WO2022176208A1 - Procédé de génération de lumière prédéterminée, procédé d'utilisation de lumière prédéterminée, procédé de fourniture de service utilisant une lumière prédéterminée, procédé de mesure/imagerie, élément de conversion de caractéristiques optiques, unité source lumineuse, unité de mesure, dispositif d'observation, dispositif d'utilisation de lumière prédéterminée et système de fourniture de service - Google Patents

Procédé de génération de lumière prédéterminée, procédé d'utilisation de lumière prédéterminée, procédé de fourniture de service utilisant une lumière prédéterminée, procédé de mesure/imagerie, élément de conversion de caractéristiques optiques, unité source lumineuse, unité de mesure, dispositif d'observation, dispositif d'utilisation de lumière prédéterminée et système de fourniture de service Download PDF

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WO2022176208A1
WO2022176208A1 PCT/JP2021/006685 JP2021006685W WO2022176208A1 WO 2022176208 A1 WO2022176208 A1 WO 2022176208A1 JP 2021006685 W JP2021006685 W JP 2021006685W WO 2022176208 A1 WO2022176208 A1 WO 2022176208A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
optical
optical path
region
conversion element
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PCT/JP2021/006685
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
雄貴 遠藤
秀夫 安東
智 早田
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株式会社 ジャパンセル
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Application filed by 株式会社 ジャパンセル filed Critical 株式会社 ジャパンセル
Priority to PCT/JP2021/006685 priority Critical patent/WO2022176208A1/fr
Priority to PCT/JP2022/001156 priority patent/WO2022176466A1/fr
Priority to JP2023500635A priority patent/JPWO2022176466A1/ja
Publication of WO2022176208A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022176208A1/fr
Priority to US18/341,902 priority patent/US20230341263A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/10—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0218—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using optical fibers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence

Definitions

  • This embodiment relates to the technical field of controlling the characteristics of light itself, the application field using light, or the service provision field using light.
  • the characteristics of light itself are not limited to wavelength characteristics, intensity distribution characteristics, and phase distribution characteristics (including wave front characteristics), but are known to have various attributes such as directivity and coherence.
  • application fields using light there are also known application fields using imaging technology in which an imaging device is arranged at the image forming position of the target object, and the application field using the spectral characteristic measurement technology of the target object to be measured.
  • application fields such as imaging spectrum, which combines the above-mentioned imaging technology and spectral characteristic measurement technology, have recently been developed.
  • there are other fields of application that utilize the measurement results of the amount of light reflected, transmitted, absorbed, and scattered, or their temporal changes.
  • service provision field using light there is a known technical field in which services are provided to users by utilizing the information obtained in the application field using light.
  • service providing methods that utilize light as means for providing services to users, such as visualization display and laser processing.
  • a predetermined light utilization device and service providing system may be provided.
  • a first light having a first optical characteristic is formed along a first optical path
  • a second light having a second optical characteristic is formed along a second optical path
  • the first light and the second light are formed.
  • Light is combined to form a predetermined light.
  • at least part of the first optical path and the second optical path are different, and the first optical characteristic and the second optical characteristic are different.
  • an optical characteristic conversion element having a spatial structure capable of generating a predetermined light by synthesizing the first light and the second light with different optical characteristics from the second light having the characteristic. to form the predetermined light.
  • a light source unit, a measuring unit, a measuring device, and a device using predetermined light may be configured using the optical characteristic conversion element.
  • the method/equipment using the predetermined light it may be applied to imaging or measurement/measurement, or the information obtained there may be used to provide services/construct a system.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of an overview of the entire system.
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the relationship of optical properties required (desired) in various application fields.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the basic principle of optical processing in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the optical characteristics to be operated/controlled and the locations of the operations/controls in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 5A is an illustration of an embodiment for manipulating/controlling the light intensity distribution at or near the collection plane/imaging plane.
  • FIG. 5B is an illustration of an embodiment that manipulates/controls the light intensity distribution in the far area.
  • FIG. 6A is an illustration of one embodiment for manipulating/controlling phase characteristics at or near the collection/imaging plane.
  • FIG. 6B is an illustration of another embodiment for manipulating/controlling phase characteristics at or near the collection/imaging plane.
  • FIG. 6C is an explanatory diagram of an example of a method of generating a phase difference using a difference in optical paths within a photosynthesis site.
  • FIG. 6D is an illustration of an embodiment that produces aberrations in the far field.
  • FIG. 7A is an illustration of an embodiment for manipulating/controlling phase lock characteristics in the far field.
  • FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of an optical property conversion element for manipulating/controlling phase synchronization properties.
  • FIG. 7C is a diagram illustrating an application example of an optical characteristic conversion element that manipulates/controls phase synchronization characteristics.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the principle by which the optical path length conversion element manipulates/controls the phase synchronization characteristic.
  • FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the effect of reducing noise in the spectral characteristics of the optical path length conversion element.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the principle of generation of multiple wave trains with different phases when passing through a diffusion plate.
  • FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the coherence reduction effect when the phase synchronization characteristic and the operation/control of the phase characteristic are used together.
  • FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the speckle noise reduction effect of laser light when the phase synchronization characteristic and the operation/control of the phase characteristic are used together.
  • FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an evaluation method when the operation/control of the phase synchronization characteristic or the operation/control of the phase characteristic is performed.
  • FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an evaluation method when the phase characteristic is manipulated/controlled.
  • FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing another evaluation method when the phase characteristic is manipulated/controlled.
  • FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a detailed optical arrangement example in the light source section.
  • FIG. 17A is an explanatory diagram of a structural example within an optical characteristic conversion block that is arranged in the middle of an optical path and converts the optical characteristic.
  • FIG. 17B is an explanatory diagram of an application example of the internal structure of the optical characteristic conversion block arranged in the middle of the optical path to convert the optical characteristic.
  • FIG. 17A is an explanatory diagram of a structural example within an optical characteristic conversion block that is arranged in the middle of an optical path and converts the optical characteristic.
  • FIG. 17B is an explanatory diagram of an
  • FIG. 18A is an explanatory diagram showing absorbance characteristics of glucose dissolved in water.
  • FIG. 18B is an explanatory diagram showing absorbance characteristics of single glucose.
  • FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram for comparing relative absorbance characteristics of water/silk/polyethylene.
  • FIG. 20A shows an explanatory example of a measurement state for measuring characteristics of a subject.
  • FIG. 20B shows an enlarged view of the measurement area when measuring subject characteristics.
  • FIG. 20C is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the measurement locations within the measurement region and the spectral characteristics obtained therefrom.
  • FIG. 20D is an explanatory diagram of the measurement method for the entire two-dimensional area of the measurement target.
  • FIG. 20A shows absorbance characteristics of glucose dissolved in water.
  • FIG. 18B is an explanatory diagram showing absorbance characteristics of single glucose.
  • FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram for comparing relative absorbance characteristics of water/silk/polyethylene.
  • FIG. 20A shows an explanatory example
  • FIG. 20E is an explanatory diagram of a method for measuring a three-dimensional area to be measured including the depth direction;
  • FIG. 20F is an explanatory diagram showing detection accuracy in the depth direction in the three-dimensional area measuring method.
  • FIG. 21A is a diagram explaining the principle of a measurement method combining spectrometry and imaging.
  • FIG. 21B is an explanatory diagram of image formation directions in a measurement method combining spectrometry and imaging.
  • FIG. 22A is an explanatory diagram of a high-level hierarchical structure of a service providing platform that combines spectrometry and imaging.
  • FIG. 22B is an explanatory diagram of an example of the internal configuration of the data processing block located in the lower hierarchy of the service providing platform that combines spectroscopic measurement and imaging.
  • FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a procedure from collection of data cube signals through analysis to service provision.
  • FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram showing an application example of this embodiment.
  • FIG. 25 is
  • FIG. 1 shows a system used in this embodiment.
  • Light emitted from the light source unit 2 is applied to the object 20 via the light propagation path 6 .
  • the light obtained from this object 20 is again incident on the measuring section 8 via the optical propagation path 6 .
  • the light emitted from the light source section 2 may directly enter the measurement section 8 via the light propagation path 6 .
  • the light emitted from the light source section 2 may reach the display section 18 via the light propagation path 6, and the display section 18 may display predetermined information.
  • the measuring device 12 in this embodiment is composed of the light source unit 2, the measuring unit 8, and the in-system control unit 50.
  • an application field (various optical application fields) matching unit 60 exists outside the measuring device 12 .
  • Each of the sections 62 to 76 in the application field (various optical application fields) matching section 60 can individually exchange information with the intra-system control section 50 .
  • the information obtained as a result of measurement by the measurement unit 4 and the parts 62 to 76 in the application field (various optical application fields) matching unit 60 are used in cooperation to provide services to users.
  • the service providing system 14 in this embodiment is composed of the measuring device 12, the application field (various optical application field) adapting unit 60, and the external system 16, and is configured to provide all kinds of services to users.
  • the rest of the service providing system 14 except for the external system 16 functions independently as the light utilization device 10 .
  • the optical application field 100 applied as the present embodiment has multiple meanings as shown in FIG. However, not limited to this, all application fields 100 related to light in some way (including display using light) are covered by the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 shows a list of optical property contents 102 required (desired) for each optical application field 100 .
  • this embodiment can meet the required (desired) optical property content 102 enclosed in a rectangular frame.
  • FIG. 3 shows the basic principle of optical action in this embodiment. That is, a first light 202 having a first optical property is formed in a first optical path 222 and a second light 204 having a second optical property is formed in a second optical path 224 . The first light 202 and the second light 204 are then combined in the light combining location 220 to form the predetermined light 230 .
  • the first optical path 222 and the second optical path 224 are located at different spatial locations.
  • the first optical characteristic of the first light 202 and the second optical characteristic of the second light 204 are different from each other.
  • the third light 206 having the third optical characteristic may be formed in the third optical path 226 without being limited thereto. At least a portion of this third optical path 226 may then be located at a different spatial location than the first optical path 222 and the second optical path 224 .
  • wave front division is applied to the initial light 200.
  • Each light 202-206 may be individually extracted. That is, mutually different locations on the light cross section of the incident initial light 200 (a plane obtained by cutting the light flux formed by the initial light 200 along a plane perpendicular to the traveling direction of the initial light 200) or on the wave front of the initial light 200 , to extract each light 202-206 individually.
  • the optical property conversion element 210 used in this embodiment includes a first region 212 and a second region 214 that are different from each other. And the operating/control parameters 280 characterizing each region 212, 214 are different from each other. Therefore, the first light 202 after passing through the first region 212 and the second light 204 after passing through the second region 214 have different optical characteristics. Further, the optical property conversion element 210 has a spatial structure that facilitates the synthesis of the first light 202 and the second light 204 to form the predetermined light 230 at the light synthesis location 220 .
  • the spatial structure that facilitates the formation of the predetermined light 230 by synthesizing the first light 202 and the second light 204
  • the incident initial light 200 is wavefront-divided into the light beams 202 and 204.
  • a spatial structure may be adopted in which the first region 212 is arranged in a predetermined region within a beam cross section obtained by cutting the beam along a plane perpendicular to the traveling direction of the incident initial light 200 .
  • a spatial structure is adopted in which the second area 214 is arranged in another area within the beam cross section.
  • the initial light 200 may be subjected to amplitude division or intensity division.
  • a third region 216 may be further provided in the optical characteristic conversion element 210, and the structure may be such that the third light 206 passing through this third region 216 can be extracted.
  • the optical operation place 240 in FIG. 3 includes the object 20 in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a list of optical characteristics 252 to be operated/controlled by the optical characteristic conversion element 210 described in FIG. 3, and an arrangement location 258 of the optical characteristic conversion element 210 in this embodiment.
  • the optical properties 252 to be operated/controlled by the optical property conversion element 210 will be described first.
  • the optical properties 252 to be operated/controlled by the optical property conversion element 210 are "light quantity distribution in the luminous flux cross section of the initial light 200". , "phase or wavefront properties within the beam cross-section of the initial light 200", and "phase synchronization properties between wave elements contained within the manipulated/controlled beam”. Examples 270 of the optical property conversion element 210 corresponding to each classification 260 and operation/control parameters 280 for each example are described below.
  • the incident initial light 200 is wavefront-divided or amplitude-divided/light-quantity-divided, and the optical characteristic is manipulated by changing the parameter 280 to be manipulated/controlled for each light after division. Or control.
  • a slit or a pinhole whose transmittance or reflectance changes discretely is used as a specific optical characteristic conversion element 210 for manipulating/controlling the light amount distribution in the luminous flux cross section of the initial light 200, the pitch ), slit width, and pinhole size to manipulate/control the optical characteristics.
  • the gradation characteristics of the transmittance and reflectance are manipulated/controlled.
  • the mode of light propagating in the waveguide may be manipulated/controlled by manipulating/controlling the light intensity distribution of the light entering the waveguide (see FIG. 5B for this specific example). (to be described later).
  • the transmittance or the light intensity distribution control value after reflection may be operated/controlled.
  • the averaged surface roughness "Ra” Not limited to the average pitch "Pa” of the unevenness of the surface, the ratio of the vertical amplitude to the period and the period in the plane direction for each predetermined Fourier component obtained when the surface unevenness is subjected to the Fourier transform etc. may be operated/controlled.
  • Diffraction gratings and holograms are often composed of two planes parallel to each other (blazed grating: one plane has an inclination) forming a top surface and a bottom surface, respectively.
  • blazed grating one plane has an inclination
  • the results of the theoretical analysis described in Chapter 3 imply that the effect of reducing optical noise and coherence improves as the number of planar stages increases.
  • the optical design of the condenser lens may be changed or the bending direction of the condenser lens may be changed. It is also known that placing a parallel plate with a large thickness in the middle of the light convergence path causes spherical aberration, and placing an inclined plate or a non-parallel plate causes coma aberration. . Therefore, the optical characteristics can be manipulated/controlled by changing the thickness of the parallel plate, the tilt angle, and the angle between the planes in the non-parallel plate.
  • a step plate having a step "t” in the luminous flux cross section of the initial light 200 is arranged in the middle of the optical path, an optical path length difference of "(n-1)t” is generated.
  • "n” represents the refractive index of the step plate.
  • a phase difference corresponding to this optical path length difference is generated.
  • the optical characteristics can be manipulated/controlled by changing the step on the surface of the stepped plate (the thickness step of the flat plate).
  • phase characteristics wavefront characteristics
  • An optical path length changer can be used as the optical property changer 210 to manipulate/control the phase lock characteristics, as will be described in detail later in Section 3 with reference to FIG.
  • it is desirable that the optical path length generated in the optical path length conversion element is longer than the coherence length described later in Equation (1).
  • the arrangement location 258 of the optical property conversion element 210 described above in this embodiment it is on the light converging plane, the image pattern forming plane, the aperture plane, or It may be placed in the near field 170 . In addition, as another embodiment, it may be arranged in a far field 180 positioned far from the light collecting plane or the imaging plane.
  • a Fraunhofer diffraction area far away from the condensing plane, imaging plane, or aperture plane is called a far area 180 .
  • a neighboring area an area closer than the Fresnel diffraction area located nearer to it.
  • the diameter of the beam cross section of the initial light 200 or the length of one side of the square aperture is defined as "D", and the beam propagation direction of the initial light 200 is taken as the "z-axis”.
  • a specific wavelength included in the initial light 200 is represented by " ⁇ 0 ".
  • the range of "-D 2 / ⁇ 0 ⁇ z ⁇ +D 2 / ⁇ 0 " is said to be the Fresnel diffraction region. Therefore, in this embodiment as well, the above range is defined as the neighboring region 170 .
  • >+D 2 / ⁇ 0 " is known as the Fraunhofer diffraction region. Therefore, in this embodiment as well, the above range is defined as the distant region 180 .
  • the present embodiment is based on the premise that the measurement unit 8 is capable of measurement. Therefore, in this embodiment, the upper limit value of the distant area 180 is also defined.
  • the range of the far area 180 is desirably "D2/ ⁇ 0 ⁇
  • the "far area 180" includes not only the above numerical range but also the position near the pupil plane of the condenser lens or near the aperture plane of the condenser lens.
  • FIG. 5A shows a specific example embodiment corresponding to embodiment "N01" in the list of FIG. That is, in FIG. 5A, a slit arranged on the condensing plane or on the imaging plane/aperture plane or its vicinity 170 is used as the optical characteristic conversion element 210 to operate/control the light quantity distribution here.
  • a light transmission region within this slit corresponds to the first region 212 .
  • a light-shielding region within the slit corresponds to the second region 214 .
  • light transmission through the slit (first region) is used to selectively extract the first light 202-1 to -3 in the initial light 200 towards the photosynthesis site 220.
  • partial reflection of light may be used to selectively extract light toward the photosynthesis site 220 .
  • the first lights 202-1 to -3 that have passed through each first region 212 become parallel lights after passing through the collimator lens 318.
  • a region before and after passing through the collimating lens 318 is used as a light combining place 220 .
  • Each of the first lights 202 - 1 to -3 synthesized at this light synthesis location 220 forms the predetermined light 230 .
  • FIG. 5A shows a combination of a spectroscopic element (blazed grating) 320, a condenser lens 314, and an imaging element 300 for a hyper spectral camera used in the field of imaging spectroscopy. It constitutes an imaging unit.
  • the imaging lens 310 or the optical characteristic conversion element 210 (slit) is movable 322 in the X direction. The measurement technique using this imaging spectroscopy will be described later in detail with reference to FIGS. 21A and 21B.
  • optical operation place 240 embodiment when using the specific embodiment example corresponding to the embodiment "N01" is not limited to FIG. Embodiments of the optical manipulation location 240 can be employed for any given application.
  • FIG. 5B shows a specific example embodiment corresponding to embodiment “F02” in the listing of FIG. That is, in FIG. 5B, the optical characteristic conversion element 210 is arranged in the far area 180 to operate/control the intensity distribution (light amount distribution) of the luminous flux section obtained by cutting the initial light 200 along a plane perpendicular to the traveling direction.
  • the first region 212 in the optical characteristic conversion element 210 does not block light (has a light transmittance of approximately "100%"), the initial light 200 passing through the first region 212 travels straight.
  • the third region 216 since the light transmittance is set to approximately "0%”, the initial light 200 reaching there is blocked. Furthermore, in the second region 214, the light transmittance varies depending on the passing location.
  • the intensity distribution of the convergent light 218 obtained after condensing by the condenser lens 314 is changed from the intensity distribution of (a) to the intensity distribution of (b) by inserting the optical characteristic conversion element 210 having the above characteristics. can be changed to
  • the converging light position 218 of the condensing lens 314 is aligned with the entrance surface of the optical fiber (waveguide) 330, the light amount distribution in the optical fiber (waveguide) 330 is manipulated/controlled by the optical characteristic conversion element 210 described above. It is possible to optimize the mode control of the light propagating through.
  • an example of the optical propagation path 6 (FIG. 1) is configured by combining the optical fiber (waveguide) 330 and the measurement unit 8.
  • the optical operation place 240 embodiment when using the specific embodiment example corresponding to the embodiment "F02" is not limited to FIG.
  • Embodiments of the optical manipulation location 240 can be employed for any given application.
  • FIG. 6A(a) shows a specific embodiment example corresponding to the embodiment "N11" in the list of FIG. That is, in FIG. 6A(a), a diffusion plate is arranged as an optical characteristic conversion element 210 at the position (on the condensing plane or on the imaging plane) of the converged light 218 of the initial light 200 condensed by the condensing lens 314, Manipulate/control the phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics) for the light 218 .
  • the first/second lights 202 and 204 that have passed through this diffusion plate then enter an optical fiber (waveguide) 330 .
  • an optical fiber (waveguide) 330 serves as the location of photosynthesis 220.
  • this optical fiber (waveguide) 330 also serves as an optical propagation path 6 that guides the predetermined light 230 to an arbitrary location.
  • FIG. 6A(a) as a specific example of the optical operation location 240 of FIG. 3, it serves as a collected information storage 74 that combines a movable 322 imaging lens 312 and an optical recording/reproducing medium 26.
  • FIG. it is not limited to this, and an embodiment of the optical operation place 240 corresponding to any application set in the application field (various optical application field) matching unit 60 in FIG. 1 can be adopted.
  • the operation/control parameters 280 for the diffusion plate operate/control the characteristics between the first region 212 and the second region 214 with various setting values described in the list of FIG. For example, when changing the average roughness "Ra1" in the first region 212 and the average roughness "Ra2" in the second region 214, "Ra2/Ra1 > 1" must be satisfied. According to actual experimental results, if the condition "Ra2/Ra1 ⁇ 1.5" is satisfied, the effect is improved. It is desirable to satisfy the condition "Ra2/Ra1 ⁇ 3".
  • FIG. 6A(b) shows the characteristics of the maximum incident angle " ⁇ " of light that can propagate through the core region 332 of the optical fiber (waveguide) 330.
  • the optical characteristic conversion element 210 for manipulating/controlling the phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic) is arranged near the incident surface of the optical fiber (waveguide) 330, the incident angle range to the optical fiber (waveguide) 330 is set to need to consider.
  • the condition that the average period "Pa” of its surface roughness satisfies is "Pa ⁇ ⁇ /NA”. need to be satisfied.
  • ⁇ represents the wavelength of light propagating in optical fiber (waveguide) 330 .
  • the condition of "Pa ⁇ ⁇ /(4NA)" is satisfied, the performance becomes even more stable.
  • the inside of the optical property conversion element 210 (diffusion plate) may be divided into three or more regions or four or more regions.
  • the first region 212 and the second region 214 are formed by diffuser plates with different operation/control parameters 280 .
  • the first region 212 and the second region 214 do not necessarily have to be composed of the same diffusion plate. That is, within the same optical property conversion element 210, other specific examples 270 for manipulating/controlling the phase property (wavefront property) may be combined.
  • the first region 212 in the same optical property conversion element 210 may be configured with a diffusion plate
  • the second region 214 may be configured with a diffraction grating/hologram.
  • FIG. 6B shows a specific example embodiment corresponding to the embodiment "N12" in the list of FIG. That is, in FIG. 6B, a diffraction grating or a hologram is arranged as the optical characteristic conversion element 210 at the position (on the condensing plane or on the imaging plane) of the converging light 218 of the initial light 200 condensed by the condensing lens 314, and the converging light 218 to manipulate/control the phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics).
  • the number of steps in the plane, the pitch (period) of the steps, and the plane width ratio (Duty) between the top surface and the bottom surface are changed.
  • the diffraction angle may exceed the "NA value" of the optical fiber (waveguide) 330 described above.
  • an optical guide (waveguide) 340 capable of obtaining a large "NA value" is used.
  • an illumination system is configured to irradiate the light irradiation object 28 with the predetermined light 230 emitted from the light guide (waveguide) 340.
  • FIG. it is not limited to this, and an embodiment of the optical operation place 240 corresponding to any application set in the application field (various optical application field) matching unit 60 in FIG. 1 can be adopted.
  • Diffracted light is generated according to the periodicity along the surface direction of the optical characteristic conversion element 210 (for example, the average period “Pa” of the surface roughness).
  • the generation of the diffracted light is used to manipulate/control the phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics) of the initial light 200 .
  • FIG. 6C illustrates an example of a method of generating a phase difference using differences in optical paths within the light guide 340 used as the light combining site 220 or within the core region 332 of the optical fiber 330 .
  • Zero-order diffracted lights 232 and 234 on the surface of the optical property conversion element 210 travel straight along the traveling direction of the initial light 200 .
  • the first-order diffracted lights 236 and 238 generated by the periodic irregularities on the surface of the optical characteristic conversion element 210 pass through the optical guide 340 or the core region 332 of the optical fiber 330 at angles “ ⁇ 1 ” and “ ⁇ 2 ”. direction.
  • the traveling angles “ ⁇ 1 ” and “ ⁇ 2 ” of the first-order diffracted lights 236 and 238 are determined by the period or average period “Pa1” in the first region 212 and the second region 214 in the optical characteristic conversion element 210 . It varies depending on the period/average period "Pa2". Therefore, as FIG. 6C shows, changing the period or average period "Pa1", "Pa2" in the first region 212 and the second region 214 results in a The optical path lengths of the 1st-order diffracted lights 236 and 238 when passing through the inside change. Therefore, in this embodiment, the value of "Pa2/Pa1" must exceed "1"(1 ⁇ Pa2/Pa1), and it is desirable to have a relationship of "1.2 ⁇ Pa2/Pa1".
  • the condition for the value of "Pa2/Pa1” is set to "1 ⁇ Pa2/Pa1 ⁇ 10000" (preferably "1.2 ⁇ Pa2/Pa1 ⁇ 1000").
  • FIG. 6D shows a specific example embodiment corresponding to embodiment "F13" in the listing of FIG. It has already been explained that spherical aberration occurs when a thick parallel plate is arranged in the middle of the light condensing path using the condensing lens 314, and coma aberration occurs when an inclined plate is arranged. Therefore, in the specific example shown in FIG. 6D, the optical characteristic conversion element 210 is arranged in the far area 180 to generate various aberrations. That is, a spherical aberration generating element 352 using a parallel plate is arranged as the first region 212 in the optical characteristic conversion element 210 . A coma aberration generating element 354 using an inclined plate is arranged in the second region 214 . In FIG.
  • a spherical aberration generating element 352 using a parallel plate and a coma aberration generating element 354 using an inclined plate are integrally formed.
  • the spherical aberration generating element 352 and the coma aberration generating element 354 using the inclined plate may be separated.
  • the range of the RMS (root mean square) value of the generated wavefront aberration is set to 0.5 ⁇ or more and 100 ⁇ or less (preferably 0.3 ⁇ or more and 1000 ⁇ or less).
  • a rotatable 324 rotating mirror 316 is placed in the optical path of the predetermined light 230 focused on the screen 326 by the imaging lens 312, and the screen 326 allows manipulation 324 of the focal spot.
  • the function of the display section 18 FIG. 1
  • FIG. 7A shows a specific example embodiment corresponding to embodiment "F21" in the list of FIG. That is, an optical path length conversion element is arranged in the far region 180 of the initial light 200 (for example, in the middle of the path of the parallel beam), and the phase synchronization characteristic is operated/controlled as the optical characteristic conversion element 210 .
  • the optical characteristic conversion element 210 (optical path length conversion element) is made of a transparent medium having a refractive index of "n".
  • the first region 212 and the second region 214 in the optical property conversion element 210 have a difference in thickness “t” with respect to the traveling direction of the initial light 200 .
  • an optical path length difference of “t(n ⁇ 1)” is generated between the first region 212 and the second region 214 .
  • the thickness “t” is adjusted so that this value is greater than or equal to the coherence length “ ⁇ L 0 ” described later in Equation 1.
  • setting "t(n-1) ⁇ 2 ⁇ L 0 " as the above numerical value setting will further enhance the effect.
  • the optical path along which the first light 202 that has passed through the first region 212 reaches the condenser lens 314 corresponds to the first optical path 222 .
  • the optical path along which the second light 204 passing through the second region 214 reaches the condensing lens 314 corresponds to the second optical path 224 .
  • Condensing lens 314 then converges first light 202 and second light 204 together toward the entrance face of optical fiber (waveguide) 330 .
  • the inside of this optical fiber (waveguide) 330 acts as a photosynthesis site 220 .
  • FIG. 7A shows an example in which an optical fiber (waveguide) 330 is used as the photosynthesis site 220 .
  • the light guide (waveguide) 340 may be used as the photosynthesis site 220 without being limited thereto.
  • the location of photosynthesis 220 may be an area where the first optical path 222 and the second optical path 224 spatially overlap.
  • the entrance surface and exit surface of the optical fiber (waveguide) 330 and optical guide (waveguide) 340 generally have an optical planar shape.
  • the entrance surface or the exit surface of the optical fiber (waveguide) 330 and the light guide (waveguide) 340 is provided with a fine uneven shape (light diffusion surface structure or diffraction grating structure). Also good.
  • the entrance or exit face of optical fiber (waveguide) 330 or light guide (waveguide) 340 then has the function of a diffuser plate or diffraction grating/hologram described as embodiment 270 in FIG.
  • the entrance surface or the exit surface of the optical fiber (waveguide) 330 or the optical guide (waveguide) 340 has the function of manipulating/controlling the phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics) without adding a new optical characteristic conversion element 210.
  • both the phase synchronization characteristic and the phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic) of the initial light 200 can be manipulated/controlled at the same time, so that the optical noise reduction effect and the coherence reduction effect are further improved.
  • the effect appears when the difference in optical path length is " ⁇ /16" or more.
  • the value of the wavelength “ ⁇ ” is “400 nm” and “n ⁇ 1.5”, “t ⁇ /16(n ⁇ 1) ⁇ 50 nm” is obtained. Therefore, if the amplitude value of the fine uneven shape has a value of "50 nm” or more, the effect described later in Chapter 3 is produced.
  • the stability of operation/control is impaired. Specifically, when the optical path length difference is "10000 ⁇ 4 mm" or more, the stability of operation/control is impaired. Also, since the optical path length difference is given by "t(n-1)", it is desirable that the maximum allowable mechanical amplitude of the fine irregularities is "8 mm" or less.
  • the fine uneven shape is configured by the uneven shape on the surface of the diffusion plate, it is expressed by the average value of roughness "Ra” instead of the maximum amplitude value.
  • the range of the "Ra value” of the fine uneven shape formed on the entrance surface or the exit surface of the optical fiber (waveguide) 330 or the optical guide (waveguide) 340 is "50 nm ⁇ Ra ⁇ 8 mm (preferably "13 nm ⁇ Ra ⁇ 2 mm"), the effect described later in Chapter 3 can be exhibited.
  • FIG. 7A describes an example of an optical system that performs hologram recording on the measurement object 22 using the optical recording/reproducing medium 26.
  • the optical operation place 240 corresponding to any application set in the application field (various optical application field) matching unit 60 in FIG. 1 can be adopted.
  • FIG. 7B shows an embodiment of an optical path length conversion element (optical property conversion element 210 that manipulates/controls phase synchronization properties) structure.
  • FIG. 7B(a) shows a view from a direction along the traveling direction 348 of the initial light 200.
  • FIG. 7B(b) shows a view seen from the direction opposite to the traveling direction 348 of the initial light 200. As shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7B(c) shows a diagram viewed from a cross-sectional direction perpendicular to the traveling direction 348 of the initial light 200.
  • FIG. 7B(c) the structure is such that the initial light 200 is wavefront-divided into 48 regions (12 regions ⁇ 4 regions). That is, a method of dividing the cross section of the initial light 200 into 12 in the angular direction and 4 in the radial direction is combined.
  • FIG. 7C shows an application example related to the optical path length conversion element (optical characteristic conversion element 210 that manipulates/controls the phase synchronization characteristic) structure.
  • an optical path length conversion element is formed of a transparent material through which the initial light 200 passes.
  • the luminous flux cross section of the passing initial light 200 is divided into 12 in the angular direction.
  • the thickness When viewed in the light traveling direction 348 of the initial light 200, the thickness varies from "1 mm" to "12 mm” in "1 mm increments".
  • the number of boundary surfaces arranged along the light traveling direction 348 of the initial light 200 passing through is devised so that the minimum number of surfaces is "two surfaces". If the plane accuracy of the boundary surface existing at the interface between the transparent medium region and the air region constituting the optical path length conversion element is low, the wavefront accuracy of the light after passing therethrough is degraded. Therefore, by setting the number of boundary surfaces to the minimum number, it is possible to reduce the deterioration of the wavefront accuracy of the light after passing through the optical path length conversion element.
  • the side surfaces 380 of the steps between the regions in the optical path length conversion element are all directed in a specific direction (perpendicular to the B plane). direction).
  • FIG. 7C shows the structure of the optical path length conversion element (the optical characteristic conversion element 210 that manipulates/controls the phase synchronization characteristic). good. That is, at least one of the boundary surfaces arranged in the direction perpendicular to the light traveling direction 348 of the initial light 200 is not made an optical plane but has a fine uneven structure. A diffusion plate structure or a diffraction grating/hologram structure may be provided as the example 270 of the fine concave-convex structure. This interface thereby has the function of manipulating/controlling the phase properties (wavefront properties). As a result, since a single optical element can operate/control both the phase synchronization characteristic and the phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic), the optical noise reduction effect and the coherence reduction effect are improved. Furthermore, the simplification and price reduction of the whole optical system can be achieved.
  • the phase synchronization characteristics can be operated/controlled more efficiently by allowing parallel light traveling in the same direction to pass through the optical path length conversion element.
  • the direction of travel of light passing through a boundary surface with a fine uneven structure tends to change depending on the optical path (i.e., when parallel light passes through a boundary surface with a fine uneven structure, the light diverges). easy). Therefore, among the two boundary surfaces present in the optical path length conversion element, it is desirable that the surface of the boundary surface located behind in the light traveling direction 348 has a fine uneven structure.
  • the content described with reference to FIG. 7A can also be applied to the effective uneven structure size range when such a fine uneven structure is provided on the interface surface. That is, the maximum amplitude value of the steps can be defined as “50 nm or more and 8 mm or less” as an effective uneven structure dimension range in this case.
  • the average value of surface roughness "Ra” if "50 nm ⁇ Ra ⁇ 8 mm" (preferably “13 nm ⁇ Ra ⁇ 2 mm" can be achieved, the effect described later in Chapter 3 will be exhibited. can.
  • an optical path length converter is used as the optical characteristic conversion element 210 as shown in FIG.
  • a light cross section of the initial light 200 may be wavefront-divided into a first region 212 and a second region 212 to divide the first light 202 and the second light 204 .
  • amplitude division or intensity division may be used to divide into the first light 202 and the second light 204 .
  • the optical path length difference between the third optical path 226 when the third light 206 passes through the third region 216 of the optical property conversion element 210 and the above-described first optical path 222 is may be generated.
  • An optical path length difference between the third optical path 226 and the second optical path 224 may be generated.
  • the optical path length difference may be generated for each of four or more regions, not limited to three regions.
  • optical noise is significantly reduced by technically devising the above optical path length difference to be larger than the coherence length described later in Equation 1.
  • the basic concept of the technical ingenuity is as follows.
  • FIG. 9 shows experimental results showing that optical noise is reduced as the wavefront division number (region division number or optical path division number) increases (details will be described later).
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing this basic concept.
  • laser light has a "single wavelength", and it is easy to think that "the envelope of the electric field amplitude is uniform everywhere" along the propagation direction of the laser light.
  • many laser light sources having a wavelength width " ⁇ " of about “2 nm” are commercially available.
  • the central wavelength of this light source is “ ⁇ 0 ”, all kinds of light propagates in space as
  • a wave train 400 defined by the coherence length " ⁇ L 0 " shown in .
  • white light e.g., emitted from a thermal light source
  • fluorescent light all-color light, which will be described later
  • the envelope of the electric field amplitude repeats increases and decreases as shown in FIG. 8(a).
  • This single collection of electric field amplitude envelopes is called a wave train 400 . It is believed that there is an unsynchronized phase relation between the initial wave trains 400 that occur one behind the other.
  • the initial light 200 incident in the form of the continuous generation of the initial wave train 400 shown in FIG. 8(a) is wavefront-split when passing through the optical characteristic conversion element 210 that manipulates/controls the phase synchronization characteristic.
  • FIG. 8B shows the spatial propagation state (wave chain state 406) of the first light 202 that has passed through the first region 212 in the optical property conversion element 210 shown in FIG.
  • the amplitude in FIG. 8(b) is smaller than that in FIG. 8(a) because the first light 202 was extracted as a result of the wave front divided of the initial light 200.
  • FIG. 8(c) shows the spatial propagation state (wave chain state 408) of the second light 204 extracted after passing through the second region 214.
  • FIG. The amplitude in FIG. 8(c) is almost the same as that in FIG. 8(b), but there is an optical path length difference between them. Therefore, in FIGS. 8(b) and 8(c), the center positions of the wave trains 406 and 408 are shifted.
  • FIG. 8(d) shows a situation where both wave trains 406 and 408 are synthesized or combined 410 at the light synthesis location 220 to form the predetermined light 230.
  • FIG. 8(d) shows a situation where both wave trains 406 and 408 are synthesized or combined 410 at the light synthesis location 220 to form the predetermined light 230.
  • FIG. 8(d) shows a situation where both wave trains 406 and 408 are synthesized or combined 410 at the light synthesis location 220 to form the predetermined light 230.
  • FIG. 8(d) shows a situation where both wave trains 406 and 408 are synthesized or combined 410 at the light synthesis location 220 to form the predetermined light 230.
  • FIG. 8(d) shows a situation where both wave trains 406 and 408 are synthesized or combined 410 at the light synthesis location 220 to form the predetermined light 230.
  • FIG. 8(d) shows a situation where both wave trains 406 and 408 are synthesized or
  • wavelength width “ ⁇ ” Light with a wide wavelength range (wavelength width “ ⁇ ”) included in a light beam propagating in space is called panchromatic light.
  • monochromatic light light with a narrow wavelength range is called monochromatic light.
  • the (desired) optical characteristics required for each optical application field are obtained by using the manipulation/control of the light amount distribution and phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics).
  • the “operation/control of phase synchronization characteristics” and the “operation/control of phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics)” may be combined.
  • a diffusion plate is one of the specific examples 270 of the optical characteristic conversion element capable of realizing manipulation/control of the phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic).
  • FIG. 9 shows experimental results regarding the effect of reducing optical noise when the diffusion plate 488 is used.
  • a diffusion plate having an average roughness "Ra" of 2.08 ⁇ m was placed in the optical path to artificially generate optical noise.
  • Spectroscopic characteristics are measured with a spectrometer placed in the measurement unit 8, and the relative standard deviation value of the amount of optical noise generated within the measurement wavelength range of 1.45 ⁇ m to 1.65 ⁇ m (standardized by the average value of spectral detection converted value) was calculated.
  • the vertical axis in FIG. 9 represents the relative standard deviation value corresponding to the amount of optical noise.
  • FIG. 9(a) shows the optical noise characteristics when no diffusion plate is arranged.
  • FIG. 9B shows the optical noise characteristics when a diffusion plate 488 having an average roughness “Ra” of 1.51 ⁇ m is arranged inside the light source unit 2 (for example, the arrangement position of the diffusion plate 488 in FIG. 16). show. 9(a) and 9(b), by simply inserting the diffusion plate 488 alone (FIG. 9(b)), the Also reduces optical noise.
  • FIG. 9(a) in this region shows the optical noise when only the phase synchronization characteristic is operated/controlled without using the diffusion plate 488 (that is, when only the optical path length conversion element is placed in the optical path). It represents the reduction state of Also in FIG. 9A in this area, it can be seen that the optical noise amount decreases as the area division number (wavefront division number or optical path division number, value of PuwS_M) at which the optical path length difference occurs increases. Furthermore, in FIG. 9(b), which is obtained by also using a diffusion plate 488 for manipulating/controlling phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics), the amount of optical noise is lower than in FIG. 9(a).
  • FIG. 10 shows a mechanism for reducing the amount of optical noise using the manipulation/control of phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics), taking an extension plate as an example.
  • phase characteristics wavefront characteristics
  • the optical characteristic conversion element for manipulating/controlling the phase characteristic there are a diffraction grating/hologram, various aberration generating elements, a step plate, etc., in addition to the diffusion plate. .
  • the above-described optical characteristic conversion element other than the diffusion plate also causes the above-described wave train splitting to reduce the amount of optical noise.
  • the initial wave train 400 is divided into wave trains 400, and the phases between the divided wave trains 430-0, -1, and -2.
  • a deviation amount is set.
  • Various manipulation/control parameters 280 that control the optical properties of the resulting predetermined light 230 are summarized in FIG.
  • the optical characteristic range of the predetermined light 230 that can be controlled only by controlling the values of the operation/control parameters 280 shown in FIG. Therefore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the inside of the optical property conversion element 210 is divided into a plurality of regions 212 to 216, and different values of operation/control parameters 280 can be set for each of the regions 212 to 216.
  • FIG. 3 Accordingly, the optical characteristic range of the predetermined light 230 that can be controlled by one optical characteristic conversion element 210 is greatly expanded. As a result, if the optical property conversion element 210 having a structure divided into a plurality of regions 212 to 216 is used, the ease of realizing the optical property content required (desired) for each optical application field shown in FIG. significantly improved.
  • FIG. 1 A specific effect example of the optical characteristic conversion element 210 having a structure divided into a plurality of regions 212 to 216 will be described using an example of FIG.
  • the first light 202 that has passed through the first region 212 in the optical property conversion element 210 there are three different-phase wave trains shown in FIGS.
  • 430-0, -1, -2 are generated.
  • the values of the operation/control parameters 280 are varied. Therefore, the phases of the three different-phase wave trains separated and generated in the second light 204 that has passed through the second region 214 are the wave trains 430-0, -1, - in the first light 202. 2 is different in phase.
  • interference-generating path in the optical path of light beams with a single wavelength and the same phase, fringe patterns whose intensity changes periodically appear in the cross-section image and spectral characteristics of the light beams. appears.
  • interference fringes can be observed not only in the distant area 180 but also in the condensing plane/imaging plane and its vicinity 170 .
  • the value obtained by dividing the difference between the maximum intensity and the minimum intensity in this interference fringe by the average intensity is defined as visibility "SV". Specifically, it is defined by the middle side of Equation 13. In many cases, the degree of coherence of light is evaluated by the value of this visibility (SV).
  • This decrease in visibility value is evaluated as a decrease in coherence of the predetermined light 230 .
  • phase synchronization characteristic manipulation/control is first performed according to the light traveling direction 348, and then the "phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic) manipulation/control” is performed, and then the light combining location 220 is arranged, the above-described optical The effect of action is improved (a specific arrangement example thereof will be described later with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17A/B).
  • the lights 202 to 206 whose phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics) have been manipulated/controlled may sometimes have a slight divergence (the directivity in which all the lights travel in the same direction is slightly reduced). Therefore, when the directivity of the light is high, the optical noise reduction effect and the coherence reduction effect are improved by performing "operation/control of the phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics) after performing the operation/control of the phase synchronization characteristics". do.
  • An optical characteristic conversion element for manipulating/controlling the phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic) even when the coherence of the predetermined light 230 is reduced by combining the manipulation/control of the phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic) and the manipulation/control of the phase synchronization characteristic. If the inside 210 is composed of a plurality of regions 212-216 set to values of the operation/control parameters 280 different from each other, the coherence reduction effect is further improved. That is, the individual operation/control parameters 280 within the plurality of regions 212-216 can be flexibly set to best match the optical property content 102 required (desired) for each optical application shown in FIG.
  • interference generation path will be theoretically analyzed with a specific example of "interference generation between straight light and reflected light on the front and back surfaces of a parallel transparent plate or transparent sheet".
  • this interference generation path the phenomenon of optical noise reduction when "manipulation/control of phase synchronization characteristics" is performed when optical noise is generated will be quantitatively explained.
  • phase separation model of light passing through the diffuser plate, and reduce the visibility value when "operation/control of phase synchronization characteristics” and “operation/control of phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics)" are combined. We explain the phenomenon quantitatively.
  • the refractive index of a transparent plate or transparent sheet having parallel front and back surfaces is represented by "n", and the thickness "d" of the front and back surfaces is described by “d 0 + ⁇ d”.
  • the amplitude characteristic of the combined light (predetermined light 230) obtained when the initial light 200 having a central frequency of " ⁇ 0 " and a frequency width of " ⁇ " passes through a transparent plate or transparent sheet having a thickness range of " ⁇ d" is
  • Equation 11 represents the amplitude reflectance of light on each of the front and back surfaces of the transparent plate or transparent sheet. Also, angular brackets denote temporally ensemble averaging.
  • the cosine function shown in the third term on the right side of Equation 11 indicates a "periodic light amount change" according to the amount of change in the wavelength " ⁇ 0 ". Therefore, this cosine function part contributes to the generation of the interference fringe pattern in the spectral characteristics.
  • Equation 11 means the degree of coherence of light described above.
  • the intensity of light that has passed through the m-th region in the optical path length conversion element is represented by " ⁇ I Rm >".
  • the characteristic formula of this “ ⁇ I Rm >” is In Equation 11, “Dp 0 ” is replaced with “E 0 D 0 ”, “R 2 Dp 1 ” is replaced with “E j D j ”, and “2d 0 ” is replaced with “ ⁇ mj ”. .
  • the characteristic expression of the predetermined light 230 after being combined at the light combining place 220 is the intensity characteristic of each. given by simple addition. Assuming that the number of regions divided within the optical path length conversion element (the number of wavefront divisions or the number of optical path divisions, the value of PuwS_M) is "M", the characteristic expression of the predetermined light 230 is "M"
  • Equation 16 includes a cosine function representing periodic characteristics. That is, the second term on the right side of Equation 16 represents the result of mathematical expression of optical noise.
  • Equation 17 means that "when many optical noise characteristics having mutually different phases are superimposed, they are offset by an ensemble averaging effect". Therefore, substituting Equation 17 into Equation 16, we get
  • Equation 18 shows a state in which "periodic change in light intensity" does not appear and optical noise is completely removed. That is, the above mathematical characteristics indicate the optical noise amount reduction characteristics of the optical path length conversion element (the optical characteristic conversion element 210 that operates/controls the phase synchronization characteristic) alone.
  • FIG. 9 shows an experimental verification result of the optical noise amount reduction when increasing the number “M” of regions described by Equation 17. In FIG.
  • FIG. 10(b) shows the surface roughness distribution characteristics of the diffusion plate. According to statistical theory, this surface roughness distribution characteristic is known to resemble a "Gaussian distribution".
  • FIG. 10(b) can be approximated as a combination of three-stage rectangular distributions FIGS. 10(c), (e) and (g) stacked on top of each other. What is important here is the characteristic that "unlike perfectly symmetrical Gaussian distribution, the actual surface roughness distribution characteristic of the diffusion plate deviates from perfect left-right symmetry". Taking the central position of the uppermost rectangular distribution shown in FIG.
  • the first light 202 that has passed through the first region 212 in the optical property conversion element 210 that manipulates/controls the phase property contains an amplitude value “E l D l ” and a phase value “ ⁇ A plurality of wave trains 430-0 to -2 with l 1 ′′ are included.
  • the optical characteristic conversion element 210 in FIG. 3 has a structure divided into a plurality of regions 212 to 216, the predetermined light 230 synthesized at the light synthesis location 220 contains more waves. is included.
  • the intensity characteristic of the predetermined light 230 can be expressed by a formula obtained by changing "(E 0 D 0 ) 2 " in Formula 16 to " ⁇ (E l D l ) 2 ".
  • the subscript "m” means the region number within the optical property conversion element 210 that manipulates/controls the phase property (wavefront property).
  • the variable “M” represents the total number of areas within the optical property conversion element 210 that manipulates/controls the phase properties (wavefront properties).
  • the optical characteristic conversion element 270 that manipulates/controls the phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic) including the diffusion plate has the characteristic of increasing the optical noise
  • the “mutual manipulation/control parameter 280 It can be seen that "optical noise is reduced” when the optical characteristic conversion element 270 is composed of a plurality of regions 212 to 216 with different ".
  • the optical characteristic conversion element 270 for manipulating/controlling the phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic) including the diffusion plate and the optical path length converting element (optical characteristic conversion element 210 for manipulating/controlling the phase synchronization characteristic) It can be said that "optical noise is reduced” by combining
  • the optical characteristic conversion element 270 for manipulating/controlling the phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic) including the diffusion plate” and the “optical path length converting element (the optical characteristic conversion element 210 for manipulating/controlling the phase synchronization characteristic)" are combined.
  • the light passing through the m-th region in the optical path length conversion element divided into “M” regions is composed solely of the first region 212 (the operation/control of the phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic)).
  • the phase characteristic conversion element 210) that performs In this case, as shown in FIG. 10, a phase difference of “ ⁇ ml ” occurs after passing through the rectangular distribution at the “lth stage” (l ⁇ 0) from the top.
  • the phase difference “ ⁇ ml ” changes according to slight changes for each optical path passing therethrough.
  • the phase characteristics sensitively change depending on the difference in optical paths.
  • the amount of amplitude change due to the difference in optical path is considered to be very small.
  • the amplitude value after the initial wave train 400 having an amplitude value of "1/ ⁇ M" in FIG. It can be approximated as "E l D l / ⁇ M".
  • Spectral characteristics are generally expressed by a ratio of "detected spectral intensity characteristics” to "spectral intensity characteristics of reference light that serves as a standard".
  • the spectral intensity characteristic of the predetermined light 230 that has passed through the "optical path length conversion element" -> "diffusion plate” -> "photosynthesis site 220" is treated as the spectral intensity characteristic of the reference light.
  • the spectral intensity characteristic of the reference light in this case can be approximated by Equation (19).
  • Equation 21 is represented by Comparing Equation 21 and Equation 11 reveals that the maximum amplitude characteristic (visibility) of the interference fringes changes by "V R ( ⁇ 0 )". “V R ( ⁇ 0 )” in Equation 21 is
  • the first term on the right side of Equation 22 indicates the interference fringe characteristic obtained by the interference between straight light traveling through a parallel transparent plate or transparent sheet and reflected light from the front and back surfaces.
  • the second term group on the right side of Equation 22 is the cause of reduced visibility.
  • Each term in the second term group on the right side of Equation 22 is a periodic function (cosine function) whose phase is shifted by “ ⁇ ml ⁇ mj ”.
  • the phase shift amount is caused by the phase shift amounts “ ⁇ ml ” and “ ⁇ mj ” received when passing through the diffusion plate for each light that has passed through the “mth” light path length conversion element.
  • the interference fringe characteristic (original visibility “SVorg( ⁇ 0 )” represented by Equation 13) obtained by interference between the straight light of the parallel transparent plate or transparent sheet and the reflected light on the front and back surfaces, and the right side of Equation 22
  • the second term groups overlap. Especially when the value of Equation 19 is small, the value of the second term group on the right side of Equation 22 increases as a whole. As a result, the "averaging effect" works and the value of the overall visibility "SVdiff( ⁇ 0 )" decreases.
  • FIG. 11 shows results of demonstration experiments on the coherence reduction effect of the predetermined light 230 when using the optical property conversion element 210 used in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 11(a) shows changes in relative coherence when only diffuser plates 488 with different average roughness "Ra" are arranged in the light source unit 2 (which is the arrangement position of the diffuser plate 488 in FIG. 16). ing. As the average roughness of the diffuser 488 increases, the relative coherence decreases, demonstrating the effect of the optical property conversion element 210 that manipulates/controls the phase properties (wavefront properties).
  • FIG. 11(b) shows the relative coherence when the optical characteristic conversion element 210 for manipulating/controlling the phase synchronization characteristic is additionally arranged (at the arrangement position of the wavefront multi-split optical path length conversion element 360 in FIG. 16). showing change.
  • the optical property conversion element 210 for manipulating/controlling the phase characteristic (wavefront property) and the optical property conversion element 210 for manipulating/controlling the phase synchronization property are used together, the coherence reduction effect of the predetermined light 230 is increased. I understand.
  • the characteristics when the diffusion plate 488 is used are taken as an example.
  • the same effect can be obtained not only for the diffusion plate 488 but also for the optical characteristic conversion element 210 that manipulates/controls other phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics).
  • the predetermined light 230 formed in this embodiment has less optical noise or coherence than the initial light 200 .
  • the predetermined light 230 has optical properties required (desired) for each optical application shown in FIG.
  • the predetermined light 230 formed in this embodiment is basically Evaluation is performed using A] spectral characteristics or B] captured image characteristics. Also, the light obtained when at least one of the embodiments is not implemented is defined as "initial light 200", and the light obtained by implementing at least one of the embodiments is defined as "predetermined light 230". Then, the optical characteristics of the "initial light 200" and the "predetermined light 230" are measured by the same characteristic evaluation method, and the measurement results are compared to evaluate whether there is a difference between the two companies.
  • the method shown in FIG. 9 is used as the evaluation method for reducing the amount of optical noise. That is, an optical system composed of the light source unit 2 and the measurement unit 8 shown in FIG. 1 may be constructed, and the amount of optical noise generated within the optical system may be evaluated.
  • the “initial light 200" and "predetermined light 230" are adopted in the light source unit 2 (including the optical characteristic conversion block 390 arranged in the light propagation path 6).
  • phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic) manipulation/control element such as a diffusion plate 488 or a diffraction grating/hologram is inserted into a part of the optical system (for example, the light propagation path 6), as was done when measuring the data in FIG. It is also possible to compare the optical characteristics when "intentionally generating optical noise" by
  • a "relative standard deviation value” may be used as in FIG.
  • the procedure for calculating this "relative standard deviation value” is described below. Namely, 1.
  • the "average value characteristic” is calculated by averaging the data obtained in "A] spectral characteristics” or “B] captured image characteristics”. 2.
  • the difference between the above “A] spectral characteristics” or “B] captured image characteristics” and the above “average value characteristics” is calculated as “individual displacement amount”.
  • the ratio of the "individual displacement amount” to the "average value characteristic” (that is, the value obtained by dividing the "individual displacement amount” by the "average value characteristic") is defined as the “relative displacement amount”.
  • 4. Statistical analysis of the distribution of "relative displacement”("normalization” to approximate normal distribution), The standard deviation value (of the approximated normal distribution) is calculated and referred to as the "relative standard deviation value".
  • FIG. 9A shows the characteristics of "initial light 200".
  • Other data indicates the optical characteristics obtained from the "predetermined light 230" obtained by employing the individual techniques described in this embodiment. Comparing FIG. 9(a) and FIG. 9(b) in the “prior art”, the “relative standard deviation value” obtained from the “initial light 200” compared to the “relative standard deviation value” obtained from the “predetermined light 230” standard deviation” has decreased by about 20%. Therefore, comparing the "relative standard deviation value” obtained from the "initial light 200” and the “relative standard deviation value” obtained from the "predetermined light 230", It is considered that "there is an effect in a state of a decrease of 20% or more (this embodiment is implemented)".
  • FIG. 9 shows comparative data of "A] spectral characteristics".
  • the evaluation is not limited to this, and may be evaluated using “B] captured image characteristics” caused by optical noise appearing in the captured image detected by the image sensor 300 .
  • FIG. 12 shows comparative data of speckle noise generated based on coherence.
  • FIG. 12(a) shows the intensity distribution of a captured image section obtained from a non-specular surface (general light scattering surface) irradiated with "initial light 200" in a parallel beam state. Any surface that scatters light, such as plain paper, wall, or skin, can be used as the non-specular surface.
  • FIG. 12(b) shows the intensity distribution of the captured image section obtained from the non-specular surface by irradiating the "predetermined light 230" onto the non-specular surface.
  • speckle contrast In the world of laser interference, an index called speckle contrast is used to evaluate this coherence.
  • speckle contrast uses substantially the same definition formula as the above-mentioned "relative standard deviation value”. That is, "Ia(x)" in FIG. 12 means the above-described “average value characteristic”. Also, “dI(x)” in FIG. 12 corresponds to the "individual displacement amounts" described above.
  • the measurement data shown in FIG. 12 is data measured as "B] Captured image characteristics".
  • the optical characteristics may be measured in the form of "A] spectral characteristics”.
  • “initial light 200” or “predetermined light 230" in a parallel beam state is irradiated onto a non-specular surface (general light scattering surface), and "A] spectral characteristics” obtained from the non-specular surface
  • a speckle contrast value may be calculated from the distribution in a similar manner.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example of RMS values of wavefront aberration obtained as a result of measurement.
  • FIG. 13 shows the RMS value of the wavefront aberration of light that has passed through the wavefront multi-segmented optical path length conversion element 360 (see FIG. 16) that is "divided into 8 in the angular direction" (not divided in the radial direction).
  • a transmission-type or reflection-type interferometer is used to measure the wavefront characteristics of light transmitted or reflected by the optical characteristic conversion element 210, and the RMS value is calculated.
  • the value of the wavefront accuracy of the light transmitted or reflected by the optical property conversion element 210 is "when the value is 0.5 ⁇ or more and 100 ⁇ or less, the present embodiment is implemented", or Strictly speaking, it is considered that “the present embodiment is carried out in the case of 0.3 ⁇ or more and 1000 ⁇ or less".
  • “400 nm” is set as the value of the wavelength " ⁇ ”.
  • FIG. 14 shows the measurement/evaluation method of the optical characteristic conversion element 210 regarding the divergence angle of light and the criterion thereof.
  • the divergence angle “ ⁇ ” is obtained from the half width 198 of the intensity distribution of the light projected onto the screen 326 placed at a predetermined distance from the optical property conversion element 210 .
  • a mask pack 328 that partially shields light is placed immediately before the optical characteristic conversion element 210, and the half width 198 when not shielding the light, the half width 198 when only the first region 212 is shielded, and the second region Divergence angles “ ⁇ 1 ” and “ ⁇ 2 ” can be obtained by comparing the half width 198 when only 214 is shielded.
  • the relationship between the divergence angles “ ⁇ 1 ” and “ ⁇ 2 ” is “1.2 ⁇ 1 / ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1000”, or strictly speaking, “1 .5 ⁇ ⁇ 1 / ⁇ 2 ⁇ 100, the present embodiment is implemented.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of spectral characteristic measurement results of light transmitted through an optical characteristic conversion element 210 that manipulates/controls phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics).
  • FIG. 15(a) shows the spectral characteristic measurement results of the optical characteristic conversion element 210 composed only of the first region 212.
  • FIG. 15(b) shows the spectral characteristic measurement result of the optical characteristic conversion element 210 composed of a combination of the first region 212 and the second region 214 having different average roughness values "Ra".
  • Ra average roughness values
  • the data in FIG. 15(a) is regarded as data obtained from "initial light 200".
  • the data of FIG. 15(b) is regarded as the data obtained from the "predetermined light 230", and the characteristics of both are compared.
  • the difference between the two effects is evaluated by the relative variation " ⁇ ( ⁇ )" of the light transmission intensity at an arbitrary wavelength when the data in FIG. 15(a) is used as a reference.
  • the value obtained by dividing the "absolute amount of change in light transmission intensity” by the "light transmission intensity obtained from the initial light 200" at the same wavelength is the "relative amount of change in light transmission intensity. “ ⁇ ( ⁇ )””.
  • FIG. 16 shows a specific example of the inside of the light source section 2 when an incandescent light source is used as the light source.
  • the optical system for exhibiting the effects described in Chapter 3 hates contamination with dirt, dust, and dirt in the optical path.
  • the structure is such that the light emitting section 470 housing the incandescent lamp 472 and the optical characteristic control section 480 are mechanically separated.
  • An optical fiber 330 is connected to the exit of the optical characteristic control section 480 . By using the optical fiber 330 having excellent mechanical flexibility, the light output from the optical characteristic control section 480 can be guided to an arbitrary location.
  • a heat insulating plate 476 is arranged between the light emitting section 470 and the optical property control section 480 to block heat conduction between them. Furthermore, it covers the periphery of the optical property control section 480 to block the flow of air from the outside. By adopting this structure, it is possible to prevent dirt, dust, and dirt from entering the interior of the optical property control section 480 . Furthermore, the insulation plate 476 cuts off heat conduction, so that thermal deformation inside the optical characteristic control unit 480 caused by temperature change can be reduced.
  • the light emitted from the incandescent lamp 472 passes through the optical characteristic control section 480 .
  • a light-transmissive medium is arranged on a part of the heat insulating plate 476 .
  • Light emitted from the incandescent lamp 472 passes through this light transmissive medium.
  • the light-transmissive medium placed inside the heat insulating plate 476 blocks the flow of air and heat from the inside of the light emitting section 470 to the inside of the optical property control section 480 .
  • a transparent resin (plastic) may be used as the material of the light transmissive medium.
  • the transparent resin has a high light absorptance in the near-infrared region (for example, a wavelength of 1.6 ⁇ m or longer). Therefore, when using the near-infrared light obtained from the light source unit 2, it is desirable to use transparent glass or quartz glass as the material of the light transmissive medium.
  • a parallel plate can be used as the shape of this light transmissive medium.
  • the image forming lens 312 is used as the light transmissive medium to block the flow of air and heat as well as to collect the light emitted from the lamp 472 . In this way, the image forming lens 312 is made to have various functions, thereby making it possible to simplify the light source unit 2 itself and reduce the cost.
  • the imaging lens 312 is arranged at a position recessed from the surrounding heat insulating plate 476 . This prevents the operator from accidentally touching the imaging lens 312 when replacing the lamp 472 .
  • ND filters neutral density filters
  • a filter 498 is placed.
  • the amount of light emitted from the incandescent lamp 472 and its spectral characteristics change with the filament temperature inside the lamp 472 . Therefore, from immediately after the start of lighting of the incandescent lamp 472 until the filament temperature stabilizes, the light quantity and spectral characteristics of the radiated light change with the lapse of time.
  • the photodetectors 482-1 and 482-2 detect the amount of emitted light and control the current value supplied to the incandescent lamp 472.
  • the incandescent lamp 472 it has a spectral characteristic in which the long wavelength intensity increases as the filament temperature rises. Therefore, for example, when measuring using both visible light and near-infrared light emitted from the light source unit 2, the amount of light emitted in both the wavelength range of visible light and the wavelength range of near-infrared light is detected at the same time. desirable to control. Therefore, a photodetector 482-1 that detects only near-infrared light that has passed through the bandpass filter or highpass filter 496, and a photodetector 482-2 that detects only visible light that has passed through the bandpass filter or lowpass filter 498 are used. are placed. Further, the photodetector 482-1 for near-infrared light and the photodetector 482-2 for visible light have different detection sensitivities. ND filters 492 and 494 are arranged individually for this detection sensitivity correction.
  • a concave mirror 474 is installed on the back of the lamp 472 in the light emitting section 470 .
  • the light emitted toward the back of the lamp 472 is reflected by the concave mirror 474 and travels through the inter-filament gap in the lamp 472 toward the imaging lens 312 .
  • the light radiated from the lamp 472 toward the back is also effectively used, and the utilization efficiency of the light radiated from the light source section 2 is improved.
  • Two fans 478-1 and 478-2 are arranged in the light emitting unit 470 to create an artificial air current 442.
  • FIG. On the other hand, the airflow 442 is arranged so as not to directly hit the imaging lens 312 and the ND filters 402 and 494 . As a result, contrivances are made to prevent dirt and dust caught in the airflow 442 from adhering to the imaging lens 312 and the ND filters 402 and 494 .
  • louver windows 440-1 and -2 are provided outside each fan 478-1 and -2 so that emitted light does not leak to the outside from the intake port of the upper fan 478-1 and the discharge port of the rear fan 478-2. is installed.
  • a lamp fixing portion 446 made of a material having an excellent heat insulation effect and a low coefficient of thermal expansion supports the lamp base 473 and fixes the position of the incandescent lamp 472 .
  • large thermal expansion and thermal contraction of the lamp base 473 are repeated.
  • the lamp fixing part 446 itself has shape elasticity and is slidable between the lamp fixing part 446 and the lamp base 473. structure. The position of the lamp 472 in the light-emitting portion 470 is finely adjusted by making the lamp fixing portion 446 finely adjustable by a lamp fine-moving mechanism 448 .
  • An aperture control section 484 having a small aperture is installed in the optical characteristic control section 480 .
  • the imaging lens 312 projects (images) the imaging pattern of the filament in the lamp 472 onto the surface of the aperture control section 484 . Only the central portion of this imaging pattern passes through the aperture in aperture control section 484 .
  • the aperture control section 484 is provided within the optical characteristic control section 480 to define the ideal optical path (optical axis) of the light emitted from the lamp 472 .
  • the aperture control section 484 shields the emitted light passing through an optical path that deviates greatly from the ideal optical path (optical axis).
  • the aperture control section 484 functions to prevent unnecessary wavefront aberration occurring in the optical path. As a result, the optical characteristics described in Chapter 3 can be effectively exhibited.
  • the position of the lamp 472 is greatly deviated from the central position in the light emitting unit 470 without installing the aperture control unit 484, the emitted light from the lamp 472 passes through the imaging lens 312, the collimating lens 318, and the condensing lens 314. and large coma aberration occurs.
  • Unnecessary wavefront aberration such as coma aberration that occurs here causes a large variation in characteristics during mass production of the light source unit 2 .
  • the size of the filament inside the incandescent lamp 472 is relatively large. Therefore, even if the lamp 472 is located near the center of the light emitting portion 470, the light emitting position around the filament is slightly off the ideal optical axis. Therefore, the emitted light from the peripheral portion of the filament produces some coma aberration when passing through the imaging lens 312 and the collimator lens 318 . Therefore, the aperture control section 484 shields the radiated light from the filament periphery and utilizes only the radiated light with little wavefront aberration.
  • a wavefront multi-splitting optical path length conversion element 360 for manipulating/controlling phase synchronization characteristics is arranged in the optical path of the parallel beam.
  • FIG. 16(d) shows a diagram of this wavefront multi-segmenting optical path length conversion element 360 viewed from the light traveling direction. As shown in FIG. 16(d), the wavefront multi-segmented optical path length conversion element 360 is divided into 12 in the angular direction and 4 in the radial direction, forming the 48-divided element already described in FIG. 7B.
  • Two of the 12 angular boundary lines are set at angles parallel to horizontal axis 450 and vertical axis 460, respectively.
  • the specific shape of the wavefront multi-split optical path length conversion element 360 is not limited to this, and the 12-split element described in FIG. 7C or the 2-split element arranged in FIG. 7A may be used.
  • the light that has passed through this wavefront multi-splitting optical path length conversion element 360 is condensed by a condensing lens 314 and enters the optical fiber 330 .
  • a diffusion plate 488 is arranged in the middle of the optical path. Therefore, in the optical characteristic control unit 480 of FIG. 16(c), the wavefront multi-dividing optical path length conversion element 360 and the diffusion plate 488 are used together, so that both the phase synchronization characteristic and the phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic) can be operated/controlled at the same time. be done.
  • FIG. 16(e) shows the surface condition of the diffusion plate 488.
  • the first light diffusion region 489-1 having a relatively small average surface roughness value “Ra1” and its average period “Pa1” constitutes the first region 212 .
  • the average surface roughness value “Ra2” and its average period “Pa2” are relatively large (satisfying the relationship “Ra2/Ra1 > 1” and “Pa2/Pa1 > 1”)
  • second light diffusion Region 489-2 constitutes second region 214.
  • Each of the first light diffusion region 489-1 and the second light diffusion region 489-2 forms a fan shape with a central angle of 30 degrees, and is alternately arranged as shown in FIG. 16(e). there is
  • the boundary line between the first light diffusion region 489-1 and the second light diffusion region 489-2 is in a tilted relationship with respect to the boundary line for angular division within the multi-segmented optical path length conversion element 360. . That is, two of the boundary lines dividing the angle in the multi-segment optical path length conversion element 360 are parallel to the horizontal axis 450 and the vertical axis 460 . In contrast, all boundary lines between the first light diffusion region 489-1 and the second light diffusion region 489-2 have a tilted relationship with respect to the horizontal axis 450 and the vertical axis 460.
  • FIG. In other words, an arrangement in which a boundary line between the first light diffusion region 489-1 and the second light diffusion region 489-2 exists within an arbitrary region within the 48-divided wavefront multi-divided optical path length conversion element 360. It has become.
  • the second The effects described in Chapter 3 are greatly (maximally) exhibited.
  • the ⁇ boundary line between the first light diffusion region 489-1 and the second light diffusion region 489-2'' with respect to the ⁇ boundary line for angular division in the multi-divided optical path length conversion element 360'' The greatest effect is obtained when the "angle formed by" is "half" of the "angle of angular division in the multi-divided optical path length conversion element 360". That is, in FIG.
  • FIGS. 17A and 17B show structural examples within the optical property conversion block 390.
  • the optical characteristic conversion block 390 can be arranged in the optical path of the initial light 200 to manipulate/control the optical characteristic of the initial light 200 .
  • the optical property conversion block 390 shown in FIG. 17A is placed in the far region 180 of the initial light 200 (for example, in the middle of the optical path of the parallel beam) to generate the predetermined light 230 whose optical property is manipulated/controlled. Also in this optical characteristic conversion block 390, both the phase synchronization characteristic and the phase characteristic (wavefront characteristic) are simultaneously manipulated/controlled.
  • the wavefront multi-splitting optical path length conversion element 360 is first arranged along the traveling direction of the initial light 200, and the phase synchronization characteristic is first operated/controlled.
  • a diffuser 488 or diffraction grating or hologram is then placed to manipulate/control the phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics).
  • a substantially parallel light beam passes through the wavefront multi-splitting optical path length conversion element 360 . Since the light passing through the diffuser plate 488, the diffraction grating, or the hologram travels in various directions, light is synthesized in the space immediately after passing through the diffuser plate 488, the diffraction grating, or the hologram.
  • the space immediately after passing through the diffusion plate 488 or the diffraction grating or the hologram becomes the light combining place 220 .
  • predetermined light 230 is obtained. If operated/controlled in the above order along the light traveling direction 348 in the optical property conversion block 390, the most efficient and large effect can be exhibited.
  • optical elements constituting the optical characteristic conversion block 390 shown in FIG. 17A are only the wavefront multi-division optical path length conversion element 360 and the diffusion plate 488 (or diffraction grating or hologram), it is easy to reduce the thickness and cost. There are advantages.
  • optical property conversion block 390 shown in FIG. 17B illustrates how to manipulate/control the optical properties of the given light 230 in a manner consistent with the technology trend. That is, the optical characteristic conversion block 390 of FIG. 17B is arranged in the middle of the optical propagation path 6 passing through the optical fiber (waveguide) 330 .
  • the inlet of the optical property conversion block 390 in FIG. 17B is connected to the input side optical fiber 392 and the outlet of the optical property conversion block 390 is connected to the output side optical fiber 398 .
  • the initial light 200 emitted from the input side optical fiber 392 is converted by the collimator lens 318 into a substantially parallel light flux.
  • a substantially parallel light flux first passes through the wavefront multi-segmenting optical path length conversion element 360 along the light traveling direction 348 .
  • the phase synchronization characteristic is manipulated/controlled.
  • This wavefront multi-splitting optical path length conversion element 360 may be arranged in the vicinity region 170 close to the exit face of the input side optical fiber 392 . However, considering the slight decrease in the amount of light on the boundary surface (for example, the side surface of the step in FIG. 7C) in the wavefront multi-segmented optical path length conversion element 360, the wave front multi-segmented optical path length conversion element 360 should not be arranged in the far region 180. is desirable. Also, the shape of the wavefront multi-split optical path length conversion element 360 in FIG. 17B is the 48-split element already described in FIG. 7B.
  • the specific shape of the wavefront multi-split optical path length conversion element 360 is not limited to this, and the 12-split element described in FIG. 7C or the 2-split element arranged in FIG. 7A may be used.
  • the light After passing through the wavefront multi-splitting optical path length conversion element 360 along the light traveling direction 348 , the light is condensed toward the output side optical fiber 398 by the condensing lens 314 .
  • a diffuser plate 488 is arranged just before the entrance of the output side optical fiber 398 .
  • a first light diffusion region 489-1 and a second light diffusion region 489-2 are formed on the surface of the diffusion plate 488 facing the entrance of the output side optical fiber 398 (the surface closest to the entrance of the output side optical fiber 398). formed.
  • the first light diffusion region 489-1 having a relatively small surface roughness average value "Ra1” and its average period “Pa1” constitutes the first region 212.
  • the average surface roughness value “Ra2” and its average period “Pa2” are relatively large (satisfying the relationship “Ra2/Ra1 > 1” and “Pa2/Pa1 > 1”)
  • second light diffusion Region 489-2 constitutes second region 214.
  • the first light 202 and the second light 204 are combined in the process of light propagation in the output side optical fiber 398 . Therefore, the inside of this output side optical fiber 398 functions as a light combining place 220 .
  • the phase synchronization characteristics are sequentially operated/controlled and the phase characteristics (wavefront characteristics) are operated/controlled, and the light is combined (that is, after passing through the optical path length conversion element 360 along the light traveling direction 348).
  • the effects of Chapter 3 can be most efficiently exhibited.
  • a diffraction grating or a hologram having a fine uneven structure on the surface may be arranged.
  • the entrance end surface of the output side optical fiber may have an uneven structure.
  • a first region 212 and a second region 214 having different surface roughness average values "Ra" and average periods "Pa” may be formed in the entrance end face of the exit-side optical fiber.
  • a measurement method and service provision method using imaging spectrum which is a combination of imaging technology and spectral characteristic measurement technology, will be described below. However, it is not limited to imaging spectroscopic measurement, and may be applied to any measurement or service provision using the predetermined light 230 described up to the previous chapter.
  • FIG. 18A shows the spectral characteristics of the absorbance obtained experimentally from glucose dissolved in pure water.
  • the vertical axis of FIG. 18A represents the absorbance on a linear scale.
  • the predetermined light 230 described above was used for the measurement of FIG. 18A.
  • Most of the internal volume of the aqueous glucose solution is occupied by pure water. Therefore, most of the spectral characteristics obtained from the aqueous glucose solution consist of "spectral characteristics of pure water only". Therefore, the data of the "spectral characteristics of pure water only" are measured in advance, and the "spectral characteristics of pure water only" are subtracted from the spectral characteristics obtained from the aqueous glucose solution to obtain the spectral characteristics of the absorbance of single glucose dissolved in pure water. Extracted.
  • the measurement data in FIG. 18A(a) shows that glucose dissolved in pure water has a large light absorption near the wavelength of 1.6 ⁇ m.
  • This light absorption band is presumed to be due to the vibration mode of a hydrogen atom singly bonded to a carbon atom in a five-membered ring that constitutes glucose. Although the amount of light absorption is small, it seems that a light absorption band corresponding to glucose also exists near the wavelength of 1.24 ⁇ m shown in FIG. 18A(d).
  • Glucose is well soluble in water. In general, substances that dissolve well in water (soluble) often have local polarity. When this polar substance dissolves in pure water, a hydrogen bond chain is likely to occur in the pure water centering on this polar portion. When this hydrogen bond chain in pure water occurs, the maximum light absorption wavelength value in the "spectral characteristics of pure water only" shifts to the longer wavelength side. As a result, it is expected that the absorbance changes in FIGS. 18A(b) and (c) appeared.
  • FIG. 18B shows absorbance characteristics of glucose alone.
  • the vertical axis of FIG. 18B is represented by "absorbance" on a logarithmic scale.
  • FIG. 18B shows Yukihiro Ozaki, Satoshi Kawata, eds.: Near-infrared spectroscopy (2005, Gakkai Publishing Center), p. Reprinted from 211.
  • absorption bands are observed at wavelengths of 1.6 ⁇ m and 1.26 ⁇ m. Therefore, the credibility of the measurement data of FIG. 18A could be confirmed from the comparison of FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B.
  • FIGS. 19(a), 19(b), and 19(c) each show comparative measurement data of the relative absorbance of pure water, a polyethylene sheet, and a silk scarf. All of these data were measured using the predetermined light 230 explained up to the previous chapter. There is a large difference in absorbance between the pure water obtained in the actual measurement, the polyethylene sheet, and the silk. In FIG. 19, the amount of change in absorbance is corrected for easy comparison.
  • a living body is mainly composed of three major constituents: “carbohydrate”, “fat”, and “protein”.
  • “Carbohydrate” here refers to the aforementioned members of the glucose family present in either isolated (monosaccharide) or linked (polysaccharide) form. Also, many of the atomic arrangements within the "fat” are structurally similar to polyethylene. In addition, silk is made from “proteins”. Roughly speaking, therefore, the absorption characteristics of the four major constituents of the living body, including water, are considered to exhibit absorption characteristics similar to those shown in either FIG. 18A or FIG.
  • FIG. 20A shows an example of a measurement environment using imaging spectroscopy.
  • the predetermined light 230 described up to the previous chapter is emitted from the light source unit 2 .
  • a predetermined light 230 emitted from the light source unit 2 is reflected by the palm 23 in the measurement object 22 and enters the measurement unit 8 .
  • FIG. 20B shows an example of an image captured within the measurement unit 8. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 20B, there is a vascular region 500 at a predetermined location inside palm 23 .
  • FIG. 20C shows an example of an enlarged image around the blood vessel region 500.
  • the spectral characteristics of each pixel in the one-dimensionally arranged image are measured.
  • a connection region of pixels in which spectral characteristics can be measured at the same time is called a simultaneous measurement range 510 .
  • the spectral characteristics (absorbance characteristics) shown in FIG. 20C(b) are obtained from the fatty region 504 within the simultaneous measurable range 510 of FIG. 20C. Also, from the blood vessel region 500 and the muscle-rich region 502 within the simultaneous measurable range 510, spectral characteristics (absorbance characteristics) shown in FIGS. 20C(a) and 20C(c) are obtained. Therefore, for example, the arrangement information of the blood vessel region 500 can be predicted from the spectral characteristics (light absorption characteristics) obtained for each pixel within the simultaneous measurable range 510 .
  • a plurality of simultaneous measurable ranges 510-1 and -2 can be made at the same time, and at the same time, the number of pixels whose spectral characteristics can be measured increases. As a result, the number of imaging spectroscopic pixels that can be measured at one time is dramatically increased. Furthermore, if the simultaneously measurable ranges 510-1 and -2 can be simultaneously moved 520, the spectral characteristics of all two-dimensional pixels can be collected in a very short time. In other words, the simultaneous movement 520 moves the position of the simultaneous measurable range 510-1 to the position of the simultaneous measurable range 510-2 before the simultaneous movement 520, so that the spectral characteristics of all pixels can be collected in a short time.
  • the optical characteristic conversion element 210 already described with reference to FIG. 5A is arranged in the measurement unit 4 in this embodiment.
  • the spectral characteristic information for every two-dimensional pixel is called a data cube.
  • the spectral characteristic information (data cube) for each two-dimensional pixel can be measured.
  • 20E and 20F show a method of obtaining spectral characteristic information for each three-dimensional pixel including the depth direction (z-axis direction).
  • the distance in the depth direction Acquisition of data cubes dependent on " Z0 " is possible.
  • Vergence angle changes.
  • the measured position “Z 0 ” in the front-back (depth or depth) direction changes.
  • FIG. 20F shows a method of controlling (varying) the spacing between the imaging lenses 310-1, 310-2 and the slits 324-1, 324-2 to improve the resolution in the front-back (depth or depth) direction. indicates Furthermore, narrowing the slit width (the width of the area through which the detection light passes) in the slits 324-1 and 324-2 further improves the resolution in the front-rear (depth or depth) direction.
  • FIG. 20E shows the case where the data cube can be collected from the optimum measurement position within the measurement object 24.
  • FIG. 20E shows the case where the data cube can be collected from the optimum measurement position within the measurement object 24.
  • FIG. In comparison, the detection light from FIGS. 20F(a) and 20F(b) protrudes from the width of the slits 324-1 and 324-2. 20F(a) and 20F(b) do not reach the imaging elements 300-1 and 300-2 because they are shielded by the slits 324-1 and 324-2. For this reason, the resolution in the front-back (depth or depth) direction is improved.
  • FIG. 21A shows a cross-sectional view (XZ cross-sectional view) on the slit 350 (optical property conversion element 210) in a planar direction including the X-axis.
  • the predetermined light 230 traveling along the “XZ plane” on the slit 350 (optical property conversion element 210 ) moves in the “Xd” direction on the imaging device 300 .
  • FIG. 21B shows a cross-sectional view (YZ cross-sectional view) in the plane direction including the Y-axis on the slit 350 (optical property conversion element 210).
  • Different points “ ⁇ ” and “ ⁇ ” on the slit 350 along the Y-axis form images on different points “ ⁇ ” and “ ⁇ ” on the imaging device 300 along the Yd direction.
  • a focused image of a location (for example, the vicinity of the blood vessel region 500 in the palm 23) to be subjected to imaging spectroscopic measurement in the measurement object 22 in FIG. 20A is focused on the slit 350 (optical property conversion element 210) in FIGS. make an image Then, only the formed image area corresponding to the simultaneous measurable range 510 (FIGS. 20C and 20D) in the measurement object 22 passes through the light transmission areas " ⁇ " and " ⁇ " in the slit.
  • the predetermined light 230 that has passed through the ⁇ region in FIG. 21A is converted into a parallel light beam " ⁇ 0" by the collimating lens 318, and then dispersed on the surface of the spectroscopic element (blazed grating) 320.
  • the long-wavelength light travels in the direction of " ⁇ 2" as parallel light
  • the short-wavelength light travels in the direction of " ⁇ 1” as parallel light.
  • the short-wavelength light traveling in the " ⁇ 1" direction is condensed on the " ⁇ point” within the spectral characteristic detection region 302 of the ⁇ -region passing light.
  • the long-wavelength light traveling in the “ ⁇ 2” direction is condensed on the “ ⁇ point” within the spectral characteristic detection region 302 of the ⁇ -region passing light.
  • the wavelengths separated in this way are condensed at different positions in the "Xd” direction within the spectral characteristic detection region 302 of the ⁇ -region passing light. Therefore, by measuring the detected intensity distribution along the “Xd” direction in the spectral characteristic detection region 302 of the ⁇ -region passing light, the spectral characteristics of the predetermined light 230 that has passed through the ⁇ -region can be measured.
  • the predetermined light 230 that has passed through the ⁇ area in FIG. 21A is converted into a parallel light beam " ⁇ 0" by the collimating lens 318, and then dispersed on the surface of the spectroscopic element (blazed grating) 320.
  • the long-wavelength light travels in the direction of " ⁇ 2" as parallel light
  • the short-wavelength light travels in the direction of " ⁇ 1” as parallel light.
  • this parallel light is condensed on the surface of the imaging device 300 after passing through the condensing lens 314 .
  • the short-wavelength light traveling in the " ⁇ 1" direction is condensed on the " ⁇ point” within the spectral characteristic detection region 304 of the ⁇ region passing light.
  • the long-wavelength light traveling in the " ⁇ 2" direction is condensed on the " ⁇ point” within the spectral characteristic detection region 304 of the ⁇ region passing light.
  • the wavelengths thus dispersed are condensed at different positions in the "Xd” direction within the spectral characteristic detection region 304 of the ⁇ region passing light. Therefore, by measuring the detected intensity distribution along the "Xd" direction in the spectral characteristic detection area 304 of the ⁇ area passing light, the spectral characteristic of the predetermined light 230 that has passed through the ⁇ area can be measured.
  • moving mechanism 444 of imaging lens 310 in FIG. The mechanism 444 is operated to move the imaging lens 310 or the slit 350 (optical property conversion element 210).
  • the position of the slit 350 (optical characteristic conversion element 210) is fixed.
  • the positions of the spectral characteristic detection area 302 for the ⁇ -area passing light and the spectral characteristic detection area 304 for the ⁇ area-passing light in the image sensor 300 are fixed.
  • Signal processing can be simplified, so that only the imaging lens 310 can be moved while the position of the slit 350 (optical property conversion element 210) is fixed when used in an application field that permits slow data cube acquisition. It is desirable to let
  • the weight (mass) of the imaging lens 310 is overwhelmingly larger than the weight (mass) of the slit 350 (optical characteristic conversion element 210). Therefore, when used in an application field in which simultaneous movement 520 of the simultaneously measurable ranges 510-1 and -2 is desired at high speed, only the slit 350 (optical characteristic conversion element 210) is used by fixing the position of the imaging lens 310. It is desirable to move In this case, along with the movement of the slit 350 (optical property conversion element 210), the positions of the spectral property detection region 302 for the ⁇ region passing light and the spectral property detection region 304 for the ⁇ region passing light in the imaging device 300 are shifted.
  • the spectroscopic element 320 works as a simple plane mirror. Therefore, the formed image corresponding to the image on the slit 350 (optical property conversion element 210) appears in the "Yd direction" on the imaging element 300 as it is. That is, the predetermined light 230 emitted from the “ ⁇ point” on the slit 350 (optical property conversion element 210 ) is focused on the “ ⁇ point” on the imaging device 300 . Further, the predetermined light 230 radiated from the “ ⁇ point” on the slit 350 (optical property conversion element 210 ) is focused on the “ ⁇ point” on the imaging device 300 . As described above, in the imaging spectroscopy of this embodiment, the formed image appears in the “Yd direction” on the imaging device 300 and the spectral characteristics appear in the “Xd direction” on the imaging device 300 .
  • FIG. 22A shows the hierarchical structure of the platforms controlled within the application field (various optical application fields) matching unit 60.
  • FIG. Each block in FIG. 22A may be implemented in hardware. Alternatively, a software module may be formed for each block. When this software module is formed, it may be subject to command control from an upper layer via an API (application interface).
  • API application interface
  • An integrated management control block 602 is placed in the highest service integration layer 600, where overall control including service provision to users is performed.
  • a data cube collection control block 612 , a collected data management block 614 , a billing/maintenance control block 616 , and various service provision blocks 618 are installed in an execution control layer 610 for various processes below.
  • the depth direction measurement control unit 622, the measurement unit control block 620, the data recording unit 626, the time-varying data cube recording unit 628, and the data processing block 630 can be individually controlled. It is structured. Also, from the control block 620 of this measurement unit, a temperature (far infrared light) measurement control unit (thermography) 660, a visible light measurement control unit 650, and a near infrared light measurement control unit 640 can be individually and integrally controlled. ing.
  • a temperature (far infrared light) measurement control unit (thermography) 660, a visible light measurement control unit 650, and a near infrared light measurement control unit 640 can be individually and integrally controlled. ing.
  • the near-infrared light measurement control unit 640 appropriately operates the dark current measurement control unit 642, the reference signal measurement control unit 646, and the measurement signal measurement control unit 648 to collect a highly accurate data cube.
  • FIG. 22B shows the control system structure within the data processing block 630 described in FIG. 22A. That is, the data processing block 630 includes an area identification/separation processing unit 670 in the screen, a predetermined signal (spectrum) extraction unit 680, a time change component extraction processing unit 700, and summation of each signal extracted for each common predetermined area. A processing unit 710 and a quantification prediction processing unit (absorbance correction) 720 for each component are set.
  • the area identification/separation processing unit 670 in the screen includes an individual identification processing unit (visible light image use) 672 and an intra-individual identification processing unit (near infrared light image use) 676 installed at the bottom, and intra-individual predetermined region extraction.
  • the part 678 is operated to extract the part whose spectral characteristics are to be measured.
  • a comparison signal (spectrum) generation unit 682 having a predetermined signal (spectrum) extraction unit 680 installed at the bottom and a subtraction process of the comparison signal (spectrum) from the measurement signal are performed.
  • the comparison signal (spectrum) generation unit 682 operates an intra-individual predetermined region temperature prediction unit 692, a comparison signal temperature correction processing unit 696, and a comparison signal database 698 installed at a lower level to correct the measurement result.
  • FIG. 23 shows a series of processing procedures from data cube extraction to data processing and service provision to users using the platform described in FIG. 22A.
  • the processing procedure will be explained using the “method for automatically collecting blood sugar levels” as an example.
  • the procedure described in FIG. 23 is not limited to this, and can be applied to a wide range of processing procedures.
  • the measurement unit 8 first collects data cube signals (SZT2). All data cube signals collected here are temporarily stored in the collected data management block 614, and data processing described later is executed.
  • the individual identification processing unit (visible light image utilization) 672 utilizes the information of the visible light image obtained from the visible light measurement control unit 650, all data Extract only the person area in the cube.
  • the intra-individual identification processing section (using the near-infrared light image) 676 performs the identification processing for each region. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 20C, near-infrared spectral characteristics are used to identify regions such as a blood vessel region 500, a fat region 504, a muscle region 502, and the like.
  • the intra-individual predetermined region extraction unit 678 extracts the intra-individual predetermined region (ST5).
  • the body contains many constituents and has a complex structure, it is not possible to obtain high measurement accuracy simply by analyzing the spectral characteristics of a specific region extracted from the individual. Therefore, the following data processing operations are performed to obtain high measurement accuracy. For example, when it is desired to measure a blood sugar level, it is necessary to remove unnecessary water components from the spectral characteristics obtained from the blood vessel region 500 and extract only the spectral characteristics of the glucose component contained in the blood. Even if an attempt is made to remove the signal component from the water in the blood vessel region 500, the spectral characteristics of water change greatly with temperature. As a result, error signals shown in FIGS. 18A(b) and 18A(c) are mixed.
  • temperature correction regarding the spectral characteristics of water is performed in the temperature correction processing unit 696 of the comparison signal.
  • the intra-solid predetermined region temperature prediction unit 692 controls the temperature (far-infrared light) measurement control unit 660 using thermography to measure the blood vessel temperature.
  • the spectral characteristic information of water for each measured temperature recorded in advance in the comparison signal database 698 is read, and the measured blood vessel temperature is corrected. Determining the spectral properties of water.
  • the comparison signal (spectrum) generation unit 682 water spectral characteristic information corresponding to the blood vessel temperature calculated above is generated.
  • the spectral component of water is subtracted from the spectral characteristic information obtained from the blood vessel region 500 in the subtraction processing unit 684 of the comparison signal (spectrum) from the measurement signal to extract the spectral characteristic of glucose.
  • This series of processes corresponds to the predetermined signal (spectrum) extraction step (ST6).
  • time-varying component extraction process ST7
  • the time-varying pulsation component is extracted in the time-varying component extraction unit 700, and the signal is separated from the cholesterol inside the blood vessel.
  • step ST8 of summation processing of the extracted signals the summation processing unit 710 of the summation processing unit 710 of the signals extracted for each common predetermined region obtains from all the blood vessel regions 500, for example. Sum the signals.
  • step ST9 of the quantification prediction processing for each component absorbance correction is performed inside the quantification prediction processing unit 720 for each component to predict the absolute value of the content for each component.
  • step ST11 for service provision services are provided to the user based on the data processing results. For example, when the risk of diabetes is found in the result of blood sugar level measurement, the user or the family doctor may be notified by e-mail. The service may be provided to the user not only by such notification, but also by other appropriate methods.
  • data collection/analysis/service provision is terminated (ST12).
  • FIG. 24 shows an application example of this embodiment.
  • a light propagation path 6 from the light source unit 2 to the measurement unit 8 is installed in the middle of the route for the substances separated by liquid chromatography to the mass spectrometry unit, and the components of the substances separated by liquid chromatography are analyzed. good.
  • FIG. 25 shows a method of simultaneous parallel analysis using imaging spectroscopy for each component two-dimensionally separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis.
  • a positive electrode 912 and a negative electrode 918 are arranged in the two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis container 900 .
  • a SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) direction 930 is defined along the gel concentration gradient direction 922 of the gradient gel 920 in the two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis container 900 .
  • an isoelectric focusing direction 940 is set in a direction perpendicular to it.
  • a light source unit 2 is installed in the rear part of the two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis container 900 .
  • a predetermined light 230 emitted from the light source unit 2 passes through the inside of the two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis container 900 and reaches the measurement unit 8 arranged in front.
  • the measuring section 8 has the optical structure already described with reference to FIGS. 5A, 21A, and 21B.
  • a voice coil or the like is built in the movement mechanism 444 connected to the slit 350 via the connecting part 950, and current is passed through the voice coil to move the slit 350.
  • the distance between imaging lens 310 and slit 350 must be maintained with high accuracy. Therefore, if the imaging lens 310 is fixed, for example, a device is required to prevent the distance between the imaging lens 310 and the slit 350 from changing when the slit 350 is moved. Therefore, a slit sliding/sensor section 960 that slides on a part of the slit 350 is installed.
  • a rotating column 966 that rotates and slides with respect to a part of the slit 350 and a rotating column support portion 964 that fixes it are set inside the slit sliding/sensor portion 960 .
  • a pressing spring 968 of the rotary column support portion presses the rotary column support portion 964 in the direction of the slit 350 .
  • a slit position detection light source 972 and an optical slit position detector 978 are arranged inside the slit sliding/sensor section 960, and the slit position can be detected with high accuracy by optical means. Then, the slit position is fed back 962 based on the detection signal here, and the corresponding measurement wavelength value for each pixel in the "Xd" direction in the imaging device 300 is converted.
  • Optical application field 102 ... Contents of (desirable) optical properties required for each optical application field, 170... Condensing plane/imaging plane or its vicinity, 180 --- Far area: Far from the condensing surface/imaging surface (including light before and after passing through the lens), 200... initial light, 202...
  • Optical properties to be operated/controlled 258: location of optical characteristic conversion element, 260: classification content, 270... Contents of optical characteristic conversion elements, 280... Operation/control parameters, 290... Symbols, 300... image sensor, 310, 312... imaging lens, 314... condensing lens, 316... rotation mirror, 318... collimating lens, 320 ... spectral element (blazed grating _blazed grating), 326 ... screen, 330 ... optical fiber (waveguide _wave guide), 332 ... core area, 334...clad area, 340...light guide (waveguide), 348...light traveling direction, 350... Slit 352... Spherical aberration generating element (parallel plate), 354...
  • Coma aberration generating element (inclined plate), 360 ... optical path length changing wave front divider, 380... Side surface of step, 390... Optical property conversion block, 392... Incident optical fiber, 398 ... outgoing optical fiber, 400 ... initial Wave Train, 402 ... unsynchronized phase, 406... wave front divided, 408... delayed after division (divided & delayed), 410 ... photosynthesizing, 420 ... light intensity averaging (Ensemble average effect of intensities), 430-0/-1/-2... Wave train of different phase, 470... Light-emitting part, 472... Lamp, 474... concave mirror, 476... heat insulating plate, 478-1/-2... fan, 480...
  • optical characteristic control unit 482-1/-2... photodetector, 484... aperture limiter, 488... diffusion plate, 489-1 (212)... first light diffusion region (first region), 489-2 (214) ... second light diffusion region (second region), 492, 494 ... ND filter (neutral density filter), 496 ... band pass filter or high pass filter, 498 ... band pass filter or low pass filter, 500... Blood vessel area

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Abstract

Selon l'invention, une première lumière à première caractéristique optique est formée dans un premier chemin optique, une seconde lumière à seconde caractéristique optique est formée dans un second chemin optique et les première et seconde lumières sont combinées pour former une lumière prédéterminée. Ici, au moins des parties des premier et second chemins optiques diffèrent, tandis que les première et seconde caractéristiques optiques afférentes diffèrent.　En variante, une lumière prédéterminée est formée par un élément de conversion de caractéristiques optiques comportant une structure spatiale constituée d'une première région et d'une seconde région qui diffèrent l'une de l'autre, dans laquelle des caractéristiques optiques diffèrent entre la première lumière à première caractéristique optique après traversée de la première région et une seconde lumière à seconde caractéristique optique après traversée de la seconde région et qui est susceptible de générer la lumière prédéterminée par combinaison des première et seconde lumières.　En outre, un procédé et un dispositif employant la lumière prédéterminée peuvent s'appliquer à une imagerie ou à une observation/mesure, tandis qu'un système de fourniture de service utilisant les informations obtenues ainsi peut être construit.
PCT/JP2021/006685 2021-02-22 2021-02-22 Procédé de génération de lumière prédéterminée, procédé d'utilisation de lumière prédéterminée, procédé de fourniture de service utilisant une lumière prédéterminée, procédé de mesure/imagerie, élément de conversion de caractéristiques optiques, unité source lumineuse, unité de mesure, dispositif d'observation, dispositif d'utilisation de lumière prédéterminée et système de fourniture de service WO2022176208A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2021/006685 WO2022176208A1 (fr) 2021-02-22 2021-02-22 Procédé de génération de lumière prédéterminée, procédé d'utilisation de lumière prédéterminée, procédé de fourniture de service utilisant une lumière prédéterminée, procédé de mesure/imagerie, élément de conversion de caractéristiques optiques, unité source lumineuse, unité de mesure, dispositif d'observation, dispositif d'utilisation de lumière prédéterminée et système de fourniture de service
PCT/JP2022/001156 WO2022176466A1 (fr) 2021-02-22 2022-01-14 Procédé de génération de lumière prédéterminée, procédé d'utilisation de lumière prédéterminée, procédé de fourniture de service à l'aide de lumière prédéterminée, procédé de mesure/imagerie, élément de conversion de caractéristiques optiques, unité source lumineuse, unité de dimensionnement, dispositif de mesure, dispositif d'utilisation de lumière prédéterminée et système de fourniture de service
JP2023500635A JPWO2022176466A1 (fr) 2021-02-22 2022-01-14
US18/341,902 US20230341263A1 (en) 2021-02-22 2023-06-27 Synthesized light generating method, synthesized light applying method, and optical measuring method

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PCT/JP2022/001156 WO2022176466A1 (fr) 2021-02-22 2022-01-14 Procédé de génération de lumière prédéterminée, procédé d'utilisation de lumière prédéterminée, procédé de fourniture de service à l'aide de lumière prédéterminée, procédé de mesure/imagerie, élément de conversion de caractéristiques optiques, unité source lumineuse, unité de dimensionnement, dispositif de mesure, dispositif d'utilisation de lumière prédéterminée et système de fourniture de service

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JP2000206449A (ja) * 1999-01-18 2000-07-28 Sony Corp 照明装置、照明方法及び画像表示装置
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WO2018124299A1 (fr) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-05 コニカミノルタ株式会社 Dispositif d'affichage d'image virtuelle et procédé correspondant
WO2018211704A1 (fr) * 2017-05-19 2018-11-22 オリンパス株式会社 Appareil d'éclairage, système d'imagerie contenant ledit appareil d'éclairage, et système de microscope et système d'endoscope contenant ledit système d'imagerie
JP2020159973A (ja) * 2019-03-27 2020-10-01 ウシオ電機株式会社 光測定用光源装置、分光測定装置及び分光測定方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1123819A (ja) * 1997-07-07 1999-01-29 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 色分離位相格子及びこれを用いた画像表示装置、レンズ、光情報記録再生装置
JP2000206449A (ja) * 1999-01-18 2000-07-28 Sony Corp 照明装置、照明方法及び画像表示装置
JP2013044727A (ja) * 2011-08-26 2013-03-04 Fujitsu Ltd 電磁波イメージング装置
US20170122806A1 (en) * 2015-10-01 2017-05-04 National Security Technologies, Llc Long-pulse-width variable-wavelength chirped pulse generator and method
WO2018124299A1 (fr) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-05 コニカミノルタ株式会社 Dispositif d'affichage d'image virtuelle et procédé correspondant
WO2018211704A1 (fr) * 2017-05-19 2018-11-22 オリンパス株式会社 Appareil d'éclairage, système d'imagerie contenant ledit appareil d'éclairage, et système de microscope et système d'endoscope contenant ledit système d'imagerie
JP2020159973A (ja) * 2019-03-27 2020-10-01 ウシオ電機株式会社 光測定用光源装置、分光測定装置及び分光測定方法

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