WO2022203007A1 - 分散安定性評価方法及び分散安定性比較方法 - Google Patents
分散安定性評価方法及び分散安定性比較方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022203007A1 WO2022203007A1 PCT/JP2022/014044 JP2022014044W WO2022203007A1 WO 2022203007 A1 WO2022203007 A1 WO 2022203007A1 JP 2022014044 W JP2022014044 W JP 2022014044W WO 2022203007 A1 WO2022203007 A1 WO 2022203007A1
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- reflecting surface
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- frequency characteristics
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
- G01N15/042—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions by centrifuging and investigating centrifugates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3581—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation
- G01N21/3586—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation by Terahertz time domain spectroscopy [THz-TDS]
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- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3577—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
- G01N15/042—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions by centrifuging and investigating centrifugates
- G01N2015/045—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions by centrifuging and investigating centrifugates by optical analysis
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a dispersion stability evaluation method and a dispersion stability comparison method.
- the liquid surface position of the sedimentation portion may be measured visually by the operator, for example.
- the accuracy of the dispersion stability evaluation may be lowered as a result of the large variation in the measurement results regarding the liquid surface position of the precipitated portion.
- Patent Document 2 As a method for improving the accuracy of dispersion stability evaluation, a technique of specifying the liquid surface position of the precipitated portion by light incidence is known (see Patent Document 2, for example).
- the liquid surface position of the precipitated portion is specified by changing the incident position of light with respect to the sample (by sweeping the light with respect to the sample).
- a mechanism or the like for changing the incident position of light is required, and as a result, the entire device may become complicated.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a dispersion stability evaluation method and a dispersion stability comparison method that can evaluate the dispersion stability of dispersoids with high accuracy with a simple configuration.
- a dispersion stability evaluation method is a method for evaluating the dispersion stability of dispersoids dispersed in a dispersion medium, and includes a first step of holding a sample containing a dispersion medium and dispersoids on a reflecting surface. and a second step of making the terahertz wave incident on the reflecting surface from the opposite side of the sample and detecting the terahertz wave reflected by the reflecting surface. A plurality of detection results corresponding to a plurality of times separated from each other are acquired while maintaining a state in which movement is possible with the
- the second step of this dispersion stability evaluation method a plurality of detection results corresponding to a plurality of times separated from each other are obtained while maintaining the state in which the dispersoid can move toward the reflecting surface.
- the moving speed of the particle toward the reflecting surface can be grasped based on the time-dependent change in the frequency characteristic calculated using the detection result, and the dispersion stability of the particle can be evaluated.
- the detection result described above is obtained by the incidence and detection of the terahertz wave. Therefore, the dispersion stability of the dispersoids can be evaluated with higher accuracy than in the case of visual measurement, for example.
- a terahertz wave is incident on the reflecting surface from the opposite side of the sample, and the terahertz wave reflected by the reflecting surface is detected to evaluate the dispersion stability of the dispersoid as described above. is doing.
- This makes it possible to evaluate the dispersion stability of dispersoids with a simple configuration, compared to, for example, the case where the incident position of light on the sample is changed.
- the dispersion stability of a dispersoid can be evaluated with high accuracy with a simple configuration.
- the above dispersion stability evaluation method includes a third step of calculating a plurality of frequency characteristics corresponding to each of a plurality of times based on each of the plurality of detection results, and based on the change over time of the plurality of frequency characteristics, and a fourth step of grasping the moving speed of the dispersoid toward the reflecting surface. This makes it possible to evaluate the dispersion stability of the particles based on the moving speed of the particles toward the reflecting surface.
- an absorption spectrum of the sample with respect to the terahertz wave may be calculated as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics.
- a refractive index spectrum of the sample with respect to the terahertz wave may be calculated as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics.
- the absorbance of the sample with respect to the terahertz wave may be calculated as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics.
- the absorbance can be used to evaluate the dispersion stability of the dispersoid.
- the configuration of the light source and the like of the device can be simplified, and the dispersion stability of the dispersoid can be evaluated with a simpler configuration.
- values within the peak frequency range corresponding to the polydispersity may be used as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics.
- values within a base frequency range different from the peak frequency range corresponding to the polydispersity may be used as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics.
- the dispersion stability evaluation method described above further includes a fifth step of stirring the sample while the sample is held on the reflecting surface, and the strength of stirring may be adjusted in the fifth step.
- the dispersoids can be dispersed in the dispersion medium by increasing the stirring strength, and the dispersoids can be dispersed on the reflecting surface by decreasing the stirring strength. You can move towards it. Therefore, it is possible to easily maintain a state in which the dispersoid can move toward the reflecting surface.
- the dispersion medium may be liquid, and the dispersoid may be solid. This makes it possible to evaluate the dispersion stability of the solid dispersed in the liquid.
- the sample is held so that the sample faces the reflecting surface from above in the vertical direction. may be maintained.
- the specific gravity of the dispersoid is larger than that of the dispersion medium, the movement of the dispersoid to the reflecting surface can be easily realized.
- a dispersion stability comparison method includes the steps of performing the dispersion stability evaluation method described above for each of a plurality of samples, and comparing the dispersion stability of each of the plurality of samples. .
- the dispersion stability of each of a plurality of samples can be compared with high accuracy with a simple configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a spectroscopic device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the peripheral structure of the placement section shown in FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the placement portion and holder shown in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a stirring state of the sample accommodated in the accommodation space of the holder.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a plurality of frequency characteristics respectively corresponding to a plurality of times.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing temporal changes in frequency characteristics.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing temporal changes in frequency characteristics of each of a plurality of samples.
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the dispersion stability comparison method of the embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a spectroscopic device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the peripheral structure of the placement section shown in FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the placement portion and holder shown in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing frequency characteristics of the dispersion medium and the sample in the first stirring state.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a plurality of frequency characteristics corresponding to a plurality of times.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the second derivative of the frequency characteristics shown in FIG. 10.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing temporal changes in frequency characteristics.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing temporal changes in relative values of frequency characteristics.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing temporal changes in relative values of frequency characteristics of a plurality of samples.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing temporal changes in relative values of frequency characteristics of a plurality of samples.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing changes over time in relative values of frequency characteristics.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing temporal changes in relative values of frequency characteristics of a plurality of samples.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing frequency characteristics corresponding to a plurality of times.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing temporal changes in relative values of frequency characteristics.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing temporal changes in relative values of frequency characteristics of a plurality of samples.
- FIG. 21 is a configuration diagram of a spectroscopic device of a modified example.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a method of determining frequencies when the spectroscopic device shown in FIG. 21 is used.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a method of calculating frequency characteristics.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing temporal changes in relative values of frequency characteristics.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing temporal changes in relative values of frequency characteristics.
- the spectroscopic device 1 includes an output section 20, an arrangement section 30, an adjustment section 40, a reflection section 50, a detection section 60, and a processing section .
- the spectroscopic device 1 is a device for performing an attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (ATR) using terahertz waves.
- ATR attenuated total reflection spectroscopy
- the output unit 20 outputs the terahertz wave T.
- the output section 20 has a light source 21, a branch section 22, a chopper 23, a plurality of mirrors M1 to M3, and a terahertz wave generation element .
- the light source 21 outputs light by pulse oscillation.
- the light source 21 outputs, for example, pulsed laser light with a pulse width of approximately femtoseconds. That is, the light source 21 is a femtosecond pulse laser light source.
- the branching unit 22 is, for example, a beam splitter or the like.
- the splitter 22 splits the light output from the light source 21 into the pump light P1 and the probe light P2.
- the chopper 23 alternately repeats passage and blocking of the pump light P1 output from the splitter 22 at a constant cycle.
- Each of the mirrors M1 to M3 sequentially reflects the pump light P1 that has passed through the chopper .
- the pump light P1 that has passed through the chopper 23 is incident on the terahertz wave generating element 24 after being sequentially reflected by the mirrors M1 to M3.
- the optical system of the pump light P1 from the splitter 22 to the terahertz wave generating element 24 will be referred to as "pump optical system”.
- the terahertz wave generating element 24 outputs the terahertz wave T upon receiving the pump light P1 reflected by the mirror M3.
- the terahertz wave generating element 24 includes, for example, a nonlinear optical crystal (such as ZnTe), a photoconductive antenna element (such as an optical switch using GaAs), a semiconductor (such as InAs), or a superconductor.
- a nonlinear optical crystal such as ZnTe
- a photoconductive antenna element such as an optical switch using GaAs
- a semiconductor such as InAs
- the terahertz wave T has intermediate properties between light waves and radio waves.
- a terahertz wave T is an electromagnetic wave having a frequency corresponding to an intermediate range between light waves and radio waves.
- the terahertz wave T has a frequency of about 0.01 THz to 100 THz.
- the terahertz wave T is generated at a constant repetition period and has a pulse width of several picoseconds. That is, the terahertz wave generating element 24 generates a pulsed light train including a plurality of terahertz waves T arranged at predetermined time intervals (pulse intervals).
- the optical system of the terahertz wave T from the terahertz wave generating element 24 to the detector 61 to be described later is referred to as "terahertz wave optical system”.
- the placement unit 30 is, for example, a so-called aplanatic prism or the like.
- the arrangement portion 30 has an incident surface 30a, an exit surface 30b, a reflecting surface 30c, a first sub-reflecting surface 30d and a second sub-reflecting surface 30e.
- the entrance surface 30a and the exit surface 30b are parallel to each other.
- the reflective surface 30c is perpendicular to the entrance surface 30a and the exit surface 30b. In this embodiment, the reflecting surface 30c faces upward in the vertical direction.
- a sample S is placed on the reflecting surface 30c.
- the first sub-reflecting surface 30d and the second sub-reflecting surface 30e are surfaces of the arrangement portion 30 opposite to the reflecting surface 30c, and form recesses.
- a surface formed by the first sub-reflecting surface 30d and the second sub-reflecting surface 30e is recessed toward the reflecting surface 30c.
- the placement section 30 is transparent to the terahertz wave T output from the terahertz wave generating element 24 .
- the refractive index of the arrangement portion 30 is higher than the refractive index of the sample S.
- the material of the placement portion 30 is, for example, silicon.
- the terahertz wave T that has entered the incident surface 30a of the placement section 30 is sequentially reflected by the first sub-reflecting surface 30d, the reflecting surface 30c, and the second sub-reflecting surface 30e, and then output to the outside from the exit surface 30b.
- Information about the sample S in the terahertz wave band can be obtained by detecting the attenuated reflectance of the evanescent wave leaked out when the terahertz wave T is totally reflected on the reflecting surface 30c.
- the adjusting section 40 has a plurality of mirrors M4 to M8.
- the probe light P2 output from the splitter 22 is sequentially reflected by each of the mirrors M4 to M8 and further reflected by the reflector 50, and then enters the detector 61.
- Reflector 50 is a mirror.
- the optical system of the probe light P2 which reaches the detector 61 from the branching part 22 is called "probe optical system.”
- the adjustment unit 40 adjusts the optical path length between the mirrors M4 and M5 and the optical path length between the mirrors M6 and M7 by moving the mirrors M5 and M6. This adjusts the optical path length of the probe optical system.
- the adjustment unit 40 determines the optical path length obtained by adding the optical path length of the terahertz wave optical system from the terahertz wave generation element 24 to the detector 61 to the optical path length of the pump optical system from the branching unit 22 to the terahertz wave generation element 24. ” and “the optical path length of the probe optical system from the branching unit 22 to the detector 61 ” is adjusted.
- the detection unit 60 detects the terahertz wave T output from the placement unit 30 .
- the detection section 60 has a detector 61 , an I/V conversion amplifier 62 , a lock-in amplifier 63 and an A/D converter 64 .
- the detector 61 detects the correlation between the terahertz wave T and the probe light P2. .
- the detector 61 includes a photoconductive antenna or the like.
- photocarriers are generated in the detector 61.
- FIG. When the terahertz wave T is incident on the detector 61 in which photocarriers are generated, the photocarriers flow according to the electric field of the terahertz wave T, and as a result, the current is output from the detector 61 .
- the amount of current output from the detector 61 depends on the electric field strength of the terahertz wave T.
- the current output from the detector 61 is input to the I/V conversion amplifier 62. After converting the current output from the detector 61 into a voltage, the I/V conversion amplifier 62 amplifies the voltage and outputs it to the lock-in amplifier 63 .
- the lock-in amplifier 63 synchronously detects the electric signal output from the I/V conversion amplifier 62 at the repetition frequency of passage and interruption of the pump light P1 in the chopper 23 .
- A/D converter 64 converts the analog signal from lock-in amplifier 63 into a digital signal.
- a signal output from the lock-in amplifier 63 has a value that depends on the electric field strength of the terahertz wave T. FIG.
- the detector 60 detects the correlation between the terahertz wave T and the probe light P2, and detects the electric field amplitude of the terahertz wave T.
- the detector The timing difference between the terahertz wave T input to 61 and the probe light P2 is adjusted.
- the pulse width of the terahertz wave T is about picoseconds, while the pulse width of the probe light P2 is about femtoseconds. That is, the pulse width of the probe light P2 is narrower than that of the terahertz wave T by several digits.
- the time waveform of the electric field amplitude of the terahertz wave T (hereinafter referred to as "electric field waveform") is obtained.
- electric field waveform the time waveform of the electric field amplitude of the terahertz wave T
- the adjustment unit 40 sweeps the incident timing of the probe light P2 to the detector 61 a plurality of times. This results in multiple electric field waveforms. That is, the detection unit 60 acquires data including a plurality of electric field waveforms (detection results) respectively corresponding to a plurality of times separated from each other.
- the processing unit 70 acquires information about the sample S based on the multiple electric field waveforms acquired by the detection unit 60 . Specifically, the processing unit 70 calculates frequency characteristics corresponding to each electric field waveform based on the signal output from the A/D converter 64 .
- Frequency characteristics refer to optical characteristics with respect to frequency. Optical properties include light absorbency, light reflectivity, light transmittance, and the like. A frequency characteristic is, for example, an absorption spectrum.
- the processing unit 70 acquires information about the sample S based on each frequency characteristic. Thereby, the spectroscopic device 1 measures the change in the sample S over time.
- the processing unit 70 is composed of a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and the like.
- the spectroscopic device 1 further includes a stirring section 10 as a peripheral structure of the placement section 30 .
- the stirring section 10 has a substrate 11 , a pair of supports 14 , a holder 15 , a sealing member 16 , a mounting section 17 and a stirrer 18 .
- the substrate 11 holds the placement portion 30 .
- the reflecting surface 30c (see FIG. 1) of the placement portion 30 intersects the Z-axis direction (vertical direction). Reflective surface 30 c protrudes from surface 11 a of substrate 11 .
- An incident surface 30a (see FIG. 1) of the arrangement portion 30 intersects the X-axis direction.
- the terahertz wave T can be incident on the incident surface 30a of the arrangement portion and can be emitted from the emitting surface 30b on the back surface 11b side of the substrate 11.
- FIG. 1 The terahertz wave T can be incident on the incident surface 30a of the arrangement portion and can be emitted from the emitting surface 30b on the back surface 11
- Each support 14 is fixed to the surface 11 a of the substrate 11 .
- the pair of supports 14 are arranged on both sides of the arrangement portion 30 in the Y-axis direction.
- Each support 14 has, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped shape whose length direction is the X-axis direction.
- a hole 14b is formed in a mounting surface 14a of each support 14 on the side opposite to the substrate 11 .
- the holder 15 is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped container.
- the holder 15 includes an accommodation space 15c (see FIG. 3) that accommodates the sample S.
- the holder 15 is arranged on the reflecting surface 30c of the arrangement portion 30 between the pair of supports 14.
- the sealing member 16 is arranged between the holder 15 and the reflecting surface 30c.
- the mounting portion 17 includes a plate 171 , a cylinder 172 and a pair of fixing members 173 .
- the plate 171 has, for example, a rectangular plate shape whose length direction is the Y-axis direction and whose thickness direction is the Z-axis direction.
- the width of the plate 171 in the X-axis direction is substantially the same as the width of the support 14 in the X-axis direction. (the end face on the side opposite to the arrangement portion 30 in the Y-axis direction).
- the cylinder 172 penetrates the plate 171 .
- the tubular body 172 has, for example, a rectangular tubular shape.
- the cylindrical body 172 extends along the Z-axis direction.
- the width of the cylinder 172 in the Y-axis direction is smaller than the distance between the pair of supports 14 in the Y-axis direction.
- the cylinder 172 is fixed to the plate 171 .
- the holder 15 is housed in the internal space of the cylindrical body 172 .
- the width of the internal space of the cylinder 172 in the X-axis direction is slightly larger than the width of the holder 15 in the X-axis direction.
- the width of the internal space of the cylinder 172 in the Y-axis direction is slightly larger than the width of the holder 15 in the Y-axis direction.
- the holder 15 can be inserted into the internal space of the cylindrical body 172 in the Z-axis direction.
- a pair of fixing members 173 are provided on both sides of the cylinder 172 in the Y-axis direction. Each fixing member 173 penetrates the plate 171 .
- the plate 171 is mounted on the mounting surface 14 a of each support 14 with the holder 15 inserted into the internal space of the cylinder 172 .
- Each fixing member 173 is fixed in a hole 14b of each support 14. As shown in FIG. Thereby, the holder 15 is attached to the arrangement portion 30 .
- the stirrer 18 has a shaft 181 , a propeller 182 , a drive unit 183 and an adjustment member 184 .
- the shaft 181 extends along the Z-axis direction.
- Propeller 182 is fixed to one end of shaft 181 .
- the propeller 182 is arranged in the accommodation space 15c of the holder 15 (see FIG. 3).
- a drive unit 183 is provided at the other end of the shaft 181 .
- the drive unit 183 has a motor or the like for rotating the shaft 181 .
- the adjustment member 184 is provided outside the drive unit 183 .
- the adjusting member 184 is a knob for controlling the number of rotations of the motor. The operator can control the number of rotations of the motor by rotating the adjusting member 184 .
- the holder 15 is arranged above the arrangement portion 30 in the Z-axis direction.
- the holder 15 includes main surfaces 15a and 15b facing opposite sides in the Z-axis direction.
- the main surface 15a faces the reflective surface 30c of the arrangement portion 30 in the Z-axis direction.
- the main surface 15a is in contact with the reflecting surface 30c.
- the holder 15 includes a housing space 15c.
- the accommodation space 15c includes a first tubular portion 15g, a second tubular portion 15e, and a tapered portion 15d.
- the first tubular portion 15g opens to the main surface 15b.
- the second tubular portion 15e opens to the main surface 15a.
- Each of the first tubular portion 15g and the second tubular portion 15e has, for example, a cylindrical shape.
- the width of the second cylindrical portion 15e is smaller than the width of the first cylindrical portion 15g.
- the tapered portion 15d is positioned between the first tubular portion 15g and the second tubular portion 15e.
- the tapered portion 15d is connected to an end portion of the first cylindrical portion 15g on the side of the second cylindrical portion 15e and an end portion of the second cylindrical portion 15e on the side of the first cylindrical portion 15g.
- the tapered portion 15d has a truncated cone shape that narrows from the first cylindrical portion 15g toward the second cylindrical portion 15e.
- the holder 15 includes a recess 15f formed in the main surface 15a.
- the sealing member 16 is arranged in the recess 15f.
- the sealing member 16 includes through holes. The width of the through hole of the sealing member 16 is substantially the same as the width of the second cylindrical portion 15e. The sealing member 16 seals the gap between the holder 15 and the arrangement portion 30 .
- a sample S is accommodated in the accommodation space 15c.
- the sample S is held by the holder 15 so as to face the reflecting surface 30c from above in the Z-axis direction.
- the sample S is in contact with the reflecting surface 30c.
- the terahertz wave T is reflected at a portion of the reflecting surface 30c that is in contact with the sample S.
- the detection result obtained by detecting the terahertz wave T reflected by the reflecting surface 30c is the result regarding the sample S at a position close to the reflecting surface 30c.
- the sample S contains a dispersion medium Sa and a dispersoid Sb.
- the dispersion medium Sa is liquid.
- the dispersion medium Sa is water, for example.
- a dispersant or the like is mixed in the dispersion medium Sa.
- the dispersant is, for example, a surfactant.
- the dispersoid Sb is a suspended substance that is difficult to dissolve in the dispersion medium Sa.
- the dispersoid Sb is solid.
- the dispersoid Sb is, for example, powder.
- the specific gravity of the dispersoid Sb is greater than the specific gravity of the dispersion medium Sa.
- the strength of stirring the sample S becomes relatively high (hereinafter referred to as the "first stirring state”).
- the dispersoid Sb is dispersed in the dispersion medium Sa.
- the first stirring state a state in which the dispersoids Sb are relatively uniformly dispersed in the dispersion medium Sa (hereinafter referred to as "dispersed state") is maintained.
- the amount of the particles Sb contained in the sample S at positions near the reflecting surface 30c in this embodiment, the second cylindrical portion 15e and the tapered portion 15d) is relatively small. Detection results can be acquired.
- the dispersoid Sb can move toward the reflecting surface 30c.
- the particles Sb settle toward the reflecting surface 30c in the Z-axis direction.
- the dispersoid Sb is deposited on the reflecting surface 30c.
- the second stirring state a state in which the particle Sb moves toward the reflecting surface 30c (hereinafter referred to as a "moving state") is maintained.
- the second stirring state is a state in which the propeller 182 stops rotating.
- the moving state is maintained by stopping rotation of the propeller 182 .
- the amount of particles Sb contained in the sample S at a position close to the reflecting surface 30c increases with time, so detection results close to particles Sb can be obtained.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the sample S when the first stirring state is shifted to the second stirring state.
- Each of the frequency characteristics L1, L2, and L3 shown in FIG. 5 is calculated based on detection results detected at a plurality of times separated from each other.
- the vertical axis represents optical characteristics
- the horizontal axis represents frequency.
- the optical property is the absorption coefficient. That is, the frequency characteristics L1, L2, L3 are absorption spectra.
- the frequency characteristic L1 corresponds to the first stirring state.
- Frequency characteristics L2 and L3 correspond to the second stirring state.
- the frequency characteristic L1 smoothly increases as the frequency increases. That is, the frequency characteristic L1 does not include a peak in the peak frequency range F. This is because the sample S is in a dispersed state (for example, see (a) of FIG. 4) in the first stirring state, so that a detection result close to that of the dispersion medium Sa is obtained.
- the peak frequency range F corresponds to the particle Sb, and is a frequency band corresponding to a unique peak derived from the particle Sb.
- the frequency characteristic L2 includes a peak P2 in the peak frequency range F
- the frequency characteristic L3 includes a peak P3 in the peak frequency range F. This is because, in the second stirring state, the sample S is in a moving state (eg, see (b) of FIG.
- the magnitude of peak P3 is greater than the magnitude of peak P2. This is because the sample S is in a moving state in the second stirring state, so the amount of the dispersoids Sb contained in the sample S at a position close to the reflecting surface 30c increases over time.
- the “peak” of the frequency characteristics refers to the portion of the frequency characteristics where the rate of change of the optical characteristics changes as the frequency changes.
- the point showing the optical characteristic corresponding to a predetermined frequency between one frequency and another frequency corresponds to one frequency.
- the portion between one frequency and the other is the peak.
- the baseline may be straight or curved.
- the rate of change of the optical characteristic changes from a positive number to a negative number according to the change in frequency, or a negative number.
- that portion is the peak of the frequency characteristic.
- Peak size refers to the degree to which the peak is separated from the baseline.
- the magnitude of the peak is large when the peak is far away from the baseline. When the peak is a small distance from the baseline, the peak magnitude is small.
- the magnitude of the peak is large when the maximum distance between the peak and the baseline is large.
- the magnitude of the peak is small when the maximum distance between the peak and baseline is small.
- the frequencies corresponding to the maximum distances may be the same or different.
- the magnitude of the peak is large when the area between the peak and the baseline is large. When the area between the peak and baseline is small, the peak magnitude is small.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing changes in peak magnitude over time.
- the vertical axis is the second derivative of the frequency characteristic in the peak frequency range F (hereinafter simply referred to as “the second derivative in the peak frequency range F”), and the horizontal axis is time.
- an increase in the second derivative in the peak frequency range F means a decrease in peak magnitude
- a decrease in the second derivative in the peak frequency range F means an increase in peak magnitude.
- T0 second stirring state
- transition time the second stirring state in the peak frequency range F
- the derivative tapers off over time.
- the magnitude of the peak gradually increases over time. This is because the sample S is in a moving state during the period after the transition time T0, so the amount of particles Sb contained in the sample S at a position near the reflecting surface 30c increases over time.
- the second derivative in the peak frequency range F maintains a constant value after gradually decreasing over time. That is, in the period after the transition time T0, the magnitude of the peak gradually increases over time and then maintains a constant value. This is because, as a result of depositing a predetermined amount of particle Sb at the position near the reflecting surface 30c, the amount of the particle Sb contained in the sample S at the position near the reflecting surface 30c does not change over time.
- the moving speed of the particle Sb can be grasped. Dispersion stability can be evaluated. As the period from the transition time T0 to the deposition time T increases, the moving speed of the particles Sb decreases. The smaller the moving speed of the particle Sb, the better the dispersion stability of the particle Sb. In other words, the smaller the movement speed of the particle Sb, the more stable the dispersed state of the particle Sb in the dispersion medium Sa.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing changes over time in the magnitude of each peak of a plurality of samples S1, S2, and S3.
- the vertical axis is the second derivative in the peak frequency range F
- the horizontal axis is time.
- the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T1 for sample S1 is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T2 for sample S2
- the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T2 is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T2 for sample S2.
- the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S1 is lower than the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S2, and the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S2 is lower than the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S3.
- the dispersion stability of the particles Sb of the samples S1, S2, and S3 can be compared by comparing the moving speeds of the particles Sb of the samples S1, S2, and S3. can.
- the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S1 is smaller than the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S2
- the dispersion stability of the particle Sb of the sample S1 is equal to the dispersion stability of the particle Sb of the sample S2. better than sex.
- the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S2 is lower than the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S3, the dispersion stability of the particle Sb of the sample S2 is superior to that of the particle Sb of the sample S3.
- a sample S is prepared (step S1).
- step S ⁇ b>1 the sample S is held on the reflecting surface 30 c of the placing section 30 .
- step S1 the sample S is held so as to face the reflecting surface 30c from above in the Z-axis direction.
- the holder 15 is attached to the arrangement portion 30 by the attachment portion 17 .
- the stirrer 18 is arranged so that the propeller 182 is positioned in the housing space 15c of the holding body 15 .
- Step S1 corresponds to the first step.
- step S2 the rotation speed of the propeller 182 is maintained to bring the sample S into the first stirring state.
- step S2 is part of the fifth step.
- the terahertz wave T is incident on the reflecting surface 30c from the side opposite to the sample S, and the terahertz wave T reflected by the reflecting surface 30c is detected (step S3).
- the output unit 20 causes the terahertz wave T to be incident on the incident surface 30a of the arrangement unit 30, and the detection unit 60 detects the terahertz wave T emitted from the emission surface 30b of the arrangement unit 30 and the probe reflected by the reflection unit 50.
- step S3 the electric field waveform of the terahertz wave T is obtained.
- step S3 the terahertz waves T are continuously incident on the reflecting surface 30c, and the terahertz waves T reflected by the reflecting surface 30c are continuously detected.
- step S3 a plurality of electric field waveforms corresponding to a plurality of times separated from each other are obtained.
- step S3 a plurality of electric field waveforms are acquired by sweeping the incident timing of the probe light P2 to the detector 61 by the adjustment unit 40 a plurality of times.
- step S3 the incident position of the terahertz wave T on the incident surface 30a is maintained. That is, in step S3, the incident position of the terahertz wave T with respect to the sample S is not changed.
- Step S3 corresponds to the second step.
- step S4 the strength of stirring is adjusted (step S4).
- step S4 the stirring state of the sample S is shifted from the first stirring state to the second stirring state.
- the strength of stirring in the second stirring state is less than the strength of stirring in the first stirring state.
- step S4 the rotation speed of the propeller 182 is reduced.
- step S4 of this embodiment the rotation of the propeller 182 is stopped.
- the particle Sb maintains a state in which it can move toward the reflecting surface 30c.
- step S4 the particle Sb maintains a state in which it can sink toward the reflecting surface 30c in the Z-axis direction.
- Step S4 is part of the fifth step.
- step S3 the terahertz wave T is incident and detected while maintaining the dispersoid Sb movable toward the reflecting surface 30c.
- step S3 is continuously performed during the respective implementation periods of steps S1, S2 and S4. In other words, a plurality of detection results corresponding to a plurality of times are acquired during any of the execution periods of steps S1, S2, and S4.
- step S3 a plurality of detection results in the first stirring state and a plurality of detection results in the second stirring state are obtained.
- step S5 a plurality of frequency characteristics corresponding to each of a plurality of times are calculated (obtained) (step S5).
- step S5 an absorption spectrum of the sample S with respect to the terahertz wave T is calculated as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics.
- the frequency characteristics of the sample S in the first stirring state substantially match the frequency characteristics of the dispersion medium Sa in the first stirring state. This is because the sample S is in a dispersed state in the first stirring state, and thus a detection result close to that of the dispersion medium Sa is obtained.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a plurality of frequency characteristics obtained in step S5. As shown in FIG. 10, the multiple frequency characteristics change over time. Moreover, in the peak frequency range F, the peak of the frequency characteristic appears with the lapse of time.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the second derivative of the frequency characteristics shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 11, the second derivative in the peak frequency range F changes over time.
- the absolute value of the second derivative of each frequency characteristic is less than or equal to a predetermined value. In this embodiment, the absolute value of the second derivative in the base frequency range B is approximately zero.
- each frequency characteristic does not contain a peak (see Figure 10).
- a base frequency range B is a frequency band corresponding to the baseline of the frequency characteristics.
- the base frequency range B is a region different from the peak frequency range F.
- Step S5 corresponds to the third step.
- step S6 the moving speed of the particle Sb toward the reflecting surface 30c is grasped based on the temporal changes of the plurality of frequency characteristics.
- step S6 values within the peak frequency range F are used as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics.
- step S6 the magnitude of the peak of the frequency characteristics is used as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics.
- step S6 of the present embodiment the second derivative in the peak frequency range F is used as the magnitude of the peak.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing temporal changes in the second derivative in the peak frequency range F. FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, after the transition time T0, the second derivative in the peak frequency range F gradually decreases over time.
- the vertical axis is the relative value of the second derivative in the peak frequency range F (hereinafter referred to as "peak relative value"), and the horizontal axis is time.
- the peak relative value is calculated by dividing the absolute value of the second derivative in the peak frequency range F by the maximum value among the absolute values of the plurality of second derivatives in the peak frequency range F.
- the maximum relative peak value is one.
- the peak relative value gradually increases over time in the period after transition time T0.
- the peak relative value maintains a constant value after reaching the reference value C. That is, the deposition time T is the time when the peak relative value reaches the reference value C.
- the reference value C is 0.8, for example.
- step S6 the period from the transition time T0 to the deposition time T is grasped as the moving speed of the particles Sb.
- Step S6 corresponds to the fourth step.
- Each of the above steps corresponds to a dispersion stability evaluation method for evaluating the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb dispersed in the dispersion medium Sa.
- steps S1 to S6 are performed for each of a plurality of samples S. Subsequently, the dispersion stability of each of the samples S is compared (step S7).
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing temporal changes in peak relative values of samples S10, S20, S30, and S40 as a plurality of samples S.
- the dispersion medium Sa of samples S10, S20, S30 and S40 is water
- the dispersoid Sb of samples S10, S20, S30 and S40 is theophylline monohydrate.
- the particle size of the dispersoid Sb is, for example, 63 ⁇ m or less.
- the dispersant of sample S10 is hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- the dispersant of sample S20 is hydroxypropylcellulose
- the dispersant of sample S30 is a poloxamer.
- Samples S10, S20 and S30 have the same dispersant concentration.
- Sample S40 does not contain a dispersant.
- the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T10 for sample S10 is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T20 for sample S20, and the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T20 is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T20 for sample S20. is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T30 for sample S30, and the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T30 is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T40 for sample S40.
- the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S10 is lower than the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S20
- the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S20 is lower than the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S30
- the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S30 is smaller than the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S40.
- the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb of the sample S10 is superior to the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb of the sample S20, and the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb of the sample S20 is It can be seen that the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb of the sample S30 is superior to that of the dispersoid Sb of the sample S30, and that the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb of the sample S30 is superior to that of the dispersoid Sb of the sample S40.
- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is superior to hydroxypropyl cellulose
- hydroxypropyl cellulose is superior to poloxamer
- poloxamer is superior to water (without dispersant) as a dispersant function.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing temporal changes in peak relative values of samples S50, S60, and S70 as a plurality of samples S.
- the dispersion medium Sa of samples S50, S60 and S70 is water, and the dispersoid Sb of samples S50, S60 and S70 is nifedipine.
- the dispersant of sample S50 is hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, the dispersant of sample S60 is hydroxypropylcellulose, and the dispersant of sample S70 is a poloxamer.
- the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T50 for sample S50 is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T60 for sample S60, and the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T60 is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T60 for sample S60. is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T70 of sample S70. That is, the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S50 is lower than the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S60, and the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S60 is lower than the moving speed of the particle Sb of the sample S70.
- the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb of the sample S50 is superior to the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb of the sample S60, and the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb of the sample S60 is It can be seen that the dispersion stability is superior to that of the dispersoid Sb of sample S70. That is, even when the dispersoid Sb is nifedipine, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is superior to hydroxypropylcellulose as a dispersant, and hydroxypropylcellulose is superior to poloxamer.
- Each of the above steps corresponds to a dispersion stability comparison method for comparing the dispersion stability of a plurality of samples S.
- step S3 (second step), a plurality of detection results corresponding to a plurality of times separated from each other are obtained while maintaining the state in which the particle Sb can move toward the reflecting surface 30c. have obtained.
- the detection result described above is obtained by the incidence and detection of the terahertz wave T. FIG. Therefore, the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb can be evaluated with high accuracy, compared with the case of visual measurement, for example.
- step S3 the terahertz wave T is incident on the reflecting surface 30c from the side opposite to the sample S, and the terahertz wave T reflected by the reflecting surface 30c is detected.
- Dispersion stability is evaluated. That is, in step S3, the incident position of the terahertz wave T with respect to the sample S is maintained.
- the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb can be evaluated with a simpler configuration than in the case where the incident position of the light on the sample is changed (light is swept on the sample) (see, for example, Patent Document 2). can.
- the dispersion stability of the particle Sb can be evaluated with high accuracy with a simple configuration.
- step S3 of the dispersion stability evaluation method of the present disclosure since the terahertz wave T is incident on the arrangement unit 30, deterioration of the measurement result due to dirt on the holder 15 or air bubbles in the sample S is suppressed. be done.
- the incident position of light on the sample when changing the incident position of light on the sample (see Patent Document 2, for example), it may be required to secure a light sweep range.
- the liquid surface positions of the sedimentation portions may also be different.
- the size of the dispersoids of one sample is different from the size of the dispersoids of the other sample, the liquid surface position of the precipitated portion of the one sample and the liquid surface position of the precipitated portion of the other sample are different.
- step S3 of the dispersion stability evaluation method of the present disclosure since the incident position of the terahertz wave T with respect to the sample S is maintained, the dispersion stability of dispersoids having different sizes can be easily evaluated.
- the dispersion stability evaluation method includes step S5 (third step) of calculating a plurality of frequency characteristics corresponding to each of a plurality of times based on each of the plurality of detection results, and based on changes over time of the plurality of frequency characteristics. and a step S6 (fourth step) of grasping the moving speed of the particle Sb toward the reflecting surface 30c. Thereby, the dispersion stability of the particle Sb can be evaluated based on the moving speed of the particle Sb toward the reflecting surface 30c.
- the moving speed of the particle Sb can be can be quantitatively grasped, and the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb can be quantitatively evaluated.
- step S5 the absorption spectrum of the sample S with respect to the terahertz wave T is calculated as each of the multiple frequency characteristics. Thereby, the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb can be evaluated using the absorption spectrum.
- step S6 values within the peak frequency range F corresponding to the particle size Sb are used as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics. This makes it possible to more accurately and directly acquire information corresponding to the particle Sb in the sample S, and to more accurately evaluate the dispersion stability of the particle Sb.
- a change in the frequency characteristic over time may be caused, for example, by dissolution of the dispersoid Sb in the dispersion medium Sa.
- the time-dependent change in the frequency characteristic is caused by the movement of the dispersoid Sb to the reflecting surface 30c, or by the dispersion to the dispersion medium Sa. It may be difficult to determine whether it is caused by the dissolution of Sb.
- the dispersion stability of the particle Sb can be determined. can be evaluated more accurately. Further, when a value within the peak frequency range F corresponding to the particle Sb is used, even if the absorption coefficient of the particle Sb and the absorption coefficient of the dispersion medium Sa are substantially the same, the magnitude of the peak The dispersion stability of the particle Sb can be evaluated based on the change in . Moreover, when a value within the peak frequency range F corresponding to the particle Sb is used, the crystalline state of the particle Sb can be grasped.
- the dispersion stability evaluation method includes step S2 (fifth step) of stirring the sample S while the sample S is held on the reflecting surface 30c.
- the dispersion medium Sa is liquid, and the dispersoid Sb is solid. This makes it possible to evaluate the dispersion stability of the solid dispersed in the liquid.
- step S1 the sample S is held so as to face the reflecting surface 30c from above in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction). It maintains a state in which it can sink toward the reflecting surface 30c in the vertical direction. Accordingly, when the specific gravity of the particle Sb is higher than that of the dispersion medium Sa, the movement of the particle Sb to the reflecting surface 30c can be realized more easily.
- the dispersion stability of each of the plurality of samples S can be compared with high accuracy with a simple configuration.
- step S6 values within the peak frequency range F are used as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics. value may be used.
- the vertical axis represents the relative value of the frequency characteristic in the base frequency range B (hereinafter referred to as "base relative value"), and the horizontal axis represents time.
- the base relative value is calculated by normalizing the frequency characteristic in the base frequency range B.
- FIG. Specifically, the base relative value is calculated such that among the absolute values of a plurality of frequency characteristics in the base frequency range B, the maximum value is 1 and the minimum value is zero.
- the base relative value gradually decreases over time in the period after transition time T0. The base relative value maintains a constant value after reaching the reference value C.
- the deposition time T is the time when the base relative value reaches the reference value C.
- the reference value C is, for example, 0.2.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing temporal changes in base relative values of samples S10, S20, S30, and S40 as a plurality of samples S.
- FIG. 17 the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T11 of sample S10 is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T21 of sample S20, and the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T21 is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T21 of sample S20. is greater than the period from the transition time T0 to the deposition time T31 of the sample S30, and the period from the transition time T0 to the deposition time T31 is greater than the period from the transition time T0 to the deposition time T41 of the sample S40.
- the samples S10, S20, S30, The dispersion stability of S40 can be compared.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a refractive index spectrum as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics acquired in step S5. As shown in FIG. 18, the multiple frequency characteristics change over time. Moreover, in the base frequency range B, no peak of the frequency characteristic appears even after time passes.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing temporal changes in relative values of frequency characteristics (base relative values) in the base frequency range B.
- the vertical axis is the relative value of the refractive index spectrum in the base frequency range B
- the horizontal axis is time.
- the base relative value gradually decreases over time in the period after transition time T0.
- the base relative value maintains a constant value after reaching the reference value C. That is, the deposition time T is the time when the base relative value reaches the reference value C.
- the period from the transition time T0 to the deposition time T is the same as when the absorption spectrum is used. It can be understood as speed.
- the refractive index spectrum it is possible to reduce variations in measurement results and to evaluate dispersion stability with higher accuracy.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing temporal changes in base relative values of samples S10, S20, S30, and S40 as a plurality of samples S.
- the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T12 of sample S10 is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T22 of sample S20, and the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T22 is greater than the period from transition time T0 to deposition time T22 of sample S20.
- the dispersion stability of the samples S10, S20, S30, and S40 can be compared in the same manner as when the absorption spectrum is used. can be done.
- a spectroscopic device 1A shown in FIG. 21 is used.
- the spectroscopic device 1A is similar to the spectroscopic device 1 in that it includes an output section 20A instead of the output section 20 and a detection section 60A instead of the detection section 60. Mainly different.
- the spectroscopic device 1A does not include the adjusting section 40 and the reflecting section 50 .
- the spectroscopic device 1A includes an output section 20A, a chopper 26, an arrangement section 30, a detection section 60A, and a processing section .
- the output unit 20A has a plurality of light sources 25. Each light source 25 outputs a terahertz wave T having a single wavelength. Each light source 25 outputs terahertz waves T having different frequencies.
- the light source 25 is, for example, a backward wave tube, a quantum cascade laser, or the like.
- the chopper 26 alternately repeats passing and blocking of the terahertz wave T output from the light source 25 at regular intervals.
- the terahertz wave T output from the output section 20A is incident on the incident surface 30a of the placement section 30, and after being sequentially reflected by the first sub-reflecting surface 30d, the reflecting surface 30c, and the second sub-reflecting surface 30e, is reflected by the output surface. 30b to the outside and enters the detector 60A.
- the detection unit 60A detects the terahertz wave T output from the placement unit 30.
- the detector 60A has a detector 65, a lock-in amplifier 63, and an A/D converter 64.
- Detector 65 is, for example, a Golay cell, a bolometer, a Schottky barrier diode or a resonant tunneling diode.
- An electrical signal output from the detector 65 is input to the lock-in amplifier 63 .
- the lock-in amplifier 63 synchronously detects the electrical signal output from the detector 65 at the repetition frequency of passage and interruption of the terahertz wave T in the chopper 23 .
- A/D converter 64 converts the analog signal from lock-in amplifier 63 into a digital signal.
- the processing unit 70 calculates frequency characteristics based on the signal output from the A/D converter 64 . Note that the spectroscopic device 1A does not have to include the chopper 26 and the lock-in amplifier 63 .
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the second derivative of the absorption spectrum of the dispersoid Sb.
- the frequencies f1 and f2 that define the peak range of the absorption spectrum of the particle Sb are grasped, and the frequency corresponding to the maximum absolute value of the peak between the frequencies f1 and f2 Grasp fp.
- a terahertz wave T with a frequency fp, a terahertz wave T with a frequency f1, and a terahertz wave T with a frequency f2 are incident on the sample S, respectively.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing temporal changes in the relative values of the magnitudes of the peaks (peak relative values) shown in FIG. The peak relative value is calculated so that the maximum value is 1 and the minimum value is 0 among the plurality of frequency characteristics. As shown in FIG.
- the peak relative value gradually increases over time in the period after transition time T0.
- the peak relative value maintains a constant value after reaching the reference value C. That is, the deposition time T is the time when the peak relative value reaches the reference value C.
- FIG. The reference value C is, for example, 0.8.
- values within the base frequency range may be used as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics.
- the vertical axis is the absorbance relative value (base relative value) in the base frequency range
- the horizontal axis is time.
- the base relative value gradually decreases over time in the period after transition time T0.
- the base relative value maintains a constant value after reaching the reference value C. That is, the deposition time T is the time when the base relative value reaches the reference value C.
- the reference value C is, for example, 0.2.
- the absorbance in the base frequency range is used as each of the plurality of frequency characteristics, the period from the transition time T0 to the deposition time T can be grasped as the moving speed of the particles Sb.
- the absorbance can be used to evaluate the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb.
- the configuration of the light source and the like of the device can be simplified, and the dispersion stability of the dispersoid Sb can be evaluated with a simpler configuration. Furthermore, analysis of the data can be facilitated.
- step S4 an example of stopping the rotation of the propeller 182 in step S4 is shown, but the rotation speed of the propeller 182 may be reduced in step S4.
- step S4 it is sufficient that the particle Sb maintains a state in which it can move toward the reflecting surface 30c.
- the sample S is stirred by rotating the propeller 182 in step S2, but the manner of stirring the sample S is not limited.
- step S ⁇ b>2 for example, after vibrating the container containing the sample S, the container may be placed on the reflecting surface 30 c of the placing section 30 . In this case, spectroscopic device 1 may not have stirrer 18 .
- step S3 is performed during the implementation period of steps S1, S2, and S4, but step S3 may be performed at least during the implementation period of step S4.
- the incidence and detection of the terahertz wave T should be performed at least when the sample S is in a moving state.
- the dispersoid Sb may be a liquid that is incompatible with the dispersion medium Sa.
- the dispersoid Sb may be, for example, an oil.
- the specific gravity of the particle Sb is higher than that of the dispersion medium Sa in the embodiment, the specific gravity of the particle Sb may be lower than that of the dispersion medium Sa.
- the detection result may be acquired while maintaining the state in which the particle Sb floats in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction).
- the reflecting surface 30c of the arrangement portion 30 faces downward in the Z-axis direction, and the sample S is placed on the holding body 15 so as to face the reflecting surface 30c from below in the Z-axis direction with respect to the reflecting surface 30c. held by
- the temperature of the sample S may be adjusted at least during the execution of step S3.
- the temperature of the sample S may be adjusted at least during the execution of step S3.
- An optical interference method may be used as the optical system of the detection units 60 and 60A.
- the absorption spectrum of the terahertz wave T can be directly obtained without obtaining the electric field waveform of the terahertz wave T by the detection units 60 and 60A.
- B base frequency range
- F peak frequency range
- S sample
- Sa dispersion medium
- Sb dispersoid
- T terahertz wave
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Abstract
Description
図1に示されるように、分光装置1は、出力部20と、配置部30と、調整部40と、反射部50と、検出部60と、処理部70と、を備えている。分光装置1は、テラヘルツ波を用いた全反射減衰分光方法(ATR:Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy)を実施するための装置である。
図2に示されるように、分光装置1は、配置部30の周辺構造として、撹拌部10を更に備えている。撹拌部10は、基板11と、一対の支持体14と、保持体15と、封止部材16と、取付部17と、撹拌器18と、を有している。基板11は、配置部30を保持している。配置部30の反射面30c(図1参照)は、Z軸方向(鉛直方向)に交差している。反射面30cは、基板11の表面11aから突出している。配置部30の入射面30a(図1参照)は、X軸方向に交差している。配置部の入射面30aへのテラヘルツ波Tの入射、及び出射面30bからのテラヘルツ波Tの出射は、基板11の裏面11b側において可能となっている。
次に、分散安定性比較方法について説明する。まず、図8に示されるように、試料Sを用意する(ステップS1)。ステップS1では、試料Sを配置部30の反射面30cにおいて保持する。ステップS1では、試料Sが反射面30cに対してZ軸方向の上側から反射面30cに対向するように試料Sを保持する。具体的には、まず、取付部17によって保持体15を配置部30に対して取り付ける。続いて、プロペラ182が保持体15の収容空間15cに位置するように、撹拌器18を配置する。
実施形態では、ステップS6において、複数の周波数特性のそれぞれとして、ピーク周波数範囲F内の値が用いられる例を示したが、ステップS6においては、複数の周波数特性のそれぞれとして、ベース周波数範囲B内の値が用いられてもよい。図16は、縦軸をベース周波数範囲Bにおける周波数特性の相対値(以下、「ベース相対値」という)とし、横軸を時間としている。ベース相対値は、ベース周波数範囲Bにおける周波数特性を正規化することで算出されている。具体的には、ベース相対値は、ベース周波数範囲Bにおける複数の周波数特性の絶対値のうち、最大値が1となり且つ最小値が零となるように、算出されている。図16に示されるように、移行時間T0以降の期間においては、ベース相対値は、経時的に漸減している。ベース相対値は、基準値Cに達した後一定の値を維持している。つまり、ベース相対値が基準値Cに達する時間が堆積時間Tである。基準値Cは、例えば0.2である。このように、複数の周波数特性のそれぞれとして、ベース周波数範囲B内の値が用いられた場合においても、ピーク周波数範囲F内の値が用いられた場合と同様に、移行時間T0から堆積時間Tまでの期間を分散質Sbの移動速度として把握することができる。このような場合には、反射面30cに入射されるテラヘルツ波Tに対して吸収ピークを有していない分散質Sbについても分散安定性を評価することができる。
Claims (11)
- 分散媒に分散された分散質の分散安定性を評価する方法であって、
前記分散媒及び前記分散質を含む試料を反射面において保持する第1工程と、
前記試料とは反対側から前記反射面に対してテラヘルツ波を入射し、前記反射面で反射された前記テラヘルツ波を検出する第2工程と、を備え、
前記第2工程では、前記分散質が前記反射面に向かって移動可能な状態を維持しつつ、互いに離れた複数の時間のそれぞれに対応する複数の検出結果を取得する、分散安定性評価方法。 - 前記複数の検出結果のそれぞれに基づいて、前記複数の時間のそれぞれに対応する複数の周波数特性を算出する第3工程と、
前記複数の周波数特性の経時変化に基づいて、前記反射面に向かう前記分散質の移動速度を把握する第4工程と、を更に備える、請求項1に記載の分散安定性評価方法。 - 前記第3工程では、前記複数の周波数特性のそれぞれとして、前記テラヘルツ波に対する前記試料の吸収スペクトルを算出する、請求項2に記載の分散安定性評価方法。
- 前記第3工程では、前記複数の周波数特性のそれぞれとして、前記テラヘルツ波に対する前記試料の屈折率スペクトルを算出する、請求項2に記載の分散安定性評価方法。
- 前記第3工程では、前記複数の周波数特性のそれぞれとして、前記テラヘルツ波に対する前記試料の吸光度を算出する、請求項2に記載の分散安定性評価方法。
- 前記第4工程では、前記複数の周波数特性のそれぞれとして、前記分散質に対応するピーク周波数範囲内の値が用いられる、請求項2~5のいずれか一項に記載の分散安定性評価方法。
- 前記第4工程では、前記複数の周波数特性のそれぞれとして、前記分散質に対応するピーク周波数範囲とは異なるベース周波数範囲内の値が用いられる、請求項2~5のいずれか一項に記載の分散安定性評価方法。
- 前記試料を前記反射面において保持した状態で前記試料を撹拌する第5工程を更に備え、
前記第5工程では、撹拌の強さを調整する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の分散安定性評価方法。 - 前記分散媒は、液体であり、
前記分散質は、固体である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の分散安定性評価方法。 - 前記第1工程では、前記試料が前記反射面に対して鉛直方向の上側から前記反射面に対向するように前記試料を保持し、
前記第2工程では、前記分散質が前記鉛直方向において前記反射面に向かって沈降可能な状態を維持する、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の分散安定性評価方法。 - 複数の試料のそれぞれについて、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の分散安定性評価方法を実施する工程と、
前記複数の試料のそれぞれの分散安定性を比較する工程と、を備える、分散安定性比較方法。
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