WO2023109868A1 - Module d'antenne et dispositif électronique - Google Patents

Module d'antenne et dispositif électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023109868A1
WO2023109868A1 PCT/CN2022/139020 CN2022139020W WO2023109868A1 WO 2023109868 A1 WO2023109868 A1 WO 2023109868A1 CN 2022139020 W CN2022139020 W CN 2022139020W WO 2023109868 A1 WO2023109868 A1 WO 2023109868A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
connection point
feed
feeding
metal layer
arm
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PCT/CN2022/139020
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张帅
白婵
钟永卫
顾亮
Original Assignee
西安电子科技大学
Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
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Application filed by 西安电子科技大学, Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 filed Critical 西安电子科技大学
Publication of WO2023109868A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023109868A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of electronic technology, in particular to an antenna module and electronic equipment.
  • Antenna modules with symmetrical dipole radiating elements have the problem that the feeding part is too large, resulting in the antenna module being too large, which limits its application in space-constrained electronic devices such as mobile phones. Therefore, how to reduce the volume of the antenna module and ensure the performance of the antenna module has become a technical problem to be solved.
  • the present application provides an antenna module and electronic equipment that reduce the volume of the antenna module and ensure the performance of the antenna module.
  • the antenna module includes a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array, the antenna unit includes: a radiation unit, including at least one pair of radiation arms, each of the radiation arms is set There is a feed point; and a feed unit, which is arranged in a different layer from the radiating unit and opposite to it, includes at least one first feed arm, and the feed arm includes a first feed end, a first feed connection point, a second Two feeder connection points, and the first arc-shaped balun line electrically connected to the first feeder end, the first feeder connection point, and the second feeder connection point in turn, the first feeder
  • the electric terminal is used to electrically connect the radio frequency chip, the first feed connection point is coplanar with the second feed connection point, and the first feed connection point and the second feed connection point are respectively electrically connected Two feed points in a pair of radiating arms.
  • An electronic device provided by the present application includes the above-mentioned antenna module.
  • the antenna module and electronic equipment provided by this application are designed to include a first feed end, a first feed connection point, and a second feed connection point by designing the first feed arm, and are electrically connected through the first arc-shaped balun line
  • the above-mentioned first feed end, first feed connection point, and second feed connection point, wherein, the first feed connection point, the first arc-shaped balun line, and the second feed connection point are sequentially connected to form a planar structure
  • the size of the first feeding arm in the thickness direction of the antenna unit is relatively small, thereby realizing the low profile and miniaturization of the antenna module, reducing the volume of the antenna module and ensuring the performance of the antenna module.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural top view of the antenna array provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first type of radiating unit and feeding unit in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the feed unit in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a side view of the feed unit shown in Fig. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a second feed unit provided in this embodiment.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second type of radiating unit and feeding unit in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 10 is a top view of the specific structure of the first antenna array provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a specific three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna array provided in FIG. 10;
  • Figure 12 is a partial side view of the antenna array provided in Figure 11;
  • Fig. 13 is a partial side view of the second antenna array provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a partial side view of the third antenna array provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a partial side view of the fourth antenna array provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is a partial top view of the third type of radiating unit and feeding unit provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 17 is a partial top view of the specific structure of the first antenna array in Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 18 is a top view of the first main radiation arm in Fig. 17;
  • Fig. 19 is a top view of the second main radiation arm in Fig. 17;
  • Fig. 20 is a partial perspective view of Fig. 11;
  • Figure 21 is the simulation result of the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit in the y-polarization direction
  • Figure 22 is the simulation result of the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit in the x polarization direction
  • Figure 23 is the gain pattern of the E-plane and H-plane of the antenna unit at the highest operating frequency of 43GHz;
  • Figure 24 is the gain pattern of the E-plane and H-plane of the antenna unit at the highest operating frequency of 43GHz;
  • Figure 25 shows the maximum radiation pattern gain of y-polarization as a function of frequency when the scan angle of the array antenna is 0°;
  • Figure 26 is the x-polarized maximum radiation pattern varying with frequency when the scan angle of the array antenna is 0°;
  • Fig. 27 is the maximum radiation pattern of the y-polarization as the array antenna changes with the angle when the scanning angle is 0° at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz in the y-polarization direction;
  • Figure 28 is the maximum radiation pattern of the x-polarization of the array antenna in the x-polarization direction when the scanning angle is 0° at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz;
  • Figure 29 is the maximum radiation pattern of the y-polarization of the array antenna when the scanning angle is 60° at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz in the y-polarization direction as the angle changes;
  • Figure 30 is the maximum radiation pattern of the x-polarization of the array antenna changing with the angle when the x-polarization direction is at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz at a scanning angle of 60°;
  • Figure 31 is the gain pattern of the E-plane and H-plane of the antenna unit at the lowest operating frequency of 24GHz;
  • Figure 32 is the gain pattern of the E plane and the H plane of the antenna unit at the lowest operating frequency of 24GHz;
  • Figure 33 is the maximum radiation pattern of the y-polarization of the array antenna in the y-polarization direction when the scanning angle is 0° at the lowest operating frequency of 24GHz;
  • Figure 34 is the x-polarized maximum radiation pattern of the array antenna in the x-polarized direction at the lowest operating frequency of 24GHz when the scan angle is 0°;
  • Figure 35 is the maximum radiation pattern of the y-polarization of the array antenna changing with the angle when the y-polarization direction is at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz and the scanning angle is 60°;
  • Fig. 36 is a diagram of the maximum radiation pattern of the x-polarization as the array antenna changes with the angle when the scan angle is 60° at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz in the x-polarization direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 1000 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 1000 includes an antenna module 100 .
  • the antenna module 100 is used to send and receive electromagnetic wave signals to realize the communication function of the electronic device 1000 .
  • the present application does not specifically limit the position of the antenna module 100 on the electronic device 1000 , and FIG. 1 is only an example.
  • the electronic device 1000 further includes a display screen 200 and a casing 300 that are closed and connected to each other.
  • the antenna module 100 may be disposed inside the casing 300 of the electronic device 1000 , or partially integrated with the casing 300 , or partially disposed outside the casing 300 .
  • the electronic equipment 1000 includes, but is not limited to, mobile phones, telephones, televisions, tablet computers, cameras, personal computers, notebook computers, vehicle equipment, earphones, watches, wearable equipment, base stations, vehicle radars, customer premise equipment (Customer Premise Equipment) , CPE) and other equipment capable of sending and receiving electromagnetic wave signals.
  • the electronic device 1000 is taken as an example of a mobile phone, and for other devices, reference may be made to the specific description in this application.
  • the casing 300 includes a frame 310 and a rear cover 320 .
  • a middle plate 330 is formed in the frame 310 by injection molding, and a plurality of installation slots for installing various electronic devices are formed on the middle plate 330 .
  • the middle board 330 together with the frame 310 becomes the middle board 330 of the electronic device 1000 .
  • the middle frame 340 and the rear cover 320 are closed, a receiving space is formed on both sides of the middle frame 340 .
  • One side (such as the rear side) of the frame 310 surrounds the periphery of the rear cover 320
  • the other side (such as the front side) of the frame 310 surrounds the periphery of the display screen 200 .
  • the electronic device 1000 also includes a circuit board 500, a battery 600, a camera module, a microphone, a receiver, a loudspeaker, a face recognition module, a fingerprint recognition module, etc., which can realize the basic functions of the mobile phone. , which will not be described in detail in this embodiment. Understandably, the above introduction to the electronic device 1000 is only an illustration of an environment in which the antenna module 100 is applied, and the specific structure of the electronic device 1000 should not be construed as a limitation to the antenna module 100 provided in this application. .
  • the frequency bands supported by the antenna module 100 provided in this application include but are not limited to millimeter wave frequency bands and the like.
  • the space left for the antenna module in the electronic device 1000 is becoming more and more limited.
  • the application of the electronic device 1000 with limited space to increase the antenna function and the application scenario of the antenna module in the electronic device 1000 has become a technical problem to be solved.
  • the antenna module 100 includes but is not limited to the following embodiments.
  • the width direction of the antenna module 100 is defined as the X-axis direction
  • the length direction of the antenna module 100 is defined as the Y-axis direction
  • the thickness direction of the antenna module 100 is defined as the Z-axis direction.
  • the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction are perpendicular to each other. Wherein, the direction indicated by the arrow is the positive direction.
  • the antenna module 100 includes a plurality of antenna units 10 arranged in an array.
  • the present application does not specifically limit the number and arrangement of the antenna units 10 .
  • it is illustrated by taking a plurality of antenna units 10 arranged along the Y-axis direction as an example.
  • eight antenna units 10 are arranged in a straight line to form a 1*8 array antenna.
  • the antenna module 100 includes the aforementioned array antenna and radio frequency chip.
  • multiple antenna units 10 may also be arranged in a two-dimensional array.
  • the antenna unit 10 includes a radiation unit 1 and a feeding unit 2 .
  • the radiation unit 1 includes at least one pair of radiation arms 11 .
  • the number of the radiation arms 11 is one pair, two pairs, etc.
  • a pair of radiating arms 11 may be a pair of dipole antennas.
  • the pair of radiation arms 11 may be arranged in the direction of the Y axis, or in the direction of the X axis, or in a direction intersecting the X axis and the Y axis.
  • each of the radiating arms 11 is provided with feed points (such as the first feed point 101, the second feed point 102, the third feed point 103, the fourth feed point in FIG. point 104, etc.).
  • the feed point is a part of the radiation arm 11 electrically connected to the feed unit 2 .
  • both the feeding unit 2 and the radiating unit 1 are arranged opposite to each other in different layers.
  • both the feeding unit 2 and the radiating unit 1 are made of conductive materials, including but not limited to metal materials.
  • both the feeding unit 2 and the radiating unit 1 are metal layers disposed on a dielectric layer.
  • the feeding unit 2 and the radiating unit 1 are arranged along the thickness direction and separated by a dielectric layer.
  • the dielectric layer described in this application is an insulating medium, which has a relatively small dielectric constant and dielectric loss, and its specific material is not limited.
  • the feed unit 2 includes at least one first feed arm 21 .
  • the number of the first feeding arms 21 is the same as the logarithm of the radiation arms 11 .
  • the number of first feeding arms 21 is one.
  • the number of first feeding arms 21 is two.
  • Each first feeding arm 21 feeds a pair of the radiation arms 11 .
  • the first feed arm 21 includes a first feed end 211, a first feed connection point 212, a second feed connection point 213, and is electrically connected to the first feeder in turn.
  • the first feeding end 211 is used to electrically connect the radio frequency chip, and the electrical connection structure between the two includes but not limited to a coaxial cable and the like.
  • the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 are respectively electrically connected to two feed points in a pair of the radiating arms 11 (for example, the first feed point 101 and the second feed point 101 electric point 102).
  • a pair of the radiating arms 11 forms currents of equal amplitude and same phase under the excitation signals transmitted by the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 respectively.
  • the first feeding end 211 is electrically connected to the radio frequency chip through an unbalanced end (such as a coaxial cable).
  • a first arc-shaped balun wire 214 is provided between a pair of the radiating arms 11 and the first feeding end 211 .
  • the first arc-shaped balun line 214 converts the unbalanced signal at the first feeding end 211 into a balanced signal.
  • the first arc-shaped balun line 214 is electrically connected to the first feed end 211 , the first feed connection point 212 , and the second feed connection point 213 .
  • the radio frequency signal sent and received by the radio frequency chip is transmitted to the first arc-shaped balun line 214 through the first feeding end 211, and the first arc-shaped balun line 214 converts the single-ended signal into a second arc with equal radiation and a phase difference of 180°.
  • a differential signal and a second differential signal for example, the phase of the first differential signal is 0°, the phase of the second differential signal is 180°, and the first differential signal is transmitted to a pair of all One of the feeding points (such as the first feeding point 101) in the radiating arm 11; the first arc-shaped balun line 214 transmits the second differential signal to the second feeding connection point 213, and passes through the The second feed connection point 213 is transmitted to another feed point (such as the second feed point 102) in a pair of the radiating arms 11, so that the first feed point 101 and the second feed point 102 The signal at is equal amplitude and in phase signal.
  • the above paths can realize power feeding to a pair of radiation arms 11 .
  • first feed connection point 212 is opposite to the second feed connection point 213 .
  • arrangement direction of the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 is the same as the arrangement direction of the pair of radiation arms 11 .
  • one feeding point (for example, the first feeding point 101) on the pair of radiating arms 11 is arranged opposite to the first feeding connection point 212, and the other feeding point on the pair of radiating arms 11
  • the feed point (for example, the second feed point 102 ) is arranged opposite to the second feed connection point 213 .
  • one feeding point (for example, the first feeding point 101 ) on a pair of radiating arms 11 and the first feeding connection point 212 can be set in a staggered manner, and the other feeding point on a pair of radiating arms 11
  • the feed point (for example, the second feed point 102 ) and the second feed connection point 213 may be set in a staggered manner.
  • the first feed connection point 212 is electrically connected through capacitive coupling or electrically connected to one of the feed points in a pair of radiating arms 11 (such as the first feed point 101).
  • the second feed connection point 213 is electrically connected through capacitive coupling or through conductive vias, conductive traces, etc. Two feeding points 102).
  • both the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 are electrically connected to the feed points in a pair of radiating arms 11 (such as the first feed Electric point 101, second feeding point 102).
  • the transmission between the radio frequency chip and the first feeding end 211 may be performed through a coaxial cable or other wire.
  • the dipole antenna is a balanced antenna
  • the coaxial cable is an unbalanced transmission line
  • high-frequency current will flow through the sheath of the coaxial cable, which will affect the radiation of the antenna.
  • the first arc-shaped balun line 214 is a balun
  • the first arc-shaped balun line 214 is connected between the balanced antenna and the unbalanced transmission line to reduce the sheath of the coaxial cable
  • the high-frequency current in the medium improves the radiation performance of the antenna.
  • the first feeding end 211, the first feeding connection point 212, and the second feeding connection point 213 of the first feeding arm 21 are designed to be coplanar, and are electrically connected in sequence through the first arc-shaped balun line 214.
  • the first feed end 211 , the first feed connection point 212 , and the second feed connection point 213 are mentioned above.
  • the setting of the first arc-shaped balun line 214 can make the feed unit 2 form a planar structure, so that the size of the first feed arm 21 in the thickness direction of the antenna unit 10 is relatively small, thereby realizing the antenna module 100.
  • the first arc-shaped balun line 214 converts the single-ended signal from the first feeding end 211 into a differential signal to realize the equal amplitude and phase of the current of a pair of dipole arms, thereby adding a pair of dipoles subarm gain.
  • the first arc-shaped balun line 214 can also achieve impedance matching, so that the impedance on the transmission line matches the impedance on the radiating arm 11 and improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • the present application does not specifically limit whether two adjacent antenna units 10 are coupled to each other.
  • the distance between two adjacent antenna units 10 is small, and the two adjacent antenna units 10 are coupled to each other to form a tightly coupled array antenna.
  • the size of the antenna module 100 on the X-Y plane is relatively small, and the aperture of the array antenna is small, which promotes the miniaturization of the antenna module 100 .
  • the antenna module 100 includes an array antenna 20 formed by a plurality of antenna units 10 .
  • the array antenna 20 can be a phased array antenna.
  • the antenna unit 10 also includes a first metal layer 3 .
  • the first metal layer 3 is a reference floor.
  • the first metal layer 3 is located between the radiating unit 1 and the feeding unit 2 .
  • the radiation unit 1 is coupled with the first metal layer 3 .
  • the first metal layer 3 is a continuous whole. The arrangement of the first metal layer 3 not only does not affect the radiation performance of the array antenna 20, but also widens its impedance bandwidth.
  • the specific principle is: an infinite square array (that is, a wireless large current sheet) composed of several planar electric dipoles closely arranged, the upper part of the array plane is a free space, and the lower part is close to a metal reflector, the metal reflector is The first metal layer 3 .
  • the existence of the coupling effect between the antenna units 10 makes the impedance of the phased array antenna change drastically when the phased array antenna performs beam scanning, and gives an infinite current sheet scanning to the angles of the E plane and the H plane respectively.
  • ⁇ the relationship between the array impedance R and the electric dipole radiation resistance R 0 when the array is not scanning:
  • the impedance of the phased array antenna changes drastically, so that the array impedance R of the phased array antenna during beam scanning is different from the electric dipole radiation resistance R of the phased array antenna when it is not scanning .
  • the range of the difference between them is relatively large, so the range of the angle ⁇ scanned on the E plane and the H plane is also large, so that the phased array antenna has a large scanning angle on the E plane and the H plane.
  • the basic structure of the infinite current sheet determines that its equivalent circuit does not introduce reactance components, and only has real part resistance. This special structure determines its broadband characteristics.
  • Millimeter wave communication has become the key to 5G applications today due to its rich spectrum advantages.
  • the advantage of the 5G millimeter wave array antenna 20 lies in: high-density, high-strength signal coverage.
  • broadband antennas with broadband performance will be the focus of future research.
  • designing a tightly coupled antenna for the 5G millimeter-wave band is also a technical problem that needs to be solved.
  • the 5G millimeter-wave frequency band covers 24.75-27.5GHz and 37-43.5GHz. With the increase of the operating frequency, the size of the antenna unit 10 decreases.
  • the general tight-coupling structure is implemented with a vertical structure, which can support low frequency bands, but the vertical structure has the problem of being too large.
  • the vertical structure is no longer applicable, and it is too large to be used in the 5G millimeter wave band. Used in electronic equipment with limited space.
  • the radiation unit 1 is a conductive layer arranged on the dielectric layer, which is a planar structure, and the feed unit 2 It is also the conductive layer (such as the above-mentioned first arc-shaped balun line 214, the first feed terminal 211, the first feed connection point 212, and the second feed connection point 213) arranged on another dielectric layer, that is, the feed
  • the electrical unit 2 is also a planar structure.
  • the antenna unit 10 is small in size and can be applied to the 5G millimeter wave band, and then through the above-mentioned design of the planar radiation unit 1.
  • the tight coupling between the planar feed unit 2, the first metal layer 3 and the adjacent antenna unit 10 can realize a tightly coupled antenna suitable for the 5G millimeter wave band, and then support the 5G millimeter wave band, widen the bandwidth and realize the antenna
  • the miniaturization of the module 100 facilitates the application of tightly coupled antennas in the 5G millimeter wave band to electronic devices with limited space.
  • an insulating dielectric layer is provided between the first metal layer 3 and the radiating unit 1, and between the first metal layer 3 and the feeding unit 2, and the insulating dielectric layer can be a dielectric Matching layer, dielectric substrate, etc.
  • the above-mentioned array antenna 20 may adopt Antenna-in-Package (AIP), wherein, the AIP technology integrates the antenna and other circuits in the same package through packaging materials and processes, because it is well Taking into account the performance, cost and volume of the antenna.
  • AIP Antenna-in-Package
  • the planar radiation unit 1 provided in this application is a dipole antenna, and the reactance component of the dipole antenna is capacitive at low frequencies and inductive at high frequencies, which can just cancel each other out with Z L .
  • the free space, the dielectric matching layer and the dielectric substrate are all represented by transmission lines, forming a transmission line network, and its equivalent impedance is represented by Z L .
  • the coupling capacitance between adjacent antenna elements 10 can also cancel a part of the reactive component of ZL .
  • the dipole antenna and the coupling capacitor the dipole antenna achieves better impedance matching in a wide frequency range, so the tightly coupled array antenna 20 can have a wide working bandwidth.
  • the characteristic impedance introduced by the dielectric matching layer also has a positive impact on the overall broadband matching.
  • the antenna module 100 provided by the present application is a tightly coupled array antenna 20, the distance between adjacent antenna units 10 is small, and it has a relatively small size on the X-Y plane, and there is a mutual coupling effect between the antenna units 10, expanding Antenna bandwidth; the radiating arm 11 of the radiating unit 1 and the feeding arm in the feeding unit 2 are both planar structures, which reduces the thickness of the tightly coupled array antenna 20, realizes a low profile, and promotes the miniaturization of the antenna module 100, It can also be applied to form a tightly coupled antenna suitable for 5G millimeter wave band.
  • the radiation arm 11 of the radiation unit 1 as a dipole antenna, it can achieve good impedance matching in a wide frequency range.
  • the first arc-shaped balun line 214 includes a first transmission line 215 and a second transmission line 216 .
  • the first transmission line 215 is electrically connected between the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 .
  • the second transmission line 216 is electrically connected between the first feeding end 211 and the first feeding connection point 212 .
  • the first transmission line 215 is a 1/2 arc line; and/or, the second transmission line 216 is a 1/4 arc line.
  • the circular arc described in the present application may be an arc of a perfect circle or an arc of an ellipse.
  • the first feed connection point 212 is set opposite to the second feed connection point 213 , and the first transmission line 215 is a 1/2 arc line.
  • the center of the first transmission line 215 is the midpoint of the line between the first feeding connection point 212 and the second feeding connection point 213 .
  • the midpoint of the line between the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 is directly opposite to the center of symmetry of the pair of radiating arms 11 in the Z-axis direction, so that the first The space occupied by a transmission line 215 overlaps with the space occupied by a pair of radiation arms 11 in the Z-axis direction, so as to reduce the space occupied by the antenna unit 10 .
  • the first transmission line 215 is a 1/2 arc line
  • the path difference between the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 is a 1/2 arc shape, which can realize the second
  • the phases of the two differential signals are changed by 180°, so that the currents of the dipole arms are equal in amplitude and in phase, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna.
  • This application does not specifically limit the arc radius of the first transmission line 215.
  • the arc radius of the first transmission line 215 may be greater than, less than or equal to the connection point between the first feeder connection point 212 and the second feeder line. half of the distance between the electrical connection points 213.
  • the second transmission line 216 is a 1/4 arc line, and the first transmission line 215 and the second transmission line 216 may be concentric or not.
  • the center of the circle is directly opposite to the center of symmetry of the pair of radiation arms 11, so that the first arc-shaped balun line 214 can be used in the Z-axis direction
  • the space below the radiation unit 1 reduces the overall size of the antenna unit 10 .
  • the second transmission line 216 may also be a 1/8 arc line, a 3/8 arc line, or the like.
  • the feed unit 2 provided by this application is a 3/4 circular plane balun, wherein the first feed terminal 211 is input to the first feed connection point 212 through a 1/4 circular arc line, and is connected via the first feed Point 212 to the feeding column of a dipole arm (i.e. the radiating arm 11 of the dipole antenna), then continue to pass through the 2/4 circular arc to the second feeding connection point 213, and through the second feeding connection point 213 to the feeder column of another dipole arm, the distance difference between the two feeder columns is 2/4 arc line, at this time, the current of the dipole arm can be equal in amplitude and in phase, and the dipole arm can be improved radiation efficiency.
  • a dipole arm i.e. the radiating arm 11 of the dipole antenna
  • the first arc-shaped balun line 214 includes at least one of a microstrip line or a stripline.
  • the first arc-shaped balun line 214 is a planar microstrip line or a planar stripline.
  • the microstrip line is a strip line that runs on the surface layer and is attached to the surface of the dielectric layer, and is separated from the ground plane by the dielectric layer.
  • One side of the microstrip line is exposed in the air (it can form radiation to the surrounding or be disturbed by the surrounding radiation), while the other side is attached to the insulating dielectric, so part of the electric field formed by it is distributed in the air, and the other part is distributed in the insulating dielectric.
  • the stripline is a stripline embedded in the middle of a dielectric between two conductive planes.
  • the stripline is embedded between two conductive planes, so its electric field distribution is between the two conductive planes, and it will not radiate energy and will not be disturbed by external radiation.
  • the characteristic impedance of the first arc-shaped balun line 214 can be adjusted.
  • the tightly coupled antenna is a single-polarized antenna.
  • the tightly coupled antenna unit 10 is designed from single polarization to dual-polarization, it is necessary to ensure the performance of both polarizations at the same time.
  • How to reasonably design the layout of the dual-polarization unit so that the array antenna 20 has a wide bandwidth in both polarizations The angular width sweep characteristic is an important issue.
  • the radiation unit 1 includes two pairs of radiation arms 11 as an example to illustrate with reference to the drawings.
  • the at least one pair of radiating arms 11 includes a pair of first radiating arms 111 arranged along a first direction and a pair of second radiating arms 112 arranged along a second direction.
  • the first direction intersects the second direction (the intersection angle is (0-90°]).
  • the first direction is the X-axis direction
  • the second direction is the Y-axis direction.
  • the first direction can also be the direction of the Y axis
  • the second direction can be the direction of the X axis; or, the angle between the first direction and the X axis is 45°, and the angle between the second direction and the Y axis is 45°.
  • the one direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the first feed connection point 212 and the second feed connection point 213 are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, and the first feed connection point 212 is electrically connected to the second feed connection point 213 respectively.
  • Two feeding points of a pair of the first radiating arms 111 are respectively denoted as a first feeding point 101 and a second feeding point 102 .
  • the first feed connection point 212 is directly opposite to and electrically connected to the first feed point 101 ;
  • the second feed connection point 213 is directly opposite to and electrically connected to the second feed point 102 .
  • the feed unit 2 further includes a second feed arm 22 .
  • the second feeding arm 22 and the first feeding arm 21 are disposed on different layers or on the same layer.
  • the second feed arm 22 includes a second feed end 221 , a third feed connection point 222 , and a fourth feed connection point 223 which are electrically connected in sequence.
  • the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 are disposed opposite to each other along the second direction.
  • the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 are respectively electrically connected to the two feed points of the pair of second radiating arms 112 .
  • the two feeding points of the pair of second radiating arms 112 are respectively marked as the third feeding point 103 and the fourth feeding point 104 .
  • the third feed connection point 222 is directly opposite to and electrically connected to the third feed point 103 ;
  • the fourth feed connection point 223 is directly opposite to and electrically connected to the fourth feed point 104 .
  • the radiating unit 1 is designed to include two pairs of orthogonally arranged radiating arms 11, and the two pairs of orthogonally arranged radiating arms 11 can form a dual-polarized antenna, for example, dual-polarized antennas in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction antenna.
  • Dual polarized antenna can enhance the stability of sending and receiving. For example, vertically polarized waves are received with an antenna having vertical polarization characteristics, and horizontally polarized waves are received with an antenna having horizontal polarization characteristics. When the polarization direction of the incoming wave is inconsistent with the polarization direction of the receiving antenna, the received signal will become smaller, that is, polarization loss occurs.
  • the polarization direction of the receiving antenna is completely orthogonal to the polarization direction of the incoming wave, for example, when a horizontally polarized receiving antenna is used to receive a vertically polarized incoming wave, the antenna cannot receive the energy of the incoming wave at all. In this case The polarization loss is the largest, and the polarization is completely isolated. Therefore, the dual-polarized antenna can receive more polarized signals, and the transmitted signals can also be received better.
  • the number of feeding terminals of the dual-polarized antenna is large.
  • one polarization of a tightly coupled antenna unit 10 needs 2 feed terminals (each dipole arm is separately connected to a feed terminal), and dual polarization requires 4 ports with a high profile.
  • the conventional dual-polarized array antenna 20 is applied to 5G mm-band communication equipment, for example, the array needs to be composed of 8 antenna elements 10 , then the conventional tightly coupled array needs 32 ports.
  • the number of ports of the array antenna 20 will increase the cost and complicate the structure of the antenna, and due to the size limitation of the module size and tight coupling suppression grating lobes, the number of feeding terminals of the antenna module 100 is limited, for example, limited to 16. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably design the feeding structure of the tightly coupled antenna to break through the problem of port minimization design.
  • the first feed arm 21 in the feed unit 2 is electrically connected to a pair of first radiation by setting a first feed end 211 and a first arc-shaped balun wire 214.
  • the two feeding points on the arm 111 and the second feeding arm 22 are electrically connected to the two feeding points on the pair of second radiating arms 112 by setting a second feeding terminal 221 .
  • one dual-polarized antenna unit 10 only needs to be provided with two feeding terminals, compared with the conventional dual-polarized antenna that requires one antenna unit 10 to be provided with four feeding terminals, which can greatly reduce the number of feeding terminals.
  • the second feed arm 22 also includes coplanar arrangement and is electrically connected to the second feed end 221, the The third feed connection point 222 and the second arc-shaped balun line 224 of the fourth feed connection point 223 .
  • the thickness of the second feeding arm 22 can be reduced, which is beneficial to the low profile of the antenna module 100 .
  • the second arc-shaped balun line 224 includes a third transmission line 225 and a fourth transmission line 226 .
  • the third transmission line 225 is electrically connected between the second feeding end 221 and the third feeding connection point 222 .
  • the fourth transmission line 226 is electrically connected between the third feeding connection point 222 and the fourth feeding connection point 223 .
  • the third transmission line 225 is a 1/2 arc line; and/or, the fourth transmission line 226 is a 1/4 arc line.
  • the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction, and the third transmission line 225 is a 1/2 arc line.
  • the center of the third transmission line 225 is the midpoint of the line between the third feeding connection point 222 and the fourth feeding connection point 223 .
  • the midpoint of the line between the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 is directly opposite to the center of symmetry of the pair of second radiating arms 112 in the Z-axis direction, so , the space occupied by the third transmission line 225 overlaps with the space occupied by the pair of second radiation arms 112 in the Z-axis direction, so as to reduce the space occupied by the antenna unit 10 .
  • the third transmission line 225 is a 1/2 circular arc line, and the path difference between the third feeding connection point 222 and the fourth feeding connection point 223 is 1/2 circular arc shape, which can realize a
  • the current of the second radiating arm 112 is equal in amplitude and in phase (refer to the related description of “the phase of the second differential signal changes by 180° after being transmitted through the first transmission line 215 ”), thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna.
  • This application does not specifically limit the radius of the arc of the third transmission line 225.
  • the radius of the arc of the third transmission line 225 may be greater than, less than or equal to that of the third feeder connection point 222 and the fourth feeder half of the distance between the electrical connection points 223 .
  • the fourth transmission line 226 is a 1/4 arc line, and the third transmission line 225 and the fourth transmission line 226 may be concentric or not.
  • the center of the circle is directly opposite to the center of symmetry of the pair of second radiation arms 112, so that the first arc-shaped balun line 214 can move in the Z-axis direction
  • the overall size of the antenna unit 10 can be reduced by using the space under the radiation unit 1 .
  • the fourth transmission line 226 may also be a 1/8 arc line, a 3/8 arc line, or the like.
  • Both the first feeding arm 21 and the second feeding arm 22 provided by this application are 3/4 circular plane baluns, wherein the input of the second feeding terminal 221 is connected to the third feeding through a 1/4 circular arc line point 222, and through the third feed connection point 222 to the feed post of a dipole arm (i.e. the radiating arm 11 of the dipole antenna), then continue to pass through the 2/4 circular arc to the fourth feed connection point 223, and through the fourth feed connection point 223 to the feed post of another dipole arm, the path difference between the two feed posts is a 2/4 arc line, at this time the dipole arm can be realized
  • the current is equal in amplitude and in phase, which improves the radiation efficiency of the dipole arm.
  • the second arc-shaped balun line 224 includes at least one of a microstrip line or a stripline.
  • the second arc-shaped balun line 224 is a planar microstrip line or a planar stripline.
  • the second feeding arm 22 and the first feeding arm 21 are disposed on different layers.
  • the second feeding terminal 221 is set at different layers from the second feeding connection point 213 and the first feeding connection point 212, and the second feeding terminal 221 is connected to the second feeding connection point 212.
  • the electrical connection point 213 and the first power feeding connection point 212 are sequentially arranged in the first direction.
  • the first feed end 211 is located on different layers from the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223, and the first feed end 211 and the third feed connection point 222.
  • the fourth feeding connection point 223 is arranged sequentially in the second direction. Further, the first feed end 211 and the second feed end 221 are disposed outside the first arc-shaped balun wire 214 and the second arc-shaped balun wire 224 .
  • the second feed connection point 213, the first feed connection point 212, the third feed connection point 222, and the fourth feed connection point 223 are set on the first arc-shaped balun Line 214, the inner side of the second arc-shaped balun line 224.
  • the first arc-shaped balun line 214 and the second arc-shaped balun line 224 overlap in the space of the X-Y plane, thereby greatly reducing the space occupied by the feed unit 2 of the dual-polarized antenna on the X-Y plane , promote the miniaturization of the feed unit 2, and facilitate the formation of a dual-polarized tightly coupled array antenna 20 suitable for 5G millimeter waves.
  • the lengths of the first arc-shaped balun wire 214 and the second arc-shaped balun wire 224 may be the same.
  • the antenna unit 10 further includes a first feeding post 31 , a second feeding post 32 , a third feeding post 33 and a fourth feeding post 34 .
  • Two ends of the first feeding column 31 are respectively electrically connected to the first feeding connection point 212 and one of the feeding points in the first radiating arm 111 (ie, the first feeding point 101 ).
  • Both ends of the second feeding column 32 are respectively electrically connected to the second feeding connection point 213 and the other feeding point in the first radiating arm 111 (i.e. the second feeding point 102).
  • Both ends of the third feeding column 33 are respectively electrically connected to the third feeding connection point 222 and one of the feeding points in the second radiating arm 112 (ie, the third feeding point 103 ).
  • Both ends of the fourth feeding column 34 are respectively electrically connected to the fourth feeding connection point 223 and the other feeding point (ie, the fourth feeding point 104 ) in the second radiating arm 112 .
  • the first metal layer 3 is disposed between the radiating unit 1 and the feeding unit 2 .
  • the second feeding column 32, the third feeding column 33 and the fourth feeding column 34 there are hollow areas, so that the first feeding column 31.
  • the second feeding column 32, the third feeding column 33 and the fourth feeding column 34 penetrate the first metal layer 3 through the hollow area of the first metal layer 3, and are electrically connected to the four poles of the dual-polarized antenna unit 10. feed point.
  • both the first arc-shaped balun line 214 and the second arc-shaped balun line 224 are strip lines.
  • stripline reference may be made to the definition above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the antenna module 100 further includes a second metal layer 4 and a third metal layer 5 disposed sequentially with the first metal layer 3 along the thickness direction.
  • the second metal layer 4 is disposed opposite to the first metal layer 3 along the thickness direction.
  • the third metal layer 5 is disposed opposite to the second metal layer 4 along the thickness direction.
  • the first feeding arm 21 is disposed between the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4, and is insulated from both the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4, for example , setting the insulating dielectric layer.
  • the second feed arm 22 is disposed between the second metal layer 4 and the third metal layer 5 , and is insulated from both the second metal layer 4 and the third metal layer 5 .
  • an insulating dielectric layer is provided.
  • the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4 form a ground plane of the first feed arm 21 .
  • the second metal layer 4 and the third metal layer 5 form a ground plane of the second feeding unit 2 .
  • the first metal layer 3 can be coupled with the radiation arm 11 to form a tightly coupled array antenna 20, and the first metal layer 3 can also protect the surroundings of the first arc-shaped balun line 214 with the second metal layer 4, so as to Prevent the high-frequency signal transmitted by the first arc-shaped balun line 214 from radiating out, and also prevent external radiation interference;
  • the second metal layer 4 can not only protect the peripheral side of the first arc-shaped balun line 214, but also protect the The peripheral side of the second arc-shaped balun line 224 is protected, so that the signals transmitted by the first arc-shaped balun line 214 and the second arc-shaped balun line 224 will not leak out, and also prevent external radiation (such as the first arc-shaped balun line)
  • An arc-shaped balun line 214) interferes with the second arc-shaped balun line 224, reduces
  • a hollow area is provided on the second metal layer 4, so that the third feed post 33 and the fourth feed post 34 of the second feed unit 2 pass through the hollow area on the second metal layer 4 and electrically Connected to the third feeding point 103 and the fourth feeding point 104 .
  • a hollow area is provided on the third metal layer 5, so that the coaxial line electrically connected to the radio frequency chip passes through the hollow area on the third metal layer 5 and is electrically connected to the second feed of the second feed unit 2 Terminal 221.
  • Another coaxial line electrically connected to the radio frequency chip passes through the hollow area on the third metal layer 5 , the hollow area on the second metal layer 4 and is electrically connected to the first feed end 211 of the first feed arm 21 .
  • the antenna unit 10 further includes at least one second metal layer 4 , and the second metal layer 4 is disposed opposite to the first metal layer 3 along the thickness direction.
  • the first feeding arm 21 is disposed between the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4, and is insulated from both the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4, for example , setting the insulating dielectric layer.
  • the second feed arm 22 is disposed on a side of the second metal layer 4 away from the first metal layer 3 , and is insulated from the second metal layer 4 , for example, an insulating dielectric layer is provided.
  • the second metal layer 4 is one layer. Compared with the first embodiment of the feed unit 2, this embodiment reduces the setting of one metal layer (ie, the third metal layer 5), which further reduces the thickness of the antenna module 100, which is beneficial to the low profile; at the same time It can ensure that the first arc-shaped balun wire 214 and the second arc-shaped balun wire 224 can work well without interfering with each other.
  • this embodiment is substantially the same as the second embodiment of the feed unit 2, the main difference is that the number of the second metal layer 4 is Two layers, and the two layers of the second metal layer 4 are spaced apart.
  • the isolation between the first curved balun line 214 and the second curved balun line 224 can be further increased.
  • the feed unit 2 also includes sequential The bent balun wire 227 is electrically connected to the second feed terminal 221 , the third feed connection point 222 , and the fourth feed connection point 223 .
  • the surface where the second feeding terminal 221 is located is different from the surface where the third feeding connection point 222 and the fourth feeding connection point 223 are located.
  • the surface where the first metal layer 3 is located, the surface where the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 are located, and the surface where the second feed terminal 221 is located are arranged in sequence.
  • the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 are arranged along the second direction.
  • the second feed end 221 and the third feed connection point 222 are arranged along the Z-axis direction, and are electrically connected to the third feed connection point 222 .
  • the space occupied by the second feeding unit 2 in the X-Y plane is relatively small.
  • the first feed connection point 212 , the second feed connection point 213 , the third feed connection point 222 , and the fourth feed connection point 223 are coplanarly arranged.
  • the first feeding arm 21 and a part of the second feeding unit 2 can be arranged in the same plane.
  • the antenna unit can be further reduced.
  • the thickness of 10 (or the antenna module 100) further promotes the low profile of the tightly coupled antenna, which is better applied to the 5G frequency band.
  • the bent balun wire 227 includes a third transmission line 225 extending along the second direction and a fourth transmission line 226 extending along the thickness direction.
  • the third transmission line 225 is electrically connected to the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 .
  • the fourth transmission line 226 is electrically connected to the third feeding connection point 222 and the second feeding end 221 .
  • the third transmission line 225 is coplanar with the first arc-shaped balun line 214 , and the fourth transmission line 226 intersects the plane where the third transmission line 225 and the first arc-shaped balun line 214 are located.
  • the fourth transmission line 226 is perpendicular to the plane where the third transmission line 225 and the first arc-shaped balun line 214 are located.
  • the third transmission line 225 includes, but is not limited to, an arc, a bent line, a straight line, and the like.
  • the third transmission line 225 is a straight line.
  • the third feed connection point 222 and the fourth feed connection point 223 can be located inside the first arc-shaped balun line 214 to make full use of the space inside the first arc-shaped balun line 214 and reduce the size of the first arc-shaped balun line 214.
  • the length of the bent balun line 227 may be the same or different from that of the first arcuate balun line 214, and the width of the third transmission line 225 may be different or different from that of the first arcuate balun line.
  • the balun wire of the first feeding arm 21 is an arc-shaped balun wire, such as a 3/4 arc-shaped balun wire.
  • the balun wire of the second feed unit 2 is L-shaped.
  • the bent balun line 227 includes at least one of microstrip line or stripline.
  • the antenna unit 10 further includes a second metal layer 4 disposed opposite to the first metal layer 3 along the thickness direction.
  • the first feeding arm 21 and part of the second feeding arm 22 are arranged between the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4, and are connected to the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4.
  • the second metal layers 4 are all insulated.
  • this implementation can further reduce the number of metal layers provided while ensuring good feeding of the dual-polarized dipole radiating oscillator, further The thickness of the antenna unit 10 (or the antenna module 100 ) is reduced to a minimum, which further promotes the low profile of the tightly coupled antenna, and is better applied to the 5G frequency band.
  • first arc-shaped balun wire 214 and the bent balun wire 227 may also be arranged in different layers.
  • the first arc-shaped balun wire 214 is disposed between the layer where the bent balun wire 227 is located and the first metal layer 3 .
  • the bent balun wire 227 is disposed between the layer where the second arc-shaped balun wire 224 is located and the first metal layer 3 .
  • this embodiment is first described by taking the radiation unit 1 of the antenna unit 10 as an example including two pairs of dipole radiation elements arranged orthogonally.
  • a pair of first radiation arms 111 are defined as a first radiation oscillator 111a and a second radiation oscillator 111b respectively.
  • the pair of second radiating arms 112 are respectively the third radiating oscillator 112a and the fourth radiating oscillator 112b.
  • Radiating elements 1 between adjacent antenna elements 10 are capacitively coupled.
  • the radiation unit 1 is also capacitively coupled with the first metal layer 3 to form a tightly coupled array antenna 20 .
  • the radiating arm 11 (the radiating arm 11 is a radiating oscillator) includes a main radiating arm 113 and at least one conductive patch 114 .
  • the at least one layer of conductive patch 114 is located between the surface where the main radiation arm 113 is located and the first metal layer 3 .
  • the application does not specifically limit the number of layers of the conductive patch 114 .
  • the multi-layer conductive patches 114 are arranged along the Z-axis direction and arranged at intervals, and the orthographic projections in the Z-axis direction overlap at least partially to form capacitive coupling.
  • the surface where the main radiating arm 113 is located, the at least one conductive patch 114 and the first metal layer 3 are sequentially arranged along the Z-axis direction, and an insulating dielectric layer is arranged between adjacent layers.
  • the orthographic projection of the main radiating arm 113 in the Z-axis direction at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the conductive patch 114 in the Z-axis direction.
  • the conductive patch 114 partially overlaps with the main radiation arm 113 . Further, the conductive patch 114 is directly opposite to the end of the main radiation arm 113 away from the symmetrical center of the feeding unit 2 .
  • the conductive patch 114 is coupled to the main radiation arm 113 .
  • the conductive patch 114 is coupled or directly electrically connected to the first metal layer 3 .
  • the conductive patch 114 is capacitively coupled or directly electrically connected to the main radiation arm 113 .
  • the conductive patch 114 is capacitively coupled to the first metal layer 3 .
  • the bandwidth of the tightly coupled array antenna 20 is widened by disposing the conductive patch 114 between the main radiation arm 113 and the first metal layer 3 , and the three are sequentially coupled and connected in the Z-axis direction.
  • the number of the conductive patches 114 is two layers. Wherein, one layer of the conductive patch 114 is capacitively coupled to the main radiating arm 113 , and the other layer of the conductive patch 114 is electrically connected to the first metal layer 3 through the first conductive via 35 . Capacitive coupling between the two layers of conductive patches 114 .
  • the four radiating oscillators are centrally symmetrical.
  • the first feeding point 101 is the feeding point on the first radiating oscillator 111a
  • the second feeding point 102 is the feeding point on the second radiating oscillator 111b
  • the third feeding point 103 is the feeding point on the third radiating oscillator 112a.
  • the feeding point, the fourth feeding point 104 is the feeding point on the fourth radiating oscillator 112b.
  • the first feeding point 101 , the second feeding point 102 , the third feeding point 103 and the fourth feeding point 104 are all arranged close to the symmetrical center of the radiation unit 1 .
  • the shape of the radiation oscillator includes but is not limited to a square, a circle, a triangle, or a shape containing a square, a circle, or a triangle.
  • the shape of the radiation oscillator is symmetrical with respect to the X-axis.
  • the shape of the radiation oscillator is symmetrical about the Y-axis.
  • the end of the radiation oscillator close to the center of symmetry is semicircular, and the end of the radiation oscillator away from the center of symmetry is rectangular.
  • some main radiation arms 113 of some antenna units 10 are located in the middle position and have other main radiation arms 113 coupled thereto, but some main radiation arms 113 are located at the edge position and are not coupled thereto other main radiation arms 113.
  • the main radiating arm 113 coupled with the main radiating arm 113 in the adjacent antenna unit 10 is the first main radiating arm 113 a.
  • the main radiation arm 113 not coupled with the main radiation arm 113 in the adjacent antenna unit 10 is the second main radiation arm 113b.
  • the coupling environment of the first main radiation arm 113a is different from the coupling environment of the second main radiation arm 113b.
  • the radiation unit 1 includes three second main radiation arms 113b and one first main radiation arm 113a. In the antenna unit 10 located in the middle position, the radiation unit 1 includes two second main radiation arms 113b and two first main radiation arms 113a.
  • the second main radiation arm 113b includes a first main radiation patch 115 and a first coupling patch 116 that are coplanar and spaced apart.
  • the first coupling patch 116 is disposed on a side of the first main radiation patch 115 away from the symmetry center of the radiation unit 1 .
  • the first coupling patch 116 is coupled to the first main radiation patch 115 .
  • an end of the first main radiation patch 115 close to the center of symmetry is a semicircle, and an end of the first main radiation patch 115 away from the center of symmetry is a rectangle.
  • the first coupling patch 116 is generally rectangular.
  • the conductive patch 114 is opposite to the first coupling patch 116 at the end of the first main radiation patch 115 away from the symmetry center of the feeding unit 2 .
  • the coupling effect of the antenna unit 10 at the edge position is often not as good as that of the antenna unit 10 at the middle position.
  • the first coupling patch 116 is coupled with the first main radiation patch 115.
  • the first coupling patch 116 is set on the same layer as the first main radiation patch 115, which can complement the coupling environment of the first main radiation patch 115, provide capacitive coupling for the first main radiation patch 115, and make the
  • the first main radiation patch 115 also has a relatively good coupling environment, so as to widen the bandwidth, increase the gain, and improve the characteristics of the antenna unit 10 located at the edge of the tightly coupled array antenna 20 .
  • the first main radiation patch 115 has a first edge 115a.
  • the first coupling patch 116 has a second edge 116a.
  • the first edge 115a is opposite to the second edge 116a and arranged at intervals.
  • the first edge 115a is provided with at least one first notch portion 1151 and at least one first protruding portion 1152 .
  • the second edge 116a is provided with at least one second notch 1161 and at least one second protrusion 1162 . Part of the second protruding portion 1162 protrudes into the first notch portion 1151 .
  • the first protruding portion extends into the second notch 1161 .
  • the first edge 115a of the first main radiating patch 115 and the second edge 116a of the first coupling radiating patch are arranged to be interdigitated but not in contact with each other.
  • the interdigitated coupling method can increase the current path of the first main radiation patch 115 and the first coupled radiation patch, thereby lengthening the electrical length of the radiation unit 1 , thereby widening the bandwidth and increasing the gain.
  • the present application does not specifically limit the number of the first notches 1151 , the number of the first protrusions 1152 , the number of the second protrusions 1162 and the number of the second notches 1161 .
  • the first protrusion 1152 may extend along the X-axis direction, or first extend along the X-axis direction and then extend along the Y-axis direction, or extend in other oblique directions.
  • the first protruding portion 1152 may be straight, L-shaped, or inverted T-shaped.
  • the shape of the second notch 1161 matches the shape of the first protruding portion 1152 .
  • the second protruding portion 1162 may extend along the X-axis direction, or first extend along the X-axis direction and then extend along the Y-axis direction, or extend in other oblique directions.
  • the second protruding portion 1162 may be straight, L-shaped, or inverted T-shaped.
  • the shape of the first notch 1151 matches the shape of the second protruding portion 1162 .
  • the edge of the second main radiation arm 113b is provided with a groove 1131 .
  • the present application does not specifically limit the shape of the groove 1131 .
  • the shape of the groove 1131 includes but not limited to rectangle, semicircle and so on.
  • the present application does not specifically limit the position and quantity of the grooves 1131 .
  • the number of grooves 1131 is two.
  • the two grooves 1131 are arranged along the X-axis direction, that is, arranged symmetrically with respect to the Y-axis direction, so that the second main radiating arm 113b is arranged symmetrically along the Y-axis direction.
  • the current path on the second main radiating arm 113b can be changed, thereby suppressing surface waves, enhancing radiation characteristics, and improving gain , to widen the bandwidth.
  • the antenna unit 10 further includes a second coupling patch 117 .
  • the second coupling patch 117 and the second main radiation arm 113b are located at different layers and opposite to each other.
  • the second coupling patch 117 may be located on the same layer as the conductive patch 114 but arranged at intervals, and the second coupling patch 117 is located between the conductive patch 114 and the central symmetry axis of the radiation unit 1 .
  • the second main radiation arm 113b is electrically connected to the second coupling patch 117 through a second conductive via.
  • the second coupling patch 117 is arc-shaped. The arc center of the second coupling patch 117 is located on the side where the central symmetry axis of the radiation unit 1 is located.
  • the second main radiating arm 113b is electrically connected to the second coupling patch 117 through the second conductive via hole 118 to change the current path and guide the current path, thereby realizing the suppression of surface waves, which can enhance radiation characteristics and improve Gain, broadening the bandwidth.
  • the present application does not specifically limit the number of the second conductive vias 118 .
  • the number of the second conductive vias 118 may be multiple (for example, three), and the multiple second conductive vias 118 are arranged along the extending direction of the second coupling patch 117 .
  • the second coupling patch 117 may not be provided, and the second main radiation arm 113b is electrically connected to the first metal layer 3 through the second conductive via 118 to suppress surface waves.
  • drilling a circle of metal through holes around the antenna unit 10 can also suppress surface wave energy and increase the impedance of the surface structure.
  • the first radiation arm 111 and the second radiation arm 112 may be disposed on the same layer or on different layers.
  • the thickness of the tightly coupled array antenna 20 can be further reduced.
  • the central working frequency is 30 GHz.
  • the total thickness of the tightly coupled array antenna 20 is 0.186 times the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency.
  • the upper layer of the array antenna 20 board is an insulating dielectric layer between the lowermost conductive patch 114 and the layer where the radiation unit 1 is located.
  • the central layer of the array antenna 20 board is an insulating dielectric layer between the bottom conductive patch 114 and the first metal layer 3 .
  • the lower layer of the array antenna 20 is an insulating dielectric layer between the first metal layer 3 and the third metal layer 5 .
  • Figure 21 shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit 10 in the y-polarization direction. It can be seen from Figure 21 that the frequency band in which the standing wave ratio in the y-polarization direction is less than 3 is 22.97 GHz to 46.4 GHz, and the antenna covers 5G millimeter wave work. Channel 24.75GHz ⁇ 27.5GHz, 37GHz ⁇ 42.5GHz. It can effectively support 5G millimeter wave work.
  • Antenna voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is an important index to measure the feeding efficiency of antenna; the smaller the VSWR, the less reflection and the better the matching, and the VSWR is less than 3 as a smaller standard.
  • the array antenna 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application controls the VSWR to a lower value, and the antenna matching is better.
  • Figure 22 shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit 10 in the x-polarization direction. It can be seen from Figure 22 that the frequency band in which the standing wave ratio in the x-polarization direction is less than 3 is 23.83GHz to 48.39GHz, and the antenna covers 5G millimeter waves.
  • FIG. 23 is a gain pattern diagram of the E plane and the H plane of the antenna unit 10 at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the antenna is along the Z axis, so the theta angle range is selected as -180° ⁇ 180°, and the selection of the phi angle corresponds to different surfaces. It is H side.
  • the E surface is the Z-Y surface; the H surface is the X-Y surface. It can be seen that the antenna unit 10 has a stable wide radiation beam characteristic in a wide frequency band in the y-polarization direction.
  • the gain pattern has no distortion, so it is said that it has a stable wide radiation beam, and a stable wide radiation beam means that the antenna has better directivity and stability.
  • the coordinates on the left in Figure 23 correspond to the magnitude of the achievable gain.
  • the dotted and solid lines in Fig. 23 represent the E plane and the H plane, respectively.
  • Fig. 24 is the gain pattern of the E plane and the H plane of the antenna unit 10 at the highest operating frequency of 43 GHz. It can be seen that the antenna unit 10 has a stable wide radiation beam characteristic in a wide frequency band in the x-polarization direction.
  • Figure 25 shows the maximum radiation pattern gain of the y-polarization changing with frequency when the scan angle of the array antenna 20 is 0°. It can be seen that the antenna can achieve a gain greater than 7.5dB in the working frequency band, and it can be seen that the y-polarization works in good shape.
  • Fig. 26 is the maximum radiation pattern of x-polarization changing with frequency when the scan angle of array antenna 20 is 0°. It can be seen that the antenna can achieve a gain greater than 10.45dB in the working frequency band, and it can be seen that the x-polarization working state good.
  • Fig. 31 is the gain pattern of the E plane and the H plane of the antenna unit 10 at the lowest operating frequency of 24GHz. It can be seen that the polarization direction of the antenna unit 10y has a stable wide radiation beam characteristic in a wide frequency band.
  • Fig. 32 is the gain pattern of the E plane and the H plane of the antenna unit 10 at the lowest operating frequency of 24 GHz. It can be seen that the antenna unit 10 has a stable wide radiation beam characteristic in a wide frequency band in the x-polarization direction.
  • This application aims at the problems of large number of feed ends, large size, and high profile in the feed structure used by conventional tightly coupled antennas.
  • a planar balun feed mode two polarized baluns are connected through strip lines.
  • the current of a pair of radiating arms 11 is equal in amplitude and in phase, and at the same time dual-polarization feeding is realized, the number of feeding ends is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the miniaturization is realized, and the small size of the tightly coupled antenna is realized under the limitation of the space of the mobile phone.
  • millimeter-wave antenna array Minimize the size of the millimeter-wave antenna array with a low profile, save terminal space, and facilitate the thinning of the terminal; at the same time, a tightly-coupled millimeter-wave antenna array with wide bandwidth, wide angle, wide scanning and high gain can be realized to improve the communication performance of millimeter-wave terminals.
  • the present application also improves the form of the radiation unit 1 of the array antenna 20, by designing the dipole patch (the first main radiation patch 115) at the edge of the array to be coupled with the first coupling patch 116 to compensate for the The coupling environment of the dipole patch at the edge of the array, by designing the dipole patch (the first main radiation patch 115) and the first coupling patch 116 at the edge of the array to be interdigitated, the current of the antenna can be increased path, so as to lengthen the electrical length of the radiation unit 1; semicircular grooves are set on both sides of the dipole patch in the middle of the array, and the middle dipole patch is connected to the semicircular arc coupling patch to change the surface current of the radiation unit 1 path, suppress surface waves, and improve antenna performance.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

La présente demande concerne un module d'antenne et un dispositif électronique. Le module d'antenne comprend une pluralité d'antennes unitaires qui sont agencées en un réseau. L'antenne unitaire comprend : une unité de rayonnement qui comprend au moins une paire de bras de rayonnement, chaque bras de rayonnement étant pourvu d'un point d'alimentation ; et une unité d'alimentation, qui est située sur une couche différente de celle de l'unité de rayonnement, est disposée à l'opposé de l'unité de rayonnement et comprend au moins un premier bras d'alimentation. Le bras d'alimentation comprend une première extrémité d'alimentation, un premier point de connexion d'alimentation, un second point de connexion d'alimentation, ainsi qu'une première ligne de symétriseur d'antenne en forme d'arc qui est électriquement connectée séquentiellement à la première extrémité d'alimentation, au premier point de connexion d'alimentation et au second point de connexion d'alimentation, le premier point de connexion d'alimentation et le second point de connexion d'alimentation étant disposés de manière coplanaire, et le premier point de connexion d'alimentation et le second point de connexion d'alimentation étant respectivement connectés électriquement à deux points d'alimentation d'une paire de bras de rayonnement. Au moyen du module d'antenne et du dispositif électronique fournis dans la présente demande, la taille du module d'antenne est réduite et les performances du module d'antenne sont assurées.
PCT/CN2022/139020 2021-12-14 2022-12-14 Module d'antenne et dispositif électronique WO2023109868A1 (fr)

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CN103326132A (zh) * 2013-05-22 2013-09-25 北京航空航天大学 功率等分旋转馈电的16单元微带阵列天线
CN107611593A (zh) * 2017-07-13 2018-01-19 佛山市顺德区中山大学研究院 带耦合枝节的多频宽带偶极子天线
CN110649366A (zh) * 2019-09-20 2020-01-03 维沃移动通信有限公司 一种天线和电子设备
CN112864617A (zh) * 2021-01-12 2021-05-28 西安电子科技大学 5g毫米波双极化宽带宽角紧耦合阵列天线
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6114997A (en) * 1998-05-27 2000-09-05 Raytheon Company Low-profile, integrated radiator tiles for wideband, dual-linear and circular-polarized phased array applications
CN103326132A (zh) * 2013-05-22 2013-09-25 北京航空航天大学 功率等分旋转馈电的16单元微带阵列天线
CN107611593A (zh) * 2017-07-13 2018-01-19 佛山市顺德区中山大学研究院 带耦合枝节的多频宽带偶极子天线
CN110649366A (zh) * 2019-09-20 2020-01-03 维沃移动通信有限公司 一种天线和电子设备
CN113594687A (zh) * 2020-04-30 2021-11-02 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 天线模组及电子设备
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117832878A (zh) * 2024-01-12 2024-04-05 江苏赛博空间科学技术有限公司 一种用于宽角扫描的双极化曲线紧耦合相控阵天线

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