WO2022205981A1 - 五轴摇篮转台 - Google Patents

五轴摇篮转台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022205981A1
WO2022205981A1 PCT/CN2021/134573 CN2021134573W WO2022205981A1 WO 2022205981 A1 WO2022205981 A1 WO 2022205981A1 CN 2021134573 W CN2021134573 W CN 2021134573W WO 2022205981 A1 WO2022205981 A1 WO 2022205981A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axis
driven wheel
bridge plate
transmission mechanism
rotating shaft
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PCT/CN2021/134573
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
颜炳姜
朱小康
李俊宏
Original Assignee
科益展智能装备有限公司
汇专科技集团股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022205981A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022205981A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/26—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively movable members; Means for preventing relative movement of such members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of turntables, in particular to a five-axis cradle turntable.
  • the five-axis cradle turntable is a kind of CNC turntable, which is a common part of machine tool processing.
  • the axis of rotation around the X axis is defined as the A axis
  • the axis of rotation around the Z axis is defined as the C axis.
  • the five-axis cradle turntable, through the combination of the A axis and the C axis, the workpiece fixed on the output flange can meet the processing requirements. .
  • the traditional five-axis cradle turntable because the integrated servo motor is used in the five-axis assembly (the encoder is integrated on the motor), has a large height in the C-axis direction (Z direction). After the workpiece is placed on the five-axis cradle turntable, The overall center height is raised upward, but since the Z-direction travel of the machine tool is fixed, if the center height of the five-axis cradle turntable is high, it can only be applied to the machine tool with a high Z-direction travel, reducing the versatility of the five-axis turntable. Moreover, if the encoder is integrated with the motor, the linkage between the five-axis cradle turntable and the machine tool cannot be realized when dealing with different systems of different machine tools, and the versatility of the five-axis turntable will also be reduced.
  • a five-axis cradle turntable comprising:
  • a four-axis assembly is arranged on the bottom plate
  • tailstock main body disposed on the bottom plate and spaced apart from the four-axis assembly
  • the five-axis assembly includes a bridge plate, a rear cover, a five-axis motor, a first transmission mechanism, a five-axis rotating shaft, a second transmission mechanism, an encoder and a five-axis flange.
  • the opposite ends of the bridge plate are mounted on the The four-axis assembly is attached to the tailstock main body, and the bridge plate is swingable relative to the bottom plate.
  • the rear cover is arranged on the bottom of the bridge plate, and the rear cover and the bridge plate together enclose An accommodating cavity, the five-axis motor, the first transmission mechanism, the second transmission mechanism and the encoder are all located in the accommodating cavity, one end of the five-axis rotating shaft is located in the accommodating cavity, and the other end is located in the accommodating cavity.
  • the five-axis flange is installed on the end of the five-axis rotating shaft extending from the bridge plate, and the five-axis motor drives the five-axis through the first transmission mechanism
  • the five-axis rotating shaft further drives the second transmission mechanism to move
  • the encoder is detachably arranged on the second transmission mechanism, and the encoder and the five-axis motor are staggered.
  • the first transmission mechanism includes a first driving wheel, a first timing belt and a first driven wheel, the first driving wheel is arranged at the output end of the five-axis motor, and the first driving wheel
  • the driven wheel is arranged on the five-axis rotating shaft, the first driving wheel drives the first driven wheel to rotate through the first synchronous belt
  • the second transmission mechanism includes a second driving wheel, a second synchronous belt and The second driven wheel, the second driving wheel is arranged on the five-axis rotating shaft, the second driven wheel is rotatably arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the second driving wheel is synchronized by the second The belt drives the second driven wheel to rotate, and the encoder is arranged on the second driven wheel.
  • first driven wheel and the second driving wheel are concentrically sleeved on the outside of the five-axis rotating shaft, and the second driving wheel is located above the first driven wheel.
  • a support block is disposed in the accommodating cavity, the support block is disposed at the bottom of the bridge plate, and the second driven wheel is rotatably disposed on the bridge plate through the support block bottom.
  • the diameter of the second driven wheel is smaller than the diameter of the second driving wheel.
  • the reduction ratio of the second driving wheel and the second driven wheel is 1:2.
  • the five-axis rotating shaft is hollow.
  • the bridge plate is an integrated bridge plate, one end of the bridge plate is swingably arranged on the tailstock main body through a swinging flange, and the other end of the bridge plate is connected through a four-axis
  • the flange plate is swingably arranged on the four-axis main body.
  • the back cover and the bridge plate together form an accommodating cavity.
  • the five-axis motor, the first transmission mechanism, the second transmission mechanism and the encoder are all located in the accommodating cavity.
  • One end of the five-axis rotating shaft is located in the accommodating cavity, and the other end is located in the accommodating cavity.
  • the five-axis flange plate Protruding from the bridge plate, the five-axis flange plate is installed on the end of the five-axis rotating shaft extending from the bridge plate, the five-axis motor drives the five-axis rotating shaft to rotate through the first transmission mechanism, and the five-axis rotating shaft further drives the second transmission mechanism to move,
  • the encoder is detachably arranged on the second transmission mechanism, and the encoder and the five-axis motor are staggered.
  • the encoder and the five-axis motor are not integrally formed, but separate and staggered. Therefore, the five-axis motor, The distribution of the first transmission mechanism, the second transmission mechanism and the encoder in the X-axis direction can reduce the height of the entire five-axis assembly in the Z-axis direction, thereby reducing the height of the five-axis flange;
  • the shaft motor is set separately, and the encoder is detachably set on the second transmission mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a five-axis cradle turntable in one embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is the perspective sectional view of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of FIG. 2 .
  • five-axis cradle turntable 100, base plate; 200, four-axis assembly; 300, tailstock body; 400, five-axis assembly; 410, bridge plate; 420, rear cover; 430, five-axis motor; 440, 450, five-axis rotating shaft; 460, second transmission mechanism; 470, encoder; 480, five-axis flange; 441, first driving wheel; 442, first synchronous belt; 443, first slave Driving wheel; 461, second driving wheel; 462, second timing belt; 463, second driven wheel; 490, support block; 210, four-axis main body; 220, four-axis rear cover; 230, four-axis motor; 240, four Shaft shaft; 250, four-axis flange; 260, RV reducer; 310, swing flange.
  • first, second, etc. are used in the present invention to describe various information, but these information should not be limited to these terms, which are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other.
  • first information may also be referred to as “second” information
  • second information may also be referred to as “first” information, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the five-axis cradle turntable 10 in one embodiment includes a base plate 100, a four-axis assembly 200, a tailstock body 300 and a five-axis assembly 400.
  • the five-axis cradle turntable 10 in this embodiment can at least The height of the five-axis flange plate is reduced, thereby reducing the center height of the workpiece, and the versatility of the five-axis cradle turntable 10 is improved. Moreover, it can also cope with different systems of different machine tools, and replace encoders with different protocols to realize the linkage between the five-axis cradle turntable 10 and the machine tool.
  • the bottom plate 100 generally has a plate-like structure.
  • the four-axis assembly 200 is disposed on the base plate 100 , for example, the four-axis assembly 200 may be mounted on the base plate 100 by screws.
  • the tailstock main body 300 is disposed on the bottom plate 100 and is disposed opposite to the four-axis assembly 200 at intervals.
  • the tailstock main body 300 can be mounted on the bottom plate 100 by screws, and an interval space is formed between the tailstock main body 300 and the four-axis assembly 200 , and the five-axis assembly 400 is located in the interval space.
  • the five-axis assembly 400 includes a bridge plate 410 , a rear cover 420 , a five-axis motor 430 , a first transmission mechanism 440 , a five-axis rotating shaft 450 , a second transmission mechanism 460 , an encoder 470 and a five-axis flange
  • the plate 480 and the opposite ends of the bridge plate 410 are mounted on the four-axis assembly 200 and the tailstock main body 300 , and the bridge plate 410 can swing relative to the bottom plate 100 . That is, the bridge plate 410 can swing relative to the base plate 100 under the driving of the four-axis assembly 200 .
  • the bridge plate 410 is an integrated bridge plate 410, and the rigidity of the integrated bridge plate 410 is relatively good.
  • the rear cover 420 is covered on the bottom of the bridge plate 410, and the rear cover 420 and the bridge plate 410 together form an accommodating cavity.
  • the five-axis motor 430, the first transmission mechanism 440, the second transmission mechanism 460 and the encoder 470 are all located at contained in the cavity. Therefore, it can not only protect the five-axis motor 430, the first transmission mechanism 440 and the second transmission mechanism 460 from being polluted by external water vapor and impurities, but also prevent the five-axis motor 430 from being exposed to the bridge plate 410 and interfering with the machine tool spindle.
  • the five-axis rotating shaft 450 is located in the accommodating cavity, and the other end protrudes from the bridge plate 410.
  • the five-axis flange 480 is installed on the end of the five-axis rotating shaft 450 extending from the bridge plate 410. The rotation of the five-axis rotating shaft 450 rotates.
  • the five-axis rotating shaft 450 is hollow, which is convenient for internal circuits or leads.
  • the five-axis motor 430 drives the five-axis rotation shaft 450 to rotate through the first transmission mechanism 440, and the five-axis rotation shaft 450 further drives the second transmission mechanism 460 to move.
  • the encoder 470 is detachably arranged on the second transmission mechanism 460.
  • the shaft motors 430 are staggered.
  • the encoder 470 and the five-axis motor 430 are not integrally formed, but separate and staggered. Therefore, the five-axis motor 430, the first transmission mechanism 440, the second transmission mechanism 460 and the encoder 470 are reasonably arranged in the X-axis direction To reduce the height of the entire five-axis assembly 400 in the Z-axis direction, and then reduce the height of the five-axis flange 480, when the workpiece is placed on the five-axis flange 480, the center height of the workpiece also follows.
  • the encoder 470 is provided separately from the five-axis motor 430, and the encoder 470 is detachably arranged on the first
  • encoders 470 with different protocols can be replaced according to customer needs, so as to realize the linkage between the five-axis cradle turntable 10 and the machine tool, and improve the versatility of the five-axis cradle turntable 10.
  • the first transmission mechanism 440 includes a first driving wheel 441 , a first timing belt 442 and a first driven wheel 443 .
  • the first driving wheel 441 is disposed at the output end of the five-axis motor 430 , and the first driven wheel
  • the 443 is arranged on the five-axis rotating shaft 450 , and the first driving wheel 441 drives the first driven wheel 443 to rotate through the first synchronous belt 442 . Therefore, the first transmission mechanism 440 has a simple structure and lower requirements on the ability of the assembling personnel, which is beneficial to improve the assembling efficiency.
  • the second transmission mechanism 460 includes a second driving wheel 461 , a second timing belt 462 and a second driven wheel 463 .
  • the second driving wheel 461 is arranged on the five-axis rotating shaft 450 , and the second driven wheel 463 is rotatably arranged in the accommodating cavity. Inside the body, the second driving wheel 461 drives the second driven wheel 463 to rotate through the second synchronous belt 462 , and the encoder 470 is arranged on the second driven wheel 463 . That is, the second driving wheel 461 rotates with the rotation of the five-axis rotating shaft 450 .
  • the second transmission mechanism 460 has a simple structure, which is beneficial to improve assembly efficiency.
  • the first transmission mechanism may include a first driving gear and a first driven gear, and the first driving gear and the first driven gear mesh with each other.
  • the second transmission mechanism may include a second driving gear. The driving gear and the second driven gear, and the second driving gear and the second driven gear mesh with each other.
  • the first driven wheel 443 and the second driven wheel 463 are concentrically sleeved on the outside of the five-axis rotating shaft 450 , and the second driving wheel 461 is located above the first driven wheel 443 .
  • the second driving wheel 461 is located above the first driven wheel 443.
  • the second timing belt 462 is positioned diagonally above the first timing belt 442, and the height of the second driven wheel 463 is also higher than that of the first driving wheel 441 and the first driving wheel 441.
  • the encoder 470 can be arranged below the second driven wheel 463, and the space in the X-axis direction in the accommodating cavity can be reasonably used to reduce the The overall height of the five-axis assembly 400 in the Z-axis direction.
  • a support block 490 is disposed in the accommodating cavity, the support block 490 is disposed at the bottom of the bridge plate 410 , and the second driven wheel 463 is rotatably disposed at the bottom of the bridge plate 410 through the support block 490 .
  • the support block 490 is mainly used to provide installation support for the second driven wheel 463 .
  • the diameter of the second driven wheel 463 is smaller than the diameter of the second driving wheel 461, so that when the encoder 470 is installed on the second driven wheel 463, the transmission accuracy can be improved.
  • the reduction ratio between the second driving wheel 461 and the second driven wheel 463 is 1:2, that is, the diameter of the second driving wheel 461 is twice the diameter of the second driven wheel 463, then when the encoder 470 is installed to the first After the second driven wheel 463 is mounted, the transmission precision can be improved.
  • the four-axis assembly 200 includes a four-axis main body 210 , a four-axis rear cover 220 , a four-axis motor 230 , a four-axis rotating shaft 240 and a four-axis flange 250 , and the four-axis main body 210 is mounted on the base plate 100 through a positioning key.
  • the four-axis rear cover 220 is covered on one side of the four-axis main body 210 , and seals the four-axis motor 230 inside the four-axis rear cover 220 .
  • the four-axis motor 230 is used to drive the four-axis rotating shaft 240 to rotate, and the four-axis flange 250 is disposed on the four-axis rotating shaft 240 .
  • an RV reducer 260 is also arranged between the four-axis motor 230 and the four-axis flange 250, the four-axis rotating shaft 240 is a gear shaft, and the four-axis assembly 200 adopts the RV reducer 260, which is light in weight and good in rigidity.
  • the tailstock main body 300 is also provided with a swing flange 310, one end of the bridge plate 410 is swingably disposed on the tailstock main body 300 through the swing flange 310, and the other end of the bridge plate 410 is arranged through the four-axis flange
  • the disk 250 is swingably provided on the four-axis main body 210 .
  • the four-axis motor 230 drives the four-axis rotating shaft 240 to rotate, and the four-axis rotating shaft 240 rotates to drive the four-axis flange 250 to rotate.
  • One end of the bridge plate 410 is mounted on the swing flange 310 , and the other end is mounted on the four-axis flange 250 Therefore, when the four-axis flange 250 rotates under the driving of the four-axis rotating shaft 240, it drives the four-axis flange 250 to rotate, thereby driving the bridge plate 410 to swing, and the bridge plate 410 swings to drive the five-axis assembly 400 as a whole relative to the bottom plate 100. swing.

Abstract

一种五轴摇篮转台（10），包括底板（100）、四轴组件（200）、尾座主体（300）及五轴组件（400），五轴组件包括桥板（410）、后盖（420）、五轴电机（430）、第一传动机构（440）、五轴转轴（450）、第二传动机构（460）、编码器（470）及五轴法兰盘（480），后盖与桥板共同围成一容置腔体，五轴电机、第一、第二传动机构和编码器都位于容置腔体内，编码器可拆卸地设置于第二传动机构上，编码器与五轴电机错开设置，合理布置五轴电机、第一、第二传动机构和编码器在X轴方向上的分布情况，来减小整个五轴组件在Z轴方向的高度，降低五轴法兰盘的高度；可以根据客户需求更换不同协议的编码器，以实现五轴摇篮转台与机床的联动性，提高五轴摇篮转台的通用性。

Description

五轴摇篮转台 技术领域
本发明涉及转台技术领域，特别是涉及一种五轴摇篮转台。
背景技术
五轴摇篮转台是数控转台的一种，属于机床加工的常用部件。其中，绕X轴回转的转轴定义为A轴，绕Z轴回转的转轴定义为C轴，五轴摇篮转台通过A轴和C轴的组合，固定在输出法兰盘上的工件可以满足加工要求。
传统的五轴摇篮转台，由于五轴组件中采用一体式伺服电机(编码器集成在电机上)，其在C轴方向(Z向)上高度较大，工件放到五轴摇篮转台上后，整体中心高往上抬，但是由于机床的Z向行程是固定的，如果五轴摇篮转台的中心高较高，那么只能适用于Z向行程较高的机床，降低五轴转台的通用性。而且，编码器如果与电机集成在一起，那么在应对不同机床的不同系统时，无法实现五轴摇篮转台与机床的联动，也会降低五轴转台的通用性。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对上述技术问题，提供一种可以降低输出法兰盘的高度和可以更换不同协议的编码器以提高通用性的五轴摇篮转台。
一种五轴摇篮转台，包括：
底板；
四轴组件，设置于所述底板上；
尾座主体，设置于所述底板上，且与所述四轴组件间隔相对设置；及
五轴组件，包括桥板、后盖、五轴电机、第一传动机构、五轴转轴、第二传动机构、编码器及五轴法兰盘，所述桥板的相对两端安装于所述四轴组件与所述尾座主体上，且所述桥板相对于所述底板可摆动，所述后盖盖设于所述桥板的底部，所述后盖与所述桥板共同围成一容置腔体，所述五轴电机、第一传动机构、第二传动机构和编码器均位于所述容置腔体内，所述五轴转轴的一端位于所述容置腔体内，另一端伸出于所述桥板，所述五轴法兰盘安装于所述五轴转轴伸出于所述桥板的那端，所述五轴电机通过所述第一传动机构带动所述五轴转轴转动，所述五轴转轴进而带动所述第二传动机构运动，所述编码器可拆卸地设置于所述第二传动机构上，所述编码器与所述五轴电机错开设置。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第一传动机构包括第一主动轮、第一同步带及第一从动轮，所述第一主动轮设置于所述五轴电机的输出端，所述第一从动轮设置于所述五轴转轴上，所述第一主动轮通过所述第一同步带带动所述第一从动轮转动，所述第二传动机构包括第二主动轮、第二同步带及第二从动轮，所述第二主动轮设置于所述五轴转轴上，所述第二从动轮可转动地设置于所述容置腔体内，所述第二主动轮通过所述第二同步带带动所述第二从动轮转动，所述编码器设置于所述第二从动轮上。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第一从动轮与所述第二主动轮同心套设于所述五轴转轴外侧，所述第二主动轮位于所述第一从动轮的上方。
在其中一个实施例中，所述容置腔体内设置有支撑块，所述支撑块设置于所述桥板底部，所述第二从动轮通过所述支撑块可转动地设置于所述桥板底部。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第二从动轮的直径小于所述第二主动轮的直径。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第二主动轮与所述第二从动轮的减速比为1：2。
在其中一个实施例中，所述五轴转轴呈中空状。
在其中一个实施例中，所述桥板为一体式桥板，所述桥板的一端通过摆动法兰盘可摆动地设置于所述尾座主体上，所述桥板的另一端通过四轴法兰盘可摆动地设置于四轴主体上。
上述五轴摇篮转台至少具有以下优点：
后盖与桥板共同围成一容置腔体，五轴电机、第一传动机构、第二传动机构和编码器都位于容置腔体内，五轴转轴的一端位于容置腔体内，另一端伸出于桥板，五轴法兰盘安装于五轴转轴伸出于桥板的那端，五轴电机通过第一传动机构带动五轴转轴转动，五轴转轴进而带动第二传动机构运动，编码器可拆卸地设置于第二传动机构上，编码器与五轴电机错开设置，因此，编码器与五轴电机并非一体成型设置，而是分开且错开设置，所以，合理布置五轴电机、第一传动机构、第二传动机构和编码器在X轴方向上的分布情况，来减小整个五轴组件在Z轴方向的高度，进而降低五轴法兰盘的高度；并且编码器与五轴电机分开设置，编码器可拆卸地设置于第二传动机构上，应对客户不同机床不同系统时，可以根据客户需求更换不同协议的编码器，以实现五轴摇篮转台与机床的联动性，提高五轴摇篮转台的通用性。
附图说明
图1为一实施方式中的五轴摇篮转台的结构示意图；
图2为图1的立体剖视图；
图3为图2的局部示意图。
图中，10、五轴摇篮转台；100、底板；200、四轴组件；300、尾座主体；400、五轴组件；410、桥板；420、后盖；430、五轴电机；440、第一传动机构；450、五轴转轴；460、第二传动机构；470、编码器；480、五轴法兰盘；441、 第一主动轮；442、第一同步带；443、第一从动轮；461、第二主动轮；462、第二同步带；463、第二从动轮；490、支撑块；210、四轴主体；220、四轴后盖；230、四轴电机；240、四轴转轴；250、四轴法兰盘；260、RV减速机；310、摆动法兰盘。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施的限制。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
应当理解的是，本发明中采用术语“第一”、“第二”等来描述各种信息，但这些信息不应限于这些术语，这些术语仅用来将同一类型的信息彼此区分开。例如，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，“第一”信息也可以被称为“第二”信息，类似的，“第二”信息也可以被称为“第一”信息。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。以上所述实施 例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
请参阅1和图2，一实施方式中的五轴摇篮转台10，包括底板100、四轴组件200、尾座主体300及五轴组件400，本实施方式中的五轴摇篮转台10，至少可以降低五轴法兰盘的高度，进而降低工件的中心高，提高五轴摇篮转台10的通用性。而且还可以应对不同机床不同系统，更换不同协议的编码器实现五轴摇篮转台10与机床的联动。
具体地，底板100大致呈板状结构。四轴组件200设置于底板100上，例如，四轴组件200可以通过螺钉安装于底板100上。尾座主体300设置于底板100上，且与四轴组件200间隔相对设置。具体地，尾座主体300可以通过螺钉安装于底板100上，尾座主体300与四轴组件200之间形成一间隔空间，五轴组件400位于该间隔空间内。
请一并参阅图3，五轴组件400包括桥板410、后盖420、五轴电机430、第一传动机构440、五轴转轴450、第二传动机构460、编码器470及五轴法兰盘480，桥板410的相对两端安装于四轴组件200与尾座主体300上，桥板410相对于底板100可摆动。即，桥板410在四轴组件200的驱动下，可以相对于底板100摆动。在本实施方式中，桥板410为一体式桥板410，一体式桥板410的刚性较好。
后盖420盖设于桥板410的底部，后盖420与桥板410共同围成一容置腔体，五轴电机430、第一传动机构440、第二传动机构460和编码器470均位于容置腔体内。因此，不仅可以保护五轴电机430、第一传动机构440和第二传动机构460不被外界水汽和杂质污染，还能够防止五轴电机430外露于桥板410 而与机床主轴产生干涉现象。
五轴转轴450的一端位于容置腔体内，另一端伸出于桥板410，五轴法兰盘480安装于五轴转轴450伸出于桥板410的那端，五轴法兰盘480随五轴转轴450的转动而转动。五轴转轴450呈中空状，方便内部线路或引出。
五轴电机430通过第一传动机构440带动五轴转轴450转动，五轴转轴450进而带动第二传动机构460运动，编码器470可拆卸地设置于第二传动机构460上，编码器470与五轴电机430错开设置。
因此，编码器470与五轴电机430并非一体成型设置，而是分开且错开设置，所以，合理布置五轴电机430、第一传动机构440、第二传动机构460和编码器470在X轴方向上的分布情况，来减小整个五轴组件400在Z轴方向的高度，进而降低五轴法兰盘480的高度，当工件放置于五轴法兰盘480上时，工件的中心高也跟着降低，所以既可以适应Z向行程较大的机床，也可以适应Z向行程较小的机床，通用性提高；并且编码器470与五轴电机430分开设置，编码器470可拆卸地设置于第二传动机构460上，应对客户不同机床不同系统时，可以根据客户需求更换不同协议的编码器470，以实现五轴摇篮转台10与机床的联动性，提高五轴摇篮转台10的通用性。
具体到本实施方式中，第一传动机构440包括第一主动轮441、第一同步带442及第一从动轮443，第一主动轮441设置于五轴电机430的输出端，第一从动轮443设置于五轴转轴450上，第一主动轮441通过第一同步带442带动第一从动轮443转动。因此，第一传动机构440结构简单，对组装人员的能力要求较低，有利于提高组装效率。第二传动机构460包括第二主动轮461、第二同步带462及第二从动轮463，第二主动轮461设置于五轴转轴450上，第二从动轮463可转动地设置于容置腔体内，第二主动轮461通过第二同步带462带动 第二从动轮463转动，编码器470设置于第二从动轮463上。即，第二主动轮461随五轴转轴450的转动而转动。同理，第二传动机构460结构简单，有利于提高组装效率。
当然，在其他的实施方式中，第一传动机构可以包括第一主动齿轮和第一从动齿轮，第一主动齿轮与第一从动齿轮相互啮合，同理，第二传动机构可以包括第二主动齿轮和第二从动齿轮，第二主动齿轮和第二从动齿轮相互啮合。
进一步地，在本实施方式中，第一从动轮443与第二从动轮463同心套设于五轴转轴450外侧，第二主动轮461位于第一从动轮443的上方。这样，当第一从动轮443在第一主动轮441的带动下转动，会带动五轴转轴450转动，进而带动第二主动轮461转动。第二主动轮461位于第一从动轮443的上方，对应地，第二同步带462位于第一同步带442的斜上方，第二从动轮463的高度也会高于第一主动轮441和第一从动轮443且与第一主动轮441和第二主动轮461完全错开设置，则编码器470可以设置于第二从动轮463的下方，合理利用容置腔体内的X轴方向的空间，降低五轴组件400在Z轴方向的整体高度。
进一步地，在本实施方式中，容置腔体内设置有支撑块490，支撑块490设置于桥板410底部，第二从动轮463通过支撑块490可转动地设置于桥板410底部。支撑块490主要用于给第二从动轮463提供安装支撑作用。
进一步地，第二从动轮463的直径小于第二主动轮461的直径，这样当编码器470安装在第二从动轮463上后，可以提高传动精度。例如，第二主动轮461与第二从动轮463的减速比为1：2，即，第二主动轮461的直径是第二从动轮463的直径的两倍，那么当编码器470安装到第二从动轮463上后，可以提高传动精度。
请再次参阅图2，四轴组件200包括四轴主体210、四轴后盖220、四轴电 机230、四轴转轴240及四轴法兰盘250，四轴主体210通过定位键安装于底板100上，四轴后盖220盖设于四轴主体210的一侧，并将四轴电机230密封于四轴后盖220内。四轴电机230用于驱动四轴转轴240转动，四轴法兰盘250设置于四轴转轴240上 。
进一步地，四轴电机230与四轴法兰盘250之间还设置有RV减速机260，四轴转轴240为齿轮轴，四轴组件200采用RV减速机260，质量轻，刚性好。
进一步地，尾座主体300上还设置有摆动法兰盘310，桥板410的一端通过摆动法兰盘310可摆动地设置于尾座主体300上，桥板410的另一端通过四轴法兰盘250可摆动地设置于四轴主体210上。四轴电机230驱动四轴转轴240转动，四轴转轴240转动带动四轴法兰盘250转动，桥板410的一端安装于摆动法兰盘310上，另一端安装于四轴法兰盘250上，所以四轴法兰盘250在四轴转轴240的带动下转动时，带动四轴法兰盘250转动，进而带动桥板410摆动，桥板410摆动进而带动五轴组件400整体相对于底板100摆动。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种五轴摇篮转台，其特征在于，包括：
    底板；
    四轴组件，设置于所述底板上；
    尾座主体，设置于所述底板上，且与所述四轴组件间隔相对设置；及
    五轴组件，包括桥板、后盖、五轴电机、第一传动机构、五轴转轴、第二传动机构、编码器及五轴法兰盘，所述桥板的相对两端安装于所述四轴组件与所述尾座主体上，且所述桥板相对于所述底板可摆动，所述后盖盖设于所述桥板的底部，所述后盖与所述桥板共同围成一容置腔体，所述五轴电机、第一传动机构、第二传动机构和编码器均位于所述容置腔体内，所述五轴转轴的一端位于所述容置腔体内，另一端伸出于所述桥板，所述五轴法兰盘安装于所述五轴转轴伸出于所述桥板的那端，所述五轴电机通过所述第一传动机构带动所述五轴转轴转动，所述五轴转轴进而带动所述第二传动机构运动，所述编码器可拆卸地设置于所述第二传动机构上，所述编码器与所述五轴电机错开设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的五轴摇篮转台，其特征在于，所述第一传动机构包括第一主动轮、第一同步带及第一从动轮，所述第一主动轮设置于所述五轴电机的输出端，所述第一从动轮设置于所述五轴转轴上，所述第一主动轮通过所述第一同步带带动所述第一从动轮转动，所述第二传动机构包括第二主动轮、第二同步带及第二从动轮，所述第二主动轮设置于所述五轴转轴上，所述第二从动轮可转动地设置于所述容置腔体内，所述第二主动轮通过所述第二同步带带动所述第二从动轮转动，所述编码器设置于所述第二从动轮上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的五轴摇篮转台，其特征在于，所述第一从动轮与所述第二主动轮同心套设于所述五轴转轴外侧，所述第二主动轮位于所述第一从动轮的上方。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的五轴摇篮转台，其特征在于，所述容置腔体内设置有支撑块，所述支撑块设置于所述桥板底部，所述第二从动轮通过所述支撑块可转动地设置于所述桥板底部。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的五轴摇篮转台，其特征在于，所述第二从动轮的直径小于所述第二主动轮的直径。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的五轴摇篮转台，其特征在于，所述第二主动轮与所述第二从动轮的减速比为1：2。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的五轴摇篮转台，其特征在于，所述五轴转轴呈中空状。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的五轴摇篮转台，其特征在于，所述桥板为一体式桥板，所述桥板的一端通过摆动法兰盘可摆动地设置于所述尾座主体上，所述桥板的另一端通过四轴法兰盘可摆动地设置于四轴主体上。
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