WO2022209894A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質および非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents

非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質および非水電解質二次電池 Download PDF

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WO2022209894A1
WO2022209894A1 PCT/JP2022/011852 JP2022011852W WO2022209894A1 WO 2022209894 A1 WO2022209894 A1 WO 2022209894A1 JP 2022011852 W JP2022011852 W JP 2022011852W WO 2022209894 A1 WO2022209894 A1 WO 2022209894A1
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positive electrode
active material
electrode active
composite oxide
aqueous electrolyte
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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尚也 藤谷
良憲 青木
勝哉 井之上
毅 小笠原
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Priority to US18/282,606 priority Critical patent/US20240186503A1/en
Priority to EP22780114.9A priority patent/EP4318664A4/en
Priority to CN202280023447.3A priority patent/CN117043990A/zh
Priority to JP2023510910A priority patent/JP7825181B2/ja
Publication of WO2022209894A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022209894A1/ja
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    • C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
    • C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
    • C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
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    • C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/80—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
    • C01G53/82—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
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    • C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
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    • C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
    • C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
    • C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
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    • C01P2006/12—Surface area
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    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
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    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the active material.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a positive electrode in which an alkaline earth metal and W are present on the surface of secondary particles of a lithium-transition metal composite oxide containing one or more selected from Mn, Ni, and Co as a transition metal element. Active materials are disclosed.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a positive electrode active material containing one or more selected from Mn, Ni, and Co as a transition metal element, and further containing a lithium-transition metal composite oxide in which Ca and W are solid-dissolved. ing.
  • Lithium-transition metal composite oxides with a high Ni content are known as high-capacity positive electrode active materials. There is a problem that the material deteriorates and the capacity decreases.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to suppress the capacity decrease due to charging and discharging and improve cycle characteristics in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a positive electrode active material with a high Ni content.
  • a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure has a layered structure and contains 75 mol% or more of Ni with respect to the total molar amount of elements excluding Li and O.
  • Lithium transition metal composite oxide and the lithium -transition metal composite oxide is a secondary particle formed by agglomeration of primary particles. , 1 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 5, 4 ⁇ z ⁇ 9, A is at least one selected from Ca and Sr, B is selected from W, Mo, Ti, Si, Nb, and Zr At least one compound represented by ) is fixed.
  • a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
  • the positive electrode active material according to the present disclosure it is possible to improve the cycle characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure has a small decrease in capacity due to charging and discharging, and is excellent in cycle characteristics.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is an example of an embodiment
  • the present inventors fixed the A x B y O z compound to the interface between the primary particles inside the secondary particles of the composite oxide in a high-capacity lithium-transition metal composite oxide with a high Ni content. As a result, the inventors have found that it is possible to effectively suppress the decrease in capacity that accompanies charging and discharging of the battery. Lithium - transition metal composite oxides with a high Ni content have an unstable surface layer structure and are easily eroded, as described above. It is believed that the surface is effectively protected and such erosion is inhibited.
  • the AxByOz compound may exist on the surface of the secondary particles, but as in Comparative Example 5 described later, the AxByOz compound exists only on the surface of the secondary particles, and the two If it does not exist on the surface of the primary particles inside the secondary particles, the effect of improving cycle characteristics cannot be obtained. In addition, only one of the elements A and B cannot effectively protect the surfaces of the primary particles inside the secondary particles, and the effect of improving the cycle characteristics cannot be obtained. That is, only when the A x B y O z compound is present at the interface between the primary particles inside the secondary particles, the decrease in capacity due to charging and discharging is specifically suppressed, and the cycle characteristics are improved.
  • a cylindrical battery in which the wound electrode body 14 is housed in a bottomed cylindrical outer can 16 will be exemplified. It may be a prismatic battery), a coin-shaped outer can (coin-shaped battery), or an outer body (laminate battery) composed of a laminate sheet including a metal layer and a resin layer. Further, the electrode assembly is not limited to the wound type, and may be a laminated electrode assembly in which a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are alternately laminated with separators interposed therebetween.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 that is an example of an embodiment.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 includes a wound electrode body 14, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and an outer can 16 that accommodates the electrode body 14 and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
  • the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, and a separator 13, and has a wound structure in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are spirally wound with the separator 13 interposed therebetween.
  • the outer can 16 is a bottomed cylindrical metal container that is open on one side in the axial direction. In the following description, for convenience of explanation, the side of the sealing member 17 of the battery will be referred to as the upper side, and the bottom side of the outer can 16 will be referred to as the lower side.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
  • non-aqueous solvents include esters, ethers, nitriles, amides, and mixed solvents of two or more thereof.
  • the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product obtained by substituting at least part of the hydrogen atoms of these solvents with halogen atoms such as fluorine.
  • non-aqueous solvents include ethylene carbonate (EC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), mixed solvents thereof, and the like.
  • a lithium salt such as LiPF 6 is used as the electrolyte salt.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte is not limited to a liquid electrolyte, and may be a solid electrolyte.
  • the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13, which constitute the electrode assembly 14, are all strip-shaped elongated bodies, and are alternately laminated in the radial direction of the electrode assembly 14 by being spirally wound.
  • the negative electrode 12 is formed with a size one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11 in order to prevent deposition of lithium. That is, the negative electrode 12 is formed longer than the positive electrode 11 in the longitudinal direction and the width direction (transverse direction).
  • the separator 13 is at least one size larger than the positive electrode 11, and two separators 13 are arranged so as to sandwich the positive electrode 11, for example.
  • the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode lead 20 connected to the positive electrode 11 by welding or the like, and a negative electrode lead 21 connected to the negative electrode 12 by welding or the like.
  • Insulating plates 18 and 19 are arranged above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
  • the positive electrode lead 20 extends through the through hole of the insulating plate 18 toward the sealing member 17
  • the negative electrode lead 21 extends through the outside of the insulating plate 19 toward the bottom of the outer can 16 .
  • the positive electrode lead 20 is connected to the lower surface of the internal terminal plate 23 of the sealing body 17 by welding or the like, and the cap 27, which is the top plate of the sealing body 17 electrically connected to the internal terminal plate 23, serves as the positive electrode terminal.
  • the negative electrode lead 21 is connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the outer can 16 by welding or the like, and the outer can 16 serves as a negative electrode terminal.
  • a gasket 28 is provided between the outer can 16 and the sealing body 17 to ensure hermeticity inside the battery.
  • the outer can 16 is formed with a grooved portion 22 that supports the sealing member 17 and has a portion of the side surface projecting inward.
  • the grooved portion 22 is preferably annularly formed along the circumferential direction of the outer can 16 and supports the sealing member 17 on its upper surface.
  • the sealing member 17 is fixed to the upper portion of the outer can 16 by the grooved portion 22 and the open end of the outer can 16 that is crimped to the sealing member 17 .
  • the sealing body 17 has a structure in which an internal terminal plate 23, a lower valve body 24, an insulating member 25, an upper valve body 26, and a cap 27 are layered in order from the electrode body 14 side.
  • Each member constituting the sealing member 17 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member except for the insulating member 25 is electrically connected to each other.
  • the lower valve body 24 and the upper valve body 26 are connected at their central portions, and an insulating member 25 is interposed between their peripheral edge portions.
  • the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 that make up the electrode body 14 will be described in detail below, particularly the positive electrode active material that makes up the positive electrode 11.
  • the positive electrode 11 includes a positive electrode core 30 and a positive electrode mixture layer 31 provided on the surface of the positive electrode core 30 .
  • a foil of a metal such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy that is stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 11, a film having the metal on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
  • the positive electrode mixture layer 31 contains a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive agent, and is preferably provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode core 30 .
  • the positive electrode 11 can be produced, for example, by applying slurry of a positive electrode mixture onto the positive electrode core 30 , drying the coating film, and then compressing it to form the positive electrode mixture layers 31 on both sides of the positive electrode core 30 . .
  • binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 examples include fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide, acrylic resins, and polyolefins. These resins may be used in combination with cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or salts thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO), and the like.
  • the content of the binder is, for example, 0.5 to 2 mass % with respect to the mass of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 .
  • Examples of the conductive agent contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 include carbon materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, graphite, and carbon nanotubes.
  • the content of the conductive agent is, for example, 0.5 to 10 mass % with respect to the mass of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 .
  • the positive electrode active material contains a lithium transition metal composite oxide containing 75 mol% or more of Ni with respect to the total molar amount of elements excluding Li and O.
  • the lithium-transition metal composite oxide has a layered crystal structure. Specific examples include a layered structure belonging to the space group R-3m or a layered structure belonging to the space group C2/m.
  • the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is a secondary particle formed by agglomeration of a plurality of primary particles.
  • the particle size of the primary particles is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m. The particle size of primary particles is measured as the diameter of the circumscribed circle in a particle image observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  • the positive electrode active material contains a composite oxide (Z) as a main component.
  • the main component means the component with the highest mass ratio among the constituent components of the positive electrode active material.
  • a composite oxide other than the composite oxide (Z) may be used in combination as the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture layer 31, but the content of the composite oxide (Z) is preferably 50% by mass or more. Preferably, it may be substantially 100% by mass.
  • the volume-based median diameter (D50) of the composite oxide (Z) is, for example, 3 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m. Since the composite oxide (Z) is secondary particles formed by agglomeration of primary particles, the D50 of the composite oxide (Z) means the D50 of the secondary particles. D50 means a particle size at which the cumulative frequency is 50% from the smaller particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution, and is also called median diameter.
  • the particle size distribution of the composite oxide (Z) can be measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (eg MT3000II manufactured by Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd.) using water as a dispersion medium.
  • the BET specific surface area of the composite oxide (Z) is preferably 0.5-3.5 m 2 /g. If the BET specific surface area is within this range, the cycle characteristics can be improved without reducing the discharge capacity. If the BET specific surface area is smaller than this range, the reaction area decreases, which may result in a decrease in discharge capacity. On the other hand, when the BET specific surface area is larger than the above range, the surface cannot be sufficiently coated with the AxByOz compound alone , so that the effect of improving the cycle characteristics is reduced.
  • the BET specific surface area is measured according to the BET method (nitrogen adsorption method) described in JIS R1626.
  • the composite oxide (Z) contains 75 mol% Ni with respect to the total number of moles of the elements excluding Li and O.
  • a high energy density battery can be obtained by setting the Ni content to 75 mol % or more.
  • the upper limit of the Ni content is preferably 95 mol%. When the Ni content exceeds 95 mol %, it becomes difficult to ensure the stability of the layered structure of the composite oxide (Z), and cycle characteristics may deteriorate.
  • An example of a suitable Ni content range is 80-95 mol %, or 85-95 mol %.
  • Elements contained in the composite oxide (Z) include Li, O, Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr , Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sc, Ti, Si, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ru, Rh, Re , Pd, Ir, Ag, Bi, Sb, B, Ga, In, P, Zr, Hf, Nb, Mo, W, and the like.
  • the content of element M is preferably 5 to 25 mol % with respect to the total molar amount of elements excluding Li and O.
  • the a which indicates the ratio of Li in the composite oxide (Z), more preferably satisfies 0.95 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.05, and particularly preferably satisfies 0.97 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.03.
  • a is less than 0.95, the capacity may be lower than when a satisfies the above range.
  • a 1.05 or more, a larger amount of Li compound is added than when a satisfies the above range, which may not be economical from the viewpoint of production cost.
  • Co since Co is expensive, it is preferable to reduce the Co content in consideration of manufacturing costs.
  • Al When Al is contained in the composite oxide (Z), e, which indicates the proportion of Al, more preferably satisfies 0.02 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.07. Since Al does not change its oxidation number during charging and discharging, it is considered that the structure of the transition metal layer is stabilized by being contained in the transition metal layer. On the other hand, if the Al content is too high, it leads to a decrease in capacity. Al, for example, may be uniformly dispersed in the layered structure of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide, or may be partially present in the layered structure.
  • a x B y O z (wherein 1 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 5, 4 ⁇ z ⁇ 9 , A is at least one selected from Ca and Sr, and B is at least one selected from W, Mo, Ti, Si, Nb, and Zr) (hereinafter, “A x B y O z compound”) is adhered.
  • a x B y O z compound is present on the surface of the primary particles inside the secondary particles of the composite oxide (Z), corrosion and deterioration of the composite oxide (Z) are effectively suppressed, and the battery cycle characteristics are specifically improved.
  • the presence of the A x B y O z compound can be confirmed by measuring the cross section of the secondary particles using TEM-EDX (transmission microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy).
  • the A x B y O z compound may, for example, be scattered on the surface of the primary particles, or may be present in a layer so as to widely cover the surface of the primary particles.
  • the AxByOz compound may further exist on the surface of the secondary particles of the composite oxide ( Z ). That is, the A x B y O z compound is widely present on the surface of the primary particles inside and on the surface of the secondary particles.
  • the secondary particles of the composite oxide (Z) are formed, for example, by aggregating five or more primary particles, and the surface area of the primary particles is larger inside than on the surface of the secondary particles.
  • the A x B y O z compound is contained more inside than on the surface of the secondary particles.
  • AxByOz compounds include CaWO4 , CaMoO3 , CaMoO4 , CaTiO3 , Ca2TiO4 , CaSiO3 , Ca2SiO4 , CaNbO3 , CaNb2O6 , CaZrO3 , CaZr . 4O9 , SrWO4 , SrMoO3 , SrMoO4 , SrTiO3 , Sr2TiO4 , SrSiO3 , Sr2SiO4 , SrNbO3 , SrNb2O6 , SrZrO3 , SrZr4O9 .
  • the content of the element A in the AxByOz compound is 3 mol% or less with respect to the total molar amount of the elements excluding Li and O in the composite oxide ( Z ) and the AxByOz compound .
  • cycle characteristics can be efficiently improved without problems such as increased resistance.
  • the content of the element B in the AxByOz compound is 3 mol with respect to the total molar amount of the elements excluding Li and O in the composite oxide ( Z ) and the AxByOz compound . % or less.
  • the content of the elements A and B in the AxByOz compound is, for example, 0.1 mol % or more. Part of the elements A and B added to form the A x B y O z compound may be dissolved in the composite oxide (Z).
  • the manufacturing process of the composite oxide (Z) includes, for example, a first step of obtaining a composite oxide containing Ni or the like, a second step of mixing the composite oxide and a lithium compound to obtain a mixture, A third step of baking the mixture and a fourth step of washing the baked product with water and drying by heating are included.
  • a x B y O z compound is obtained by adding a compound containing element A and a compound containing element B during the manufacturing process of composite oxide (Z), thereby forming a secondary It can be adhered to the interface between primary particles in the interior of the particles.
  • a compound containing element B is added in the second step or the fourth step.
  • a compound containing element A may likewise be added in the fourth step, but is preferably added in the second step.
  • an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide is added dropwise to adjust the pH to the alkaline side (eg, 8.5 to 12.5).
  • a composite hydroxide containing Ni and the element M is precipitated (coprecipitated).
  • the firing temperature is not particularly limited, it is 300°C to 600°C as an example.
  • the composite oxide obtained in the first step a lithium compound, a compound containing element A, and a compound containing element B are mixed.
  • a compound containing element B may be added in the fourth step, as described above.
  • lithium compounds include Li2CO3 , LiOH , Li2O2 , Li2O , LiNO3 , LiNO2 , Li2SO4 , LiOH.H2O , LiH, and LiF.
  • the composite oxide and the lithium compound are preferably mixed at a molar ratio of 1:0.98 to 1:1.12 between the total amount of Ni and the element M and Li.
  • Examples of compounds containing element A include Ca(OH) 2 , CaO, CaCO 3 , CaSO 4 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , Sr(OH) 2 , Sr(OH) 2.8H 2 O , Sr( OH) 2.H 2 O, SrO, SrCO 3 , SrSO 4 , Sr(NO 3 ) 2 and the like. good. Further, these compounds may be pulverized to a particle size of 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m. Compounds containing element B also include hydroxides, oxides, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates, etc. of element B, but in order to reduce the amount of water generated during firing, they are dried and dehydrated. It can be used after Further, these compounds may be pulverized to a particle size of 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the compound containing the complex oxide and the element A can be mixed at a ratio such that the molar ratio of the total amount of Ni and the element M to the element A is 1:0.0005 to 1:0.03. preferable.
  • a suitable mixing ratio with the composite oxide is the same for the compound containing the element B.
  • Elements A and B are also preferably mixed according to the stoichiometric ratio of the A x B y O z compound described in paragraph 0036.
  • the firing step of the mixture in the third step includes, for example, a first firing step of firing at 450 ° C. to 680 ° C. under an oxygen stream, and a fired product obtained by the first firing step under an oxygen stream at a temperature exceeding 680 ° C. It is a multi-stage firing process including at least a second firing process of firing at a temperature.
  • the temperature is raised to a first set temperature of 680° C. or lower at a first temperature elevation rate of 0.2° C./min to 5.5° C./min.
  • the second firing step the temperature is raised to a second set temperature of 900° C. or less at a second temperature increase rate of 0.1° C./min to 3.5° C./min and slower than the first temperature increase rate. .
  • a plurality of the first and second heating rates may be set for each predetermined temperature range within the above range.
  • the retention time of the first set temperature in the first firing step is preferably 5 hours or less, more preferably 3 hours or less.
  • the holding time of the first set temperature is the time for maintaining the first set temperature after reaching the first set temperature, and the holding time may be zero.
  • the holding time of the second set temperature in the second firing step is preferably 1 hour to 10 hours, more preferably 1 hour to 5 hours.
  • the holding time of the second set temperature is the time for maintaining the second set temperature after reaching the second set temperature. Firing of the mixture is performed, for example, in an oxygen stream with an oxygen concentration of 60% or more, and the flow rate of the oxygen stream is 0.2 mL/min to 4 mL/min per 10 cm 3 of the firing furnace and 0.3 L/min or more per 1 kg of the mixture. and
  • the baked product obtained in the third step is washed with water to remove impurities, and the washed baked product is dried by heating. If necessary, the fired product is pulverized, classified, etc., and the D50 of the positive electrode active material is adjusted to the desired range. If the compound containing the element B is not added in the second step, for example, the compound containing the element B is added to and mixed with the water-washed baked product. Drying of the baked product after washing with water may be performed at a temperature of less than 100°C, but when adding a compound containing element B in the fourth step, a mixture of the compound containing element B and the baked product is , preferably at a temperature of 100° C. or higher. An example of a suitable temperature range in this case is 150°C to 250°C. Drying may be performed under vacuum or in the atmosphere. An example of the drying treatment time is 1 hour to 5 hours.
  • the A x B y O z compound In order to fix the A x B y O z compound to the interface between the primary particles inside the secondary particles of the composite oxide (Z), a compound containing the element A and a compound containing the element B must be added respectively. That is, even if a compound containing both elements A and B is used, the AxByOz compound cannot exist on the surface of the primary particles inside the secondary particles.
  • the A x B y O z compound is considered to be produced by melting the element A and incorporating the element B, and in the presence of the compound containing the element A and the compound containing the element B, The A x B y O z compound cannot exist on the surfaces of the primary particles inside the secondary particles unless the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of .
  • the negative electrode 12 includes a negative electrode core 40 and a negative electrode mixture layer 41 provided on the surface of the negative electrode core 40 .
  • a foil of a metal such as copper or a copper alloy that is stable in the potential range of the negative electrode 12, a film having the metal on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
  • the negative electrode mixture layer 41 contains a negative electrode active material and a binder, and is preferably provided on both surfaces of the negative electrode core 40 .
  • a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, and the like is applied to the surface of the negative electrode core 40, the coating film is dried, and then the negative electrode mixture layer 41 is compressed to form the negative electrode core. It can be made by forming on both sides of the body 40 .
  • the negative electrode mixture layer 41 may contain the same conductive agent as in the case of the positive electrode 11 .
  • the negative electrode mixture layer 41 contains, as a negative electrode active material, for example, a carbon material that reversibly absorbs and releases lithium ions.
  • a carbon material that reversibly absorbs and releases lithium ions.
  • a suitable example of the carbon material is natural graphite such as flake graphite, massive graphite, and earthy graphite, artificial graphite such as massive artificial graphite (MAG), and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB).
  • an active material containing at least one of an element that alloys with Li, such as Si and Sn, and a compound containing the element may be used.
  • a preferred example of the active material is a silicon material in which Si fine particles are dispersed in a silicon oxide phase or a silicate phase such as lithium silicate.
  • a carbon material such as graphite and a silicon material are used together.
  • the binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 41 fluororesin, PAN, polyimide, acrylic resin, polyolefin, etc. can be used as in the case of the positive electrode 11, but styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is used. is preferred.
  • the negative electrode mixture layer 41 preferably further contains CMC or its salt, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or its salt, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or the like. Among them, it is preferable to use SBR together with CMC or its salt or PAA or its salt.
  • the negative electrode mixture layer 41 may contain a conductive agent.
  • a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulation is used for the separator 13 .
  • porous sheets include microporous thin films, woven fabrics, and non-woven fabrics.
  • Suitable materials for the separator 13 include polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin, and cellulose.
  • the separator 13 may have either a single layer structure or a laminated structure.
  • a heat-resistant layer containing inorganic particles, a heat-resistant layer made of a highly heat-resistant resin such as aramid resin, polyimide, polyamideimide, or the like may be formed on the surface of the separator 13 .
  • the positive electrode active material, acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride are mixed at a mass ratio of 91:7:2, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is used as a dispersion medium to prepare a positive electrode mixture slurry.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the positive electrode material mixture slurry is applied onto a positive electrode core made of aluminum foil, the coating film is dried and compressed, and then the positive electrode core is cut into a predetermined electrode size.
  • a positive electrode having an agent layer formed thereon was obtained.
  • an exposed portion where the surface of the positive electrode core was exposed was provided on a part of the positive electrode.
  • Ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were mixed in a volume ratio of 3:3:4 (25° C.).
  • a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving LiPF 6 in the mixed solvent so as to have a concentration of 1.2 mol/liter.
  • test cell An aluminum lead is attached to the exposed portion of the positive electrode, and a nickel lead is attached to the lithium metal foil as the negative electrode, respectively. A wound electrode body was produced. This electrode assembly was housed in an exterior made of an aluminum laminate sheet, and after the non-aqueous electrolyte was injected thereinto, the opening of the exterior was sealed to obtain a test cell Al.
  • Example 2 A test cell A2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that strontium hydroxide and titanium hydroxide were added instead of calcium hydroxide, molybdenum oxide and tungsten oxide in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
  • Example 3 In the synthesis of the positive electrode active material, a composite hydroxide represented by [Ni 0.86 Mn 0.14 ](OH) 2 is used, and a composite oxide obtained by firing the composite hydroxide, Lithium, calcium hydroxide, and tungsten oxide were added so that the molar ratio of Li, the sum of Ni and Mn, Ca, and W was 1.03:1.00:0.005:0.005. mixed into The mixture is heated from room temperature to 650° C. at a heating rate of 3.0° C./min under an oxygen stream with an oxygen concentration of 95% (flow rate of 2 mL/min per 10 cm 3 and 5 L/min per 1 kg of the mixture) and fired. After that, the temperature was raised to 780° C.
  • a composite hydroxide represented by [Ni 0.86 Mn 0.14 ](OH) 2 is used, and a composite oxide obtained by firing the composite hydroxide, Lithium, calcium hydroxide, and tungsten oxide were added so that the molar ratio of Li, the sum
  • a test cell A3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the baked product was washed with water to remove impurities, and vacuum-dried at 200° C. for 2 hours to obtain a positive electrode active material.
  • Example 4 A test cell A4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 3, except that zirconium oxide was added instead of tungsten oxide in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
  • Example 5 In the synthesis of the positive electrode active material, a composite hydroxide represented by [Ni 0.91 Mn 0.09 ](OH) 2 is used, and a composite oxide obtained by baking the composite hydroxide, and a hydroxide The molar ratio of lithium, strontium hydroxide, and titanium hydroxide to Li, the total amount of Ni and Mn, Sr, and Ti is 1.05:1.00:0.025:0.025.
  • a test cell A5 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the mixture was mixed as follows.
  • Example 6 A test cell A6 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that calcium hydroxide and molybdenum oxide were added instead of strontium hydroxide and titanium hydroxide in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
  • Example 7 A test cell A7 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that calcium hydroxide was added instead of strontium hydroxide in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
  • Example 8 A test cell A8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 5, except that calcium hydroxide and tungsten oxide were added instead of strontium hydroxide and titanium hydroxide in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
  • Example 9 A composite hydroxide represented by [Ni 0.9 Co 0.05 Al 0.05 ](OH) 2 obtained by the coprecipitation method was fired at 500° C. for 8 hours to obtain a composite oxide.
  • the composite oxide, lithium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide were added so that the molar ratio of Li, the total amount of Ni, Co, and Al, and Ca was 1.03:1.00:0.005.
  • mixed into The mixture is heated from room temperature to 650° C. at a heating rate of 3.0° C./min under an oxygen stream with an oxygen concentration of 95% (flow rate of 2 mL/min per 10 cm 3 and 5 L/min per 1 kg of the mixture) and fired. After that, the temperature was raised to 730° C.
  • a test cell A9 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the positive electrode active material was used for the positive electrode.
  • Example 10 In the synthesis of the positive electrode active material, a composite hydroxide represented by [Ni 0.93 Mn 0.07 ](OH) 2 is used, and a composite oxide obtained by baking the composite hydroxide, and a hydroxide Lithium, strontium hydroxide, and molybdenum oxide were added so that the molar ratio of Li, the sum of Ni and Mn, Sr, and Mo was 1.05:1.00:0.005:0.005.
  • a test cell A10 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the mixture was mixed in.
  • Example 11 A test cell A11 was produced in the same manner as in Example 10, except that calcium hydroxide and zirconium oxide were added instead of strontium hydroxide and molybdenum oxide in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
  • test cell B1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that calcium hydroxide, molybdenum oxide, and tungsten oxide were not added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
  • test cell B2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that calcium hydroxide and tungsten oxide were not added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
  • test cell B3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that strontium hydroxide and titanium hydroxide were not added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
  • test cell B4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 9, except that strontium hydroxide and molybdenum oxide were not added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
  • test cell B6 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that calcium hydroxide was not added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
  • Example 7 A test cell B7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 9, except that molybdenum oxide was not added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
  • Capacity retention rate (%) (discharge capacity at 30th cycle/discharge capacity at 1st cycle) x 100 ⁇ Cycle test>
  • Test cells A1 to 4, B1, 2, 5, and 6 are charged at a constant current of 0.2 It in a temperature environment of 25° C. until the battery voltage reaches 4.4 V, and the current value is 4.4 V. Constant voltage charging was performed until the voltage reached 1/100 It.
  • Test cells A5-9, B3, 4, and 7 were charged at a constant current of 0.2 It until the battery voltage reached 4.3 V, and then charged at a constant current of 4.3 V until the current reached 1/100 It.
  • Test cells A1 to 4, B1, 2, 5, and 6 were performed in the same manner, except that voltage charging was performed.
  • Tables 1 to 4 show the calculated capacity retention rates. Note that the capacity retention rate shown in Table 1 is a relative value when the capacity retention rate of the test cell B1 of Comparative Example 1 is set to 100.
  • the capacity retention rates shown in Table 2 are relative values when the capacity retention rate of the test cell B2 of Comparative Example 2 is set to 100.
  • the capacity retention rate shown in Table 3 is a relative value when the capacity retention rate of the test cell B3 of Comparative Example 3 is set to 100.
  • the capacity retention rate shown in Table 4 is a relative value when the capacity retention rate of the test cell B4 of Comparative Example 4 is set to 100.

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EP4593113A4 (en) * 2022-12-01 2025-11-19 Contemporary Amperex Technology Hong Kong Ltd POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL, ITS PREPARATION PROCESS, AND SECONDARY BATTERY AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE INCLUDING IT

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EP4593113A4 (en) * 2022-12-01 2025-11-19 Contemporary Amperex Technology Hong Kong Ltd POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL, ITS PREPARATION PROCESS, AND SECONDARY BATTERY AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE INCLUDING IT

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