WO2022017220A1 - Dispositif électronique - Google Patents

Dispositif électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022017220A1
WO2022017220A1 PCT/CN2021/105933 CN2021105933W WO2022017220A1 WO 2022017220 A1 WO2022017220 A1 WO 2022017220A1 CN 2021105933 W CN2021105933 W CN 2021105933W WO 2022017220 A1 WO2022017220 A1 WO 2022017220A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feeding
branch
electronic device
wavelengths
slot
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PCT/CN2021/105933
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郭景丽
冯安迪
张翔
李肖峰
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2022017220A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022017220A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to an electronic device.
  • Wireless fidelity (WiFi) communication technology is a wireless networking technology, which can be simply understood as wireless Internet access. It is developed based on the IEEE 802.11 series of standards.
  • the most common applications of WiFi technology in life are wireless routers and customer premise equipment (customer premise equipment, CPE) and other equipment, as well as electronic devices connected to the Internet through the WiFi technology of wireless routers and CPE, such as speakers, etc. .
  • the speaker device is within the signal range of the wireless router and CPE, it can use WiFi to surf the Internet.
  • WiFi technology can make wireless electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, etc., connect to each other in a wireless manner, which is suitable for short-distance transmission.
  • the most commonly used WiFi access standards are IEEE802.11n (4th generation) and 802.11ac (5th generation), which work in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequency bands.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which may include an antenna structure with a compact structure and a simple feeding method.
  • the antenna structure can realize a dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna through two oppositely arranged slots on a metal casing. It can meet the working requirements of dual frequency bands.
  • an electronic device comprising: a metal casing, a first feeding branch, a second feeding branch, a first feeding unit and a second feeding unit; wherein, the metal casing is formed by an upper The surface, the lower surface and the side are surrounded, the upper surface is provided with a first notch, the lower surface is provided with a second notch, and the side is provided with an opening, wherein the opening, the first notch and the first notch are provided.
  • the two gaps are connected to form a second slot;
  • the side surface is provided with a first slot, and the extending direction of at least a part of the first slot is perpendicular to the extending direction of at least a part of the second slot;
  • the first feeding branch is connected to the The first feeding unit is electrically connected, the first feeding branch is located inside the metal shell, and is indirectly coupled to feed the first slot;
  • the second feeding branch is electrically connected to the second feeding unit connected, the second feeding branch is located inside the metal shell, and is indirectly coupled and feeding for the second slot.
  • the first slit is formed by connecting three slits located on different planes, and the second slit consists of two oppositely arranged gaps and an opening with the metal shell, therefore, the oppositely arranged gaps are formed by
  • the size of the second slot is greatly expanded, and the cuboid structure of the metal shell is fully utilized, which not only ensures the length of the radiation slot, but also reduces the height of the antenna structure.
  • the metal shell is a cubic structure, and the side surfaces include a first surface, a second surface and a third surface; the second surface is connected to the first surface. Three sides are arranged opposite to each other, the second side and the third side are connected through the first side; the first slit is arranged on the first side, the second side and the third side; The opening is disposed opposite to the first surface.
  • the first slot and the first feeding branch form a first antenna unit; the second slot and the second feeding branch form a first antenna unit Two antenna units; the polarization direction of the first antenna unit is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the second antenna.
  • the two antenna units when the first slot is a horizontal slot and the second slot is a vertical slot, the vertical polarization omnidirectional radiation is realized through the first slot, and the horizontal polarization omnidirectional radiation is realized through the second slot, so , the two antenna units have good isolation in the same metal casing.
  • the first feeding branch is a broken line structure.
  • the first feeding branch is a U-shaped structure.
  • the physical size of the space occupied by the first feeding branch can be effectively reduced, which is beneficial to realize the miniaturization of the antenna structure.
  • the second feeding branch includes a plurality of metal segments, and an angle formed between any two adjacent metal segments in the plurality of metal segments makes the The second feeding branch has a stepped structure.
  • the physical size of the space occupied by the second feeding branch can be effectively reduced, which is beneficial to realize the miniaturization of the antenna structure.
  • the distance between the second feeding branch and the upper surface is the same as the distance between the second feeding branch and the lower surface .
  • the second feeding branch can be positioned at the center of the opening for feeding, or can be deviated from the center of the opening, and can be adjusted according to actual design or production requirements.
  • the first notch and the second notch are trapezoidal; the lower bottom of the first notch is connected to the opening, and the second notch is The lower bottom is connected with the opening.
  • the resonance frequency and bandwidth of the horizontally polarized low-frequency band can be optimized, and by adjusting the width of the second slot, the antenna structure can be optimized in the horizontally-polarized high-frequency band The omnidirectionality of the resonance point.
  • the length of the upper base of the first notch is between 0.01 and 0.12 first wavelengths, and the length of the lower base is between 0.04 and 0.12 first wavelengths.
  • the height is between 0.04 to 0.12 first wavelengths;
  • the upper bottom length of the second gap is between 0.01 to 0.12 first wavelengths, and the lower bottom length is between 0.04 to 0.12 first wavelengths , the height is between 0.04 and 0.12 first wavelengths; wherein, the first wavelength is when the first feeding unit or the second feeding unit works, the first slot or the second The wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the operating frequency band generated by the slot.
  • the electronic device further includes: a first parasitic branch and a second parasitic branch; the first parasitic branch is located between the second feeding branch and the between the upper surfaces; the second parasitic branch is located between the second feeding branch and the lower surface; the first parasitic branch and the second parasitic branch have the same size.
  • the second antenna unit can obtain a wider bandwidth. Moreover, their size only affects the impedance characteristic of the second antenna unit, and hardly affects the radiation characteristic of the second antenna unit, which ensures good omnidirectional radiation characteristic in dual frequency bands.
  • the first parasitic branch and the second parasitic branch are symmetrical along a length direction of the second feeding branch.
  • the size of the second feeding branch, or the distance between the first parasitic branch and the second feeding branch and the distance between the second parasitic branch and the second feeding branch can be adjusted, and the matching of the second antenna unit in the horizontally polarized high frequency band can be optimized.
  • the distance between the first parasitic branch and the second feeding branch is between 0.006 and 0.08 first wavelengths; the second The distance between the parasitic branch and the second feeding branch is between 0.006 and 0.08 first wavelengths; wherein, the first wavelength is the operation of the first feeding unit or the second feeding unit , the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the operating frequency band generated by the first slot or the second slot.
  • the metal casing has a length between 0.1 and 0.5 first wavelengths, a width between 0.04 and 0.2 first wavelengths, and a height between 0.1 and 0.2 first wavelengths. between 0.1 and 0.5 first wavelengths; wherein, the first wavelength is generated by the first slot or the second slot when the first feeding unit or the second feeding unit is working The wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the operating frequency band.
  • the polarization modes of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are vertical polarization and horizontal polarization, respectively. Therefore, the two antenna units have good isolation in the same metal casing. At the same time, since the first slot and the second slot are three-dimensionally arranged and located on three different planes, the size of the antenna structure is greatly reduced, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna structure.
  • the first slit has a length between 0.168 and 0.504 first wavelengths and a width between 0.004 and 0.012 first wavelengths.
  • the first feeding branch has a length between 0.05 and 0.35 first wavelengths and a width between 0.02 and 0.08 first wavelengths.
  • the expanded length of the second feeding branch 130 is between 0.04 and 0.34 first wavelengths, and the width of the second feeding branch is between Between 0.01 and 0.08 first wavelengths.
  • the operating frequency bands of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit cover the 2.4 GHz frequency band and the 5 GHz frequency band of Wi-Fi WiFi.
  • the first working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the third working frequency band of the second antenna unit may cover the 2.4GHz (2.4GHz-2.4835GHz) frequency band of WiFi, and the second working frequency band of the first antenna unit
  • the working frequency band and the fourth working frequency band of the second antenna unit may cover the 5GHz (5.15GHz-5.825GHz) frequency band of WiFi.
  • the metal casing is a part of a housing of an electronic device.
  • the electronic device is a sound box, or a wireless router, or a customer premises equipment CPE.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a metal casing provided in an embodiment of the present application from different viewing angles.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal casing provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan development view of the metal casing along the first surface, the second surface and the third surface.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the first feeding branch.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the second feeding branch.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an S-parameter simulation result of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 10 is a corresponding directional diagram when the first feeding unit of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 is in operation.
  • FIG. 11 is a corresponding directional diagram when the second feeding unit of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 is in operation.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the S-parameter simulation result of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 12 .
  • FIG. 14 is a directional diagram corresponding to the operation of the first feeding unit of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 12 .
  • FIG. 15 is a corresponding directional diagram when the second feeding unit of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 12 is working.
  • connection can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB) copper foil or wire between different components in the circuit structure It is a form of connection in the form of physical lines that can transmit electrical signals.
  • a “communication connection” may refer to the transmission of electrical signals, including wireless communication connections and wired communication connections. The wireless communication connection does not require a physical medium, and does not belong to the connection relationship that defines the product structure.
  • connection and “connection” can refer to a mechanical connection relationship or physical connection relationship, that is, the connection between A and B or the connection between A and B can refer to the existence of fastened components (such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.) between A and B. etc.), or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to be separated.
  • Bluetooth blue, BT
  • global positioning system global positioning system
  • wireless fidelity wireless fidelity, WiFi
  • GSM global system for mobile communications
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • LTE long term evolution
  • 5G communication technology 5G communication technology and other communication technologies in the future.
  • the electronic devices in the embodiments of the present application may be mobile phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, smart bracelets, smart watches, smart helmets, smart glasses, and the like.
  • the electronic device may also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), with wireless communication Functional handheld devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, in-vehicle devices, electronic devices in 5G networks or electronic devices in the future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), etc.
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the application examples are not limited to this.
  • FIG. 1 exemplarily shows the internal environment of the electronic device provided by the present application, and the electronic device is used as a sound box for description.
  • the electronic device 10 may include: a housing 11 and a speaker 12 .
  • the speaker 12 is an electro-acoustic transducer, and all signal processing parts are ultimately prepared for driving the sound box.
  • the power-amplified audio signal moves the paper cone or diaphragm through electromagnetic, piezoelectric or electrostatic effects to drive the surrounding air to make sound.
  • the electronic device may further include a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB) for processing electrical signals.
  • the printed circuit board PCB can use flame retardant material (FR-4) dielectric board, also can use Rogers (Rogers) dielectric board, can also use Rogers and FR-4 mixed dielectric board, and so on.
  • FR-4 is the code name for a grade of flame-resistant materials
  • Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board.
  • a metal layer may be provided on one side of the PCB housing 11 of the printed circuit board, and the metal layer may be formed by etching metal on the surface of the PCB 17 . This metal layer can be used to ground electronic components carried on a printed circuit board (PCB) to prevent electric shock to users or damage to equipment.
  • This metal layer can be referred to as the PCB floor.
  • the electronic device 10 may also have other floors for grounding, such as a metal midframe or other metal planes in the electronic device.
  • a plurality of electronic components are provided on the PCB, and the plurality of electronic components include one or more of a processor, a power management module, a memory, a sensor, a SIM card interface, etc., and the interior or surface of these electronic components will also be provided with metal .
  • the electronic device 10 may also include a battery, which is not shown here.
  • the battery can be arranged in the casing 11 .
  • the interior or surface of the battery may also be provided with a metal layer.
  • the casing 11 may be made of a metal material or a non-conductive material, such as a glass casing, a plastic casing and other non-metal casings.
  • FIG. 1 only schematically shows some components included in the electronic device 10 , and the actual shapes, actual sizes and actual structures of these components are not limited by FIG. 1 .
  • the electronic device 10 may also include devices such as a display screen, a sensor, and the like.
  • the antenna structures are divided into two categories: directional antennas and omnidirectional antennas.
  • a directional antenna radiates in a specific direction, while an omnidirectional antenna generally refers to an antenna whose far-field pattern on the horizontal plane is approximately circular. Because the omnidirectional antenna has the advantage of 360° full coverage on the azimuth plane, it is widely used in many wireless communication systems such as wireless local area networks, base stations and portable devices.
  • dual-polarized antennas can improve the channel capacity of the system while overcoming the multipath fading effect.
  • dual-polarized antennas with omnidirectional radiation patterns, a lot of research has been done.
  • the common dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna is realized by combining two antennas with horizontal polarization omnidirectional characteristic and vertical polarization omnidirectional characteristic respectively. How to use a combination method will not deteriorate the performance of a single antenna, and make the overall volume as compact as possible, which is the difficulty of dual-polarized antenna design. Therefore, dual-polarized antennas are widely used in the fields of space and wireless communication, and have the advantages of small size, effectively improving spectral efficiency, and increasing channel capacity.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which may include an antenna structure with a compact structure and a simple feeding method, and the antenna structure can realize a dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna through two oppositely arranged slots on a metal casing. It can meet the working requirements of dual frequency bands.
  • FIG. 2 to 8 are schematic structural diagrams of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna structure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a metal shell from different viewing angles.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the antenna structure, wherein (a) in FIG. 4 is a front view of the antenna structure, (b) in FIG. 4 is a side view of the antenna structure, and (c) in FIG. 4 is the antenna structure Top view.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the metal casing provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan development view of the metal casing along the first surface, the second surface and the third surface.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the first feeding branch.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the second feeding branch.
  • the antenna structure may include a metal casing 100 , a first feeding branch 120 , and a second feeding branch 130 .
  • the metal casing 100 may be surrounded by a side surface 110 , an upper surface 114 and a lower surface 115 .
  • the side 100 of the metal casing 100 is provided with an opening 213
  • the side 110 is further provided with a first slit 201 .
  • the opening 213 is connected with the first notch 211 and the second notch 212 to form the second slit 202 .
  • the first feeding branch 120 and the second feeding branch 130 may be located inside the metal housing 100 .
  • the extending direction of at least a part of the first slits 201 is perpendicular to the extending direction of at least a part of the second slits 202 .
  • the antenna structure may further include a first feeding unit 140 and a second feeding unit 150 .
  • the first feeding unit 140 may be electrically connected to the first feeding branch 120 to indirectly couple and feed the first slot 201 .
  • the second feeding unit 150 may be electrically connected to the second feeding branch 130 to indirectly couple and feed the second slot 202 .
  • the antenna structures provided in the embodiments of the present application are all metal, and no dielectric layer is required. Therefore, there is no dielectric loss and high efficiency.
  • the metal shell 100 may be a cubic structure, and the side surfaces of the metal shell 100 may include a first surface 111 , a second surface 112 and a third surface 113 .
  • the second surface 112 is disposed opposite to the third surface 113 , and the second surface 112 and the third surface 113 are connected by the first surface 111 .
  • the first surface 111 , the second surface 112 and the third surface 113 are provided with first slits 201 , and the first slits 201 penetrate through the first surface 111 .
  • the extension direction of at least a part of the first slit 201 may be considered as the length direction of the first slit 201 on the first surface 111, or the length direction of the first slit 201 on the second surface 112, or the first slit The length direction of 201 on the third surface 113 .
  • the extending direction of at least a part of the second slit 202 may be considered as the length direction of the opening 213 , or the length direction of the first notch 211 on the upper surface, or the length direction of the second notch 212 on the lower surface.
  • first slit 201 and the second slit 202 are smooth slits as an example for description, and other forms of slits may also be used in actual production or design, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the first feeding branch 120 is provided with a first feeding point 121
  • the first feeding unit 140 is electrically connected to the first feeding branch 120 at the first feeding point 121
  • the first feeding The branch 120 is located in the metal casing 100 to indirectly couple and feed the first slot 201 .
  • the second feeding branch 130 is provided with a second feeding point 131
  • the second feeding unit 150 is electrically connected to the second feeding branch 130 at the second feeding point 131
  • the second feeding branch 130 is located in the metal shell
  • the second slot 202 is indirectly coupled and fed within 100 .
  • the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a first antenna unit composed of a first slot 201 and a first feeding branch 120 , and a second antenna unit formed by a second slot 202 and a second feeding branch 130 .
  • the first slit 201 is a horizontal slit
  • the second slit 202 is a vertical slit.
  • the vertically polarized radiation and the horizontally polarized radiation are generated by the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit, respectively. Therefore, the two antenna units have good isolation in the same metal casing.
  • the first slot 201 and the second slot 202 are both three-dimensionally arranged and located on three different planes, the size of the antenna structure is greatly reduced, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna structure.
  • the first slit 201 is a horizontal slit and the second slit 202 is a vertical slit as an example for description.
  • the first slit 201 may not be a horizontal slit, and the second slit 202 may not be a vertical slit.
  • the first polarization direction of one antenna element is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the second antenna element, and the two antenna elements have good isolation in the same metal casing.
  • the extension direction of at least a part of the first slit 201 is perpendicular to the extension direction of at least a part of the second slit 202, it can be understood that the extension direction of at least a part of the first slit 201 and the extension direction of at least a part of the second slit 202 are 80° to 100° Horn.
  • indirect coupling is a concept relative to direct coupling, that is, air-space coupling, and there is no direct electrical connection between the two.
  • direct coupling is a direct electrical connection, feeding directly at the feed point.
  • the working bandwidth of the antenna structure can be effectively expanded through indirect coupling and feeding.
  • the second feeding branch 130 is located at the center of the opening 213, and the center position of the opening 213 can be understood as the center position in the height direction of the metal casing 100, or it is 15% offset from the center position in the upper and lower height directions. shift.
  • the center position can be understood as the distance between the second feeding branch 130 and the upper surface 114 is the same as the distance between the second feeding branch 130 and the lower surface 115 .
  • the distance between the second feeding branch 130 and the upper surface 114 can be considered as the minimum value of the straight-line distance between any point on the second feeding branch 130 and any point on the upper surface 114, and the second feeding branch 130 and the lower surface
  • the distance between 115 can also be understood accordingly.
  • first feeding branch 120 and the second feeding branch 130 may be fixed in the metal casing 100 by means of a dielectric column, a bracket, etc., or may be fixed by other means, which are not made in this embodiment of the present application. limit.
  • each surface enclosing the metal casing 100 may be a curved surface, not necessarily a flat surface, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the metal shell 100 may be cylindrical, and the side surface 110 thereof may be a continuous curved surface, as shown in (a) of FIG. 5 .
  • the side surface 110 may also be a spherical surface, as shown in (b) of FIG. 5 , which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application, and can be adjusted according to the shape of the product.
  • the antenna structure may further include a first connector 210 and a second connector 220 .
  • One end of the first connector 210 may be electrically connected to the first feeding unit 140 , and the other end may be electrically connected to the first feeding branch 120 at the first feeding point 121 .
  • One end of the second connector 220 may be electrically connected to the second feeding unit 150 , and the other end may be electrically connected to the second feeding branch 130 at the second feeding point 131 .
  • the first connector 210 and the second connector 220 may be coaxial cables.
  • the metal shell 100 may be provided with small holes corresponding to the first connector 210 and the second connector 220, so that the inner cores of the first connector 210 and the second connector 220 can pass through the metal shell 100 and respectively connect with the first connector 210 and the second connector 220.
  • a feeding branch 120 is connected with the second feeding branch 130 , so that the outer skins of the first connecting member 210 and the second connecting member 220 are connected with the metal casing 100 . It should be understood that the manner in which the electrical connection between the feeding branch and the feeding unit is realized through the coaxial line is simple in structure, which is beneficial to the realization of the antenna structure.
  • the metal casing 100 can be used as a casing of the electronic device
  • the electronic components of the electronic device can be placed in the metal casing 100 , that is, the PCB and the feeding unit can be placed in the metal casing 100 .
  • the feeding unit can be electrically connected to the feeding branch through the first connecting member 210 and the second connecting member 220, and corresponding small holes are not required.
  • the length L1 of the metal casing 100 may be between 0.1 and 0.5 first wavelengths
  • the width L2 may be between 0.04 and 0.2 first wavelengths
  • the height L3 may be between 0.04 and 0.2 first wavelengths.
  • the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the operating frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by the first slot 201 or the second slot 202 when the first feeding unit 140 or the second feeding unit 150 feeds power, that is, the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the working frequency band of the antenna structure.
  • the embodiment of the present application is described by taking an example that the length L1 of the metal casing 100 is 0.24 first wavelengths, the width L2 is 0.08 first wavelengths, and the height L3 is 0.24 first wavelengths. It should be understood that the numerical values provided in the embodiments of the present application are only used as examples, and in actual production design, corresponding adjustments may be made according to different required frequency bands.
  • first notch 211 and the second notch 212 may be trapezoidal or trapezoidal-like, that is, the widths of the first notch 211 and the second notch 212 are in the direction of the length L1 of the metal casing 100 , toward the direction of the opening 213 gradually increase and communicate with both ends of the opening 213 respectively, so that the first gap 211 , the second gap 212 and the opening 213 together form the second gap 202 .
  • the first notch 211 and the second notch 212 are trapezoidal, the opening 213 is a quadrilateral, the lower base of the trapezoid of the first notch 211 is connected to the first side of the quadrilateral of the opening 213, and the trapezoid of the second notch 212 is The lower bottom side is connected with the second side of the quadrilateral of the opening 213 , and the first side and the second side of the quadrilateral are opposite to each other.
  • the upper base length M1 of the first gap 211 is between 0.01 and 0.12 first wavelengths
  • the lower base length M2 is between 0.04 and 0.12 first wavelengths.
  • the high M3 is between 0.04 and 0.12 first wavelengths.
  • the size of the second notch 212 can be the same as that of the first notch
  • the upper bottom length of the second notch 212 is between 0.01 and 0.12 first wavelengths
  • the lower bottom length is between 0.04 and 0.12 first wavelengths.
  • the height is between 0.04 and 0.12 first wavelengths.
  • the first notch 211 and the second notch 212 can be of the same size as an example for description, and the length of the upper base can be 0.027 first wavelengths, and the length of the lower base can be 0.08 first wavelengths. , the height can be 0.16 first wavelengths. It should be understood that the numerical values provided in the embodiments of the present application are only used as examples, and in actual production design, corresponding adjustments may be made according to different required frequency bands.
  • the first slit 201 is formed by connecting three slits provided on the first surface 111 , the second surface 112 and the third surface 113 .
  • the length N1 of the first slot 201 may be understood as the sum of the lengths of the three slots, which may be between 0.168 and 0.504 first wavelengths.
  • the width N2 of the first slit 201 may be between 0.004 and 0.012 first wavelengths.
  • the embodiments of the present application are described with the length N1 of the first slot 201 being 0.336 first wavelengths and the width N2 being 0.008 first wavelengths. It should be understood that the numerical values provided in the embodiments of the present application are only used as examples, and in actual production design, corresponding adjustments may be made according to different required frequency bands.
  • the antenna structure can realize vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation through the first slot 201, and the corresponding working frequency bands are the first working frequency band and the second working frequency band, and the first working frequency band The frequency is lower than the frequency of the second working frequency band.
  • the first slot 201 is formed by connecting three slots located in different planes, the first slot 201 arranged in three dimensions occupies a smaller volume than the slot arranged in a plane, which is more favorable for the miniaturization of the antenna structure. change.
  • the antenna structure can realize horizontally polarized omnidirectional radiation through the second slot 202, and its corresponding working frequency band is the third working frequency band and the fourth working frequency band, and the third working frequency band The frequency is lower than the frequency of the fourth working frequency band.
  • the second slit 202 is composed of two oppositely arranged notches 211 and 212 and an opening 213 connected to them, the oppositely arranged notches 211 and 212 greatly expand the size of the second slit 202 and make full use of the metal shell
  • the cuboid structure of the body not only ensures the length of the radiation slot, but also reduces the height of the antenna structure.
  • the first working frequency band and the third working frequency band of the antenna structure can cover the 2.4GHz (2.4GHz-2.4835GHz) frequency band of the WiFi
  • the second working frequency band and the fourth working frequency band of the antenna structure can cover the 5GHz (5.15GHz) frequency band of the WiFi. GHz–5.825GHz) frequency band.
  • the resonance point and bandwidth of the antenna structure in the horizontally polarized low frequency frequency band can be adjusted.
  • the height of the trapezoidal notch in the second slot 202 the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the horizontally polarized low frequency band can be optimized, and by adjusting the width of the second slot 202, the omnidirectionality of the resonant point of the antenna structure in the horizontally polarized high frequency band can be optimized. .
  • the first feeding branch 120 may be a zigzag structure, such as a U-shaped structure, and the total length of the first feeding branch 120 after being folded and unfolded may be between 0.05 and 0.35 first wavelengths.
  • the width of a feeding branch 120 may be between 0.02 and 0.08 first wavelengths.
  • the first feeding branch is an L-shaped structure composed of sub-branches 1201 and 1202 as an example for description, and the length H1 of the sub-branches 1201 may be 0.216 first wavelengths, The length H3 of the sub-branches 1202 may be 0.096 first wavelengths, the widths of the sub-branches 1201 and 1202 may be the same, and the widths H2 may both be 0.048 first wavelengths.
  • the position of the electric branch 120 relative to the first slot 201 adjusts the impedance matching of the first antenna unit composed of the first slot and the first feeding branch. It should be understood that the numerical values provided in the embodiments of the present application are only used as examples, and in actual production design, corresponding adjustments may be made according to different required frequency bands.
  • the second feeding branch 130 may include a first metal segment 1301 , a second metal segment 1302 and a third metal segment 1303 . Wherein, an angle is formed between two adjacent metal segments, so that the second feeding branch has a stepped structure.
  • the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the 2-step ladder structure including three metal segments shown in FIG. 8 as an example.
  • the second feeding branch 130 may also include other numbers of metal segments, so that it has an N-step ladder structure, where 2 ⁇ N ⁇ 5.
  • the first metal segment 1301 can be parallel to the second surface or the third surface of the metal casing, and the angle formed by each metal piece in the second feeding branch 130 can be adjusted according to the actual space in the electronic device .
  • the expanded length of the second feeding branch 130 may be between 0.04 and 0.34 of the first wavelength.
  • the expanded length of the second feeding branch 130 is the first metal segment 1301, and the second The sum of the lengths of the metal segment 1302 and the third metal segment 1303 .
  • the width H4 of the second feeding branch 130 may be between 0.01 and 0.08 first wavelengths.
  • the antenna structure may further include a first parasitic branch 132 and a second parasitic branch 133.
  • the first parasitic branch 132 and the second parasitic branch 133 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the second feeding branch 130, that is, The first parasitic branch 132 may be located between the second feeding branch 130 and the upper surface 114 , and the second parasitic branch 133 may be located between the second feeding branch 130 and the lower surface 115 .
  • the first parasitic branch 132 and the second parasitic branch 133 are the same size.
  • the first parasitic branch 132 and the second parasitic branch 133 may be fixed in the metal casing through an antenna bracket or a dielectric column, so as to form a parasitic patch of the second feeding branch 120 .
  • the proportion of the horizontal polarization in the radiation of the second antenna unit composed of the second slot and the second feeding branch can be increased.
  • the isolation degree between the first antenna unit composed of the first slot 201 and the first feeding branch 120 and the second antenna unit formed by the second slot 202 and the second feeding branch 130 can be further improved.
  • the distance M4 between the first parasitic branch 132 and the second feeding branch 130 and the distance M5 between the second parasitic branch 133 and the second feeding branch 130 are symmetrical along the length direction of the second feeding branch.
  • the distance M4 between the first parasitic branch 132 and the second feeding branch 130 and the distance M5 between the second parasitic branch 133 and the second feeding branch 130 may be between 0.006 and 0.08 of the first wavelength. between. It should be understood that the distance M4 between the first parasitic branch 132 and the second feeding branch 130 can be understood as the minimum value of the straight-line distance between the point on the first parasitic branch 132 and the point on the second feeding branch 130, and the second The distance M5 between the parasitic branch 133 and the second feeding branch 130 can also be understood accordingly.
  • the expanded length of the second feeding branch 130 is 0.14 first wavelengths
  • the width H4 is 0.024 first wavelengths
  • the distance between the first parasitic branch 132 and the second feeding branch 130 is
  • the distance M5 between M4 and the second parasitic branch 133 and the second feeding branch 130 is 0.016 of the first wavelength.
  • the size of the second feeding branch 130 or, the distance M4 between the first parasitic branch 132 and the second feeding branch 130 and the distance between the second parasitic branch 133 and the second feeding branch 130 M5 can adjust the impedance matching of the second antenna unit composed of the second slot and the second feeding branch, and can optimize the matching of the second antenna unit in the horizontally polarized high frequency band. Due to mutual coupling between the two parasitic branches and the second feeding branch, the second antenna unit can obtain a wider bandwidth. Moreover, their size only affects the impedance characteristic of the second antenna unit, and hardly affects the radiation characteristic of the second antenna unit, which ensures good omnidirectional radiation characteristic in dual frequency bands.
  • FIG. 9 to 11 are simulation result diagrams of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • 9 is a schematic diagram of the S-parameter simulation result of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 10 is a corresponding directional diagram when the first feeding unit of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 is in operation.
  • FIG. 11 is a corresponding directional diagram when the second feeding unit of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 is in operation.
  • S22 is the reflection coefficient of the antenna unit corresponding to the first slot when the first feeding unit is working
  • S11 is the reflection coefficient of the antenna unit corresponding to the second slot when the second feeding unit is working
  • S21 is The isolation of the two antenna elements in the bulk antenna structure.
  • the antenna structure when the first feeding unit is feeding, the antenna structure can realize vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation through the first slot, and the corresponding -10dB frequency bands are 2.36-2.52GHz and 4.93-6.20GHz.
  • the antenna structure can realize horizontally polarized omnidirectional radiation through the second slot, and the corresponding -10dB frequency bands are 2.38-2.48GHz and 4.99-5.86GHz. Therefore, both the antenna unit corresponding to the first slot and the antenna unit corresponding to the second slot can cover the dual frequency bands of WiFi.
  • the antenna unit corresponding to the first slot corresponds to the second slot.
  • the antenna units have good isolation, and in the working frequency band, they are all below -40dB.
  • the pattern corresponding to the vertical polarization basically coincides with the general pattern, and the gain of the pattern corresponding to the horizontal polarization is below -30dB.
  • the out-of-roundness of its vertical polarization is 2.7dB at 2.45GHz and 5dB at 5.5GHz, and its omnidirectionality is good.
  • the pattern corresponding to the horizontal polarization basically coincides with the general pattern, and the gain of the pattern corresponding to the vertical polarization is below -30dB.
  • the out-of-roundness of its horizontal polarization is 2.2dB at 2.45GHz and 4.4dB at 5.5GHz, and its omnidirectionality is good.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the second feeding branch 330 may deviate from the center position of the opening 313 , that is, the second feeding branch 330 moves upward or downward relative to the position shown in FIG. Electricity.
  • the impedance matching of the antenna unit corresponding to the second slot in the working frequency band can be achieved by adjusting the distance from the center position of the second feeding branch 330 .
  • FIG. 13 to 15 are simulation result diagrams of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 12 .
  • 13 is a schematic diagram of the S-parameter simulation result of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 12 .
  • FIG. 14 is a directional diagram corresponding to the operation of the first feeding unit of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 12 .
  • FIG. 15 is a corresponding directional diagram when the second feeding unit of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 12 is working.
  • S22 is the reflection coefficient of the antenna unit corresponding to the first slot when the first feeding unit is working
  • S11 is the reflection coefficient of the antenna unit corresponding to the second slot when the second antenna unit is working
  • S21 is the body Isolation of two antenna elements in an antenna structure.
  • the antenna structure when the first feeding unit is feeding, the antenna structure can realize vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation through the first slot, and the corresponding -10dB frequency bands are 2.39-2.53GHz and 5.08-6.34GHz.
  • the antenna structure when the second feeding unit is feeding, the antenna structure can realize horizontally polarized omnidirectional radiation through the second slot, and the corresponding -10dB frequency bands are 2.4-2.54GHz and 4.61-5.93GHz. Therefore, both the antenna unit corresponding to the first slot and the antenna unit corresponding to the second slot can cover the dual frequency bands of WiFi.
  • the antenna unit corresponding to the first slot corresponds to the second slot.
  • the antenna unit corresponding to the first slot corresponds to the second slot.
  • the antenna structure when the antenna structure is at 2.45GHz and 5.5GHz, the pattern corresponding to the vertical polarization is quite different from the pattern corresponding to the horizontal polarization, and the gain of the pattern corresponding to the horizontal polarization is below -30dB.
  • the out-of-roundness of its vertical polarization is 2.7dB at 2.45GHz and 5.1dB at 5.5GHz, and its omnidirectionality is good.
  • the antenna structure when the antenna structure is at 5.5 GHz, the pattern corresponding to the horizontal polarization and the pattern corresponding to the vertical polarization overlap at certain angles. That is, the cross-polarization component is small at 2.45GHz, but the cross-polarization component is large at 5.5GHz. At the same time, the out-of-roundness of its horizontal polarization is 2.2dB at 2.45GHz and 4.5dB at 5.5GHz, and its omnidirectionality is good.
  • the proportion of horizontal polarization in the radiation of the second antenna unit composed of the second slot and the second feeding branch is compared with that of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the structure is equivalent, as shown in Figure 14.
  • the isolation between the first antenna unit composed of the first slot and the first feeding branch and the second antenna unit composed of the second slot and the second feeding branch becomes poor, but it can also meet the production requirements. and design needs.
  • each of the above-mentioned lengths, widths or heights may be understood as electrical lengths.
  • the electrical length can be defined as the physical length (ie mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the travel time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in a medium and the time it takes for that signal to travel the same distance in free space as the physical length of the medium.
  • the electrical length can satisfy the following formula:
  • L is the physical length
  • a is the transmission time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium
  • b is the medium transmission time in free space.
  • the electrical length can also refer to the ratio of the physical length (ie mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and the electrical length can satisfy the following formula:
  • L is the physical length
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the apparatus embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical or other forms.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

Les modes de réalisation de la présente invention concernent un dispositif électronique. Le dispositif électronique comprend un logement de métal, une première branche d'alimentation, une deuxième branche d'alimentation, une première unité d'alimentation, et une deuxième unité d'alimentation. Le logement de métal est formé par une surface supérieure, une surface inférieure et une surface latérale de manière englobante ; une première encoche est réalisée sur la surface supérieure, une deuxième encoche est réalisée sur la surface inférieure, et une ouverture est réalisée sur la surface principale, l'ouverture, la première encoche et la deuxième encoche étant reliées pour former un deuxième espace ; un premier espace est réalisé sur la surface latérale ; la direction d'extension d'au moins une partie du premier espace est perpendiculaire à la direction d'extension d'au moins une partie du deuxième espace ; la première unité d'alimentation s'accouple au premier espace et l'alimente au moyen de la première branche d'alimentation ; et la deuxième unité d'alimentation électrique s'accouple au deuxième espace et l'alimente au moyen de la deuxième branche d'alimentation. Le mode de polarisation d'une unité d'antenne formée par le premier espace et la première branche d'alimentation est orthogonal au mode de polarisation d'une unité d'antenne formée par le deuxième espace et la deuxième branche d'alimentation, et donc, l'unité d'antenne correspondant au premier espace et l'unité d'antenne correspondant au deuxième espace sont bien isolées l'une de l'autre.
PCT/CN2021/105933 2020-07-22 2021-07-13 Dispositif électronique WO2022017220A1 (fr)

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