WO2022210160A1 - 無機微粒子分散液 - Google Patents
無機微粒子分散液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022210160A1 WO2022210160A1 PCT/JP2022/013487 JP2022013487W WO2022210160A1 WO 2022210160 A1 WO2022210160 A1 WO 2022210160A1 JP 2022013487 W JP2022013487 W JP 2022013487W WO 2022210160 A1 WO2022210160 A1 WO 2022210160A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- inorganic fine
- fine particle
- mass
- liquid
- particle dispersion
- Prior art date
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 364
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 248
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 223
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 45
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 34
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 22
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- -1 tert-amyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 10
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000013523 DOWSIL™ Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920013731 Dowsil Polymers 0.000 description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- YEYKMVJDLWJFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCOCCO YEYKMVJDLWJFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012257 stirred material Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JSGVZVOGOQILFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxy-1-butanol Chemical compound COC(C)CCO JSGVZVOGOQILFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MFKRHJVUCZRDTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxy-3-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CCO MFKRHJVUCZRDTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001089 [(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methanol Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)O RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940054273 1-propoxy-2-propanol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- FENFUOGYJVOCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCOCC(C)O FENFUOGYJVOCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HHAPGMVKBLELOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylpropoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)COCCO HHAPGMVKBLELOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDLXTDLGTWNUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OCCO BDLXTDLGTWNUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JDFDHBSESGTDAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCO JDFDHBSESGTDAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(C)=O MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOCC(C)O JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940093475 2-ethoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCGFUIQPSOCUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yloxyethanol Chemical compound CC(C)OCCO HCGFUIQPSOCUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical class COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(C)=O SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXDLWJWIAHWIKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCO HXDLWJWIAHWIKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GCYHRYNSUGLLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOCC=C GCYHRYNSUGLLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-n-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]butanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(F)(F)F VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylmorpholine Chemical compound CCN1CCOCC1 HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100284369 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) has-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229940117955 isoamyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC(C)=O XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QMYGFTJCQFEDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxybutyl acetate Chemical compound COC(C)CCOC(C)=O QMYGFTJCQFEDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMFWEWMHABZQNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-acetyloxyhexyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(C)=O ZMFWEWMHABZQNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MLHOXUWWKVQEJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyleneglycol diacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)COC(C)=O MLHOXUWWKVQEJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-3,4,6-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O)OC(=O)C)O)O SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- CSXPRVTYIFRYPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl)-diethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C=C)(C=C)OCC CSXPRVTYIFRYPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPECUSGQPIKHLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl)-dimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(C=C)C=C ZPECUSGQPIKHLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005385 borate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZGKDQVCBHSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC XGZGKDQVCBHSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXPLZNMUBFBFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SXPLZNMUBFBFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O carboxymethyl-[3-(dodecanoylamino)propyl]-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-PTQBSOBMSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical class O=[13C]1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-PTQBSOBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005994 diacetyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMAPKOCENOWQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(diethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(CC)OCC ZMAPKOCENOWQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSYLGGHSEIWGJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(OC)OC VSYLGGHSEIWGJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVQVSVBUMVSJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-methyl-phenylsilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 CVQVSVBUMVSJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- AEDZKIACDBYJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OCCO AEDZKIACDBYJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DFJDZTPFNSXNAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(triethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(CC)CC DFJDZTPFNSXNAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007759 kiss coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940075468 lauramidopropyl betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)C POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH3] ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVTQAXXMUNXFMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-(3-oxo-2-pyridin-2-yl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)acetate Chemical compound N1C(CC(=O)OC)=CC(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=N1 XVTQAXXMUNXFMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- RIPZIAOLXVVULW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O.CC(=O)CC(C)=O RIPZIAOLXVVULW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013500 performance material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005365 phosphate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005076 polymer ester Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940096992 potassium oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M potassium;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- JEVKEOBMAMOJLP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;butane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCS([O-])(=O)=O JEVKEOBMAMOJLP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RLEFZEWKMQQZOA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O RLEFZEWKMQQZOA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940077386 sodium benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005480 sodium caprylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UDWXLZLRRVQONG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC([O-])=O UDWXLZLRRVQONG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940045845 sodium myristate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FIWQZURFGYXCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;decanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O FIWQZURFGYXCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GUCVHDYRKMSBOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;diethyl phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCOP([O-])(=O)OCC GUCVHDYRKMSBOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HHJJPFYGIRKQOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;oxido-oxo-phenylphosphanium Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][P+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HHJJPFYGIRKQOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUQGWKYSEXPRGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tetradecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JUQGWKYSEXPRGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004274 stearic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OQTSOKXAWXRIAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CCC(C)O[Si](OC(C)CC)(OC(C)CC)OC(C)CC OQTSOKXAWXRIAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCLLLHFGVQKVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratert-butyl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C BCLLLHFGVQKVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBGNFSBDYRZOSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(ethenyl)-ethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C=C)(C=C)C=C FBGNFSBDYRZOSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYTZMGROHNUACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(ethenyl)-methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C=C)(C=C)C=C JYTZMGROHNUACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
- C03C17/25—Oxides by deposition from the liquid phase
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- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/02—Polysilicates
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- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/006—Anti-reflective coatings
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/20—Diluents or solvents
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/65—Additives macromolecular
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/213—SiO2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/42—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of particles only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/73—Anti-reflective coatings with specific characteristics
- C03C2217/732—Anti-reflective coatings with specific characteristics made of a single layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
- C03C2218/111—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions by dipping, immersion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
- C08K5/5415—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inorganic fine particle dispersion.
- Patent Document 1 describes an inorganic fine particle dispersion containing inorganic fine particle chains, inorganic fine particles, and a liquid dispersion medium.
- an antireflection film has been formed on the surface of protective glass for solar cells in order to improve power generation efficiency.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an inorganic fine particle dispersion capable of forming a layer with a higher light transmittance.
- the invention relates to, but is not limited to: [1] inorganic fine particles; a liquid dispersion medium A (excluding water) having a boiling point of 100° C. or more and less than 190° C.; a liquid dispersion medium B having a boiling point of less than 100°C; An inorganic fine particle dispersion containing An inorganic fine particle dispersion liquid, wherein the content of the liquid dispersion medium A is 0.5% by mass or more and less than 15% by mass, based on the total amount of the inorganic fine particle dispersion liquid being 100% by mass.
- [2] to [14] below are preferred aspects or embodiments of the present invention.
- [2] The inorganic fine particle dispersion according to [1], wherein the content of the liquid dispersion medium B is 20% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less based on the total amount of the inorganic fine particle dispersion as 100% by mass.
- [3] The inorganic fine particle dispersion liquid according to [1] or [2], wherein the liquid dispersion medium B is alcohol.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion is further selected from the group consisting of alkoxysilanes, alkoxysilane condensates in which a plurality of Si—O—Si bonds are linearly connected, and alkoxysilane condensates in which a plurality of Si—O—Si bonds are three-dimensionally connected.
- a step of applying the inorganic fine particle dispersion liquid according to any one of [1] to [12] to a substrate (application step); and A step of removing the liquid dispersion medium A and the liquid dispersion medium B from the inorganic fine particle dispersion applied to the substrate to form an inorganic fine particle layer on the substrate (dispersion medium removing step).
- a method of manufacturing a laminate comprising: [14] The method for producing a laminate according to [13], further including a heat treatment step after the dispersion medium removing step.
- a laminate comprising a substrate and an inorganic fine particle layer, obtained by the method according to [13] or [14].
- a coating film having high light transmittance and high coating film strength (high adhesion of the coating film to a substrate) can be formed, and an inorganic fine particle dispersion having good storage stability is provided. can provide. According to the present invention, it is also possible to provide a laminate having high light transmittance and high coating film strength (high adhesion of the coating film to the substrate).
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion of the present invention is inorganic fine particles; a liquid dispersion medium A (excluding water) having a boiling point of 100° C. or more and less than 190° C.; a liquid dispersion medium B having a boiling point of less than 100°C; An inorganic fine particle dispersion containing The inorganic fine particle dispersion has a content of the liquid dispersion medium A of 0.5% by mass or more and less than 15% by mass, based on the total amount of the inorganic fine particle dispersion being 100% by mass.
- the inorganic fine particles may be inorganic fine particles X having a primary particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 60 nm or less, or inorganic fine particles Y having a plurality of inorganic fine particles having a primary particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 60 nm or less.
- the expression “multiple connected” includes not only a linearly connected state, but also a bent and connected state, a circularly connected state, and a branched state.
- the primary particle size of the inorganic fine particles is evaluated by the number average of the particle sizes of 50 or more particles obtained by observation with a transmission microscope.
- the state of "a plurality of inorganic fine particles are linked" in the inorganic fine particles Y can also be determined by observation with a transmission microscope.
- Materials of the inorganic fine particles include, for example, silicon oxide (silica), titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, talc, kaolin, and the like, and one or more of them can be used.
- silica is preferred, colloidal silica and fumed silica are more preferred among silica, and colloidal silica is particularly preferred.
- Colloidal silica is an inorganic fine particle dispersion containing colloidal silica particles at a solid concentration of 5% to 50% by weight, for example, 5% to 40% by weight, preferably 10% to 30% by weight. can be done.
- Colloidal silica can be used dispersed in various solvents, and the solvent is alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether; amide solvents such as dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone; aromatic solvents such as toluene, Ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, an ester solvent such as ethyl acetate, water, etc., and a plurality of these solvents can be mixed and used.
- alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether
- amide solvents such as dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone
- aromatic solvents such as toluene
- Ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone,
- alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, and water, more preferred are methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and water, more preferred are ethanol, isopropanol, and water, more preferably water.
- inorganic fine particles X having a primary particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 60 nm or less, or inorganic fine particles Y having a plurality of inorganic fine particles having a primary particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 60 nm or less being connected can be used.
- the primary particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles X is preferably 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less, more preferably 1 nm or more and 30 nm or less, still more preferably 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less, and particularly 3 nm or more and 10 nm or less, from the viewpoint of achieving both transmittance and coating film strength. preferable.
- the primary particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles Y in which a plurality of inorganic fine particles having a primary particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 60 nm or less are connected is preferably 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less, and 1 nm or more and 45 nm or less, from the viewpoint of achieving both transmittance and coating strength. is more preferable, 1 nm or more and 30 nm or less is more preferable, and 5 nm or more and 20 nm or less is particularly preferable.
- the average particle size of the inorganic fine particles Y is preferably 1 to 500 nm, more preferably 1 to 400 nm, and is determined by the dynamic light scattering method or the Sears method. Measurement of the average particle size by the dynamic light scattering method can be performed using a commercially available particle size distribution analyzer.
- the mixing ratio of the inorganic fine particles X having a primary particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 60 nm or less and the inorganic fine particles Y having a plurality of inorganic fine particles having a primary particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 60 nm or less is not particularly limited, but the transmittance and from the viewpoint of coating film strength, it is preferable to use both, and the value of (mass of inorganic fine particles Y) / [(mass of inorganic fine particles X) + (mass of inorganic fine particles Y)] is 0.01 or more and 0 0.99 or less is preferable, 0.10 or more and 0.95 or less is more preferable, 0.20 or more and 0.95 or less is more preferable, 0.40 or more and 0.95 or less is more preferable, 0.50 or more and 0.90 or less is more preferable, and 0.60 or more and 0.80 or less is more preferable.
- the inorganic fine particles X one or two or more types of inorganic fine particles
- the content of the inorganic fine particles is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of the transparency of the resulting coating film and the dispersibility in the inorganic fine particle dispersion, the total weight of the inorganic fine particle dispersion is 100% by weight, and the content is 0. .1% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less, more preferably 0.1% by weight or more and 7.5% by weight or less, and even more preferably 0.2% by weight or more and 5.0% by weight or less; 1% by mass or more and 5.0% by weight or less is particularly preferable.
- the content of the inorganic fine particles when the entire inorganic fine particle dispersion is 100% by mass is hereinafter sometimes referred to as "the solid content concentration of the inorganic fine particles in the inorganic fine particle dispersion".
- the “inorganic fine particle content” means the total value of the inorganic fine particle X content and the inorganic fine particle Y content.
- the inorganic fine particles in the inorganic fine particle dispersion may be surface-treated from the viewpoint of dispersibility in the dispersion, coating, and coating film formation.
- a surface treatment method a known method can be used, including treatment with an appropriate additive.
- the inorganic fine particles can be surface-treated, for example, by mixing a liquid containing the inorganic fine particles, an additive and a solvent.
- the inorganic fine particles X include, for example, Snowtex (registered trademark) ST-XS, ST-OXS, ST-NXS, ST-CXS, ST-S, ST- OS, ST-NS, ST-3O, ST-O, ST-N, ST-C, ST-AK, ST-5OT, ST-O-4O, ST-N-4O, ST-CM, ST- 3OL, ST-OL, ST-AK-L, ST-YL, ST-OYL, ST-AK-YL, commercially available methanol silica sol in the form of a methanol dispersion, MA-ST-M, MA-ST-L, commercial product IPA-ST in the form of isopropyl alcohol dispersion, IPA-ST-L, commercial product NPC-ST-30 in the form of ethylene glycol monopropyl ether dispersion, toluene TOL-ST which is a commercial product in the form of a dispersion, MEK-ST-40 which is a commercial product
- ST-OXS ST-NXS, ST-CXS, ST-OS, ST-NS, ST-O, ST-N, ST-C, ST- O-4O, ST-N-4O, ST-CM, ST-OL and ST-OYL are preferred, ST-OXS, ST-OS, ST-O, ST-O-4O, ST-OL, ST-OYL is more preferred.
- the inorganic fine particles Y include, for example, Snowtex (registered trademark) ST-UP, ST-OUP, ST-PS-S, ST-PS-SO, ST- PS-M, ST-PS-MO, the commercial product MA-ST-UP in the form of a methanol dispersion, the commercial product IPA-ST-UP in the form of an isopropyl alcohol dispersion, and a 2-butanone dispersion.
- the commercial product MA-ST-UP in the form of a methanol dispersion the commercial product IPA-ST-UP in the form of an isopropyl alcohol dispersion
- 2-butanone dispersion examples thereof include MEK-ST-UP, which is a commercial product in the form of a liquid.
- those in the form of an aqueous dispersion are preferred, ST-OUP, ST-PS-SO and ST-PS-MO are particularly preferred, and ST-OUP is more preferred.
- the method for synthesizing the inorganic fine particles X and the inorganic fine particles Y is not particularly limited. Precipitation of an aqueous salt solution, hydrothermal treatment of an aqueous metal salt solution, and the like can be mentioned.
- silica which is preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility, a method of ion-exchanging an aqueous sodium silicate solution with an ion-exchange resin or the like and then growing and concentrating the particles (sometimes called the water glass method), and adding an aqueous sulfuric acid solution to the aqueous sodium silicate solution.
- a known method such as a method of growing and concentrating particles after neutralization (sometimes called a sedimentation method), a method of thermally decomposing silicon tetrachloride, and a method of hydrolyzing/condensing alkoxysilane (called a sol-gel method ) is synthesized.
- the sodium ion content in the silica sol is preferably 0.5% by weight or less in terms of Na 2 O from the viewpoint of forming an inorganic fine particle layer with high light transmittance. 0.05% by mass or less is more preferable, and 0.03% by mass or less is even more preferable.
- the liquid dispersion medium A is a liquid (excluding water) having a boiling point of 100° C. or more and less than 190° C. under atmospheric pressure (1013.25 hPa).
- the content of the liquid dispersion medium A is 0.5% by mass or more and less than 15% by mass when the entire inorganic fine particle dispersion is 100% by mass.
- the boiling point range of the liquid dispersion medium A is preferably 115°C or higher and lower than 190°C, preferably 125°C or higher and lower than 190°C, more preferably 135°C or higher and lower than 190°C, further preferably 150°C or higher and lower than 190°C. C. or higher and lower than 190.degree.
- the use of the liquid dispersion medium A suppresses aggregation of the inorganic fine particles during drying of the coating film, and improves the transmittance and the coating film strength.
- the content is preferably 0.7% by mass or more, more preferably 0.8% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of the liquid dispersion medium A if the liquid dispersion medium A is excessively contained, the storage stability of the inorganic fine particle dispersion is deteriorated due to gelation of the inorganic fine particle dispersion.
- it preferably contains 13% by mass or less, more preferably 12% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less, further preferably 5% by mass or less, and 3% by mass or less. is more preferred.
- a good example of the liquid dispersion medium A is one in which ⁇ tA defined by the following formula is 20 Mpa 0.5 or more and 40 Mpa 0.5 or less.
- ⁇ tA ⁇ 4( ⁇ DA ⁇ 15.6) 2 +( ⁇ PA ⁇ 16.0) 2 +( ⁇ HA ⁇ 42.0) 2 ⁇ 0.5 (1)
- ⁇ DA, ⁇ PA, ⁇ HA are the dispersion term (Mpa 0.5 ), the polar term (Mpa 0.5 ), and the hydrogen bonding term (Mpa 0.5 ) in the Hansen solubility parameters for the liquid dispersion medium A.
- ⁇ DA, ⁇ PA, and ⁇ HA are calculated using commonly available commercial software “HSPiP 5th 5.2.06” by applying a method called Y-MB in the same software.
- the upper limit is preferably 39 MPa 0.5 or less, more preferably 35.5 MPa 0.5 or less, and even more preferably 34 MPa 0.5 or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 25 MPa 0.5 or more, more preferably 29 MPa 0.5 or more, and even more preferably 30 MPa 0.5 or more.
- the liquid dispersion medium A having ⁇ tA within such a range has a high affinity with the silica particles and good coatability.
- the lower limit of the molecular weight of the liquid dispersion medium A is preferably 60 or more, more preferably 70 or more, even more preferably 90 or more, and particularly preferably 100 or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 300 or less, more preferably 200 or less, even more preferably 170 or less, and particularly preferably 140 or less.
- liquid dispersion medium A examples include, for example, ether-based, ester-based, alcohol-based, ketone-based, amine-based, amide-based, and sulfoxide-based types, but are not limited thereto.
- Specific examples of liquid dispersion medium A include, but are not limited to: 2-methoxyethyl acetate, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 4-ethylmorpholine, isoamyl acetate, propylene glycol 1-monomethyl ether 2-acetate, 1-propoxy-2-propanol, N, N-dimethylformamide, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, n-pentyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, ethyl acetoacetate, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, acetylacetone (2,4-pentanedi
- Preferable liquid dispersion medium A includes those that are alcohols, those that have an ether bond, and those that have an ester bond. More preferably, it is an alcohol, has an ether bond, or has an ester bond, and does not contain a nitrogen atom. The use of such a liquid dispersion medium A results in better coatability.
- the liquid dispersion medium A is preferably alcohol.
- the compatibility between the inorganic fine particle component and the later-described alkoxysilane and/or its condensate (C) during coating is improved, resulting in good coatability and high coating film strength ( It is possible to obtain a laminate having high adhesion of the coating film to the substrate).
- liquid dispersion medium A is alcohol
- a good example is a monohydric alcohol.
- those having one or more of an ether bond and an ester bond are preferable. With such an alcohol, the dispersion and coatability of the inorganic fine particles are improved.
- Such include 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-propoxy-2-propanol, furfuryl alcohol, 2-butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), 2-methoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether), 2-ethoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monoethyl ether), ethyl lactate, 3-methoxy-3-methylbutanol, propylene glycol 1-monobutyl ether, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 3-methoxy-1-propanol, 3-methoxy -1-butanol, ethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, 2-isopropoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol, 2-isobutoxyethanol, 2-allyloxyethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, 2-hydroxyethyl acetate.
- 2-butoxyethanol ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
- 2-methoxyethanol ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
- 2-ethoxyethanol ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
- 1-propoxy-2-propanol 2-butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), 2-ethoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monoethyl ether), ethyl lactate, 3-methoxy-3-methylbutanol, propylene glycol 1-monobutyl ether, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 3-methoxy-1-propanol, 3-methoxy-1-butanol, ethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, 2-isopropoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol, 2-isobutoxyethanol, tetrahydro Furfuryl alcohol, can be mentioned, More preferably, 2-butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), 3-methoxy-3-methylbutanol, propylene glycol 1-monobutyl ether, 3-methoxy-1-propanol, 3-methoxy-1-butanol, ethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether , 2-propoxyethanol, 2-isobutoxyethanol
- the liquid dispersion medium B is a liquid having a boiling point of less than 100° C. under atmospheric pressure (1013.25 hPa).
- a good example of the liquid dispersion medium B has a ⁇ tB defined by the following formula of 15 Mpa 0.5 or more and 39 Mpa 0.5 or less.
- ⁇ tB ⁇ 4 ( ⁇ DB-15.6) 2 + ( ⁇ PB-16.0) 2 + ( ⁇ HB-42.0) 2 ⁇ 0.5 (2)
- ⁇ DB, ⁇ PB, and ⁇ HB represent the dispersion term (Mpa 0.5 ), the polar term (Mpa 0.5 ), and the hydrogen bonding term (Mpa 0.5 ) in the Hansen solubility parameters for the liquid dispersion medium B.
- .delta.DB, .delta.PB, and .delta.HB are calculated using generally available commercial software "HSPiP 5th 5.2.06" by applying a method called Y-MB in this software.
- the upper limit is preferably 32 MPa 0.5 or less, preferably 31 MPa 0.5 or less, and more preferably 27 MPa 0.5 or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 18 MPa 0.5 or more, more preferably 23 MPa 0.5 or more, and more preferably 25 MPa 0.5 or more.
- the liquid dispersion medium B having ⁇ tB within such a range has a high affinity with the silica particles, resulting in good coatability.
- Examples of the type of the liquid dispersion medium B include ether, ester, and alcohol.
- Examples of ethers include diethyl ether, esters include methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, and alcohols include Examples include methanol, ethanol, tertiary butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and normal propyl alcohol.
- alcohol-based solvents are preferred, methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol are more preferred, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol are particularly preferred, and ethanol is more preferred from the viewpoint of safety.
- the content of the liquid dispersion medium B is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of coatability and storage stability, when the entire inorganic fine particle dispersion is 100% by mass, it is preferably 20% by mass or more, and 30% by mass. % or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, further preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less, 85 It is more preferable to contain 80% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion contains water.
- the lower limit of the water content is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or more, when the entire inorganic fine particle dispersion is 100% by mass from the viewpoint of coatability and storage stability. , more preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 8% by mass or more, and even more preferably 10% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the water content is preferably 55% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less, further preferably 45% by mass or less, and 35% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of transmittance. More preferably, it contains 25% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass or less.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion liquid preferably contains alkoxysilane and/or its condensate (component C).
- Component C is an alkoxysilane and/or its condensate.
- Alkoxysilanes include tetraalkoxysilanes.
- One aspect of tetraalkoxysilane is represented by the following formula: Si(OR) 4 (wherein the four R's each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
- Alkoxysilanes include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane and the like, with tetramethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane being preferred.
- Alkoxysilane may be hereinafter referred to as "component C1".
- Alkoxysilane may use a commercial item. These alkoxysilanes may be partially hydrolyzed at the OR sites, and may be further condensed at the hydrolyzed sites.
- alkoxysilane is a silicon compound represented by the following formula (1).
- Si(R a ) q (R b ) 4-q (1)
- R a represents a hydrogen atom or a non-hydrolyzable organic group
- R b represents a hydrolyzable group
- q represents an integer of 0 to 2;
- hydrolyzable refers to the property of generating silanol groups by reaction with water.
- Non-hydrolyzable organic groups for R a include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, tert-amyl group ( 1,1-dimethylpropyl group), 1,1-dimethyl-3,3-dimethylbutyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, and other alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms such as groups; alkenyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as vinyl groups and allyl groups; alkylidene groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as ethylidene groups and propylidene groups; phenyl groups and naphthyl groups , an
- the hydrogen atoms contained in these organic groups may be substituted with (meth)acryloyloxy groups, epoxy groups, amino groups, mercapto groups, hydroxyl groups, halogen atoms, alkoxy groups, fluoroalkyl groups, glycidoxy groups, and the like.
- One hydrogen atom in the organic group may be substituted, or two or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted.
- Hydrolyzable groups for R b include alkoxy groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy groups.
- q represents an integer of 0 to 2, preferably 0 or 1. In one aspect, q is zero. In one aspect, q is one.
- the hydrolyzable group may be hydrolyzed, and the hydrolyzed portion may be condensed.
- Silicon compounds represented by formula (1) include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, tetraisobutoxysilane, tetra-sec-butoxysilane.
- Silicon compounds in which q is 0 such as silane and tetra-tert-butoxysilane; silicon compounds in which q is 1, such as methoxysilane, propyltriethoxysilane, butyltrimethoxysilane, butyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and vinyltriethoxysilane; dimethyldimethoxysilane, silicon compounds in which q is 2, such as dimethyldiethoxysilane, diethyldimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane, methylphenyldimethoxysilane, divinyldimethoxysilane, and divinyldiethoxysilane;
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion may contain only one type of silicon compound represented by formula (1), or may contain two or more types.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion liquid contains the silicon compound represented by the formula (1) and trimethylmethoxysilane, triethylmethoxysilane, triethylmethoxysilane, triethylethoxysilane, trivinylmethoxysilane, trivinylethoxysilane, etc., where q is 3. of silicon compounds.
- the alkoxysilane condensate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component C2") can be obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing these alkoxysilane monomers.
- the degree of polymerization of the alkoxysilane condensate is not particularly limited.
- the degree of polymerization of the alkoxysilane condensate is 2 to 1000 as one embodiment, and 2 to 100 as one embodiment.
- a condensate of alkoxysilane having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 1000 may be hereinafter referred to as "component C2-1".
- the condensate of alkoxysilane may be a 2- to 10-mer oligomer as one embodiment.
- component C2-2 is an alkoxysilane condensate in which a plurality of Si—O—Si bonds are linearly linked.
- component C2-2 is an alkoxysilane condensate in which more than half of the terminals of the alkoxysilane condensate are alkoxy groups.
- component C2-3 is an alkoxysilane condensate in which a plurality of Si—O—Si bonds are three-dimensionally linked
- component C2-3 is an alkoxysilane condensate in which more than half of the terminals of the alkoxysilane condensate are hydroxyl groups.
- the average particle size of the condensates of alkoxysilanes is preferably less than 1 ⁇ m.
- a commercially available condensate of alkoxysilane may be used.
- the alkoxysilane condensate may be partially hydrolyzed at the aforementioned OR sites, and may be further condensed at the hydrolyzed sites.
- alkoxysilane condensates include, for example, methyl silicate 51, which is an average tetramer oligomer of tetramethoxysilane; methyl silicate 53A, which is an average heptamer oligomer of tetramethoxysilane; Ethylsilicate 48, an average decamer oligomer of tetraethoxysilane; EMS-485, a mixture of tetramethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane oligomers, an average decamer oligomer; (manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.).
- alkoxysilane condensates commercially available products of methylsilicate hydrolysis condensates include, for example, MS51, MS56, MS57, and MS56S (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation). It is a condensate in which O—Si bonds are linearly connected, and more than half of the terminals of the condensate are alkoxy groups.
- alkoxysilane condensates commercial products of ethylsilicate hydrolysis condensates include, for example, HAS-1, HAS-6, and HAS-10 (manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.). is a condensate in which Si—O—Si bonds are linearly linked, and more than half of the terminals of the condensate are alkoxy groups.
- the peak top molecular weight of the alkoxysilane condensate is preferably from 100 to 10,000, more preferably from 500 to 5,000. In one embodiment, the alkoxysilane condensate has a peak top molecular weight of 500-2000. In one aspect, the peak top molecular weight of the alkoxysilane condensate is 500-1000. As the peak top molecular weight of the alkoxysilane condensate, a value measured by gel permeation chromatography can generally be used.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion liquid may contain the alkoxysilane and its condensate independently, respectively, or may contain both of them.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion may contain only one type of component C, or may contain two or more types.
- the amount of component C in the inorganic fine particle dispersion is not particularly limited, it is preferably 0.001 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 2%, based on the total weight of the inorganic fine particle dispersion being 100% by weight. It is more preferably 1% by weight, and even more preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by weight.
- the content of component C may be hereinafter referred to as "the solid content concentration of component C in the dispersion".
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion may contain, as component (C), only alkoxysilane, only condensate of alkoxysilane, or both alkoxysilane and condensate of alkoxysilane.
- component (C) only alkoxysilane, only condensate of alkoxysilane, or both alkoxysilane and condensate of alkoxysilane.
- the combination includes a silicon compound in which q in formula (1) is 0 and a combination of dimeric to decamers of alkoxysilane; formula ( A silicon compound of 1) in which q is 0, and a condensate in which a plurality of Si—O—Si bonds are linearly linked, wherein more than half of the terminals of the condensate are alkoxy groups.
- a combination of condensates; a silicon compound in which q in formula (1) is 0, and a condensate in which a plurality of Si—O—Si bonds are three-dimensionally linked, and more than half of the terminals of the condensate A combination of condensates having many hydroxyl groups at their terminals; a combination of a silicon compound in which q of formula (1) is 1 and a dimeric to decamer of alkoxysilane; a silicon compound in which q of formula (1) is 1 , and a combination of a condensate in which a plurality of Si—O—Si bonds are linearly connected, and more than half of the terminals of the condensate are alkoxy groups; A silicon compound in which q is 1, and a condensate in which a plurality of Si—O—Si bonds are three-dimensionally linked, wherein more than half of the terminals of the condensate are hydroxyl groups. combination;
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion may contain only one type of alkoxysilane as the component (C), or may contain two or more types.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion may contain only one type of alkoxysilane condensate as the component (C), or may contain two or more types.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion contains two or more kinds of condensates of alkoxysilane, the combination thereof is dimeric to decamers of alkoxysilane and condensates in which a plurality of Si—O—Si bonds are linearly connected. and a combination of a condensate in which more than half of the terminals of the condensate are alkoxy groups; an alkoxysilane dimer to decamer and a plurality of Si—O—Si bonds are three-dimensionally linked.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion liquid preferably contains one or more alkoxysilane condensates as the component (C).
- the alkoxysilane condensate is preferably an alkoxysilane condensate in which a plurality of Si—O—Si bonds are linearly connected.
- Examples of such an alkoxysilane condensate include those represented by the following formula: Si n O n ⁇ 1 (OR) 2n+2 (wherein each R is independently an alkyl group, and n represents 2 to 1000.).
- Such an inorganic fine particle dispersion is more excellent in coating film strength.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group and a hexyl group, preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group and a butyl group, Methyl group and ethyl group are more preferable.
- n represents 2 to 1000, preferably 3 to 100, more preferably 4 to 50, more preferably 6 to 30, and more preferably 8 to 30.
- alkoxysilane condensates include, but are not limited to: MS51, MS56, MS57, MS56S (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), HAS-1, HAS-6. , HAS-10 (manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.).
- the ratio of the weight of SiO 2 in component C to the total weight of inorganic fine particles X and inorganic fine particles Y is preferably 0.005 to 0.6, more preferably 0.005 to 0.2, and even more preferably. is 0.007 to 0.15, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.12.
- a liquid containing component C and a solvent may be used as the raw material liquid for producing the inorganic fine particle dispersion liquid.
- the raw material liquid containing component C may contain additives that promote hydrolysis and dehydration condensation, suppress aggregation of condensates, or control adhesion to substrates. Examples of additives include acrylic-urethane resins.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion liquid preferably contains a surfactant from the viewpoint of the smoothness of the coating film.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more and 0.5 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of the liquid dispersion medium. It is 1 part by mass or more and 0.45 part by mass or less, and in another more preferable embodiment, it is more than 0.3 and 0.45 part by mass or less.
- Surfactants used are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants. Preferred surfactants include nonionic surfactants.
- anionic surfactants include alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids, specifically sodium caprylate, potassium caprylate, sodium decanoate, sodium caproate, sodium myristate, potassium oleate, stearic acid. tetramethylammonium, sodium stearate and the like.
- alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids having alkyl chains of 6 to 10 carbon atoms are preferred.
- cationic surfactants include cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, -N-octadecylpyridinium bromide, and cetyltriethylphosphonium bromide.
- nonionic surfactants include polyether-modified siloxane.
- the siloxane chain in the main chain of the polyether-modified siloxane may have a linear or branched structure
- the ether chain in the side chain of the polyether-modified siloxane may have a linear or branched structure.
- a part of the side chain of may be modified with an alkyl group or the like.
- Commercially available products can be used as the polyether-modified siloxane.
- DOWSIL (trademark) 501WAdditive, DOWSIL (trademark) FZ-2104 Fluid, DOWSIL (trademark) FZ-2110, DOWSIL (trademark) FZ-2123, DOWSIL (trademark) FZ-2164 , DOWSILTM FZ-2191, DOWSILTM FZ-5609 Fluid, DOWSILTM L-7001, DOWSILTM L-7002, DOWSILTM L-7604, DOWSILTM SH3746 Fluid, DOWSILTM )SH3771Fluid ⁇ DOWSIL( ⁇ )SH8400Fluid ⁇ DOWSIL( ⁇ )SF8410
- amphoteric surfactants examples include 2-alkyl-N-carboxymethyl-N-hydroxyethylimidazolinium betaine and lauramidopropyl betaine.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion liquid may contain silica other than the inorganic fine particles X and the inorganic fine particles Y.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion may contain an organic electrolyte and an additive.
- thickening agents, thixotropic agents, antifoaming agents, light stabilizers, pigments, antifungal agents, dustproofing agents, antifreeze performance improvers, weathering agents, UV stabilizers, etc. depending on the application and method of use. and so on.
- the content is usually 0.01 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of the liquid dispersion medium.
- the organic electrolyte in the present invention refers to an organic compound having an ionizable ionic group (excluding surfactants). Examples include sodium p-toluenesulfonate, sodium benzenesulfonate, potassium butylsulfonate, sodium phenylphosphinate, and sodium diethylphosphate.
- the organic electrolyte is preferably a benzenesulfonic acid derivative.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion contains an additive
- the inorganic fine particle can be surface-treated with an appropriate additive.
- the additive include those having a polar group such as a hydroxyl group, an oxy group, a carbonyl group, a carboxy group, and an epoxy group. Through these polar groups, it becomes possible to form a hydrogen bond or a covalent bond with the inorganic fine particles. .
- Additives include, for example, polycarboxylic acids and salts thereof, unsaturated polymer esters, modified or unmodified polyurethanes, modified or unmodified polyesters, modified or unmodified poly(methacrylates), (meth)acryl Acid-based copolymers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phosphates, alkoxysilanes listed as component (C), alkoxysilane condensates, and acrylic-urethane resins are exemplified. Since the polymer additive adsorbs to the surface of the inorganic fine particles and acts to prevent reaggregation, those having an anchoring site on the particle surface are preferred, such as a terminal-modified polymer, a graft polymer, and a block polymer. A polymer can be mentioned as a preferred structure.
- the inorganic fine particles can be surface-treated, for example, by mixing a liquid containing the inorganic fine particles, an additive and a solvent.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion can be prepared, for example, by combining some or all of the following steps [Step 1] to [Step 10] in any order, but is not limited to these methods.
- [Step 1] A step of obtaining a dispersion liquid of inorganic fine particles X.
- the dispersion of the inorganic fine particles X is, for example, hydrolysis and/or condensation of metal alkoxide, hydrolysis of metal salt, pulverization and/or pulverization of metal oxide, precipitation of aqueous metal salt solution, and aqueous solution of metal salt solution.
- Step 2 A step of obtaining a dispersion liquid of inorganic fine particles Y; Dispersions of inorganic fine particles Y are, for example, hydrolyzed and/or condensed metal alkoxides, hydrolyzed metal salts, pulverized and/or pulverized metal oxides, precipitated aqueous metal salt solutions, and aqueous metal salt solutions.
- Step 3 A step of obtaining a first dispersion.
- the first dispersion contains the inorganic fine particles X and the first liquid dispersion medium.
- the first dispersion optionally contains inorganic fine particles Y, liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, water, component C, a surfactant, or other components contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion. be able to.
- the content of these components may be the total amount contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion, or may be a part of the amount.
- the first carrier medium can consist of a single liquid carrier medium or a mixture of liquid carrier mediums and the like.
- Step 4 A step of obtaining a second dispersion.
- the second dispersion contains the inorganic fine particles Y and the second liquid dispersion medium.
- the second dispersion optionally contains inorganic fine particles X, liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, water, component C, a surfactant, or other components contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion. be able to.
- the content of these components may be the total amount contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion, or may be a part of the amount.
- the second dispersion medium can consist of a single liquid dispersion medium or a mixture of liquid dispersion mediums and the like.
- Step 5 Step of obtaining a third dispersion.
- the third dispersion comprises component C and a third liquid dispersion medium.
- the third dispersion optionally contains inorganic fine particles X, inorganic fine particles Y, liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, water, a surfactant, or other components contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion.
- Step 6 A step of obtaining a fourth dispersion.
- the fourth dispersion contains a surfactant and a fourth liquid dispersion medium.
- the fourth dispersion optionally contains inorganic fine particles X, inorganic fine particles Y, liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, water, component C, or other components contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion. be able to.
- the content of these components may be the total amount contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion, or may be a part of the amount.
- the fourth carrier medium can consist of a single liquid carrier medium or a mixture of liquid carrier mediums and the like.
- Step 7 Step of obtaining a fifth dispersion.
- the fifth dispersion contains the liquid dispersion medium A and the fifth liquid dispersion medium.
- the fifth dispersion optionally contains inorganic fine particles X, inorganic fine particles Y, liquid dispersion medium B, water, component C, a surfactant, or other components contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion. can be done.
- the content of these components may be the total amount contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion, or may be a part of the amount.
- the fifth dispersing medium can consist of a single liquid dispersing medium or a mixture of liquid dispersing mediums and the like.
- Step 8 A step of obtaining a sixth dispersion.
- the sixth dispersion contains the liquid dispersion medium B and the sixth liquid dispersion medium.
- the sixth dispersion optionally contains inorganic fine particles X, inorganic fine particles Y, liquid dispersion medium A, water, component C, a surfactant, or other components contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion. can be done.
- the content of these components may be the total amount contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion, or may be a part of the amount.
- the sixth dispersing medium can consist of a single liquid dispersing medium or a mixture of liquid dispersing mediums and the like.
- Step 9 Step of obtaining a seventh dispersion.
- the seventh dispersion comprises water and the seventh liquid dispersion medium.
- the seventh dispersion optionally contains inorganic fine particles X, inorganic fine particles Y, liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, component C, a surfactant, or other components contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion.
- the seventh dispersing medium can consist of a single liquid dispersing medium or a mixture of liquid dispersing mediums and the like.
- Step 10 Step of obtaining an eighth dispersion.
- the eighth dispersion contains other components contained in the inorganic fine particle dispersion and the eighth liquid dispersion medium.
- the eighth dispersion liquid can contain inorganic fine particles X, inorganic fine particles Y, liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, water, component C, or a surfactant, if necessary.
- the eighth dispersion medium can consist of a single liquid dispersion medium or a mixture of liquid dispersion mediums and the like.
- the inorganic fine particles can be particularly uniformly dispersed.
- the dispersion of inorganic fine particles X and the dispersion of inorganic fine particles Y used for preparing the inorganic fine particle dispersion, and the inorganic fine particles in the finally obtained inorganic fine particle dispersion are in a colloidal state.
- the dispersion of the inorganic fine particles X the dispersion of the inorganic fine particles Y, or the dispersion of the inorganic fine particles X
- anions such as chloride ions, sulfate ions, and acetate ions are added to the colloidal alumina as counter anions in order to stabilize the positively charged alumina particles.
- the pH of the colloidal alumina is not particularly limited, it is preferably pH 2 to 6 from the viewpoint of the stability of the inorganic fine particle dispersion.
- At least one of the inorganic fine particles X and the inorganic fine particles Y is alumina, and the inorganic fine particles X or
- anions such as chloride ions, sulfate ions, and acetate ions to the dispersion.
- the dispersion of the inorganic fine particles X the dispersion of the inorganic fine particles Y, or the dispersion of the inorganic fine particles X
- the liquid and the dispersion liquid of the inorganic fine particles Y are colloidal silica dispersion liquids
- ammonium ions, alkali metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions are added to the colloidal silica in order to stabilize the negatively charged silica particles.
- a cation such as as a counter cation.
- the pH of colloidal silica is not particularly limited.
- At least one of the inorganic fine particles X and the inorganic fine particles Y is silica, and the inorganic fine particles
- cations such as ammonium ions, alkali metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion is prepared separately into the following agents A and B from the viewpoint of stably storing and managing the coating agent over a long period of time. and a method of mixing agent A and agent B immediately before coating to prepare an inorganic fine particle dispersion.
- Agent A Contains inorganic fine particles and water, and may optionally contain a liquid dispersion medium A, a liquid dispersion medium B, a surfactant, and other components.
- Agent B Contains component C, Liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, water, surfactants, and other components may be included as appropriate.
- the agent A contains inorganic fine particles and water, and may optionally contain liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, a surfactant, and other components.
- the content of inorganic fine particles contained in agent A is preferably 0.2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, and 0.3% by mass or more and 20% by mass, when the total weight of agent A is 100% by mass. It is more preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 15% by weight or less.
- the content of water contained in agent A is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and 10% by mass when the total weight of agent A is 100% by mass. It is more preferable to contain at least 15% by mass, and more preferably to contain at least 15% by mass.
- the upper limit is preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 60% by mass or less, further preferably 50% by mass or less, and 40% by mass or less. More preferably, it contains 30% by mass or less.
- agent B contains component C and may optionally contain liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, water, a surfactant, and other components.
- Agent B may also be a composition containing component C and optionally liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, water, a surfactant, and other components.
- the content of water contained in agent B is preferably small. 8 wt % or less is particularly preferred.
- the content of component C is 0.002 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 0, when the total weight of agent B is 100% by mass. .5 to 95% by mass, more preferably 1 to 60% by mass, more preferably 3 to 40% by mass, more preferably 3 to 20% by mass, more preferably 3 to 15% by mass is.
- a step of applying an inorganic fine particle dispersion to a substrate (coating step), and then removing the liquid dispersion medium from the inorganic fine particle dispersion applied to the substrate by an appropriate means to form an inorganic fine particle layer (hereinafter referred to as "A layered product including a substrate and an inorganic fine particle layer can be obtained by a method including a step of forming a coating film” (dispersion medium removing step).
- the method of applying the inorganic fine particle dispersion to the substrate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include gravure coating, reverse coating, brush roll coating, spray coating, kiss coating, die coating, dipping, bar coating and the like.
- Substrates include plastic films or sheets and glass plates.
- plastic films or sheets include polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, triacetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, acetyl cellulose butyrate, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, MS resin, SAN resin, silicone resin, and the like.
- a film or sheet may be mentioned.
- a film or sheet made of triacetyl cellulose or polyethylene terephthalate, or a glass plate is preferable because it has excellent transparency and no optical anisotropy.
- optical members such as a polarizing plate, a diffusion plate, a light guide plate, a brightness enhancement film, and a reflective polarizing plate can also be used as the substrate.
- the substrate may have, as a surface layer, a hard coat layer made of an ultraviolet curable resin or the like, or an antistatic layer containing conductive fine particles or the like.
- glass is the base material
- the surface of the base material may be subjected to pretreatment such as corona treatment, ozone treatment, plasma treatment, flame treatment, electron beam treatment, anchor coating treatment, and cleaning treatment.
- pretreatment such as corona treatment, ozone treatment, plasma treatment, flame treatment, electron beam treatment, anchor coating treatment, and cleaning treatment.
- an inorganic fine particle layer can be formed on the substrate surface.
- Removal of the liquid dispersion medium can be performed, for example, by air drying at room temperature and then heating under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the pressure and heating temperature for removing the liquid dispersion medium can be appropriately selected according to the materials used (that is, the inorganic fine particles X, the inorganic fine particles Y, and the liquid dispersion medium).
- it can be dried generally at a temperature of 50° C. or higher and 120° C. or lower, preferably about 60° C. or higher and 110° C. or lower. In one aspect, it can be dried at 50° C. or higher and 80° C. or lower, and in one aspect, it can be dried at 20° C. or higher and 50° C. or lower.
- the base material with the inorganic fine particle layer formed on the surface can be further heat treated to improve the adhesion between the base material and the inorganic fine particle layer (heat treatment step).
- a heat treatment method is not particularly limited. Heating by an oven, local heating of the inorganic fine particle layer by electromagnetic wave irradiation, and the like can be mentioned.
- the heating temperature, atmosphere and heating time are not particularly limited.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 500° C. or higher and 800° C. or lower.
- the atmosphere during heating is preferably air.
- the heating time is preferably 10 minutes or less.
- the inorganic fine particle dispersion is applied to the glass substrate before the quenching step in the production of the glass substrate, and the inorganic fine particle dispersion is applied.
- the glass base material may be quenched as it is.
- the inorganic fine particle layer of the laminate containing the substrate and the inorganic fine particle layer obtained by the above method has an antireflection function.
- the thickness of the inorganic fine particle layer is not particularly limited. In one aspect, the thickness of the inorganic fine particle layer is 40 nm or more and 300 nm or less, in another aspect the thickness of the inorganic fine particle layer is 50 nm or more and 240 nm or less, and in another aspect the thickness of the inorganic fine particle layer is 50 nm or more and 220 nm. In another aspect, it is 80 nm or more and 200 nm or less, in another aspect, it is 50 nm or more and 150 nm or less, and in another aspect, it is 80 nm or more and 130 nm or less.
- the thickness of the inorganic fine particle layer is preferably 50 nm or more and 240 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or more and 220 nm or less, and still more preferably 80 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- the thickness of the inorganic fine particle layer can be adjusted by changing the amount of the inorganic fine particles X and the inorganic fine particles Y in the inorganic fine particle dispersion and the coating amount of the inorganic fine particle dispersion.
- An antifouling layer made of a fluorine-based compound or the like may be further formed on the inorganic fine particle layer formed by applying the inorganic fine particle dispersion.
- a method for forming the antifouling layer includes a dip coating method.
- the main materials used are as follows.
- the transmittance value of the slide glass used as the base material was measured by the method described in the [Transmittance] section of the following examples.
- Particle-1 inorganic fine particle Y
- Snowtex registered trademark
- ST-OUP colloidal silica fine particle chain in which three or more particles having a particle size of 5 nm or more and 20 nm or less are linked in a chain.
- the numerical values for the amount of inorganic fine particles added in Tables 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 are the amount of solid content added when the total amount of the composition (the total amount of the dispersion liquid) is 100% by mass. is.
- Liquid dispersion medium A The following liquid dispersion medium A was used.
- Liquid A-1 2-methoxyethyl acetate (boiling point 143° C.)
- Liquid A-2 4-methyl-2-pentanone (boiling point 116° C.)
- Liquid A-3 1-methoxy-2-propanol (boiling point 120 ° C.)
- Liquid A-4 4-ethylmorpholine (boiling point 139°C)
- Liquid A-5 isoamyl acetate (boiling point 141° C.)
- Liquid A-6 Propylene glycol 1-monomethyl ether 2-acetate (boiling point 146° C.)
- Liquid A-7 1-propoxy-2-propanol (boiling point 149° C.)
- Liquid A-8 N,N-dimethylformamide (boiling point 153° C.)
- Liquid A-9
- Liquid dispersion medium B Liquid B-1: ethanol (boiling point 78 ° C.) Liquid B-2: isopropyl alcohol (boiling point 82 ° C.)
- Composition-1 BYK (registered trademark)-349 (manufactured by BYK-Chemie Japan Co., Ltd.; polyether-modified siloxane)
- Component-2 Dispersion of alkoxysilane condensate in which a plurality of Si—O—Si bonds are three-dimensionally linked (peak top molecular weight of alkoxysilane condensate: 700; content of alkoxysilane condensate in dispersion: 2 wt%; More than half of the terminals of the alkoxysilane condensate are hydroxyl groups; the additive includes an acrylic-urethane resin.)
- the alkoxysilane condensate in Component-2 is hereinafter referred to as "Component C-3 ” is sometimes called.
- Composition-3 Silkest (registered trademark) A-187J (manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials Japan LLC; ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane)
- Composition-4 MKC Silicate (registered trademark) MS56S (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation; polymethoxysiloxane)
- Laminates comprising a glass substrate and an inorganic fine particle layer in Examples and Comparative Examples were produced by the method described below.
- Examples 1-29 and Comparative Examples 1-8 Inorganic fine particles, liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, water, and component C, surfactant and other components so that the component ratios shown in Tables 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 are obtained.
- a mixture of the above was stirred to prepare an inorganic fine particle dispersion.
- one side of the base material was masked with a masking tape to prepare the base material.
- Substrate-1 was used here as the substrate.
- the prepared inorganic fine particle dispersion was applied to the non-masked side of the masked base material. After coating, the masking tape was removed from the substrate, and air dried at room temperature. The obtained substrate is heat-treated in an oven at 100°C for 3 minutes in the air, and then heat-treated in a muffle furnace at 700°C for 2 minutes in the air to form an inorganic fine particle layer on the substrate. Then, a laminate comprising the substrate and the inorganic fine particle layer was obtained.
- Examples 30-32 A mixture of inorganic fine particles, liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, and component-1 is stirred so that the component ratio shown in Table 1-4 is obtained, and then component-4 is added and stirred. , to prepare an inorganic fine particle dispersion.
- one side of the base material was masked with a masking tape to prepare the base material.
- Substrate-2 was used here as the substrate.
- Micro Speed Dip Coater MD-0408-01 manufactured by SDI Co., Ltd.
- the prepared inorganic fine particle dispersion was immediately applied to the non-masked side of the masked base material. After coating, the masking tape was removed from the substrate, and air dried at room temperature.
- the obtained substrate is heat-treated in an oven at 100°C for 3 minutes in the air, and then heat-treated in a muffle furnace at 700°C for 2 minutes in the air to form an inorganic fine particle layer on the substrate. Then, a laminate comprising the substrate and the inorganic fine particle layer was obtained.
- Tables 1-4 The results are summarized in Tables 1-4.
- Example 33 An inorganic fine particle dispersion (100.0% by mass) was prepared as follows. (mass of inorganic fine particles Y) / [(mass of inorganic fine particles X) + (mass of inorganic fine particles Y)] is 0.75 and the silica solid content is 2.59% by mass. A mixture consisting of Grain-2 was prepared. A mixture consisting of the obtained grains-1 and grains-2, liquid dispersion medium A (1.30% by mass), liquid dispersion medium B (71.19% by mass), and component-1 (0.25% by mass ) was stirred.
- Example 34 An inorganic fine particle dispersion (100.0% by mass) was prepared as follows. (Mass of inorganic fine particles Y)/[(Mass of inorganic fine particles X) + (Mass of inorganic fine particles Y)] is 0.75 and the silica solid content is 2.59% by mass. -2 was prepared. A mixture consisting of the obtained grains-1 and grains-2, liquid dispersion medium A (5.18% by mass), liquid dispersion medium B (67.31% by mass), and component-1 (0.25% by mass ) were mixed and stirred.
- Example 35 An inorganic fine particle dispersion (100.0% by mass) was prepared as follows. When the value of (mass of inorganic fine particles Y)/[(mass of inorganic fine particles X) + (mass of inorganic fine particles Y)] is 0.75 and the resulting inorganic fine particle dispersion is 100.0% by mass, silica Grain-1 and Grain-2 were weighed so that the solid content was 2.59% by mass, and a mixture thereof was prepared. A mixture consisting of the obtained grains-1 and grains-2, liquid dispersion medium A (10.35% by mass), liquid dispersion medium B (62.14% by mass), and component-1 (0.25% by mass ) was stirred.
- Example 36 A mixture consisting of inorganic fine particles, liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, and component-1 is stirred so that the component ratios shown in Table 1-4 are obtained, and then component-4 is added and stirred. Thus, an inorganic fine particle dispersion was prepared. Using the obtained inorganic fine particle dispersion, a laminate comprising a substrate and an inorganic fine particle layer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 30. The results are summarized in Tables 1-4.
- Example 37 A mixture consisting of inorganic fine particles, liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, and component-1 is stirred so that the component ratios shown in Table 1-4 are obtained, and then component-4 is added and stirred. Thus, an inorganic fine particle dispersion was prepared.
- one side of the base material was masked with a masking tape to prepare the base material.
- Substrate-2 was used here as the substrate.
- Micro Speed Dip Coater MD-0408-01 manufactured by SDI Co., Ltd.
- the prepared inorganic fine particle dispersion was immediately applied to the non-masked side of the masked base material. After coating, the masking tape was removed from the substrate, and air dried at room temperature.
- the obtained substrate is heat-treated in an oven at 100°C for 3 minutes in the air, and then heat-treated in a muffle furnace at 700°C for 2 minutes in the air to form an inorganic fine particle layer on the substrate. Then, a laminate comprising the substrate and the inorganic fine particle layer was obtained.
- Tables 1-4 The results are summarized in Tables 1-4.
- Example 38 An inorganic fine particle dispersion (100.0% by mass) was prepared as follows. (Mass of inorganic fine particles Y)/[(Mass of inorganic fine particles X) + (Mass of inorganic fine particles Y)] is 0.75 and the silica solid content is 2.59% by mass. -2 were weighed and a mixture thereof was prepared. A mixture consisting of the obtained grains-1 and grains-2, liquid dispersion medium A (5.18% by mass), liquid dispersion medium B (67.31% by mass), and component-1 (0.25% by mass ) were mixed and stirred.
- Example 30 A mixture of liquid dispersion medium B (7.48% by mass) and component-4 (0.39% by mass) was added to the resulting stirred material and stirred to obtain an inorganic fine particle dispersion (100.0% by mass ) was prepared. Using the obtained inorganic fine particle dispersion, a laminate comprising a substrate and an inorganic fine particle layer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 30. The results are summarized in Tables 1-4.
- Example 39 An inorganic fine particle dispersion (100.0% by mass) was prepared as follows. (Mass of inorganic fine particles Y)/[(Mass of inorganic fine particles X) + (Mass of inorganic fine particles Y)] is 0.75 and the silica solid content is 2.59 parts by weight. -2 were weighed and a mixture thereof was prepared. The resulting mixture of Grain-1 and Grain-2, liquid dispersion medium A (5.18% by mass) and liquid dispersion medium B (67.55% by mass) were mixed and stirred. Add a mixture of liquid dispersion medium B (7.24% by mass), component-1 (0.25% by mass), and component-4 (0.39% by mass) to the resulting stirred material and stir.
- Example 30 Using the obtained inorganic fine particle dispersion, a laminate comprising a substrate and an inorganic fine particle layer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 30. The results are summarized in Tables 1-4.
- Example 40 An inorganic fine particle dispersion (100.0% by mass) was prepared as follows. (Mass of inorganic fine particles Y)/[(Mass of inorganic fine particles X) + (Mass of inorganic fine particles Y)] is 0.75 and the silica solid content is 2.59% by mass. -2 were weighed and a mixture thereof was prepared. The resulting mixture of grains-1 and grains-2, liquid dispersion medium A (1.43% by mass) and liquid dispersion medium B (29.20% by mass) were mixed and stirred.
- liquid dispersion medium A (3.75% by mass), liquid dispersion medium B (45.59% by mass), component-1 (0.25% by mass), and component-4 (0.39% by mass) %) was added and stirred to prepare an inorganic fine particle dispersion (100.0% by mass).
- inorganic fine particle dispersion a laminate comprising a substrate and an inorganic fine particle layer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 30. The results are summarized in Tables 1-4.
- Examples 41-48 A mixture of inorganic fine particles, liquid dispersion medium A, liquid dispersion medium B, and component-1 is stirred so that the component ratios shown in Tables 1-4 and 1-5 are obtained, and then component-4 is added. and stirring to prepare an inorganic fine particle dispersion.
- one side of the base material was masked with a masking tape to prepare the base material.
- Substrate-2 was used here as the substrate.
- Micro Speed Dip Coater MD-0408-01 manufactured by SDI Co., Ltd.
- the prepared inorganic fine particle dispersion was immediately applied to the non-masked side of the masked base material. After coating, the masking tape was removed from the substrate, and air dried at room temperature.
- the obtained substrate is heat-treated in an oven at 100°C for 3 minutes in the air, and then heat-treated in a muffle furnace at 700°C for 2 minutes in the air to form an inorganic fine particle layer on the substrate. Then, a laminate comprising the substrate and the inorganic fine particle layer was obtained.
- Tables 1-4 and 1-5 The results are summarized in Tables 1-4 and 1-5.
- the inorganic fine particles are removed from the cellophane tape. It can be said that the adhesion of the inorganic fine particle layer to the substrate is weak. Furthermore, when the adhesive component of the cellophane tape does not move to the surface where the inorganic fine particle layer was present, and when reflection peculiar to the inorganic fine particle layer occurs, the inorganic fine particle layer is in close contact with the substrate, It can be said that the adhesion is not as strong as in the case of "A", and the evaluation in that case was given as "O".
- a coating film having high light transmittance and high coating film strength (high adhesion of the coating film to a substrate) can be formed, and an inorganic fine particle dispersion having good storage stability is provided. can provide.
- the coating film of the present invention it is also possible to provide a laminate having high light transmittance and high coating film strength (high adhesion of the coating film to the substrate).
- the coating film of the present invention has a highly hydrophilic coating film surface due to the silanol groups on the silica contained in the coating film, and also has an antifouling property to wash off dirt with water and rain.
- These coating films can be used as antireflection films, antifouling films, antifogging films, etc., and can be used as antireflection and antifouling films on the surface of the protective glass of solar cells (solar cell cover glass), and as reflective films for displays.
- films and films such as anti-fogging films and anti-fog films for agricultural films (vinyl greenhouses), various housing equipment parts, various agricultural parts, various industrial parts, various building material parts, and various parts for home appliances. , various automobile interior and exterior parts, etc., and has high applicability in various industrial fields such as the construction industry, transportation machinery industry, electrical and electronic industry, and household goods.
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Abstract
Description
すなわち本発明は、以下に関するが、それに限定されない。
[1]
無機微粒子と、
沸点が100℃以上190℃未満である液体分散媒A(ただし、水を除く)と、
沸点が100℃未満である液体分散媒Bと、
を含む無機微粒子分散液であって、
無機微粒子分散液の全量を100質量%として、液体分散媒Aの含有率が0.5質量%以上15質量%未満である、無機微粒子分散液。
[2]
液体分散媒Bの含有率が、無機微粒子分散液の全量を100質量%として、20質量%以上85質量%以下である、[1]に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
[3]
液体分散媒Bがアルコールである、[1]または[2]に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
[4]
無機微粒子分散液がさらに水を含む、[1]ないし[3]のいずれかに記載の無機微粒子分散液。
[5]
水の含有率が、無機微粒子分散液の全量を100質量%として、5質量%以上55質量%以下である、[4]に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
[6]
無機微粒子分散液がさらにアルコキシシランおよび/またはその縮合物を含む、[1]ないし[5]のいずれかに記載の無機微粒子分散液。
[7]
無機微粒子分散液がさらにアルコキシシラン、複数のSi-O-Si結合が直線的に連なるアルコキシシラン縮合物および複数のSi-O-Si結合が三次元的に連なるアルコキシシラン縮合物からなる群より選ばれる一種以上を含む、[1]ないし[5]のいずれかに記載の無機微粒子分散液。
[8]
液体分散媒Aがアルコールである、請求項1ないし7のいずれか一項に記載の無機微粒子分散液。[9]
無機微粒子分散液がさらに界面活性剤を含む、[1]ないし[8]のいずれかに記載の無機微粒子分散液。
[10]
無機微粒子分散液がさらにポリエーテル変性シロキサンからなる界面活性剤を含む、[1]ないし[8]のいずれかに記載の無機微粒子分散液。
[11]
無機微粒子がコロイダルシリカである、[1]ないし[10]のいずれかに記載の無機微粒子分散液。
[12]
無機微粒子の含有率が、無機微粒子分散液の全量を100質量%として、0.1質量%以上10質量%以下である、[1]ないし[11]のいずれかに記載の無機微粒子分散液。
[13]
[1]ないし[12]のいずれかに記載の無機微粒子分散液を基材に塗布する工程(塗布工程);及び、
基材に塗布された前記無機微粒子分散液から液体分散媒A及び液体分散媒Bを除去して基材上に無機微粒子層を形成する工程(分散媒除去工程)
を含む、積層体の製造方法。
[14]
分散媒除去工程後に、さらに熱処理工程を含む、[13]に記載の積層体の製造方法。
[15]
[13]または[14]に記載の方法により得られた、基材と無機微粒子層とを含む積層体。
本発明によればまた、高光線透過率及び高塗膜強度(塗膜の基材への高い密着性)を有する積層体を提供できる。
本発明の無機微粒子分散液は、
無機微粒子と、
沸点が100℃以上190℃未満である液体分散媒A(ただし、水を除く)と、
沸点が100℃未満である液体分散媒Bと、
を含む無機微粒子分散液であって、
無機微粒子分散液の全量を100質量%として、液体分散媒Aの含有率が0.5質量%以上15質量%未満である、無機微粒子分散液である。
本発明において、無機微粒子とは、一次粒子径が1nm以上60nm以下である無機微粒子X、もしくは一次粒子径が1nm以上60nm以下である無機微粒子が複数個連なってなる無機微粒子Yであることができる。ここで「複数個連なってなる」という表現は、直線状に連なった状態だけではなく、折れ曲がって連なった状態、及び環状に連なった状態、並びに枝分かれした状態をも含む。
メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、エチレングリコール、エチレングリコールモノn-プロピルエーテルなどのアルコール溶媒、
ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロリドンなどのアミド溶媒、
トルエンなどの芳香族溶媒、
メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン溶媒、
酢酸エチルなどのエステル溶媒、
水、
などが挙げられ、これらの溶媒を複数混合して用いることもできる。
好ましくは、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、エチレングリコール、エチレングリコールモノn-プロピルエーテルなどのアルコール溶媒、および水であり、より好ましくは、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、および水であり、より好ましくは、エタノール、イソプロパノール、および水であり、より好ましくは水である。
本発明において、液体分散媒Aとは、大気圧(1013.25hPa)の下での沸点が100℃以上190℃未満である液体(但し、水を除く)である。無機微粒子分散液全体を100質量%とするとき、液体分散媒Aの含有率は0.5質量%以上15質量%未満である。
δtA
={4(δDA-15.6)2+(δPA-16.0)2+(δHA-42.0)2}0.5 (1)
(式中、δDA、δPA、δHAは、液体分散媒Aについてのハンセン溶解度パラメータにおける、分散項(Mpa0.5)、極性項(Mpa0.5)、水素結合項(Mpa0.5)をそれぞれ表す。)
上記のδDA、δPA、δHAは、一般的に利用可能な市販ソフトウエアである「HSPiP 5th 5.2.06」を用いて、同ソフトウエアにおけるY-MBと呼ばれる方法を適用して算出される。
δtAの好ましい範囲として、上限は、39Mpa0.5以下である事が好ましく、35.5Mpa0.5以下である事がより好ましく、34Mpa0.5以下である事がさらに好ましい。下限は、25Mpa0.5以上である事が好ましく、29Mpa0.5以上である事がより好ましく、30Mpa0.5以上である事がさらに好ましい。このような範囲内のδtAとなる液体分散媒Aは、シリカ粒子との高い親和性が得られ、塗工性が良好となる。
酢酸2-メトキシエチル、4-メチル-2-ペンタノン、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール、4-エチルモルホリン、酢酸イソアミル、プロピレングリコール1-モノメチルエーテル2-アセタート、1-プロポキシ-2-プロパノール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、酢酸2-エトキシエチル、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、
酢酸n‐ペンチル、酢酸ノルマルプロピル、アセト酢酸エチル、2-ペンタノン、3-ペンタノン、アセチルアセトン(2,4-ペンタンジオン)、n-ブチルアルコール、イソブチルアルコール、1-ヘキサノール、フルフリルアルコール、2-メチル-2-ブタノール、1-ペンタノール、3-ペンタノール、ジブチルエーテル、1,4-ジオキサン、2-ブトキシエタノール(エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル)、2-メトキシエタノール(エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル)、2-エトキシエタノール(エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル)、2-エチルヘキサノール、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、乳酸エチル、ジエチレングリコールエチルメチルエーテル、酢酸3-メトキシブチル、2-(ブチルアミノ)エタノール、2-(メチルアミノ)エタノール、N-シクロヘキシルアミン、1,2-プロパンジオール、3-メトキシ-3-メチルブタノール、プロピレングリコール1-モノブチルエーテル、1-エトキシ-2-プロパノール、3-メトキシ-1-プロパノール、3-メトキシ-1-ブタノール、エチレングリコールモノ-t-ブチルエーテル、2-イソプロポキシエタノール、2-プロポキシエタノール、2-イソブトキシエタノール、2-アリルオキシエタノール、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、酢酸2-ヒドロキシエチル、1-ブタノール、
ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、1,2-ジエトキシエタン、
1,2-ジアセトキシプロパン、酢酸3-メトキシ-3-メチルブチル。
より好ましくは、
1-プロポキシ-2-プロパノール、2-ブトキシエタノール(エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル)、2-エトキシエタノール(エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル)、乳酸エチル、3-メトキシ-3-メチルブタノール、プロピレングリコール1-モノブチルエーテル、1-エトキシ-2-プロパノール、3-メトキシ-1-プロパノール、3-メトキシ-1-ブタノール、エチレングリコールモノ-t-ブチルエーテル、2-イソプロポキシエタノール、2-プロポキシエタノール、2-イソブトキシエタノール、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、を挙げることができ、
さらに好ましくは、
2-ブトキシエタノール(エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル)、3-メトキシ-3-メチルブタノール、プロピレングリコール1-モノブチルエーテル、3-メトキシ-1-プロパノール、3-メトキシ-1-ブタノール、エチレングリコールモノ-t-ブチルエーテル、2-プロポキシエタノール、2-イソブトキシエタノール、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、を挙げることができる。
本発明において、液体分散媒Bとは、大気圧(1013.25hPa)の下での沸点が100℃未満である液体である。
δtB
={4(δDB-15.6)2+(δPB-16.0)2+(δHB-42.0)2}0.5 (2)
(式中、δDB、δPB、δHBは、液体分散媒Bについてのハンセン溶解度パラメータにおける、分散項(Mpa0.5)、極性項(Mpa0.5)、水素結合項(Mpa0.5)をそれぞれ表す。)
上記のδDB、δPB、δHBは一般的に利用可能な市販ソフトウエアである「HSPiP 5th 5.2.06」を用いて、同ソフトウエアにおけるY-MBと呼ばれる方法を適用して算出される。
δtBの好ましい範囲として、上限は、32Mpa0.5以下である事が好ましく、31Mpa0.5以下である事が好ましく、27Mpa0.5以下である事がより好ましい。下限は、18Mpa0.5以上である事が好ましく、23Mpa0.5以上である事がより好ましく、25Mpa0.5以上である事がより好ましい。このような範囲内のδtBとなる液体分散媒Bは、シリカ粒子との高い親和性が得られ、塗工性が良好となる。
本発明において、一態様として、無機微粒子分散液は水を含むことも好ましい。水の含有率の下限としては、塗工性や保管安定性の観点から無機微粒子分散液全体を100質量%とするとき、1質量%以上含むことが好ましく、3質量%以上含むことがさらに好ましく、5質量%以上含むことがさらに好ましく、8質量%以上含むことがさらに好ましく、10質量%以上含むことがさらに好ましい。また、水の含有率の上限としては、透過率の観点から、55質量%以下含むことが好ましく、50質量%以下含むことがさらに好ましく、45質量%以下含むことがさらに好ましく、35質量%以下含むことがさらに好ましく、25質量%以下含むことがさらに好ましく、20質量%以下含むことがさらに好ましい。
本発明において、一態様として、無機微粒子分散液は、アルコキシシラン及び/またはその縮合物(成分C)を含むことが好ましい。成分Cは、アルコキシシラン及び/またはその縮合物である。アルコキシシランとしては、テトラアルコキシシランが挙げられる。
テトラアルコキシシランは、一態様として、次式:Si(OR)4(式中、4つのRはそれぞれ独立に、炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。)で表される。テトラアルコキシシランの縮合物は、一態様として、次式:SinOn-1(OR)2n+2(式中、各Rはそれぞれ独立に、炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。nは2~1000であり、一態様として、nは2~100である。)で表される。アルコキシシランとしては、テトラメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシラン、テトラプロポキシシラン、テトラブトキシシランなどが挙げられ、テトラメトキシシラン及びテトラエトキシシランが好ましい。アルコキシシランを以下、「成分C1」と記載することがある。アルコキシシランは市販品を使用してもよい。
これらアルコキシシランは、部分的にOR部位が加水分解されていてもよく、更に該加水分解部分で縮合していてもよい。
Si(Ra)q(Rb)4-q (1)
式(1)中、Raは、水素原子又は非加水分解性の有機基を表し、Rbは、加水分解性基を表す。qは0~2の整数を表す。
本明細書において、「加水分解性」とは、水との反応によりシラノール基を生成させる性質をいう。
アルコキシシランの縮合物のピークトップ分子量は、一般的にゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法により測定した値を用いることができる。
無機微粒子分散液中の成分Cの量は特に限定されるものではないが、無機微粒子分散液の全重量を100重量%として、0.001~2重量%であることが好ましく、0.005~1重量%であることがより好ましく、0.01~0.5重量%であることがさらに好ましい。成分Cの含有量を、以下、「分散液中の成分Cの固形分濃度」と記載することがある。
無機微粒子Xと無機微粒子Yの合計重量に対する成分C中のSiO2の重量の割合は、好ましくは0.005~0.6であり、より好ましくは0.005~0.2であり、さらに好ましくは0.007~0.15であり、特に好ましくは0.01~0.12ある。
無機微粒子分散液は、一態様として、塗膜の平滑性などの観点から界面活性剤を含むことが好ましい。無機微粒子分散液が界面活性剤を含む場合、その含有量は液体分散媒100重量部に対し、好ましくは0.01質量部以上0.5重量部以下であり、さらに好ましい一態様としては0.1質量部以上0.45質量部以下であり、別のさらに好ましい一態様としては0.3より大きく0.45質量部以下である。用いられる界面活性剤は特に限定されるものではなく、例えばアニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤などが挙げられる。好ましい界面活性剤としては、非イオン性界面活性剤が挙げられる。
無機微粒子分散液は、無機微粒子X及び無機微粒子Y以外のシリカを含んでもよい。無機微粒子分散液は、有機系電解質および添加剤を含んでもよい。その他、用途及び使用方法などに応じて、増粘剤、チクソ化剤、消泡剤、光安定化剤、顔料、防黴剤、防塵剤、不凍性能改善剤、耐候剤、紫外線安定化剤などを含んでもよい。
無機微粒子分散液は、例えば、下記[工程1]ないし[工程10]の工程の一部もしくは全部を任意の順序で組み合わせて調製することができるが、これらの方法に限定されるものではない。
[工程1]無機微粒子Xの分散液を得る工程。無機微粒子Xの分散液は、例えば、金属アルコキシドの加水分解及び/またはその縮合、金属塩の加水分解、金属酸化物の粉砕及び/または解砕、金属塩水溶液の沈殿、及び金属塩水溶液の水熱処理、ならびに、無機微粒子Xを液体分散媒中に混合させ、攪拌させ分散させる処理により得られる。また、無機微粒子Xの分散液として市販のものを使用することもできる。
[工程2]無機微粒子Yの分散液を得る工程。無機微粒子Yの分散液は、例えば、金属アルコキシドの加水分解及び/またはその縮合、金属塩の加水分解、金属酸化物の粉砕及び/または解砕、金属塩水溶液の沈殿、及び金属塩水溶液の水熱処理、ならびに、無機微粒子Yを液体分散媒中に混合させ、攪拌させ分散させる処理により得られる。また、無機微粒子Yの分散液として市販のものを使用することもできる。
[工程3]第一の分散液を得る工程。ただし、第一の分散液は、無機微粒子Xと第一の液体分散媒を含んでなる。第一の分散液は、必要に応じて、無機微粒子Y、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、水、成分C、界面活性剤、または無機微粒子分散液に含まれるその他の成分を含んでいることができる。この場合、それらの成分の含有量は、無機微粒子分散液に含まれる全量であってもよく、一部の量であってもよい。第一の分散媒は、単一の液体分散媒もしくは複数の液体分散媒等の混合物からなることができる。
[工程4]第二の分散液を得る工程。ただし、第二の分散液は、無機微粒子Yと第二の液体分散媒を含んでなる。第二の分散液は、必要に応じて、無機微粒子X、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、水、成分C、界面活性剤、または無機微粒子分散液に含まれるその他の成分を含んでいることができる。この場合、それらの成分の含有量は、無機微粒子分散液に含まれる全量であってもよく、一部の量であってもよい。第二の分散媒は、単一の液体分散媒もしくは複数の液体分散媒等の混合物からなることができる。
[工程5]第三の分散液を得る工程。ただし、第三の分散液は、成分Cと第三の液体分散媒を含んでなる。第三の分散液は、必要に応じて、無機微粒子X、無機微粒子Y、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、水、界面活性剤、または無機微粒子分散液に含まれるその他の成分を含んでいることができる。この場合、それらの成分の含有量は、無機微粒子分散液に含まれる全量であってもよく、一部の量であってもよい。第三の分散媒は、単一の液体分散媒もしくは複数の液体分散媒等の混合物からなることができる。
[工程6]第四の分散液を得る工程。ただし、第四の分散液は、界面活性剤と第四の液体分散媒を含んでなる。第四の分散液は、必要に応じて、無機微粒子X、無機微粒子Y、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、水、成分C、または無機微粒子分散液に含まれるその他の成分を含んでいることができる。この場合、それらの成分の含有量は、無機微粒子分散液に含まれる全量であってもよく、一部の量であってもよい。第四の分散媒は、単一の液体分散媒もしくは複数の液体分散媒等の混合物からなることができる。
[工程7]第五の分散液を得る工程。ただし、第五の分散液は、液体分散媒Aと第五の液体分散媒を含んでなる。第五の分散液は、必要に応じて、無機微粒子X、無機微粒子Y、液体分散媒B、水、成分C、界面活性剤、または無機微粒子分散液に含まれるその他の成分を含んでいることができる。この場合、それらの成分の含有量は、無機微粒子分散液に含まれる全量であってもよく、一部の量であってもよい。第五の分散媒は、単一の液体分散媒もしくは複数の液体分散媒等の混合物からなることができる。
[工程8]第六の分散液を得る工程。ただし、第六の分散液は、液体分散媒Bと第六の液体分散媒を含んでなる。第六の分散液は、必要に応じて、無機微粒子X、無機微粒子Y、液体分散媒A、水、成分C、界面活性剤、または無機微粒子分散液に含まれるその他の成分を含んでいることができる。この場合、それらの成分の含有量は、無機微粒子分散液に含まれる全量であってもよく、一部の量であってもよい。第六の分散媒は、単一の液体分散媒もしくは複数の液体分散媒等の混合物からなることができる。
[工程9]第七の分散液を得る工程。ただし、第七の分散液は、水と第七の液体分散媒を含んでなる。第七の分散液は、必要に応じて、無機微粒子X、無機微粒子Y、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、成分C、界面活性剤、または無機微粒子分散液に含まれるその他の成分を含んでいることができる。この場合、それらの成分の含有量は、無機微粒子分散液に含まれる全量であってもよく、一部の量であってもよい。第七の分散媒は、単一の液体分散媒もしくは複数の液体分散媒等の混合物からなることができる。
[工程10]第八の分散液を得る工程。ただし、第八の分散液は、無機微粒子分散液に含まれるその他の成分と第八の液体分散媒を含んでなる。第八の分散液は、必要に応じて、無機微粒子X、無機微粒子Y、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、水、成分C、または界面活性剤を含んでいることができる。この場合、それらの成分の含有量は、無機微粒子分散液に含まれる全量であってもよく、一部の量であってもよい。第八の分散媒は、単一の液体分散媒もしくは複数の液体分散媒等の混合物からなることができる。
より均一な分散を達成するために、無機微粒子分散液の調製に使用する無機微粒子Xの分散液や無機微粒子Yの分散液や、最終的に得られる無機微粒子分散液中で無機微粒子はコロイド状態であることが好ましい。分散媒には水や揮発性の有機溶媒を用いることができる。
[A剤]:無機微粒子および水を含有し、適宜、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、界面活性剤、およびその他成分を含んでいてもよい。
[B剤]:成分Cを含有し、
適宜、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、水、界面活性剤、およびその他成分を含んでいてもよい。
A剤に含まれる無機微粒子の含有率は、A剤の全重量を100質量%としたとき、0.2質量%以上30重量%以下であることが好ましく、0.3質量%以上20重量%以下であることがより好ましく、0.5質量%以上15重量%以下であることがさらに好ましい。
A剤に含まれる水の含有率は、A剤の全重量を100質量%としたとき、下限としては、1質量%以上含むことが好ましく、5質量%以上含むことがさらに好ましく、10質量%以上含むことがさらに好ましく、15質量%以上含むことがさらに好ましい。
また、上限としては、90質量%以下含むことが好ましく、80質量%以下含むことがさらに好ましく、60質量%以下含むことがさらに好ましく、50質量%以下含むことがさらに好ましく、40質量%以下含むことがさらに好ましく、30質量%以下含むことがさらに好ましい。
B剤に含まれる水の含有率は小さいことが好ましく、B剤の全重量を100質量%としたとき、5wt%以下が好ましく、3wt%以下がより好ましく、1wt%以下がより好ましく、0.8wt%以下が特に好ましい。
B剤が、上記のような組成物である場合、成分Cの含有率は、B剤の全重量を100質量%としたとき、0.002~99.9質量%であり、より好ましくは0.5~95質量%であり、より好ましくは1~60質量%であり、より好ましくは3~40質量%であり、より好ましくは3~20質量%であり、より好ましくは3~15質量%である。
無機微粒子分散液を基材に塗布する工程(塗布工程)、ついで、基材に塗布された無機微粒子分散液から液体分散媒を適当な手段で除去して基材に無機微粒子層(以下、「塗膜」と記載することがある。)を形成する工程(分散媒除去工程)を含む方法により、基材及び無機微粒子層を含む積層体を得ることができる。
無機微粒子分散液を基材に塗布する方法は特に限定されず、例えば、グラビアコーティング、リバースコーティング、刷毛ロールコーティング、スプレーコーティング、キスコーティング、ダイコーティング、ディッピング、バーコーティング等が挙げられる。
基材表面に塗布した無機微粒子分散液から液体分散媒を除去すること(分散媒除去工程)により、基材表面に無機微粒子層を形成することができる。液体分散媒の除去は、例えば、室温下での自然乾燥後、常圧下または減圧下における加熱により行なうことができる。
液体分散媒の除去の際の圧力、加熱温度は、使用する材料(すなわち、無機微粒子X、無機微粒子Yおよび液体分散媒)に応じて適宜選択することができる。例えば、一般的には50℃以上120℃以下で、好ましくは約60℃以上110℃以下で乾燥することができる。一態様において、50℃以上80℃以下で乾燥することができ、一態様において20℃以上50℃以下で乾燥することができる。
加熱時の雰囲気は、空気が好ましい。加熱時間は10分間以下が好ましい。
上記方法により得られた、基材及び無機微粒子層を含む積層体の無機微粒子層は、一態様において、反射防止機能を有する。無機微粒子層の厚さは特に限定されない。一態様において、無機微粒子層の厚みは40nm以上300nm以下であり、別の態様において、無機微粒子層の厚みは50nm以上240nm以下であり、また別の態様において、無機微粒子層の厚みは50nm以上220nm以下であり、また別の態様において、80nm以上200nm以下であり、別の態様において、50nm以上150nm以下であり、別の態様において、80nm以上130nm以下である。
スライドグラス(アズワン株式会社製;ソーダ石灰ガラス;透過率:89%;幅26mm長さ76mm厚み1.3mm)。前記透過率89%のスライドグラスを基材-1と称する。
スライドグラス(透過率:88.6%;幅26mm長さ76mm厚み1.3mm)。前記透過率88.6%のスライドグラスを基材-2と称する。
無機微粒子として、以下の分散液を使用した。
粒-1(無機微粒子Y):スノーテックス(登録商標)ST-OUP(日産化学工業株式会社製;粒径が5nm以上20nm以下である粒子が3個以上鎖状に連なったコロイダルシリカ微粒子鎖の水分散液;動的光散乱法による平均粒子径40nm以上300nm以下;固形分濃度15重量%)
粒-2(無機微粒子X):スノーテックス(登録商標)ST-OXS(日産化学工業株式会社製;コロイダルシリカの水分散液;平均粒子径4nm以上6nm以下;固形分濃度10重量%)
なお、表1-1、表1-2、表1-3中の無機微粒子の添加量の数値は、組成物全量(分散液全量)を100質量%としたときの、固形分濃度の添加量である。
液体分散媒Aは、以下のものを使用した。
液A-1:酢酸2-メトキシエチル(沸点143℃)
液A-2:4-メチル-2-ペンタノン(沸点116℃)
液A-3:1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール(沸点120℃)
液A-4:4-エチルモルホリン(沸点139℃)
液A-5:酢酸イソアミル(沸点141℃)
液A-6:プロピレングリコール1-モノメチルエーテル2-アセテート(沸点146℃)
液A-7:1-プロポキシ-2-プロパノール(沸点149℃)
液A-8:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(沸点153℃)
液A-9:酢酸2-エトキシエチル(沸点156℃)
液A-10:ジメチルスルホキシド(沸点189℃)
液A-11:γ-ブチロラクトン(沸点204℃)(比較例)
液A-12:エチレンカルボナート(沸点244℃)(比較例)
液A-13:1,6-ジアセトキシヘキサン(沸点260℃)(比較例)
液A-14:ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル(沸点175℃)
液A-15:テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール(沸点176℃)
液A-16:3-メトキシ-3-メチルブタノール(沸点174℃)
液A-17:3-メトキシ-1-ブタノール(沸点158℃)
液A-18:1-ブタノール(沸点118℃)
液B-1:エタノール(沸点78℃)
液B-2:イソプロピルアルコール(沸点82℃)
成-1:BYK(登録商標)-349(ビックケミー・ジャパン株式会社製;ポリエーテル変性シロキサン)
成-2:複数のSi-O-Si結合が三次元的に連なるアルコキシシラン縮合物の分散液(アルコキシシラン縮合物のピークトップ分子量700;分散液中のアルコキシシラン縮合物の含有量2wt%;アルコキシシラン縮合物の末端のうち、半数より多くの末端が水酸基である。;添加剤として、アクリル-ウレタン樹脂を含む。)成-2中のアルコキシシラン縮合物を、以下、「成分C-3」と呼ぶことがある。
成-3:シルケスト(登録商標)A-187J(モメンティブ・パフォーマンス・マテリアルズ・ジャパン合同会社製;γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン)
成-4:MKCシリケート(登録商標)MS56S(三菱ケミカル株式会社製;ポリメトキシシロキサン)
実施例1~29および比較例1~8
表1-1、表1-2、表1-3に記載の成分比率となるように無機微粒子、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、水、ならびに、成分C、界面活性剤およびその他の成分等の混合物を攪拌し、無機微粒子分散液を調製した。次いで、上記基材の片面側をマスキングテープでマスキング処理したものを準備した。ここでは基材として基材-1を使用した。
マイクロスピードディップコーターMD-0408-01(株式会社SDI製)を用いて、上記マスキング処理した基材について、調製した無機微粒子分散液を同基材のマスキング処理されていない面側に塗布した。塗布後、マスキングテープを基材より除去し、室温下にて自然乾燥した。得られた基材についてオーブンを用いて空気下/100℃/3分間加熱処理した後にマッフル炉を用いて空気下/700℃/2分間加熱処理することで、基材上に無機微粒子層を形成し、基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体を得た。
表1-4に記載の成分比率となるように、無機微粒子、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、ならびに成分-1からなる混合物を撹拌したところに、成分-4を添加し攪拌することで、無機微粒子分散液を調製した。併せて、上記基材の片面側をマスキングテープでマスキング処理したものを準備した。ここでは基材として基材-2を使用した。
マイクロスピードディップコーターMD-0408-01(株式会社SDI製)を用いて、上記マスキング処理した基材について、調製した無機微粒子分散液を直ちに同基材のマスキング処理されていない面側に塗布した。塗布後、マスキングテープを基材より除去し、室温下にて自然乾燥した。得られた基材についてオーブンを用いて空気下/100℃/3分間加熱処理した後にマッフル炉を用いて空気下/700℃/2分間加熱処理することで、基材上に無機微粒子層を形成し、基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体を得た。結果を表1-4にまとめて示す。
無機微粒子分散液(100.0質量%)の調製を下記のように実施した。(無機微粒子Yの質量)/[(無機微粒子Xの質量)+(無機微粒子Yの質量)]の値が0.75かつシリカ固形分が2.59質量%となるように、粒-1および粒-2のからなる混合物を調製した。得られた粒-1および粒-2のからなる混合物と、液体分散媒A(1.30質量%)、液体分散媒B(71.19質量%)、ならびに成分-1(0.25質量%)を撹拌した。次いで、得られた撹拌物に、成分-4(0.39質量%)と液体分散媒B(7.48質量%)の混合物を添加し攪拌することで、無機微粒子分散液(100.0質量%)を調製した。得られた無機微粒子分散液を用いて、実施例30と同様な手法で基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体を得た。結果を表1-4にまとめて示す。
無機微粒子分散液(100.0質量%)の調製を下記のように実施した。(無機微粒子Yの質量)/[(無機微粒子Xの質量)+(無機微粒子Yの質量)]の値が0.75かつシリカ固形分が2.59質量%となるよう、粒-1および粒-2のからなる混合物を調製した。得られた粒-1および粒-2のからなる混合物と、液体分散媒A(5.18質量%)、液体分散媒B(67.31質量%)、ならびに成分-1(0.25質量%)を混合し、撹拌した。次いで、得られた撹拌物に、成分-4(0.39質量%)と液体分散媒B(7.48質量%)の混合物を添加し攪拌することで、無機微粒子分散液(100.0質量%)を調製した。得られた無機微粒子分散液を用いて、実施例30と同様な手法で基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体を得た。結果を表1-4にまとめて示す。
無機微粒子分散液(100.0質量%)の調製を下記のように実施した。(無機微粒子Yの質量)/[(無機微粒子Xの質量)+(無機微粒子Yの質量)]の値が0.75、かつ得られる無機微粒子分散液を100.0質量%とした際にシリカ固形分が2.59質量%となるよう粒-1および粒-2を秤量し、これらの混合物を調製した。得られた粒-1および粒-2のからなる混合物と、液体分散媒A(10.35質量%)、液体分散媒B(62.14質量%)、ならびに成分-1(0.25質量%)を撹拌した。次いで、得られた撹拌物に、液体分散媒B(7.48質量%)と成分-4(0.39質量%)からなる混合物を添加し攪拌することで、無機微粒子分散液(100.0質量%)を調製した。得られた無機微粒子分散液を用いて、実施例30と同様な手法で基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体を得た。結果を表1-4にまとめて示す。
表1-4に記載の成分比率となるように、無機微粒子、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、ならびに成分-1からなる混合物を撹拌したところに、次いで、成分-4を添加し攪拌することで、無機微粒子分散液を調製した。得られた無機微粒子分散液を用いて、実施例30と同様な手法で基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体を得た。結果を表1-4にまとめて示す。
表1-4に記載の成分比率となるように、無機微粒子、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、ならびに成分-1からなる混合物を撹拌したところに、次いで、成分-4を添加し攪拌することで、無機微粒子分散液を調製した。併せて、上記基材の片面側をマスキングテープでマスキング処理したものを準備した。ここでは基材として基材-2を使用した。
マイクロスピードディップコーターMD-0408-01(株式会社SDI製)を用いて、上記マスキング処理した基材について、調製した無機微粒子分散液を直ちに同基材のマスキング処理されていない面側に塗布した。塗布後、マスキングテープを基材より除去し、室温下にて自然乾燥した。得られた基材についてオーブンを用いて空気下/100℃/3分間加熱処理した後にマッフル炉を用いて空気下/700℃/2分間加熱処理することで、基材上に無機微粒子層を形成し、基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体を得た。結果を表1-4にまとめて示す。
無機微粒子分散液(100.0質量%)の調製を下記のように実施した。(無機微粒子Yの質量)/[(無機微粒子Xの質量)+(無機微粒子Yの質量)]の値が0.75、かつシリカ固形分が2.59質量%となるよう粒-1および粒-2を秤量し、これらの混合物を調製した。得られた粒-1および粒-2のからなる混合物と、液体分散媒A(5.18質量%)、液体分散媒B(67.31質量%)、ならびに成分-1(0.25質量%)を混合し、撹拌した。得られた撹拌物に、液体分散媒B(7.48質量%)、成分-4(0.39質量%)からなる混合物を添加し攪拌することで、無機微粒子分散液(100.0質量%)を調製した。得られた無機微粒子分散液を用いて、実施例30と同様な手法で基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体を得た。結果を表1-4にまとめて示す。
無機微粒子分散液(100.0質量%)の調製を下記のように実施した。(無機微粒子Yの質量)/[(無機微粒子Xの質量)+(無機微粒子Yの質量)]の値が0.75、かつシリカ固形分が2.59重量部となるよう粒-1および粒-2を秤量し、これらの混合物を調製した。得られた粒-1および粒-2のからなる混合物と、液体分散媒A(5.18質量%)ならびに液体分散媒B(67.55質量%)を混合し、撹拌した。得られた撹拌物に、液体分散媒B(7.24質量%)、成分-1(0.25質量%)、ならびに成分-4(0.39質量%)からなる混合物を添加し攪拌することで、無機微粒子分散液(100.0質量%)を調製した。得られた無機微粒子分散液を用いて、実施例30と同様な手法で基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体を得た。結果を表1-4にまとめて示す。
無機微粒子分散液(100.0質量%)の調製を下記のように実施した。(無機微粒子Yの質量)/[(無機微粒子Xの質量)+(無機微粒子Yの質量)]の値が0.75、かつシリカ固形分が2.59質量%となるよう粒-1および粒-2を秤量し、これらの混合物を調製した。得られた粒-1および粒-2のからなる混合物と、液体分散媒A(1.43質量%)ならびに液体分散媒B(29.20質量%)を混合し、撹拌した。得られた撹拌物に、液体分散媒A(3.75質量%)、液体分散媒B(45.59質量%)、成分-1(0.25質量%)、ならびに成分-4(0.39質量%)からなる混合物を添加し攪拌することで、無機微粒子分散液(100.0質量%)を調製した。得られた無機微粒子分散液を用いて、実施例30と同様な手法で基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体を得た。結果を表1-4にまとめて示す。
表1-4および表1-5に記載の成分比率となるように、無機微粒子、液体分散媒A、液体分散媒B、ならびに成分-1からなる混合物を撹拌したところに、成分-4を添加し攪拌することで、無機微粒子分散液を調製した。併せて、上記基材の片面側をマスキングテープでマスキング処理したものを準備した。ここでは基材として基材-2を使用した。
マイクロスピードディップコーターMD-0408-01(株式会社SDI製)を用いて、上記マスキング処理した基材について、調製した無機微粒子分散液を直ちに同基材のマスキング処理されていない面側に塗布した。塗布後、マスキングテープを基材より除去し、室温下にて自然乾燥した。得られた基材についてオーブンを用いて空気下/100℃/3分間加熱処理した後にマッフル炉を用いて空気下/700℃/2分間加熱処理することで、基材上に無機微粒子層を形成し、基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体を得た。結果を表1-4および表1-5にまとめて示す。
[分光透過率]
紫外可視近赤外分光光度計UV-3150(株式会社島津製作所製)を用いて、基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体の全光線透過率を測定した。その後、得られた全光線透過率スペクトルから、波長380nm以上1100nm以下の領域における全光線透過率の値を読み取り、平均値を算出した。
得られた積層体は未塗工基材に対して分光透過率の増加が観測された。分光透過率の
増加量を下記式のように定義した。
[分光透過率の増加量(%)]
=[積層体の分光透過率(%)]-[未塗工基材の分光透過率(%)]
セロテープ(登録商標)LP-24(ニチバン株式会社製)を、基材及び無機微粒子層からなる積層体の、無機微粒子層が存在する面に貼り付け、これを剥離した。このとき、無機微粒子層が存在していた面にセロテープの糊成分が移っていれば、無機微粒子層の基材への密着は極めて強いものといえ、その場合の評価を「◎」と表記した。また、無機微粒子層が存在していた面にセロテープの糊成分が移っていない場合であり、かつ、基材に光線を照射して無機微粒子層特有の反射が生じない場合は、無機微粒子がセロテープに移っており、無機微粒子層の基材への密着は弱いものといえ、その場合の評価を「×」と表記した。さらに、無機微粒子層が存在していた面にセロテープの糊成分が移っていない場合であり、かつ、無機微粒子層特有の反射が生じる場合は、無機微粒子層は基材に密着しているが、「◎」の場合ほど密着が強くないものといえ、その場合の評価を「〇」とした。
オーブン中、空気下/40℃にて、実施例及び比較例における無機微粒子分散液を28日保管し、無機微粒子分散液の保管安定性を確認した。その結果、液状のままであれば、保管安定性は良好であるものといえ、その場合の評価を「〇」とした。また、ゲル化していれば、保管安定性は不良であるものといえ、その場合の評価を「×」とした。表1-1、表1-2、表1-3、表1-4、および表1-5に記載の実施例1乃至48(及び比較例1乃至7)においては、保管安定性はすべて「〇」であった。
本発明によればまた、高光線透過率及び高塗膜強度(塗膜の基材への高い密着性)を有する積層体を提供できる。さらに本発明の塗膜は、塗膜に含まれるシリカ上のシラノール基により、塗膜表面の親水性が高く、水や雨とともに汚れを洗い流す防汚性能も併せ持つ。これらの塗膜は、反射防止膜、防汚膜、防曇膜などとして利用することができ、太陽電池の保護ガラスの表面(太陽電池カバーガラス)の反射防止膜および防汚膜、ディスプレイ用反射防止膜、農業用フィルム(ビニールハウス)の防曇膜などの多種多様な膜やフィルムをはじめとする、各種住宅設備機器部品、各種農業部品、各種工業部品、各種建材部品、家電機器の各種部品、各種自動車内外装部品などの用途に好適に用いられ、建築建設産業、輸送機械産業、電気電子産業、家庭用品等の産業の各分野において高い利用可能性を有する。
Claims (15)
- 無機微粒子と、
沸点が100℃以上190℃未満である液体分散媒A(ただし、水を除く)と、
沸点が100℃未満である液体分散媒Bと、
を含む無機微粒子分散液であって、
無機微粒子分散液の全量を100質量%として、液体分散媒Aの含有率が0.5質量%以上15質量%未満である、無機微粒子分散液。 - 液体分散媒Bの含有率が、無機微粒子分散液の全量を100質量%として、20質量%以上85質量%以下である、請求項1に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
- 液体分散媒Bがアルコールである、請求項1または2に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
- 無機微粒子分散液がさらに水を含む、請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
- 水の含有率が、無機微粒子分散液の全量を100質量%として、5質量%以上55質量%以下である、請求項4に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
- 無機微粒子分散液がさらにアルコキシシランおよび/またはその縮合物を含む、請求項1ないし5のいずれか一項に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
- 無機微粒子分散液がさらにアルコキシシラン、複数のSi-O-Si結合が直線的に連なるアルコキシシラン縮合物および複数のSi-O-Si結合が三次元的に連なるアルコキシシラン縮合物からなる群より選ばれる一種以上を含む、請求項1ないし5のいずれか一項に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
- 液体分散媒Aがアルコールである、請求項1ないし7のいずれか一項に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
- 無機微粒子分散液がさらに界面活性剤を含む、請求項1ないし8のいずれか一項に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
- 無機微粒子分散液がさらにポリエーテル変性シロキサンからなる界面活性剤を含む、請求項1ないし8のいずれか一項に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
- 無機微粒子がコロイダルシリカである、請求項1ないし10のいずれか一項に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
- 無機微粒子の含有率が、無機微粒子分散液の全量を100質量%として、0.1質量%以上10質量%以下である、請求項1ないし11のいずれか一項に記載の無機微粒子分散液。
- 請求項1ないし12のいずれか一項に記載の無機微粒子分散液を基材に塗布する工程(塗布工程);及び、
基材に塗布された前記無機微粒子分散液から液体分散媒A及び液体分散媒Bを除去して基材上に無機微粒子層を形成する工程(分散媒除去工程)
を含む、積層体の製造方法。 - 分散媒除去工程後に、さらに熱処理工程を含む、請求項13に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 請求項13または14に記載の方法により得られた、基材と無機微粒子層とを含む積層体。
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WO2020241745A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-12-03 | 出光興産株式会社 | コーティング液、硬化膜及び該硬化膜を備えた積層体、並びに該積層体を備えた照明部品、ディスプレイ、レンズ、太陽電池用部品、反射防止フィルム、照明カバー、及び照明器具 |
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JP2006327187A (ja) | 2005-04-26 | 2006-12-07 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 反射防止積層体の製造方法 |
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