WO2022210463A1 - 制御装置および制御方法 - Google Patents
制御装置および制御方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022210463A1 WO2022210463A1 PCT/JP2022/014795 JP2022014795W WO2022210463A1 WO 2022210463 A1 WO2022210463 A1 WO 2022210463A1 JP 2022014795 W JP2022014795 W JP 2022014795W WO 2022210463 A1 WO2022210463 A1 WO 2022210463A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- temperature
- battery
- cooling water
- control unit
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 215
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/0073—Control systems or circuits characterised by particular algorithms or computational models, e.g. fuzzy logic or dynamic models
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
- B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
- H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
- B60K2001/005—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric storage means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
- B60Y2400/30—Sensors
- B60Y2400/302—Temperature sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
- B60Y2400/30—Sensors
- B60Y2400/308—Electric sensors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device and control method for controlling a battery cooling device.
- Patent Document 1 It has been proposed to cool the battery in order to suppress deterioration of the battery mounted on the running electric vehicle.
- Patent Document 1 the battery is cooled by heat exchange between the cooling water circulating in the cooling water circuit and the battery. After the heat exchange, the cooling water is cooled again by the low-pressure refrigerant circulating through the refrigeration cycle in the chiller.
- the technique described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the power consumption of the electric compressor, which is a component of the refrigeration cycle, increases.
- the present invention has been made in view of these points, and an object thereof is to provide a technique capable of reducing the power required for cooling the battery.
- a control device is a control device that controls an electric compressor included in a refrigeration cycle that circulates a secondary refrigerant for cooling cooling water that exchanges heat with a battery, and comprises: an acquiring unit that acquires the temperature of the battery, a specifying unit that specifies the charging rate of the battery, and a cooling start cell temperature based on the charging rate specified by the specifying unit, and the temperature acquired by the acquiring unit is a cooling control unit that starts cooling the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant by operating the electric compressor on condition that the cooling start cell temperature is higher than the determined cooling start cell temperature, the cooling control unit comprising: When the specifying unit specifies the charging rate of 1, the cooling start cell temperature is determined to be higher than when the specifying unit specifies a second charging rate higher than the first charging rate.
- the cooling control unit may cool the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant so that the temperature in the cell does not exceed a predetermined upper temperature limit until the battery runs out.
- the cooling control unit cools the cooling water with a chiller for exchanging heat between the cooling water and the secondary refrigerant, and switches between an open state in which a refrigerant expansion valve is opened and a closed state in which the refrigerant expansion valve is closed.
- the cooling amount for cooling the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant supplied to the chiller through the refrigerant expansion valve is controlled, and in the time until the battery runs out of the battery, in the cell
- the ratio of the time during which the refrigerant expansion valve is kept in the open state with respect to the entire time may be determined so that the temperature of is lower than the upper limit temperature.
- the control device causes heat exchange between the secondary refrigerant and indoor air in an evaporator included in the refrigeration cycle, thereby lowering the temperature in the room so that the temperature acquired by the acquisition unit is higher than the transition temperature.
- the cooling control unit is cooling the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant
- the heat exchange between the secondary refrigerant and the indoor air is stopped every predetermined time for a time shorter than the predetermined time.
- the control device further includes an output detection unit that detects the output of the battery, and the air conditioning control unit detects heat generated by the secondary refrigerant and the indoor air when the output of the battery is equal to or less than a reference value. You don't have to stop the exchange.
- the specifying unit specifies the degree of deterioration of the battery, and the cooling control unit specifies the first degree of deterioration in a state where the charging rate specified by the specifying unit is equal to or higher than a predetermined value. in a state where the charging rate is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the cooling start cell temperature may be determined to be higher than when the specifying unit specifies a second charging rate higher than the first charging rate. good.
- the acquisition unit is configured to measure a first temperature of the cooling water measured by a first water temperature sensor arranged upstream of a radiator that exchanges heat between the cooling water and outside air in a cooling water circuit that exchanges heat between the battery and the cooling water.
- a water temperature and a second water temperature of the cooling water measured by a second water temperature sensor arranged downstream of the radiator are obtained, and a value obtained by subtracting the second water temperature from the first water temperature is equal to or greater than a first reference value.
- the switching unit for switching the flow path of the cooling water is controlled so that the cooling water circulates in the first cooling water circuit passing through the radiator, and the second water temperature is subtracted from the first water temperature.
- a switching control unit that controls the switching unit so that the cooling water circulates through a second cooling water circuit that does not pass through the radiator when the value is less than a second reference value that is smaller than the first reference value. may be further provided.
- the cooling control unit identifies an estimated arrival time at which the vehicle equipped with the control device reaches a destination, and reduces the temperature in the battery cells to a predetermined pre-stop temperature or less by the estimated arrival time. , the cooling water may be cooled by the secondary refrigerant.
- the acquisition unit acquires the temperatures of the plurality of cells of the battery, and the cooling control unit determines that the highest temperature among the temperatures in the cells acquired by the acquisition unit is higher than the cooling start cell temperature. on the condition that cooling of the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant may be started.
- a control method is a control method for controlling an electric compressor included in a refrigeration cycle that circulates a secondary refrigerant for cooling cooling water that exchanges heat with a battery, the battery cell identifying the charging rate of the battery; determining a cooling start cell temperature based on the identified charging rate; and determining the obtained temperature from the determined cooling start cell temperature and a step of starting cooling of the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant by operating the electric compressor on the condition that it is high, and determining the cooling start cell temperature includes setting the first charging rate to When specified, the cooling start cell temperature higher than when a second charge rate higher than the first charge rate is specified is determined.
- 4 shows an example of control of a switching unit by a switching control unit
- 4 shows an example of control of a switching unit by a switching control unit
- 4 is a flow chart showing a processing procedure in which a control device cools cooling water with a secondary refrigerant
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a vehicle 100 equipped with a control device 1 of this embodiment.
- the control device 1 of the present embodiment cools the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant in the cooling water circuit that cools the battery 2 during discharging or charging with the cooling water.
- the control device 1 can reduce the electric power required for cooling the battery 2 by changing the timing of starting the cooling of the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant according to the charging rate of the battery 2 .
- a vehicle 100 includes a control device 1, a battery 2, a radiator 3, a radiator fan 4, a switching unit 5, a pump 6, a chiller 7, a water temperature sensor 8, a water temperature sensor 9, an electric compressor 11, a condenser 12, a condenser fan 13, and a refrigerant expansion valve. 14 , an evaporator 15 , a blower fan 16 and a refrigerant expansion valve 17 .
- the battery 2 is, for example, a lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles.
- the battery 2 generates heat during discharging and charging.
- the battery 2 is cooled by exchanging heat with cooling water circulating in the cooling water circuit.
- the upper part of FIG. 1 shows the cooling water circuit.
- the cooling water circuit causes heat exchange between the battery 2 and cooling water, and circulates the cooling water in the cooling water circuit.
- the radiator 3 exchanges heat between the cooling water and the outside air in the cooling water circuit.
- the radiator fan 4 rotates to generate a flow of outside air passing through the radiator 3 , thereby cooling the cooling water passing through the radiator 3 .
- the switching unit 5 switches the cooling water flow path.
- the switching unit 5 is a valve that switches whether cooling water is supplied to the radiator 3 .
- a pump 6 generates a flow of cooling water in the cooling water circuit.
- the chiller 7 cools the cooling water by exchanging heat between the cooling water and the secondary refrigerant.
- the chiller 7 vaporizes the secondary refrigerant by exchanging heat between the low-temperature, low-pressure atomized secondary refrigerant that has passed through the refrigerant expansion valve 17 and the high-temperature cooling water.
- the secondary refrigerant cools the cooling water by taking heat from the surrounding cooling water as it evaporates.
- the water temperature sensor 8 (corresponding to the first water temperature sensor) is arranged upstream of the radiator 3 in the cooling water circuit.
- a water temperature sensor 8 measures a first water temperature of cooling water flowing into the radiator 3 .
- a water temperature sensor 9 (corresponding to a second water temperature sensor) is arranged downstream of the radiator 3 in the cooling water circuit. The water temperature sensor 9 measures the second water temperature of the cooling water after heat exchange with the outside air in the radiator 3 .
- FIG. 1 shows a refrigeration cycle that repeats evaporation and condensation of the secondary refrigerant.
- a refrigerating cycle circulates a secondary refrigerant for cooling cooling water.
- the electric compressor 11 compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure secondary refrigerant vaporized by heat exchange with the cooling water in the chiller 7 to a high-temperature, high-pressure state.
- the condenser 12 cools and condenses the high-temperature and high-pressure secondary refrigerant with the cooling air generated by the condenser fan 13 .
- the refrigerant expansion valve 14 , the evaporator 15 and the blower fan 16 are provided inside the vehicle 100 .
- the refrigerant expansion valve 14 forcibly sprays the liquid secondary refrigerant condensed by the condenser 12 through a small hole, thereby expanding the secondary refrigerant into a low-temperature, low-pressure mist.
- the refrigerant expansion valve 14 supplies a low-temperature, low-pressure atomized secondary refrigerant to the evaporator 15 .
- the refrigerant expansion valve 14 switches between an open state in which the secondary refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator 15 and a closed state in which the secondary refrigerant is not supplied to the evaporator 15 based on a control signal from the control device 1 .
- the evaporator 15 evaporates the secondary refrigerant by exchanging heat between the low-temperature, low-pressure atomized secondary refrigerant that has passed through the refrigerant expansion valve 14 and the air in the vehicle compartment.
- the secondary refrigerant lowers the temperature in the vehicle interior by taking heat from the air in the vehicle interior when it evaporates.
- the blower fan 16 creates an air flow so that the air in the vehicle interior passes through the evaporator 15, thereby exchanging heat between the secondary refrigerant and the air in the vehicle interior.
- the refrigerant expansion valve 17 forcibly sprays the liquid secondary refrigerant from small holes, thereby expanding the secondary refrigerant into a low-temperature, low-pressure mist.
- the refrigerant expansion valve 17 supplies low-temperature, low-pressure atomized secondary refrigerant to the chiller 7 .
- the refrigerant expansion valve 17 switches between an open state in which the secondary refrigerant is supplied to the chiller 7 and a closed state in which the secondary refrigerant is not supplied to the chiller 7 based on a control signal from the control device 1 .
- the control device 1 is, for example, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).
- the control device 1 controls cooling of the cooling water by the radiator 3 .
- a control device 1 controls an electric compressor 11 included in a refrigeration cycle that circulates a secondary refrigerant.
- the control device 1 measures the terminal voltage of the battery 2 and identifies the charging rate of the battery 2 based on the measured terminal voltage.
- the control device 1 acquires the temperature inside the cell of the battery 2 measured by the cell temperature sensor provided inside the cell of the battery 2 .
- the control device 1 determines the cooling start cell temperature for starting the cooling of the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant. At this time, the controller 1 determines a lower cooling start cell temperature as the charging rate of the identified battery 2 is higher. On the condition that the temperature in the cell is higher than the determined cooling start cell temperature, the control device 1 operates the electric compressor 11 to start cooling the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant.
- the temperature inside the cells of the battery 2 rises even when the control device 1 is cooling the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant.
- the control device 1 determines a high temperature as the cooling start cell temperature for starting cooling of the battery 2 . In this way, the control device 1 can reduce the electric power required for cooling the battery 2 by delaying the timing of starting the cooling of the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant.
- control device 1 determines a low temperature as the cooling start cell temperature for starting cooling of battery 2 . In this way, the control device 1 can suppress an increase in the temperature inside the cells of the battery 2 by early starting cooling of the battery 2 with the secondary refrigerant.
- FIG. 2 shows the main configuration of vehicle 100 .
- Vehicle 100 includes control device 1 , switching unit 5 , water temperature sensor 8 , water temperature sensor 9 , refrigerant expansion valve 14 , refrigerant expansion valve 17 , cell temperature sensor 21 , voltage sensor 22 and current sensor 23 .
- the control device 1 includes a storage section 101 and a control section 102 .
- the cell temperature sensor 21 measures the temperature inside the cells of the battery 2 .
- a plurality of cell temperature sensors 21 are arranged in the plurality of cells of the battery 2 respectively. It is assumed that a plurality of cell temperature sensors 21 are arranged for each cell.
- the cell temperature sensor 21 is preferably arranged at a position where the temperature becomes the highest in the cell.
- the cell temperature sensor 21 inputs the measurement result of the temperature inside the cell to the acquisition unit 201 .
- the voltage sensor 22 measures the terminal voltage of the battery 2 .
- the voltage sensor 22 inputs the measurement result of the terminal voltage of the battery 2 to the identification unit 202 and the output detection unit 203 .
- Current sensor 23 measures the current flowing through battery 2 .
- the current sensor 23 inputs the current measurement result to the identification unit 202 and the output detection unit 203 .
- the storage unit 101 is composed of, for example, ROM (Read Only Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory).
- the storage unit 101 stores various programs and various data for causing the control unit 102 to function.
- the control unit 102 functions as an acquisition unit 201, an identification unit 202, an output detection unit 203, a cooling control unit 204, an air conditioning control unit 205, and a switching control unit 206 by executing programs stored in the storage unit 101. .
- the acquisition unit 201 acquires the temperature inside the cells of the battery 2 .
- the acquiring unit 201 acquires the internal cell temperature of the battery 2 measured by the cell temperature sensor 21 for each cell.
- Acquisition unit 201 acquires a first water temperature of cooling water measured by water temperature sensor 8 (corresponding to a first water temperature sensor) arranged upstream of radiator 3 .
- Acquisition unit 201 acquires a second water temperature of cooling water measured by water temperature sensor 9 (corresponding to a second water temperature sensor) arranged downstream of radiator 3 .
- the acquisition unit 201 outputs information indicating the acquired temperature in the cell to the cooling control unit 204 and the air conditioning control unit 205 .
- Acquisition unit 201 outputs information indicating the acquired first water temperature and second water temperature to switching control unit 206 .
- the identifying unit 202 identifies the charging rate of the battery 2 . For example, based on the terminal voltage of the battery 2 measured by the voltage sensor 22, the specifying unit 202 specifies the amount of decrease in the terminal voltage of the battery 2 from the fully charged state. The identifying unit 202 identifies the charging rate of the battery 2 based on the identified terminal voltage drop amount of the battery 2 .
- the identification unit 202 identifies the degree of deterioration of the battery 2, such as a decrease in capacity or an increase in internal resistance.
- the identification unit 202 identifies the degree of deterioration of the battery 2 by measuring the voltage and current of the battery 2 with the voltage sensor 22 and the current sensor 23 , respectively, and analyzing the voltage waveform and current waveform of the battery 2 .
- the identification unit 202 outputs information indicating the identified degree of deterioration to the cooling control unit 204 .
- the output detection unit 203 detects the output of the battery 2.
- the output of the battery 2 is, for example, power supplied by the battery 2 .
- the output detection unit 203 detects the output of the battery 2 based on the voltage across the terminals of the battery 2 measured by the voltage sensor 22 and the current flowing through the battery 2 measured by the current sensor 23 .
- the output detection unit 203 notifies the air conditioning control unit 205 of the detected output of the battery 2 .
- the cooling control unit 204 controls cooling of the cooling water by the secondary coolant. First, the cooling control unit 204 determines a cooling start cell temperature for starting cooling of the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant. In the example of this specification, the cooling control unit 204 determines the cooling start cell temperature based on the charging rate specified by the specifying unit 202 .
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the cooling start cell temperature determined by the cooling control unit 204, the charging rate of the battery 2, and the degree of deterioration of the battery 2. As shown in FIG. The vertical axis in FIG. 3 indicates the cooling start cell temperature. The horizontal axis of FIG. 3 indicates the charging rate of the battery 2 .
- cooling start cell temperature when the degree of deterioration of the battery 2 identified by the identification unit 202 is higher than the predetermined reference level, and the temperature when the degree of deterioration of the battery 2 identified is the same as the reference level.
- the cooling start cell temperature and the cooling start cell temperature when the degree of deterioration of the battery 2 specified by the specifying unit 202 is lower than the reference level are shown.
- the cooling control unit 204 determines a higher cooling start cell temperature as the charging rate specified by the specifying unit 202 is lower.
- the specifying unit 202 specifies the first charging rate A1, 2 charging rate A2 is specified.
- the cooling control unit 204 sets the cooling start cell temperature B2 higher than the cooling start cell temperature B2 when the specifying unit 202 specifies the second charging rate A2.
- a high cooling start cell temperature B1 is determined.
- cooling control unit 204 determines a higher cooling start cell temperature in the same manner as when the charging rate of battery 2 is relatively low. In the example of FIG. 3, the cooling control unit 204 causes the specifying unit 202 to specify the same deterioration level as the reference level (corresponding to the first deterioration level) in a state where the charging rate specified by the specifying unit 202 is equal to or higher than the predetermined value E.
- the cooling start cell temperature B3 is higher than the cooling start cell temperature B3 when the specifying unit 202 specifies the degree of deterioration (corresponding to the second degree of deterioration) higher than the reference level in the state where the charging rate is equal to or higher than the predetermined value E.
- a low cooling start cell temperature B3' is determined.
- the predetermined value E indicates, for example, the value of the charging rate corresponding to the intersection of the graphs corresponding to the plurality of deterioration degrees in FIG.
- the cooling control unit 204 operates the electric compressor 11 to start cooling the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant on condition that the temperature in the cells of the battery 2 acquired by the acquisition unit 201 is higher than the determined cooling start cell temperature. do.
- the cooling control unit 204 cools the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant on the condition that the highest temperature among the cell temperatures acquired by the acquisition unit 201 is higher than the cooling start cell temperature. Start.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the temperature inside the cells of the battery 2 and the operation of the cooling control unit 204 .
- the temperature inside the cell shown in FIG. 4 is assumed to be the highest among the temperatures inside the cells of the battery 2 measured by the plurality of cell temperature sensors 21 .
- the cooling control unit 204 does not start cooling the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant when the temperature inside the cell acquired by the acquisition unit 201 is equal to or lower than the pre-shutdown temperature.
- the cooling control unit 204 operates in the minimum cooling mode when the temperature in the cell is higher than the pre-shutdown temperature and the temperature in the cell is equal to or lower than the cooling start cell temperature.
- the cooling control unit 204 does not cool the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant in the minimum cooling mode. In this minimum cooling mode, cooling water is cooled by passing through the radiator 3 .
- the cooling control unit 204 operates in the normal cooling mode when the temperature inside the cell is higher than the cooling start cell temperature and the temperature inside the cell is lower than the transition temperature.
- the cooling control unit 204 operates in the maximum cooling mode when the temperature inside the cell is equal to or higher than the transition temperature.
- the cooling control unit 204 cools the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant in both the normal cooling mode and the maximum cooling mode.
- the air conditioning control unit 205 causes heat exchange between the air in the vehicle compartment and the secondary refrigerant.
- the cooling control unit 204 gives priority to cooling the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant, and the air conditioning control unit 205 limits the heat exchange between the air in the passenger compartment and the secondary refrigerant.
- cooling water is cooled by passing through the radiator 3 as in the minimum cooling mode.
- the temperature of the cooling water is not shown in the example of FIG. operates in the normal cooling mode when the first water temperature measured by is higher than the reference water temperature.
- the reference temperature is defined, for example, by an expert in the field as a temperature suitable for cooling the battery 2 .
- the cooling control unit 204 operates in the minimum cooling mode when the temperature inside the cell is higher than the pre-shutdown temperature but is equal to or lower than the cooling cell temperature.
- the cooling control unit 204 operates in the minimum cooling mode when the temperature in the cell is higher than the cooling start cell temperature but the first water temperature measured by the water temperature sensor 8 is equal to or lower than the reference water temperature.
- the cooling control unit 204 cools the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant so that the temperature inside the cell does not exceed a predetermined upper temperature limit until the battery 2 runs out.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of cooling of the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant by the cooling control unit 204.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 5 indicates the temperature inside the cell and the charging rate of the battery 2 .
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 5 indicates time.
- the time when the temperature inside the cell exceeds the cooling start cell temperature is indicated as 0 second.
- the cooling control unit 204 starts cooling the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant.
- the amount of heat generated by the battery 2 due to the discharge is greater than the amount of cooling by the cooling control unit 204, so the temperature in the cell (thick line in FIG. 5) rises over time.
- the charging rate of the battery 2 decreases with the passage of time due to discharging.
- the cooling control unit 204 identifies the time at which the battery 2 will run out based on the charging rate identified by the identifying unit 202 .
- the cooling control unit 204 adjusts the cooling amount of the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant so that the temperature inside the cell does not exceed the upper limit temperature until the battery 2 runs out of battery.
- the cooling control unit 204 alternately switches the refrigerant expansion valve 17 shown in FIG. By adjusting the amount, the cooling amount of the cooling water by this secondary refrigerant is adjusted.
- the cooling control unit 204 controls the ratio of the time to open the refrigerant expansion valve 17 to the total time so that the temperature in the cell becomes lower than the upper limit temperature when the charging rate of the battery 2 shown in FIG. 5 becomes 0. to decide.
- the cooling control unit 204 controls the refrigerant expansion valve 17 so as to open the refrigerant expansion valve 17 for the determined time.
- the cooling control unit 204 may adjust the cooling amount of the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant by adjusting the output power of the electric compressor 11 .
- the cooling control unit 204 cools the battery 2 to the pre-stop temperature or lower before or after the vehicle 100 stops running. At this time, the cooling control unit 204 cools the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant even if the temperature inside the cell is equal to or lower than the cooling start cell temperature.
- the cooling control unit 204 identifies the scheduled arrival time at which the vehicle 100 equipped with the control device 1 will reach the destination. For example, the cooling control unit 204 determines the travel time required for the vehicle 100 to move from the current position of the vehicle 100 to the destination when the operation accepting unit (not shown) accepts the driver's operation specifying the destination. identify. The cooling control unit 204 identifies the scheduled arrival time based on the current time and the identified travel time.
- the cooling control unit 204 cools the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant so that the temperature in the cells of the battery 2 is lowered to a predetermined pre-shutdown temperature or less by the specified scheduled arrival time. For example, the cooling control unit 204 adjusts the cooling amount of the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant so that the temperature in the battery cells is lowered to a predetermined pre-shutdown temperature or less by the specified scheduled arrival time. Thus, the cooling control unit 204 can suppress deterioration of the battery 2 .
- the cooling control unit 204 is not limited to an example in which the temperature of the battery 2 is lowered to the pre-stop temperature or less by the scheduled arrival time, and for a certain period of time after the vehicle 100 is parked in the parking lot at the destination, the battery 2 is cooled by the secondary refrigerant.
- the battery 2 may be cooled to the pre-shutdown temperature or lower by continuing the cooling.
- Air-conditioning control unit 205 cools the air in the vehicle interior with a secondary refrigerant. Air-conditioning control unit 205 lowers the indoor temperature of vehicle 100 by exchanging heat between the secondary refrigerant and the indoor air in evaporator 15 included in the refrigerating cycle.
- the air conditioning control unit 205 gives priority to cooling the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant over the temperature drop in the vehicle interior with the secondary refrigerant. More specifically, in a state where the cooling control unit 204 is cooling the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant, the air conditioning control unit 205 obtains the secondary refrigerant on condition that the temperature acquired by the acquisition unit 201 is higher than the transition temperature. and the heat exchange with the air in the room is stopped for the stop time every predetermined time. This stop time is a time shorter than a predetermined time.
- the transition temperature is, for example, the upper limit of the internal cell temperature at which the battery 2 can be cooled by the cooling water and the secondary refrigerant without restricting the supply of the secondary refrigerant to the evaporator 15 .
- the air-conditioning control unit 205 stops the supply of the secondary refrigerant to the evaporator 15 in the vehicle compartment by controlling the refrigerant expansion valve 14 to close, and the secondary refrigerant and the indoor air stop the heat exchange of FIG. 6 shows an example of control of the refrigerant expansion valve 14 by the air conditioning control unit 205.
- the vertical axis indicates an open state in which the refrigerant expansion valve is open and a closed state in which the refrigerant expansion valve is closed.
- the air-conditioning control unit 205 limits the supply of the secondary refrigerant to the evaporator 15 by closing the refrigerant expansion valve 14 for the stop time TOFF every predetermined time T.
- the air conditioning control unit 205 does not stop heat exchange between the secondary refrigerant and the indoor air when the output of the battery 2 detected by the output detection unit 203 is equal to or less than the reference value.
- the reference value is the maximum output of the battery 2 that allows the battery 2 to be cooled by the cooling water and the secondary refrigerant in a state in which the supply of the secondary refrigerant to the evaporator 15 is not restricted.
- the switching control unit 206 controls the switching unit 5 for switching the cooling water flow path.
- the switching control unit 206 controls the cooling water to circulate through the first cooling water circuit passing through the radiator 3. Then, the switching unit 5 is controlled.
- the switching control unit 206 controls the second cooling water temperature that does not pass through the radiator 3. The switching unit 5 is controlled so that cooling water circulates in the water circuit.
- FIG. 7 and 8 show examples of control of the switching unit 5 by the switching control unit 206.
- FIG. FIG. 7 shows how cooling water circulates through the first cooling water circuit passing through the radiator 3 .
- FIG. 8 shows how the cooling water circulates through the second cooling water circuit that does not pass through the radiator 3 .
- cooling water that has passed through the battery 2 passes through the water temperature sensor 8, the radiator 3, the water temperature sensor 9, the switching unit 5, the pump 6, and the chiller 7 to the battery 2. return. At this time, the cooling water does not pass through the bypass indicated by the dashed line in FIG.
- cooling water that has passed through the battery 2 passes through the water temperature sensor 8, the switching unit 5, the pump 6, and the chiller 7 and returns to the battery 2. At this time, the cooling water does not pass through the radiator 3 and the water temperature sensor 9 .
- the switching control unit 206 calculates a value obtained by subtracting the second water temperature measured by the water temperature sensor 9 from the first water temperature measured by the water temperature sensor 8 . This value indicates the amount of cooling water temperature drop caused by heat exchange between the outside air and the cooling water in the radiator 3 .
- the switching control unit 206 determines that the coolant is cooled by the radiator 3 when this value is greater than or equal to the first reference value.
- the first reference value is a value greater than 0, for example.
- the switching control unit 206 controls the switching unit 5 so as to circulate cooling water in the first cooling water circuit shown in FIG.
- the switching control unit 206 determines that the coolant is not cooled by the radiator 3 when the value obtained by subtracting the second water temperature from the first water temperature obtained by the obtaining unit 201 is less than the second reference value. At this time, the switching control unit 206 controls the switching unit 5 so that the cooling water circulates through the second cooling water circuit that does not pass through the radiator 3 .
- the second reference value is a value smaller than 0, for example. In this manner, the switching control unit 206 can prevent the temperature of the cooling water from increasing due to heat exchange with the outside air in the radiator 3 when the outside air is relatively hot.
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing a processing procedure in which the control device 1 cools the cooling water with the secondary refrigerant. This processing procedure starts while the vehicle 100 is running.
- the acquiring unit 201 acquires the temperature inside the cells of the battery 2 (S101).
- the identifying unit 202 identifies the charging rate of the battery 2 (S102).
- the cooling control unit 204 determines the cooling start cell temperature based on the charging rate specified by the specifying unit 202 (S103).
- the cooling control unit 204 determines whether the temperature inside the cell acquired by the acquisition unit 201 is higher than the cooling start cell temperature (S104). On the condition that the temperature inside the cell acquired by the acquisition unit 201 is higher than the cooling start cell temperature (YES in S104), the cooling control unit 204 operates the electric compressor 11 to start cooling the coolant with the secondary refrigerant. (S105), and the process ends. When the temperature in the cell acquired by the acquisition unit 201 in the determination of S104 is equal to or lower than the cooling start cell temperature (NO in S104), the cooling control unit 204 does not start cooling the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant. Return to the processing of S101.
- Cooling control unit 204 determines a high temperature as the cooling start cell temperature for starting cooling of battery 2 when the charging rate of battery 2 is low. In this way, the cooling control unit 204 can reduce the electric power required for cooling the battery 2 by delaying the timing of starting the cooling of the cooling water by the secondary refrigerant.
- cooling control unit 204 determines a low temperature as the cooling start cell temperature for starting cooling of battery 2 . In this way, the cooling control unit 204 can suppress the temperature inside the cells of the battery 2 from increasing by early starting cooling of the battery 2 with the secondary refrigerant.
- the cooling control unit 204 directly controls the adjustment of the output power of the electric compressor 11 has been described.
- the cooling control unit 204 may control adjustment of the output power of the electric compressor 11 via another air conditioning control device (not shown).
- the cooling control unit 204 may instruct another air conditioning control device to adjust the output power of the electric compressor 11 , and this air conditioning control device may control the adjustment of the output power of the electric compressor 11 .
- the cooling control unit 204 may control switching between the open state and the closed state of the refrigerant expansion valve 17 via another air conditioning control device.
- the cooling control unit 204 instructs another air conditioning control device to control the switching of the refrigerant expansion valve 17 between the open state and the closed state. may be controlled.
- the air conditioning control unit 205 may control switching between the open state and the closed state of the refrigerant expansion valve 17 via another air conditioning control device.
- the air conditioning control unit 205 instructs another air conditioning control device to control switching between the open state and the closed state of the refrigerant expansion valve 17, and the air conditioning control device controls the open state and the closed state of the refrigerant expansion valve 14. may be controlled.
- Control device 2 Battery 3 Radiator 4 Radiator fan 5 Switching unit 6 Pump 7 Chiller 8 Water temperature sensor 9 Water temperature sensor 11 Electric compressor 12 Condenser 13 Condenser fan 14 Refrigerant expansion valve 15 Evaporator 16 Blower fan 17 Refrigerant expansion valve 21 Cell temperature sensor 22 Voltage sensor 100 vehicle 101 storage unit 102 control unit 201 acquisition unit 202 identification unit 203 output detection unit 204 cooling control unit 205 air conditioning control unit 206 switching control unit
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施形態の制御装置1を搭載した車両100の概要を示す図である。本実施形態の制御装置1は、放電中又は充電中のバッテリ2を冷却水により冷却する冷却水回路において、この冷却水を二次冷媒により冷却する。制御装置1は、バッテリ2の充電率に応じて、二次冷媒による冷却水の冷却を開始するタイミングを変化させることにより、バッテリ2の冷却に要する電力を低減させることができる。
図2は、車両100の主要な構成を示す。車両100は、制御装置1、切替部5、水温センサ8、水温センサ9、冷媒膨張弁14、冷媒膨張弁17、セル温度センサ21、電圧センサ22及び電流センサ23を備える。制御装置1は、記憶部101及び制御部102を備える。
冷却制御部204は、二次冷媒による冷却水の冷却を制御する。まず、冷却制御部204は、二次冷媒による冷却水の冷却を開始するための冷却開始セル温度を決定する。本明細書の例では、冷却制御部204は、特定部202が特定した充電率に基づいて、冷却開始セル温度を決定する。図3は、冷却制御部204が決定する冷却開始セル温度と、バッテリ2の充電率と、バッテリ2の劣化度との関係を示す。図3の縦軸は、冷却開始セル温度を示す。図3の横軸は、バッテリ2の充電率を示す。図3に示す3つのグラフは、特定部202が特定したバッテリ2の劣化度が所定の基準レベルよりも高い場合の冷却開始セル温度と、特定したバッテリ2の劣化度が基準レベルと同じ場合の冷却開始セル温度と、特定部202が特定したバッテリ2の劣化度が基準レベルよりも低い場合の冷却開始セル温度とをそれぞれ示す。
冷却制御部204は、取得部201が取得したバッテリ2のセル内の温度が決定した冷却開始セル温度より高いことを条件として、電動コンプレッサ11を動作させて二次冷媒による冷却水の冷却を開始する。本明細書の例では、冷却制御部204は、取得部201が取得したセル内の温度のうち、最も高い温度が冷却開始セル温度より高いことを条件として、二次冷媒による冷却水の冷却を開始する。
バッテリ2内のセルが停止前温度(図4)以上の温度である状態が長時間継続すると、バッテリ2が劣化するリスクがある。このため、冷却制御部204は、車両100の走行終了前あるいは走行終了後にバッテリ2を停止前温度以下に冷却する。このとき、冷却制御部204は、セル内の温度が冷却開始セル温度以下であっても、二次冷媒により冷却水を冷却するものとする。
空調制御部205は、二次冷媒により車室内の空気を冷却する。空調制御部205は、冷凍サイクルに含まれるエバポレータ15において二次冷媒と室内の空気とを熱交換させることにより、車両100の室内の温度を低下させる。
切替制御部206は、冷却水の流路を切り替えるための切替部5を制御する。切替制御部206は、取得部201が取得した第1水温から第2水温を差し引いた値が第1基準値以上である場合に、ラジエータ3を通る第1冷却水回路を冷却水が循環するように、切替部5を制御する。切替制御部206は、取得部201が取得した第1水温から第2水温を差し引いた値が、第1基準値よりも小さい第2基準値未満である場合に、ラジエータ3を通らない第2冷却水回路を冷却水が循環するように、切替部5を制御する。
図9は、制御装置1が二次冷媒により冷却水を冷却する処理手順を示すフローチャートである。この処理手順は、車両100の走行中に開始する。まず、取得部201は、バッテリ2のセル内の温度を取得する(S101)。特定部202は、バッテリ2の充電率を特定する(S102)。冷却制御部204は、特定部202が特定した充電率に基づいて、冷却開始セル温度を決定する(S103)。
冷却制御部204は、バッテリ2の充電率が低い状態では、バッテリ2の冷却を開始するための冷却開始セル温度として高い温度を決定する。このようにして、冷却制御部204は、二次冷媒による冷却水の冷却を開始するタイミングを遅らせることにより、バッテリ2の冷却に要する電力を低減させることができる。
2 バッテリ
3 ラジエータ
4 ラジエータファン
5 切替部
6 ポンプ
7 チラー
8 水温センサ
9 水温センサ
11 電動コンプレッサ
12 コンデンサ
13 コンデンサファン
14 冷媒膨張弁
15 エバポレータ
16 ブロアファン
17 冷媒膨張弁
21 セル温度センサ
22 電圧センサ
100 車両
101 記憶部
102 制御部
201 取得部
202 特定部
203 出力検知部
204 冷却制御部
205 空調制御部
206 切替制御部
Claims (10)
- バッテリと熱交換させる冷却水を冷却するための二次冷媒を循環させる冷凍サイクルに含まれる電動コンプレッサを制御する制御装置であって、
前記バッテリのセルの温度を取得する取得部と、
前記バッテリの充電率を特定する特定部と、
前記特定部が特定した前記充電率に基づいて、冷却開始セル温度を決定し、前記取得部が取得した温度が前記決定した当該冷却開始セル温度より高いことを条件として、前記電動コンプレッサを動作させて前記二次冷媒による前記冷却水の冷却を開始する冷却制御部と、を備え、
前記冷却制御部は、第1の前記充電率を前記特定部が特定した場合に、当該第1の充電率より高い第2の充電率を前記特定部が特定した場合に比べて高い前記冷却開始セル温度を決定する、制御装置。 - 前記冷却制御部は、前記バッテリのバッテリ切れが生じるまでの時間において前記セル内の温度が所定の上限温度を超えないように、前記二次冷媒により前記冷却水を冷却する、
請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記冷却制御部は、前記冷却水と前記二次冷媒とを熱交換するためのチラーにより前記冷却水を冷却し、冷媒膨張弁を開いた開状態と、当該冷媒膨張弁を閉じた閉状態とを交互に切り替えることにより、当該冷媒膨張弁を通過して前記チラーに供給した二次冷媒により前記冷却水を冷却する冷却量を制御し、前記バッテリのバッテリ切れが生じるまでの時間において前記セル内の温度が前記上限温度より低くなるように、全体の時間に対する前記冷媒膨張弁を前記開状態とする時間の割合を決定する、
請求項2に記載の制御装置。 - 前記冷凍サイクルに含まれるエバポレータにおいて前記二次冷媒と室内の空気とを熱交換させることにより、前記室内の温度を低下させ、前記取得部が取得した前記温度が遷移温度よりも高いことを条件として、前記冷却制御部が前記二次冷媒により前記冷却水を冷却している状態において前記二次冷媒と前記室内の空気との熱交換を所定時間ごとに当該所定時間より短い停止時間だけ停止させる空調制御部をさらに備える、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記バッテリの出力を検知する出力検知部をさらに備え、
前記空調制御部は、前記バッテリの出力が基準値以下である場合に、前記二次冷媒と前記室内の空気との熱交換を停止させない、
請求項4に記載の制御装置。 - 前記特定部は、前記バッテリの劣化度を特定し、
前記冷却制御部は、前記特定部が特定した前記充電率が所定値以上である状態において第1の前記劣化度を前記特定部が特定した場合に、前記充電率が前記所定値以上である状態において当該第1の充電率より高い第2の充電率を前記特定部が特定した場合に比べて高い前記冷却開始セル温度を決定する、
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記取得部は、前記バッテリと前記冷却水とを熱交換させる冷却水回路において前記冷却水と外気とを熱交換させるラジエータの上流に配置された第1水温センサが測定した前記冷却水の第1水温と、当該ラジエータの下流に配置された第2水温センサが測定した前記冷却水の第2水温を取得し、
前記第1水温から前記第2水温を差し引いた値が第1基準値以上である場合に、前記ラジエータを通る第1冷却水回路を前記冷却水が循環するように、前記冷却水の流路を切り替えるための切替部を制御し、前記第1水温から前記第2水温を差し引いた値が、前記第1基準値よりも小さい第2基準値未満である場合に、前記ラジエータを通らない第2冷却水回路を前記冷却水が循環するように、当該切替部を制御する切替制御部をさらに備える、
請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記冷却制御部は、前記制御装置が搭載された車両が目的地に到達する到達予定時刻を特定し、当該到達予定時刻までに前記バッテリのセル内の温度を所定の停止前温度以下に低下させるように、前記二次冷媒により前記冷却水を冷却する、
請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記取得部は、前記バッテリの複数の前記セルの温度を取得し、
前記冷却制御部は、前記取得部が取得した前記セル内の温度のうち、最も高い温度が前記冷却開始セル温度より高いことを条件として、前記二次冷媒による冷却水の冷却を開始する、
請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の制御装置。 - バッテリと熱交換させる冷却水を冷却するための二次冷媒を循環させる冷凍サイクルに含まれる電動コンプレッサを制御する制御方法であって、
前記バッテリのセルの温度を取得するステップと、
前記バッテリの充電率を特定するステップと、
特定した前記充電率に基づいて、冷却開始セル温度を決定するステップと、
取得した温度が決定した当該冷却開始セル温度より高いことを条件として、前記電動コンプレッサを動作させて前記二次冷媒による前記冷却水の冷却を開始するステップと、を備え、
前記冷却開始セル温度を決定するステップでは、第1の前記充電率を特定した場合に、当該第1の充電率より高い第2の充電率を特定した場合に比べて高い前記冷却開始セル温度を決定する、制御方法。
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JP2020111084A (ja) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-07-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電池冷却システム |
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US20140326430A1 (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2014-11-06 | Magna E-Car Systems Of America, Inc. | Vehicle with traction motor with preemptive cooling of motor fluid circuit prior to cooling of battery fluid circuit |
KR20200065186A (ko) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-09 | 쌍용자동차 주식회사 | 전기 자동차의 고전압배터리 온도 관리 제어시스템 및 제어방법 |
JP2020111084A (ja) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-07-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電池冷却システム |
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