WO2022207159A1 - Surveillance de l'opérabilité d'un commutateur haute tension - Google Patents

Surveillance de l'opérabilité d'un commutateur haute tension Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022207159A1
WO2022207159A1 PCT/EP2022/052416 EP2022052416W WO2022207159A1 WO 2022207159 A1 WO2022207159 A1 WO 2022207159A1 EP 2022052416 W EP2022052416 W EP 2022052416W WO 2022207159 A1 WO2022207159 A1 WO 2022207159A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
voltage switch
secondary component
switch
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/052416
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Uwe Hering
Stefan Lecheler
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2022207159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022207159A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
    • G01R31/3272—Apparatus, systems or circuits therefor
    • G01R31/3274—Details related to measuring, e.g. sensing, displaying or computing; Measuring of variables related to the contact pieces, e.g. wear, position or resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring the functionality of a high-voltage switch and a high-voltage switch.
  • High voltage switch such.
  • Circuit breakers or load-break switches have the task of switching a primary circuit, also referred to as the main circuit or load circuit, where at high voltage the voltage range greater than 1000 V is understood.
  • the opening and closing of the switching contacts in the primary circuit is done using a switch drive, the z. B. can be designed as a spring-loaded, magnetic, compressed air or electric motor drive.
  • this object is achieved by the method according to independent claim 1 . According to the invention, this object is also achieved by the high-voltage switch according to independent claim 8 .
  • Advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. The method according to the invention can also be further developed in accordance with the dependent device claims, and vice versa.
  • the method according to the invention serves to monitor the functionality of a high-voltage switch during its operation.
  • the high-voltage switch can, for. B. be a Leis circuit breaker or a switch disconnector.
  • the high-voltage switch can be designed as a vacuum circuit breaker in which a vacuum interrupter forms the switching contact in the primary circuit of the circuit breaker.
  • circuit breakers can also be equipped with other contact systems in the primary circuit, e.g. B. with oil or gas-filled (e.g. SF ⁇ ) interrupters.
  • the electrical components of the high-voltage switch located in a primary circuit of the high-voltage switch are referred to as the primary components of the high-voltage switch.
  • the remaining electrical components of the High-voltage switches are referred to as secondary components of the high-voltage switch.
  • the method includes a step in which a voltage and/or a current is applied to at least one secondary component.
  • the application of a current is understood here as applying a current surge to the secondary component.
  • the level of the voltage or the strength of the current is selected in such a way that a current flowing through the secondary component does not result in the secondary component being actuated; a current flowing through the application in the secondary circuit is therefore weaker than is necessary for actuating the secondary components.
  • This restriction only has a meaning for active, i.e.
  • the method has a further step in which at least one characteristic of the secondary component that is dependent on the voltage and/or the current is determined at two different points in time.
  • the at least one characteristic of the secondary component can be determined cyclically, preferably with a period in the range of less than 1 s
  • the at least one parameter of the secondary component can be determined after a switching operation of the high-voltage switch, preferably by multiple measurements with an averaging. This has the advantage that a spontaneous change such as a wire break or a loose connector, which was caused by a shock caused by the switching operation, can be detected shortly after it occurs.
  • the determination of the parameter can have at least one measuring step in which a measured value of a measured variable dependent on the applied voltage or current is determined, and at least one computing step.
  • the measured variable dependent on the applied voltage or current can be a physical-electrical variable such as a current or be a tension.
  • the measuring step can be a detection of a current profile of the current I driven by the voltage U.
  • an impressed current I a current surge
  • the measuring step can be a detection of a voltage profile.
  • the applied voltage or the impressed current can have a pulsed form of at least one pulse. Voltage forms can be used with which capacitance measuring devices work, e.g. B.
  • the parameter of the secondary component preferably results from the size of the applied voltage or current and the determined measured value; e.g. B.
  • the parameter of the secondary component can be the ohmic resistance R of the secondary component, which, according to Ohm’s law, results from the voltage U applied to the secondary component and the measured current I flowing through the secondary component due to the applied voltage U, and /or an inductance of the secondary component and/or a capacitance of the secondary component.
  • the method has a further step in which an aging condition of the secondary component is derived from a time profile of the parameter.
  • the term "aging" means any change in the properties of the secondary component, regardless of the cause, e.g. ambient temperature, oxidation, vibration, radiation (UV, radioactive), biological and/or chemical effects, etc.
  • the electrical components of the high-voltage switch located in the primary circuit of the high-voltage switch are referred to as primary components of the high-voltage switch and the remaining electrical components of the high-voltage switch are referred to as secondary components of the high-voltage switch.
  • the high-voltage switch has a computing and control unit for providing a voltage and/or a current that is dimensioned in such a way that it does not lead to activation of one of the secondary components.
  • the arithmetic and control unit can have a memory unit for storing an executable computer program and data, a processor for processing the instructions of a computer program and for carrying out calculation steps, a measuring unit for detecting physical-electrical variables, and a switching unit for connecting two or have more electrical lines to circuits and to provide a voltage and / or a current.
  • the high-voltage switch also has electrical lines for applying the voltage and/or current to at least one of the secondary components.
  • the arithmetic and control unit is designed in such a way that it can determine a parameter of the secondary component from the voltage or current applied, specifically by at least one measuring step, preferably carried out by the measuring unit, in which a measured value of one of the applied voltage or Current-dependent measured variable is determined, and by at least one computing step preferably carried out by the processor.
  • the measured variable dependent on the applied voltage or current can be a physical-electrical variable such as a current or a voltage.
  • the parameter of the secondary component preferably results from the magnitude of the voltage or current applied and the measured value determined; e.g.
  • the parameter can be the ohmic resistance R of the secondary component, which, according to Ohm’s law, results from the voltage U applied to the secondary component and the measured current I flowing through the secondary component due to the applied voltage U, and/or an inductance the secondary component and/or a capacity of the secondary component.
  • the arithmetic and control unit is designed in such a way that it can determine an aging state of the secondary component from a time profile of the parameter determined at different points in time, in particular by at least one computing step preferably carried out by the processor.
  • the high-voltage switch can have a memory unit, in particular in the form of the above-mentioned memory unit of the arithmetic and control unit, for storing a computer program product and other data, in particular particular of data related to the above-mentioned determination steps.
  • the invention is a significant improvement in the known trip circuit monitoring, which only monitors whether an electrical cal connection is present, but the aging of Se secondary components of a high-voltage switch can not detect.
  • progressive aging of secondary components of the high-voltage switch can be monitored, which lead to a slowly progressive deterioration in the properties of the secondary components, e.g. B. stands by interturns and harmfully high contact transition resistance, or a very rapidly changing deterioration tion of the properties of the secondary components, z. B. by broken wire or loose connector leads. Aging of a secondary component, which occurs slowly and continuously, can be continuously observed and a point in time when the secondary component will fail can be predicted.
  • a deterioration in the properties of a secondary component can therefore be reacted to before aging leads to a significant functional impairment of the secondary component and thus of the high-voltage switch.
  • a functional failure of the high-voltage switch that occurs unexpectedly, which can possibly lead to a dangerous situation or an overly long loss of production due to unforeseen maintenance work, can be avoided.
  • secondary components of high-voltage switches are monitored without additional sensors only by Strö me and voltage pulses that do not lead to an operation of the secondary component to be checked, z. B. a trigger or an electric motor lead.
  • These currents or voltage pulses can be used both to calculate an inherent temperature of the secondary component to be monitored and to monitor electrical parameters for an impermissible change.
  • Such changes in a parameter such as resistance or inductance or capacitance can, for. B. by a winding Short circuit of a coil, which occurs when a maximum permissible temperature of z. B. 105 °C or a mechanical impact (e.g. by an animal), by a broken wire of an electrical line or connection, which can occur with a mechanical impact (e.g.
  • an electrical connection such as B. a plug-in connection of a spring-loaded drive, caused by vibrations, as z. B. can occur with vacuum switches, or by a chemical change in the contact materials of an electrical connection (e.g. due to oxidation by the oxygen in the ambient air or corrosion in an aggressive atmosphere), caused.
  • Cyclical and continuous monitoring using an impressed current or an impressed voltage has the additional advantage that long-term aging processes can be identified, which are triggered by environmental influences and can thus lead to a malfunction of the high-voltage switch. Aging processes can occur in the secondary components themselves or in places where contact resistance plays a role.
  • Contact resistance also referred to as contact or transition resistance, is the electrical resistance of an electrical contact surface, for example between the contacts of an electrical switch or an electrical plug connection.
  • the invention helps in estimating when maintenance should be performed. This approach promises cost savings over routine maintenance strategies, as maintenance tasks are only performed when technically justified.
  • a statement can be made at any time as to whether the next switching operation of the high-voltage switch will be possible.
  • the following can be used as parameters of the secondary component: the electrical resistance of at least one secondary component, the inductance of at least one secondary component, the capacitance of at least one secondary component.
  • the capacitive secondary components installed in the high-voltage switch e.g. B. Capacitors such as interference suppression capacitors or capacitively working actuators, with a voltage pulse that does not lead to actuation of these secondary components
  • Changes in the capacitance of a secondary component allow conclusions to be drawn about the status of the capacitive secondary component being monitored. It is also possible to draw conclusions about the state of the monitored capacitive secondary component from charging with a constant current and observing the rate of voltage rise.
  • the application of a voltage or a current to a large number of series-connected secondary components allows all series-connected secondary components to be monitored simultaneously. This avoids the expense of individual monitoring of the secondary components. If a change in a parameter of the entirety of the monitored secondary components, e.g. g. the overall resistance, which exceeds a defined limit value, a subsequent measurement must be carried out on individual secondary components in order to clarify which secondary component of the large number of secondary components connected in series has caused this deterioration.
  • the temperature of the secondary component is determined using the temperature dependency of the electrical resistance used as a parameter, from which an aging state of the secondary component is determined. If a secondary component is operated at relatively high temperatures, the insulation can age faster than at lower temperatures; thus, the probability is higher that a shorted turn will occur in a coil and the inductance of the coil and consequently the magnetic force effect of the coil will deteriorate.
  • Ambient temperature information can thus be generated, which on the one hand can be used to compensate for the temperature of the secondary components to be monitored and on the other hand allows conclusions to be drawn about ambient temperatures that are too high or too low in the area in which the high-voltage switch is used; Ambient temperatures that are too high or too low can accelerate the aging process of high-voltage switches.
  • an interturn short of a coil and/or a level of a contact resistance is derived from the characteristic over time.
  • the following example is intended to illustrate this:
  • the line and contact resistances are connected in series.
  • the inductance of the coil is reduced in accordance with the absence of turns due to the short circuit.
  • a coil with 100 turns has an assumed inductance of 100 mH and an assumed resistance of 100 mH. If 10 turns of the coil are now short-circuited, both their inductance, e.g. B. to 90 mH, as well as their resistance, z. B. at 90 m.
  • high-voltage switches each with at least one switch-on and one switch-off trigger coil, also simply referred to as switch-on and switch-off triggers or triggers.
  • switch-on and switch-off triggers or triggers also simply referred to as switch-on and switch-off triggers or triggers.
  • the triggers and the auxiliary resistors may only be connected to form a measuring bridge for a relatively short measurement period; otherwise the high-voltage switch will no longer function, since the triggers in this measuring bridge connection cannot be controlled in the way that is necessary for the undisturbed function of the high-voltage switch. While the measuring bridge is established for the measurement, the switching of the high-voltage switch is blocked by the arithmetic and control unit.
  • a switch-on release of a high-voltage switch exceeds a permissible resistance limit value, the high-voltage switch must no longer be operated, in particular it must not be switched on, since there is no guarantee that the switch-on will take place correctly, in the correct period of time and completely.
  • a time delay in the proper time can e.g. B. for asynchronous Zuschaltun conditions of generators have catastrophic consequences, because then the equalizing currents can lead to serious damage due to the non-matching voltages between the network and generator.
  • a Wheatstone measuring bridge can be implemented by adding two additional resistors, which can already detect the smallest changes in resistance. With a suitable design of the measuring arrangement, contact resistances can also be compensated accordingly. It is not absolutely necessary to identify which of the two triggers exhibits the change in resistance and which, due to the potential difference between the voltage dividers of the Wheatstone bridge caused by the change in resistance, detunes the Wheatstone bridge: if a resistance value of at least one trigger changes changed due to temperature and/or aging in such a way that a limit value is exceeded, the high-voltage switch must no longer be operated.
  • the reference resistances have a temperature coefficient which is very close to the temperature coefficient of the resistances of the closing release and the opening release to be monitored, the influence of temperature changes on the measuring bridge is negligible.
  • the Wheatstone measuring bridge works on the principle that the divider ratio of the two voltage dividers is the same. If the ambient temperature of the Wheatstone measuring bridge changes, if the two release resistances to be monitored are approximately the same - which is very likely with releases of the same design - and the reference resistances have the same temperature coefficient, the divider ratio in the two voltage dividers will be equal change in a certain way so that the measuring bridge is balanced remains and no voltage difference between the voltage dividers occurs.
  • the temperature coefficient of the reference resistors is very close to the temperature coefficient of the resistors to be monitored of the closing release and the opening release
  • two further release coils can be used as reference resistors; in this case the temperature behavior of all four resistors used in the Wheatstone bridge is practically identical.
  • Additional trigger coils can be installed because a customer would like to have another, independent option for switching (ON or OFF). If additional trigger coils are used as reference resistors, it is sufficient if the trigger coils only have coils, without armature and mechanics, since the additional trigger coils are only used to achieve identical resistance behavior and thus detune the measuring bridge due to a temperature change is avoided.
  • the time span between the two different points in time is measured in such a way that the secondary component can experience a measurable change in state during this time span.
  • unpredictable effects of a biological or seismological nature can lead to changes in the electrical properties of a secondary component at very short notice (e.g. animals crawling into the high-voltage switch and damaging an electrical line, or tremors from a minor, barely measurable earthquake or from traffic on a road running in the vicinity of the high-voltage switch may, for long periods of time, lead to a loosening of a plug connection)
  • it can be advantageous to select a relatively short time interval between the two different points in time at which the parameter of the secondary component is determined e.g. B.
  • the at least one parameter of the secondary component can be determined after a switching operation of the high-voltage switch, preferably by multiple measurements with an averaging. This has the advantage that a spontaneous change, e.g. B. a broken wire or a loose connector, which was caused due to a shock triggered by the switching operation, can be detected shortly after it occurs.
  • the determination of the parameter e.g. B. an electrical resistor or an inductance or a capacitance of the secondary component, at least one measuring step in which a measured value of a measured variable dependent on the applied voltage or current is determined, and at least one computing step in which the size of the applied voltage or current and the determined measured value, the parameter is calculated.
  • the measured variable dependent on the applied voltage or current can be a physical-electrical variable such as a current or a voltage.
  • the parameter is preferably obtained by a calculation step from the size of the applied voltage or current and the determined measured value; e.g.
  • the task outlined is also solved by a computer program product according to the invention, also known as a computer program for short.
  • the computer program product is designed to be executable in a high-voltage switch.
  • the computer program includes instructions that cause the high voltage switch of claim 8 to perform the method steps of any one of claims 1 to 7.
  • the computer program product can be stored as software or firmware in a memory unit of the high-voltage switch and can be executed by a processor of the high-voltage switch.
  • the memory unit of the high-voltage switch and the processor of the high-voltage switch can be part of an arithmetic and control unit of the high-voltage switch, which executes the steps of the method according to the invention.
  • the arithmetic and control unit can also have a measuring unit for detecting physical-electrical parameters such as current and/or voltage as well as a switching unit for connecting two or more electrical lines to form circuits and for providing a voltage and/or a current.
  • the processor controls the other components of the arithmetic and control unit, namely the memory unit, the measuring unit and the switching unit, in such a way that the method steps are carried out.
  • the computer program product is designed to control the arithmetic and control unit of the high-voltage switch in such a way that when voltage or current is applied to secondary components, measured values of a parameter dependent on the voltage and/or current are received two different points in time, and an evaluation of the measured values and a determination of data from the measured values is carried out.
  • the computer program product is designed to implement and carry out at least one embodiment of the outlined method.
  • the computer program product can unite all subfunctions of the method, ie it can be formed monolithically.
  • the computer program product can also be segmented and each sub-function can be distributed to segments that are executed on separate hardware. For example, part of the method can be carried out in a high-voltage switch and another part of the method in a higher-level control unit, such as a PLC or a computer cloud.
  • a computer program product is also proposed which can be loaded directly into the internal memory of a digital computing unit and comprises software code sections which execute the steps of the method described herein when the product runs on the computing and control unit of the high-voltage switch.
  • the arithmetic unit is in particular a processor of the arithmetic and control unit of the high-voltage switch for controlling the high-voltage switch.
  • the computer program product can be stored on a data medium, e.g. a USB memory stick, a DVD or a CD-ROM, a flash memory, EEPROM or a an SD card.
  • the computer program product may also be in the form of a data stream loadable over a wired or wireless network.
  • the method is preferably implemented in the form of a computer program product, with the computer program product monitoring the secondary components in conjunction with measurement and control electronics.
  • the invention is thus on the one hand also a computer program product with program code instructions that can be executed by a computer and on the other hand a storage medium with such a computer program, ie a computer program product with program code means.
  • the task outlined is also achieved by a computer-readable medium according to the invention, on which the computer program product according to claim 9 is stored.
  • FIG. 4 shows a time profile of a resistance of a secondary component of a high-voltage switch.
  • FIG. 1 shows a high-voltage circuit breaker 100 designed as a vacuum circuit breaker with a single-phase or multi-phase primary current path 10, which connects an upper connection terminal 102 via a line section 3 with main contacts 1 arranged in a vacuum interrupter chamber, and the main contacts 1 via a line section 3 with a lower connection terminal 103 connects.
  • the upper terminal 102 can be connected to a medium or high voltage source, e.g. B. a medium-voltage network of an energy supplier, connected to those who have an electrical voltage of z. B. 1000 V AC ready.
  • a consumer, z. B. a transformer are connected, the sen supply of electrical energy through the high voltage switch is controlled.
  • the primary current path 10 is in a primary circuit which can be interrupted by opening the main contact 1 te.
  • the high-voltage switch 100 also has a multiplicity of control current paths 20 to 25 which are part of the secondary equipment of the high-voltage switch 100 .
  • control current paths 20 to 25 which are part of the secondary equipment of the high-voltage switch 100 .
  • the usual voltages in the control circuit are in the range of 24 to 660 volts.
  • the high-voltage switch 100 has a switch-off release current path 20 which connects an upper connection terminal 202 via a switching contact 51 and a switch-off release 54 having a coil to a lower connection terminal 203 .
  • the switching contact 51 is connected to two plug connections 50, 52 and the switch-off release 54 to two plug-in connections 53, 55 connected in series in the switch-off release current path 20, using connecting line sections 2, which can be designed as cables, conductor tracks or as current rails be able.
  • the upper connection terminal 202 can be connected to a low-voltage source which, for activation, requires an electrical voltage of e.g. B.
  • the lower connection terminal 203 can be connected to a neutral conductor.
  • the switch-off release current path 20 is in a secondary current circuit, which can be interrupted by opening the switching contact 51 surfaces.
  • the high-voltage switch 100 also has a switch-on trigger current path 21, which has an upper terminal
  • the switching contact 57 with two plug-in connections 56, 58 and the opening release 60 with two plug-in connections 59, 61 are connected in series in the switch-on release current path 21, using connecting line sections 2, which are designed as cables, lines, conductors or as busbars could be.
  • the upper terminal 204 can be connected to the same low-voltage source as the upper terminal 202 of the switch-off tripping serstrombahn 20 .
  • the lower terminal 205 can be connected to the same neutral conductor as the lower terminal 203 on the opening trip current path 20 .
  • the high-voltage switch 100 also has two spring storage drive current paths 23 and 24 and a heating element current path 25.
  • the spring storage drive current paths 23 and 24 which each have upper connection terminals 208, 210 and lower connection terminals 209, 211, it is possible to switch contacts 62, 64 and 65, 67 and line sections 2, which can be in the form of cables, lines, conductor tracks or busbars, a stored-energy spring drive 63, 66 is connected.
  • An electrical heating element 69 is integrated into the heating element current path 25, which has an upper connection terminal 212 and a lower connection terminal 213, with the aid of switching contacts 68 and 70 and line sections 2, which can be in the form of cables, lines, conductor tracks or busbars switched, which protects the interior of the housing of the high-voltage switch 100 against harmful condensation of humidity.
  • the upper connection terminals 208, 210, 212 can be connected to the same low-voltage source as the upper connection terminal 202 of the switch-off tripping serstrombahn 20.
  • the lower connection terminals 209, 211, 213 can be connected to the same neutral conductor as the lower connection terminal 203 of the tripping circuit 20.
  • the high-voltage switch 100 can also have any other auxiliary and control current paths with additional secondary components whose electrical properties are subject to an aging process, of which a current path 22 is indicated as an example, which has an upper connection terminal 206 and a lower connection terminal 207 .
  • the high-voltage switch 100 has two switching mechanisms 4, 5, two spring accumulators 6, 7 and a computing and control unit 8; the arithmetic and control unit 8 is supplied with electrical energy via the current path 22 .
  • the processor 82 can be used to execute a computer program product stored on the memory unit 81 .
  • the measuring unit 83 can be used to record physical-electrical parameters of secondary components such as current and/or voltage.
  • the switching unit 84 can be used to connect two or more electrical lines 40 to 45 to form circuits and to provide a voltage and/or a current.
  • a switch-off triggering of the high-voltage switch 100 takes place as follows: A triggering voltage is applied to the connection terminals 202, 203 of the switch-off trigger current path 20, e.g. B. due to a switch-off command or an error, causes a tripping coil of Ausschaltauslö sers 54 due to the electric current flowing through the Ausschaltausschaltstrombahn 20 forms a magnetic field, which has a notch 31 of the switching mechanism 4 result.
  • the released switching mechanism 4 releases the spring accumulator 6 through 33, the stored mechanical energy of which is released and transmitted to the main contacts 1 through 35, where it causes the main contacts 1 to open.
  • the discharged spring accumulator 6 can be recharged 37, "activated" so to speak, using the spring accumulator drive 63: an electric motor of the spring accumulator drive 63 tensions a spring of the spring accumulator drive 63 via a gear.
  • a switch-on tripping of the high-voltage switch 100 proceeds analogously: A triggering voltage is applied to the connection terminals 204, 205 of the switch-on trip circuit 20, e.g. B. due to a closing command, causes a trip coil of the closing release 60 due to the electric current flowing through the opening release current path 21 forms a magnetic field, which forms a notch 32 of the Switch mechanism 5 has the result.
  • the notched switching closed 5 releases the spring accumulator 7 through 34, the stored mechanical energy of which is released and is transmitted to the main contacts 1 through 36, where it causes the main contacts 1 to close.
  • the discharged spring accumulator 7 can be reloaded 38, so to speak "activated", using the spring accumulator drive 66: an electric motor of the spring accumulator drive 66 tensions a spring of the spring accumulator drive 66 via a gear.
  • the central spring accumulator unit has a closing spring that tensions the switching spring when it is activated.
  • Electrical lines 40 are connected to the terminals 202, 203 of the switch-off trip current path 20 and are connected to the arithmetic and control unit 8.
  • electrical lines 41 to 45 are also connected to the connection terminals 204 to 213 of the other current paths 21 to 25 and are connected to the arithmetic and control unit 8 .
  • the current paths 20 to 25 can each be charged with a voltage or a current and a measured variable resulting from the charging can be measured and transmitted to the arithmetic and control unit 8.
  • the arithmetic and control unit 8 can use this to determine at least one characteristic of the secondary components 2, 50 to 70 that is dependent on the voltage and/or the current.
  • the computing and control unit 8 can determine an aging state of the current paths 20 to 25 with the secondary components 2, 50 to 70 connected therein from a time profile of the parameter.
  • the opening release current path 20 contains the resistance of the opening release 54, the transition resistances of the plug connections 50, 52, 53, 55, the contact resistances of the switching contact 51 and the line resistances of the line sections 2, which contain the aforementioned components
  • the processor 82 of the arithmetic and control unit 8 calculates the ohmic resistance R and the inductance L of the opening release current path 20 from the quantities U and I Reduction of both the resistance and the inductance in the opening release current path 20. In contrast, deterioration of the contact resistances of the switching contact 51 and the plug contacts 50,
  • FIG. 2 shows a flowchart for an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the method serves to monitor the functionality of the high-voltage switch 100 shown in FIG. 1 during its operation.
  • the electrical components of the high-voltage system located in the primary circuit 10 of the high-voltage switch are Switch, ie the terminals 102, 103, the main contacts 1 and the line sections 3 connecting the main contacts 1 to the terminals 102, 103, are referred to as the primary components of the high-voltage switch and the remaining electrical components of the high-voltage switch 100 are referred to as secondary components of the high-voltage switch.
  • the method has a first step 91 in which a voltage is applied to at least one of the secondary components 2, 50 to 70.
  • the voltage is selected in such a way that it does not lead to the secondary component 2, 50 to 70 being actuated.
  • the method has a second step 92 following the first step 91, in which a characteristic variable, dependent on the voltage, of the secondary component 2, 50 to 70 to which the voltage is applied is determined at two different points in time. Any further process steps can be carried out between the first and the second step.
  • the parameter in the case of the releases 54, 60, can be an inductance L or an electrical resistance of a coil of an electric motor.
  • the parameter as with the connectors 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70 and the line sections 2, an electrical
  • the method also has a third step 93 following the second step 92, in which an aging state of the secondary components 2, 50 to 70 is derived from a time profile of the parameter. Any further method steps can be carried out between the second and the third step.
  • the high-voltage switch 100 monitors itself for its functionality:
  • the secondary components of the high-voltage switch 100 are subjected to a voltage or a current according to the method according to the invention, on the basis of which conclusions are drawn as to impermissible aging of the secondary components will.
  • FIG. 3 shows a Wheatstone measuring bridge 300 configured in a high-voltage switch 100 according to FIG. 1, which is connected as follows: a first pair of electrical lines 40, which is connected to the connection terminals 202, 203 of the opening release current path 20, to a lying in the opening release current path 20 and acting as a first voltage divider in series, formed by the opening release 54 and a first additional resistor 12.
  • the first and the second voltage have the same potential.
  • the contact points 460, 470 are each by means of electrical lines 46, 47 connected to the arithmetic and control unit 8, where the potential difference is determined.
  • the two additional resistors 12, 13 are measured in such a way that in an initial state the potential difference between the two measuring points 460, 470 is equal to zero.
  • the change in resistance caused by aging en the trigger 54, 60 leads to a "detuning" of the measuring bridge 300, which manifests itself as a potential difference between the two measuring points 460, 470.
  • the advantage of monitoring the trigger 54, 60 using a Wheatstone measuring bridge is that even the slightest changes in resistance of the triggers 54, 60 can be detected.
  • FIG 3 shows how the triggers 54, 60 and the auxiliary resistors 12, 13 can be interconnected in the high-voltage switch in order to implement a measuring bridge. This interconnection may only take place for the period of the measurement. Otherwise the function of the high-voltage switch would no longer be given since the triggers 54, 60 cannot be controlled in this connection in the way that is necessary for normal operation of the high-voltage switch.
  • the measuring bridge as shown in FIG. 3, connects switch-on and switch-off releases 54, 60 to one another. Therefore, the measuring bridge 300 shown is only established at the time of the measurement controlled by the arithmetic and control unit 8, during which the switching of the high-voltage switch is blocked by the arithmetic and control unit 8.
  • the lines 40 and 41 are only connected at the time of the measurement in such a way that a Wheatstone measuring bridge is created.
  • FIG. 4 shows a course of an electrical resistance R of a secondary component of the high-voltage switch 100 over time t.
  • a limit value Rs of the electrical resistance is also entered in the Rt diagram: the electrical resistance R of the monitored secondary component of the high-voltage switch 100 must not exceed this limit value Rs , otherwise the high-voltage switch 100 must no longer be operated.
  • the measurements to determine the secondary component are carried out regularly and cyclically at intervals of e.g. B. 1s; however, shorter or longer time intervals are also possible.
  • the evaluation by the computing and control unit shows that the values Ri and R2 of the electrical resistance R of the secondary component determined at times ti and t2 increase over time t. At times ti and 12, the resistance R of the secondary component is still below the limit value R s .
  • the computing and control unit of the high-voltage switch 100 is able, on the basis of resistance values already determined--in FIG in FIG. 4 indicated by the dashed line compensation straight line K, which extrapolates the future development of the resistance.
  • the computing and control unit can estimate at which point in time t s the secondary component will probably exceed the limit value R s and further operation of the high-voltage switch 100 is prohibited; the arithmetic and control unit can communicate this point in time to an operator of the high-voltage switch, e.g. B. by an e-mail, an indication on a display, a warning tone, etc.
  • the invention thus enables an operator of the high-voltage switch to estimate the time of a necessary maintenance appointment within the framework of what is known as predictive maintenance and to plan this in good time during ongoing operation.
  • the invention helps to estimate when maintenance should be carried out. This approach promises cost savings compared to maintenance strategies that are carried out cyclically at fixed time intervals, since maintenance tasks are only carried out when this is technically justified.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de surveillance de l'opérabilité d'un commutateur haute tension (100) pendant son fonctionnement, les composants électriques (1, 3) du commutateur haute tension (100) qui sont dans un circuit électrique primaire (10) dudit commutateur (100) étant désignés comme composants primaires du commutateur (100), et les composants électriques restants (2, 50 à 70) du commutateur haute tension (100) étant désignés comme composants secondaires du commutateur (100), le procédé consistant : - à appliquer une tension et/ou un courant sur au moins un composant secondaire (2, 50 à 70), la tension et/ou le courant étant sélectionné(e)(s) de sorte à ne pas activer le composant secondaire (2, 50 to 70) ; - à déterminer, à deux moments différents (t1, t2), au moins une variable caractéristique (R1, R2) du composant secondaire (2, 50 à 70) dépendant de la tension et/ou du courant ; et - à déterminer un état de vieillissement du composant secondaire (2, 50 à 70) à partir d'un changement de la variable caractéristique (R1, R2) dans le temps.
PCT/EP2022/052416 2021-03-30 2022-02-02 Surveillance de l'opérabilité d'un commutateur haute tension WO2022207159A1 (fr)

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DE102021203218.4 2021-03-30
DE102021203218.4A DE102021203218B4 (de) 2021-03-30 2021-03-30 Verfahren zur Überwachung der Funktionsfähigkeit eines Hochspannungsschalters, Hochspannungsschalter, Computerprogrammprodukt und computerlesbares Medium

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WO2022207159A1 true WO2022207159A1 (fr) 2022-10-06

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009008465A1 (de) 2009-02-10 2010-08-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Leistungsschalter sowie Verfahren zum Überwachen der Funktionsfähigkeit eines Leistungsschalters
US20150276877A1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2015-10-01 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Electric power system circuit breaker trip diagnostic

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009008465A1 (de) 2009-02-10 2010-08-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Leistungsschalter sowie Verfahren zum Überwachen der Funktionsfähigkeit eines Leistungsschalters
US20150276877A1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2015-10-01 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Electric power system circuit breaker trip diagnostic

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DE102021203218B4 (de) 2023-01-19

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