WO2022217886A1 - 一种多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘及工作方法 - Google Patents

一种多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘及工作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022217886A1
WO2022217886A1 PCT/CN2021/126538 CN2021126538W WO2022217886A1 WO 2022217886 A1 WO2022217886 A1 WO 2022217886A1 CN 2021126538 W CN2021126538 W CN 2021126538W WO 2022217886 A1 WO2022217886 A1 WO 2022217886A1
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cutter head
ring
annular cutter
transmission
gear
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PCT/CN2021/126538
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English (en)
French (fr)
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石荣剑
黄丰
岳丰田
张勇
陆路
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中国矿业大学
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Priority to DE112021000143.4T priority Critical patent/DE112021000143T5/de
Publication of WO2022217886A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022217886A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/087Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/11Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • E21D9/112Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads

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  • the invention relates to a shield cutter head and a working method, and is especially suitable for a multi-circle ring assembled shield cutter head used in a shield machine and a working method.
  • shield machines have been widely used due to their advantages of fast excavation speed, good quality of tunnel structure, high safety and little impact on ground buildings.
  • key equipment of the machine With the expansion of the tunnel section, the resistance of the shield cutter head with increasing diameter will increase significantly, and the main shaft needs to provide greater driving force and higher strength. Therefore, the damage of the large diameter shield main shaft is the limit of the shield.
  • the key factor for the expansion of the diameter of the cutter head when the shield tunneling process encounters special circumstances such as boulders with a cross-section smaller than the area of the shield cutter head, the boulders will move with the rotation of the cutter head, resulting in the inability to effectively break the boulders and affect the normal operation of the shield machine.
  • Advance construction The shield cutter head is formed by assembling the independently driven and fixed multi-circle annular cutter head, which can reduce the force and driving force requirements of the shield spindle. Hold the boulder in front of the cutter head, so as to facilitate the breaking of the boulder.
  • a kind of center cutter head and multiple independent annular cutter heads are provided.
  • a plurality of driving devices are driven to rotate independently around the retractable auxiliary shaft fixed on the shield machine, the structure is simple, the use is convenient, and corresponding adjustments can be made according to different driving conditions to improve the efficiency of shield driving.
  • the multi-circle ring assembled shield cutter head of the present invention includes a central cutter head, and the outer side of the central cutter head is provided with multiple layers of mutually independent annular cutter heads. There is a gap that will not interfere with each other, and there is a gap between adjacent circular cutter discs.
  • the center of the central cutter disc is drivingly connected to the main shaft of the shield machine.
  • the circular cutter disc is a ring.
  • the inner ring of each annular cutter head is provided with an outer gear ring of the same size, and the outer ring is provided with an inner gear ring of the same size.
  • a plurality of driving devices on the shield machine are connected, and a plurality of transmission devices support and drive each annular cutter disc to rotate by meshing with the inner gear ring and the outer gear ring respectively.
  • the transmission device is a transmission gear, and the transmission gear meshes with the inner gear ring and the outer gear ring arranged on the annular cutter head to realize the support and drive of the annular cutter head;
  • a telescopic auxiliary shaft is connected between the transmission device and the driving device, and a driving motor is arranged on the telescopic auxiliary shaft.
  • all the transmission gears are meshed with the inner gear and the outer ring of the annular cutter head at the same time; or some transmission gears are meshed with the inner gear of the annular cutter head alone, and some of the moving gears are meshed with the inner gear of the annular cutter head.
  • the outer ring gear of the circular cutter head is meshed, and the transmission gears meshing with the inner gear or the outer ring gear are respectively set relative to the center of the circle; The size of the disc and the gear ratio of the transmission gear are determined.
  • the width of the annular cutter head is much larger than the width of the transmission gear, or if the inner and outer gear rings of the annular cutter head and the transmission gear are required to form a large gear ratio, then The latter method is used for meshing; on the contrary, if the width of the annular cutter head is close to the width of the transmission gear, the transmission gear can be meshed with the inner and outer ring gears at the same time to improve the transmission efficiency.
  • the main shaft drives the central cutter head to rotate, and each annular cutter head is driven by a corresponding number of driving devices through a plurality of transmission gears.
  • the inner gear ring and the outer gear ring of the annular cutter head are driven Driven by the gear, it rotates around the retractable countershaft;
  • the advancing stroke of the annular cutter head can be changed, thereby forming a stepped annular excavation section, thereby stabilizing the front excavation surface.
  • the stress state of the rock in front of the annular cutter head can be changed, and the rock breaking efficiency can be effectively improved.
  • the main shaft of the shield machine connected to it only needs to drive the central cutter head to rotate, and the other annular cutter heads are independently driven by multiple driving devices to rotate independently around the retractable auxiliary shaft fixed on the shield machine.
  • the number of driving devices can be adjusted according to the needs, which can greatly reduce the force and driving force requirements of the main shaft and the auxiliary shaft.
  • expanding the shield cutter head it is enough to continue to assemble a new annular cutter head outside without adjustment. Internal existing primary and secondary shafts.
  • the advancing stroke and angle of the disc can meet the requirements of rock breaking under special conditions, and the steering and rotation speed of different annular cutter discs can be adjusted independently, which greatly improves the rock breaking efficiency when the shield is advanced.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a multi-circle ring assembled shield cutter head according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the independent driving of different annular cutter heads in the multi-circle annular assembled shield cutter head of the present invention.
  • the multi-circle ring assembled shield cutter head of the present invention includes a central cutter head 3, and the outer side of the central cutter head 3 is provided with multiple layers of mutually independent annular cutter heads 2. There is a gap that will not interfere with each other between the annular cutter discs 2, and there is a gap between adjacent annular cutter discs 2.
  • the center of the central cutter disc 3 is drivingly connected with the main shaft 4 of the shield machine.
  • the annular cutter head 2 is an annular structure
  • the inner ring of each annular cutter head 2 is provided with an outer gear ring of the same size
  • the outer ring is provided with an inner gear ring of the same size
  • the external gear ring is connected with a plurality of driving devices 5 arranged on the shield machine through a plurality of transmission devices 7, and the plurality of transmission devices 7 support and drive each annular cutter head by meshing the inner and outer ring gears respectively. 2 Turn.
  • the transmission device 7 is a transmission gear, and the transmission gear meshes with the inner gear ring and the outer gear ring set on the annular cutter head 2 to realize the support and drive of the annular cutter head 2;
  • the device 5 is connected, and a telescopic auxiliary shaft 6 is connected between the transmission device 7 and the driving device 5 , and a driving motor 8 is arranged on the telescopic auxiliary shaft 6 .
  • all the transmission gears are meshed with the inner and outer ring gears of the annular cutter head 2 at the same time; or some of the transmission gears are individually meshed with the inner gear of the annular cutter head 2, and some of the moving gears are individually meshed with
  • the outer gear ring of the annular cutter head 2 is meshed, and the transmission gears meshing with the inner gear ring or the outer gear ring are respectively arranged opposite to the center of the circle; The size of the cutter head 2 and the gear ratio of the transmission gear are determined.
  • the width of the annular cutter head 2 is much larger than the width of the transmission gear, or the inner and outer gear rings of the annular cutter head 2 and the transmission gear are required to form a large gear ratio, the latter method is used for meshing; otherwise, if the width of the annular cutter head 2 is close to the width of the transmission gear, the transmission gear can be meshed with the inner and outer ring gears at the same time to improve transmission efficiency.
  • a working method of a multi-circle ring assembled shield cutter head the steps of which are as follows:
  • each annular cutter head 2 is driven by a corresponding number of driving devices 5 through a plurality of transmission gears.
  • the inner gear of the annular cutter head 2 and the The outer ring gear rotates around the retractable secondary shaft 6 driven by the transmission gear;
  • the advancing stroke of the annular cutter head 2 can be changed, thereby forming a stepped annular excavation section, thereby stabilizing the front excavation surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘,包括中心刀盘(3)和多圈相互独立驱动旋转的圆环形刀盘(2),圆环形刀盘(2)分别由多个驱动装置(5)独立驱动而绕固定在盾构机上的可伸缩副轴旋转;盾构机主轴仅需驱动中心刀盘旋转,降低了主轴的强度及驱动力需求,有利于扩大盾构整体刀盘直径,根据隧道直径和工程地质条件调整圆环形刀盘的宽度和组装数量,可形成不同直径的盾构刀盘;根据需要调整不同圆环形刀盘环绕的可伸缩副轴和驱动装置的数量和强度要求,满足不同地层地质条件的需求;调节可伸缩副轴的长度调整不同圆环形刀盘的推进行程和角度,不同圆环形刀盘的转向及转速均可单独调整,有效提高破岩效率。还公开了包括该盾构刀盘的使用方法。

Description

一种多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘及工作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种盾构刀盘及工作方法,尤其适用于盾构机上使用的一种多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘及工作方法。
背景技术
隧道工程建设中,盾构机因具有掘进速度快、形成隧道结构质量好、安全性高以及对地面建筑物影响小等优势已被广泛地应用,依靠主轴驱动旋转的盾构刀盘是盾构机的关键设备。随着隧道断面的扩大,直径越来越大的盾构刀盘受到前方的阻力会明显增加,需要主轴提供更大的驱动力和更高的强度,所以大直径盾构主轴的损坏是限制盾构刀盘直径扩大的关键因素。此外,当盾构机掘进过程中遇到断面小于盾构刀盘面积的孤石等特殊情况,孤石会随着刀盘的旋转而移动,造成无法有效破碎孤石,影响盾构机的正常推进施工。通过独立驱动和固定的多圈圆环形刀盘组装形成盾构刀盘,可减小盾构主轴的受力和驱动力需求,而且不同圆环形刀盘推进进程和角度的调整,可以卡住刀盘前方的孤石,从而利于孤石的破碎。
发明内容
为实现上述技术目的,提供一种由中心刀盘和多圈相互独立的圆环形刀盘组装而成,中心刀盘由盾构机的主轴驱动,而不同的圆环形刀盘分别独立由多个驱动装置驱动而绕固定在盾构机上的可伸缩副轴独立旋转,其结构简单,使用方便,针对不同的掘进情况都能做出的对应的调整以提高盾构掘进的效率。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明的多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘,包括中心刀盘,中心刀盘外侧设有多层相互独立的圆环形刀盘,多层圆环形刀盘之间留有不会互相干扰的间隙,相邻的圆环形刀盘之间留有间隙,所述中心刀盘的圆心处与盾构机的主轴驱动连接,所述圆环形刀盘为环状结构,每个圆环形刀盘的内环处设有尺寸相同的外齿圈,外环处设有尺寸相同的内齿圈,内齿圈和外齿圈通过多个传动装置与设置在盾构机上的多个驱动装置相连接,多个传动装置通过分别啮合内齿圈和外齿圈从而支撑和驱动各个圆环形刀盘转动。
进一步,所述传动装置为传动齿轮,传动齿轮与圆环形刀盘上设置的内齿圈和外齿圈相互啮合,实现圆环形刀盘的支撑和驱动;每个传动装置分别与一个驱动装置连接,传动装置与驱动装置之间连接有可伸缩副轴,可伸缩副轴上设有驱动马达。
进一步,根据需要,所述所有的传动齿轮同时与圆环形刀盘的内齿圈和外齿圈啮合; 或者部分传动齿轮单独与圆环形刀盘的内齿圈啮合,部分动齿轮单独与圆环形刀盘的外齿圈啮合,分别与内齿圈或者外齿圈啮合的传动齿轮以圆心为中心相对设置;传动齿轮与内齿圈和或外齿圈啮合的方式根据圆环形刀盘的尺寸以及传动齿轮的齿比决定,若圆环形刀盘的宽度远大于传动齿轮的宽度,或者需要圆环形刀盘的内齿圈和外齿圈与传动齿轮构成大齿比,则使用后一种方法进行啮合;反之若圆环形刀盘的宽度与传动齿轮的宽度接近,则可以使传动齿轮同时啮合内齿圈和外齿圈以提高传动效率。
一种使用上述任一权利要求所述多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘的工作方法,其步骤为:
a.根据隧道直径和工程地质条件调整圆环形刀盘的宽度和组装数量,在圆环形刀盘上完成刀具的布置;根据需求调整所使用的各个圆环形刀盘连接驱动装置的数量,然后在每个驱动装置上设置可伸缩副轴,可伸缩副轴的强度根据需要选择;
b.在工作井中将中心刀盘安装在盾构机的主轴上,将多个圆环形刀盘通过传动装置与对应的可伸缩副轴连接,实现驱动装置与传动齿轮的连接,并完成调试工作;
c.盾构推进时,主轴驱动中心刀盘旋转,每个圆环形刀盘通过多个传动齿轮被对应数量的驱动装置分别驱动,圆环形刀盘的内齿圈和外齿圈在传动齿轮的带动下绕可伸缩副轴旋转;
d.盾构推进结束后,依次拆卸圆环形刀盘,方便盾构机刀盘的起吊和拆卸施工,圆环形刀盘和中心刀盘则在其它工程中重复使用。
进一步,若盾构机在掘进过程中遇到孤石时,通过调整不同可伸缩副轴向盾构机推进前方伸缩不同长度,从而改变不同圆环形刀盘的推进行程及角度,便于破碎孤石;
进一步,通过调整固定同一圆环形刀盘的可伸缩副轴的长度,可以改变圆环形刀盘的推进行程,从而形成阶梯状的圆环型开挖断面,从而稳定前方开挖面。
进一步,通过独立调整不同圆环形刀盘之间的转速及转向,从而改变圆环形刀盘前方岩石的受力状态,有效提高破岩效率。
有益效果:
本装置在使用时与之连接的盾构机主轴仅需带动中心刀盘旋转,其他圆环形刀盘分别独立由多个驱动装置驱动而绕固定在盾构机上的可伸缩副轴单独旋转,驱动装置的数量可根据需求调整,这样可以大大降低主轴和副轴的受力及驱动力需求,当扩大盾构刀盘时,继续在外部组装新的圆环形刀盘即可,不需要调整内部已有的主轴和副轴。根据隧道直径和工程地质条件调整圆环形刀盘的宽度和组装数量,可形成不同直径的盾构刀盘,适应不同的工程要求;通过调节可伸缩副轴的长度,调整不同圆环形刀盘的推进行 程和角度,满足特殊条件下的破岩要求,而不同圆环形刀盘的转向及转速均可独立调整,大大提高盾构推进时的破岩效率。
附图说明:
图1为本发明多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘的正视图。
图2为本发明多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘中不同圆环形刀盘独立驱动的示意图。
图中:1-刀具,2-圆环形刀盘,3-中心刀盘,4-主轴,5-驱动装置,6-可伸缩副轴,7-传动装置,8-马达。
具体实施方式:
下面结合附图对本申请的实施例做进一步说明。
如图1和图2所示,本发明的多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘,包括中心刀盘3,中心刀盘3外侧设有多层相互独立的圆环形刀盘2,多层圆环形刀盘2之间留有不会互相干扰的间隙,相邻的圆环形刀盘2之间留有间隙,所述中心刀盘3的圆心处与盾构机的主轴4驱动连接,所述圆环形刀盘2为环状结构,每个圆环形刀盘2的内环处设有尺寸相同的外齿圈,外环处设有尺寸相同的内齿圈,内齿圈和外齿圈通过多个传动装置7与设置在盾构机上的多个驱动装置5相连接,多个传动装置7通过分别啮合内齿圈和外齿圈从而支撑和驱动各个圆环形刀盘2转动。传动装置7为传动齿轮,传动齿轮与圆环形刀盘2上设置的内齿圈和外齿圈相互啮合,实现圆环形刀盘2的支撑和驱动;每个传动装置7分别与一个驱动装置5连接,传动装置7与驱动装置5之间连接有可伸缩副轴6,可伸缩副轴6上设有驱动马达8。根据需要,所述所有的传动齿轮同时与圆环形刀盘2的内齿圈和外齿圈啮合;或者部分传动齿轮单独与圆环形刀盘2的内齿圈啮合,部分动齿轮单独与圆环形刀盘2的外齿圈啮合,分别与内齿圈或者外齿圈啮合的传动齿轮以圆心为中心相对设置;传动齿轮与内齿圈和或外齿圈啮合的方式根据圆环形刀盘2的尺寸以及传动齿轮的齿比决定,若圆环形刀盘2的宽度远大于传动齿轮的宽度,或者需要圆环形刀盘2的内齿圈和外齿圈与传动齿轮构成大齿比,则使用后一种方法进行啮合;反之若圆环形刀盘2的宽度与传动齿轮的宽度接近,则可以使传动齿轮同时啮合内齿圈和外齿圈以提高传动效率。
一种多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘的工作方法,其步骤如下:
a.根据隧道直径和工程地质条件调整圆环形刀盘2的宽度和组装数量,在圆环形刀盘2上完成刀具1的布置;根据需求调整所使用的各个圆环形刀盘2连接驱动装置5的数量,然后在每个驱动装置5上设置可伸缩副轴6,可伸缩副轴6的强度根据需要选择;
b.在工作井中将中心刀盘3安装在盾构机的主轴4上,将多个圆环形刀盘2通过传动装置7与对应的可伸缩副轴6连接,实现驱动装置5与传动齿轮的连接,并完成调试工作;
c.盾构推进时,主轴4驱动中心刀盘3旋转,每个圆环形刀盘2通过多个传动齿轮被对应数量的驱动装置5分别驱动,圆环形刀盘2的内齿圈和外齿圈在传动齿轮的带动下绕可伸缩副轴6旋转;
d.盾构推进结束后,依次拆卸圆环形刀盘2,方便盾构机刀盘的起吊和拆卸施工,圆环形刀盘2和中心刀盘3则在其它工程中重复使用。
若盾构机在掘进过程中遇到孤石时,通过调整不同可伸缩副轴6向盾构机推进前方伸缩不同长度,从而改变不同圆环形刀盘2的推进行程及角度,便于破碎孤石;
通过调整固定同一圆环形刀盘2的可伸缩副轴6的长度,可以改变圆环形刀盘2的推进行程,从而形成阶梯状的圆环型开挖断面,从而稳定前方开挖面。
通过独立调整不同圆环形刀盘2之间的转速及转向,从而改变圆环形刀盘2前方岩石的受力状态,有效提高破岩效率。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘,其特征在于:它包括中心刀盘(3),中心刀盘(3)外侧设有多层相互独立的圆环形刀盘(2),多层圆环形刀盘(2)之间留有不会互相干扰的间隙,相邻的圆环形刀盘(2)之间留有间隙,所述中心刀盘(3)的圆心处与盾构机的主轴(4)驱动连接,所述圆环形刀盘(2)为环状结构,每个圆环形刀盘(2)的内环处设有尺寸相同的外齿圈,外环处设有尺寸相同的内齿圈,内齿圈和外齿圈通过多个传动装置(7)与设置在盾构机上的多个驱动装置(5)相连接,多个传动装置(7)通过分别啮合内齿圈和外齿圈从而支撑和驱动各个圆环形刀盘(2)转动;
    所述传动装置(7)为传动齿轮,传动齿轮与圆环形刀盘(2)上设置的内齿圈和外齿圈相互啮合,实现圆环形刀盘(2)的支撑和驱动;每个传动装置(7)分别与一个驱动装置(5)连接,传动装置(7)与驱动装置(5)之间连接有可伸缩副轴(6),可伸缩副轴(6)上设有驱动马达(8)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘,其特征在于:根据需要,所述所有的传动齿轮同时与圆环形刀盘(2)的内齿圈和外齿圈啮合;或者部分传动齿轮单独与圆环形刀盘(2)的内齿圈啮合,部分动齿轮单独与圆环形刀盘(2)的外齿圈啮合,分别与内齿圈或者外齿圈啮合的传动齿轮以圆心为中心相对设置;传动齿轮与内齿圈和或外齿圈啮合的方式根据圆环形刀盘(2)的尺寸以及传动齿轮的齿比决定,若圆环形刀盘(2)的宽度远大于传动齿轮的宽度,或者需要圆环形刀盘(2)的内齿圈和外齿圈与传动齿轮构成大齿比,则使用后一种方法进行啮合;反之若圆环形刀盘(2)的宽度与传动齿轮的宽度接近,则可以使传动齿轮同时啮合内齿圈和外齿圈以提高传动效率。
  3. 一种使用上述任一权利要求所述多圈圆环组装式盾构刀盘的工作方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
    a.根据隧道直径和工程地质条件调整圆环形刀盘(2)的宽度和组装数量,在圆环形刀盘(2)上完成刀具(1)的布置;根据需求调整所使用的各个圆环形刀盘(2)连接驱动装置(5)的数量,然后在每个驱动装置(5)上设置可伸缩副轴(6),可伸缩副轴(6)的强度根据需要选择;
    b.在工作井中将中心刀盘(3)安装在盾构机的主轴(4)上,将多个圆环形刀盘 (2)通过传动装置(7)与对应的可伸缩副轴(6)连接,实现驱动装置(5)与传动齿轮的连接,并完成调试工作;
    c.盾构推进时,主轴(4)驱动中心刀盘(3)旋转,每个圆环形刀盘(2)通过多个传动齿轮被对应数量的驱动装置(5)分别驱动,圆环形刀盘(2)的内齿圈和外齿圈在传动齿轮的带动下绕可伸缩副轴(6)旋转;
    d.盾构推进结束后,依次拆卸圆环形刀盘(2),方便盾构机刀盘的起吊和拆卸施工,圆环形刀盘(2)和中心刀盘(3)则在其它工程中重复使用。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述工作方法,其特征在于:若盾构机在掘进过程中遇到孤石时,通过调整不同可伸缩副轴(6)向盾构机推进前方伸缩不同长度,从而改变不同圆环形刀盘(2)的推进行程及角度,便于破碎孤石。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述工作方法,其特征在于:通过调整固定同一圆环形刀盘(2)的可伸缩副轴(6)的长度,可以改变圆环形刀盘(2)的推进行程,从而形成阶梯状的圆环型开挖断面,从而稳定前方开挖面。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述工作方法,其特征在于:通过独立调整不同圆环形刀盘(2)之间的转速及转向,从而改变圆环形刀盘(2)前方岩石的受力状态,有效提高破岩效率。
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