WO2022183821A1 - 用于抬头显示的光学模组及其光学系统、车辆 - Google Patents

用于抬头显示的光学模组及其光学系统、车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022183821A1
WO2022183821A1 PCT/CN2021/142663 CN2021142663W WO2022183821A1 WO 2022183821 A1 WO2022183821 A1 WO 2022183821A1 CN 2021142663 W CN2021142663 W CN 2021142663W WO 2022183821 A1 WO2022183821 A1 WO 2022183821A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
image
head
display
optical module
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PCT/CN2021/142663
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马红虎
李礼操
胡蓓蓓
王琦雨
刘风雷
Original Assignee
浙江水晶光电科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 浙江水晶光电科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江水晶光电科技股份有限公司
Priority to US18/034,040 priority Critical patent/US20230384585A1/en
Priority to JP2023513760A priority patent/JP2023539877A/ja
Priority to KR1020237007590A priority patent/KR20230044011A/ko
Priority to EP21928892.5A priority patent/EP4206787A4/en
Publication of WO2022183821A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022183821A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/18—Coatings for keeping optical surfaces clean, e.g. hydrophobic or photo-catalytic films
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/0977—Reflective elements
    • G02B27/0983—Reflective elements being curved
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/288—Filters employing polarising elements, e.g. Lyot or Solc filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/013—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising a combiner of particular shape, e.g. curvature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0141—Head-up displays characterised by optical features characterised by the informative content of the display

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of head-up display, and in particular, to an optical module used for head-up display, an optical system thereof, and a vehicle.
  • AR HUD head-up display technology
  • the energy of external sunlight entering the optical system will be more; in addition, due to the long virtual image distance, the position of the image generation unit is closer to the focal point of the optical imaging system than ordinary HUDs . Therefore, when the sunlight is flooded back, the sunlight energy will be more concentrated on the image generation unit; correspondingly, the temperature of the illuminated area of the image generation unit is very high at this time. Exceeding the working temperature of the general image generation unit (usually 105°C) will affect the imaging quality, and in severe cases, the image generation unit may be damaged due to overheating, affecting its working performance.
  • the present application provides an optical module for head-up display, an optical system, and a vehicle, which can effectively reduce the temperature of an image generating unit and improve imaging quality and work performance.
  • the optical module may include an image generating element and a light blocking component arranged in sequence, the image generating element may be used to form an image signal, the The image signal enters the receiving end through the light blocking component; the light blocking component can also be used to transmit part of the external light according to the polarization direction and/or wavelength.
  • the light blocking component may include a polarizing dust-proof film;
  • the polarizing dust-proof film may include a transparent substrate and a polarizing film disposed on the transparent substrate, and the polarization direction of the polarizing film and the image generation
  • the light-emitting directions of the elements may be the same.
  • the polarizing film may be an absorbing polarizing film or a reflective polarizing film.
  • the light blocking component may further include a filter element, and the filter element may be located between the polarized dustproof film and the image generating element, so as to make part of the ambient light light according to the wavelength. through.
  • the filter element may be used to at least filter infrared light and transmit visible light.
  • the filter element can also filter ultraviolet light.
  • the image generating element and the filter element may be arranged in a fit.
  • the filter element and the image generating element are arranged in the optical path independently at intervals.
  • At least one reflective surface may also be provided between the polarized dustproof film and the filter element, for reflecting the light beam incident on the polarized dustproof film to the filter element, or The light beam incident on the filter element is reflected toward the polarized dust-removing film.
  • the reflective surface may be a curved surface.
  • optical system for head-up display may include: a backlight module and the optical module for head-up display provided by some embodiments of the present application, the optical system using The image generating element of the optical module of the head-up display can be located on the light-emitting side of the backlight module.
  • a vehicle which may include: a vehicle body and an optical system for head-up display provided by other embodiments of the present application, and the optical system for head-up display may be provided on the vehicle body, and the light blocking component and the receiving end of the optical system for head-up display are respectively located on both sides of the windshield of the vehicle body.
  • the optical module for head-up display includes an image generating element and a light blocking component arranged in sequence, the image generating element is used for generating an image, and a light source is used for generating an image. After the outgoing light beam passes through the image generating element, it forms image light and generates an image signal, and then the image light with the image signal information is received by the rear-end receiving end after passing through the light blocking component to form an image.
  • the image light passes through the light-blocking component, it is not or rarely affected by the light-blocking component, and the original parameters of the image light remain unchanged, for example, the brightness of the image light does not change after passing through the light-blocking component.
  • the external light will be incident on the optical module used for the head-up display from the side of the receiving end, and the external light will pass through the light blocking component and the image generating element in turn.
  • Light and heat will gather on the image generating element, increase the temperature of the image generating element, and affect the working performance of the image generating element. Therefore, a light blocking component is used to filter out most of the external light, allowing a small part of the external light to pass through and reducing the external light.
  • the light heat on the image generating element reduces the temperature of the image generating element to ensure the working performance of the image generating element.
  • the light-blocking component has no or very little influence on the image light, and allows the image light to pass through; however, the light-blocking component will select which part of the external light can pass according to the polarization direction or wavelength of the light, or a combination of the polarization direction and wavelength. Through, the light blocking component filters out most of the external light, and only a small part of the external light will pass through. In this way, the image light is received by the receiving end to generate an image. After the external light is screened by the light-blocking component, the amount of external light incident on the image generating element is reduced, which can effectively reduce the light heat collected on the image generating element.
  • the purpose of image generation component surface temperature to ensure image quality.
  • the optical system for head-up display includes a backlight module and the above optical module for head-up display, and the image generating element is illuminated by the backlight module to form image light.
  • information such as the current speed of the vehicle, navigation, etc. can be projected onto the photoelectric display device on the windshield through the optical system set for head-up display, in front of the windshield. form an image.
  • Drivers can see navigation and speed information without turning their heads or bowing their heads directly by looking at the windshield, improving driving safety.
  • the problem of sunlight inflow can be solved and improved, so that the driver can see better-quality images on the gear broadcast, and the comfort of the driver's experience is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical module for head-up display provided by the present embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of sunlight
  • Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of sunlight through polarized dustproof film
  • Fig. 4 is the distribution schematic diagram after sunlight filtering
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of sunlight passing through a filter element.
  • Icon 101-backlight module; 102-image generating element; 103-filter element; 104-first reflector; 105-second reflector; 106-polarized dust-proof film; 1061-transparent substrate; 1062-polarized film ; 107 - windshield; 108 - eye box.
  • orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms “inside”, “outside”, etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or is usually placed when the product of the application is used.
  • the orientation or positional relationship is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the present application.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, etc. are only used to differentiate the description and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a direct connection
  • connection can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • the head-up display is referred to as HUD, also known as the parallel display system, which refers to the driver-centered, blind-operated, multi-functional instrument panel.
  • HUD also known as the parallel display system
  • the blind operation is to let the driver not take his eyes away from the front as much as possible
  • the navigation information can be displayed on the multi-function instrument panel to make Look at the navigation that distracts the driver as little as possible. In short, it is to let the driver not always look left and right when driving, and keep an eye on the road ahead.
  • the HUD can project the current speed, navigation and other information on the photoelectric display device on the windshield to form an image in front of the glass.
  • the driver can see the navigation and speed information without turning or lowering his head.
  • AR HUD augmented reality head-up display
  • CN109219767A proposes a solution to replace ordinary flat mirrors in imaging systems with cold light mirrors (plane mirrors). Since cold light mirrors only reflect visible light, transmit infrared and ultraviolet light, the proportion of energy carried by infrared light in sunlight is relatively high, so It can effectively reduce the energy reaching the surface of the image generating unit, thereby reducing its surface temperature.
  • the cold light mirror film is complex and the cost of customization is high. Generally, it is made into a relatively large area, and then cut according to actual needs to meet different needs, so it generally appears in the form of a flat mirror. However, as the requirements of customers are getting higher and higher, the current combination of free-form surface + flat mirror can no longer meet the customer's requirements for image quality. Generally, the two-stage mirrors must be made into curved surfaces to meet the needs. In this case , the application of cold light mirror technology is greatly limited.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an optical module for a head-up display, which aims to solve the problem that during the use of the head-up display, especially the augmented reality head-up display, the image generation units such as thin film transistors and liquid crystal displays are overheated and cannot work due to the occurrence of sunlight backflow.
  • the optical module for head-up display of the embodiment of the present application can prevent part of sunlight from entering the optical module for head-up display, and effectively prevent infrared light and ultraviolet light from reaching the surface of the image generating element 102, so as to reduce its surface temperature;
  • the design of the two-stage mirrors with curved surfaces can also be used to meet the requirements for imaging quality.
  • some embodiments of the present application provide an optical module for head-up display, the optical module includes an image generating element 102 and a light blocking component arranged in sequence, and the image generating element 102 is used for An image signal is formed, and the image signal enters the receiving end through the light-blocking component; the light-blocking component is also used to transmit part of the external light according to the polarization direction and/or wavelength.
  • the image generating element 102 is generally a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT LCD), the light source is located on the light-incident side of the image generating element 102, the light source and the image generating element 102 are arranged in coordination, and the light beam emitted by the light source passes through the image generating element 102. After that, image light is formed to generate an image signal.
  • the image light or image signal enters the receiving end after passing through the light blocking component, and the receiving end receives the image signal and forms an image.
  • the light-blocking component When the image signal passes through the light-blocking component, the light-blocking component has no or very little influence on the image signal, so as to ensure that the image received by the receiving end is not affected by the light-blocking component, so as to ensure its image brightness and image quality.
  • the light blocking component adopts the polarized light blocking component
  • the light blocking component with the same polarization direction and the image light emitting direction can be used. Therefore, the light blocking component has no effect on the image light and allows the image light to pass through.
  • the light blocking component adopts wavelength blocking light a light blocking element that can transmit the wavelength of the image light can be selected, and the image light can also be transmitted.
  • the light blocking component has the function of screening the external light.
  • the external light is screened according to the polarization direction or wavelength of the light, or combined with the polarization direction and wavelength, so that part of the external light is transmitted and part of the light is filtered out.
  • the external light is incident from the side of the receiving end, and then enters the image generating element 102 through the light blocking component in turn. After the external light passes through the image generating element 102, it has no effect on the image generating element 102. The light heat of the light will gather on the image generating element 102 , which increases the temperature of the image generating element 102 and affects the working performance of the image generating element 102 .
  • the optical module for head-up display When the optical module for head-up display is applied to the head-up display technology, it is usually used in vehicles such as automobiles.
  • the car is driving outdoors, and the ambient light has a great influence on it, so the external light here refers to sunlight.
  • the sunlight When the car is driving outdoors, the sunlight will inevitably enter the optical module for the head-up display from the side of the receiving end.
  • the optical module used for the head-up display has two kinds of light incidents, namely, a light source that enables the image generating element 102 to generate an image signal, and an external light that does not contribute to the image generating element 102 generating an image signal.
  • the light is incident from two directions respectively, that is, the light paths of the light source and the external light passing through the optical module for HUD are completely opposite.
  • an image generating element 102 and a light blocking component are arranged in sequence, and the image generating element 102 is used to generate an image, and the light beam emitted from the light source passes through the image generating element 102 to form The image light generates an image signal, and then the image light with the image signal information is received by the back-end receiving end through the light blocking component to form an image.
  • the image light passes through the light blocking component, it is not or rarely affected by the light blocking component, and the original parameters of the image light remain unchanged. For example, after the image light passes through the light blocking component, the brightness of the image light does not change.
  • the external light will be incident on the optical module used for the head-up display from the side of the receiving end, and the external light will pass through the light blocking component and the image generating element 102 in sequence.
  • the light heat of the light will gather on the image generating element 102, increase the temperature of the image generating element 102, and affect the working performance of the image generating element 102. Therefore, a light blocking component is used to filter out most of the external light, so that a small part of the external light is filtered.
  • the temperature of the image generating element 102 is reduced, so as to ensure the working performance of the image generating element 102 .
  • the light-blocking component has no or very little influence on the image light, and allows the image light to pass through; however, the light-blocking component will select which part of the external light can pass according to the polarization direction or wavelength of the light, or a combination of the polarization direction and wavelength.
  • the light blocking component Through the light blocking component, most of the external light is filtered out, and only a small part of the external light will pass through. In this way, the image light is received by the receiving end to generate an image. After the external light is filtered out by the light blocking component, the external light is reduced.
  • the amount of incident image generating element 102 can effectively reduce the amount of light and heat collected on the image generating element 102 , so as to reduce the surface temperature of the image generating element 102 and ensure image quality.
  • the light-blocking element When the light-blocking element screens the external light in the polarization direction, the light-blocking element includes a polarizing dustproof film 106. As shown in FIG. 3, the polarizing dustproof film 106 includes a transparent substrate 1061 and a polarizing film 1062 arranged on the transparent substrate 1061. The polarizing film The polarization direction of 1062 is the same as the light exit direction of the light beam of the image signal formed by the image generating element 102 .
  • the image light can pass through the polarizing film 1062 to the receiving end.
  • the external light is stray and has multiple polarization directions. If the polarization direction of the external light is consistent with the polarization direction of the polarizing film 1062, it can pass through the polarizing film 1062; if the polarization direction of the external light is inconsistent with that of the polarizing film 1062, it cannot be It passes through the polarizing film 1062 and is filtered out by the polarizing film.
  • the polarizing film 1062 when selecting the parameters of the polarizing film 1062, it is necessary to select the polarizing film 1062 that is consistent with the polarization direction of the image light, but can filter out most of the light in the external light as much as possible, so as to allow the image light to pass through and filter out the outside light. Most of the ambient light is used to reduce the temperature of the image generating element 102 .
  • the polarized dustproof film 106 can prevent about half of the external light from entering the optical module for the head-up display, and has little or no effect on the brightness of the image light formed by the image generating element 102 .
  • the polarizing dustproof film 106 includes a transparent substrate 1061 and a polarizing film 1062, and the transparent substrate 1061 can be made of PC polycarbonate.
  • the polarizing film 1062 is attached to the transparent substrate 1061 , and the polarizing direction of the polarizing film 1062 matches the emitting direction of the image light formed by the image generating element 102 .
  • the polarizing film 1062 may be an absorbing polarizing film 1062 for absorbing incident light in a certain polarization direction; or, the polarizing film 1062 may be a reflective polarizing film 1062 for reflecting incident light in a certain polarization direction.
  • most of the image light emitted by the image generating element 102 can pass through the polarizing film 1062 so as not to affect the brightness; while for the sunlight coming in from the outside, only a part (about 50%)
  • the light that is consistent with the light-emitting direction of the image generating element 102 can enter the image generating element 102 through the polarized dustproof film 106, while the other part is blocked outside the polarized dustproof film 106 by means of absorption or reflection, and cannot enter the image generating element 102, Therefore, the sunlight energy entering the image generating element 102 can be effectively reduced, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the surface temperature of the image generating element 102 .
  • the light blocking component further includes a filter element 103, which is located between the polarized dustproof film 106 and the image generation element 102, so as to transmit part of the external light according to the wavelength, and filter the polarized dustproof film. Part of the beam of ambient light incident on the film 106 .
  • the external light is incident on the filter element 103 from the receiving end through the polarized dustproof film 106.
  • the external light is generally sunlight, and the spectral range of sunlight is very large.
  • visible light there are also infrared light and ultraviolet light. These light rays, especially infrared light, carry a lot of energy of sunlight, so if the light condensed on the image generating element 102 is not processed, the temperature of the image generating element 102 will be very high, thereby affecting the performance of the image generating element 102 .
  • the filter element 103 should be able to filter at least infrared light, or filter part of the infrared light, so that most of the external light reaching the image generating element 102 can be filtered out. energy.
  • the filter element 103 is used for at least filtering infrared light and transmitting visible light.
  • the filter element can also filter ultraviolet light, and the filter element 103 is coated with an optical film, and through the optical film, the filter element 103 can filter both ultraviolet light and infrared light, or only filter infrared light, or only filter infrared light. part of the light.
  • the filter element 103 filters ultraviolet light with a wavelength less than 400 nm, and filters infrared light with a wavelength greater than 680 nm, and the filtered infrared light and ultraviolet light energy approximately account for the energy of sunlight entering the optical module for head-up display. 68%.
  • the filter element 103 can reflect infrared light (IR) and ultraviolet light (UV) in sunlight, and transmit visible light (visible). As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , the filter element 103 is a filter, and the filter can be attached to the image generating element 102. Since the filter element 103 has a high transmittance in the visible light wavelength band, The image light emitted by the element 102 has little influence, that is, the influence on the brightness of the image light is very small; in addition, the filter element 103 reflects infrared light and ultraviolet light, and when the sunlight passing through the polarized dustproof film 106 is poured back into the filter element 103 Infrared light and ultraviolet light will be reflected, and visible light can be transmitted.
  • IR infrared light
  • UV ultraviolet light
  • infrared light occupies a lot of energy, it cannot reach the surface of the image generating element 102 after being reflected. Therefore, the image generation after using the filter element 103 The surface temperature of the element 102 is further reduced, enhancing the operational stability of the image generating element 102 .
  • the filter element 103 includes a base material and a coating provided on the base material.
  • the base material of the filter element 103 can be selected from glass D263T, and the coating material of the filter element 103 can be selected from TiO2, SiO2, etc., to enhance the filtering effect. Effect.
  • the filter element 103 and the image generation element 102 may be attached to each other, or the filter element 103 and the image generation element 102 may be independently arranged in the optical path at intervals.
  • the polarizing dustproof film 106 filters part of the light in the external light according to the polarization direction, reducing the total amount of the external light incident on the filter element 103, and the filter element 103 should be able to filter out at least infrared light according to the wavelength, and reduce the infrared light. Heat to the image generating element 102 .
  • the optical module for head-up display is adopted to reach the image generating element 102
  • the solar energy on the surface can be reduced by about 84%, among which, 84% ⁇ 1-50%*32%, 50% is the transmittance of the polarized dustproof film 106, and the polarized dustproof film 106 can reduce the entry of external light by 50% 32% is the ratio of visible light energy (400nm ⁇ 640nm) to the total energy of sunlight, which reduces most of the light energy reaching the surface of the image generating element 102 and effectively reduces the temperature of the surface of the image generating element 102, so it can effectively protect the image generating element 102.
  • Improve the phenomenon of sunlight inversion in the head-up display technology improve the phenomenon of sunlight inversion in the head-up display technology.
  • At least one reflective surface is further provided between the polarized dustproof film 106 and the filter element 103, for reflecting the light beam incident on the polarized dustproof film 106 to the filter element 103, or the incident filter element 103 The light beam is reflected to the polarized dust release film.
  • the image light formed by the image generating element 102 is incident on at least one reflective surface through the filter element 103, and after being reflected by the at least one reflective surface, it is directed to the polarized dustproof film 106; the external light incident from the receiving end passes through the polarized dustproof film 106 The incident light enters at least one reflective surface, and after being reflected by the at least one reflective surface, enters the filter element 103 and the image generating element 102 in sequence.
  • the reflective surface completes the beam reflection between the filter element 103 and the polarized dustproof film 106 for imaging.
  • two mirrors are used, namely the first mirror 104 and the second mirror 105, and the filter element 103 and the polarized dustproof film are completed by the first mirror 104 and the second mirror 105. Beam reflections between 106.
  • the reflection surface is a curved surface.
  • the first reflection mirror 104 has two reflection surfaces, which can respectively reflect the image light and the light in two directions of the external light.
  • the first reflection mirror 104 The two reflective surfaces of , may both be curved surfaces, or only one of the reflective surfaces may be curved surfaces, and the same is true for the second reflecting mirror 105 .
  • the optical module for head-up display uses a polarized dustproof film 106 and a filter element 103 to solve and improve the problem of sunlight inflow, and polarized dustproof
  • the film 106 prevents about half of the external light from entering the optical module for the head-up display, and has no effect on the image light;
  • the filter element 103 reflects the infrared light and ultraviolet light that reach the surface of the image generating element 102 when the sunlight is poured back. No effect.
  • the advantage is that the two mirrors used for the imaging of the optical module used for the head-up display can be made into curved surfaces, which is beneficial to optimize the imaging quality to a relatively good state during imaging, so that the entire optical module used for the head-up display can be made into a curved surface.
  • the module obtains better image quality. Since AR HUD needs to have a farther virtual image distance and a larger field of view, this advantage is especially obvious in AR HUD.
  • an optical system for head-up display the optical system including a backlight module 101 and the optical module for head-up display provided according to some embodiments of the present application, for
  • the image generating element 102 of the optical module of the head-up display is located on the light-emitting side of the backlight module 101 , that is, the light source emitted by the backlight module 101 passes through the image generating element 102 to form image light to generate an image signal.
  • the optical system for head-up display includes the same structure and beneficial effects as the optical module for head-up display in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the structure and beneficial effects of the optical module used for the head-up display have been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • optical system for head-up display When the above-mentioned optical system for head-up display is applied to a vehicle, further embodiments of the present application further provide a vehicle, the vehicle comprising a vehicle body and the optical system for head-up display provided according to other embodiments of the present application
  • the optical system for head-up display is arranged on the vehicle body, and the light blocking component and the receiving end of the optical system for head-up display are respectively located on both sides of the windshield 107 of the vehicle body.
  • the optical system for head-up display is set on the vehicle body, and the light blocking component and the receiving end are respectively located on both sides of the windshield 107 of the vehicle body.
  • the imaging principle is: the image generating element 102 loads the information to be displayed, here The information can include the current speed of the vehicle, navigation and other information.
  • the backlight module 101 generates a uniform light source to illuminate the image generating element 102 to form image light, and then the image light passes through the filter element 103, the first reflector 104, and the second reflector 105 And the polarized dust-proof film 106 then shoots toward the windshield 107, and after being reflected by the windshield 107, enters the driver's eye movement range (eye box 108), where the eye box 108 is the receiving end.
  • the above-mentioned components can constitute an imaging system.
  • the image light passes through the imaging system to form an enlarged virtual image at a certain distance. When the driver's eyes are within the scope of the eye box 108 , the virtual image can be observed.
  • the windshield 107 can also be regarded as a receiving end, and the windshield 107 is used to participate in imaging.
  • the windshield 107 reflects a part of the image light and transmits a part of the image light; similarly, for the external external light, it also reflects a part of the external light and transmits a part of the external light.
  • the optical system for head-up display by setting the optical system for head-up display, information such as the current speed and navigation of the vehicle can be projected onto the photoelectric display device on the windshield 107 through the optical system set for the head-up display, An image is formed in front of the windshield 107 .
  • the driver can see the navigation and vehicle speed information directly by looking at the windshield 107 without turning or lowering his head, thereby improving driving safety.
  • the problem of sunlight inflow can be solved and improved, so that the driver can see the image with better quality on the windshield 107, and the comfort of the driver's experience is improved.
  • the present application provides an optical module for head-up display, an optical system thereof, and a vehicle.
  • the optical module for head-up display includes an image generating element and a light blocking component arranged in sequence, and the image generating element is used for forming an image
  • the image signal is incident on the receiving end through the light blocking component; the light blocking component is also used to transmit part of the external light according to the polarization direction and/or wavelength.
  • the image signal passes through the light-blocking component, it is not or rarely affected by the light-blocking component.
  • the external light passes through the light-blocking component and the image generating element in turn.
  • the external light does not generate an image after passing through the image generating element, but the light heat of the external light will be concentrated in the On the image generation element, increase the temperature of the image generation element, and use a light blocking component to filter out most of the outside light, let a small part of the outside light pass, reduce the light heat of the outside light on the image generation element, and reduce the image generation element. temperature to ensure image quality.
  • the optical module for head-up display, the optical system thereof, and the vehicle of the present application are reproducible, and can be used in various industrial applications.
  • the optical module for head-up display, the optical system thereof, and the vehicle of the present application can be used in the technical field of head-up display.

Abstract

一种用于抬头显示的光学模组及其光学系统、车辆，涉及抬头显示技术领域。包括依次设置的图像生成元件(102)和阻光组件，图像生成元件(102)用于形成图像信号，图像信号透过阻光组件入射接收端(108)；阻光组件还用于根据偏振方向和/或波长使外界光中的部分光透过。图像信号经阻光组件时不受或极少受阻光组件的影响，外界光依次经阻光组件和图像生成元件(102)，外界光经图像生成元件(102)后不产生图像，但是外界光的光热量会聚集在图像生成元件(102)上，增大图像生成元件(102)的温度，采用阻光组件以滤除大部分的外界光，使少部分外界光通过，降低外界光在图像生成元件(102)上的光热量，降低图像生成元件(102)的温度，保证图像质量。

Description

用于抬头显示的光学模组及其光学系统、车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年03月04日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202110239212.5、名称为“用于抬头显示的光学模组及其光学系统、车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及抬头显示技术领域，具体涉及用于抬头显示的光学模组及其光学系统、车辆。
背景技术
随着技术发展，抬头显示技术(HUD)应用到汽车领域越来越普通，近年来增强现实型抬头显示(AR HUD)也开始在一些高端车上应用。由于AR HUD可以更大的视场角和更远的虚像距离，可以使显示图像和现实物体相融合，因此更受到用户喜欢。
然而由于AR HUD光学元件面积较大，因此外部阳光进入光学系统时的能量会更多；另外，由于虚像距离较远，图像生成单元的位置相对于普通HUD来说离光学成像系统的焦点更近。因此发生阳光倒灌时，太阳光能量在图像生成单元上会更集中；相应地，此时图像生成单元光照区域的温度的非常高，如果不予以处理，极端情况下温度有可能达到300℃，远超过一般图像生成单元的工作温度(一般为105℃)，影响成像质量，严重时还可能导致图像生成单元因过热而损坏，影响其工作性能。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种用于抬头显示的光学模组及其光学系统、车辆，能够有效降低图像生成单元的温度，提高成像质量和工作性能。
本申请的一些实施例提供了一种用于抬头显示的光学模组，该光学模组可以包括依次设置的图像生成元件和阻光组件，所述图像生成元件可以用于形成图像信号，所述图像信号透过所述阻光组件入射接收端；所述阻光组件还可以用于根据偏振方向和/或波长使外界光中的部分光透过。
可选地，所述阻光组件可以包括偏光防尘膜；所述偏光防尘膜可以包括透明基底和设在所述透明基底上的偏光膜，所述偏光膜的偏光方向和所述图像生成元件的出光方向可以相同。
可选地，所述偏光膜可以为吸收型偏光膜或反射型偏光膜。
可选地，所述阻光组件还可以包括滤光元件，所述滤光元件可以位于所述偏光防尘膜和所述图像生成元件之间，以根据所述波长使外界光中的部分光透过。
可选地，所述滤光元件可以至少用于过滤红外光，并透射可见光。
可选地，所述滤光元件还可过滤紫外光。
可选地，所述图像生成元件和所述滤光元件可以贴合设置。
可选地，所述滤光元件和所述图像生成元件间隔独立设置于光路中。
可选地，在所述偏光防尘膜和所述滤光元件之间还可以设有至少一个反射面，用于将入射所述偏光防尘膜的光束反射向所述滤光元件，或者将入射所述滤光元件的光束反射向所述偏光放尘膜。
可选地，所述反射面可以为曲面。
本申请的另一些实施例提供了一种用于抬头显示的光学系统，该光学系统可以包括：背光模组和本申请的一些实施例所提供的用于抬头显示的光学模组，所述用于抬头显示的光学模组的图像生成元件可以位于所述背光模组的出光侧。
本申请的再一些实施例提供了一种车辆，该车辆可以包括：车辆本体和本申请的另一些实施例所提供的用于抬头显示的光学系统，所述用于抬头显示的光学系统可以设置于所述车辆本体上，且所述用于抬头显示的光学系统的阻光组件和接收端分别位于所述车辆本体的挡风玻璃的两侧。
本申请实施例提供的用于抬头显示的光学模组及其光学系统、车辆，用于抬头显示的光学模组包括依次设置的图像生成元件和阻光组件，图像生成元件用于生成图像，光源出射的光束经图像生成元件后，形成图像光，产生图像信号，然后带有图像信号信息的图像光经阻光组件后被后端接收端接收，形成图像。图像光经阻光组件时不受或极少受阻光组件的影响，保持图像光原有参数不改变，例如图像光的亮度经阻光组件后不改变。在这个过程中，外界光会由接收端一侧入射用于抬头显示的光学模组，外界光依次经阻光组件和图像生成元件，外界光经图像生成元件后不产生图像，但是外界光的光热量会聚集在图像生成元件上，增大图像生成元件的温度，影响图像生成元件的工作性能，因此采用阻光组件以滤除大部分的外界光，使少部分外界光通过，降低外界光在图像生成元件上的光热量，降低图像生成元件的温度，以保证图像生成元件的工作性能。阻光组件对图像光没有影响或有极少影响，可使图像光通过；但阻光元件会根据光的偏振方向，或者波长，或者结合偏振方向和波长，选择外界光中的哪部分光可透过，阻光组件滤除大部分外界光，只有少部分外界光会通过。这样一来，图像光被接收端接收以生成图像，外界光经过阻光组件筛选后，减小了外界光入射图像生成元件的量，可有效降低聚集到图像生成元件上的光热量，达到降低图像生成元件表面温度的目的，保证图像质量。
可选地，用于抬头显示的光学系统包括背光模组和如上的用于抬头显示的光学模组，通过背光模组照射图像生成元件以形成图像光。
可选地，通过设置用于抬头显示的光学系统，可把车辆当前时速、导航等信息经通过 设置用于抬头显示的光学系统投影到挡风玻璃上的光电显示装置上，在挡风玻璃前方形成影像。驾驶员不用转头、低头，直接注视挡风玻璃即可看到导航、车速信息，提高驾驶安全性。并通过用于抬头显示的光学系统，解决和改善阳光倒灌问题，使驾驶员能在档分广播里上看到质量较好的图像，提高驾驶员体验的舒适度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1是本实施例提供的用于抬头显示的光学模组结构示意图；
图2是太阳光分布示意图；
图3是太阳光经偏光防尘膜示意图；
图4是太阳光滤光后的分布示意图；
图5是太阳光经滤光元件示意图。
图标：101-背光模组；102-图像生成元件；103-滤光元件；104-第一反射镜；105-第二反射镜；106-偏光防尘膜；1061-透明基底；1062-偏光膜；107-挡风玻璃；108-眼盒。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该申请产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
抬头显示简称HUD，又被叫做平行显示系统，是指以驾驶员为中心、盲操作、多功能仪表盘。以驾驶员为中心是为了让驾驶员在开车的时候看车载屏幕、操作旋钮更加方便；盲操作是为了让驾驶员尽可能不把视线离开前方；多功能仪表盘上面能显示导航信息是为 了让看导航这件事儿尽可能少的转移驾驶员的注意力。总之，就是让驾驶员在开车的时候别总是左顾右盼，好好盯着前面的路况。
HUD可以把当前时速、导航等信息投影到风挡玻璃上的光电显示装置上，在玻璃前方形成影像。驾驶员不用转头、低头就能看到导航、车速信息。
近年来，增强现实型抬头显示(AR HUD)也开始在一些高端车上应用，但是由于AR HUD光学元件面积较大，因此外部阳光进入光学系统时的能量会更多；另一方面，由于虚像距离较远，图像生成单元的位置相对于普通HUD来说离光学成像系统的焦点更近，因此发生阳光倒灌时，太阳光能量在图像生成单元上会更集中，此时图像生成单元光照区域的温度非常高。为保证图像的成像质量，需降低图像生成单元光照区域的温度。
CN109219767A提出了一种解决方案，以冷光镜(平面镜)来替代成像系统中的普通平面镜，由于冷光镜仅反射可见光，透射红外及紫外线，太阳光中红外线所携带的能量所占比例较高，因此可有效降低到达图像生成单元表面的能量，进而降低其表面温度。
但是，冷光镜膜系复杂，订制化成本很高，一般都做成比较大的面积，然后根据实际需要进行裁切，以满足不同的需求，因此一般都以平面镜的形式出现。然而随着客户的要求越来越高，当前自由曲面+平面镜的组合已满足不了客户对图像质量的要求，一般都要把两级反射镜都做成曲面，才能满足需求，在这种情况下，冷光镜技术的应用受到极大限制。
本申请实施例提供一种用于抬头显示的光学模组，旨在解决抬头显示特别是增强现实型抬头显示器使用过程中，由于发生阳光倒灌导致图像生成单元如薄膜晶体管、液晶显示器过热而不能工作的问题。本申请实施例的用于抬头显示的光学模组，可阻止部分太阳光进入用于抬头显示的光学模组，并有效阻止红外光、紫外光到达图像生成元件102表面，以降低其表面温度；还可采用两级反射镜均为曲面的设计满足对成像质量的要求。
具体地，请参照图1，本申请的一些实施例提供了一种用于抬头显示的光学模组，该光学模组包括依次设置的图像生成元件102和阻光组件，图像生成元件102用于形成图像信号，图像信号透过阻光组件入射接收端；阻光组件还用于根据偏振方向和/或波长使外界光中的部分光透过。
在抬头显示技术中，图像生成元件102一般为薄膜晶体管液晶显示器(TFT LCD)，光源位于图像生成元件102的入光侧，光源和图像生成元件102配合设置，光源发射的光束经图像生成元件102后形成图像光，产生图像信号，图像光或者说图像信号经阻光组件后入射接收端，接收端接收到图像信号后形成图像。
图像信号经阻光组件时，阻光组件对图像信号没有影响或极少有影响，以保证接收端接收到的图像不受阻光组件的影响，保证其图像亮度和图像质量。
阻光组件采用偏振阻光时，可采用偏振方向和图像光出光方向一致的阻光组件，因此阻光组件对图像光不起作用，可使图像光透过。阻光组件采用波长阻光时，可选用能透射图像光波长的阻光元件，也可使图像光透过。
但阻光组件对外界光具有筛选的作用，根据光的偏振方向，或者波长，或者结合偏振方向和波长筛选外界光，使外界光中的部分光透过，部分光被滤除。
一般外界光由接收端一侧入射，依次经阻光组件入射图像生成元件102，外界光经图像生成元件102后，对图像生成元件102不产生作用，图像生成元件102不产生图像信号，但是外界光的光热量会聚集到图像生成元件102上，使图像生成元件102的温度增高，影响图像生成元件102的工作性能。
当将用于抬头显示的光学模组应用在抬头显示技术的时候，通常用于汽车等交通工具，汽车在户外行驶，环境光线对它的影响比较大，所以这里的外界光指的是太阳光，汽车在户外行驶时，太阳光总会无可避免地从接收端的一侧入射用于抬头显示的光学模组。
因此，需要通过阻光组件通过过滤或反射等方式阻挡这部分外界光入射图像生成元件102，阻光组件对外界光进行筛选。这样一来，外界光经阻光组件筛选后，大部分被阻光组件滤除掉，只有少部分未被滤除的外界光会到达图像生成元件102，使聚集到图像生成元件102的光热量减小，就缓解或消除了外界光带给图像生成元件102的影响，解决相关技术中阳光倒灌，以抑制图像生成元件102的温度升高的问题，以保证图像生成元件102能稳定工作。
由上述可知，用于抬头显示的光学模组有两种光入射，分别为能使图像生成元件102产生图像信号的光源，和对图像生成元件102产生图像信号无贡献的外界光，光源和外界光分别从两个方向入射，也就是说，光源和外界光经过用于抬头显示的光学模组的光路完全相反。
本申请的一些实施例所提供的用于抬头显示的光学模组，依次设置图像生成元件102和阻光组件，图像生成元件102用于生成图像，光源出射的光束经图像生成元件102后，形成图像光，产生图像信号，然后带有图像信号信息的图像光经阻光组件后被后端接收端接收，形成图像。图像光经阻光组件时不受或极少受阻光组件的影响，保持图像光原有的参数不改变，例如图像光经阻光组件后，图像光的亮度不改变。在这个过程中，外界光会由接收端一侧入射用于抬头显示的光学模组，外界光依次经阻光组件和图像生成元件102，外界光经图像生成元件102后不产生图像，但是外界光的光热量会聚集在图像生成元件102上，增大图像生成元件102的温度，影响图像生成元件102的工作性能，因此采用阻光组件以滤除大部分的外界光，使少部分外界光通过，降低外界光在图像生成元件102上的光 热量，降低图像生成元件102的温度，以保证图像生成元件102的工作性能。阻光组件对图像光没有影响或有极少影响，可使图像光通过；但阻光元件会根据光的偏振方向，或者波长，或者结合偏振方向和波长，选择外界光中的哪部分光可透过，阻光组件滤除大部分外界光，只有少部分外界光会通过，这样一来，图像光被接收端接收以生成图像，外界光经过阻光组件筛除后，减小了外界光入射图像生成元件102的量，可有效降低聚集到图像生成元件102上的光热量，达到降低图像生成元件102表面温度的目的，保证图像质量。
阻光元件以偏振方向筛选外界光时，阻光组件包括偏光防尘膜106，如图3所示，偏光防尘膜106包括透明基底1061和设在透明基底1061上的偏光膜1062，偏光膜1062的偏光方向和图像生成元件102形成的图像信号的光束的出光方向相同。
偏光膜1062的偏光方向和图像生成元件102形成的图像光的出光方向相同，也就是两者的偏振方向一致，则图像光可透过偏光膜1062到达接收端。
外界光较杂散，有多个偏振方向，外界光中偏振方向和偏光膜1062的偏振方向一致的，可透过偏光膜1062；外界光中偏振方向和偏光膜1062的偏振方向不一致的，无法透过偏光膜1062，被偏光膜滤除。
因此，选择偏光膜1062参数时，需选择和图像光偏振方向一致的，但又能尽可能滤除外界光中的大部分光的偏光膜1062，以达到使图像光透过，并能滤除外界光中的大部分光，达到降低图像生成元件102温度的目的。
经选择后，偏光防尘膜106能够阻止一半左右的外界光进入用于抬头显示的光学模组内，同时对图像生成元件102形成的图像光的亮度没有或极少有影响。
偏光防尘膜106包括透明基底1061和偏光膜1062，透明基底1061可采用PC聚碳酸酯。偏光膜1062贴合在透明基底1061上，偏光膜1062的偏光方向与图像生成元件102形成的图像光的出光方向相匹配。
偏光膜1062可为吸收型偏光膜1062，用于吸收某一偏振方向的入射光；或者，偏光膜1062可为反射型偏光膜1062，用于反射某一偏振方向的入射光。
如图3所示，经图像生成元件102出射的图像光绝大部分都能够通过偏光膜1062，从而不影响亮度；而对于从外部进来的外界光(sunshine)，仅有部分(约50％)与图像生成元件102出光方向一致的光可通过偏光防尘膜106进入图像生成元件102，而另一部分则以吸收或反射的方式被阻挡在偏光防尘膜106外，无法入射图像生成元件102，因此可有效降低进入图像生成元件102的太阳光能量，从而达到降低图像生成元件102表面温度的目的。
可选地，阻光组件还包括滤光元件103，滤光元件103位于偏光防尘膜106和图像生 成元件102之间，以根据波长使外界光中的部分光透过，过滤经偏光防尘膜106入射的外界光中的部分光束。
外界光由接收端经偏光防尘膜106入射到滤光元件103，如图2所示，外界光一般为太阳光，太阳光的光谱范围非常大，除了可见光，还有红外光和紫外光线，这些光线特别是红外光携带了太阳光的大量能量，因此如果对于会聚到图像生成元件102上的光线不作处理的话，会使得图像生成元件102的温度非常高，从而影响图像生成元件102的性能。
因红外光携带了太阳光中的大部分能量，因此滤光元件103要至少能过滤红外光，或者过滤红外光中的部分，这样就能滤除到达图像生成元件102的外界光中的大部分能量。
滤光元件103至少用于过滤红外光，并透射可见光。滤光元件还可过滤紫外光，滤光元件103上镀覆光学膜，通过光学膜，使滤光元件103既可以滤紫外光，也可以滤红外光，或者仅滤红外光，或者仅滤红外光的一部分。
作为其中一个实施例，滤光元件103过滤波长小于400nm的紫外光，同时过滤波长大于680nm红外光，所过滤的红外光和紫外光能量约占进入用于抬头显示的光学模组的太阳光能量的68％。
滤光元件103能够反射太阳光中的红外光(IR)、紫外光(UV)，透过可见光(visible)。如图4和图5所示，滤光元件103为滤光片，滤光片可贴合到图像生成元件102上，由于滤光元件103在可见光波段有很高透射率，因此对于从图像生成元件102出射的图像光影响很小，也即对图像光的亮度的影响很小；另外滤光元件103反射红外光、紫外光，当经过偏光防尘膜106的太阳光倒灌到滤光元件103表面时，红外光、紫外光即会被反射，可见光则可透过，由于红外光所占的能量比较多，被反射不能到达图像生成元件102表面，因此使用了滤光元件103后的图像生成元件102表面温度会进一步降低，增强图像生成元件102的工作稳定性。
可选地，滤光元件103包括基材和设在基材上的镀膜，滤光元件103的基材可选用玻璃D263T，滤光元件103的镀膜材料可选用TiO2、SiO2等，以增强滤光效果。
其中，滤光元件103和图像生成元件102可贴合设置，或者，滤光元件103和图像生成元件102间隔独立设置于光路中。
由上述可知，偏光防尘膜106根据偏振方向过滤外界光中的部分光，减小外界光入射滤光元件103的总量，滤光元件103根据波长要至少能滤除红外光，减少红外光带给图像生成元件102的热量。结合偏光防尘膜106和过滤红外光、紫外光的滤光元件103，相对于未使用任何策略的抬头显示系统，采用本申请实施例的用于抬头显示的光学模组，到达图像生成元件102表面的太阳光能量可减少约84％，其中，84％≈1-50％*32％，50％为偏 光防尘膜106的透过率，偏光防尘膜106可减少50％的外界光进入；32％为可见光能量(400nm～640nm)占太阳光总能量的比值，减少了到达图像生成元件102表面的大部分光能量，有效降低图像生成元件102表面的温度，因此可有效保护图像生成元件102，改善抬头显示技术中阳光倒灌现象。
可选地，在偏光防尘膜106和滤光元件103之间还设有至少一个反射面，用于将入射偏光防尘膜106的光束反射向滤光元件103，或者将入射滤光元件103的光束反射向偏光放尘膜。
由图像生成元件102形成的图像光经滤光元件103入射至少一个反射面，经至少一个反射面的反射后，射向偏光防尘膜106；由接收端入射的外界光经偏光防尘膜106入射至少一个反射面，经至少一个反射面的反射后，依次入射滤光元件103和图像生成元件102。
反射面完成滤光元件103和偏光防尘膜106之间的光束反射，用于成像。示例地，本申请实施例中采用两个反射镜，分别为第一反射镜104和第二反射镜105，通过第一反射镜104和第二反射镜105完成滤光元件103和偏光防尘膜106之间的光束反射。
反射面为曲面，当采用第一反射镜104和第二反射镜105时，第一反射镜104具有两个反射面，可分别反射图像光和外界光两个方向的光，第一反射镜104的两个反射面可以均为曲面，也可以仅有一个反射面是曲面，第二反射镜105同理。
针对相关技术中曲面冷光镜难以加工的特点，本申请实施例提供的用于抬头显示的光学模组，由偏光防尘膜106和滤光元件103来解决和改善阳光倒灌的问题，偏光防尘膜106阻止一半左右的外界光进入用于抬头显示的光学模组内，而对图像光没有影响；滤光元件103反射阳光倒灌时到达图像生成元件102表面的红外光、紫外光，对于图像光没有影响。其优点是可以把用于抬头显示的光学模组成像用的两个反射镜均做成曲面，有利于在成像时把成像质量优化到相对较好的状态，从而使整个用于抬头显示的光学模组获得比较好的像质，由于AR HUD需要有更远的虚像距离，更大的视场角，这个优点在AR HUD中尤为明显。
本申请的另一些实施例还提供了一种用于抬头显示的光学系统，该光学系统包括背光模组101和根据本申请的一些实施例所提供的用于抬头显示的光学模组，用于抬头显示的光学模组的图像生成元件102位于背光模组101的出光侧，也就是背光模组101出射的光源经图像生成元件102后形成图像光，产生图像信号。
该用于抬头显示的光学系统包含与前述实施例中的用于抬头显示的光学模组相同的结构和有益效果。用于抬头显示的光学模组的结构和有益效果已经在前述实施例中进行了详细描述，在此不再赘述。
将上述用于抬头显示的光学系统应用于车辆时，本申请再一些实施例还提供了一种车辆，该车辆包括车辆本体和根据本申请的另一些实施例所提供的用于抬头显示的光学系统，用于抬头显示的光学系统设置于车辆本体上，且用于抬头显示的光学系统的阻光组件和接收端分别位于车辆本体的挡风玻璃107的两侧。
将用于抬头显示的光学系统设置于车辆本体上，阻光组件和接收端分别位于车辆本体的挡风玻璃107的两侧，其成像原理为：图像生成元件102加载需要显示的信息，此处的信息可包括车辆当前时速、导航等信息，背光模组101产生均匀的光源照亮图像生成元件102形成图像光，然后图像光经过滤光元件103、第一反射镜104、第二反射镜105以及偏光防尘膜106后射向挡风玻璃107，经挡风玻璃107反射后进入驾驶员眼睛活动范围(眼盒108)，此处眼盒108为接收端。上述各元件可构成一成像系统，图像光经成像系统在一定距离成一放大的虚像，驾驶员的眼睛在眼盒108范围内时，可观察到该虚像。
挡风玻璃107也可看成接收端，使用挡风玻璃107参与成像。对于图像光来说，挡风玻璃107反射一部分图像光，透射一部分图像光；同样地，对于外部外界光来说，也是会反射一部分外界光、透射一部分外界光的，对于某些角度的太阳光，透过挡风玻璃107后进入用于抬头显示的光学系统，经光学元件反射后会聚到图像生成元件102上，即产生阳光倒灌现象。通过阻光组件解决或改善阳光倒灌问题，以提高成像质量。
本申请实施例提供的车辆，通过设置用于抬头显示的光学系统，可把车辆当前时速、导航等信息经通过设置用于抬头显示的光学系统投影到挡风玻璃107上的光电显示装置上，在挡风玻璃107前方形成影像。驾驶员不用转头、低头，直接注视挡风玻璃107即可看到导航、车速信息，提高驾驶安全性。并通过用于抬头显示的光学系统，解决和改善阳光倒灌问题，使驾驶员能在挡风玻璃107上看到质量较好的图像，提高驾驶员体验的舒适度。
以上所述仅为本申请的实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请的保护范围，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本申请提供了一种用于抬头显示的光学模组及其光学系统、车辆，用于抬头显示的光学模组包括依次设置的图像生成元件和阻光组件，所述图像生成元件用于形成图像信号，所述图像信号透过所述阻光组件入射接收端；所述阻光组件还用于根据偏振方向和/或波长使外界光中的部分光透过。图像信号经阻光组件时不受或极少受阻光组件的影响，外界光依次经阻光组件和图像生成元件，外界光经图像生成元件后不产生图像，但是外界光的光热量会聚集在图像生成元件上，增大图像生成元件的温度，采用阻光组件以滤除大部分的 外界光，使少部分外界光通过，降低外界光在图像生成元件上的光热量，降低图像生成元件的温度，保证图像质量。
此外，可以理解的是，本申请的用于抬头显示的光学模组及其光学系统、车辆是可以重现的，并且可以用在多种工业应用中。例如，本申请的用于抬头显示的光学模组及其光学系统、车辆可以用于抬头显示技术领域。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种用于抬头显示的光学模组，其特征在于，所述光学模组包括依次设置的图像生成元件和阻光组件，所述图像生成元件用于形成图像信号，所述图像信号透过所述阻光组件入射接收端；所述阻光组件还用于根据偏振方向和/或波长使外界光中的部分光透过。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述阻光组件包括偏光防尘膜；
    所述偏光防尘膜包括透明基底和设在所述透明基底上的偏光膜，所述偏光膜的偏光方向和所述图像生成元件的出光方向相同。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述偏光膜为吸收型偏光膜或反射型偏光膜。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述阻光组件还包括滤光元件，所述滤光元件位于所述偏光防尘膜和所述图像生成元件之间，以根据所述波长使外界光中的部分光透过。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述滤光元件至少用于过滤红外光，并透射可见光。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述滤光元件还过滤紫外光。
  7. 根据权利要求4至6中的任一项所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述滤光元件包括基材和设在所述基材上的镀膜，其中，所述滤光元件的基材选用玻璃D263T，所述滤光元件的镀膜的材料选用TiO2、SiO2。
  8. 根据权利要求4至7中的任一项所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述图像生成元件和所述滤光元件贴合设置。
  9. 根据权利要求4至7中的任一项所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述滤光元件和所述图像生成元件间隔独立设置于光路中。
  10. 根据权利要求4至9中的任一项所述的光学模组，其特征在于，在所述偏光防尘膜和所述滤光元件之间还设有至少一个反射面，用于将入射所述偏光防尘膜的光束反射向所述滤光元件，或者将入射所述滤光元件的光束反射向所述偏光放尘膜。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述反射面为曲面。
  12. 一种用于抬头显示的光学系统，其特征在于，包括背光模组和根据权利要求1至11中的任一项所述的用于抬头显示的光学模组，所述用于抬头显示的光学模组的图像生成元件位于所述背光模组的出光侧。
  13. 一种车辆，其特征在于，所述车辆包括车辆本体和根据权利要求12所述的用于抬头显示的光学系统，所述用于抬头显示的光学系统设置于所述车辆本体上，且所述用于抬头显示的光学系统的阻光组件和接收端分别位于所述车辆本体的挡风玻璃的两侧。
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