WO2022173316A1

WO2022173316A1 - Building structure

Info

Publication number: WO2022173316A1
Application number: PCT/PL2021/000015
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jarosław Wiśniewski
Original assignee: Wisniewski Jaroslaw
Priority date: 2021-02-09
Filing date: 2021-03-22
Publication date: 2022-08-18
Also published as: PL436907A1; US20240117625A1; CA3210733A1; EP4291733A1

Abstract

The building structure is characterized in that building modules are made of pipes (1) and (3) culverts that pass through walls longitudinally rather than transversely, through entire modules; pull-cables are guided through the culverts of entire modules; the pull-cables pull the building together to the shape of the desired building layout and keep it suspended; the building core as is made of dismantlable modules tied together with flexible, vertical pull- cables, through culverts

Description

Building structure

A new and original building structure to be used in construction provides tbe subject to the present document.

Numerous building structures are known.

The description of invention no. P 403270 provides information on a modular prefabricated building, incorporating a skeleton of reinforced concrete with foot pillars. The structure is characterized by the fact that the columns are detachably connected, with the use of threaded elements, with layered walls, ground beams, sub-roof load bearing beams. The layered wall is connected to the column by means of threaded culverts embedded in the wall, into which threaded studs, placed in the column and tightened with nuts, are bolted. The ground beam is attached to the column and to the foot pillar with the use of threaded rods and mounting dowels. A modular prefabricated building provides a repeatable element of a modular system, which allows for connecting modular buildings, being public utility facilities, in a folding, reusable version.

Recognized solutions include fixed structures that cannot be disassembled and displaced. Identified modular, reinforced concrete and monolithic solutions are based on mesh reinforcement (bars). In contrast, the invention-based solution uses frames, made of square or round pipes, embedded in a cover of reinforced concrete. According to this solution, the frame of the module acts also as a bushing through whieh pull-cables that hold the building structure are pulled. The parameters obtained in this way (assuming that mesh reinforcement is applied parallel), prove much more advantageous to the design parameters obtained in traditional structures reinforced with mesh (bars) only.

According to the invention, the essence of the building’s structure lies in the fact that the building modules are made of pipes that act as culverts, that pass through walls longitudinally rather than transversely, through entire modules; pull-cables are guided through the culverts of entire modules; the pull-cables pull the building together to the shape of the desired building layout and to keep it suspended; the building core as is made of dismantlable modules tied together with flexible, vertical pull-cables, through culverts.

In the invention-based solution, the inter-floor ceiling slab may be vertically separated with reinforced concrete modules, placed every story or every group of stories (creating a section of 4 storeys of modules, for example) that carry loads, stiffen and stabilize the building. In case no inter-floor ceiling slabs are introduced between the modules, the roof function is performed directly by the module’s ceilings. Reinforced concrete modules applied in the invention-based solution transfer vertical forces, as well as horizontal forces and forces at intermediate angles (between horizontal and vertical). The use of the invention-based structure affects improvement in safety, costs reduction and shortens implementation time. According to the invention-based structure, the use of pull-cables, tie-beams and hoists to connect modules and sets of modules eliminates the gaps between those modules. The use of pull-cables in the invention-based structure makes it possible to obtain adequate flexibility and seismic resistance of the building. Depending on the needs, various pull-cables, including composite, steel, kinetic ropes and suchlike, can be used in the invention-based structure.

The invention-based structure offers a possibility for modular buildings to be assembled and disassembled multiple times. By using the invention-based structure, the product' s life cycle is significantly extended by eliminating the disassembly method with explosives and detonation. The method is commonly applied, especially in the case of reinforced concrete objects.

On the one hand, the invention-based structure is characterized by rigidity. On the other hand, it offers an advantage of flexibility in situations such as earthquakes, tornadoes, tsunamis, landslides and post-mining damage, as well as in case of other exceptional loads put on the object. By application of vertical and transverse rope clamps, safety of use is improved, whereas the risk of collapse, destruction or damage to the building is reduced.

The building structure consists of building modules created of a frame, longitudinal culverts, transport sockets and pull-cables. Inner frame used for the production of construction modules acts simultaneously as modular culverts, each ended with sockets for anchoring pull-cables with which to suspend and connect the building modules.

In the invention-based structure, a frame with sockets, as well as with vertical and horizontal culverts, allows vertical and horizontal pull-cable braces to be conducted. These can serve as inter-module connections and as reinforcement to the entire objects (structures composed of modules).

The building structure consists of a core (building core), of modules interconnected with vertical pull-cable braces, rigid upper frame (e.g. vertical traverse or upper ceiling that functions as a traverse), rigid bottom frame (e.g. foundation plate), pull-cable braces. The pull-cables pass through culverts that cover pull-cables or that are anchored in sockets, in which the pull-cables can be anchored vertically or horizontally. The structure is stabilized by tensioning. The inner frame constitutes a structure that significantly facilitates and accelerates the assembly processes, as it enables the atachment of various installations, e.g. reinforcement nets and bars electricity installations, heating and suchlike to be performed at the stage prior to pouring the structure form. Once poured in the form, the frame acts as a reinforcement element of the structure’s building modules. The frame is provided with transport sockets for fastening transport handles and for module transportation. It also acts as modular culverts (through the entire modules), with sockets on the edges of the culverts, to allow pull-cables used for suspensions and connections of building modules to be anchored.

Each frame consists of a socket, vertical columns and horizontal bars. Sockets are placed at the comers of the frame or at the edges of the culverts, provided that additional culverts are used beyond the module frame. The transport socket acts also as the connector and modular passage, vertical or horizontal, respectively.

The use of a frame with sockets and vertical and horizontal culverts makes it possible to conduct vertical and horizontal pull-cable braces, which may perform a function inter-module connections and may act as reinforcement to entire buildings. Owing to this feature, the buildings can be dismantled and displaced multiple times. The sockets allow for conducting or wedging the vertical braces. The frame pipes (columns and bars) serve also as passages through the modules and the pull-cable covers. Sockets may perform functions depending on the needs for the passage of a pull-cable or its wedging (by holding a module or a group of modules in a fixed position, by which gravity and other loads are counteracted).

Each module is equipped with 8 comer sockets. Modules can be equipped with central sockets (in ease of using additional passages beyond the frame module). Braces pass through the frame and the sockets. If the braces are placed in a different part (beyond the module corner) of the wail or ceiling plane, an additional passage (bolt (vertical culvert) or pole (transverse culvert)) must be introduced. In the case of horizontal braces/tie, the pull-cables are anchored by wedging in the sockets of external modules hidden under the insulation and façade of the building. Vertical pull-cables are wedged in the sockets of the upper and lower outer modules or end modules (if combined in sections), or depending on needs, in the sockets of ceilings and foundations. The invention-based structure is built on the ground level, from overhead. Construction works and finishing works are performed solely at the ground level or any other level to ensure the greatest possible safety and comfort of work. Then, a given storey is pulled upwards with winches and pull-cables atached to the shaft. First, the botom foundation plate is made. Next, the core of the building is erected (most frequently, it is a staircase with elevator shafts). In the next stage, an upper celling or a traverse is made at ground level, which is then lifted up to the end top position. From the core, through the top inter-floor ceiling slab or traverse, ropes are introduced and guided to the bottom floor plane. On it, the highest layer of modules, which are built first, are placed. During construction works at the level of the foundation plane, this (the highest) layer is braced (by using pull-cables) and is submitted to other construction and finishing works. Once this storey is completed, it is lifted by means of vertical pull-cables and winches (a few meters up to several meters) to the height that would enable easy foundation of modules of the subsequent, penultimate storey on the foundation plate.

The work cycle at the foundation slab level is repeated. After the completion of the works, the penultimate storey is attached by pulling it to the building upper storey, and both storeys are raised to a height that allows flee assembly works of the next storey at the level of the foundation slab or at other level which ensures work safety and comfort. The building is erected incrementally, the special feature being that all construction works, including finishing, are performed at the lowest level or at other level which ensures greatest possible work safety and comfort (e.g. at zero level, in the case of buildings embedded in the ground. The facility built in this way may have any number of above-ground and underground storeys, as well as it may be based upon any number of shafts. Where design parameters of individual modules prevent the construction of the required number of storeys, the intended result is achieved through the use of load-bearing inter-floor ceiling slabs that divide the building into vertical sections (for example, every 4 floors). In such case, the shaft bears the total loads of individual sections through the inter-floor ceiling slabs, whereas the modules carry the loads inside each section. After completing the final, lowest floor of the building, all above storeys can be erected upon it or. Alternatively, the lowest storey can be raised and joined to higher storeys, by anchoring vertical pull-cables to the foundation plane, thus obtaining space under the storeys of the building suspended on the shaft.

So far, due to the durability of reinforced concrete, buildings made of this material have been dismantled through demolition. Oftentimes, due to the structural properties of reinforced concrete, dismantling occurred with the use of explosives. The invention-based solution allows for disassembly and reusing the object in a different location.

The invention-based solution is presented in the attached drawing, figures 1 - 6, in which:

Fig. 1 shows a frame for the production of construction modules Fig.1 shows a cross-section of a comer socket with a pull-cable Fig. 2a shows a vertical socket Fig. 3 shows the scheme of the universal corner socket with culverts within the axes Fig. 4 shows a multi-storey structure with transport sockets, bolts and columns Fig. 5 shows the vertical pull-cables Fig. 6 shows horizontal and vertical pull-cables

Fig 7 shows the use of building structure based on the invention for buildings resistant, e.g., seismically

Example 1 :

The basic element of the building structure is a frame that consist of bars (1), columns (3) connected with transport sockets (2) being modular vertical culverts. To construct a building using the invention-based building structures, it is necessary to prepare a foundation slab and a shaft. In a ready building, the shaft can act as a staircase or an elevator shaft. Subsequently, it is necessary to construct the upper ceiling or the traverse and to anchor it at the proper level, as it is the final element to constitute a structural boundary in the vertical layout - namely the upmost storey of the building.

Then, the pull-cables should be guided from the shaft through the upper ceiling (or the traverse). Vertical pull-cables must be combined with the lowest and highest anchoring element. By fixing them between the crossbeam/upper ceiling and the lower plate/foundation plate, the pull-cables may work in a vertical layout. Construction starts from the top storey. All storeys are assembled on the lower level, which ensures greater work safety. Individual storeys are constructed at ground level and lifted by the pull-cables to the height of the given storey. Storeys adjacent to each other are connected by means of pull-cable. The construction proceeds likewise with subsequent storeys of the building, which are built at ground level, pulled up and connected. Thus, a given object is constructed, the lower storey being the final stage of the process.

The building constructed in this way can be dismantled in the order reverse to the assembly procedure. The lowest storey should be freed from vertical (load-bearing) ti-rods by cutting them off. For this purpose, the facade and insulation of the building should be dismantled, revealing the sockets. Then the unused socket connectors placed at the upper storey of modules (acting as inspection holes), at the height of the ceilings, should be used for clamping vertical pull-cables until complete seizing. The next step is to cut off the pull-cables below the clamp, using the inspection holes of the lower sockets. Once the lowest storey is removed, the remaining storeys should be lifted, with the use of load-bearing pull-cables, to a height that will ensure separation maneuvering and collection of disassembled storey modules. The easiest way to disassemble the horizontal pull-cables is to unclamp the pull-cable of the external socket (anchoring places). Once the horizontal pull-cables have been dismantled, the procedure may proceed to remove the lower storey modules, until they are collected. Subsequently, the remaining storeys should be lowered and placed on the ground. The procedure should be repeated.

Example 2:

The basic element of the building structure is the frame, which consists of pull-cables (1), columns (3), which are connected by transport sockets (2) being modular vertical culverts. To construct a building using invention-based building structures, a foundation slab and a shaft (4) which consists of modules (S) connected by vertical pull-cables should be made. Subsequently, the upper storey (6), i.e. rigid upper frame (traverse) or the ceiling of the upmost storey of the building, must be erected and anchored at an appropriate level. Onee these stages are completed, a rigid bottom frame (8) should be made, which provides the inter-floor ceiling slab of the lowest storey. The lower (8) and upper (6) storeys should be connected with pull-cables (7). The pull-cables (7) serve the function of stabilizing side pulls. Pull-cable braces pass through culverts that serve as pull-cable covers or are anchored in sockets, to perform a function of stabilizing side pulls. Outer comers that connect the lower (8) and upper (6) storeys to the pull-cables (7) are reinforced with flexible connections (9) based on pull-cables.

Such a structure has the ability to compensate for damages during the occurrence of extraordinary loads. Thanks to the pulls that stabilize sides of the building, the structures absorb and eliminate extraordinary loads, e.g. forces generated by e.g. earthquakes, with no significant damage to the building. Once these forces cease to act, the building returns to its original position thanks to flexible bracing of the building core, as well as thanks to the side pull-cables that serve stabilization purposes.

The scope of the invention is not limited to the examples of embodiment.

Claims

1. Building structure consisting of a frame, culverts, transport sockets, ropes, characterized in that the building modules are made of pipes (1) that (3) act as culverts, that pass through walls longitudinally rather than transversely, through entire modules.

2. Building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that pull-cables are guided through the culverts of entire modules; the pull-cables pull the building together to the shape of the desired building layout and to keep it suspended.

3. Building structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the building core as is made of dismantlable modules tied together with flexible, vertical pull-cables, through culverts.