WO2022179596A1 - Antenne à ondes millimétriques, appareil et dispositif électronique - Google Patents

Antenne à ondes millimétriques, appareil et dispositif électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022179596A1
WO2022179596A1 PCT/CN2022/077857 CN2022077857W WO2022179596A1 WO 2022179596 A1 WO2022179596 A1 WO 2022179596A1 CN 2022077857 W CN2022077857 W CN 2022077857W WO 2022179596 A1 WO2022179596 A1 WO 2022179596A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
millimeter
metal plate
metal
patch
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/077857
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
朱乃达
侯猛
吴有全
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP22758960.3A priority Critical patent/EP4277027A1/fr
Publication of WO2022179596A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022179596A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/005—Patch antenna using one or more coplanar parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H01Q5/385—Two or more parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of communications, and in particular, to a millimeter-wave antenna, a device, and an electronic device.
  • mmWave antennas need to have high gain, beamforming and other characteristics to overcome path loss.
  • millimeter-wave antennas are relatively bulky as a whole and have a low degree of integration.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a millimeter-wave antenna, an apparatus and an electronic device to solve at least one of the problems of narrow operating frequency band and low integration level of the existing millimeter-wave antenna.
  • the present application provides a millimeter-wave antenna, comprising: a first metal plate, a second metal plate and a radiation patch arranged in a stack; the first metal plate and the second metal plate form a cavity
  • the first feeder is provided in the cavity to feed the cavity;
  • the second metal plate has a first slot;
  • the radiation patch includes at least two patch units, at least two of the patches
  • a first patch slot is formed between the units; wherein the first slot feeds the radiating patch.
  • the first slot is parallel to the first patch slot, so as to achieve better coupling and feeding of the radiation patch.
  • the first feed line excites the cavity and the first slot to generate a first resonant mode.
  • the first slot excites the radiating patch to generate a second resonant mode and a third resonant mode.
  • the resonance frequencies of the first resonance mode, the second resonance mode and the third resonance mode are different.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna may have a relatively large relative bandwidth, so as to cover the frequency band specified by the 5G technology as much as possible .
  • the millimeter-wave antenna can work in an ultra-wideband; wherein, the ultra-wideband means that the relative bandwidth of the antenna is greater than 50%.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna can also have a smaller size so as to be easily installed in an electronic device.
  • the first metal plate and the second metal plate are electrically connected through metal vias.
  • the cavity is formed by surrounding the first metal plate, the second metal plate and the metal via hole. It should be understood that the cavity can suppress higher-order modes between the first metal plate and the second metal plate, so as to improve the efficiency of the millimeter-wave antenna, and can reduce the effect of these higher-order modes on each mode of the millimeter-wave antenna. influences.
  • the cavity can also improve the anti-interference performance of the signal, so as to improve the signal transmission effect.
  • the shape of the first slit is an arrow shape, a rectangle, an H shape, a dumbbell shape or a butterfly shape. It should be understood that when the shape of the first slit is an arrow shape, the first slit may have a longer current path. That is, while satisfying the requirement of a certain resonant frequency, the second metal plate bearing the first slot can be made to have a smaller size.
  • the cavity is rectangular, and the first slit is disposed along a diagonal line of the cavity. Based on this, the diagonal size of the cavity can be fully utilized, and the first slot with a longer length can be obtained under the limited cavity area, and the second metal plate can have a smaller area, so as to realize the miniaturization of the millimeter-wave antenna. change.
  • the shape of the radiation patch is a rectangle, a circle, a circular ring, a fan shape or a diamond shape.
  • the radiation patch in order to further expand the bandwidth and obtain higher radiation gain, may be connected to the second metal plate through metal vias, wherein the metal vias are respectively located in the width direction of the first slit. sides.
  • the antenna further includes a plurality of parasitic patches, and the plurality of parasitic patches are arranged around the radiation patch to widen the working frequency band of the millimeter-wave antenna and increase the diameter of the antenna.
  • the antenna further includes at least one parasitic patch, wherein the parasitic patch and the radiating patch are stacked and arranged, wherein the shape of the radiating patch may be a "cross" shape, a rectangle, or the like.
  • the application examples are not specifically limited.
  • the stacked arrangement of the parasitic patch and the radiating patch can broaden the working frequency band of the millimeter-wave antenna and increase the antenna aperture.
  • the antenna further includes a parasitic metal column, and the parasitic metal column is disposed on the second metal plate and surrounds the radiation patch.
  • the parasitic metal pillar and the radiation patch generate a fourth resonance mode.
  • millimeter-wave antennas can have four modes to more comprehensively cover the frequency bands specified by 5G technology.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna can work in the frequency band of 23.5GHz-44.2GHz, and its relative bandwidth is 61.1%.
  • the height of the parasitic metal pillar is less than or equal to the shortest distance between the second metal plate and the radiation patch. It should be understood that the parasitic metal column does not affect the overall height of the millimeter-wave antenna. That is, the millimeter wave antenna does not increase its volume while increasing the fourth resonance mode, so as to realize miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the antenna further includes a matching metal post, the matching metal post is disposed on the second metal plate and surrounds the edge of the second metal plate.
  • the matching metal posts can be used for impedance matching.
  • the radiation gain of the millimeter-wave antenna can be improved by adjusting the distance between the matching metal post and the radiation patch.
  • the operating frequencies of the antenna include n257 (26.5GHz ⁇ 29.5GHz), n258 (24.25GHz ⁇ 27.5GHz), n259 (40.5GHz ⁇ 43.5GHz), n260 (37GHz ⁇ 40GHz) and n261 (27.5GHz) ⁇ 28.35GHz) frequency band.
  • the antenna further includes a second feed line (eg, probe, microstrip, stripline, etc.).
  • a second feed line eg, probe, microstrip, stripline, etc.
  • the second feeder line and the first feeder line may intersect (for example, perpendicular to each other).
  • the second feed line is perpendicular to the first feed line to reduce the cross-polarization level of radiation.
  • the second metal plate also has a second slot that intersects the first slot (eg, the second slot may be perpendicular to the first slot to reduce the cross-polarization level of radiation).
  • the number of the patch units is at least four, and the radiation patch further has a second patch slot.
  • the second feed line excites the cavity to generate the first resonance mode; the second slot is used to excite the radiation patch to generate the second resonance mode and the third resonance model.
  • the second slot is also used to excite the parasitic metal pillar and the radiation patch to generate the fourth resonance mode. Based on this, the millimeter-wave antenna can realize the dual-polarization function.
  • the antenna has an axis of rotational symmetry; and/or the antenna has a plane of symmetry. It should be understood that, based on the symmetrical antenna structure, the processing of the millimeter-wave antenna can be facilitated, and the volume of the millimeter-wave antenna can be reduced.
  • the antenna is used in an array antenna and acts as an antenna element of the array antenna.
  • the number of the antenna units may be one, two or more.
  • the array antenna includes at least one antenna unit, and the antenna unit includes the millimeter wave antenna described in the above embodiment
  • the shape of the cavity is at least one or a combination of a rectangle, a triangle, a circle, and an ellipse.
  • the length direction or the width direction of the cavity is arranged along the diagonal of the second metal plate.
  • the volume of the antenna is greater than or equal to 0.24 ⁇ 0 *0.24 ⁇ 0 *0.07 ⁇ 0 , wherein ⁇ 0 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the air at the lowest operating frequency.
  • the first feed line and the second feed line are microstrip lines; or, the first feed line and the second feed line are strip lines.
  • the first slot is perpendicular to the first feed line, and the second slot is perpendicular to the second feed line, so that the effect of coupling and feeding of the millimeter-wave antenna can be improved.
  • the second resonance mode is a TM 10 mode
  • the third resonance mode is an anti-phase TM 20 mode.
  • the present application also provides an antenna module, which includes a package and the millimeter-wave antenna described in the above embodiments.
  • the present application also provides a device, characterized in that the device includes: a radio frequency module and the antenna described in the above embodiments, wherein the radio frequency module includes a filter, a switch, a low noise amplifier, and a power amplifier at least one of.
  • the radio frequency module includes a filter, a switch, a low noise amplifier, and a power amplifier at least one of.
  • Integrating the radio frequency module and the antenna in one device can save space through integration, and can also reduce the loss of signals during transmission.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes an antenna carrier, and the millimeter-wave antenna, array antenna, antenna module or device described in the above embodiments, the millimeter-wave antenna, array antenna, antenna
  • the module or device is arranged on the antenna carrier.
  • the antenna carrier is a middle frame, a back cover, a display screen or a circuit board of the electronic device.
  • the millimeter wave antenna can have the first resonance mode, the second resonance mode and the third resonance mode, so as to maximize the Covers the frequency bands specified by 5G technology to meet the needs of wireless communication.
  • the miniaturization of the millimeter-wave antenna can also be realized, so as to improve the integration degree of the electronic device to which the millimeter-wave antenna is applied.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a millimeter-wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a millimeter-wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a millimeter-wave antenna according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a millimeter wave antenna according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a side view of a millimeter wave antenna according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a data diagram of the reflection coefficient of the millimeter-wave antenna according to another embodiment of the present application as a function of frequency.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a millimeter-wave antenna according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded view of a millimeter wave antenna according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a data graph of the reflection coefficient of an ultra-wideband millimeter-wave antenna as a function of frequency.
  • Fig. 11 is a data graph of the reflection coefficient of a millimeter-wave antenna with a double wide frequency band as a function of frequency.
  • Figures 12 and 13 are two-dimensional radiation patterns of a millimeter-wave antenna at 28 GHz.
  • Figure 14 is a data plot of the gain of a millimeter-wave antenna as a function of frequency.
  • an electronic device in order to meet various user requirements based on wireless communication technology, it is generally implemented by setting multiple antennas. For example: setting a millimeter-wave antenna in an electronic device to meet the user's 5G (5th Generation, fifth generation) mobile communication needs, which can be used in scenarios such as calls and video calls; or, setting NFC (Near Field Communication) chip to meet the needs of users for near field communication, which can be applied in scenarios such as mobile payment, bus payment, and identification.
  • 5G Fifth Generation, fifth generation
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • n257 (26.5GHz ⁇ 29.5GHz), n258 (24.25GHz ⁇ 27.5GHz), n259 (40.5GHz ⁇ 43.5GHz), n260 (37GHz ⁇ 40GHz) and n261 (27.5GHz ⁇ 28.35GHz).
  • the operating frequency band of the millimeter wave antenna is narrow and the relative bandwidth is also narrow, wherein the relative bandwidth refers to the ratio between the signal bandwidth (or frequency band) and the center frequency.
  • the relative bandwidths of general millimeter-wave antennas are narrow. That is, a single mmWave antenna does not work well in the multiple frequency bands specified by 5G technology.
  • it is generally through the cooperation of multiple millimeter-wave antennas (or millimeter-wave antenna arrays) with different resonance frequencies, so that the electronic equipment can cover multiple frequency bands specified by 5G technology.
  • three millimeter-wave antennas or millimeter-wave antenna arrays are provided in the electronic device, and the three millimeter-wave antennas (or millimeter-wave antenna arrays) can work in the frequency bands of n257, n258 and n260 respectively.
  • each millimeter-wave antenna or millimeter-wave antenna array
  • the cooperation of the three millimeter-wave antennas can also make general electronic devices as much as possible It covers multiple 5G frequency bands to meet the needs of users based on wireless communication.
  • components such as battery components, circuit board components, camera components and speaker components are also arranged in the internal space of general electronic equipment to realize functions such as power supply, camera and speaker. This leaves less space in the electronic device for installing the mmWave antenna.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna in a general electronic device may need to make trade-offs in terms of performance, etc., which to a certain extent makes the electronic device unable to support 5G wireless communication well.
  • the side-fire pattern of a millimeter-wave antenna in an electronic device may be unstable, prone to split lobes or lead to poor radiation directivity of the antenna.
  • the operating frequency band of the millimeter-wave antenna applied in electronic equipment may be narrower, which may not cover a certain frequency band specified by 5G technology.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna is a microstrip patch antenna with a low profile, and its size can be 0.4 ⁇ 0 *0.4 ⁇ 0 , where ⁇ 0 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the air at the lowest operating frequency.
  • its millimeter-wave antenna may have problems such as a large number of antennas, a large volume, a small installation space, a narrow operating frequency band, and an unstable side-fire pattern.
  • the problem is that electronic devices do not support 5G wireless communication technology well.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a schematic electronic device 10
  • the electronic device 10 may include a display module 20 , a middle frame 30 and a back cover (not shown).
  • the middle frame 30 may be located between the display module 20 and the back cover, and the three generally determine the three-dimensional outline of the electronic device 10 as a whole.
  • the shape of the electronic device 10 is substantially a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the display module 20 may be an active light-emitting display module, such as an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) display module; or, the display module 20 may be a passive light-emitting display module, such as It is an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) display module.
  • the display screen of the display module 20 may be a curved screen or a flat screen, which is not limited.
  • the back cover may be a glass back cover, a ceramic back cover, or a metal back cover, or the like.
  • the middle frame 30 may be a metal middle frame or a non-metal middle frame, for example, the middle frame 30 is an aluminum alloy middle frame, a magnesium alloy middle frame, and the like.
  • the electronic device 10 may further include a millimeter-wave antenna 100, and the millimeter-wave antenna 100 may be installed in the electronic device 10 and provided on the antenna carrier.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100 may be located between the display module 20 and the back cover, and surrounded by the middle frame 30 . It should be understood that the millimeter-wave antenna 100 may be disposed on the middle frame 30 , and it should be understood that in FIG. 1 , the position of the millimeter-wave antenna 100 on the middle frame 30 is schematic. Alternatively, the millimeter-wave antenna 100 may also be disposed on the back cover. Alternatively, the millimeter-wave antenna 100 may also be arranged on a circuit board.
  • the circuit board may be part of a circuit board assembly of the electronic device 10 .
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100 may also be disposed on the display module 20 ; for example, the display screen of the display module 20 . By disposing the millimeter-wave antenna 100 on the display module 20, the limited space of the electronic device can be effectively utilized.
  • the type of electronic device 10 may include a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a car antenna, a drone, a home appliance, a laptop, a headset or handset, a keyboard, a mouse, or a wearable device (eg, a smart watch, a smart hand, etc.).
  • An electronic device that can implement a wireless communication function, such as a ring), is not limited in this application.
  • the electronic device 10 may also be a car navigator with a wireless communication function, a head mounted display (HMD, Head Mounted Display) or a head up display (HUD, Head Up Display) or the like.
  • HMD head mounted display
  • HUD Head Up Display
  • the head-mounted display device may include an AR (Augmented Reality, augmented reality) display device, a VR (Virtual Reality, virtual reality) display device, or an MR (Mixed Reality, mixed reality) display device.
  • the electronic device 10 may also be a CPE (Customer Premise Equipment), a wireless access point device (eg, a wireless router) or a base station device.
  • the electronic device 10 may further include the above-mentioned battery components, circuit board components, camera components, and speaker components to achieve corresponding functions, which are not limited in this application.
  • the electronic device 10 may also include a non-millimeter-wave antenna, so as to correspondingly implement functions such as 2G wireless communication, 3G wireless communication, and 4G wireless communication.
  • the non-millimeter wave antenna may include at least one antenna of monopole antenna, dipole antenna, left-hand antenna, inverted-F antenna, loop antenna, Yagi antenna, patch antenna, slot antenna, or a combination of several antennas .
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100 may have characteristics such as high gain and miniaturization through structural improvement, so as to be easily installed in the electronic device 10 .
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100 can operate in an ultra-wideband; wherein, the ultra-wideband means that the relative bandwidth of the antenna is greater than 50%.
  • the antenna can be defined as an ultra-wideband antenna.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100 may operate in dual frequency bands or multiple frequency bands, which is not limited in this application.
  • millimeter-wave antenna 100 will be exemplarily described below by using millimeter-wave antennas ( 100 a , 100 b , 100 c ).
  • a millimeter-wave antenna 100 a provided by an embodiment of the present application includes a first metal plate 110 , a second metal plate 120 , and a radiation patch 130 that are arranged at intervals in sequence.
  • a medium (not shown in the figure) may be provided between the first metal plate 110, the second metal plate 120 and the radiation patch 130; however, in order to facilitate the description of the relative relationship between the structures, the medium is shown in the corresponding drawings. are not presented.
  • the medium can be LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer, liquid crystal polymer), Rogers material and the like. It should be understood that when the medium is LCP, since the loss tangent of LCP keeps a relatively small value at high frequencies, the millimeter-wave antenna 100a can have less transmission loss, so as to improve the radiated power and obtain higher antenna gain .
  • the millimeter wave antenna 100a may also not include a medium, and the first metal plate 110 , the second metal plate 120 and the radiation patch 130 may be fixed by means of a bracket or the like.
  • a plurality of metal vias are arranged around, so as to surround and form a cavity 105 between the first metal plate 110 and the second metal plate 120 , and the cavity 105 can be filled with a medium.
  • the metal via, the first metal plate 110 and the second metal plate 120 can constitute a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW, Substrate Integrated Waveguide) as a whole, based on this, the gap between the first metal plate 110 and the second metal plate 120 can be suppressed.
  • SIW substrate integrated waveguide
  • the higher-order modes can improve the efficiency of the millimeter-wave antenna 100a, and can reduce the influence of these higher-order modes on each mode of the millimeter-wave antenna 100a.
  • the SIW can also improve the anti-interference performance of the signal, so as to improve the signal transmission effect.
  • the second metal plate 120 may serve as the ground of the millimeter-wave antenna 100a, and the first metal plate 110 may be short-circuited with the second metal plate 120 through a metal via hole.
  • the corresponding metal vias may be understood as metal pillars.
  • the shape of the cavity 105 in FIG. 3 is schematic. In some embodiments, the shape of the cavity 105 may be at least one or a combination of shapes such as rectangle, triangle, circle, ellipse, and the like.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100 a may include a first feeder 142 , and the first feeder 142 is located in the cavity 105 .
  • a first slit 122 is formed on the second metal plate 120 of the cavity 105 .
  • the first feed line 142 in the cavity 105 can excite the cavity 105 and the first slot 122 so that the millimeter-wave antenna 100a operates in the first resonance mode; that is, the millimeter-wave antenna 100a has a first resonance frequency.
  • the first metal plate 110 (or the second metal plate 120) is further provided with a first port 110a, and the first port 110a can be used for the transmission line (not shown) to pass through.
  • the transmission line may be electrically connected (direct contact connection or connected through capacitive coupling) to the first feeder line 142 to feed the first feeder line 142 .
  • the transmission line may include at least one or a combination of coaxial lines, strip lines, microstrip lines, and waveguide structures.
  • the first metal plate 110 (or the second metal plate 120 ) may not have the first port 110a.
  • a first opening is formed between the metal vias, and the cavity 105 can communicate with the outside world through the first opening. Based on this, the transmission line and the first feed line 142 can be electrically connected through the first opening.
  • the first feeder 142 is exemplified as a stripline, but not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the first feed line 142 may also be a microstrip line.
  • the first feeder 142 may be a probe (or a conductive metal hole, or a conductive metal post), and the first feeder 142 excites the cavity 105 and the first slot 122, so that the millimeter-wave antenna 100a operates at the first resonance mode.
  • the first slit 122 may be disposed along the diagonal of the cavity 105 (eg, set at +45° or -45°). Based on this, the diagonal size of the cavity 105 can be fully utilized, and the first slot 122 with a longer length can be obtained under the limited cavity area, and the second metal plate 120 can have a smaller area, so as to facilitate the realization of millimeter waves Miniaturization of the antenna 100a.
  • the interior of the cavity 105 may include metal vias 107 (or metal pillars) for adjusting impedance matching. For example, in FIG.
  • the surrounding metal walls of the rectangular SIW cavity 105 are composed of metal vias, wherein Part of the metal vias 109 of the surrounding metal walls of the rectangular SIW and the matching metal vias 107 form a triangle. It should be understood that the rectangular SIW includes that each metal wall includes a portion of metal vias 109 and matching metal vias 107 .
  • the SIW cavity 105 may not be provided with part of the metal vias 109 , but includes matching metal vias 107 , and the matching metal vias 107 form an approximately rectangular metal surrounding the SIW cavity 105 while achieving impedance matching. wall, which suppresses the formation of higher-order modes, which is not limited.
  • the length direction or the width direction of the cavity 105 may be disposed along the diagonal of the second metal plate 120 .
  • the length direction or the width direction of the cavity 105 may be disposed along the diagonal of the first metal plate 110 .
  • the first slot 122 is exemplified in the shape of an arrow. It should be understood that the arrow-shaped first slot 122 may have a longer current path than the elongated slot of the same length. While satisfying the requirement of a certain resonant frequency, the second metal plate 120 carrying the first slot 122 can have a smaller size.
  • the shape of the first slit 122 may also be a rectangle, an H shape, a dumbbell shape, a butterfly shape, etc., which is not limited.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100a can have a certain working frequency band, for example, can basically cover a certain frequency band specified by the 5G technology.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100a can also work in other modes by cooperating with structures such as the radiation patch 130, thereby increasing the relative bandwidth of the millimeter-wave antenna 100a.
  • the first slot 122 in addition to cooperating with the cavity 105 to generate the first resonance mode, can also couple and feed the radiation patch 130 .
  • the radiation patch 130 exemplarily includes two patch units 131 , and the two patch units 131 are loaded through the first patch gap 132 .
  • the radiating patch 130 may generate a second resonant mode; that is, the millimeter-wave antenna 100a has a second resonant frequency.
  • the second resonance mode may be the TM 10 mode of the radiation patch 130, and the second resonance frequency may be greater than the first resonance frequency. Based on this, the working frequency band of the millimeter-wave antenna 100a can be expanded.
  • the radiation patch 130 can be coupled and fed through the first slot 122 .
  • the sheet 130 produces a third resonance mode; that is, the millimeter-wave antenna 100a has a third resonance frequency.
  • the third resonance mode may be the anti-phase TM 20 mode of the radiation patch 130 , and the third resonance frequency is greater than the second resonance frequency.
  • the working frequency band of the millimeter-wave antenna 100 a can be further expanded to improve the wireless communication effect of the millimeter-wave antenna 100 a .
  • the two radiating edges of the radiating patch 130 have the same magnetic current direction, opposite current directions, and the maximum radiation direction is perpendicular to the radiating patch 130 s surface. Based on this, the energies of the radiation patch 130 on the two radiation sides can be superimposed on each other, and have the characteristics of edge-emitting radiation.
  • the radiation patch 130 operating in the third resonance mode can reduce the possibility of split lobes; that is, the radiation pattern of the radiation patch 130 operating in the anti-phase TM 20 mode is relatively symmetrical , so as to overcome the path loss to a certain extent, and can improve the radiation gain of the millimeter-wave antenna 100a.
  • the first slot 122 is parallel to the first patch slot 132 to achieve better coupling and feeding of the radiating patch.
  • the radiation patch 130 may be connected to the second metal plate 120 through metal vias, wherein the metal vias are located at the edges of the first slits 122 respectively. both sides in the width direction.
  • the shape of the radiation patch 130 is a rectangle, but not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the shape of the radiation patch 130 may also be a symmetrical shape such as a circle, an annular shape, a fan shape, and a diamond shape.
  • the shape of the patch unit 131 is a rectangle, and the shape of the radiation patch 130 is a rectangle or a square.
  • the shape of the patch unit 131 is a fan shape, and the shape of the radiation patch 130 is a fan shape or a circle.
  • the shape of the patch unit 131 is a triangle, and the shape of the radiation patch 130 is a square.
  • the surface of the first metal plate 110 facing the second metal plate 120 is used as the reference surface
  • the first feed line 142 is a strip line or a microstrip line
  • the projection of the first feed line 142 on the reference surface is perpendicular to the first feed line 142 .
  • the projection of the first feed line 142 on the reference surface may also be perpendicular to the projection of the first patch slot 132 on the reference surface.
  • the projection of the first feeder 142 on the reference plane is perpendicular to the part of the corresponding slot of the solid structure.
  • the first slot 122 is carried on the second metal plate 120
  • the projection of the first feed line 142 on the reference plane may be perpendicular to the part of the second metal plate 120 where the first slot 122 is formed.
  • the first patch slot 132 is formed by the patch units 131 arranged at intervals, and the projection of the first feed line 142 on the reference plane may be perpendicular to the edge of the patch unit 131 corresponding to the first patch slot 132 .
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100 a can selectively operate at the first operating frequency according to the required operating frequency. resonant mode, second resonant mode or third resonant mode.
  • the electronic device 10 applying the millimeter-wave antenna 100a can make the millimeter-wave antenna 100a work in a corresponding mode according to actual communication requirements, so as to be suitable for different wireless communication scenarios.
  • the operating frequency bands of the first resonant mode, the second resonant mode, and the third resonant mode may be discontinuous; that is, the millimeter-wave antenna 100a may operate in relatively independent multiple frequency bands.
  • the working frequency band of the first resonance mode may be 23.5GHz-27GHz
  • the working frequency band of the second resonance mode may be 29GHz-36GHz
  • the working frequency band of the third resonance mode may be 38GHz-41.5GHz.
  • the first resonance mode, the second resonance mode and the third resonance mode may be combined; that is, the operating frequency bands of the three modes are generally continuous frequency bands, and the relative bandwidth of the millimeter wave antenna 100a is wider. Based on this, the millimeter-wave antenna 100a can operate in a wide frequency band.
  • the working frequency band of the first resonance mode may be 23.5GHz-28GHz
  • the working frequency band of the second resonance mode may be 28GHz-37GHz
  • the working frequency band of the third resonance mode may be 37GHz-41.5GHz.
  • the operating frequency bands of the first resonance mode, the second resonance mode and the third resonance mode are continuous frequency bands as a whole; correspondingly, the overall frequency band that the millimeter wave antenna 100a can cover is 23.5GHz-41.5GHz.
  • the operating frequency bands of the first resonant mode and the second resonant mode may be continuous, but the operating frequency band of the third resonant mode is not continuous with the operating frequency band of the second resonant mode;
  • the working frequency band is continuous, but the working frequency band of the first resonance mode is not continuous with the working frequency band of the second resonance mode.
  • the first metal plate 110 , the second metal plate 120 and the radiation patch 130 are all layer structures with smaller thicknesses, and other structures such as the first feed line 142 are located between the layer structures. That is, the volume of the millimeter-wave antenna 100a is mainly determined by the size and relative relationship of the first metal plate 110, the second metal plate 120, and the radiation patch 130. Therefore, the millimeter-wave antenna 100a provided by each embodiment of the present application may have a relatively large size. Small size.
  • the volume of the millimeter-wave antenna 100a may be 0.24 ⁇ 0 *0.24 ⁇ 0 *0.07 ⁇ 0 . Among them, ⁇ 0 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the air at the lowest operating frequency.
  • the ⁇ 0 may include 6 mm ⁇ 13 mm.
  • ⁇ 0 is 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm or 12mm, etc.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100a may have more Small volumes (eg 0.24 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ 0 ). Based on this, the millimeter-wave antenna 100 a can be miniaturized, so as to reduce the volume occupied in the electronic device 10 and facilitate installation in the electronic device 10 .
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides another millimeter-wave antenna 100b.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100b may further include a parasitic metal pillar 150 located between the second metal plate 120 and the radiation patch 130 . It should be understood that, based on the coupled feeding of the first slot 122, the parasitic metal pillar 150 can cooperate with the radiation patch 130 to generate a fourth resonance mode, so that the millimeter-wave antenna 100b has a fourth resonance frequency. Wherein, the fourth resonance frequency may be greater than the third resonance frequency. Based on this, the millimeter-wave antenna 100b can have four modes to more comprehensively cover the frequency band specified by the 5G technology.
  • the number of the parasitic metal pillars 150 is multiple, and the multiple parasitic metal pillars 150 are disposed on the second metal plate 120 at intervals and are located around the radiation patch 130 .
  • each parasitic metal pillar 150 may include a pillar 152 and a pad 154 to facilitate processing. It should be understood that, on the premise that the fourth resonance mode is generated and has a corresponding fourth resonance frequency, the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific structure and parameters of the parasitic metal pillar 150 .
  • the parameter may be, for example, the diameter and height of the pillar 152, the height of the pad 154, and the like.
  • the height H1 of the parasitic metal pillar 150 may be less than or equal to the shortest distance H2 between the second metal plate 120 and the radiation patch 130 . Therefore, the parasitic metal pillar 150 does not affect the overall height of the millimeter-wave antenna 100 b ; that is, the height of the millimeter-wave antenna 100 b is mainly determined by the distance between the first metal plate 110 and the radiation patch 130 . Compared with the millimeter-wave antenna 100a provided in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the millimeter-wave antenna 100b does not increase its volume while increasing the fourth resonance mode, so as to realize the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the surface of the first metal plate 110 is used as a reference surface, and the projection of the parasitic metal column 150 on the reference surface may be located within the projection of the radiation patch 130 on the reference surface.
  • the projection of the parasitic metal pillar 150 on the reference surface partially overlaps the projection of the radiation patch 130 on the reference surface.
  • the projection of the parasitic metal pillar 150 on the reference plane is separated from the projection of the radiation patch 130 on the reference plane; that is, there is no overlap between the two projections.
  • the number of the parasitic metal pillars 150 is exemplarily four, and the four parasitic metal pillars 150 are spaced apart and surround the radiation patch 130 .
  • the shape of the radiation patch 130 is, for example, a rectangle, and has four corners.
  • Four parasitic metal pillars 150 may be disposed corresponding to four corners of the radiation patch 130 . Taking the surface of the first metal plate 110 as a reference surface, the projection of the corner of the radiation patch 130 on the reference surface is located within the projection of the parasitic metal column 150 on the reference surface.
  • the resonant frequency of the first resonance mode generated by the cavity 105 and the first slot 122 The type and size of a slot 122 etc. can be adjusted.
  • the resonance frequency of the second resonance mode can be adjusted according to the shape and size of the radiation patch 130
  • the resonance frequency of the third resonance mode can be adjusted according to The shape and size of the radiation patch 130, the size of the first slot 122, and the like can be adjusted.
  • the resonance frequency of the fourth resonance mode generated by the parasitic metal pillar 150 and the radiation patch 130 can be adjusted according to the height and position of the parasitic metal pillar 150 .
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100b is an ultra-wideband antenna, which can basically continuously cover the frequency band of n257 to n261.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100b provided in each embodiment may operate in dual-band or multi-band; that is, the millimeter-wave antenna 100b may be a dual-band antenna or a multi-band antenna.
  • the first resonance mode and the second resonance mode may be combined, and the third resonance mode and the fourth resonance mode may also be combined, so that the millimeter-wave antenna 100b operates in dual frequency bands.
  • the millimeter-wave antennas (100a, 100b) provided by various embodiments of the present application may be single-polarized antennas, but not limited thereto. Please refer to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 simultaneously.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a millimeter-wave antenna 100c that can realize dual polarization. Compared with the millimeter-wave antenna 100b provided in FIGS. 4 to 6, the millimeter-wave antenna 100c A second feeder line 144 (eg, a probe, a microstrip line, a stripline, etc.) may also be included.
  • a second feeder line 144 eg, a probe, a microstrip line, a stripline, etc.
  • the second feeder and the first feeder are microstrip or stripline
  • the second feeder The feeder line and the first feeder line may cross (eg, be perpendicular), for example, the second feeder line 144 may be perpendicular to the first feeder line 142 .
  • the first metal plate 110 is further provided with a second port 110b , and the second port 110b can also be used for passing through the transmission line, so as to correspondingly feed the second feeder line 144 .
  • both the first feeder 142 and the second feeder 144 can excite the above-mentioned four modes; wherein, the first feeder 142 can be used to realize +45° of the millimeter-wave antenna 100c polarization, the second feed line 144 may be used to achieve -45° polarization of the millimeter-wave antenna 100c.
  • the first metal plate 110 may not have the second port 110b.
  • a second opening is formed between the metal vias, and the cavity 105 can communicate with the outside through the second opening. Based on this, the transmission line and the second feed line 144 can be electrically connected through the second opening.
  • the first feeder 142 and the second feeder 144 intersect (eg, perpendicular).
  • the first feeder line 142 or the second feeder line 144 may be designed for avoidance by means of jumper wires or mutual spacing.
  • the second feeder 144 can avoid contact with the first feeder 142 by means of jumpers, so as to ensure the normal operation of the first feeder 142 and the second feeder 144 .
  • a second slot 124 is further formed on the second metal plate 120 .
  • the second slit 124 is perpendicular to the first slit 122 . Based on this, the first slot 122 and the second slot 124 can act as a cross slot antenna as a whole to realize dual polarization.
  • the radiation patch 130 includes a plurality of patch units 131 .
  • the plurality of patch units 131 are arranged at intervals, and the plurality of patch units 131 are loaded through the first patch slot 132 and the second patch slot 134 . It should be understood that, based on the coupled feeding of the first slot 122 and the second slot 124, the radiation patch 130 can also realize dual polarization.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100 c may further include a parasitic patch 160 .
  • the number of the parasitic patches 160 is multiple, and the multiple parasitic patches 160 are located around the radiation patch 130 to widen the frequency band of the millimeter-wave antenna 100c and increase the diameter of the antenna.
  • the number of patch units 131 is four, and generally takes the shape of a "field".
  • the number of the parasitic patches 160 is eight, and the eight parasitic patches 160 are regularly arranged around the four patch units 131 .
  • the millimeter-wave antenna 100 c may further include a matching metal post 170 , and the matching metal post 170 is disposed on the second metal plate 120 and is away from the first metal plate 110 .
  • the matching metal post 170 may be disposed near the edge of the second metal plate 120 and electrically connected to the second metal plate 120 ; for example, the matching metal post 170 may surround the edge of the second metal plate 120 .
  • the matching metal column 170 can increase the current path of the two metal plates (110, 120), which is equivalent to increasing the size of the two metal plates (110, 120). That is, the matching metal post 170 can be used to tune the impedance of the millimeter-wave antenna 100c to achieve impedance matching; correspondingly, the size of the two metal plates (110, 120) can be reduced to realize the miniaturization of the millimeter-wave antenna 100c.
  • the number of the matching metal pillars 170 is four, and the four matching metal pillars 170 may be disposed corresponding to the ends of the first slit 122 and the second slit 124 .
  • the matching metal pillars 170 may be correspondingly disposed at both ends of the first slit 122
  • the other two matching metal pillars 170 may be correspondingly disposed at both ends of the second slit 124 .
  • the corresponding arrangement can be understood as the matching metal post 170 is located in the direction of the extension line of the slits (122, 124).
  • the millimeter-wave antennas may have at least one of a plane of symmetry and an axis of rotational symmetry.
  • the rotational symmetry axis is located in the symmetry plane.
  • the multiple symmetry planes jointly intersect the rotational symmetry axis.
  • the processing of the millimeter-wave antennas (100a, 100b, 100c) can be facilitated, and the volume of the millimeter-wave antennas (100a, 100b, 100c) can be reduced.
  • the size of the first metal plate 110 and the second metal plate 120 can be reduced, so as to realize the miniaturization of the millimeter-wave antenna (100a, 100b, 100c).
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array, wherein the antenna unit of the antenna array is the millimeter wave antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the number of antenna elements forming the antenna array is not limited. That is, the number of the antenna units may be one, two or more.
  • the present application also provides an apparatus, which includes: a radio frequency module, and the millimeter wave antenna provided in each embodiment.
  • the radio frequency module may include at least one of a filter, a switch, a low noise amplifier, and a power amplifier.
  • the present application also provides an antenna module, wherein the antenna module can be a module based on AiP (AiP, Antenna-in-Package) scheme, AoP (Antenna-on-Package), AiM ( Antenna in Module) solution module, or module based on AoC (Antenna-on-Chip) solution.
  • the antenna module based on the AiP solution includes a package, a chip, and the millimeter-wave antenna (100a, 100b, 100c) in the above embodiments.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna (100a, 100b, 100c) is electrically connected to the chip, and is packaged through a package.
  • the package may be a plastic sealing material.
  • the chip can also be replaced with a radio frequency circuit, which is not limited.
  • FIG. 10 is a data graph of the reflection coefficient of an ultra-wideband millimeter-wave antenna as a function of frequency.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna may combine four modes, so that the millimeter-wave antenna has a continuous operating frequency band.
  • the frequency band where the reflection coefficient of the millimeter wave antenna is less than -10 dB is 23.5 GHz to 44.2 GHz, and the corresponding relative bandwidth is 61.1%. It should be understood that the frequency band where the reflection coefficient is less than -10 dB is the working frequency band of the millimeter-wave antenna.
  • Fig. 11 is a data graph of the reflection coefficient of a millimeter-wave antenna with a double wide frequency band as a function of frequency.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna may combine the first resonant mode and the second resonant mode, and the third resonant mode and the fourth resonant mode, so that the millimeter-wave antenna has two operating modes frequency band.
  • Figures 12 and 13 are two-dimensional radiation patterns of a millimeter-wave antenna at 28 GHz. Please refer to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 synchronously.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna provided by each embodiment may have a relatively symmetrical radiation pattern, so as to overcome the path loss to a certain extent and improve the radiation gain of the millimeter-wave antenna.
  • Figure 14 is a data plot of the gain of a millimeter-wave antenna as a function of frequency. Please refer to FIG. 12 , FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 synchronously.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna can have relatively stable gain in the working frequency band .
  • the gain of the millimeter-wave antenna is greater than 4.6 dBi.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une antenne à ondes millimétriques, un appareil et un dispositif électronique. L'antenne à ondes millimétriques comprend une première plaque métallique, une seconde plaque métallique et une plaque de rayonnement qui sont empilées ; la première plaque métallique et la seconde plaque métallique forment une cavité, une première ligne d'alimentation est disposée dans la cavité pour alimenter la cavité en énergie ; la seconde plaque métallique a un premier espace ; la plaque de rayonnement comprend au moins deux unités de plaque, et un premier espace de plaque est formé entre les au moins deux unités de plaque ; et le premier espace fournit de l'énergie à la plaque de rayonnement.
PCT/CN2022/077857 2021-02-26 2022-02-25 Antenne à ondes millimétriques, appareil et dispositif électronique WO2022179596A1 (fr)

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CN117832834A (zh) * 2022-09-29 2024-04-05 华为技术有限公司 天线结构及电子设备

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