层包覆的正极连接部的部位上。负极电连接片电连接在上绝缘层和第四绝缘层包覆的上屏蔽层的部位上及第四绝缘层和下绝缘层包覆的负极连接部的部位上。
进一步的，为了避免对其他电子设备产生干扰，还包括下屏蔽层。外包覆层还包括第五绝缘层。下屏蔽层被包覆于第五绝缘层和下绝缘层之间。负极电连接片电连接在上绝缘层和第四绝缘层包覆的上屏蔽层的部位上、第四绝缘层和下绝缘层包覆的负极连接部的部位上以及下绝缘层和第五绝缘层包覆的下屏蔽层的相应部位上。
以上述技术方案为基础的进一步技术方案是：发热芯层的导电发热条由金属材料制成，导电发热条由复合在包覆外层的下绝缘层上的金属箔通过印刷蚀刻方法制成。
本发明具有以下的有益效果：(1)本发明的电热膜结构简单，突破了传统的均匀分布设置的方式，采用了全新的设计理念。根据电热膜使用环境及被加热表面(地板、墙板等)传热和散热情况，调整电热膜功率密度分布(调整发热部的间距或发热部的导电截面积)，当传热和散热较快的场合，被加热表面温度呈现较大的梯度，电热膜中心温度高，周边温度低，通过提高电热膜周边功率密度，减小电热膜中间的功率密度，保证电热膜整体温度分布均匀，防止局部温度过高，延长使用寿命和使用安全性。
(2)传统的民用建筑中使用的电热膜(如碳晶电热膜)，一般3至5年左右的时间，其功率就会衰大幅衰减，使用寿命大多在10-15年左右，而轨道车辆的一般设计寿命为30年，因此不适合用于轨道车辆。而本发明的电热膜的发热芯层为金属材料制成，金属电阻通电发热，各方面电气性能稳定可靠，功率衰减很小，设计寿命可达35年以上，适用于轨道车辆加热取暖系统中。
(3)本发明的电热膜的发热芯层为金属材料，靠金属电阻通电发热，是纯电阻性的，发热效率99％以上。而且金属电阻率是正温度系数的，当电热膜温度升高到一定程度，电阻变大，功率减小，限制电热膜温度进一步上升，很快达到平衡状态，因此本发明的金属电热膜具有一定的自限温特性，使用安全性大大提高。传统的民用建筑中使用的电热膜(如碳晶电热膜)，一般3至5年左右的时间，其功率就会衰大幅衰减，使用寿命大多在10-15年左右，而轨道车辆的一般设计寿命为30年，因此不适合用于轨道车辆。而本发明的电热膜的发热芯层为金属材料制成，金属电阻通电发 热，各方面电气性能稳定可靠，功率衰减很小，设计寿命可达30年以上，适用于轨道车辆加热取暖系统中。
(4)本发明的电热膜的金属电热膜的发热部采用了蛇形的S分布方式，相邻的金属条平行部分的电流方向相反，根据右手螺旋法则，金属电热膜上金属条产生的磁场会相互抵消，减少对轨道车辆上其他设备的干扰，使用可靠性进一步提高。
(5)本发明的实施例1所述的电热膜通过改变发热部相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距实现温度的均匀分布，中部散热慢，发热部间距大，发热量小，外侧热量可以向内侧辐射，保证中部达到设定的温度；周围散热快，发热部间距小，发热量大，一部分热量向内侧辐射，保证内侧温度，一部分热量向外周辐射，从而保证外周达到设定的温度，使得整个电热膜的温度分布较为均匀，温差在5℃以内。
(6)本发明的实施例2所述的电热膜通过改变发热部相互平行的相邻部分之间的导电截面积和间距来实现温度的均匀分布，中部发热量小，增加发热面积保证中部温度；周围发热量大，减少发热面积保证周围温度，温差在5℃以内。
(7)本发明的实施例3所述的电热膜通过三个并联的发热部实现整体的温度均匀分布，中部发热量小，通过内环发热部向中间辐射的热量达到设定的温度，外环发热部向外散热快，通过内环发热部向外环发热部辐射，使外环发热部保持设定的温度，从而整个电热膜的温度保持均匀，温差在5℃以内。其次，使用可靠性大大提高，三个并联的发热部相互独立发热，如有损坏，其他部分还能继续工作，具有应急作用。
(8)本发明的电热膜的采用两个或三个加热回路，当一路出现问题后，其余的还能继续工作散发热量，不会造成温度大幅降低，尤其适合跑长途的动车，为后期更换提供充足的时间。
(9)本发明的电热膜通过采用第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条的发热部相互平行的部分之间的间距始终保持不变的结构设置，开始工作时，可以两路同时开启，使得电热膜快速升温到设定的温度，然后关闭一路，保留一路继续工作。两路发热部作为一个整体对待，相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距实现温度的均匀分布，中部散热慢，发热部间距大，发热量小，外侧热量可以向内侧辐射，保证中部达到设定的温度；周围散热快，发热部间距小，发热量大，一部分热量向内侧辐射，保证内侧温度，一部分热量向外周辐射，从而保证外周达到设定的温度。电热膜可以作为两个电热膜使用，一路损坏后，另一路还能正常继续工作，不用更换，大大延长了使用寿命。
(10)本发明的电热膜将发热芯层分成两层设置，两层结构相同，开始时可以同时工作，迅速升温，电热膜到设定温度后可以关闭一路。电热膜可以作为两个电热膜 使用，一路损坏后，另一路还能正常继续工作，不用更换，大大延长了使用寿命。
(11)本发明的电加热膜设有上屏蔽层，上屏蔽层在发热芯层与被加热表面(地板)之间，上屏蔽层能把泄漏电流全部导入N，被加热表面的泄漏为零，使用安全性大大提高，能广泛应用于对泄漏要求较高的场所，如医疗器械的加热、母婴设施的加热、精密电子器件在低温环境中的加热等。
(12)本发明的电加热膜还设有下屏蔽层，发热芯层设置在上屏蔽层与下屏蔽层之间，完全封闭了电路，上屏蔽层和下屏蔽层不仅能把泄漏电流全部导入N，被加热表面的泄漏为零，还有完全的电磁屏蔽功能，完全符合轨道车辆对于EMC的要求，电磁兼容更优。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1的电热膜的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的实施例2的电热膜的结构示意图。
图3为本发明的实施例3的电热膜的结构示意图。
图4为本发明的实施例4的电热膜的结构示意图。
图5为本发明的实施例5的电热膜的结构示意图。
图6为实施例6的电热膜的层结构示意图。
图7为本发明的实施例7的电热膜的结构示意图。
图8为本发明的实施例8的电热膜的结构示意图。
图9为从图8的下侧向上观察时的示意图。
图10为实施例8的电热膜的层结构示意图。
图11为本发明的实施例9的电热膜的结构示意图。
图12为本发明的实施例10的电热膜的结构示意图。
图13为本发明的实施例11的电热膜的结构示意图。
图14为本发明的实施例12的电热膜的结构示意图。
图15为实施例12的电热膜的层结构示意图。
图16为本发明的实施例13的电热膜的层结构示意图。
图17为本发明的实施例13的电热膜的结构示意图。
附图中的标号为：
外包覆层1，上绝缘层1-1，下绝缘层1-2，第三绝缘层1-3，第四绝缘层1-4，第五绝缘层1-5，
发热芯层2，正极连接部2-1，负极连接部2-2，发热部2-3，内发热部2-31， 内环发热部2-32，外环发热部2-33，第二正极连接部2-4，第二负极连接部2-5，
电连接片组件3，正极电连接片3-1，负极电连接片3-2，第二正极电连接片3-3，
胶粘层4，
上屏蔽层5，
下屏蔽层6。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚地理解，下面根据具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。本发明的方位的描述按照图1所示的方位进行，也即图1所示的上下左右方向即为描述的后前左右方向，图1所朝的一方为上方，背离图1的一方为下方。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。同时，在本发明的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示方位或位置关系是基于附图所述的位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明或简化描述，而不是指示必须具有的特定的方位。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
(实施例1)
见图1，本实施例1的电热膜包括外包覆层1、发热芯层2和电连接片组件3。
包覆外层1由上绝缘层1-1和下绝缘层组成，上绝缘层1-1和下绝缘层的形状大小相同。上绝缘层1-1和下绝缘层均由PET(PET是英文Polyethylene terephthalate的缩写，简称PET或PETP)或PI(PI是英文Polyimide的简称，PI中文俗称聚酰亚胺，是分子结构含有酰亚胺基链节的芳杂环高分子化合物)或环氧树脂材料制成，当采用聚酰亚胺时具有更好的耐高温特性，适用于对防火要求较高的场合使用。上绝缘层1-1的相应部位从上向下通过热熔胶热压粘结固定在下绝缘层和发热芯层2上。发热芯层2被包覆于包覆外层1的上绝缘层1-1和下绝缘层之间。
发热芯层2由金属材料制成的导电发热条铺设构成，导电发热条由胶粘复合在包覆外层1的下绝缘层上的金属箔通过印刷蚀刻方法制成，本实施例的导电发热条为铝箔通过印刷蚀刻方法制成，导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部2-1和负极连接部2-2。导电发热条的正极连接部2-1和负极连接部2-2之间的部分为发热部2-3。发热部2-3的各处导电截面积相同，均为0.001mm 2至0.2mm 2，本实施例为0.02mm 2。发热部2-3相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置。具体方法如下：根据公式P＝I 2R，串联状态电流相同，金属条导电截面积越小电阻越大，功率也越大；
Figure PCTCN2022083940-appb-000001
热量Q与电功率P成正比，与时间成正比，与半径平方成反比，公式的系数k与散热条件有关，k的范围为0-1。根据电热膜使用环境及被加热面(地板)传热和散热情况，调整电热膜功率密度分布(通过调整间距或发热部的导电截面积，本实施例为调整间距)，当传热和散热较快的场合，被加热表面温度呈现较大的梯度，电热膜中心温度高，周边温度低，通过提高电热膜周边功率密度，减小电热膜中间的功率密度，使被加热面温度更加均匀。
电连接片组件3包括正极电连接片3-1和负极电连接片3-2。正极电连接片3-1和负极电连接片3-2均为金属导电材料制成，本实施例为铜材料制成。正极电连接片3-1采用穿刺压接固定连接且电连接在外包覆层1包覆正极连接部2-1的部位上。负极电连接片3-2采用穿刺压接固定连接且电连接在外包覆层1包覆负极连接部2-2的部位上。
本发明的电热膜使用时可以设置在地板或墙板中，正极电连接片3-1和负极电连接片3-2通过相应的导线与电源的正极和负极电连接，正极电连接片3-1和相应导线电连接的部分及负极电连接片3-2和相应导线电连接的部分通过防水密封胶进行密封处理。
(实施例2)
见图2，本实施例其余部分与实施例1相同，其不同之处在于：发热部2-3的导电截面积由内至外逐渐缩小设置，根据公式P＝I 2R，串联状态电流相同，单位长度金属条导电截面积越小电阻越大，功率也越大。发热部2-3相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐增大设置，根据电热膜在工作状态下周边与中心的温差，确定周边需要增加的补偿和中心部位需要减小的发热功率，在整体功率不变的情况下使电热膜表面温度更加均衡。
(实施例3)
见图3，本实施例其余部分与实施例1相同，其不同之处在于：发热部2-3包括内发热部2-31、内环发热部2-32和外环发热部2-33。内发热部2-31、内环发热部2-32和外环发热部2-33并联在正极连接部2-1和负极连接部2-2上。内发热部2-31、内环发热部2-32和外环发热部2-33由内至外依次设置，内环发热部2-32围绕内发热部2-31设置，外环发热部2-33围绕内环发热部2-32设置。内发热部2-31、内环发热部2-32和外环发热部2-33的导电截面积呈逐渐增大设置，根据公式P＝I 2R，串联状态电流相同，金属条导电截面积越大电阻越小，功率也越小。
(实施例4)
见图4，本实施例其余部分与实施例2相同，其不同之处在于：在四角增加了发热部的排布密度，从而增加了四角的功率密度，有利于改善角部应散热较快而导致温度偏低的状态，使电热膜整体温度更加均衡。
(实施例5)
见图5，本实施例其余部分与实施例1相同，其不同之处在于：发热芯层2由两条或三条导电发热条铺设构成，本实施例为两条，两条导电发热条按其所处的前后位置的不同分别称为第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条。两条导电发热条均由导电发热涂料(导电发热涂料为现有技术)通过丝网印刷方法印刷在下绝缘层1-2的上侧上或导电发热条由胶粘复合在下绝缘层1-2的上侧上的金属箔通过印刷蚀刻方法制成，本实施例的导电发热条由胶粘复合在下绝缘层1-2的上侧上的铝箔通过印刷蚀刻方法制成，第一导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部2-1和负极连接部2-2，第二导电发热条的一头设有第二正极连接部2-4，其另一端与第一条导电发热条的负极连接部2-2电连接。
正极连接部2-1、第二正极连接部2-4和负极连接部2-2从前至后依次设置在电热膜的前部左部上。两条导电发热条的正极连接部和负极连接部之间的部分均为发热部2-3。第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条采用S型设置，第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条的发热部2-3相互平行设置。
第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条的发热部2-3在前后方向上相互平行的部分上整体呈相邻发热部之间的间距d由内至外逐渐缩小设置，也即第一导电发热条自身前后方向上中部相邻两个发热部2-3之间的距离大于该两个发热部与各自外侧相邻的第二导电发热条的发热部2-3之间的距离；所述第一导电发热条中部发热部2-3与外侧相邻的第二导电发热条的发热部2-3之间的距离大于第二导电发热条的该发热部2-3与第二导电发热条自身的外侧相邻的发热部2-3之间的距离，以此类推。具 体设置方法如下：根据公式P＝I 2R，串联状态电流相同，金属条导电截面积越小电阻越大，功率也越大；
Figure PCTCN2022083940-appb-000002
热量Q与电功率P成正比，与时间成正比，与半径平方成反比，公式的系数k与散热条件有关，k的范围为0-1。根据电热膜使用环境及被加热面(地板或墙板等)传热和散热情况，调整电热膜功率密度分布(通过调整间距和/或发热部的导电截面积，本实施例为调整间距)，当传热和散热较快的场合，被加热表面温度呈现较大的梯度，电热膜中心温度高，周边温度低，通过提高电热膜周边功率密度，减小电热膜中间的功率密度，使被加热表面温度更加均匀。
电连接片组件3还包括第二正极电连接片3-3。第二正极电连接片3-3为铜材料制成。第二正极电连接片3-3采用穿刺压接固定连接且电连接在上绝缘层1-1和下绝缘层1-2包覆的第二正极连接部2-4的部位上，且向下刺穿下绝缘层1-2形成铆接固定连接。正极电连接片3-1、第二正极电连接片3-3和负极电连接片3-2通过相应的导线与电源的火线和零线电连接，各正极电连接片和相应导线电连接的部分及负极电连接片和相应导线电连接的部分通过防水密封胶进行密封处理。
(实施例6)
见图6，本实施例其余部分与实施例5相同，其不同之处在于：还包括胶粘层4，胶粘层4粘结固定设置在下绝缘层1-2的下侧上，胶粘层4的下侧设有离型纸。本发明的电热膜使用时可以通过胶粘层粘结固定设置在地板或墙板中。
(实施例7)
见图7，本实施例其余部分与实施例5相同，其不同之处在于：第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条的发热部2-3相互平行的部分之间的间距始终保持一致，相邻的两段第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条的发热部2-3相互平行的部分的中线之间的距离d1整体呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置。
(实施例8)
见图8至图10，本实施例其余部分与实施例6相同，其不同之处在于，还包括胶粘层4。外包覆层1还包括第三绝缘层1-3，第三绝缘层1-3由PET(PET是英文Polyethylene terephthalate的缩写，简称PET或PETP)或PI(PI是英文Polyimide的简称，PI中文俗称聚酰亚胺，是分子结构含有酰亚胺基链节的芳杂环高分子化合物)或环氧树脂材料制成。第三绝缘层1-3和下绝缘层1-2的形状大小相同。
发热芯层2由两条导电发热条铺设构成，两条导电发热条按其所处的上下位置的不同分别称为上导电发热条2a和下导电发热条2b。上导电发热条2a由导电发热涂料(导电发热涂料为现有技术)通过丝网印刷方法印刷在下绝缘层3的上侧上形成上 发热芯层，上导电发热条2a的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部2-1和负极连接部2-2。上导电发热条2a的正极连接部2-1和负极连接部2-2之间的部分为发热部2-3。发热部2-3采用S型设置，发热部2-3在前后方向上相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距d2呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置。
上绝缘层1-1通过热熔胶热压粘结固定在下绝缘层1-2和发热芯层2上，从而发热芯层2的上发热芯层被包覆于上绝缘层1-1和下绝缘层1-2之间。
下导电发热条2b由导电发热涂料(导电发热涂料为现有技术)通过丝网印刷方法印刷在下绝缘层3的下侧上形成下发热芯层，下导电发热条2b的首尾两头分别设有第二正极连接部2-4和第二负极连接部2-5。下导电发热条2b的第二正极连接部2-4和第二负极连接部2-5之间的部分为发热部2-3。发热部2-3采用S型设置，发热部2-3在前后方向上相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置。下导电发热条2b的第二负极连接部2-5和发热部2-3在上下方向上位置与上导电发热条2a的负极连接部2-2和发热部2-3的位置相对应。
第三绝缘层1-3通过热熔胶热压粘结固定在下绝缘层1-2的下侧和下发热芯层上，从而发热芯层2的下发热芯层被包覆于第三绝缘层1-3和下绝缘层1-2之间。
胶粘层4粘结固定设置在第三绝缘层1-3的下侧上，胶粘层4的下侧设有离型纸。
电连接片组件3的正极电连接片3-1采用穿刺电连接在上绝缘层1-1和下绝缘层1-2包覆的正极连接部2-1上，且向下刺穿第三绝缘层1-3形成铆接固定连接。第二正极电连接片3-3采用穿刺电连接在下绝缘层1-2和第三绝缘层1-3包覆的第二正极连接部2-4的部位上，且向下刺穿第三绝缘层1-3形成铆接固定连接。负极电连接片3-2采用穿刺电连接在上绝缘层1-1和下绝缘层1-2包覆的负极连接部2-2的部位及下绝缘层1-2和第三绝缘层1-3包覆的第二负极连接部2-5的部位上，且向下刺穿第三绝缘层1-3形成铆接固定连接。(实施例9)
见图11，本实施例其余部分与实施例7相同，其不同之处在：发热部2-3相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐减小设置。具体方法如下：根据公式P＝I2R，串联状态电流相同，金属条导电截面积越小电阻越大，功率也越大；
Figure PCTCN2022083940-appb-000003
热量Q与电功率P成正比，与时间成正比，与半径平方成反比，公式的系数k与散热条件有关，k的范围为0-1。根据电热膜使用环境及被加热面(地板)传热和散热情况，调整电热膜功率密度分布(本实施例通过调整间距来实现)，当传热和散热较快的场合，被加热表面温度呈现较大的梯度，电热膜中心温度高，周边温度低，通过提高电热膜周边功率密度，减小电热膜中间的功率密度，使 被加热面温度更加均匀，温差在5摄氏度以内。
(实施例10)
见图12，本实施例其余部分与实施例7相同，其不同之处在：发热部2-3相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐增加设置，发热部2-3的导电截面积由内至外逐渐缩小设置。具体方法如下：根据公式P＝I 2R，串联状态电流相同，金属条导电截面积越小电阻越大，功率也越大；
Figure PCTCN2022083940-appb-000004
热量Q与电功率P成正比，与时间成正比，与半径平方成反比，公式的系数k与散热条件有关，k的范围为0-1。根据电热膜使用环境及被加热面(地板)传热和散热情况，调整电热膜功率密度分布(本实施例同时调整间距及发热部的导电截面积来实现)，当传热和散热较快的场合，被加热表面温度呈现较大的梯度，电热膜中心温度高，周边温度低，通过提高电热膜周边功率密度，减小电热膜中间的功率密度，使被加热面温度更加均匀，温差在5摄氏度以内。
(实施例11)
见图13，本实施例其余部分与实施例1相同，其不同之处在于：负极连接部2-2和正极连接部2-1分别设置在下绝缘层1-2的前部边沿和后部边沿上，呈前后对称设置；发热部2-3采用S型设置在正极连接部2-1和负极连接部2-2之间，发热部2-3的右部前后两端分别与正极连接部2-1和负极连接部2-2电连接。发热部2-3相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置，最大的间距是最小的间距的1.5至3倍，具体设置方法如下：根据公式P＝I 2R，串联状态电流相同，金属条导电截面积越小电阻越大，功率也越大；
Figure PCTCN2022083940-appb-000005
热量Q与电功率P成正比，与时间成正比，与半径平方成反比，公式的系数k与散热条件有关，k的范围为0-1。根据电热膜使用环境及被加热面(地板)传热和散热情况，调整电热膜功率密度分布(通过调整间距)，当传热和散热较快的场合，被加热表面温度呈现较大的梯度，电热膜中心温度高，周边温度低，通过提高电热膜周边功率密度，减小电热膜中间的功率密度，使被加热表面温度更加均匀。
(实施例12)
见图14和图15，本实施例其余部分与实施例1相同，其不同之处在于：还包括上屏蔽层5和胶粘层4。外包覆层1还包括第四绝缘层1-4。第四绝缘层1-4由PET(PET是英文Polyethylene terephthalate的缩写，简称PET或PETP)或PI(PI是英文Polyimide的简称，PI中文俗称聚酰亚胺，是分子结构含有酰亚胺基链节的 芳杂环高分子化合物)或环氧树脂材料制成。
第四绝缘层1-4通过热熔胶热压粘结固定在下绝缘层1-2和发热芯层2上，从而发热芯层2被包覆于第四绝缘层1-4和下绝缘层1-2之间。
上屏蔽层5由导电发热涂料(导电发热涂料为现有技术)通过丝网印刷方法印刷在第四绝缘层1-4的上侧上或者采用金属箔制成，在上下方向上的投影范围将发热部2-3全覆盖。
上绝缘层1-1通过热熔胶粘结固定在第四绝缘层1-4和上屏蔽层5上，从而上屏蔽层5被包覆于上绝缘层1-1和第四绝缘层1-4之间。
胶粘层4下侧粘结固定设置在上绝缘层1的上侧上，胶粘层4的上侧设有离型纸。
正极电连接片3-1采用穿刺压接固定连接且电连接在第四绝缘层1-4和下绝缘层1-2包覆的正极连接部2-1的部位上，且向下刺穿下绝缘层1-2形成铆接固定连接。负极电连接片3-2采用穿刺压接固定连接且电连接在上绝缘层1-1和第四绝缘层1-4包覆的上屏蔽层5的部位上及第四绝缘层1-4和下绝缘层1-2包覆的负极连接部2-2的部位上，且向下刺穿下绝缘层1-2形成铆接固定连接。
本发明的电加热膜使用时可以通过胶粘层粘结固定设置在地板的下侧，正极电连接片3-1和负极电连接片3-2通过相应的导线与电源的火线和零线电连接，正极电连接片3-1和相应导线电连接的部分及负极电连接片3-2和相应导线电连接的部分通过防水密封胶进行密封处理。
(实施例13)
本实施例其余部分与实施例12相同，其不同之处在于：还包括下屏蔽层6。外包覆层1还包括第五绝缘层1-5。第五绝缘层1-5与下绝缘层1-2同材质。
下屏蔽层6由导电发热涂料(导电发热涂料为现有技术)通过丝网印刷方法印刷在下绝缘层1-2的下侧上或者采用金属箔制成，在上下方向上的投影范围将发热部2-3全覆盖。
第五绝缘层1-5通过热熔胶粘结固定在下绝缘层1-2和下屏蔽层6上，从而下屏蔽层6被包覆于第五绝缘层1-5和下绝缘层1-2之间。
负极电连接片3-2采用穿刺压接固定连接且电连接在上绝缘层1-1和第四绝缘层1-4包覆的上屏蔽层5的部位上、第四绝缘层1-4和下绝缘层1-2包覆的负极连接部2-2的部位上以及下绝缘层1-2和第五绝缘层1-5包覆的下屏蔽层6的相应部位上，且向下刺穿第五绝缘层1-5形成铆接固定连接。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详 细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电热膜，包括外包覆层、发热芯层和电连接片组件；包覆外层由上绝缘层和下绝缘层组成，发热芯层被包覆外层包覆，位于包覆外层的上绝缘层和下绝缘层之间；其特征在于：发热芯层由导电发热条铺设构成，导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部和负极连接部，导电发热条的正极连接部和负极连接部之间的部分为发热部；发热部相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置；电连接片组件包括正极电连接片和负极电连接片；正极电连接片和负极电连接片均为金属导电材料制成；正极电连接片固定连接电连接在外包覆层上，且电连接在正极连接部上；负极电连接片接固定连接在外包覆层上，且电连接在负极连接部上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电热膜，其特征在于：发热部的导电截面积由内至外逐渐缩小设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电热膜，其特征在于：发热芯层的导电发热条由金属材料制成，导电发热条由复合在包覆外层的下绝缘层上的金属箔通过印刷蚀刻方法制成。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3之一所述的电热膜，其特征在于：发热部包括内发热部、内环发热部和外环发热部；内发热部、内环发热部和外环发热部并联在正极连接部和负极连接部上；内发热部、内环发热部和外环发热部由内至外依次设置，内环发热部围绕内发热部设置，外环发热部围绕内环发热部设置；内发热部、内环发热部和外环发热部的导电截面积呈逐渐增大设置。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3之一所述的电热膜，其特征在于：发热芯层由两条导电发热条铺设构成，两条导电发热条按其所处的前后位置的不同分别称为第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条；第一导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部和负极连接部，第二导电发热条的一头设有第二正极连接部，其另一端与第一条导电发热条的负极连接部电连接；
    正极连接部、第二正极连接部和负极连接部从前至后依次设置在电热膜的前部左部上；两条导电发热条的正极连接部和负极连接部之间的部分均为发热部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电热膜，其特征在于：第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条的发热部在前后方向上相互平行的部分上整体呈相邻发热部之间的间距d由内至外逐渐缩小设置，也即第一导电发热条自身前后方向上中部相邻两个发热部之间的距离大于该两个发热部与各自外侧相邻的第二导电发热条的发热部之间的 距离；所述第一导电发热条中部发热部与外侧相邻的第二导电发热条的发热部之间的距离大于第二导电发热条的该发热部与第二导电发热条自身的外侧相邻的发热部之间的距离。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电热膜，其特征在于：第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条的发热部相互平行的部分之间的间距始终保持一致，相邻的两段第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条的发热部相互平行的部分的中线之间的距离d1整体呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置。
  8. 根据权利要求1至3之一所述的电热膜，其特征在于：还包括胶粘层，胶粘层粘结固定设置在下绝缘层的下侧上，胶粘层的下侧设有离型纸。
  9. 根据权利要求1至3之一所述的可靠性较好的电热膜，其特征在于：外包覆层还包括第三绝缘层；发热芯层由两条导电发热条铺设构成，两条导电发热条按其所处的上下位置的不同分别称为上导电发热条和下导电发热条；上导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部和负极连接部；上导电发热条的正极连接部和负极连接部之间的部分为发热部；发热部采用S型设置，发热部在前后方向上相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距d2呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置；上绝缘层通过热熔胶热压粘结固定在下绝缘层和发热芯层上，从而发热芯层的上发热芯层被包覆于上绝缘层和下绝缘层之间；
    下导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有第二正极连接部和第二负极连接部；下导电发热条的第二正极连接部和第二负极连接部之间的部分为发热部；发热部采用S型设置，发热部在前后方向上相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐缩小设置；下导电发热条的第二负极连接部和发热部在上下方向上位置与上导电发热条的负极连接部和发热部的位置相对应；第三绝缘层通过热熔胶热压粘结固定在下绝缘层的下侧和下发热芯层上，从而发热芯层的下发热芯层被包覆于第三绝缘层和下绝缘层之间；
    电连接片组件还包括第二正极电连接片；正极电连接片固定且电连接在上绝缘层和下绝缘层包覆的正极连接部上；第二正极电连接片固定且电连接在下绝缘层和第三绝缘层包覆的第二正极连接部的部位上；负极电连接固定且电连接在上绝缘层和下绝缘层包覆的负极连接部的部位及下绝缘层和第三绝缘层包覆的第二负极连接部的部位上。
  10. 一种电热膜，包括外包覆层、发热芯层和电连接片组件；包覆外层由上绝缘层和下绝缘层组成，发热芯层被包覆外层包覆，位于包覆外层的上绝缘层和下 绝缘层之间；其特征在于：发热芯层由导电发热条铺设构成，导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部和负极连接部，导电发热条的正极连接部和负极连接部之间的部分为发热部；发热部的导电截面积由内至外逐渐缩小设置；电连接片组件包括正极电连接片和负极电连接片；正极电连接片和负极电连接片均为金属导电材料制成；正极电连接片固定连接电连接在外包覆层上，且电连接在正极连接部上；负极电连接片接固定连接在外包覆层上，且电连接在负极连接部上。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电热膜，其特征在于：发热部相互平行的相邻部分之间的间距呈由内至外逐渐增大设置。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的电热膜，其特征在于：发热芯层由两条导电发热条铺设构成，两条导电发热条按其所处的前后位置的不同分别称为第一导电发热条和第二导电发热条；第一导电发热条的首尾两头分别设有正极连接部和负极连接部，第二导电发热条的一头设有第二正极连接部，其另一端与第一条导电发热条的负极连接部电连接；正极连接部、第二正极连接部和负极连接部从前至后依次设置在电热膜的前部左部上；两条导电发热条的正极连接部和负极连接部之间的部分均为发热部。
  13. 根据权利要求1或10所述的电热膜，其特征在于：还包括上屏蔽层；外包覆层还包括第四绝缘层；发热芯层被包覆于第四绝缘层和下绝缘层之间；上屏蔽层被包覆于上绝缘层和第四绝缘层之间；
    正极电连接片电连接在第四绝缘层和下绝缘层包覆的正极连接部的部位上；负极电连接片电连接在上绝缘层和第四绝缘层包覆的上屏蔽层的部位上及第四绝缘层和下绝缘层包覆的负极连接部的部位上。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电热膜，其特征在于：还包括下屏蔽层；外包覆层还包括第五绝缘层；下屏蔽层被包覆于第五绝缘层和下绝缘层之间；
    负极电连接片电连接在上绝缘层和第四绝缘层包覆的上屏蔽层的部位上、第四绝缘层和下绝缘层包覆的负极连接部的部位上以及下绝缘层和第五绝缘层包覆的下屏蔽层的相应部位上。
PCT/CN2022/083940 2021-04-14 2022-03-30 电热膜 WO2022218154A1 (zh)

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CN204046845U (zh) * 2014-06-13 2014-12-24 吴章杰 一种新型陶瓷加热片
CN113015275A (zh) * 2021-04-17 2021-06-22 常州长青科技股份有限公司 电加热膜
CN113163531A (zh) * 2021-04-14 2021-07-23 常州长青科技股份有限公司 电热膜
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JP2001351762A (ja) * 2000-06-09 2001-12-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 赤外線電球、その製造方法及び加熱・暖房装置
JP2003123944A (ja) * 2001-10-05 2003-04-25 Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd 箔状抵抗発熱素子、その製造方法および面状ヒーター
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