WO2022201408A1 - 月面の土壌から資源を生成するプラント及びその運転方法 - Google Patents
月面の土壌から資源を生成するプラント及びその運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022201408A1 WO2022201408A1 PCT/JP2021/012458 JP2021012458W WO2022201408A1 WO 2022201408 A1 WO2022201408 A1 WO 2022201408A1 JP 2021012458 W JP2021012458 W JP 2021012458W WO 2022201408 A1 WO2022201408 A1 WO 2022201408A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- hydrogen
- amount
- oxygen
- plant
- Prior art date
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010840 domestic wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-BJUDXGSMSA-N helium-3 atom Chemical compound [3He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 multiple oxides Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plant that generates resources from lunar soil and its operation method.
- Patent Document 1 describes a process of separating a rich feed rich in ilmenite by beneficiation of a lunar feed material, a process of reducing the rich feed with a hydrogen-containing gas to produce water and iron or titanium metal, and a process of producing water and iron or titanium metal. is described, including the step of electrolyzing to generate hydrogen and oxygen.
- the atmosphere on the moon is extremely thin. Therefore, in order for centuries to be active on the moon, it is desired to stably use substances composed of light elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, and water.
- hydrogen which is indispensable for implementing the manufacturing method described in Patent Document 1
- the production method described in Patent Document 1 includes a step of reducing metal oxides such as ilmenite that can be collected on the moon with hydrogen, and electrolyzing the water produced thereby to produce hydrogen and oxygen. It is envisaged that it will cycle repeatedly between the generating steps. As a means of supplying hydrogen to this circulatory system, no method other than transportation from the earth has been suggested.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a plant that generates resources from lunar soil and an operating method thereof that can supply hydrogen on the lunar surface and circulate it as a resource, and an operating method thereof.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a plant for generating resources from lunar soil, comprising a water extraction unit for extracting water from hydrous regolith in the soil, and generating hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis of water. and a reduction unit for reducing the metal oxide contained in the soil with hydrogen.
- a second aspect of the present invention is the plant according to the first aspect, further comprising a fuel cell that generates electric power from hydrogen and oxygen.
- a third aspect of the present invention is the plant according to the first or second aspect, further comprising power generation equipment.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized by comprising a control unit that controls the plant based on at least one of the demand amount and the supply amount of at least one selected from water, oxygen, hydrogen, and electric power. It is a plant according to any one of the first to third aspects.
- control unit determines, for at least one of the amount of oxygen demanded and the amount of supply, the amount of oxygen required for a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and the amount of oxygen required to support life on the moon.
- a fourth aspect of the plant is characterized in that the plant is controlled in consideration of the above.
- control unit controls, for at least one of the amount of hydrogen demanded and the amount of supply, the amount of hydrogen required for a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and the amount of hydrogen required for reduction of the metal oxide.
- the plant according to the fourth or fifth aspect is characterized in that the plant is controlled in consideration of the above.
- control unit determines to use the entire amount of water supplied from the reducing unit for the electrolysis when the remaining amount of stored water is sufficient. 4.
- the plant according to the fourth aspect characterized in that it determines to extract water from the hydrous regolith when the remaining amount of stored water is not sufficient.
- An eighth aspect of the present invention is a method of operating a plant that generates resources from lunar soil, wherein water is extracted from the hydrous regolith of the soil, and the water contains at least the water extracted from the hydrous regolith.
- hydrogen and oxygen are produced by the electrolysis of the soil, and the metal oxides contained in the soil are reduced by the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis.
- a ninth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the plant is controlled based on at least one of a demand amount and a supply amount of at least one selected from water, oxygen, hydrogen, and electric power.
- 1 is a method of operating a plant according to an aspect
- water can be extracted from hydrous regolith that can be collected from lunar soil, and hydrogen can be generated on the lunar surface by electrolysis of water. can be circulated as
- energy can be obtained by converting hydrogen and oxygen obtained by electrolysis of water into electric power.
- the third aspect it is possible to efficiently obtain electric power, which is a form of energy that is easy to use in the plant.
- power can be physically stored in the form of hydrogen and oxygen.
- the plant can be effectively operated by considering the balance between hydrogen and oxygen that can be used as energy storage forms and oxygen for life support that is required for lunar surface activities. can.
- the plant can be effectively operated in consideration of the balance between hydrogen and oxygen that can be used as energy storage forms and hydrogen that can be used as a raw material for obtaining water. .
- the amount of water extracted from the hydrous regolith can be reduced, and the hydrous regolith resource can be conserved over a longer period of time.
- water can be extracted from hydrous regolith that can be collected from lunar soil, and hydrogen can be generated on the lunar surface by electrolysis of water. can be circulated as
- the ninth aspect it is possible to facilitate the management of hydrogen, oxygen, water, which are substances made of light elements that are difficult to obtain on the moon, or electric power, which is general-purpose energy.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a plant that generates resources from lunar soil;
- FIG. It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of a control part.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a plant that generates resources from lunar soil.
- the plant 100 of the embodiment includes a water extraction unit 11 that extracts water from the hydrous regolith 21 of the lunar soil, an electrolysis unit 12 that generates hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water, and and a reduction unit 13 for reducing the contained metal oxide or the like 23 with hydrogen.
- hydrous regolith 21 From the lunar soil, not only dry regolith 22 containing no water, but also hydrous regolith 21 can be collected.
- water extractor 11 By extracting water from the water-containing regolith 21 using the water extractor 11, it is possible to obtain water as a raw material for hydrogen on the lunar surface.
- a method for extracting water in the water extractor 11 is not particularly limited, but a method of volatilizing water from the hydrous regolith 21 by condensed irradiation of sunlight, electric heat, or the like can be used. Volatilized water can be condensed into a liquid or solidified by cooling.
- the water extraction unit 11 may obtain water by melting ice present in the permanent shadow of the moon.
- the water extracted from the hydrous regolith 21 can be stored in the water storage unit 14.
- the water storage unit 14 may be a container such as a tank capable of storing water.
- the state in which water is stored in the water storage unit 14 is not particularly limited. It can be in the state of Water other than the water extracted from the hydrous regolith 21 may be stored together in the water storage unit 14 .
- the water treated in the electrolysis unit 12 is not limited to the water extracted from the hydrous regolith 21, and may be water obtained from other processes.
- the electrolyzer used in the electrolyzer 12 is not particularly limited, but for example, an electrolyzer containing a solid electrolyte may be used.
- the water used for electrolysis may be in liquid phase or gas phase.
- the hydrogen and oxygen generated by the electrolysis of water can be stored in the hydrogen storage unit 15 and the oxygen storage unit 16, respectively.
- the state in which hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage unit 15 is not particularly limited, and may be a pure substance such as a gas phase, a liquid phase, or a solid phase. It's okay.
- the state in which oxygen is stored in the oxygen storage unit 16 is not particularly limited, and may be a pure substance such as a gas phase, a liquid phase, or a solid phase. It's okay.
- At least part of the oxygen obtained by water electrolysis can be used for life support 33.
- Facilities for life support 33 include facilities for activities of humans or animals living on the moon.
- Carbon dioxide exhaled by human or animal respiration may be used for photosynthesis by plants such as algae. Thereby, oxygen consumed by respiration can be regenerated by photosynthesis.
- At least part of the hydrogen obtained by electrolysis of water can be used for reduction of metal oxides 23.
- the metal oxide or the like 23 may be a component remaining after extracting water from the hydrous regolith 21 or may be the dry regolith 22 .
- the metal oxide or the like 23 may be sorted, heat treated, or the like so as to increase the ratio of the metal oxide contained in the metal oxide or the like 23 .
- the plant 100 which includes at least the water extraction unit 11 and the electrolysis unit 12, can extract water from the hydrous regolith 21 that can be collected from the lunar soil and generate hydrogen on the lunar surface through electrolysis. This makes it possible to supply hydrogen from materials obtained on the moon and circulate it as a resource.
- the embodiment plant 100 is capable of operating only with materials available on the Moon. At the start-up of plant 100 or at other times desired, hydrogen, oxygen, or water transported from the earth may be used to supplement the materials required for plant 100 operation.
- the reduction unit 13 can obtain the reduced metal 17 by reducing the metal oxide 23 using hydrogen.
- the hydrogen used in the reduction unit 13 is not limited to hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water, and may be hydrogen obtained from other processes.
- the method of reducing the metal oxide in the reducing unit 13 is not particularly limited, but examples include a method of heating the metal oxide under conditions containing hydrogen by condensed irradiation of sunlight, electric heat, or the like.
- the device for heating the metal oxide or the like 23 in the reduction unit 13 and the device for heating the hydrated regolith 21 in the water extraction unit 11 may be different devices or may be the same device.
- the reducing device for the metal oxides 23 used in the reducing unit 13 and the extracting device used in the water extracting unit 11 are shared, the configuration of the plant 100 can be simplified.
- Metal oxides contained in soil include metal oxides, multiple oxides, and metal silicates.
- the metal oxide or the like 23 may contain components other than the metal oxide.
- Examples of reduced metals obtained by reducing metal oxides include iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), and silicon (Si).
- the reduced metal or the like 17 obtained by reducing the metal oxide or the like from the metal oxide or the like 23 may contain components other than the reduced metal.
- the reduced metal or the like 17 can be used as a building material 34 or the like.
- the hydrogen supplied to the reducing unit 13 generates water as a result of reducing the metal oxides 23 .
- the water obtained in the reduction section 13 can be supplied to the electrolysis section 12 through the water storage section 14 .
- hydrogen can be circulated between the electrolysis section 12 and the reduction section 13 .
- the water storage unit 14 is supplied with (2 ⁇ +2 ⁇ ) mol of water.
- (2 ⁇ +2 ⁇ ) moles of water By electrolyzing (2 ⁇ +2 ⁇ ) moles of water, (2 ⁇ +2 ⁇ ) moles of hydrogen and ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) moles of oxygen are obtained.
- 2 ⁇ moles of water in the reduction section 13 2 ⁇ moles of hydrogen are required. Therefore, it is preferable to supply at least 2 ⁇ moles of (2 ⁇ +2 ⁇ ) moles of hydrogen obtained by electrolysis to the reducing section 13 .
- the resulting ratio of 2 ⁇ moles of hydrogen to ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) moles of oxygen, 2 ⁇ : ⁇ + ⁇ can be adjusted arbitrarily between 2:1 and 0:1, depending on the ⁇ : ⁇ ratio. is.
- the ratio of using hydrogen and oxygen obtained by electrolysis of water is not particularly limited, but it is possible to use hydrogen and oxygen at a molar ratio of 2:1.
- electric power 32 can be generated from hydrogen and oxygen. Electricity 32 may be supplied as energy to desired equipment within or outside plant 100 .
- electrical power 32 can be provided for life support 33 purposes.
- the water supplied to the electrolysis unit 12 is electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen.
- the fuel cell 31 generates electricity 32 from hydrogen and oxygen and at the same time produces water. Since the plant 100 includes the electrolysis section 12 and the fuel cell 31 , hydrogen and oxygen can be circulated between the electrolysis section 12 and the fuel cell 31 .
- Plant 100 may further comprise power generation equipment 20 .
- the energy source of the power generation facility 20 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, natural energy such as sunlight, solar heat, or solar wind, or nuclear power such as helium-3 ( 3 He).
- Nuclear power may utilize nuclear fusion, nuclear fission, etc., and the fuel may be material obtained on the moon or transported from the earth.
- the power supplied from the power generation equipment 20 may be used as the energy source for the electrolysis unit 12 .
- the electric power of the power generation facility 20 can be physically stored in the form of hydrogen and oxygen obtained by electrolysis of water.
- the electric power obtained by the power generation equipment 20 can be used in various parts of the plant 100.
- the power generation equipment 20 may supply the energy necessary for the operation of the material conversion unit 10 such as the water extraction unit 11, the electrolysis unit 12, the reduction unit 13, and the like. Electric power obtained by the power generation equipment 20 may be supplied to facilities other than the plant 100 .
- a plant 100 may be supplied with power from a power plant 20 that does not belong to the plant 100 .
- the business entity that operates the power generation facility 20 may be the same as the business entity that operates the plant 100, or may be different.
- the installation location of the power generation equipment 20 may be included in the installation range of the plant 100 or may be outside the installation range of the plant 100 .
- the hydrogen and oxygen obtained from the material conversion unit 10 may be used not only for circulating resources on the lunar surface, but also for consumption outside the system.
- hydrogen and oxygen are used as propellants for objects such as rockets, materials resulting from the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen are released into space to propel the object.
- the ratio of propellant hydrogen and oxygen is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, a molar ratio of 2:0.75.
- the control method of the plant 100 is not particularly limited, and may be fully automatic control, or at least some items may be instructed or operated by humans.
- a human gives an instruction or operation to the plant 100, the operation may be performed from the local surface of the moon, or remotely from the surface of the moon, the earth, or outer space away from the plant 100.
- At least one of the plant 100 or the water extraction unit 11, the electrolysis unit 12, the reduction unit 13, etc. may have an operation unit. If desired, the plant 100 or parts thereof may be switchable between automatic control and manual operation.
- the instruction or operation by a human may be an instruction or operation for a control unit, which will be described later, or at least a part of the function of the control unit, which will be described later, may be determined by a human.
- the plant 100 preferably has a control unit that controls the plant 100 based on at least one of the amount of demand and the amount of supply of at least one selected from water, oxygen, hydrogen, and electric power. This makes it easy to manage hydrogen, oxygen, and water, which are substances made of light elements that are difficult to obtain on the moon, or electric power, which is general-purpose energy.
- the input of the control unit is at least one selected from water demand, water supply, oxygen demand, oxygen supply, hydrogen demand, hydrogen supply, electricity demand, and electricity supply. Although it is preferred to include seeds, other parameters may be included in the input.
- the controller may for example include an electronic circuit having a program.
- the control unit may have a storage device as required.
- a storage device can be realized by using, for example, a semiconductor memory, a magnetic hard disk, or the like.
- the control unit may automatically acquire the above-mentioned input parameters and perform control autonomously, or may perform control by accepting human instructions or operations from the outside.
- the plant 100 preferably has a communication means that enables remote operation from the surface of the moon, the earth, or outer space away from the plant 100.
- the communication means may be wireless or at least partially wired.
- the communication means may include a transmitting device and/or a receiving device.
- control unit When the control unit considers at least one of the amount of oxygen demanded and the amount of supply, it may consider the amount of oxygen required for the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and the amount of oxygen required for life support on the moon. Further, when the control unit considers at least one of the amount of hydrogen demanded and the amount of supply, even if the amount of hydrogen required for the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and the amount of hydrogen required for reduction of the metal oxide are taken into consideration. good.
- Equipment for carrying out the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen includes, but is not limited to, the fuel cell 31 described above.
- the amount of hydrogen required to reduce the metal oxide can be understood as the amount of hydrogen available as a raw material for obtaining water.
- Fig. 2 shows an example of the control unit.
- this control unit 40 as input (INPUT) parameters, a power generation amount 41, which is an example of an electric power supply amount, an oxygen demand amount 42, and a stored water remaining amount 43, which is an example of a water supply amount, are set.
- Input parameters are input to calculation block 44 .
- the power distribution device 45 Based on the output (OUTPUT) of the calculation block 44, the power distribution device 45 can distribute the power of the power generation equipment 20 and the like to the water extractor 11, the electrolyzer 12, the reducer 13 and the like.
- the oxygen demand 42 may be the demand for oxygen that is consumed alone for the purpose of life support 33 or the like.
- Oxygen demand 42 may include demand for oxygen used in chemical reactions with hydrogen for purposes such as fuel cell 31 .
- Oxygen demand 42 can be calculated based on the remaining amount of oxygen storage unit 16 and the predicted use of oxygen.
- X O2 Q O2 ⁇
- Q O2 the oxygen demand
- Q H2 the hydrogen demand
- the amount of consumption of the hydrated regolith 21, that is, the amount of water extracted from the hydrated regolith 21 is set to be suppressed. In this case, it is necessary to generate as much oxygen as possible by electrolysis of the water supplied from the reduction unit 13 for the desired "excess oxygen demand".
- the calculation block 44 calculates the required operating rate and the required electric power of the reduction unit 13 according to the excess amount of oxygen demand. As a result, the calculation block 44 can determine the power amount E 13 of the reductor 13 .
- the calculation block 44 calculates the electric power necessary for electrolyzing the water supplied from the return unit 13 according to the operation rate of the return unit 13 as a second step S2.
- the amount of water supplied is an important index for the amount of oxygen required for life support, it is necessary to consider whether or not to use the entire amount of water supplied from the reduction unit 13 for electrolysis.
- the calculation block 44 determines whether or not to use the entire amount of water supplied from the reduction unit 13 for electrolysis based on the remaining water amount 43 in the water storage unit 14, and "Electrolysis ratio" is calculated as the ratio of water used for decomposition. If the remaining amount of stored water 43 is sufficient, the calculation block 44 determines to use the entire amount of water supplied from the return unit 13 for electrolysis, sets the "electrolysis ratio" to 100%, and The value calculated in the second step S2 of is determined as the electric energy E12 of the electrolysis unit 12 as it is.
- the calculation block 44 determines in a fourth step S4 to use part of the water supplied from the reducing unit 13 for electrolysis, and sets the "electrolysis ratio" to 100. Calculate the value less than %.
- the calculation block 44 outputs the amount obtained by subtracting the value calculated in the above-described second step S2 as the electric energy E12 of the electrolysis section 12 according to the "electrolysis ratio". Further, the calculation block 44 calculates the amount of water to be extracted from the hydrous regolith 21 according to the ratio obtained by subtracting the “electrolysis ratio” from 100%, and determines the electric energy E11 of the water extraction unit 11 .
- the calculation block 44 has a step of checking whether the sum of the electric power amounts E 11 , E 12 , E 13 of each section of the material conversion section 10 determined as described above does not exceed the total electric power generation amount T. You may The power distribution device 45 distributes the electric energy E 11 , E 12 , E 13 determined by the calculation block 44 out of the total electric power generation T to the water extraction unit 11, the electrolysis unit 12, and the reduction unit 13, respectively. supply power.
- the operation of the reduction unit 13 may be stopped and the electrolysis unit 12 and the water extraction unit 11 may be preferentially operated.
- the calculation block 44 can determine that the electric energy E11 of the return unit 13 is zero.
- the calculation block 44 may calculate the electric power required for electrolyzing the water that can be supplied from the water storage unit 14 instead of the water supplied from the return unit 13 .
- the calculation block 44 determines whether or not to use the entire amount of water supplied from the water storage unit 14 for electrolysis based on the remaining amount of stored water 43.
- the calculation block 44 determines in a fourth step S4 to use part of the water supplied from the water storage unit 14 for electrolysis, and sets the "electrolysis ratio" as Calculate values less than 100%. This allows the calculation block 44 to determine the amount of power E 12 for the electrolysis section 12 and the amount of power E 11 for the water extraction section 11 .
- the control unit 40 electrolyzes the entire amount of water that can be supplied to the substance conversion unit 10. It may be determined to extract water from the hydrous regolith 21 when it is determined to be used and the remaining amount of stored water 43 is not sufficient. As a result, the amount of water extracted from the hydrated regolith 21 can be reduced, and the resource of the hydrated regolith 21 can be conserved over a longer period of time.
- the calculation block 44 may calculate the power consumption of a facility for obtaining deionized water suitable for electrolysis from a facility for treating domestic wastewater.
- the process of obtaining water for electrolysis from other water sources may be treated similarly to the process of extracting water from hydrous regolith 21 .
- the calculation block 44 determines that the electric energy E11 of the water extractor 11 is 0 in the above-described fourth step S4. can do.
- the calculation block 44 can determine the power amount E13 of the reduction unit 13 and the power amount E12 of the electrolysis unit 12 in the same manner as the first step S1, the second step S2, and the third step S3 described above. .
- the control unit 40 uses the demand amount of hydrogen used as liquefied fuel as an input parameter. may be included. Also, the control unit 40 may include the amount of electric power required for operating the liquefaction facility in the output parameter.
- the water extraction unit 11 and the electrolysis unit 12 are mainly operated, the operation of the reduction unit 13 is stopped, and the metal oxides 23 are saved. You may proceed. In this case, the hydrogen and oxygen generated in the electrolysis section 12 may be returned to water in the fuel cell 31 .
- the electrolysis section 12 and the reduction section 13 may be mainly operated, and the operation of the water extraction section 11 may be stopped during periods of high oxygen demand. Thereby, hydrogen may be consumed for reduction of metal oxides 23 and more oxygen may be supplied to life support 33 .
- the present invention can be used in various industries related to lunar surface development.
- the present invention can also be applied to space development on celestial bodies other than the moon.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- 月面の土壌から資源を生成するプラントであって、
前記土壌のうち含水レゴリスから水を抽出する水抽出部と、
水の電気分解により水素と酸素とを生成する電気分解部と、
前記土壌に含まれる酸化金属を水素により還元する還元部と、を備えることを特徴とするプラント。 - 水素と酸素とから電力を生成する燃料電池をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプラント。
- 発電設備をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のプラント。
- 水、酸素、水素、電力から選択される少なくとも1種についての需要量又は供給量の少なくとも一方に基づいて、前記プラントを制御する制御部を有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のプラント。
- 前記制御部が、酸素の需要量又は供給量の少なくとも一方について、水素と酸素との化学反応に要する酸素の量と、月面における生命維持に要する酸素の量とを考慮して、前記プラントを制御することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のプラント。
- 前記制御部が、水素の需要量又は供給量の少なくとも一方について、水素と酸素との化学反応に要する水素の量と、前記酸化金属の還元に要する水素の量とを考慮して、前記プラントを制御することを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載のプラント。
- 前記制御部が、貯蔵されている水の残量が十分である場合に、前記還元部から供給される水の全量を前記電気分解に使用することを判断し、貯蔵されている水の残量が十分でない場合に、前記含水レゴリスから水を抽出することを判断することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のプラント。
- 月面の土壌から資源を生成するプラントの運転方法であって、
前記土壌のうち含水レゴリスから水を抽出し、
少なくとも前記含水レゴリスから抽出された水を含む水の電気分解により水素と酸素とを生成し、
前記土壌に含まれる酸化金属を、前記電気分解により生成された水素により還元することを特徴とするプラントの運転方法。 - 水、酸素、水素、電力から選択される少なくとも1種についての需要量又は供給量の少なくとも一方に基づいて、前記プラントを制御することを特徴とする請求項8に記載のプラントの運転方法。
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03271102A (ja) * | 1987-11-06 | 1991-12-03 | Carbotec Inc | 合成月面物質製造法 |
JPH05262300A (ja) * | 1992-03-19 | 1993-10-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 閉鎖居住空間システム |
JP2013542345A (ja) * | 2010-07-29 | 2013-11-21 | ウニヴェルシタ デリ ストゥディ ディ カッリャリ | 月、火星、および/または小惑星において民生および/または産業施設用の資材を製造するプロセス |
JP2014122399A (ja) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-07-03 | Toshiba Corp | 水素電力供給システム |
US20180178292A1 (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-28 | Pioneer Astronautics | Novel Methods of Metals Processing |
JP2019148155A (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-05 | 清水建設株式会社 | 資源採掘方法及び資源採掘システム |
US20190271228A1 (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2019-09-05 | Colorado School Of Mines | System and method of extracting and collecting water from a regolith |
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Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03271102A (ja) * | 1987-11-06 | 1991-12-03 | Carbotec Inc | 合成月面物質製造法 |
JPH05262300A (ja) * | 1992-03-19 | 1993-10-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 閉鎖居住空間システム |
JP2013542345A (ja) * | 2010-07-29 | 2013-11-21 | ウニヴェルシタ デリ ストゥディ ディ カッリャリ | 月、火星、および/または小惑星において民生および/または産業施設用の資材を製造するプロセス |
JP2014122399A (ja) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-07-03 | Toshiba Corp | 水素電力供給システム |
US20180178292A1 (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-28 | Pioneer Astronautics | Novel Methods of Metals Processing |
JP2019148155A (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-05 | 清水建設株式会社 | 資源採掘方法及び資源採掘システム |
US20190271228A1 (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2019-09-05 | Colorado School Of Mines | System and method of extracting and collecting water from a regolith |
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JP7559217B2 (ja) | 2024-10-01 |
US20240110289A1 (en) | 2024-04-04 |
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