WO2022196689A1 - 冷凍機油組成物及び冷凍機用混合組成物 - Google Patents
冷凍機油組成物及び冷凍機用混合組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022196689A1 WO2022196689A1 PCT/JP2022/011608 JP2022011608W WO2022196689A1 WO 2022196689 A1 WO2022196689 A1 WO 2022196689A1 JP 2022011608 W JP2022011608 W JP 2022011608W WO 2022196689 A1 WO2022196689 A1 WO 2022196689A1
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Classifications
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol, aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
- C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/16—Ethers
- C10M129/18—Epoxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M155/02—Monomer containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/24—Only one single fluoro component present
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
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- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C10M2209/1033—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups used as base material
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- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
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- C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
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- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
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- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
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- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigerator oil composition and a mixture composition for refrigerators.
- the term "refrigerating machine mixed composition” refers to a composition obtained by mixing a "refrigerating machine oil composition” and a “refrigerant”.
- a refrigerator such as a compression refrigerator, generally includes at least a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism (e.g., an expansion valve, etc.), and an evaporator, and a mixed composition for a refrigerator circulates in a closed system. have a structure.
- Hydrochlorofluorocarbons which have been widely used in the past, have been replaced by fluorocarbon compounds, which have a low environmental load, as refrigerants used in refrigerators such as compression refrigerators.
- fluorocarbon compounds include saturated fluorocarbon compounds (Hydro- Fluoro-Carbon; hereinafter also referred to as "HFC") is being used.
- 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), and 1,2,3,3, which have low global warming potential (GWP)
- HFO unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds
- -tetrafluoropropene (R1234ye)
- HFOs unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds
- GWP global warming potential
- HFCs saturated fluorocarbon compounds
- their thermal stability at high temperatures is It has the disadvantage of being inferior to Therefore, when the content of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compound (HFO) in the refrigerant increases, there is a problem that the acid value of the refrigerating machine oil composition tends to increase.
- refrigerators have become more compact and have higher performance, and their operating conditions have become more severe than before. Therefore, refrigerator oil compositions are required to have higher quality than ever before. For example, while the amount of refrigerating machine oil composition used in the equipment is decreasing as the refrigerating machine becomes more compact, the frictional heat in the sliding parts of the compressor due to the harsher operating conditions causes localized high temperatures. It is easy to occur in some places. When the mixed composition for a refrigerator is exposed to such a portion, the acid value of the refrigerator oil composition tends to increase.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a demand, and effectively increases the acid value even when the content of the unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon compound (HFO) in the refrigerant is increased. It is an object of the present invention to provide a refrigerating machine oil composition capable of suppressing the refrigerating machine oil composition and a mixed composition for a refrigerating machine containing the refrigerating machine oil composition.
- HFO unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon compound
- a refrigerator oil composition containing at least a specific amount of one or more silicone compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of unmodified silicone (B1) and modified silicone (B2) can solve the above problems. and completed the present invention.
- B1 unmodified silicone
- B2 modified silicone
- a method for producing a refrigerating machine oil composition used for a refrigerant containing one or more unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds selected from the compounds represented by A step of mixing a base oil (A) with one or more silicone compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of an unmodified silicone (B1) and a modified silicone (B2), A method for producing a refrigerator oil composition, wherein the amount of the silicone compound (B) is 0.05% by mass or more based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil composition.
- a refrigerating machine oil composition that can effectively suppress an increase in acid value even when the content of an unsaturated fluorocarbon compound (HFO) in the refrigerant is increased, and the refrigerating machine oil composition It becomes possible to provide a mixed composition for a refrigerator containing the machine oil composition.
- HFO unsaturated fluorocarbon compound
- the refrigerating machine oil composition of the present embodiment has the following general formula (1) CxFyHz ( 1 ) [In the general formula (1), x is an integer of 2 to 6, y is an integer of 1 to 11, and z is an integer of 1 to 11, and has one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds in the molecule.
- the refrigerator oil composition of the present embodiment contains a base oil (A) and one or more silicone compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of unmodified silicone (B1) and modified silicone (B2). . The content of the silicone compound (B) is 0.05% by mass or more based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil composition.
- the present inventors have found that one of the factors that facilitates an increase in the acid value of the refrigerating machine oil composition when the content of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compound (HFO) in the refrigerant increases is the unsaturated fluorocarbon compound in a high-temperature environment. Based on the idea that the fluorine content is generated by the decomposition of hydrocarbon compounds (HFO), various investigations have been carried out. As a result, it was found that a refrigerator oil composition containing at least a specific amount of one or more silicone compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of unmodified silicone (B1) and modified silicone (B2) is an unsaturated fluoride in a high-temperature environment.
- silicone compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of unmodified silicone (B1) and modified silicone (B2) is an unsaturated fluoride in a high-temperature environment.
- the mechanism by which the effects of the present invention are exhibited is presumed as follows. That is, the fluorine content (e.g., hydrofluoric acid, etc.) generated by the decomposition of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compound (HFO) in a high-temperature environment has high reactivity with the siloxane bond in the silicone compound (B). Therefore, the fluorine content is trapped in the silicone compound (B). As a result, it is presumed that the elution of fluorine into the refrigerating machine oil composition is suppressed, and the increase in the acid value of the refrigerating machine oil composition can be suppressed.
- the fluorine content e.g., hydrofluoric acid, etc.
- base oil (A) and “silicone compound (B)” are also referred to as “component (A)” and “component (B)", respectively.
- the refrigerating machine oil composition of the present embodiment may be composed only of the component (A) and the component (B), but within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention, It may contain other ingredients.
- the total content of component (A) and component (B) is preferably 80% by mass to 100% by mass, based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the refrigerating machine oil composition. It is preferably 85% by mass to 100% by mass, more preferably 90% by mass to 100% by mass.
- the refrigerator oil composition of this embodiment contains a base oil (A).
- the content of the base oil (A) is based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the refrigerating machine oil composition from the viewpoint of the long-term stability required as a refrigerating machine oil composition. , preferably 85.0% by mass or more, more preferably 90.0% by mass or more, and still more preferably 92.0% by mass or more.
- it is preferably 99.0.
- % by mass or less more preferably 98.5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 98.0% by mass or less.
- the upper and lower limits of these numerical ranges can be combined arbitrarily. Specifically, it is preferably 85.0% by mass to 99.0% by mass, more preferably 90.0% by mass to 98.5% by mass, and still more preferably 92.0% by mass to 98.0% by mass. .
- the base oil (A) base oils that are commonly used in refrigerator oil compositions can be used without particular limitation.
- the base oil (A) one or more selected from the group consisting of synthetic oils and mineral oils can be used.
- the base oil (A) is preferably a synthetic oil from the viewpoint of the solubility of the silicone compound (B).
- the synthetic oils from the viewpoint of improving the thermal stability of the refrigerator oil composition, includes polyalkylene glycols (hereinafter also referred to as "PAG”), polyvinyl ethers (hereinafter referred to as "PVE").
- base oil (A1) poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or a copolymer of its monoether and polyvinyl ether (hereinafter also referred to as “ECP”), and polyol esters (hereinafter also referred to as “POE”) (hereinafter also referred to as “base oil (A1)”).
- ECP poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or a copolymer of its monoether and polyvinyl ether
- POE polyol esters
- base oil (A1) is selected from the group consisting of PAG and PVE. It is more preferable to contain one or more base oils (hereinafter also referred to as “base oil (A2)”).
- PAG, PVE, ECP and POE are described in detail below.
- PAG Polyalkylene glycols
- a PAG used as a base oil in a refrigerator oil composition can be used without particular limitation.
- PAG may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- R 13a is a hydrogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a divalent to hexavalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, represents a hydrocarbon group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 10 ring atoms, R 14a represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R 15a represents a hydrogen atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 3 to 10 ring atoms.
- substituents that the heterocyclic group may have include alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3); 8, more preferably 5 or 6) cycloalkyl group; aryl group having 6 to 18 ring carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 12); halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom); cyano group nitro group; hydroxy group; amino group and the like. These substituents may be further substituted with any of the substituents described above.
- q is an integer of 1-6, preferably an integer of 1-3, more preferably 1; Note that q is determined according to the number of binding sites of R 13a in the general formula (A-1). For example, when R 13a is an alkyl group or an acyl group, q is 1, R 13a is a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, and the valence of the group is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. , then q is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, respectively.
- p is the number of repeating units of OR 14a and is usually 1 or more, preferably a number such that p ⁇ q is 6-80.
- the value of p is a value that is appropriately set in order to adjust the 40°C kinematic viscosity of the base oil (A) to an appropriate range. is not particularly limited.
- a plurality of R 14a may be the same or different from each other.
- q is 2 or more, a plurality of R 15a in one molecule may be the same or different from each other.
- Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon groups represented by R 13a and R 15a include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, various butyl groups, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl groups, various Alkyl groups such as octyl group, various nonyl groups, various decyl groups; Aryl groups such as methylphenyl groups, various ethylphenyl groups, various dimethylphenyl groups, various propylphenyl groups, various trimethylphenyl groups, various butylphenyl groups, various naphthyl groups; benzyl groups, various phenylethyl groups, various methylbenzyl groups, arylalkyl groups such as various phenylpropyl groups and various phenylbutyl groups;
- the above alkyl group may be either linear or branched.
- variable means “linear, branched, or cyclic” hydrocarbon groups. , isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, and cyclobutyl group”.
- groups having a cyclic structure positional isomers such as ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers are included, and the same applies hereinafter.
- the number of carbon atoms in the monovalent hydrocarbon groups represented by R 13a and R 15a is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 6, and still more preferably 1 to 3, from the viewpoint of compatibility with refrigerants. .
- the hydrocarbon group portion of the acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 13a and R 15a may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- Examples of the alkyl group portion include those having 1 to 9 carbon atoms among the hydrocarbon groups represented by R 13a and R 15a described above.
- the number of carbon atoms in the acyl groups represented by R 13a and R 15a is preferably 2 to 8, more preferably 2 to 6, from the viewpoint of compatibility with refrigerants.
- Examples of the divalent to hexavalent hydrocarbon group represented by R 13a include a residue obtained by removing 1 to 5 hydrogen atoms from the above monovalent hydrocarbon group represented by R 13a , trimethylolpropane, Examples thereof include residues obtained by removing hydroxyl groups from polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, 1,2,3-trihydroxycyclohexane, and 1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane.
- the number of carbon atoms in the divalent to hexavalent acyl group represented by R 13a is preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 2 to 6, from the viewpoint of compatibility with refrigerants.
- the heterocyclic group represented by R 13a and R 15a is preferably an oxygen atom-containing heterocyclic group or a sulfur atom-containing heterocyclic group.
- the heterocyclic group may be a saturated ring or an unsaturated ring.
- the oxygen atom-containing heterocyclic group include oxygen atom-containing saturated heterocycles such as ethylene oxide, 1,3-propylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, and hexamethylene oxide; acetylene oxide, furan, pyran, oxycycloheptatriene, isobenzofuran; , a residue obtained by removing 1 to 6 hydrogen atoms from an oxygen atom-containing unsaturated heterocyclic ring such as isochromene.
- sulfur atom-containing heterocyclic group examples include sulfur atom-containing saturated heterocycles such as ethylene sulfide, trimethylene sulfide, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiopyran, and hexamethylene sulfide; sulfur atoms such as acetylene sulfide, thiophene, thiapyran, and thiotripylidene; Examples thereof include a residue obtained by removing 1 to 6 hydrogen atoms from the contained unsaturated heterocyclic ring or the like.
- the heterocyclic groups represented by R 13a and R 15a may have a substituent, and the substituent may be bonded to the oxygen atom in the general formula (A-1).
- the substituent is as described above, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the number of ring-forming atoms in the above heterocyclic group is preferably 3 to 10, more preferably 3 to 6, from the viewpoint of compatibility with refrigerants.
- Examples of the alkylene group represented by R 14a include an alkylene group having 2 carbon atoms such as a dimethylene group (--CH 2 CH 2 --) and an ethylene group (--CH(CH 3 )--); a trimethylene group (--CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —), propylene group (—CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —), propylidene group (—CHCH 2 CH 3 —), isopropylidene group (—C(CH 3 ) 2 —), etc.
- an alkylene group having 2 carbon atoms such as a dimethylene group (--CH 2 CH 2 --) and an ethylene group (--CH(CH 3 )--); a trimethylene group (--CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —), propylene group (—CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —), propylidene group (—CHCH 2 CH 3 —), isopropylidene group (—C(CH 3 ) 2 —), etc.
- R 14a is preferably a propylene group (—CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —).
- the content of the oxypropylene unit (-OCH(CH 3 )CH 2 -) is is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 65 mol% or more, and still more preferably 80 mol% or more, based on the total amount (100 mol%) of oxyalkylene (OR 14a ) of .
- p1 represents a number of 1 or more, preferably a number of 6 to 80.
- p2 and p3 each independently represent a number of 1 or more, preferably a number such that the value of p2+p3 is 6 to 80.
- p4 represents a number of 1 or more, preferably a number of 6 to 80.
- p5 represents a number of 1 or more, preferably a number of 6 to 80.
- p1 in the general formula (A-1-i), p2 and p3 in the general formula (A-1-ii), p4 in the general formula (A-1-iii), and the general formula p5 in (A-1-iv) may be appropriately selected according to the kinematic viscosity required for the base oil (A).
- PVE Polyvinyl ethers
- PVE is a polymer having one or more structural units derived from vinyl ether, and PVE that is used as a base oil in refrigerator oil compositions can be used without particular limitation.
- PVE may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- PVE is preferably a polymer having one or more structural units derived from vinyl ether and having an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in a side chain, from the viewpoint of compatibility with refrigerants.
- the alkyl group is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, more preferably a methyl group.
- the PVE is preferably a polymer (A-2) having one or more structural units represented by the following general formula (A-2).
- R 1a , R 2a and R 3a each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R 4a represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 5a represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- r is the number of repeating units of OR 4a and is usually 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 5, more preferably 0 to 3, still more preferably 0;
- the plurality of OR 4a may be the same or different from each other.
- hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms represented by R 1a , R 2a and R 3a include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, various butyl groups, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, Alkyl groups such as various heptyl groups and various octyl groups; cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, various methylcyclohexyl groups, various ethylcyclohexyl groups, and various dimethylcyclohexyl groups; phenyl groups, various methylphenyl groups, and various ethylphenyl groups , aryl groups such as various dimethylphenyl groups; arylalkyl groups such as benzyl groups, various phenylethyl groups, and various methylbenzyl groups; and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group represented by R 1a , R 2a and R 3a is preferably 1-6, more preferably 1-3.
- R 1a , R 2a and R 3a are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, still more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- Examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 4a include ethylene group, 1,2-propylene group, 1,3-propylene group, various butylene groups, various pentylene groups, various hexylene groups, Divalent aliphatic groups such as various heptylene groups, various octylene groups, various nonylene groups, and various decylene groups; divalent alicyclic groups such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, dimethylcyclohexane, and propylcyclohexane; various phenylene groups , various methylphenylene groups, various ethylphenylene groups, various dimethylphenylene groups, and various naphthylene groups; divalent alkylaromatic groups having a monovalent binding site; divalent alkylaromatic groups having a binding site in the alkyl group portion of polyalkylaromatic hydrocarbons such as x
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group represented by R 4a is preferably 2-6, more preferably 2-4.
- R 4a is preferably a divalent aliphatic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably a divalent aliphatic group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 5a include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, various butyl groups, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl groups, and various octyl groups.
- Alkyl groups such as groups, various nonyl groups, various decyl groups; Cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, various methylcyclohexyl groups, various ethylcyclohexyl groups, various propylcyclohexyl groups, and various dimethylcyclohexyl groups; Aryl groups such as phenyl groups, various ethylphenyl groups, various dimethylphenyl groups, various propylphenyl groups, various trimethylphenyl groups, various butylphenyl groups, various naphthyl groups; benzyl groups, various phenylethyl groups, various methylbenzyl groups, various arylalkyl groups such as a phenylpropyl group and various phenylbutyl groups; and the like.
- Cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, various methylcyclohexyl
- the hydrocarbon group represented by R 5a preferably has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. From the viewpoint of further improving compatibility with the refrigerant, R 5a is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and a methyl group. is even more preferred.
- the number of units (degree of polymerization) of the structural unit represented by the general formula (A-2) is appropriately selected according to the kinematic viscosity required for the base oil (A).
- the polymer having a structural unit represented by the general formula (A-2) may be a homopolymer having only one type of the structural unit, or a copolymer having two or more types of the structural unit. may be When the polymer is a copolymer, the form of copolymerization is not particularly limited, and may be block copolymer, random copolymer or graft copolymer.
- a monovalent group derived from a saturated hydrocarbon, ether, alcohol, ketone, amide, nitrile or the like may be introduced into the terminal portion of the polymer (A-2).
- the polymer (A-2) preferably has a group represented by the following general formula (A-2-i) at one end.
- R 6a , R 7a and R 8a each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- a hydrogen group is preferred, and a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferred.
- hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms represented by R 6a , R 7a and R 8a the number of carbon atoms represented by R 1a , R 2a and R 3a in the above general formula (A-2)
- Examples of the hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 8 are the same as those listed above.
- R 9a represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and 2 to 4 carbon atoms. is more preferred.
- r1 is the number of repeating units of OR 9a and is usually 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 5, more preferably 0 to 3, still more preferably 0 is.
- the plurality of OR 9a may be the same or different from each other.
- the divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 9a the divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 4a in the above general formula (A-2) Same as listed.
- R 10a represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R 10a is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms when r1 in the general formula (A-2-i) is 0, and when r1 is 1 or more, carbon Alkyl groups of numbers 1 to 4 are preferred.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 10a is the same as those listed as the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 5a in the general formula (A-2). is mentioned.
- the other terminal portion is the general formula (A-2- i), a group represented by the following general formula (A-2-ii), a group represented by the following general formula (A-2-iii), and a group having an olefinically unsaturated bond Either is preferred.
- R 6a , R 7a , R 8a , R 9a , R 10a and r1 are defined in general formula (A-2-i) above. is the same as In formula (A-2-ii), R 11a , R 12a and r2 are the same as defined for R 9a , R 10a and r1 in general formula (A-2-i) above.
- the copolymer (ECP) of poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or its monoether and polyvinyl ether comprises a structural unit derived from poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or its monoether and a structural unit derived from polyvinyl ether. Any copolymer may be used as long as it has.
- poly(oxy)alkylene glycol refers to both polyalkylene glycol and polyoxyalkylene glycol.
- ECP when ECP is contained in the base oil (A), ECP may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- a copolymer (A-3-i) represented by the following general formula (A-3-i) or a copolymer (A-3-ii) represented by the general formula (A-3-ii) 3-ii) is preferred.
- R 1c , R 2c and R 3c each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Each R 4c independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Each R 5c independently represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Each R 6c is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted 6 to 6 carbon ring atoms 24 aromatic groups, acyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or oxygen-containing hydrocarbon groups having 2 to 50 carbon atoms.
- R 1c , R 2c , R 3c , R 4c , R 5c , and R 6c may be the same or different for each structural unit.
- X C and Y C each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- v in the general formulas (A-3-i) and (A-3-ii) is the average number of units represented by OR 5c and represents a number of 1 or more, preferably 1 to 50 is the number of When there are multiple OR 5c 's, the multiple OR 5c 's may be the same or different.
- OR 5c indicates a structural unit derived from poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or its monoether.
- u in the general formula (A-3-i) represents a number of 0 or more, preferably a number of 0 to 50
- w represents a number of 1 or more, preferably a number of 1 to 50 .
- x and y in general formula (A-3-ii) each independently represent a number of 1 or more, preferably a number of 1-50.
- the values of v, u, w, x and y are not particularly limited as long as they are adjusted according to the hydroxyl value required for the base oil (A).
- the form of copolymerization of the copolymer (A-3-i) and the copolymer (A-3-ii) is not particularly limited, and may be a block copolymer or a random copolymer. or a graft copolymer.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which can be selected as R 1c , R 2c and R 3c the hydrocarbon group having 1 carbon atom which can be selected as R 1a , R 2a and R 3a in general formula (A-1)
- the same as the monovalent hydrocarbon group under 1 to 8 can be mentioned.
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group that can be selected for R 1c , R 2c and R 3c is preferably 1-8, more preferably 1-6, and still more preferably 1-3.
- R 1c , R 2c , and R 3c are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, still more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. At least one of R 1c , R 2c and R 3c is preferably a hydrogen atom, more preferably all of R 1c , R 2c and R 3c are hydrogen atoms.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that can be selected as R 4c include the same hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that can be selected as R 5a in general formula (A-2).
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group that can be selected as R 4c is preferably 1-8, more preferably 1-6, and still more preferably 1-4.
- the alkylene group that can be selected as R 5c includes the same alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms that can be selected as R 14a in general formula (A-1), preferably a propylene group (—CH (CH 3 )CH 2 —).
- the content of the oxypropylene units (-OCH(CH 3 )CH 2 -) is the same as that of the copolymer (A- Based on the total amount (100 mol%) of oxyalkylene (OR 5c ), which is a structural unit derived from poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or its monoether in 3-i) or copolymer (A-3-ii), It is preferably 50 mol % or more and 100 mol % or less, more preferably 65 mol % or more and 100 mol % or less, still more preferably 80 mol % or more and 100 mol % or less.
- alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that can be selected as R 6c include methyl group, ethyl group, various propyl groups, various butyl groups, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl groups, various octyl groups, various nonyl group, various decyl groups, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms with the alkyl group is preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-6, still more preferably 1-3.
- Alicyclic groups having 3 to 20 ring-forming carbon atoms that can be selected as R 6c include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl and the like. is mentioned.
- the number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the alicyclic group is preferably 3-10, more preferably 3-8, still more preferably 3-6.
- the said alicyclic group may have the above-mentioned substituent, As said substituent, an alkyl group is preferable.
- aromatic groups having 6 to 24 ring carbon atoms that can be selected as R 6c include phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl and phenanthryl groups.
- the number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the aromatic group is preferably 6-18, more preferably 6-12.
- the aromatic group may have the above-described substituent, and the substituent is preferably an alkyl group.
- acyl group having 2 to 20 ring carbon atoms which can be selected as R 6c include acetyl group, propionyl group, butyryl group, isobutyryl group, valeryl group, isovaleryl group, piperoyl group, benzoyl group and toluoyl group. be done.
- the acyl group preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- oxygen-containing hydrocarbon groups having 2 to 50 carbon atoms that can be selected as R 6c include methoxymethyl group, methoxyethyl group, methoxypropyl group, 1,1-bismethoxypropyl group and 1,2-bismethoxypropyl group. group, ethoxypropyl group, (2-methoxyethoxy)propyl group, (1-methyl-2-methoxy)propyl group and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms in the carbon-containing hydrocarbon group is preferably 2-20, more preferably 2-10, still more preferably 2-6.
- Hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that can be selected as X C and Y C include alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 6, and still more preferably 1 to 3). , a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring-forming carbon atoms (preferably 3 to 10, more preferably 3 to 8, more preferably 3 to 6), a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted Examples thereof include substituted naphthyl groups and arylalkyl groups having 7 to 20 (preferably 7 to 13) carbon atoms.
- POE Polyol esters
- POE includes, for example, esters of diols or polyols and fatty acids.
- POE may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- POE is preferably an ester of a diol or a polyol having 3 to 20 hydroxyl groups and a fatty acid having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Diols include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neo Pentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2 -diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol and the like.
- Polyols include trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, di-(trimethylolpropane), tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di-(pentaerythritol), tri-(pentaerythritol), glycerin.
- polyglycerin (dimer to 20-mer of glycerin), 1,3,5-pentanetriol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbitol glycerin condensate, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, polyhydric alcohols such as mannitol; xylose, arabinose, ribose, sugars such as rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, maltose, isomaltose, trehalose, sucrose, raffinose, gentianose, and melenditose; mentioned.
- neopentyl glycol trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, di-(trimethylolpropane), tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di-(pentaerythritol), tri-(penta Hindered alcohols such as erythritol) are preferred.
- the hindered alcohol means an alcohol having a quaternary carbon atom bonded to four carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more, still more preferably 5 or more, and still more preferably 8 or more from the viewpoint of lubricating performance. It is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 16 or less, even more preferably 12 or less, still more preferably 10 or less.
- the number of carbon atoms in the above fatty acid includes the carbon atoms of the carboxy group (--COOH) of the fatty acid.
- the fatty acid may be either a straight-chain fatty acid or a branched-chain fatty acid, but from the viewpoint of lubrication performance, a straight-chain fatty acid is preferable, and from the viewpoint of hydrolytic stability, a branched-chain fatty acid is preferred. preferable.
- fatty acids may be either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids.
- Fatty acids include isobutyric acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecane.
- linear or branched acids such as acids, octadecanoic acid, nonadecanic acid, icosanoic acid and oleic acid, or so-called neo acids in which the ⁇ carbon atom is quaternary.
- the POE may be a partial ester in which some of the hydroxyl groups of the polyol remain unesterified, or may be a complete ester in which all the hydroxyl groups are esterified. Further, POE may be a mixture of partial ester and complete ester, but is preferably complete ester.
- neopentyl glycol trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, di-(trimethylolpropane), tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di- Esters of hindered alcohols such as -(pentaerythritol) and tri-(pentaerythritol) are preferred, and esters of neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane and pentaerythritol are more preferred, and furthermore compatible with refrigerants. Esters of pentaerythritol are more preferable from the viewpoint of particularly excellent compatibility and hydrolysis stability.
- preferred POE include neopentyl glycol, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, oleic acid, isopentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, and 2-ethylpentane.
- acids diesters with one or more fatty acids selected from the group consisting of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid; trimethylolethane with isobutyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, selected from the group consisting of enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, oleic acid, isopentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid trimethylolpropane and isobutyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, oleic acid, isopentanoic acid, 2-methyl Triesters with one or more fatty acids selected from the group consisting of hexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid
- ester with two or more fatty acids may be a mixture of two or more esters of one fatty acid and polyol.
- an ester of a mixture of two or more fatty acids and a polyol is preferable from the viewpoint of improving low-temperature properties and compatibility with refrigerants.
- the main component of the base oil (A) is preferably the base oil (A1), more preferably the base oil (A2).
- the "main component” in this specification means the component with the highest content rate.
- the content of the base oil (A1) or the base oil (A2) in the base oil (A) is preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass, based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the base oil (A).
- the base oil (A1) is preferably PAG, PVE, ECP, or POE (that is, consisting only of PAG, PVE, ECP, or POE). Therefore, the content of PAG, PVE, ECP, or POE in the base oil (A) is preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass, more preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass, based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the base oil (A) is 60% by mass to 100% by mass, more preferably 70% by mass to 100% by mass, even more preferably 80% by mass to 100% by mass, still more preferably 90% by mass to 100% by mass, and even more preferably 100% by mass.
- the base oil (A2) is preferably PAG or PVE (that is, consisting of PAG or PVE only). Therefore, the content of PAG or PVE in the base oil (A) is preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass, more preferably 60% by mass to 100% by mass, more preferably 70% by mass to 100% by mass, even more preferably 80% by mass to 100% by mass, still more preferably 90% by mass to 100% by mass, and even more preferably 100% by mass .
- the base oil (A) may further contain other base oils within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- Other base oils include one or more selected from the group consisting of mineral oils and synthetic oils not falling under the aforementioned PVE, PAG, ECP, and POE.
- Mineral oils include, for example, lubricating oils obtained by atmospheric distillation of paraffinic crude oil, intermediate crude oil, or naphthenic crude oil, or by vacuum distillation of atmospheric residual oil obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil. Isomerization of refined oil and mineral oil wax by performing one or more of solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrorefining, etc. on fractions and oil produced by In addition, when a mineral oil is contained in the base oil (A), mineral oil may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- Synthetic oils that do not fall under the aforementioned PVE, PAG, ECP, and POE include, for example, polyesters, polycarbonates, hydrides of ⁇ -olefin oligomers, alicyclic hydrocarbon compounds, alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, Oils produced by isomerizing GTL WAX (gas-to-liquid wax) produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process and the like are included.
- the base oil (A) contains a synthetic oil that does not correspond to the above-mentioned PVE, PAG, ECP, and POE
- the synthetic oil may be used alone or in combination of two or more. may be used.
- the content of mineral oil is small from the viewpoint of the solubility of the silicone compound (B).
- the mineral oil content is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and even more preferably, based on the total amount of the base oil (A). It should not contain mineral oil.
- the 100° C. kinematic viscosity of the base oil (A) is preferably 3 mm 2 /s or more, more preferably 4 mm 2 /s or more, still more preferably 5 mm 2 /s, from the viewpoint of improving lubricating performance (load-bearing performance) and sealing performance. s or more. From the viewpoint of improving compatibility with the refrigerant, it is preferably 50 mm 2 /s or less, more preferably 40 mm 2 /s or less, and even more preferably 30 mm 2 /s or less. The upper and lower limits of these numerical ranges can be combined arbitrarily.
- the 100° C. kinematic viscosity of base oil (A) is a value measured according to JIS K2283:2000.
- the hydroxyl value of the base oil (A) is preferably 30 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 25 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 20 mgKOH/g or less, from the viewpoint of improving the thermal stability of the refrigerator oil composition. Moreover, it is usually 0.5 mgKOH/g or more.
- the hydroxyl value of base oil (A) is a value measured by a neutralization titration method in accordance with JIS K0070:1992.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the base oil (A) is preferably 300 or more, more preferably 400 or more, still more preferably 500 or more, from the viewpoint of improving lubricating performance (load-bearing performance) and sealing performance. From the viewpoint of improving compatibility with the refrigerant, it is preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 7,000 or less, and even more preferably 5,000 or less. The upper and lower limits of these numerical ranges can be combined arbitrarily. Specifically, it is preferably 300 to 10,000, more preferably 400 to 7,000, still more preferably 500 to 5,000. As used herein, the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the base oil (A) is a value measured by the method described in Examples below.
- the refrigerator oil composition of the present embodiment contains one or more silicone compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of unmodified silicone (B1) and modified silicone (B2).
- the siloxane bond in the polysiloxane skeleton of the silicone compound (B) reacts with the fluorine content (e.g., hydrofluoric acid, etc.) generated by the decomposition of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compound (HFO) in a high-temperature environment. highly sexual. Therefore, the silicone compound (B) has the function of capturing the fluorine content by taking it into the molecule. It is presumed that this function suppresses the elution of fluorine into the refrigerator oil composition and suppresses the increase in the acid value of the refrigerator oil composition.
- the fluorine content e.g., hydrofluoric acid, etc.
- the content of the silicone compound (B) is required to be 0.05% by mass or more based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the refrigerator oil composition. If the content of the silicone compound (B) is less than 0.05% by mass, the elution of fluorine into the refrigerating machine oil composition cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and an increase in the acid value of the refrigerating machine oil composition is suppressed. It will not be possible to make full use of the effect.
- the content of the silicone compound (B) is preferably based on the total amount of the refrigeration oil composition (100% by mass).
- the upper limit of the content of the silicone compound (B) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of obtaining an effect commensurate with the amount added, it is preferably 5.0% by mass or less, more preferably 4.0% by mass or less. , and more preferably 3.0% by mass or less. The upper and lower limits of these numerical ranges can be combined arbitrarily.
- the silicone compound (B) one or more silicone compounds selected from the group consisting of unmodified silicone (B1) and modified silicone (B2) can be used without particular limitation.
- the silicone compound (B) preferably contains a modified silicone (B2), and the modified silicone (B2) has at least a side chain of the polysiloxane skeleton. It preferably contains a modified side chain-modified silicone (B21).
- the unmodified silicone (B1) and modified silicone (B2) are described in detail below.
- the unmodified silicone (B1) is a silicone compound in which all of the side chains and terminals of the polysiloxane skeleton are composed of alkyl groups, and no functional groups other than the alkyl groups have been introduced into the side chains and terminals of the polysiloxane skeleton. is.
- Preferred examples of the unmodified silicone (B1) include compounds represented by the following general formula (b1-1).
- R b1 and R b2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- n is an integer of 1 or more.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group that can be selected as R b1 and R b2 is preferably 1-6, more preferably 1-3, still more preferably 1-2, and most preferably 1.
- Rb1 is referred to as the side chain alkyl group of the polysiloxane skeleton
- Rb2 is referred to as the terminal alkyl group of the polysiloxane skeleton.
- a commercially available product may be used as the unmodified silicone (B1).
- dimethyl silicone polydimethylsiloxane
- commercially available products include, for example, KF-96 series manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., and the like.
- the unmodified silicone (B1) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the modified silicone (B2) is a silicone compound in which at least one of the side chain and the terminal of the polysiloxane skeleton in the unmodified silicone (B1) is modified. It should be noted that "at least one of the side chains and terminals of the polysiloxane skeleton is modified” means that the side chain alkyl group of the polysiloxane skeleton (R b1 in the general formula (b1-1)) and the terminal (R b2 in the general formula (b1-1)) is substituted with a functional group other than the alkyl group.
- the modified silicone (B2) is one or more selected from side chain-modified modified silicones in which the side chain of the polysiloxane skeleton in the unmodified silicone (B1) is modified and the end is unmodified. It may be one or more selected from terminal-modified modified silicones in which the ends of the polysiloxane skeleton in the unmodified silicone (B1) are modified and the side chains are unmodified.
- the modified silicone (B1) may be one or more selected from side chain end-modified modified silicones in which both the side chains and terminals of the polysiloxane skeleton are modified.
- Side chain-modified modified silicones include, for example, monoamine-modified silicones, diamine-modified silicones, special amino-modified silicones, epoxy-modified silicones, alicyclic epoxy-modified silicones, carbinol-modified silicones, mercapto-modified silicones, carboxyl-modified silicones, hydro Jen-modified silicone, amino-polyether-modified silicone, epoxy-polyether-modified silicone, epoxy-aralkyl-modified silicone, polyether-modified silicone, aralkyl-modified silicone, fluoroalkyl-modified silicone, long-chain alkyl-modified silicone, higher fatty acid ester-modified silicone, Examples include higher fatty acid amide-modified silicones, polyether/long-chain alkyl/aralkyl-modified silicones, long-chain alkyl/aralkyl-modified silicones, and phenyl-modified silicones. These may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type
- Terminal-modified modified silicones include, for example, amino-modified silicones, epoxy-modified silicones, alicyclic epoxy-modified silicones, carbinol-modified silicones, methacryl-modified silicones, polyether-modified silicones, mercapto-modified silicones, carboxyl-modified silicones, and phenol-modified silicones.
- Both end-modified modified silicones such as silicone, silanol-modified silicone, acrylic-modified silicone, and carboxylic acid anhydride-modified silicone; epoxy-modified silicone, carbinol-modified silicone, diol-modified silicone, methacrylic-modified silicone, and carboxyl-modified silicone; Modified silicones with one end modified type can be mentioned.
- side chain end-modified modified silicone examples include side chain amino-modified/both-ends methoxy-modified silicone, side-chain epoxy-modified/both-ends epoxy-modified silicone, and the like.
- the modified silicone (B2) is one selected from side chain modified modified silicones and side chain terminal modified modified silicones. It preferably includes the above. That is, the modified silicone (B2) preferably contains a side chain-modified silicone (B21) in which at least the side chains of the polysiloxane skeleton in the unmodified silicone (B1) are modified.
- the content of the side chain-modified silicone (B21) in the modified silicone (B2) is preferably 50 based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the modified silicone (B2) from the viewpoint of making it easier to exhibit the effects of the present invention.
- % to 100% by mass more preferably 60% to 100% by mass, still more preferably 70% to 100% by mass, even more preferably 80% to 100% by mass, still more preferably 90% to 100% by mass % by weight, more preferably 95% to 100% by weight.
- the side chain-modified silicone (B21) is preferably a side chain-modified silicone (B21a) having one or more epoxy groups.
- the side chain-modified silicone having one or more epoxy groups (B21a) includes side chain-modified epoxy-modified silicone, side-chain-modified alicyclic epoxy-modified silicone, side-chain-modified epoxy/polyether-modified silicone, Side chain modified type epoxy/aralkyl modified silicone; side chain terminal modified type side chain epoxy modified/both terminal epoxy modified silicone and the like.
- a commercially available product may be used as the side chain-modified silicone (B21a) having one or more epoxy groups.
- Commercial products of side chain modified epoxy-modified silicone include X-22-343, KF-101, KF-1001 and X-22-2000 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.; SF8411 Fluid manufactured by Dow Toray Industries, Inc. , SF8413 Fluid, and the like.
- Commercial products of side chain-modified alicyclic epoxy-modified silicone include X-22-2046 and KF-102 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.; BY16-839 Fluid and L-9300 manufactured by Dow Toray Industries, Inc. is mentioned.
- side chain-modified epoxy/polyether-modified silicone Commercial products of side chain-modified epoxy/polyether-modified silicone include X-22-4741 and KF-1002 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.; BY16-876 and FZ-3736 Fluid manufactured by Dow Toray Industries, Inc. is mentioned.
- Commercially available products of the side chain-modified epoxy-aralkyl-modified silicone include KF-1005 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., and the like.
- Examples of commercially available products of side chain terminal modified type side chain epoxy modified/both terminal epoxy modified silicone include X-22-9002 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., and the like.
- the side chain-modified silicone (B21a) having one or more epoxy groups can be selected from side chain-modified epoxy-modified silicones and side chain-modified alicyclic epoxy-modified silicones. It is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the content of the side chain-modified silicone (B21a) in the modified silicone (B2) is preferably 50 based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the modified silicone (B2) from the viewpoint of making it easier to exhibit the effects of the present invention. % to 100% by mass, more preferably 60% to 100% by mass, still more preferably 70% to 100% by mass, even more preferably 80% to 100% by mass, still more preferably 90% to 100% by mass % by weight, more preferably 95% to 100% by weight.
- the modified silicone (B2) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the unmodified silicone (B1) is preferably small from the viewpoint of making it easier to improve the effects of the present invention.
- the content of the unmodified silicone (B1) is preferably 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 5 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 1 part by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the modified silicone (B2). be.
- the refrigerator oil composition of the present embodiment may further contain an acid scavenger (C).
- Acid scavengers (C) include epoxy compounds.
- the epoxy compound having a polysiloxane skeleton shall be attributed to the silicone compound (B).
- examples of epoxy compounds include glycidyl ether compounds, cyclohexene oxides, and ⁇ -olefin oxides. Among these, glycidyl ether compounds are preferred from the viewpoint of making it easier to improve the effects of the present invention.
- an aliphatic mono- or polyhydric alcohol having usually 3 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms, or glycidyl derived from an aromatic compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups. ethers.
- the aliphatic mono- or polyhydric alcohol may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may be saturated or unsaturated, but saturated aliphatic mono-alcohol is preferred.
- Glycidyl ether compounds include, for example, phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl ether, alkylene glycol glycidyl ether and the like.
- Alcohol-derived glycidyl ethers ie, alkyl glycidyl ethers having 6 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group are more preferred.
- glycidyl ethers examples include 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, isononyl glycidyl ether, decyl glycidyl ether, lauryl glycidyl ether, myristyl glycidyl ether and the like, with 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether being most preferred.
- an alkyl glycidyl ether such as 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, an increase in the acid value of the refrigerating machine oil composition can be appropriately prevented, and oxidation stability at high temperatures can be easily improved.
- the content of the acid scavenger (C) is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil composition.
- the content of the acid scavenger (C) is more preferably 0.4% by mass or more, and still more preferably 0.5% by mass or more.
- an acid scavenger (C) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the content ratio [(B)/(C)] of the silicone compound (B) and the acid scavenger (C) is The mass ratio is preferably 0.025 or more, more preferably 0.030 or more, still more preferably 0.035 or more, still more preferably 0.040 or more, still more preferably 0.045 or more, and still more preferably 0.045 or more. 050 or more, more preferably 0.15 or more, even more preferably 0.25 or more, and even more preferably 0.50 or more.
- the refrigerator oil composition of the present embodiment may further contain an antioxidant (D).
- the antioxidant (D) preferably includes one or more selected from the group consisting of phenol antioxidants and amine antioxidants.
- Phenolic antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,2′-methylenebis(4-methyl -6-tert-butylphenol) and the like.
- Amine-based antioxidants include phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and the like.
- the content of the antioxidant (D) is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05%, based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the refrigerating machine oil composition. It is at least 0.1% by mass, more preferably at least 0.1% by mass. Also, it is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and still more preferably 1% by mass or less. The upper and lower limits of these numerical ranges can be combined arbitrarily. Specifically, it is preferably 0.01% by mass to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.05% by mass to 3% by mass, and still more preferably 0.1% by mass to 1% by mass.
- the content ratio [(B)/(D)] of the silicone compound (B) and the antioxidant (D) is The mass ratio is preferably 0.17 or more, more preferably 0.33 or more, still more preferably 1.0 or more, still more preferably 1.7 or more, and even more preferably 3.3 or more. Also, it is preferably 17 or less, more preferably 13 or less, and still more preferably 10 or less. The upper and lower limits of these numerical ranges can be combined arbitrarily. Specifically, it is preferably 0.17 to 17, more preferably 0.33 to 3.3, still more preferably 1.0 to 10, even more preferably 1.7 to 10, still more preferably 3.3. ⁇ 10.
- the refrigerating machine oil composition of the present embodiment may further contain additives other than the above components (A), (B), (C), and (D) within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. good.
- Other additives include one or more selected from the group consisting of oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, and viscosity index improvers.
- the total content of these additives is preferably 0% by mass to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.01% by mass to 5% by mass, still more preferably based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the refrigerator oil composition. It is 0.1% by mass to 3% by mass.
- Oxygen scavengers include aliphatic unsaturated compounds, terpenes having double bonds, and the like.
- the unsaturated aliphatic compound is preferably an unsaturated hydrocarbon, and specific examples thereof include olefins; polyenes such as dienes and trienes.
- olefins such as 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, and 1-octadecene are preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity with oxygen.
- vitamin A ((2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9, represented by the molecular formula C 20 H 30 O
- Unsaturated aliphatic alcohols with conjugated double bonds such as -(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-yl)non-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol) are preferred.
- the terpene having a double bond is preferably a terpene hydrocarbon having a double bond, and from the viewpoint of reactivity with oxygen, ⁇ -farnesene (C 15 H 24 : 3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1 , 3,6,10-tetraene) and ⁇ -farnesene (C 15 H 24 : 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylidendodeca-1,6,10-triene) are more preferred.
- One oxygen scavenger may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- the copper deactivator includes N-[N,N'-dialkyl (alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms) aminomethyl]triazole and the like.
- the copper deactivator may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Viscosity index improvers include polymethacrylate, polyisobutylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, styrene-diene hydrogenated copolymers, and the like.
- a viscosity index improver may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the method for producing the above refrigerator oil composition is not particularly limited.
- the method for producing the refrigerating machine oil composition of the present embodiment is represented by the following general formula (1) CxFyHz ( 1 ) [In the general formula (1), x is an integer of 2 to 6, y is an integer of 1 to 11, and z is an integer of 1 to 11, and has one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds in the molecule.
- a method for producing a refrigerating machine oil composition used for a refrigerant containing one or more unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds selected from the compounds represented by A step of mixing a base oil (A) with one or more silicone compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of an unmodified silicone (B1) and a modified silicone (B2),
- the blending amount of the silicone compound (B) is 0.05% by mass or more based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil composition.
- the method for mixing the above components is not particularly limited, but for example, a method comprising the step of blending the base oil (A) with the silicone compound (B) can be mentioned.
- the acid scavenger (C), antioxidant (D), and other additives may be blended into the base oil (A) at the same time as the silicone compound (B), or may be blended separately.
- each component may be blended after adding a diluent oil or the like to form a solution (dispersion). After blending each component, it is preferable to stir and uniformly disperse the components by a known method.
- the acid value of the refrigerator oil composition after the autoclave test described later in the Examples is preferably 0.15 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 0.10 mgKOH/g or less.
- the amount of fluorine in the refrigerating machine oil composition after the autoclave test described in the examples described later is preferably 15 mass ppm or less, more preferably 10 mass ppm or less, and still more preferably 7 mass ppm, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil composition. ppm or less.
- the above refrigerator oil composition is mixed with a refrigerant and used as a mixture composition for refrigerators. That is, the mixed composition for a refrigerator contains the above-described refrigerator oil composition and a refrigerant.
- the refrigerant will be described below.
- the refrigerant used in the present embodiment has the following general formula (1) CxFyHz ( 1 ) [In the general formula (1), x is an integer of 2 to 6, y is an integer of 1 to 11, and z is an integer of 1 to 11, and has one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds in the molecule. ] is a refrigerant containing one or more unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon compounds selected from the compounds represented by
- the above general formula (1) represents the kind and number of elements in the molecule, and specifically represents an unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon compound having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (C).
- Unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon compounds having 2 to 6 carbon atoms have physical and chemical properties such as boiling point, freezing point and latent heat of vaporization required as refrigerants.
- the bonding form of x carbon atoms represented by C x includes unsaturated bonds such as carbon-carbon single bonds and carbon-carbon double bonds.
- the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is preferably a carbon-carbon double bond from the viewpoint of stability, and the unsaturated fluorocarbon compound has an unsaturated bond such as a carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule.
- Preferred examples of the unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon compound include fluorides of linear or branched chain olefins having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and cyclic olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Specifically, ethylene fluoride into which 1 to 3 fluorine atoms have been introduced, propene fluoride into which 1 to 5 fluorine atoms have been introduced, and butene into which 1 to 7 fluorine atoms have been introduced.
- Fluorides pentene fluorides introduced with 1 to 9 fluorine atoms, hexene fluorides introduced with 1 to 11 fluorine atoms, and cyclobutene fluorides introduced with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms , cyclopentene fluorides into which 1 to 7 fluorine atoms have been introduced, and cyclohexene fluorides into which 1 to 9 fluorine atoms have been introduced.
- propene fluorides are preferred, and propene having 3 to 5 fluorine atoms introduced is more preferred.
- 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), and 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ye) One or more selected from are preferable, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf) is more preferable.
- the above unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), and 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ye); You may use only 1 type independently.
- the refrigerant may be a mixed refrigerant containing, if necessary, other compounds in addition to the unsaturated fluorocarbon compound represented by the general formula (1).
- a saturated fluorocarbon compound preferably an alkane fluoride having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkane fluoride having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkane having 1 or 2 carbon atoms (methane or ethane ).
- the methane or ethane fluorides include trifluoromethane (R23), difluoromethane (R32), 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a), 1,1,2- Trifluoroethane (R143), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134), 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (R125), etc.
- difluoromethane and 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane are preferred.
- These saturated fluorocarbon compounds may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the refrigerant may contain a natural refrigerant.
- natural refrigerants include hydrocarbon refrigerants (HC), carbon dioxide (CO 2 , carbon dioxide gas), ammonia, and the like. These natural refrigerants may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the hydrocarbon refrigerant is preferably a hydrocarbon having 1 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrocarbon having 1 or more and 5 or less carbon atoms, and still more preferably a hydrocarbon having 3 or more and 5 or less carbon atoms. When the number of carbon atoms is 8 or less, the boiling point of the refrigerant does not become too high, which is preferable as a refrigerant.
- the hydrocarbon refrigerants include methane, ethane, ethylene, propane (R290), cyclopropane, propylene, n-butane, isobutane (R600a), 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentaneisobutane, and normal hexane.
- methane ethane
- ethylene propane (R290)
- cyclopropane propylene
- n-butane isobutane (R600a)
- 2-methylbutane n-pentane
- isopentane cyclopentaneisobutane
- normal hexane normal hexane.
- One or more selected from the group consisting of may be mentioned, and one of these may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- the refrigerant contains the unsaturated fluorocarbon compound represented by the above general formula (1).
- the content of the unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass, more preferably 60% by mass to 100% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerant. It is preferably 70% by mass to 100% by mass, even more preferably 80% by mass to 100% by mass, still more preferably 90% by mass to 100% by mass, and still more preferably 100% by mass.
- the refrigerating machine oil composition of the present embodiment is excellent in the effect of suppressing an increase in acid value even with a refrigerant containing a large amount of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds.
- the amount of the refrigerant and the refrigerant oil composition used is preferably 1 in terms of the mass ratio of the refrigerant oil composition to the refrigerant [(refrigerant oil composition)/(refrigerant)]. /99 to 90/10, more preferably 5/95 to 70/30.
- the mass ratio of the refrigerating machine oil composition to the refrigerant is within the above range, lubricity and suitable refrigerating capacity in the refrigerating machine can be obtained.
- the refrigerating machine oil composition and the mixed composition for refrigerating machines described above are preferably used in, for example, air conditioners, refrigerators, vending machines, showcases, refrigerating systems, hot water supply systems, or heating systems.
- air conditioners include car air conditioners such as open type car air conditioners and electric car air conditioners; gas heat pump (GHP) air conditioners; and the like.
- An aspect of the present invention provides the following [1] to [11].
- the silicone compound (B) contains the modified silicone (B2),
- the content ratio [(B)/(D)] of the silicone compound (B) and the antioxidant (D) is 0.17 or more in terms of mass ratio, according to [6] above.
- Refrigerant oil composition [8]
- the base oil (A) is selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, poly(oxy)alkylene glycols or copolymers of monoethers thereof and polyvinyl ethers, and polyol esters.
- the refrigerating machine oil composition according to any one of [1] to [7] above, containing one or more.
- a method for producing a refrigerating machine oil composition used for a refrigerant containing one or more unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds selected from the compounds represented by A step of mixing a base oil (A) with one or more silicone compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of an unmodified silicone (B1) and a modified silicone (B2), A method for producing a refrigerator oil composition, wherein the amount of the silicone compound (B) is 0.05% by mass or more based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil composition.
- GPC uses two columns "TSKgel SuperMultiporeHZ-M” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation that are sequentially connected, tetrahydrofuran as an eluent, and a refractive index detector (RI detector) as a detector.
- RI detector refractive index detector
- Mn number average molecular weight
- ⁇ Silicone compound (B)> Unmodified silicone (B1)) ⁇ “Dimethyl silicone”: KF-96H-12500cs (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) (Modified silicone (B2)) A side chain-modified silicone (B21) shown below was used.
- Epoxy-modified silicone 2 KF-101 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Alicyclic epoxy-modified silicone KF-102 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Alkyl-modified silicone KF-410 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Examples 1 to 17, Comparative Examples 1 to 5 A refrigerating machine oil composition having a composition shown in Table 1 was prepared by mixing each of the above components, and the autoclave test described below was performed. In addition, the numerical unit of the compounding composition in Table 1 is "mass%.” Moreover, the content of the silicone compound (B) in Table 1 means the content in terms of solid content.
- ⁇ Autoclave test> It was performed in accordance with Annex C of JIS K2211:2009. Specifically, a mixed composition for a refrigerator (water content: 2,000 ppm) obtained by mixing 30 g of the refrigerator oil composition of Examples 1 to 17 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 and 30 g of R1234yf in an autoclave having an internal volume of 200 mL. , and a metal catalyst consisting of iron, copper, and aluminum. Next, after evacuation was performed and the temperature was kept at 175° C. for 336 hours, the acid value of the refrigerating machine oil composition and the amount of fluorine in the refrigerating machine oil composition were evaluated by the methods described below.
- Evaluation of acid value of refrigerating machine oil composition It was measured by the indicator photometric titration method (see Appendix 1 in the left JIS standard) according to JIS K2501:2003. Evaluation criteria were as follows, and evaluations A and B were accepted. - Evaluation A: 0.10 mgKOH / g or less - Evaluation B: more than 0.10 mgKOH / g, 0.15 mgKOH / g or less - Evaluation C: more than 0.15 mgKOH / g
- the amount of fluorine in the refrigerating machine oil composition is determined by separating the refrigerant from the mixed composition for refrigerating machines after the autoclave test, and measuring fluorine ions ( F ⁇ ) was detected and measured. Evaluation criteria were as follows, and evaluations A and B were accepted. ⁇ Evaluation A: 10 mass ppm or less ⁇ Evaluation B: more than 10 mass ppm, 15 mass ppm or less ⁇ Evaluation C: more than 15 mass ppm
- Table 1 shows the following.
- the refrigerating machine oil compositions of Examples 1 to 17 containing 0.05% by mass or more of the silicone compound (B) were excellent in the effect of suppressing the increase in acid value of the refrigerating machine oil composition after the autoclave test, and the freezing after the test It can be seen that the amount of fluorine in the machine oil composition is also small.
- the refrigerator oil compositions of Examples 2 to 15 and 17 containing 0.05% by mass or more of the modified silicone (B2) (side chain-modified silicone (B21)) were the acid It can be seen that the effect of suppressing the increase in value is extremely excellent, and the amount of fluorine in the refrigerating machine oil composition after the test is extremely small.
- the refrigerator oil compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 which did not contain the silicone compound (B), had an insufficient effect of suppressing the increase in acid value of the refrigerator oil composition after the autoclave test. It can be seen that the amount of fluorine in the subsequent refrigerator oil composition also increased. From the above results, the silicone compound (B) captures the fluorine (F ⁇ ) eluted into the refrigerating machine oil composition due to the decomposition of the refrigerant, and by the action of reducing the amount of fluorine (F ⁇ ) in the refrigerating machine oil composition, It is presumed that this suppresses an increase in the acid value of the refrigerating machine oil composition.
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Abstract
Description
なお、本明細書において、「冷凍機用混合組成物」とは、「冷凍機油組成物」と「冷媒」とを混合した組成物を指す。
また、地球温暖化係数(GWP)が低い、1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(R1234ze)、2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(R1234yf)、及び1,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(R1234ye)等の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物(Hydro-Fluoro-Olefin;以下、「HFO」ともいう)の使用も検討されている(例えば、特許文献1を参照)。
[1] 下記一般式(1)
CxFyHz・・・(1)
[前記一般式(1)中、xは2~6、yは1~11、zは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]で表される化合物から選択される1種以上の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒に用いられる冷凍機油組成物であって、
基油(A)と、未変性シリコーン(B1)及び変性シリコーン(B2)からなる群から選択される1種以上のシリコーン化合物(B)と、を含有し、
前記シリコーン化合物(B)の含有量が、前記冷凍機油組成物の全量基準で、0.05質量%以上である、冷凍機油組成物。
[2] 下記一般式(1)
CxFyHz・・・(1)
[前記一般式(1)中、xは2~6、yは1~11、zは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]で表される化合物から選択される1種以上を含む冷媒と、上記[1]に記載の冷凍機油組成物と、を含有する、冷凍機用混合組成物。
[3] 下記一般式(1)
CxFyHz・・・(1)
[前記一般式(1)中、xは2~6、yは1~11、zは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]で表される化合物から選択される1種以上の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒に用いられる冷凍機油組成物の製造方法であって、
基油(A)と、未変性シリコーン(B1)及び変性シリコーン(B2)からなる群から選択される1種以上のシリコーン化合物(B)と、を混合する工程を含み、
前記シリコーン化合物(B)の配合量が、前記冷凍機油組成物の全量基準で、0.05質量%以上である、冷凍機油組成物の製造方法。
また、本明細書に記載された数値範囲「下限値~上限値」は、特に断りのない限り、下限値以上、上限値以下であることを意味する。
また、本明細書において、実施例の数値は、上限値又は下限値として用いられ得る数値である。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物は、下記一般式(1)
CxFyHz・・・(1)
[前記一般式(1)中、xは2~6、yは1~11、zは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]で表される化合物から選択される1種以上の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒に用いられる冷凍機油組成物である。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物は、基油(A)と、未変性シリコーン(B1)及び変性シリコーン(B2)からなる群から選択される1種以上のシリコーン化合物(B)と、を含有する。そして、シリコーン化合物(B)の含有量が、冷凍機油組成物の全量基準で、0.05質量%以上である。
その結果、未変性シリコーン(B1)及び変性シリコーン(B2)からなる群から選択される1種以上のシリコーン化合物(B)を特定量以上含有する冷凍機油組成物が、高温環境下における不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物(HFO)の分解により生じるフッ素分に起因する冷凍機油組成物中のフッ素濃度の上昇を抑制して、冷凍機油組成物の酸価上昇を抑制できることを見出すに至った。
すなわち、高温環境下において不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物(HFO)が分解することにより生じるフッ素分(例えば、フッ化水素酸等)は、シリコーン化合物(B)中のシロキサン結合との反応性が高いため、当該フッ素分がシリコーン化合物(B)中に捕捉される。その結果、冷凍機油組成物へのフッ素分の溶出が抑制され、冷凍機油組成物の酸価上昇を抑制できるものと推察される。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物において、成分(A)及び成分(B)の合計含有量は、冷凍機油組成物の全量(100質量%)基準で、好ましくは80質量%~100質量%、より好ましくは85質量%~100質量%、更に好ましくは90質量%~100質量%である。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物は、基油(A)を含有する。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物において、基油(A)の含有量は、冷凍機油組成物として要求される長期的な安定性の観点から、冷凍機油組成物の全量(100質量%)基準で、好ましくは85.0質量%以上、より好ましくは90.0質量%以上、更に好ましくは92.0質量%以上である。また、冷凍機油組成物中におけるシリコーン化合物(B)の含有量を確保しやすくする観点、さらにはシリコーン化合物(B)以外の添加剤の含有量を確保しやすくする観点から、好ましくは99.0質量%以下、より好ましくは98.5質量%以下、更に好ましくは98.0質量%以下である。
これらの数値範囲の上限値及び下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。具体的には、好ましくは85.0質量%~99.0質量%、より好ましくは90.0質量%~98.5質量%、更に好ましくは92.0質量%~98.0質量%である。
ここで、本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物において、シリコーン化合物(B)の溶解性の観点から、基油(A)は合成油であることが好ましい。
また、合成油の中でも、冷凍機油組成物の熱安定性向上の観点から、基油(A)は、ポリアルキレングリコール類(以下、「PAG」ともいう)、ポリビニルエーテル類(以下、「PVE」ともいう)、ポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール又はそのモノエーテルとポリビニルエーテルとの共重合体(以下、「ECP」ともいう)、及びポリオールエステル類(以下、「POE」ともいう)からなる群から選択される1種以上の基油(以下、「基油(A1)」ともいう)を含むことが好ましい。
さらに、冷媒との相溶性向上の観点、耐加水分解性向上の観点、及び冷凍機油組成物の熱安定性のさらなる向上の観点から、基油(A)は、PAG及びPVEからなる群から選択される1種以上の基油(以下、「基油(A2)」ともいう)を含むことがより好ましい。
以下、PAG、PVE、ECP、及びPOEについて、詳細に説明する。
PAGとしては、冷凍機油組成物において、基油として用いられているPAGを、特に制限なく使用することができるが、下記一般式(A-1)で表される重合体(A-1)であることが好ましい。
R13a-[(OR14a)p-OR15a]q (A-1)
なお、基油(A)中にPAGが含まれる場合、PAGは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
複素環基が有していてもよい置換基としては、炭素数1~10(好ましくは1~6、より好ましくは1~3)のアルキル基;環形成炭素数3~10(好ましくは3~8、より好ましくは5又は6)のシクロアルキル基;環形成炭素数6~18(好ましくは6~12)のアリール基;ハロゲン原子(フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子);シアノ基;ニトロ基;ヒドロキシ基;アミノ基等が挙げられる。
これらの置換基は、更に上述の任意の置換基により置換されていてもよい。
なお、qは、上記一般式(A-1)中のR13aの結合部位の数に応じて定められる。例えば、R13aがアルキル基又はアシル基の場合には、qは1となり、R13aが炭化水素基又は複素環基であり、該基の価数が2、3、4、5、又は6価である場合、qはそれぞれ2、3、4、5、又は6となる。
pは、OR14aの繰り返し単位の数であって、通常1以上であり、好ましくはp×qが6~80となる数である。なお、pの値は、基油(A)の40℃動粘度を適切な範囲に調整するために適宜設定される値であり、40℃動粘度が適切な範囲となるように調整されていれば、特に制限されない。
なお、複数のR14aは、同一であってもよく、互いに異なっていてもよい。また、qが2以上の場合、1分子中の複数のR15aは、同一であってもよく、互いに異なっていてもよい。
ここで、「各種」とは「直鎖状、分岐鎖状、又は環状」の炭化水素基であることを表し、例えば、「各種ブチル基」とは、「n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、イソブチル基、tert-ブチル基、シクロブチル基」等の各種ブチル基を表す。また、環状構造を有する基については、オルト体、メタ体、パラ体等の位置異性体を含むことを示し、以下、同様である。
R13a及びR15aで表される1価の炭化水素基の炭素数は、冷媒との相溶性の観点から、好ましくは1~10、より好ましくは1~6、更に好ましくは1~3である。
R13a及びR15aで表されるアシル基の炭素数は、冷媒との相溶性の観点から、好ましくは2~8、より好ましくは2~6である。
R13aで表される2~6価のアシル基の炭素数は、冷媒との相溶性の観点から、好ましくは2~10、より好ましくは2~6である。
上記酸素原子含有複素環基としては、エチレンオキシド、1,3-プロピレンオキシド、テトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン、ヘキサメチレンオキシド等の酸素原子含有飽和複素環;アセチレンオキシド、フラン、ピラン、オキシシクロヘプタトリエン、イソベンゾフラン、イソクロメン等の酸素原子含有不飽和複素環が有する水素原子を1~6個除いた残基等が挙げられる。
また、上記硫黄原子含有複素環基としては、エチレンスルフィド、トリメチレンスルフィド、テトラヒドロチオフェン、テトラヒドロチオピラン、ヘキサメチレンスルフィド等の硫黄原子含有飽和複素環、アセチレンスルフィド、チオフェン、チアピラン、チオトリピリデン等の硫黄原子含有不飽和複素環等が有する水素原子を1~6個除いた残基が挙げられる。
上記複素環基の環形成原子数は、冷媒との相溶性の観点から、好ましくは3~10、より好ましくは3~6である。
PVEは、ビニルエーテル由来の構成単位を1種以上有する重合体であり、冷凍機油組成物において、基油として用いられているPVEを、特に制限なく使用することができる。
なお、基油(A)中にPVEが含まれる場合、PVEは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
PVEは、冷媒との相溶性の観点から、ビニルエーテル由来の構成単位を1種以上有し、側鎖に炭素数1~4のアルキル基を有する重合体が好ましい。該アルキル基としては、冷媒との相溶性をより向上させる観点から、メチル基又はエチル基が好ましく、メチル基がより好ましい。
R1a、R2a、及びR3aは、各々独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~8のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基がより好ましく、水素原子が更に好ましい。
R4aで表される炭化水素基の炭素数は、好ましくは2~6、より好ましくは2~4である。
R4aは、炭素数2~10の2価の脂肪族基が好ましく、炭素数2~4の2価の脂肪族基がより好ましい。
R5aで表される炭化水素基の炭素数は、好ましくは1~8、より好ましくは1~6である。
R5aは、冷媒との相溶性をより向上させる観点から、炭素数1~6のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~4のアルキル基がより好ましく、メチル基又はエチル基が更に好ましく、メチル基がより更に好ましい。
また、上記一般式(A-2)で表される構成単位を有する重合体は、該構成単位を1種のみ有する単独重合体であってもよく、該構成単位を2種以上有する共重合体であってもよい。なお、重合体が共重合体である場合、共重合の形態としては、特に制限はなく、ブロック共重合体、ランダム共重合体又はグラフト共重合体のいずれであってもよい。
式(A-2-i)中、R6a、R7a、及びR8aは、各々独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~8の炭化水素基を示し、水素原子又は炭素数1~6の炭化水素基が好ましく、水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基がより好ましい。
R6a、R7a、及びR8aで表される炭素数1~8の炭化水素基としては、上記一般式(A-2)中のR1a、R2a、及びR3aで表される炭素数1~8の炭化水素基として列挙したものと同じものが挙げられる。
上記式(A-2-i)中、r1は、OR9aの繰り返し単位の数であって、通常0~10であるが、好ましくは0~5、より好ましくは0~3、更に好ましくは0である。なお、上記一般式(A-2-i)で表される構成単位中にOR9aが複数存在する場合、複数のOR9aは、同一であってもよく、互いに異なっていてもよい。
R9aで表される炭素数2~10の2価の炭化水素基としては、上記一般式(A-2)中のR4aで表される炭素数2~10の2価の炭化水素基として列挙したものと同じものが挙げられる。
なお、R10aとしては、上記一般式(A-2-i)中のr1が0である場合には、炭素数1~6のアルキル基が好ましく、r1が1以上である場合には、炭素数1~4のアルキル基が好ましい。
R10aで表される炭素数1~10の炭化水素基としては、上記一般式(A-2)中のR5aで表される炭素数1~10の炭化水素基として列挙したものと同じものが挙げられる。
ポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール又はそのモノエーテルとポリビニルエーテルとの共重合体(ECP)としては、ポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール又はそのモノエーテルに由来の構成単位と、ポリビニルエーテルに由来の構成単位とを有する共重合体であればよい。
なお、「ポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール」とは、ポリアルキレングリコール及びポリオキシアルキレングリコールの両方を指す。
また、基油(A)中にECPが含まれる場合、ECPは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
当該ECPの中でも、次の一般式(A-3-i)で表される共重合体(A-3-i)又は一般式(A-3-ii)で表される共重合体(A-3-ii)であることが好ましい。
R4cは、各々独立に、炭素数1~10の炭化水素基を示す。
R5cは、各々独立に、炭素数2~4のアルキレン基を示す。
R6cは、各々独立に、水素原子、炭素数1~20以下のアルキル基、置換若しくは無置換の環形成炭素数3~20の脂環式基、置換若しくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~24の芳香族基、炭素数2~20のアシル基、又は炭素数2~50の酸素含有炭化水素基を示す。
なお、R1c、R2c、R3c、R4c、R5c、及びR6cが複数存在する場合、構成単位ごとにそれぞれ同一であってもよく、それぞれ異なっていてもよい。
XC及びYCは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、水酸基、又は炭素数1~20の炭化水素基を示す。
一般式(A-3-i)中のuは、0以上の数を示し、好ましくは0~50の数であり、wは、1以上の数を示し、好ましくは1~50の数である。
一般式(A-3-ii)中のx及びyは、それぞれ独立に、1以上の数を示し、好ましくは1~50の数である。
なお、上記v、u、w、x、yの値は、基油(A)に要求される水酸基価に応じて調整されていればよく、特に制限はない。
R1c、R2c、及びR3cとして選択し得る前記炭化水素基の炭素数としては、好ましくは1~8、より好ましくは1~6、更に好ましくは1~3である。
R1c、R2c、及びR3cとしては、それぞれ独立に、好ましくは水素原子又は炭素数1~8のアルキル基、より好ましくは水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基、更に好ましくは水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基である。
また、R1c、R2c、及びR3cの少なくとも一つが水素原子であることが好ましく、R1c、R2c、及びR3cの全てが水素原子であることがより好ましい。
R4cとして選択し得る前記炭化水素基の炭素数としては、好ましくは1~8、より好ましくは1~6、更に好ましくは1~4である。
なお、共重合体(A-3-i)又は共重合体(A-3-ii)において、オキシプロピレン単位(-OCH(CH3)CH2-)の含有量は、共重合体(A-3-i)又は共重合体(A-3-ii)中のポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール若しくはそのモノエーテルに由来の構成単位であるオキシアルキレン(OR5c)の全量(100モル%)基準で、好ましくは50モル%以上100モル%以下、より好ましくは65モル%以上100モル%以下、更に好ましくは80モル%以上100モル%以下である。
当該アルキル基との炭素数としては、好ましくは1~10、より好ましくは1~6、更に好ましくは1~3である。
当該脂環式基の環形成炭素数としては、好ましくは3~10、より好ましくは3~8、更に好ましくは3~6である。
なお、当該脂環式基は、前述の置換基を有していてもよく、当該置換基としては、アルキル基が好ましい。
当該芳香族基の環形成炭素数としては、好ましくは6~18、より好ましくは6~12である。
なお、当該芳香族基は、前述の置換基を有していてもよく、当該置換基としては、アルキル基が好ましい。
当該アシル基の炭素数としては、好ましくは2~10、好ましくは2~8、更に好ましくは2~6である。
当該炭素含有炭化水素基の炭素数としては、好ましくは2~20、より好ましくは2~10、更に好ましくは2~6である。
POEとしては、例えば、ジオール又はポリオールと、脂肪酸とのエステルが挙げられる。なお、基油(A)中にPOEが含まれる場合、POEは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
POEは、ジオール又は水酸基数が3~20のポリオールと、炭素数3~20の脂肪酸とのエステルが好ましい。
これらの中でも、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールブタン、ジ-(トリメチロールプロパン)、トリ-(トリメチロールプロパン)、ペンタエリスリトール、ジ-(ペンタエリスリトール)、トリ-(ペンタエリスリトール)等のヒンダードアルコールが好ましい。なお、ヒンダードアルコールとは、4つの炭素原子に結合する4級炭素原子を有するアルコールを意味する。
なお、上記の脂肪酸の炭素数には、該脂肪酸が有するカルボキシ基(-COOH)の炭素原子も含まれる。
また、脂肪酸としては、直鎖状脂肪酸又は分岐鎖状脂肪酸のいずれであってもよいが、潤滑性能の観点から、直鎖状脂肪酸が好ましく、加水分解安定性の観点から、分岐鎖状脂肪酸が好ましい。更に、脂肪酸は、飽和脂肪酸又は不飽和脂肪酸のいずれであってもよい。
更に具体的には、イソ酪酸、吉草酸(n-ペンタン酸)、カプロン酸(n-ヘキサン酸)、エナント酸(n-ヘプタン酸)、カプリル酸(n-オクタン酸)、ペラルゴン酸(n-ノナン酸)、カプリン酸(n-デカン酸)、オレイン酸(cis-9-オクタデセン酸)、イソペンタン酸(3-メチルブタン酸)、2-メチルヘキサン酸、2-エチルペンタン酸、2-エチルヘキサン酸、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸等が好ましい。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物において、基油(A)の主成分は、上記基油(A1)が好ましく、上記基油(A2)がより好ましい。なお、本明細書における「主成分」とは、最も含有率が多い成分を意味する。
基油(A)中における、基油(A1)又は基油(A2)の含有量は、基油(A)の全量(100質量%)基準で、好ましくは50質量%~100質量%、より好ましくは60質量%~100質量%、更に好ましくは70質量%~100質量%、より更に好ましくは80質量%~100質量%、更になお好ましくは90質量%~100質量%であり、より一層好ましくは100質量%である。
したがって、基油(A)中における、PAG、PVE、ECP、又はPOEの含有量は、基油(A)の全量(100質量%)基準で、好ましくは50質量%~100質量%、より好ましくは60質量%~100質量%、更に好ましくは70質量%~100質量%、より更に好ましくは80質量%~100質量%、更になお好ましくは90質量%~100質量%であり、より一層好ましくは100質量%である。
したがって、基油(A)中における、PAG又はPVEの含有量は、基油(A)の全量(100質量%)基準で、好ましくは50質量%~100質量%、より好ましくは60質量%~100質量%、更に好ましくは70質量%~100質量%、より更に好ましくは80質量%~100質量%、更になお好ましくは90質量%~100質量%であり、より一層好ましくは100質量%である。
基油(A)は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲内で、さらに他の基油を含有してもよい。
他の基油としては、鉱油並びに前述のPVE、PAG、ECP、及びPOEには該当しない合成油からなる群から選択される1種以上が挙げられる。
なお、鉱油が基油(A)中に含まれる場合、鉱油は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
なお、前述のPVE、PAG、ECP、及びPOEには該当しない合成油が基油(A)中に含まれる場合、当該合成油は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
基油(A)の100℃動粘度は、潤滑性能(耐荷重性能)及びシール性向上の観点から、好ましくは3mm2/s以上、より好ましくは4mm2/s以上、更に好ましくは5mm2/s以上である。また、冷媒との相溶性向上の観点から、好ましくは50mm2/s以下、より好ましくは40mm2/s以下、更に好ましくは30mm2/s以下である。
これらの数値範囲の上限値及び下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。具体的には、好ましくは3mm2/s~50mm2/s、より好ましくは4mm2/s~40mm2/s、更に好ましくは5mm2/s~30mm2/sである。
本明細書において、基油(A)の100℃動粘度は、JIS K2283:2000に準拠して測定した値である。
基油(A)の水酸基価は、冷凍機油組成物の熱安定性向上の観点から、好ましくは30mgKOH/g以下、より好ましくは25mgKOH/g以下、更に好ましくは20mgKOH/g以下である。また、通常、0.5mgKOH/g以上である。
本明細書において、基油(A)の水酸基価は、JIS K0070:1992に準拠して、中和滴定法により測定した値である。
基油(A)の数平均分子量(Mn)は、潤滑性能(耐荷重性能)及びシール性向上の観点から、好ましくは300以上、より好ましくは400以上、更に好ましくは500以上である。また、冷媒との相溶性向上の観点から、好ましくは10,000以下、より好ましくは7,000以下、更に好ましくは5,000以下である。
これらの数値範囲の上限値及び下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。具体的には、好ましくは300~10,000、より好ましくは400~7,000、更に好ましくは500~5,000である。
本明細書において、基油(A)の数平均分子量(Mn)は、後述する実施例に記載の方法により測定した値である。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物は、未変性シリコーン(B1)及び変性シリコーン(B2)からなる群から選択される1種以上のシリコーン化合物(B)を含有する。
シリコーン化合物(B)が有するポリシロキサン骨格中のシロキサン結合は、高温環境下において不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物(HFO)が分解することにより生じるフッ素分(例えば、フッ化水素酸等)との反応性が高い。そのため、シリコーン化合物(B)は、当該フッ素分を分子内に取り込んで捕捉する機能を有する。当該機能によって、冷凍機油組成物へのフッ素分の溶出が抑制され、冷凍機油組成物の酸価上昇を抑制できるものと推察される。
シリコーン化合物(B)の含有量が0.05質量%未満であると、冷凍機油組成物へのフッ素分の溶出を十分に抑制することができず、冷凍機油組成物の酸価上昇を抑制する効果を十分に発揮させることができなくなる。
ここで、冷凍機油組成物の酸価上昇を抑制する効果をより発揮させやすくする観点から、シリコーン化合物(B)の含有量は、冷凍機油組成物の全量基準(100質量%)基準で、好ましくは0.1質量%以上、より好ましくは0.3質量%以上、更に好ましくは0.5質量%以上、より更に好ましくは0.8質量%以上、更になお好ましくは1.0質量%以上である。なお、シリコーン化合物(B)の含有量の上限値については、特に制限されないが、添加量に見合った効果を得る観点から、好ましくは5.0質量%以下、より好ましくは4.0質量%以下、更に好ましくは3.0質量%以下である。
これらの数値範囲の上限値及び下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。具体的には、好ましくは0.1質量%~5.0質量%、より好ましくは0.3質量%~4.0質量%、更に好ましくは0.5質量%~3.0質量%、より更に好ましくは0.8質量%~3.0質量%、更になお好ましくは1.0質量%~3.0質量%である。
ここで、本発明の効果をより発揮させやすくする観点から、シリコーン化合物(B)は、変性シリコーン(B2)を含むことが好ましく、当該変性シリコーン(B2)は、ポリシロキサン骨格の少なくとも側鎖が変性された側鎖変性シリコーン(B21)を含むことが好ましい。
以下、未変性シリコーン(B1)及び変性シリコーン(B2)について詳細に説明する。
未変性シリコーン(B1)は、ポリシロキサン骨格の側鎖及び末端のすべてがアルキル基で構成されており、ポリシロキサン骨格の側鎖及び末端に当該アルキル基以外の官能基が導入されていないシリコーン化合物である。
未変性シリコーン(B1)としては、下記一般式(b1-1)で表される化合物が好ましくは挙げられる。
なお、以降の説明では、Rb1をポリシロキサン骨格の側鎖のアルキル基と呼び、Rb2をポリシロキサン骨格の末端のアルキル基と呼ぶこととする。
未変性シリコーン(B1)として、ジメチルシリコーン(ポリジメチルシロキサン)を用いる場合、市販品としては、例えば、信越化学工業株式会社製のKF-96シリーズ等が挙げられる。
変性シリコーン(B2)は、未変性シリコーン(B1)中のポリシロキサン骨格の側鎖及び末端の少なくともいずれかの部位が変性されたシリコーン化合物である。
なお、「ポリシロキサン骨格の側鎖及び末端の少なくともいずれかの部位が変性された」とは、ポリシロキサン骨格の側鎖のアルキル基(上記一般式(b1-1)中のRb1)及び末端のアルキル基(上記一般式(b1-1)中のRb2)の少なくともいずれか1つが、当該アルキル基以外の官能基により置換されていることを意味する。
これらは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
側鎖変性型のエポキシ変性シリコーンの市販品としては、信越化学工業株式会社製のX-22-343、KF-101、KF-1001、X-22-2000;ダウ・東レ株式会社製のSF8411 Fluid、SF8413 Fluid等が挙げられる。
側鎖変性型の脂環式エポキシ変性シリコーンの市販品としては、信越化学工業株式会社製のX-22-2046、KF-102;ダウ・東レ株式会社製のBY16-839 Fluid、L-9300等が挙げられる。
側鎖変性型のエポキシ・ポリエーテル変性シリコーンの市販品としては、信越化学工業株式会社製のX-22-4741、KF-1002;ダウ・東レ株式会社製のBY16-876、FZ-3736 Fluid等が挙げられる。
側鎖変性型のエポキシ・アラルキル変性シリコーンの市販品としては、信越化学工業株式会社製のKF-1005等が挙げられる。
側鎖末端変性型の側鎖エポキシ変性・両末端エポキシ変性シリコーンの市販品としては、信越化学工業株式会社製のX-22-9002等が挙げられる。
変性シリコーン(B2)中の側鎖変性シリコーン(B21a)の含有量は、本発明の効果をより発揮させやすくする観点から、変性シリコーン(B2)の全量(100質量%)基準で、好ましくは50質量%~100質量%、より好ましくは60質量%~100質量%、更に好ましくは70質量%~100質量%、より更に好ましくは80質量%~100質量%、更になお好ましくは90質量%~100質量%、一層好ましくは95質量%~100質量%である。
本実施形態において、冷凍機油組成物が変性シリコーン(B2)を含有する場合、本発明の効果をより向上させやすくする観点から、未変性シリコーン(B1)の含有量は少ないことが好ましい。
具体的には、未変性シリコーン(B1)の含有量は、変性シリコーン(B2)100質量部に対し、好ましくは10質量部以下、より好ましくは5質量部以下、更に好ましくは1質量部以下である。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物は、さらに酸捕捉剤(C)を含有してもよい。
酸捕捉剤(C)としては、エポキシ化合物が挙げられる。但し、本明細書において、ポリシロキサン骨格を有するエポキシ化合物は、シリコーン化合物(B)に帰属されるものとする。
エポキシ化合物としては、例えば、グリシジルエーテル化合物、シクロヘキセンオキシド、α-オレフィンオキシドが挙げられるが、これらの中でも、本発明の効果をより向上させやすくする観点から、グリシジルエーテル化合物であることが好ましい。
グリシジルエーテル化合物としては、炭素数が、通常3~30、好ましくは4~24、より好ましくは6~16の脂肪族モノ又は多価アルコール、あるいは水酸基を1個以上含有する芳香族化合物由来のグリシジルエーテルが挙げられる。脂肪族モノ又は多価アルコールは、直鎖状、分岐状、環状のいずれでもよく、また飽和若しくは不飽和のいずれでもよいが、飽和脂肪族モノアルコールであることが好ましい。
なお、脂肪族多価アルコールや水酸基を2個以上含有する芳香族化合物の場合、冷凍機油組成物の安定性及び水酸基価の上昇を抑える観点から、水酸基の全てがグリシジルエーテル化されていることが好ましい。
グリシジルエーテル化合物としては、例えば、フェニルグリシジルエーテル、アルキルグリシジルエーテル、アルキレングリコールグリシジルエーテル等が挙げられ、これらの中では、特に直鎖状、分岐状、環状の炭素数6~16の飽和脂肪族モノアルコール由来のグリシジルエーテル(すなわち、アルキル基の炭素数が6~16のアルキルグリシジルエーテル)がより好ましい。このようなグリシジルエーテルとしては、例えば2-エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル、イソノニルグリシジルエーテル、デシルグリシジルエーテル、ラウリルグリシジルエーテル、ミリスチルグリシジルエーテルなどが挙げられ、2-エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテルが最も好ましい。2-エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル等のアルキルグリシジルエーテルを使用することで、冷凍機油組成物の酸価の上昇を適切に防止して、高温下での酸化安定性をより良好にしやすくなる。
また、酸捕捉剤(C)の上記含有量は、より好ましくは0.4質量%以上、更に好ましくは0.5質量%以上である。また、より好ましくは5質量%以下、更に好ましくは4質量%以下、より更に好ましくは3質量%以下である。これらの数値範囲の上限値及び下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。具体的には、より好ましくは0.4質量%~5質量%、更に好ましくは0.5質量%~4質量%、より更に好ましくは0.5質量%~3質量%である。なお、酸捕捉剤(C)は、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物において、本発明の効果をより発揮させやすくする観点から、シリコーン化合物(B)と酸捕捉剤(C)との含有比率[(B)/(C)]は、質量比で、好ましくは0.025以上、より好ましくは0.030以上、更に好ましくは0.035以上、より更に好ましくは0.040以上、更になお好ましくは0.045以上、一層好ましくは0.050以上、より一層好ましくは0.15以上、更に一層好ましくは0.25以上、より更に一層好ましくは0.50以上である。また、好ましくは2.5以下、より好ましくは2.0以下、更に好ましくは1.6以下である。
これらの数値範囲の上限値及び下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。具体的には、好ましくは0.025~2.5、より好ましくは0.030~2.0、更に好ましくは0.035~1.6、より更に好ましくは0.040~1.6、更になお好ましくは0.045~1.6、一層好ましくは0.050~1.6、より一層好ましくは0.15~1.6、更に一層好ましくは0.25~1.6、より更に一層好ましくは0.50~1.6である。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物は、さらに酸化防止剤(D)を含有してもよい。
酸化防止剤(D)としては、好ましくは、フェノール系酸化防止剤及びアミン系酸化防止剤からなる群から選択される1種以上が挙げられる。
フェノール系酸化防止剤としては、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール(DBPC)、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-エチルフェノール、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)等が挙げられる。
アミン系酸化防止剤としては、フェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、N,N’-ジフェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、フェノール系酸化防止剤が好ましく、フェノール系酸化防止剤の中でも2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール(DBPC)が好ましい。
酸化防止剤(D)の含有量は、安定性及び酸化防止性能の観点から、冷凍機油組成物の全量(100質量%)基準で、好ましくは0.01質量%以上、より好ましくは0.05質量%以上、更に好ましくは0.1質量%以上である。また、好ましくは5質量%以下、より好ましくは3質量%以下、更に好ましくは1質量%以下である。
これらの数値範囲の上限値及び下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。具体的には、好ましくは0.01質量%~5質量%、より好ましくは0.05質量%~3質量%、更に好ましくは0.1質量%~1質量%である。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物において、本発明の効果をより発揮させやすくする観点から、シリコーン化合物(B)と酸化防止剤(D)との含有比率[(B)/(D)]は、質量比で、好ましくは0.17以上、より好ましくは0.33以上、更に好ましくは1.0以上、より更に好ましくは1.7以上、更になお好ましくは3.3以上である。また、好ましくは17以下、より好ましくは13以下、更に好ましくは10以下である。
これらの数値範囲の上限値及び下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。具体的には、好ましくは0.17~17、より好ましくは0.33~3.3、更に好ましくは1.0~10、より更に好ましくは1.7~10、更になお好ましくは3.3~10である。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲内で、上記成分(A)、(B)、(C)、及び(D)以外のその他添加剤を更に含有してもよい。
その他添加剤としては、酸素捕捉剤、銅不活性化剤、及び粘度指数向上剤からなる群から選択される1種以上が挙げられる。
これらの添加剤の合計含有量は、冷凍機油組成物の全量(100質量%)基準で、好ましくは0質量%~10質量%、より好ましくは0.01質量%~5質量%、更に好ましくは0.1質量%~3質量%である。
酸素捕捉剤としては、脂肪族不飽和化合物、二重結合を有するテルペン類等が挙げられる。
上記脂肪族不飽和化合物としては、不飽和炭化水素が好ましく、具体的には、オレフィン;ジエン、トリエン等のポリエン等が挙げられる。オレフィンとしては、酸素との反応性の観点から、1-テトラデセン、1-ヘキサデセン、1-オクタデセン等のα-オレフィンが好ましい。
上記以外の脂肪族不飽和化合物としては、酸素との反応性の観点から、分子式C20H30Oで表されるビタミンA((2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-ジメチル-9-(2,6,6-トリメチルシクロヘキセ-1-イル)ノナ-2,4,6,8-テトラエン-1-オール)等の共役二重結合を有する不飽和脂肪族アルコールが好ましい。
二重結合を有するテルペン類としては、二重結合を有するテルペン系炭化水素が好ましく、酸素との反応性の観点から、α-ファルネセン(C15H24:3,7,11-トリメチルドデカ-1,3,6,10-テトラエン)及びβ-ファルネセン(C15H24:7,11-ジメチル-3-メチリデンドデカ-1,6,10-トリエン)がより好ましい。
酸素捕捉剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
銅不活性化剤としては、N-[N,N’-ジアルキル(炭素数3~12のアルキル基)アミノメチル]トリアゾール等が挙げられる。
銅不活性化剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
粘度指数向上剤としては、ポリメタクリレート、ポリイソブチレン、エチレン-プロピレン共重合体、スチレン-ジエン水素化共重合体等が挙げられる。
粘度指数向上剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上記の冷凍機油組成物を製造する方法は、特に制限されない。
例えば、本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物の製造方法は、下記一般式(1)
CxFyHz・・・(1)
[前記一般式(1)中、xは2~6、yは1~11、zは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]で表される化合物から選択される1種以上の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒に用いられる冷凍機油組成物の製造方法であって、
基油(A)と、未変性シリコーン(B1)及び変性シリコーン(B2)からなる群から選択される1種以上のシリコーン化合物(B)と、を混合する工程を含み、
前記シリコーン化合物(B)の配合量が、前記冷凍機油組成物の全量基準で、0.05質量%以上である、冷凍機油組成物の製造方法である。
上記各成分を混合する方法としては、特に制限はないが、例えば、基油(A)に、シリコーン化合物(B)を配合する工程を有する方法が挙げられる。酸捕捉剤(C)、酸化防止剤(D)、及びその他添加剤は、それぞれシリコーン化合物(B)と同時に基油(A)に配合してもよいし、別々に配合してもよい。なお、各成分は、希釈油等を加えて溶液(分散体)の形態とした上で配合してもよい。各成分を配合した後、公知の方法により、撹拌して均一に分散させることが好ましい。
本実施形態において、冷凍機油組成物が有する、後述する実施例に記載のオートクレーブ試験後の物性値は、以下のとおりである。
後述する実施例に記載のオートクレーブ試験後の冷凍機油組成物の酸価は、好ましくは0.15mgKOH/g以下、より好ましくは0.10mgKOH/g以下である。
後述する実施例に記載のオートクレーブ試験後の冷凍機油組成物中のフッ素量は、冷凍機油組成物の全量基準で、好ましくは15質量ppm以下、より好ましくは10質量ppm以下、更に好ましくは7質量ppm以下である。
上記の冷凍機油組成物は、冷媒と混合し、冷凍機用混合組成物として使用される。
すなわち、冷凍機用混合組成物は、上記の冷凍機油組成物と、冷媒とを含有する。
以下、冷媒について説明する。
本実施形態において用いられる冷媒は、下記一般式(1)
CxFyHz・・・(1)
[前記一般式(1)中、xは2~6、yは1~11、zは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]で表される化合物から選択される1種以上の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒である。
上記一般式(1)において、Cxで表されるx個の炭素原子の結合形態は、炭素-炭素単結合、炭素-炭素二重結合等の不飽和結合などがある。炭素-炭素の不飽和結合は、安定性の点から、炭素-炭素二重結合であることが好ましく、不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物は、分子中に炭素-炭素二重結合等の不飽和結合を1以上有し、その数は1であるものが好ましい。すなわち、Cxで表されるx個の炭素原子の結合形態の少なくとも1つは、炭素-炭素二重結合であることがより好ましい。
具体的には、1~3個のフッ素原子が導入されたエチレンのフッ化物、1~5個のフッ素原子が導入されたプロペンのフッ化物、1~7個のフッ素原子が導入されたブテンのフッ化物、1~9個のフッ素原子が導入されたペンテンのフッ化物、1~11個のフッ素原子が導入されたヘキセンのフッ化物、1~5個のフッ素原子が導入されたシクロブテンのフッ化物、1~7個のフッ素原子が導入されたシクロペンテンのフッ化物、1~9個のフッ素原子が導入されたシクロヘキセンのフッ化物などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、プロペンのフッ化物が好ましく、フッ素原子が3~5個導入されたプロペンがより好ましい。具体的には、1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(R1234ze)、2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(R1234yf)、及び1,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(R1234ye)から選択される1種以上が好ましく、2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(R1234yf)がより好ましい。
上記の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。したがって、1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(R1234ze)、2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(R1234yf)、及び1,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(R1234ye)から選択される1種のみを単独で用いてもよい。
本実施形態において、冷媒は、上記一般式(1)に示す不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物に加えて、他の化合物を必要に応じて含む混合冷媒であってもよく、例えば飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含んでもよい。
飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物としては、好ましくは炭素数1~4のアルカンのフッ化物、より好ましくは炭素数1~3のアルカンのフッ化物、更に好ましくは炭素数1又は2のアルカン(メタン又はエタン)のフッ化物である。該メタン又はエタンのフッ化物としては、トリフルオロメタン(R23)、ジフルオロメタン(R32)、1,1-ジフルオロエタン(R152a)、1,1,1-トリフルオロエタン(R143a)、1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン(R143)、1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロエタン(R134a)、1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエタン(R134)、1,1,1,2,2-ペンタフルオロエタン(R125)等が挙げられ、これらの中でも、ジフルオロメタン及び1,1,1,2,2-ペンタフルオロエタンが好ましい。
これらの飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物は、1種を単独で用いてよく、2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。
前記炭化水素系冷媒としては、好ましくは炭素数1以上8以下の炭化水素、より好ましくは炭素数1以上5以下の炭化水素、更に好ましくは炭素数3以上5以下の炭化水素である。炭素数が8以下であると、冷媒の沸点が高くなり過ぎず冷媒として好ましい。該炭化水素系冷媒としては、メタン、エタン、エチレン、プロパン(R290)、シクロプロパン、プロピレン、n-ブタン、イソブタン(R600a)、2-メチルブタン、n-ペンタン、イソペンタン、シクロペンタンイソブタン、及びノルマルヘキサンからなる群より選ばれる1種以上が挙げられ、これらの1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本実施形態において、冷媒は、上記一般式(1)で表される不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む。
上記一般式(1)で表される不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物の含有量は、冷媒の全量基準で、好ましくは50質量%~100質量%、より好ましくは60質量%~100質量%、更に好ましくは70質量%~100質量%、より更に好ましくは80質量%~100質量%、更になお好ましくは90質量%~100質量%、一層好ましくは100質量%である。
本実施形態の冷凍機油組成物は、このように不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物の含有量が多い冷媒であっても、酸価上昇の抑制効果に優れる。
本実施形態の冷凍機用混合組成物において、冷媒及び冷凍機油組成物の使用量は、冷凍機油組成物と冷媒との質量比[(冷凍機油組成物)/(冷媒)]で、好ましくは1/99~90/10、より好ましくは5/95~70/30である。冷凍機油組成物と冷媒との質量比を該範囲内とすると、潤滑性及び冷凍機における好適な冷凍能力を得ることができる。
上記の冷凍機油組成物及び冷凍機用混合組成物は、例えば、空調機、冷蔵庫、自動販売機、ショーケース、冷凍システム、給湯システム、又は暖房システムに用いることが好ましい。なお、空調機としては、開放型カーエアコン、電動カーエアコン等のカーエアコン;ガスヒートポンプ(GHP)エアコン;等が挙げられる。
本発明の一態様では、下記[1]~[11]が提供される。
[1] 下記一般式(1)
CxFyHz・・・(1)
[前記一般式(1)中、xは2~6、yは1~11、zは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]で表される化合物から選択される1種以上の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒に用いられる冷凍機油組成物であって、
基油(A)と、未変性シリコーン(B1)及び変性シリコーン(B2)からなる群から選択される1種以上のシリコーン化合物(B)と、を含有し、
前記シリコーン化合物(B)の含有量が、前記冷凍機油組成物の全量基準で、0.05質量%以上である、冷凍機油組成物。
[2] 前記シリコーン化合物(B)は、前記変性シリコーン(B2)を含み、
前記変性シリコーン(B2)は、ポリシロキサン骨格の少なくとも側鎖が変性された側鎖変性シリコーン(B21)を含む、上記[1]に記載の冷凍機油組成物。
[3] 前記側鎖変性シリコーン(B21)が、1以上のエポキシ基を有する側鎖変性シリコーン(B21a)である、上記[2]に記載の冷凍機油組成物。
[4] さらに、酸捕捉剤(C)を含有する、上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の冷凍機油組成物。
[5] 前記シリコーン化合物(B)と前記酸捕捉剤(C)との含有比率[(B)/(C)]が、質量比で、0.025以上である、上記[4]に記載の冷凍機油組成物。
[6] さらに、酸化防止剤(D)を含有する、上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の冷凍機油組成物。
[7] 前記シリコーン化合物(B)と前記酸化防止剤(D)との含有比率[(B)/(D)]が、質量比で、0.17以上である、上記[6]に記載の冷凍機油組成物。
[8] 前記基油(A)が、ポリアルキレングリコール類、ポリビニルエーテル類、ポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール又はそのモノエーテルとポリビニルエーテルとの共重合体、及びポリオールエステル類からなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、上記[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の冷凍機油組成物。
[9] 前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、R1234ze、R1234yf、及びR1234yeからなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、上記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の冷凍機油組成物。
[10] 下記一般式(1)
CxFyHz・・・(1)
[前記一般式(1)中、xは2~6、yは1~11、zは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]で表される化合物から選択される1種以上を含む冷媒と、上記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の冷凍機油組成物と、を含有する、冷凍機用混合組成物。
[11] 下記一般式(1)
CxFyHz・・・(1)
[前記一般式(1)中、xは2~6、yは1~11、zは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]で表される化合物から選択される1種以上の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒に用いられる冷凍機油組成物の製造方法であって、
基油(A)と、未変性シリコーン(B1)及び変性シリコーン(B2)からなる群から選択される1種以上のシリコーン化合物(B)と、を混合する工程を含み、
前記シリコーン化合物(B)の配合量が、前記冷凍機油組成物の全量基準で、0.05質量%以上である、冷凍機油組成物の製造方法。
各実施例及び各比較例で用いた各原料並びに各実施例及び各比較例の冷凍機油組成物の各性状の測定は、以下に示す要領に従って行ったものである。
(1)100℃動粘度
基油(A)の100℃動粘度は、JIS K2283:2000に準拠して測定した。
(2)水酸基価
基油(A)のJIS K0070:1992に準拠して、中和滴定法により測定した。
(3)数平均分子量(Mn)
基油(A)の数平均分子量(Mn)は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ(GPC)装置を用いて測定した。
GPCは、カラムとして東ソー株式会社製「TSKgel SuperMultiporeHZ-M」2本を順次連結したものを用い、テトラヒドロフランを溶離液として、検出器に屈折率検出器(RI検出器)を用いて測定を行い、ポリスチレンを標準試料として数平均分子量(Mn)を求めた。
冷凍機油組成物の調製に用いた各成分の詳細について、以下に示す。
(基油(A-1))
・「PAG」:ポリオキシプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル(上記一般式(A-1-i)で表される化合物)、100℃動粘度=9.5mm2/s、水酸基価=6mgKOH/g、数平均分子量=1,100
(基油(A-2))
・「PVE」:ポリビニルエーテル(上記一般式(A-2)中、R1a、R2a、及びR3aは水素原子であり、r=0であり、R5aはC2~4の炭化水素基である。)、100℃動粘度=8.3mm2/s、水酸基価=4mgKOH/g、数平均分子量=1,200
(未変性シリコーン(B1))
・「ジメチルシリコーン」:KF-96H-12500cs(信越化学工業株式会社製)
(変性シリコーン(B2))
以下に示す側鎖変性シリコーン(B21)を用いた。
・「エポキシ変性シリコーン1」:X-22-2000(信越化学工業株式会社製)、側鎖にフェニル基を有するエポキシ変性シリコーンである。
・「エポキシ変性シリコーン2」:KF-101(信越化学工業株式会社製)
・「脂環式エポキシ変性シリコーン」:KF-102(信越化学工業株式会社製)
・「アラルキル変性シリコーン」:KF-410(信越化学工業株式会社製)
・「ポリエーテル変性シリコーン1」:KF-945(信越化学工業株式会社製)、HLB値=4である。
・「ポリエーテル変性シリコーン2」:KF-6015(信越化学工業株式会社製)、HLB値=5である。
なお、「エポキシ変性シリコーン1」、「エポキシ変性シリコーン2」、及び「脂環式エポキシ変性シリコーン」は、1以上のエポキシ基を有する側鎖変性シリコーン(B21a)に該当する変性シリコーンである。
酸捕捉剤(C)として、2-エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテルを用いた。
酸化防止剤(D)として、ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール(DBPC)を用いた。
上記各成分を混合して表1に示す組成の冷凍機油組成物を調製し、以下に説明するオートクレーブ試験を行った。
なお、表1中の配合組成の数値単位は、「質量%」である。
また、表1中のシリコーン化合物(B)の含有量は、固形分換算での含有量を意味する。
JIS K2211:2009の附属書Cに準拠して行った。具体的には、内容積200mLのオートクレーブに、実施例1~17及び比較例1~5の冷凍機油組成物30gとR1234yf30gとを混合した冷凍機用混合組成物(水分含有量2,000ppm)と、鉄、銅、及びアルミニウムからなる金属触媒とを封入した。次いで、真空引きを行ってから、温度175℃の条件にて336時間保持した後、以下に説明する方法で、冷凍機油組成物の酸価及び冷凍機油組成物中のフッ素量を評価した。
JIS K2501:2003に準じ、指示薬光度滴定法(左記JIS規格における付属書1参照)により測定した。
評価基準は以下のとおりとし、評価A及びBを合格とした。
・評価A:0.10mgKOH/g以下
・評価B:0.10mgKOH/g超、0.15mgKOH/g以下
・評価C:0.15mgKOH/g超
冷凍機油組成物中のフッ素量は、オートクレーブ試験後の冷凍機用混合組成物から冷媒を分離し、JIS K 0127:2013(イオンクロマトグラフ分析通則)に準じ、冷凍機油組成物中のフッ素イオン(F-)を検出して測定した。
評価基準は以下のとおりとし、評価A及びBを合格とした。
・評価A:10質量ppm以下
・評価B:10質量ppm超、15質量ppm以下
・評価C:15質量ppm超
シリコーン化合物(B)を0.05質量%以上含有する、実施例1~17の冷凍機油組成物は、オートクレーブ試験後の冷凍機油組成物の酸価の上昇の抑制効果に優れ、試験後の冷凍機油組成物中のフッ素量も少ないことがわかる。
特に、変性シリコーン(B2)(側鎖変性シリコーン(B21))を0.05質量%以上含有する、実施例2~15及び17の冷凍機油組成物は、オートクレーブ試験後の冷凍機油組成物の酸価の上昇の抑制効果に極めて優れており、試験後の冷凍機油組成物中のフッ素量も極めて少ないことがわかる。
これらに対し、シリコーン化合物(B)を含有していない、比較例1~5の冷凍機油組成物は、オートクレーブ試験後の冷凍機油組成物の酸価の上昇の抑制効果が不十分であり、試験後の冷凍機油組成物中のフッ素量も多くなっていることがわかる。
以上の結果から、シリコーン化合物(B)が、冷媒の分解により冷凍機油組成物中に溶出したフッ素(F-)を捕捉し、冷凍機油組成物中のフッ素(F-)量を減らす作用によって、冷凍機油組成物の酸価の上昇を抑制しているものと推察される。
Claims (11)
- 下記一般式(1)
CxFyHz・・・(1)
[前記一般式(1)中、xは2~6、yは1~11、zは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]で表される化合物から選択される1種以上の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒に用いられる冷凍機油組成物であって、
基油(A)と、未変性シリコーン(B1)及び変性シリコーン(B2)からなる群から選択される1種以上のシリコーン化合物(B)と、を含有し、
前記シリコーン化合物(B)の含有量が、前記冷凍機油組成物の全量基準で、0.05質量%以上である、冷凍機油組成物。 - 前記シリコーン化合物(B)は、前記変性シリコーン(B2)を含み、
前記変性シリコーン(B2)は、ポリシロキサン骨格の少なくとも側鎖が変性された側鎖変性シリコーン(B21)を含む、請求項1に記載の冷凍機油組成物。 - 前記側鎖変性シリコーン(B21)が、1以上のエポキシ基を有する側鎖変性シリコーン(B21a)である、請求項2に記載の冷凍機油組成物。
- さらに、酸捕捉剤(C)を含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍機油組成物。
- 前記シリコーン化合物(B)と前記酸捕捉剤(C)との含有比率[(B)/(C)]が、質量比で、0.025以上である、請求項4に記載の冷凍機油組成物。
- さらに、酸化防止剤(D)を含有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍機油組成物。
- 前記シリコーン化合物(B)と前記酸化防止剤(D)との含有比率[(B)/(D)]が、質量比で、0.17以上である、請求項6に記載の冷凍機油組成物。
- 前記基油(A)が、ポリアルキレングリコール類、ポリビニルエーテル類、ポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール又はそのモノエーテルとポリビニルエーテルとの共重合体、及びポリオールエステル類からなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍機油組成物。
- 前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、R1234ze、R1234yf、及びR1234yeからなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍機油組成物。
- 下記一般式(1)
CxFyHz・・・(1)
[前記一般式(1)中、xは2~6、yは1~11、zは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]で表される化合物から選択される1種以上を含む冷媒と、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍機油組成物と、を含有する、冷凍機用混合組成物。 - 下記一般式(1)
CxFyHz・・・(1)
[前記一般式(1)中、xは2~6、yは1~11、zは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]で表される化合物から選択される1種以上の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒に用いられる冷凍機油組成物の製造方法であって、
基油(A)と、未変性シリコーン(B1)及び変性シリコーン(B2)からなる群から選択される1種以上のシリコーン化合物(B)と、を混合する工程を含み、
前記シリコーン化合物(B)の配合量が、前記冷凍機油組成物の全量基準で、0.05質量%以上である、冷凍機油組成物の製造方法。
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JPS63289098A (ja) * | 1987-05-20 | 1988-11-25 | Kao Corp | フロン雰囲気下で用いる潤滑油 |
JP2019127594A (ja) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-08-01 | ザ ケマーズ カンパニー エフシー リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | Gwpがより低い若しくは低gwp冷媒又は冷媒ブレンドを使用して、電気(hev、phev、ev)自動車空調/暖房システム、又は固定式空調/暖房システム、又は固定式冷凍システムの中にpoe潤滑剤を導入するための組成物、システム、及び方法 |
JP2020158786A (ja) * | 2014-07-04 | 2020-10-01 | Eneos株式会社 | 耐摩耗添加剤、冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物 |
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EP1578883A4 (en) | 2002-10-25 | 2006-06-21 | Honeywell Int Inc | COMPOSITIONS BASED ON PENTAFLUOROPROPENE |
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- 2022-03-15 WO PCT/JP2022/011608 patent/WO2022196689A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-03-15 US US18/261,331 patent/US20240093120A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-15 CN CN202280021187.6A patent/CN116981757A/zh active Pending
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63289098A (ja) * | 1987-05-20 | 1988-11-25 | Kao Corp | フロン雰囲気下で用いる潤滑油 |
JP2020158786A (ja) * | 2014-07-04 | 2020-10-01 | Eneos株式会社 | 耐摩耗添加剤、冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物 |
JP2019127594A (ja) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-08-01 | ザ ケマーズ カンパニー エフシー リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | Gwpがより低い若しくは低gwp冷媒又は冷媒ブレンドを使用して、電気(hev、phev、ev)自動車空調/暖房システム、又は固定式空調/暖房システム、又は固定式冷凍システムの中にpoe潤滑剤を導入するための組成物、システム、及び方法 |
Cited By (1)
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WO2023157867A1 (ja) * | 2022-02-15 | 2023-08-24 | 出光興産株式会社 | 冷凍機油組成物及び冷凍機用混合組成物 |
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JPWO2022196689A1 (ja) | 2022-09-22 |
CN116981757A (zh) | 2023-10-31 |
KR20230156334A (ko) | 2023-11-14 |
EP4310166A1 (en) | 2024-01-24 |
US20240093120A1 (en) | 2024-03-21 |
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