WO2022190309A1 - 熱電変換制御装置および熱電変換装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
熱電変換制御装置および熱電変換装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
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- the present disclosure relates to a control device and control method for a thermoelectric conversion device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy.
- thermoelectric converter As a conventional control device for a thermoelectric converter, there is known one that matches the output voltage and output current of the thermoelectric converter with the internal impedance of the thermoelectric converter in order to maximize the power output from the thermoelectric converter (for example, Patent Document 1).
- thermoelectric converter control device In an ideal system in which there is no thermal resistance between the thermoelectric converter and the high-temperature heat source and between the thermoelectric converter and the low-temperature cooling source, the above-described thermoelectric converter control device has a maximum It is possible to maximize the output power by obtaining the output operating point (the operating point at which the output power is maximized), but in an actual system with thermal resistance, the maximum output operating point cannot be obtained, It has the problem of not being able to achieve maximum output power.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve such problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a control device capable of bringing the output power of the device close to its maximum value.
- thermoelectric conversion control device includes a current-voltage measurement unit that measures current and voltage input from a thermoelectric conversion device to the power conversion unit that converts the power output from the thermoelectric conversion device, and the current-voltage measurement unit. Based on the current and the voltage measured by the unit, the maximum output load resistance value of the thermoelectric converter is calculated, and the load resistance value seen from the input terminal side of the power conversion unit is equal to the maximum output load resistance value.
- thermoelectric conversion device that controls the current and the voltage that are input to the power conversion unit so that the power conversion control unit reduces the current that is input to the power conversion unit by a constant value
- the difference between the voltage measured immediately after changing the current and the voltage measured after the voltage stabilized after changing the current, and the difference when the current was changed The maximum output load resistance value of the thermoelectric conversion device is calculated based on the amount of change in current.
- the maximum output load resistance value of the thermoelectric converter can be obtained based only on electrical measurements, and the electric power output by the thermoelectric converter can be brought closer to the maximum value. Therefore, even in a system in which thermal resistance exists between the thermoelectric converter and the high temperature heat source and between the thermoelectric converter and the low temperature cooling source, the output power of the thermoelectric converter can be brought close to the maximum value.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a control device (thermoelectric conversion control device) for a thermoelectric conversion device according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the operation of the thermoelectric conversion device according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing temporal changes in output voltage when the output current of the thermoelectric converter is changed.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing temporal changes in the temperature difference between the high temperature side and the low temperature side of the thermoelectric conversion module when the output current of the thermoelectric conversion device is changed.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the behavior of the thermoelectric converter when the output current of the thermoelectric converter is changed;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the behavior of the thermoelectric converter when the output current of the thermoelectric converter is changed;
- thermoelectric conversion control device the control device for the thermoelectric conversion device will be referred to as "thermoelectric conversion control device”.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a thermoelectric conversion control device according to Embodiment 1.
- the thermoelectric conversion control device 12 is connected between the thermoelectric converter 11 and the load 13, converts the power generated by the thermoelectric converter 11, and supplies the converted power to the load 13. do.
- the thermoelectric conversion device 11 is a device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy, and includes a thermoelectric conversion module 11a, a high temperature side heat exchanger 11b installed on the high temperature side surface of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a, and the thermoelectric conversion module 11a. and a low temperature side heat exchanger 11c installed on the low temperature side surface.
- the thermoelectric conversion module 11a includes at least one thermoelectric conversion element connected between the high temperature side surface and the low temperature side surface.
- a thermoelectric conversion element is made of a thermoelectric material, and generates electricity by the Seebeck effect, in which an electromotive force is generated according to the temperature difference between the two ends.
- the electric power generated by the thermoelectric conversion module 11 a is output from the positive electrode side output terminal and the negative electrode side output terminal of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 .
- the thermoelectric conversion module 11a has a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements, the plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements are connected in series or in parallel within the thermoelectric conversion module 11a.
- the high-temperature side heat exchanger 11b has the function of receiving heat from high-temperature fluid such as exhaust gas discharged from a factory or the like and transferring the heat to the high-temperature side surface of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a.
- high temperature side heat exchanger 11b for example, a fin-like structure made of aluminum or stainless steel (SUS) is used.
- the low temperature side heat exchanger 11c has a function of taking heat from the low temperature side surface of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a.
- the low temperature side heat exchanger 11c for example, one having a structure in which cooling water flows through a block made of aluminum or copper is used.
- thermoelectric conversion module 11a Due to the action of the high temperature side heat exchanger 11b and the low temperature side heat exchanger 11c, heat penetrates from the high temperature side surface of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a to the low temperature side surface, and an electromotive force is generated in the thermoelectric conversion module 11a.
- the thermoelectric conversion control device 12 has a positive input terminal connected to the positive output terminal of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 and a negative input terminal connected to the negative output terminal of the thermoelectric conversion device 11, Electric power output from the thermoelectric conversion device 11 is input to the thermoelectric conversion control device 12 .
- the thermoelectric conversion control device 12 also includes a power conversion section 12a, a current/voltage measurement section 12b, and a power conversion control section 12c.
- the power conversion unit 12a is a conversion circuit that converts the power input from the thermoelectric conversion device 11 to the thermoelectric conversion control device 12. Depending on the relationship between the electromotive force of the thermoelectric converter 11 and the voltage required by the load 13, any one of a step-up type, a step-down type, or a buck-boost type DC-DC converter is used as the power converter 12a.
- the circuit of the power conversion unit 12a shown in FIG. 1 is the circuit configuration of a step-down converter when the output voltage at the optimum operating point of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 is lower than the voltage required by the load 13.
- the power converted by the power converter 12 a is output from the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the thermoelectric conversion control device 12 .
- the load 13 has a positive input terminal connected to the positive output terminal of the thermoelectric conversion control device 12 and a negative input terminal connected to the negative output terminal of the thermoelectric conversion control device 12, and performs thermoelectric conversion control.
- the power converted by device 12 is input to load 13 .
- the load 13c is composed of, for example, a constant voltage source such as a storage battery.
- the current-voltage measurement unit 12b is a measurement circuit that measures the current and voltage associated with the power input from the thermoelectric conversion device 11 to the thermoelectric conversion control device 12.
- the power conversion control unit 12c controls the power conversion unit 12a based on the current and voltage measured by the current-voltage measurement unit 12b, thereby maximizing the output power of the thermoelectric conversion device 11.
- a control circuit that performs maximum output control. is.
- the load resistance value of the power conversion unit 12a viewed from the input terminal side of the thermoelectric conversion control device 12 (the load resistance value between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal), that is, (input voltage)/(input current)
- the value can be controlled by the duty ratio, which is the time ratio of opening and closing of the switching elements that constitute the DC-DC converter of the power converter 12a.
- the duty ratio is the time ratio of opening and closing of the switching elements that constitute the DC-DC converter of the power converter 12a.
- increasing the duty ratio of the switching element reduces the load resistance value of the power converter 12a.
- the power conversion control unit 12c inputs a periodic rectangular wave switching signal such as a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) wave or a PFM (Pulse Frequency Modulation) wave to the gate of the switching element of the power conversion unit 12a, thereby performing the switching
- a periodic rectangular wave switching signal such as a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) wave or a PFM (Pulse Frequency Modulation) wave to the gate of the switching element of the power conversion unit 12a, thereby performing the switching
- the opening/closing control of the element is performed, thereby controlling the load resistance value of the power conversion section 12a.
- the power conversion control unit 12c determines the load resistance value of the power conversion unit 12a based on the current and voltage measured by the current-voltage measurement unit 12b, that is, the output current and the output voltage of the thermoelectric conversion device 11. By controlling, the maximum output control processing of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 is performed.
- the power conversion unit 12 a may be an external component of the thermoelectric conversion control device 12 . That is, the thermoelectric conversion control device 12 is configured to include only the current-voltage measurement unit 12b and the power conversion control unit 12c, and the thermoelectric conversion control device 12 controls the load resistance value of the power conversion unit 12a connected to the outside. can be
- thermoelectric conversion control device 12 The maximum output control processing of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 performed by the thermoelectric conversion control device 12 will be described below.
- FIG. 2 shows a flowchart showing the operation of the thermoelectric conversion control device 12.
- FIG. 2 shows a flowchart showing the operation of the thermoelectric conversion control device 12.
- FIG. 1 the output current and output voltage of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 measured by the current/voltage measurement unit 12b are denoted as current I and voltage V, respectively.
- step S10 the power conversion control unit 12c controls the duty ratio of the switching signal input to the switching element of the power conversion unit 12a, and the current voltage measurement unit 12b measures the The current I applied is controlled to be an arbitrary constant value I1, and waits until the fluctuation of the voltage V becomes smaller.
- step S11 the power conversion control unit 12c changes the duty ratio of the switching signal to change the current I from I1 to I1+ ⁇ I.
- step S12 the current-voltage measuring unit 12b measures the voltage V immediately after changing the current I to I1+ ⁇ I in step S11.
- "immediately after changing the current I” means a period from changing the current I to a time significantly shorter than the thermal time constant (eg, 10 seconds) of the thermoelectric conversion device 11. do.
- step S12 is performed within 0.01 second after the current I is changed to I1+ ⁇ I, and the voltage V1 is measured.
- the thermal time constant of the thermoelectric converter 11 causes a time delay with respect to the thermal response of the thermoelectric converter 11, and its value is the heat capacity and thermal resistance of the high temperature side heat exchanger 11b and the low temperature side It is determined by the heat capacity and heat resistance of the heat exchanger 11c and the heat capacity and heat resistance of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a. If the thermal time constant of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 cannot be estimated in advance, it is preferable to measure the voltage V1 at the earliest possible timing by the current/voltage measurement unit 12b after changing the current I.
- step S13 after changing the current I, the system of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 is thermally stabilized, and the voltage V is stabilized (until the fluctuation becomes small).
- the reason why the voltage V temporarily fluctuates when the current I is changed is (1)
- the thermoelectric conversion module 11a increases the current I.
- the temperature difference ⁇ T TEG between the high temperature side and the low temperature side of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a also tries to decrease (3). This is due to the mechanism that there is a time delay before ⁇ T TEG reaches the value of the thermal equilibrium state, and accordingly the voltage V of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a also delays reaching the equilibrium state.
- step S14 the current-voltage measuring unit 12b measures the voltage V after it is stabilized. Let the voltage V measured in step S14 be V2.
- FIG. 3 and 4 show examples of temporal changes (transient characteristics) of the voltage V and the temperature difference ⁇ T TEG of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a when the current I output by the thermoelectric conversion device 11 is increased by ⁇ I.
- the voltage V immediately changes to the voltage V1
- the voltage V changes to the voltage V2 according to the current - voltage characteristics of the thermoelectric converter 11 at thermal equilibrium. asymptotically.
- the time constant of the voltage V at the time of asymptotic approximation is equal to the thermal time constant of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 described above. This is because the voltage V output from the thermoelectric conversion module 11a is proportional to the temperature difference ⁇ T TEG due to the Seebeck effect.
- step S13 it is preferable to wait until at least a period of time equal to or longer than the thermal time constant of the thermoelectric converter 11 has elapsed since step S11. more preferred.
- ⁇ I is a positive value
- the voltage V gradually decreases and converges to a constant value as shown in FIG. 3, but when ⁇ I is a negative value, the voltage V1 gradually increases. converges to a constant value. If the thermal time constant T of the thermoelectric converter 11 has been obtained in advance, the thermoelectric converter 11 will be close to a thermal equilibrium state by waiting for a time of 3T or more , and a value close to the convergence value can be obtained as the voltage V2. .
- the power conversion control unit 12c is the load resistance value that maximizes the output power of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 based on the following equation (1)
- a maximum output load resistance value R pmax is calculated.
- R int is the internal resistance value of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 (the internal resistance value of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a).
- the waiting time in step S17 is also preferably at least the thermal time constant T of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 or more, more preferably 3T or more. In this embodiment, the waiting time in steps S13 and S17 is 3T.
- thermoelectric conversion control device 12 continues to follow the maximum output operating point even when the maximum output operating point of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 fluctuates due to temperature changes of the heat source and the cooling source. to implement.
- step S19 wait for an arbitrary fixed time tm .
- This time tm is a cycle for continuously monitoring the amount of power generated by the thermoelectric converter 11 .
- step S21 it is determined whether or not the power generation amount P calculated in step S18 and the power generation amount P' calculated in step S20 deviate by a predetermined value ⁇ P or more. If P and P′ deviate by ⁇ P or more (YES in step S21), the internal resistance value R int or the maximum output load resistance value R pmax of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 changes, and the thermoelectric conversion device 11 Since there is a possibility that the maximum output operating point has changed, the process returns to step S10 and moves to the procedure for calculating the maximum output load resistance value R pmax again.
- step S21 if the divergence between P and P' is less than ⁇ P (NO in step S21), the process returns to step S19, and the load resistance value applied to the thermoelectric conversion device 11 (the load resistance value of the thermoelectric conversion control device 12) is kept constant. , the procedure for calculating the power generation amount P' is repeatedly executed at intervals of the constant time tm .
- thermoelectric conversion control device 12 is based only on the electrical measurement of the current I and the voltage V output by the thermoelectric conversion device 11, the maximum output operating point (maximum output The load resistance value R pmax ) is obtained, and the output power of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 is brought close to the maximum value. Therefore, even in a system in which thermal resistance exists between the thermoelectric converter 11 and the high-temperature heat source and between the thermoelectric converter 11 and the low-temperature cooling source, the output power of the thermoelectric converter 11 can be brought close to the maximum value. be.
- thermoelectric converter 11 the principle of obtaining the maximum output load resistance value R pmax of the thermoelectric converter 11 from the above equation (1) will be described.
- thermoelectric conversion module 11a In an ideal state where there is no thermal resistance between the thermoelectric conversion module 11a and the fixed temperature point on the high temperature side and between the thermoelectric conversion module 11a and the fixed temperature point on the low temperature side, the maximum output load resistance of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a is The value R pmax matches the internal resistance value R int of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a. This is due to the maximum power supply theorem.
- thermoelectric conversion module 11a when thermal resistance exists between the thermoelectric conversion module 11a and the fixed temperature point on the high temperature side and between the thermoelectric conversion module 11a and the fixed temperature point on the low temperature side, the thermoelectric conversion
- the maximum output load resistance value R pmax of the module 11a is higher than the internal resistance value R int of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a.
- the maximum output load resistance value R pmax at this time is derived as follows.
- ⁇ T0 be the temperature difference between the temperature Th at the fixed temperature point on the high temperature side and the temperature Tc at the fixed temperature point on the low temperature side.
- the fixed temperature point on the high temperature side is the temperature of the thermal fluid flowing through the high temperature side heat exchanger 11b
- the fixed temperature point on the low temperature side is the temperature of the cooling water flowing through the low temperature side heat exchanger 11c.
- thermoelectric conversion module 11a the thermal resistance between the fixed temperature point on the high temperature side and the surface of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 on the high temperature side is R th_h , the temperature fixed point on the low temperature side and the low temperature side of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a is Let R th_c be the thermal resistance between the two surfaces, and R th_add be the sum of R th_h and R th_c .
- thermoelectric conversion module 11a A temperature difference ⁇ T TEG between the high-temperature surface and the low-temperature surface of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a is expressed by the following equation (3) using Q in equation (2).
- the output voltage V of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a is expressed by the following equation (4).
- thermoelectric conversion module 11a the output power P of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a is represented by the following formula (6).
- Equation (7) is a quadratic function of I
- the value I pmax of the current I when the output power P of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a is maximized is the maximum value of the quadratic function that is convex upward. and can be expressed by the following equation (8).
- the voltage V pmax at that time can be expressed by the following equation (9) by substituting equation (8) into equation (4).
- thermoelectric conversion module 11a From equations (8) and (9), the maximum output load resistance value R pmax of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a can be expressed by the following equation (10).
- the maximum output load resistance value R pmax of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a is higher than the internal resistance value R int by S ⁇ R th_add .
- the difference ⁇ T 1 - ⁇ T 2 of the temperature difference ⁇ T TEG of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a can be obtained from the difference between V 1 and V 2 by the Seebeck effect formula.
- the difference ⁇ T 1 - ⁇ T 2 is represented by the following equation (11).
- the maximum output load resistance value R pmax can be calculated based on the result of electrical measurement without thermal measurement.
- thermoelectric conversion module 11a when the power conversion control unit 12c controls the current I to a constant value I1 in step S10 of the flowchart in FIG.
- the thermoelectric conversion module 11a When the current I is changed by ⁇ I in step S11, the thermoelectric conversion module 11a is put in a short-circuited state, and ⁇ I is set to the current value Isc when the thermoelectric conversion module 11a is short-circuited.
- V 1 ⁇ V 2 and ⁇ I can be made as large as possible without using an external electromotive force, and the maximum output load resistance value R pmax can be obtained with high accuracy from equation (1).
- the power generation amount P of the thermoelectric converter 11 can be brought close to the maximum value with high accuracy.
- the power conversion control unit 12c changes the value of the internal resistance value R int of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a by changing the load resistance value viewed from the input terminal side of the power conversion unit 12a. It is configured to be calculated based on the current I and the voltage V measured by the unit 12b.
- the internal resistance value R int of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a can be calculated by dividing the amount of change in the voltage V by the amount of change in the current I when the load resistance value of the power conversion unit 12a changes.
- the power conversion control unit 12c can obtain an accurate internal resistance of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a after the temperature is stabilized, and can monitor an accurate state of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a.
- the internal resistance value R int of the thermoelectric conversion module 11a can be obtained from the current I and the voltage V at two or more measurement points (measurement times) in the thermoelectric conversion module 11a that is stable in terms of temperature. For example, in step S10 of FIG. 2, when the voltage V stabilizes after the current I is controlled to the constant value I1, the current/voltage measuring unit 12b measures the value V0 (see FIG. 3) of the voltage V at that time. If measured, the power conversion control unit 12c calculates the internal resistance value R int by the following formula (16) when calculating the maximum output load resistance value R pmax using the formula (15) in step S15 and can be applied to equation (15).
- the power conversion control unit 12c is configured to calculate the thermal time constant T of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 when changing the load resistance value viewed from the input terminal side of the power conversion unit 12a.
- the calculated thermal time constant T can be used, for example, to determine the waiting time in steps S13 and S17 of FIG.
- the power conversion control unit 12c acquires the thermal time constant T by the following process. can be done.
- step S11 the current I is controlled to be I 1 + ⁇ I until an arbitrary time elapses.
- Measure with The measurement points may include the measurement points of step S12 and the measurement points of step S14. Therefore, the current/voltage measurement unit 12b should measure the current I and the voltage V at at least one measurement point other than steps S12 and S14 between steps S12 and S14.
- thermoelectric conversion device 11 For example, if the time t at which the voltage V1 is measured in step S12 is 0 , changes in the voltage V with respect to time t are the voltage V1 measured in step S12 , the voltage V2 measured in step S14, and the thermoelectric conversion device 11, it can be represented by the following equation (17).
- thermoelectric conversion device 11 can be obtained by substituting the voltage V measured at the measurement points other than steps S12 and S14 and the time t thereof into the equation (17).
- the thermal time constant T may be calculated by obtaining the transient characteristics of the voltage V using the method of least squares or the like.
- thermoelectric conversion control device 12 can acquire the thermal time constant of the thermoelectric conversion device 11 only by electrical measurement without adding heat measurement hardware such as a thermocouple.
- the output power of the thermoelectric converter 11 can be brought close to the maximum value inexpensively and easily.
- thermoelectric conversion device 11 thermoelectric conversion device, 11a thermoelectric conversion module, 11b high temperature side heat exchanger, 11c low temperature side heat exchanger, 12 thermoelectric conversion control device, 12a power conversion unit, 12b current/voltage measurement unit, 12c power conversion control unit, 13 load.
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Abstract
Description
以下、熱電変換装置の制御装置を「熱電変換制御装置」という。図1は、実施の形態1に係る熱電変換制御装置の構成を示す図である。図1に示すように、熱電変換制御装置12は、熱電変換装置11と負荷13との間に接続され、熱電変換装置11が発生した電力の変換を行い、変換後の電力を負荷13に供給する。
(1)電流Iが変化して熱電変換装置11の熱バランスが一時的に崩れると、熱電変換モジュール11aが電流Iを増加させる
(2)電流Iが増加すると、ペルチェ効果により熱抵抗が低下し、それに伴って熱電変換モジュール11aの高温側と低温側の温度差ΔTTEGも低下しようとする
(3)しかし、高温側熱交換器11bおよび低温側熱交換器11cはそれぞれ熱容量を持つため温度差ΔTTEGが熱平衡状態の値に達するまでに時間遅れが生じ、それに伴って熱電変換モジュール11aの電圧Vが平衡状態に達するのにも遅れが生じる
というメカニズムによる。
実施の形態2では、図2にフローチャートのステップS10において電力変換制御部12cが電流Iを一定値I1に制御するとき、熱電変換モジュール11aを開放状態にして電流I1を0にし、また、ステップS11で電流IをΔIだけ変化させるとき、熱電変換モジュール11aを短絡状態にして、ΔIを熱電変換モジュール11aの短絡時の電流値Iscにする。
実施の形態3では、電力変換制御部12cが、熱電変換モジュール11aの内部抵抗値Rintの値を、電力変換部12aの入力端子側から見た負荷抵抗値を変化させたときに電流電圧測定部12bによって計測された電流Iおよび電圧Vに基づいて算出するように構成する。熱電変換モジュール11aの内部抵抗値Rintは、電力変換部12aの負荷抵抗値が変化したときの電圧Vの変化量を、電流Iの変化量で除すことで算出できる。これにより、電力変換制御部12cは、温度安定後における熱電変換モジュール11aの正確な内部抵抗を取得することができ、熱電変換モジュール11aの正確な状態を監視することが可能になる。
実施の形態4では、電力変換制御部12cが、電力変換部12aの入力端子側から見た負荷抵抗値を変化させる際に、熱電変換装置11の熱時定数Tを算出するように構成する。算出された熱時定数Tは、例えば図2のステップS13およびS17における待ち時間の決定に用いることができる。
Claims (11)
- 熱電変換装置から前記熱電変換装置が出力する電力の変換を行う電力変換部に入力される電流および電圧を計測する電流電圧測定部と、
前記電流電圧測定部によって計測された前記電流および前記電圧に基づいて、前記熱電変換装置の最大出力負荷抵抗値を算出し、前記電力変換部の入力端子側から見た負荷抵抗値が前記最大出力負荷抵抗値になるように、前記電力変換部に入力される前記電流および前記電圧を制御する電力変換制御部と、
を備え、
前記電力変換制御部は、前記電力変換部に入力される前記電流を一定値だけ変化させ、前記電流を変化させた直後に計測された前記電圧と前記電流を変化させた後に前記電圧が安定してから計測された前記電圧との差分と、前記電流を変化させたときの前記電流の変化量とに基づいて、前記熱電変換装置の前記最大出力負荷抵抗値を算出する、
熱電変換制御装置。 - 前記電力変換制御部は、前記電力変換部に入力される前記電流を変化させる際、前記熱電変換装置を開放状態から短絡状態へと変化させる、
請求項1に記載の熱電変換制御装置。 - 前記電流電圧測定部は、前記電力変換部に入力される前記電流および前記電圧をそれぞれ2点以上計測し、
前記電力変換制御部は、前記電流および前記電圧の2点以上の計測結果から算出した前記熱電変換装置の内部抵抗値に基づいて、前記熱電変換装置の前記最大出力負荷抵抗値を算出する、
請求項1または請求項2に記載の熱電変換制御装置。 - 前記電流の変化直後に計測された前記電圧をV1、前記電流が安定した後に計測された前記電圧をV2、前記電流の変化量をΔI、前記熱電変換装置の内部抵抗値をRintとすると、前記電力変換制御部は、前記熱電変換装置の前記最大出力負荷抵抗値Rpmaxを、
Rpmax=Rint+(V1-V2)/ΔI
の関係式を用いて算出する、
請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の熱電変換制御装置。 - 前記電力変換制御部は、前記電流および前記電圧の3点以上の計測結果から前記熱電変換装置の熱時定数を算出し、算出した前記熱時定数に基づいて、前記電流を変化させた後に前記電圧が安定するまでの待ち時間を決定する、
請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の熱電変換制御装置。 - 前記電力変換部をさらに備える、
請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の熱電変換制御装置。 - (a)熱電変換装置から前記熱電変換装置が出力する電力の変換を行う電力変換部に入力される電流を一定値だけ変化させる工程と、
(b)前記工程(a)の直後に、前記熱電変換装置から前記電力変換部に入力される前記電流および電圧を計測する工程と、
(c)前記工程(b)の後、前記電圧が安定してから、前記熱電変換装置から前記電力変換部に入力される前記電流および前記電圧を計測する工程と、
(d)前記工程(b)で計測された前記電圧と前記工程(c)で計測された前記電圧との差分と、前記工程(a)での前記電流の変化量とに基づいて、前記熱電変換装置の最大出力負荷抵抗値を算出する工程と、
(e)前記電力変換部の入力端子側から見た負荷抵抗値が前記最大出力負荷抵抗値になるように、前記電力変換部に入力される前記電流および前記電圧を制御する工程と、
を備える熱電変換装置の制御方法。 - 前記工程(a)において、前記電力変換部に入力される前記電流を変化させる際、前記熱電変換装置を開放状態から短絡状態へと変化させる、
請求項7に記載の熱電変換装置の制御方法。 - (f)前記電力変換部に入力される前記電流および前記電圧をそれぞれ2点以上計測する工程、
を含み、
前記工程(d)において、前記電流および前記電圧の2点以上の計測結果から算出した前記熱電変換装置の内部抵抗値に基づいて、前記熱電変換装置の前記最大出力負荷抵抗値を算出する、
請求項7または請求項8に記載の熱電変換装置の制御方法。 - 前記工程(d)において、前記電流の変化直後に計測された前記電圧をV1、前記電流が安定した後に計測された前記電圧をV2、前記電流の変化量をΔI、前記熱電変換装置の内部抵抗値をRintとすると、前記熱電変換装置の前記最大出力負荷抵抗値Rpmaxは、
Rpmax=Rint+(V1-V2)/ΔI
の関係式を用いて算出される、
請求項7から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の熱電変換装置の制御方法。 - (g)前記電流および前記電圧の3点以上の計測結果から前記熱電変換装置の熱時定数を算出する工程、
をさらに備え、
前記工程(d)における前記電圧が安定するまでの待ち時間は、前記工程(g)で算出された前記熱時定数に基づいて決定される、
請求項7から請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の熱電変換装置の制御方法。
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