WO2022189759A1 - Stockage et production du di-hydrogene par une suspension de particules d'hydrures de metal dans des alliages de metaux alcalins liquides - Google Patents
Stockage et production du di-hydrogene par une suspension de particules d'hydrures de metal dans des alliages de metaux alcalins liquides Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022189759A1 WO2022189759A1 PCT/FR2022/050440 FR2022050440W WO2022189759A1 WO 2022189759 A1 WO2022189759 A1 WO 2022189759A1 FR 2022050440 W FR2022050440 W FR 2022050440W WO 2022189759 A1 WO2022189759 A1 WO 2022189759A1
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- Prior art keywords
- dihydrogen
- reaction
- water
- cyclone
- alloy
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229910000573 alkali metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 title description 13
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 83
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 79
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012375 magnesium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002113 nanodiamond Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100219382 Caenorhabditis elegans cah-2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000091 aluminium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 9
- -1 anionic hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 101150004367 Il4i1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 4
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- RSHAOIXHUHAZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium hydride Chemical compound [MgH2] RSHAOIXHUHAZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000051 zinc hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001631457 Cannula Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000528 Na alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZULTYUIALNTCSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc hydride Chemical compound [ZnH2] ZULTYUIALNTCSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0073—Slurries, Suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B6/00—Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/04—Hydrides of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, beryllium or magnesium; Addition complexes thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/065—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents from a hydride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/08—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B6/00—Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/02—Hydrides of transition elements; Addition complexes thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B6/00—Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/06—Hydrides of aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth or polonium; Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B6/00—Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/06—Hydrides of aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth or polonium; Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/10—Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Definitions
- TITLE STORAGE AND PRODUCTION OF DI-HYDROGEN BY SUSPENSION OF METAL HYDRIDE PARTICLES IN LIQUID ALKALINE METAL ALLOYS
- dihydrogen represents a serious alternative to both fossil fuels and nuclear energy.
- Hydrogen storage currently represents a technological barrier to the development of this energy, both for online energy production, domestic and industrial electrical energy, and for mobility energy used in vehicles in general.
- dihydrogen being the smallest molecule, the walls of most tanks used to store dihydrogen remain more or less porous, resulting in the volatility of the stored hydrogen through more or less rapid leaks.
- 300 bar storage tanks offer interesting storage performance. These tanks are suitable for large vehicles and offer low autonomy.
- the storage pressure tends to be increased from 300 bars to 700 bars with new generation tanks.
- An alternative development solution is the storage of dihydrogen in "Organic Hydrogen Carrier Liquids", also called by the acronym LOCH (for Liquid Organic Carrier Hydrogen). Hydrogen bound to an organic molecule by hydrogenation provides high storage density. The storage reaction involving hydrogenation is most often exothermic. The monopolization of hydrogen requires breaking this bond to reform the dihydrogen most often by an endothermic reaction, which penalizes the energy efficiency at the place of exploitation of the dihydrogen.
- LOCH Liquid Organic Carrier Hydrogen
- hydrides are in the form of powders or agglomerates of varying size. This nature of often pyrophoric powders complicates the implementation of hydrides, in particular their packaging and their distribution by guaranteeing their isolation from oxygen and humidity. Nevertheless, storage in hydride form is very promising since this chemical form is much more stable than the gaseous or liquid form, with one of the best current storage capacity performances at room temperature, under controlled atmosphere or in mineral oils. .
- one solution consists of conditioning the magnesium hydride in a muddy phase, called "goop", obtained by a mixture of various adjuvants, in particular metal halides and various other adjuvants aimed at reducing the violence of the reaction.
- This shape offers the advantage of easier handling, allowing a mixing water and goop using pumps or plungers. However, the behavior of long-term storage is not described.
- the stabilization of the goop results in less reactivity of the magnesium hydride which is more easily pacified by the hydroxide plates resulting from the reaction with water.
- the storage capacity of dihydrogen by the goop is limited by a non-negligible volume of the mixture composed of various catalysts and other additives which do not intervene directly to sequester the dihydrogen.
- these adjuvants comprising nanoparticles such as zirconium or other nanoparticles of other natures can present toxicities for the environment and living organisms.
- the adjuvants are found in the brine resulting from the reaction of the goop with the water, which complicates the problem of recycling the brine obtained and can ultimately pose environmental problems, in particular salt fractions halogen resulting from the reactions.
- the present invention relates to a dihydrogen storage system, characterized in that it comprises a suspension of shaped elements, in the form of hydride particles with an average diameter of between 1 nm and 800 ⁇ m, suspended in an alloy at least two alkali metals, chosen from Na (sodium), K (potassium) and Li (lithium).
- the hydride particles form a stable suspension in the alloy.
- the system according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately from each other or in combination with each other: - said alloy contains at most 98% by weight of the same alkali metal, and said hydride particles have a diameter of between 50 nm and 50 ⁇ m, chosen from Li H, Na H, KH, Ca Hz, Mg Hz, BeH 2 , Al Hs, InHs, TIHs, GaHs, BHs, Al H -, Inh , TIH 4 -, GaH 4 , BH 4 , TiH 2 , and ZnH : - the mass proportion of the alkali metal alloy with respect to vis of the suspension of hydride particles, is between 3 and 97% of the total mass of the system;
- the present invention also relates to a process for storing dihydrogen in a dihydrogen storage system as described above, characterized in that it comprises a step of preparing an alloy of at least two alkali metals, chosen from Na (sodium), K (potassium) and Li ( lithium), a step of preparing a plurality of hydride particles, and a step of mixing the alloy and the particles to obtain a suspension of the particles in said alloy and the formation of said dihydrogen storage system.
- the hydride particles form a stable suspension in the alloy.
- the method according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics or steps, taken separately from each other or in combination with each other:
- the system comprises a suspension of figured elements (i.e. hydride particles), in the form of hydride particles with an average diameter between 1 nm and 800 ⁇ m, suspended in an alloy at least two alkali metals, chosen from Na (sodium), K (potassium) and Li (lithium);
- said alloy contains at most 98% by mass of the same alkali metal, and said hydride particles have a diameter of between 50 nm and 50 ⁇ m, chosen from Li H, Na H, KH, Ca H , Mg H , BeH , Al Hs, InHs, TIHs, GaHs, BHs, Al H -, lnH -, TIH 4 -, GaH , BH 4 -, TiH , and ZnH : - the mass proportion of the alloy of alkali metals with respect to of the suspension of hydride particles, is between 3 and 97% of the total mass of the system; - the alkali metal alloy is completed up to 50% of its mass, by any combination of Be, Mg, Ca Al, Ga, P, In, Tl.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing dihydrogen from a dihydrogen storage system, said dihydrogen storage system comprising a suspension of elements, in the form of hydride particles with an average diameter of between 1 nm and 800 ⁇ m, suspended in an alloy of at least two alkali metals, chosen from Na (sodium), K (potassium) and Li (lithium), the method comprising a step of reacting the dihydrogen storage system with H2O .
- the term “figured elements” means elements dispersed and in suspension in a homogeneous manner in a liquid to form a suspension (or stable suspension or colloidal suspension).
- Suspension means a stable and homogeneous dispersion of a solid in a liquid - as opposed to, for example, a slurry or a mixture in which particles are precipitated.
- the suspension is therefore stable and homogeneous, i.e. the particles are evenly distributed in the alloy and they do not precipitate over time.
- the method according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics or steps, taken separately from each other or in combination with each other:
- the LAMPHY is in the form of a filament and is sprayed by a jet of water at high speed, possibly between 0.5 m/s to 800 m/s;
- the LAMPHY in the form of a filament is produced by extrusion, simultaneously with the reaction with water or prior to this reaction;
- the method comprises a step of activating the reaction between LAMPHY and water, by an acid, preferably carbonic acid CO2, optionally in one of these hydrogen carbonate and di-hydrogen carbonate forms;
- the method comprises a step in which the reaction of a metal hydroxide with the CO2 produced by an internal combustion engine, a boiler, or a burner, makes it possible to sequester said CO2 produced, in another hydrogen carbonate or carbonate form;
- the inhibition of the reaction between LAMPHY and water is lifted by a surface capable of altering a hydroxide callus formed on the surface of hydride particles, when a LAMPHY/water reaction mixture is projected onto said surface, said surface being for example an abrasive surface chosen from surfaces covered with nanodiamonds, zirconia particles, carbide particles, a surface comprising a network of pillars arranged in staggered rows, a surface comprising a network of capillaries without a roof, and any combination of these surfaces;
- said alloy contains at most 98% by weight of the same alkali metal, and said hydride particles have a diameter of between 50 nm and 50 ⁇ m, chosen from Li H, Na H, KH, Ca Hz, Mg Hz, BeH 2 , AlHs, InHs, TIHs, GaHs, BHs, Alh, lnH-, Tlh, Gah, Bh, TiH2 , and ZnH :
- the mass proportion of the alkali metal alloy with respect to the suspension of hydride particles is between 3 and 97% of the total mass of the system;
- the alkali metal alloy is completed up to 50% of its mass, by any combination of Be, Mg, Ca Al, Ga, P, In, Tl.
- the present invention finally relates to a device for implementing a process as described above, characterized in that it comprises a reactor of the cyclone type for the reaction between H 2 0 and the LAMPHY, this reactor comprising at least a cyclonic structure which allows the formation of a vortex, and of a column of gas and vapor rising in the center of the reactor, and having in the lower position a device for extracting the heaviest materials, solid and liquid, and in upper part a central vapor and gas collector.
- the device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics or steps, taken separately from each other or in combination with each other:
- said extraction device comprises any combination of an endless screw, a central hub mill, a hollow endless screw, alternatively any combination of a tube and optionally hollow blades;
- the LAMPHY filament is produced by a device comprising a tubular container provided at one of its ends with a piston actuated by the action a pressure of a gas and at the other end of a valve opened by the pressure transmitted by the piston, and comprising an endless screw;
- a turbine containing an impeller is arranged in the cyclonic reactor, the axis of the turbine being an axis passing through the reactor as far as the center of a collector, this axis being the support of the impeller of the turbine and of a play of 'vanes arranged on the axis at the level of the collector, and the impeller comprising two sets of blades, a first set of internal vanes supported by the axis and by a cylinder contiguous to the collector, and a second set of vanes to the outside of the contiguous cylinder, and at least one inlet tangential to the turbine, but preferably a plurality of inlets, and a plurality of nozzles at the outlet of the turbine;
- the reactor of the cyclone type comprises in its wall an exchanger comprising a system of interconnected pipes, and suitable for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid taken without being exhaustive, from among the liquid alloys of alkali metals comprising Li, Na, K, fluids based on perfluorocarbon, distilled water, existing heat transfer fluid, and such that in a preferential implementation the piping system of the cyclone exchanger is in contact with a second exchanger of an ORC circuit (Organic Rankine Cycle ); - the device further comprises a hydrogen fuel cell, a bubbling tank and a nozzle, and the dihydrogen produced by the cyclone-type reactor supplies the hydrogen fuel cell, the water produced by the consumption of dihydrogen by the hydrogen fuel cell supplying the bubbling tank, and the bubbling tank supplying the nozzle.
- ORC circuit Organic Rankine Cycle
- FIG. 1 shows an experimental setup to test the performance of different LAMPHY compositions
- FIG. 2 represents a device for the abrasion/spray of a LAMPHY filament, I) preconstituted filament, II) amorphous LAMPHY shaped into a filament by the nozzle 13,
- FIG. 3 represents an abrasion device I) set up after the LAMPFIY filament has been sprayed, II) particle surface, III) pillar surface, IV) labyrinth surface 20,
- figure 4 represents a cyclonic reactor for reaction of LAMPFIY with proton donor, I) longitudinal section, II) transverse section,
- figure 5 represents an injection of acid (C02) into the cyclonic reactor for reaction of LAMPFIY with a proton donor, I) injection point, II) injection into the bubbler,
- figure 6 represents a I) two-stage reaction device: a LAMPFIY reaction stage, and a C02 reaction stage with the hydroxides resulting from the reaction of LAMPFIY and water, II) cross-sectional view of the device extraction. III) bottom view of the extraction device,
- figure 7 represents a I) device for supplying LAMPFIY to the filament shaping nozzle from an amorphous LAMPFIY, II) support grid for the endless screw, III) tight cap transmitting the pressure LAMPFIY contained in the device,
- figure 8 represents a coupling of a hydrogen fuel cell and a heat engine to the LAMPFIY reaction device
- Figure 9 shows I) insertion of a turbine in the lower cyclone of the LAMPFIY reaction device, II) cross-sectional view of the connection of the turbine with the central cyclone gas collection tube, III) outlet nozzle of the turbine, IV) intake of the turbine organized in blades allowing the formation of a vortex by the passage between the blades formed by the blades,
- figure 10 represents a coupling of a cooled LAMPFIY reaction device with an ORC circuit
- FIG. 11 represents an alternative extraction device coupled with the central gas collection tube of the cyclone, I) without passing between the two cyclones and recovering the gases, II) with passing the gases between the cyclones, V) without gas passage between the two cyclones and without gas recovery outside the lower cyclone, and
- Figure 12 shows a device for opening and closing the inlet valve of the LAMPHY of the device Figure 7, I) valve closed, II) valve open.
- the method consists in using an alloy of at least two alkali metals chosen from Na (sodium), K (potassium), Li (lithium), such that the alloy comprises at most 98% by mass of the same alkali metal .
- the alloy obtained by at least two alkali metals will have the particularity of being liquid in a temperature range around room temperature between -10 and 70°C, but which can be increased between -20°C and 800°C depending on the composition of the alloy considered. For example, a 78% K and 22% Na alloy will remain liquid between -12°C and 750°C.
- the alloys obtained will have viscosity properties that can be adapted according to the proportions of the metals, ranging from a liquid with a viscosity close to that of mercury, to that of a paste that can be structured into filaments, and a liquid having a behavior close to a Newtonian liquid to a paste with a non-Newtonian behavior
- the alkali metal alloy is used to make a suspension of figured elements comprising metal hydrides in particulate form with a diameter between 1 nm and 800 pm , preferably between 50 nm and 50 ⁇ m.
- the metal hydrides will be chosen, without being exhaustive, from the following hydrides, Li H, Na H, KH, Ca H 2 , Mg H 2 , BeH 2 , Al H 3 , InFIs; TIHs, GaHs, BHs, AlH 4 , InF; TIF, GaF, BF.
- the proportion of the metal alloy in the suspension can vary from 3% to 97% with a proportion of hydrides varying from 97 to 3%. Proportions can go so far as to make the mixture solid such that the mixture can be shaped in the form of filaments so as to be stored in a reel of yarns.
- This solid state or very viscous paste, allowing filament structuring is obtained either by increasing the viscosity of the alkaline metal alloy by varying its composition to make it viscous, or by increasing the proportion of nanoparticles in a low viscosity alloy. or by any combination of these two means.
- the anionic hydrides such as dh taken from ALh, Bh ... with, d representing AL, B, Ga, In, TI can be brought into the suspension with any m2+ cation such as Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Be 2+ or n+ as such Na + , K + , Li + as m d2He or n dh
- all pyrophosphoric metal hydrides can be used as a hydride source, including depleted uranium.
- Non-pyrophosphoric hydrides such as titanium hydride PH2 or zinc hydride ZnH2 can be used. These hydrides are stable in contact with air and water, with a very slow reaction. To be decomposed these hydrides must be activated, for example by heating them. The exothermic energy released by the constituent elements of the alkali metal alloy, and/or any other hydrides present in the suspension, when the suspension reacts with water, makes it possible to activate these non-pyrophosphoric hydrides so that they break down and in turn react with water.
- each figured element may comprise a hydride of the same nature or any combination of hydrides of different natures
- the figured elements comprise a plurality of different figured elements where each figured element comprises a hydride of the same nature.
- the metal alloys can be supplemented up to 50% of their mass by one or any combination of alkaline earth metals such as Be, Mg, Ca, metals such as B, Al, Ga, In, Tl or Phosphorus such as P, in order of preference Black Phosphorus, Red Phosphorus or White Phosphorus or any other phase phosphorus or other elements of these categories.
- alkaline earth metals such as Be, Mg, Ca
- metals such as B, Al, Ga, In, Tl or Phosphorus such as P, in order of preference Black Phosphorus, Red Phosphorus or White Phosphorus or any other phase phosphorus or other elements of these categories.
- Some metals like Cu, Fe, Zn can be added to the alkali metal alloy in a minor way. These metals would allow, among other things, the formation of induced hydrides such as CuH, FeFte, or ZnFL. The same goes for phosphorus which would make it possible to produce PFI3 hydrides in the alloy
- the metal alloy can be obtained by melting the metals and other elements composing it under a neutral atmosphere (argon) obtained in a crucible or in a solenoid by induction in a state of magnetic levitation.
- argon neutral atmosphere
- the alloys can be obtained by mechanical mixing under argon, for example by rolling resulting in a mechanical mixing of the metals and other elements to obtain said alloys.
- the viscosity of the alloys can be adjusted by adding Gallium in a proportion varying from 0.005% to 10% of the final mass of the alloy.
- amalgams with Gallium can be made, in particular for the use of non-alkali metals and non-alkaline earth metals.
- the hydride particles can be obtained by grinding the metal in a dihydrogen atmosphere at a temperature between 50°C and 1000°C. All types of mills can be used for grinding, in particular ball mills, hammer mills or blade mills.
- the hydrides can be obtained by rolling or extrusion under a dihydrogen atmosphere.
- the hydride particles can also be obtained by spraying a spray of molten metal in a cold dihydrogen atmosphere, or even by spraying metal in a hydrogen plasma.
- the hydride particles can be obtained by causing "n” taken from (Li, Na, K) and “d” taken from (Mg, Ca, Be) or “E” taken from (Al, B, Ga, In , T1) such that:
- the suspension of hydride particles in a metal alloy, liquid even very viscous, called in the present LAMPHY can be obtained by simple mixing of a mass proportion X% of liquid alloy and a proportion Y% of particles hydrides of the same nature or of a different nature so that X+Y is equal to 100%, this without counting additions of other possible elements.
- the production of dihydrogen will be obtained by reacting LAMPHY with a proton donor, preferably H2O, in a reactor allowing the reaction to be controlled.
- a proton donor preferably H2O
- the yield of hydrogen production will depend on the composition of LAMPHY.
- Metal hydrides of the dH2 type, “d” chosen from (Mg, Ca, Be) dH 2 + 2H 0 d(OH) + 2 H
- Readjustment reactions between the hydrides themselves and the hydrides and the alloy composition elements may possibly take place and modify the natures of the hydrides without changing the hydride charge (H) of the LAMPHY such that without being exhaustive: a>b in terms of electronegativity, such that “a” and “b” being chosen from (K, Na, Li,).
- v being chosen from Mg, B, Al, Ga , P av(H) j + bH bv(H)j +aH, av(H) j + b bv(H)j +a, and a(H) j + jb jb(H) +a with “j” between (1 and 10)
- Table No. 1 different compositions of LAMPHY tested: compositions mg of the elements for 1 g of LAMPHY. Last line of the table: quantity of Dihydrogen obtained in mg/g of LAMPHY. The experiments are carried out according to the following protocol:
- the ground material is then introduced into a ceramic furnace under an argon atmosphere, obtained using an argon flow with pumping of the fumes and vapors produced, to be brought to 100°C to eliminate the mineral oil, then at 500°C to produce the fusion of the metals contained in the mortar (crucible) in order to obtain a liquid metallic alloy.
- the alloy is brought to ambient temperature under an argon atmosphere.
- the alloys obtained which remained in liquid form at ambient temperature are weighed.
- Various metal hydrides included in a mineral oil, such as kerosene, are placed in a mortar under an argon atmosphere, maintained between -170°C and -78°C, then ground with a pestle.
- the ground material is sieved or filtered in a sieve or filter with a 500 ⁇ m mesh size and the filtrate or sieving is recovered then the mineral oil is evaporated under vacuum. The ground material is returned to an argon atmosphere and weighed.
- Fig1-Y designates the reference Y of figure X.
- a balloon Fig1-1 is placed on a balance Fig1-2. After the balance supporting the balloon Fig1-1 is tared at 0; 0.25g of distilled water Fig1-3 are introduced into the flask Fig1-1, which is then plugged by a cap Fig1-4 allowing on the one hand to have the graduated pipette Fig1-5 provided with a valve 8, containing the LAMPHY Fig1 -6 to be tested, and on the other hand a glass tube Fig1 -
- valve Fig1-8 which makes it possible to create a vacuum and fill the balloons Fig1-1 and Fig1-9 with argon, the balloon Fig1-9 being provided with a stopper 4, pipette 5 and glass tube 7 and valves 8.
- the glass tube 7 of the balloon Fig1 -1 is connected to a peristaltic pump Fig1 -10 which sucks the atmosphere from the balloon Fig1-1 and delivers it into the balloon Fig1 -9 previously put under vacuum 6.
- Each drop of LAMPHY floats on the surface of the water with very rapid translational movements causing shocks to the walls.
- the operation is repeated until 1 g of LAMPHY 6 is dissolved in the water contained in flask 1.
- the contents of flask 1 are then evaporated and weighed once dry. The difference in weight makes it possible to estimate the quantity of X(OH)j formed.
- the amount of dihydrogen produced is calculated.
- the closed Balloon 9 is kept vertical for 2 minutes perfectly still between -170 and -78°C in order to decant the heavier argon which remains at the bottom of the balloon from the lighter hydrogen which remains above the argon, in the top of the ball.
- the stopper is suddenly removed in view of a flame in the presence of oxygen. A characteristic detonation reveals the dihydrogen formed.
- the LAMPHY must be implemented in a reactor eliminating the problems of passivation by formation of plate of hydroxide X (OH) j, also called cal in the present, which inhibits the reaction of LAMPHY with water in a stoichiometric reaction when the water is not in excess.
- a device for mixing water 15 and LAMPHY 12,13 comprising two inlet nozzles allowing dynamic mixing of water and LAMPHY
- a first nozzle Fig2-11 introduces a LAMPHY filament 12,13 in a direction Fig2-A, and a second nozzle Fig2-14, disposed at an angle a between 5° and 90° from the nozzle 11, introduced in a direction Fig2-B a high-speed water jet Fig2-15, comprised without being exhaustive between 0.5 m/s to 800 m/s, such that the water jet 15 abrades the LAMPHY filament emerging from the nozzle 11.
- the inhibition of the reaction between LAMPHY and water, by the formation of metal hydroxide callus on the surface of the hydride particles, including the hydride particles formed by reaction of the alloy of metal with water, is avoided by the projection of the reaction mixture, in the form of a powder or spray Fig3-16, on a surface Fig3-17 capable of altering the metal hydroxide calluses formed on the surface of the particles hydride such as an abrasive surface covered with particles Fig3-18 chosen from nanodiamonds, zirconia particles, zirconium particles, carbide particles, a surface comprising a network of pillars Fig3-19 arranged in staggered rows, a surface comprising a network of capillaries Fig3- 20 without a roof, and any combination of these surfaces and these components.
- the nozzle 11 distributing the LAMPFIY filament will be placed at the inlet 21 of a network of capillaries 20 without a roof, such that the outlet of the bus 11 is in a more or less tangential plane, see parallel to the entrance 21 of the capillaries, so that the advance of the filament pushes the LAMPFIY filament (extruded or solid) above the entrance, or into the entrance of the network of capillaries without a roof.
- the nozzle 14 of the water jet is then placed above the inlet of the network of capillaries with an angle such that the jet comes to spray the LAMPHY by pushing the solution and/or suspension, and the particles obtained after the spraying, in the network of capillaries, by causing the assembly to migrate within the network of capillaries without a roof, thus allowing the various components of the spray to react with each other during their passage through the network of capillaries while accelerating the products in the network of capillaries under the action of the gases emitted.
- the device can be augmented by networks of capillaries with several inlets, preferably parallel to one another, opposite which are arranged nozzles producing pressurized water jets and LAMPHY filaments with suitable angles.
- the nozzle devices 11, 14 and possibly abrasive surfaces 17 and/or capillary networks 20 can be implemented in a cyclone Fig4-22, such that the nozzles Fig4-11, Flg4-14 are arranged tangentially to the inner wall of the cyclone in its upper part, such that the spray of spray from the LAMPHY filament by the water jet and the gas resulting from the meeting of the water and the LAMPHY is emitted tangentially to the walls of the cyclone so as to create a downward spinning movement in the cyclone thus forming a vortex.
- a central collector tube at the top Fig4-24 and in the center of the cyclone makes it possible to capture the gases going up to the center of the cyclone.
- a filter Fig4-25 will be placed in or around the collector tube 24 so as to allow only gases to pass.
- the filter 25 will only be permeable to dihydrogen, in other embodiments the filter will only be permeable to hydrogen ions H + or to a combination FP / H2
- the output mechanism will include, for example, an endless screw Fig4-27, preferably an endless screw with variable pitch, larger at the start and smaller at the end of the endless screw so as to compress the materials between the start and the end. end of the screw. As a result, the gases included in the materials will tend to be expelled by passing through the thread of the screw.
- the worm will continue for example by the hub of a Fig4-28 grinder, arranged in the center of a Fig4-29 grinding cone comprising grinding grooves.
- the crusher crushes the particles that have formed or that have not dissolved and thus perfect the reaction of LAMPHY with water. 12)
- the reactions can be moved to become complete by injecting an acid either directly into the cyclone through an inlet tangential to the wall of the cyclone Fig5-31, at the top of the cyclone, or by dissolving said acid in water Fig5-30 before its passage through the nozzle 14.
- the acid chosen will be CO2, either injected directly into the cyclone, or dissolved in the water circulating in the nozzle 14 in the form of di-hydrogen carbonate, H2CO3 or hydrogen carbonate HCOs- Fig5-32.
- hydrogen carbonates may be injected in the form X j+ (HC03 )j , such that “X” is taken from n + , d 2+ E 3+ and “j” comprised between 1 and 10.
- particles of bicarbonate and metal ion, X (HC0 3 ) j or optionally metal ion carbonate, Xn (C03) j will be added to the water spray to play the role of abrasive on the LAMPHY filament.
- abrasive elements 17 will be deposited on the internal wall of the cyclone or of the network of capillaries 20, so that the particles contained in the LAMPHY rubbing on the wall of the cyclone by the action of the vortex, are abraded by said abrasive elements and the metal hydroxide callus covering these particles is removed, leaving the metal or hydride accessible to the action of water to produce dihydrogen.
- the abrasive elements 18 may be nanodiamond particles with a dimension between 4 nm and 500 nm.
- It may also be Zirconium particles between 4 nm and 500 ⁇ m or silicon carbide particles between 4 nm and 500 mhi, and more generally all kinds of abrasive elements.
- a mixer with pillars 19 can be introduced on the internal wall of the Cyclone in addition to or in replacement of the network of capillaries 20.
- the mixer will consist of a network of pillars, preferably with a triangular, square section or round staggered and separated from each other by 500 ⁇ m to 100 nm.
- a second cyclone Fig6-34 is arranged after the first cyclone 22 such that the extraction device 26 of the first cyclone is at the top of the second cyclone.
- the center of the hub Fig6-28 and the endless screw Fig6-29 will be hollow and will form the collection cylinder Fig6-35 of the second cyclone 34.
- the materials from the first cyclone will be transported into the second cyclone by the endless screw 27 and the crusher 28, such that the materials fall into the second cyclone, on a conical shape Fig6-36 arranged after the crusher 28 and such that the said materials are dispersed centrifugally in the second cyclone when the conical shape rotates.
- Said conical shape 36 being fixed to the axis 37 passing through the hub of the crusher 27 and the endless screw 28 by a fixing cross 38.
- the axis 37 integral with these three elements, while rotating, drives the endless screw 27 the grinder hub 28 and conical shape 36.
- a tangential inlet of CO2 Fig6-39 arranged through the wall of the second cyclone, below the conical shape 36, allows the addition of CO2 in the second cyclone, such that the CO2 introduced entrains the materials in a vortex, comprising H2O, X(OH)j possibly X(HCC>3)j, coming from the first cyclone and dispersed by the conical shape.
- the vortex will cause the materials to the lower cone Fig6-40 of the second cyclone, where convection movements will cause the gases to rise in a column of rising gas; said gases will be collected by the collection cylinder 35 formed by the center of the endless screw and the hub of the crusher of the first cyclone.
- the heavier materials such as water, metal hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen and dihydrogen, accumulated in the lower cone of the second cyclone, can be pressed and evacuated by an extraction device 26 Bis.
- reactions such as CO2 + X(OH)j ® X(C0 3 H)j may take place in a more or less minority manner.
- the capture structure 41 will be connected to a bubbling tank 32 supplied with water.
- the water from the bubbling tank will be used to supply the nozzle 14.
- LAMPFIY has variable properties depending on its composition and can, in certain cases, behave like a non-Newtonian fluid, in particular for particle contents exceeding 30% of the mass, nevertheless the extrusion of the LAMPFIY filament must be finely controlled .
- the LAMPHY will be packaged in a tube 42 made of metal, steel, aluminium, composite or plastic such as PVC or polyurethane, polycarbonate ... or any other material with good oxygen tightness and inert for LAMPHY.
- the tube will have a diameter for example comprised between 1 cm and 20 cm, for a length varying from 1 cm to 100 cm.
- One end of the tube will be of conical shape with a valve 43 at its top such that by screwing the valve is pushed back allowing the valve to open and by unscrewing the valve the valve is closed.
- the other end of the tube will be closed by a movable piston 44, the internal face of the tube of which will be in the shape of a cone complementary to the conical end of the tube.
- LAMPHY will be stored in the tube between the valve and the piston.
- the piston 44 may be provided with seal 45 for sealing, alternatively the internal face of the tube may be in a material that deforms when the piston passes in order to guarantee perfect sealing.
- the piston will be made of a material that is flexible enough for its deformation to guarantee sealing.
- the piston will have a housing Fig7-46 filled with a Fluorocarbon liquid, both hydrophobic and lipophobic in order to guarantee the perfect sealing of the system.
- the compartment may be doubled behind Fig7-47 by another compartment containing a lubricating mineral oil and upstream by a reservoir Fig7-48 filled with a storage mineral oil such as kerosene.
- the valve 43 is connected with the conduit of a worm screw pusher 49 and the tube 42 and included in a container 50 obstructed at the end by a seal 51 and a cap 52 isolating the end of the tube, such that by applying pressure with a gas through the tube 53 and the stopper 52, the mobile piston 44 moves and affects the pressure on LAMPHY contained in the tube, so that the endless screw 49 at the other end is always in contact with LAMPHY.
- the endless screw will have a screw pitch preferably greater than 45° to prevent flow under the sole action of pressure, without the endless screw 49 being in motion. Only the movement of the endless screw can advance the LAMPHY in the Nozzle 11 by crossing the grid 54 located at the end of the endless screw. The movement of the screw will preferably be ensured by a stepping motor 55 or a brushless motor (“brushless”).
- the gas for pressurizing the piston will preferably be argon or CO2.
- the dihydrogen produced Fig8-56 will supply a hydrogen or fuel cell Fig8-57 and the water produced Fig8-58 by the hydrogen cell will supply the bubbling tank Fig8-32.
- the CO2 used will be produced by a Fig8-59 combustion engine, boiler or burner, such that the exhaust or stack is introduced tangentially into the second cyclone of the reactor and is used as a source of production of CO2. In this configuration, the CO2 produced will be stored in the form of hydrogen carbonate or carbonate and cation.
- the injection of CO2 is carried out in the second cyclone of the reactor after it has passed through the turbine of a turbocharger.
- the turbine Fig9-60 of a turbocharger of an internal combustion engine is integrated into the second cyclone 34 of the reactor, such that an axis Fig9-37 is introduced into the center of the cyclone, the axis being integral with the axis of the turbine and the axis of the extractors 26 possibly coincident with the axis of the rising gas collector.
- a cone 36 of protection and diffusion is introduced on the axis Fig9-37 between the turbine 60 and the extractor 26.
- the supply of the turbine can be done through a tube tangential to the skirt Fig9-60 of the turbine, but preferably a plurality of tubes 61 whose profile forms a system of blades or fins 62 directing the direction of a vortex, the materials and possibly the gases entering the second cyclone by the extractor 26
- a system of nozzles 63 directs the gas outlet from the turbine into a rotation in the same direction as the direction of the vortex induced by the blade system 62.
- the turbine will have an impeller or rotor with two levels of blades, outer blades 64, directed in one direction, which will be driven by the gases entering the turbine through the pipes 61.
- a second set of blades 65 possibly reversed with respect to the first set of blades 64, interacts with the central flow going up to the center of the cyclone and causing the impeller to turn in the same direction than the outer vanes 64.
- the second set of vanes is optionally streamlined by an adjoining tube and optionally nested in the collector 35.
- the axis 37 can be extended outside the reactor to be coupled with an electric turbine or a pump.
- the axis 37 is extended into the central collector of the first cyclone 24.
- the axis will include a series of vanes allowing it to be driven by the gases rising in the central tube of the first cyclone.
- an exchanger comprising a system of interconnected pipes Fig 10-66 is introduced into the wall of each cyclone allowing the cyclones to be cooled, as circulates in the exchanger, a heat transfer fluid taken without being exhaustive, from liquid alloys of alkali metals chosen from Li, Na, Ka, perfluorocarbon-based fluids with a boiling point above 100° C., or distilled water or any other existing heat transfer fluid.
- the heat transfer fluid will be a LOCH in its hydrogenated form such that the thermal energy captured in the reactor wall activates the dehydrogenation reaction of the LOCH, thus releasing the dihydrogen.
- the reactor cooling circuit will be coupled through the exchangers Fig10-67 to an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) circuit comprising at least one heat transfer fluid, preferably perfluorinated, with a condensation/boiling point between 20 and 150°C , at least one turbine Fig- 10-68 optionally coupled to a generator 69, at least one vessel expansion Fif10-70 and at least one air/water or air/air exchanger Fig10 -71 for example in the form of a radiator.
- ORC Organic Rankine Cycle
- the central axis 37 of the reactor is coupled to an electric motor allowing this axis to be rotated.
- LAMPHY will have a consistency allowing stable shaping, in the form of filament or thread, in a durable and storable manner.
- a consistency allowing stable shaping, in the form of filament or thread, in a durable and storable manner.
- a coil of wound wire with a diameter of between 500 ⁇ m and 5 mm.
- the wire will be passivated to a depth of 20 nm, with a metal hydroxide, alternately with alumina.
- the wire will be contained in a container filled with kerosene or another mineral or organic oil.
- the container makes it possible to unwind the filament without friction, the spool of thread being mounted at its axis on two ball bearings, ball bearings or two magnetic levitation bearings.
- the organic liquid for storing the filament will be an Organic Hydrogen Carrier Liquid or LOCH, in its hydrogenated form, such that the liquid is emitted at the same time as the filament in the cyclonic reactor, the reaction of LAMPHY with water providing the energy necessary for the dehydrogenation of the hydrogenated LOCH molecule thus increasing the yield of dihydrogen.
- LOCH Organic Hydrogen Carrier Liquid
- a spray of LOCH is injected into the cyclonic reactor at the same time as the LAMPHY so that the exothermic energy of the reaction between LAMPHY and the water allows the release of hydrogen by LOCH molecules.
- the thread exits the container through an orifice provided with a lip seal, or any other seal capable of maintaining the kerosene in the container when the thread exits.
- a mobile piston capsule filled with argon or CO2, kerosene or LOCH compensates for the volume lost in the container caused by the exit of the wire.
- the capsule will for example have the form of a piston accumulator, one of the chambers of which is optionally left at the equilibrium of the ambient pressure.
- a filament already shaped and stored in a reel is introduced into the nozzle 11 using a system of rotating rollers, such that the roller or rollers pinching the filament is included in a compartment filled with kerosene or another inert mineral oil for the LAMPHY, with a filament inlet closed by a lip seal and a filament outlet closed by another lip seal through which the filament passes.
- a second compartment contiguous to the first filled with fluorocarbon and closed by a lip seal through which the filament passes is possibly arranged just in front of the nozzle 11,
- the material outlet mechanism 26 arranged in the cyclone outlet cone will be replaced by a device comprising a central cylinder or a cone Fig11-72 surrounded by a set of vanes 73 inclined in the direction of rotation of the vortex such that the gases of the vortex passing over said blades are not thwarted in their convection movement to form the rising central column of rising gas.
- the cylinder or cone 72 of the upper cyclone is replaced by a fused tube 74 with the collector of the inner cyclone, so that the gases rising from the gas column of the lower cyclone rise in the cyclone upper and merges with the column of gas rising from the upper cyclone such as the columns assembled or merged are captured by the collector Fig11-24 of the upper cyclone.
- assemblies is meant the juxtaposition of the lines of currents and by “mixture” the mixture of gases between them.
- the collector tube 75 will be closed at its upper end, for example, by an inverted conical shape 76, and for example topped with a cone-shaped cap 77.
- the vanes 78 arranged around the tube 75 will be hollow 79 and open by one of their ends into the opening of the tube 75 and by the other of their ends into an annular reservoir Fig11 -80 so that the gases rising from the cyclone are captured by the tube 75 and conducted through the vanes to an annular reservoir Fig11-80 and out of the cyclone.
- the LAMPHY is stored in a tank, having a valve opened by the action of pressure.
- the tank may include a piston Fig12-44 of conical shape having on its outer surface a sealing system Fig7-45 Fig12-45.
- the piston Fig-12-44 will be pierced with a central hole Fig-12-81.
- the hole will have a system of seals Fig12-82, for example of the same nature as the external seal 45, such as the seals 82 ensuring a seal with an axis Fig12-83 passing through the piston Fig12-44, by connecting a mechanism of Fig12- 84 tension, at one end of the container, to the actual opening mechanism of the Fig12-85 valve.
- the tensioning mechanism comprises a bar Fig12-86 secured to a cylinder Fig12-87, said cylinder being closed by a washer
- the valve itself 85 comprises a piston Fig12-91 comprising a round part and a fluted part, the piston 91 is arranged at the top of the axis 83, said piston being provided with a seal 92.
- the piston 91 is included in a cylinder 93.
- valve Fig12-94 for example, a device intended to receive the valve comprising, a cylinder reception 95, in which the cylinder 93 can be fixed, for example screwed or embedded; a piston 96 provided with a seal 97 and sliding in a cylinder comprising two parts, a perfectly fitted part 98, preventing leaks between the cylinder and the piston 96-97, and a part 99 comprising regular channels allowing the passage of the LAMPHY between the piston 96-97 and the cylinder 99.
- the piston 96 is inserted in a cylinder 100 containing a spring 101 capable of pushing back said piston 96.
- LAMPHY filament formed from amorphous or liquid LAMPHY
- central hub of a crusher comprising for example grooves 29
- grinding cone of a crusher comprising for example grooves
- stepper motor ensuring the movement of the worm
- tube profile 60 forming a system of blades or fins
- collector tube closed at its high end, 76) inverted conical shape closing the collector tube 75
- part 99 comprising regular grooves of the cylinder 98-99 100
- piston insertion cylinder 96 101 capable of pushing said piston.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112023018161A BR112023018161A2 (pt) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-11 | Armazenamento e produção de di-hidrogênio por meio de suspensão de partículas de hidreto metálico em ligas de metal alcalino líquido |
AU2022235068A AU2022235068A1 (en) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-11 | Storage and production of dihydrogen by a suspension of metal hydride particles in liquid alkali metal alloys |
CN202280019412.2A CN117295681A (zh) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-11 | 通过液态碱金属合金中金属氢化物颗粒的悬浮液来储存和生产二氢 |
CU2023000042A CU20230042A7 (es) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-11 | Almacenamiento y producción de dihidrógeno mediante una suspensión de partículas de hidruro metálico en aleaciones líquidas de metales alcalinos |
US18/281,071 US20240294373A1 (en) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-11 | Storage and production of dihydrogen by a suspension of metal hydride particles in liquid alkali metal alloys |
JP2023555224A JP2024508988A (ja) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-11 | 液体アルカリ金属合金中の金属水素化物粒子の懸濁による二水素の吸蔵および生成 |
EP22712983.0A EP4304981A1 (fr) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-11 | Stockage et production du di-hydrogene par une suspension de particules d'hydrures de metal dans des alliages de metaux alcalins liquides |
DO2023000181A DOP2023000181A (es) | 2021-03-12 | 2023-09-06 | ALMACENAMIENTO Y PRODUCCIÓN DE DIHIDRÓGENO MEDIANTE UNA SUSPENSIÓN DE PARTÍCULAS DE HIDRURO METÁLICO EN ALEACIONES LÍQUlDAS DE METALES ALCALINOS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2102458A FR3120547B1 (fr) | 2021-03-12 | 2021-03-12 | Stockage et production du di-Hydrogène par une suspension de particules d'hydrure de métal dans des alliages de métaux alcalins liquides |
FRFR2102458 | 2021-03-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2022189759A1 true WO2022189759A1 (fr) | 2022-09-15 |
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PCT/FR2022/050440 WO2022189759A1 (fr) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-11 | Stockage et production du di-hydrogene par une suspension de particules d'hydrures de metal dans des alliages de metaux alcalins liquides |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20240294373A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4304981A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2024508988A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN117295681A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2022235068A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112023018161A2 (fr) |
CU (1) | CU20230042A7 (fr) |
DO (1) | DOP2023000181A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3120547B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022189759A1 (fr) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0081669A1 (fr) | 1981-12-11 | 1983-06-22 | Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh | Membrane de diffusion pour hydrogène et procédé de diffusion pour séparer de l'hydrogène des mélanges de gaz |
US20140072498A1 (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2014-03-13 | Boston Silicon Materials, Llc | Manufacturing and Applications of Silicon Metal |
-
2021
- 2021-03-12 FR FR2102458A patent/FR3120547B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-03-11 JP JP2023555224A patent/JP2024508988A/ja active Pending
- 2022-03-11 BR BR112023018161A patent/BR112023018161A2/pt unknown
- 2022-03-11 EP EP22712983.0A patent/EP4304981A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-03-11 CN CN202280019412.2A patent/CN117295681A/zh active Pending
- 2022-03-11 WO PCT/FR2022/050440 patent/WO2022189759A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2022-03-11 US US18/281,071 patent/US20240294373A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-11 AU AU2022235068A patent/AU2022235068A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-11 CU CU2023000042A patent/CU20230042A7/es unknown
-
2023
- 2023-09-06 DO DO2023000181A patent/DOP2023000181A/es unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0081669A1 (fr) | 1981-12-11 | 1983-06-22 | Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh | Membrane de diffusion pour hydrogène et procédé de diffusion pour séparer de l'hydrogène des mélanges de gaz |
US20140072498A1 (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2014-03-13 | Boston Silicon Materials, Llc | Manufacturing and Applications of Silicon Metal |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
COMPERE EDGAR L. ET AL: "The Chemistry of Hydrogen in Liquid-Alkali-Metal Mixtures Useful as Nuclear Reactor Coolants - I. Sodium-Potassium Eutectic", vol. 28, no. 3, 13 June 1967 (1967-06-13), pages 325 - 337, XP055865604, ISSN: 0029-5639, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/NSE67-A28946> DOI: 10.13182/NSE67-A28946 * |
DE COMPERE EDGAR L. ET AL.: "The Chemistry of Hydrogen in Liquid-Alkali-Metal Mixtures Useful as Nuclear Reactor Coolants - I. Sodium-Potassium Eutectic", NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 28, 13 June 1967 (1967-06-13), pages 325 - 337, XP055865604, DOI: 10.13182/NSE67-A28946 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2022235068A1 (en) | 2023-09-21 |
US20240294373A1 (en) | 2024-09-05 |
CN117295681A (zh) | 2023-12-26 |
BR112023018161A2 (pt) | 2024-01-16 |
JP2024508988A (ja) | 2024-02-28 |
CU20230042A7 (es) | 2024-04-08 |
FR3120547B1 (fr) | 2023-11-24 |
FR3120547A1 (fr) | 2022-09-16 |
EP4304981A1 (fr) | 2024-01-17 |
DOP2023000181A (es) | 2024-01-31 |
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