WO2022172612A1 - 電池、電池システムおよび電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
電池、電池システムおよび電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022172612A1 WO2022172612A1 PCT/JP2021/047657 JP2021047657W WO2022172612A1 WO 2022172612 A1 WO2022172612 A1 WO 2022172612A1 JP 2021047657 W JP2021047657 W JP 2021047657W WO 2022172612 A1 WO2022172612 A1 WO 2022172612A1
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- battery
- solid electrolyte
- active material
- negative electrode
- positive electrode
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a battery, a battery system, and a method of manufacturing a battery.
- Patent Document 1 a step of preparing a bipolar electrode, a step of preparing an electrolyte, and a step of laminating the bipolar electrode and an electrolyte layer or a precursor thereof to obtain a laminate including a single cell layer, and forming a sealing portion on the outer periphery of the cell layer.
- the electrolyte contains a solvent or a dehydrating agent with a boiling point lower than that of water, and includes a step of reducing the pressure of the electrolyte to a pressure of less than 20 Torr before or simultaneously with the step of forming the seal portion.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a lithium ion battery in which the solid electrolyte layer has an average porosity of 9% or less.
- Patent Document 3 discloses reducing the pressure in order to fill the voids in the negative electrode and the microporous separator with a lithium ion conductive polymer solid electrolyte.
- batteries containing solid electrolytes are also required to have high battery characteristics such as high capacity and excellent charge-discharge cycle characteristics.
- inorganic solid electrolytes have excellent ionic conductivity, high-capacity batteries containing solid electrolytes can be realized.
- inorganic solid electrolytes are generally less flexible than, for example, polymer solid electrolytes. Therefore, in order to develop the characteristics of batteries using inorganic solid electrolytes, it is necessary to increase the ionic conductivity of the active material layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the interface between the active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, and maintain this even after repeated charging and discharging. In order to do this, it is important to apply an external restraining force from the direction normal to the main surface of the battery.
- the present disclosure provides a battery or the like that achieves both high battery characteristics and high reliability.
- a battery in one aspect of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode layer containing a positive electrode active material and a first inorganic solid electrolyte, a negative electrode layer containing a negative electrode active material and a second inorganic solid electrolyte, and the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer.
- a solid electrolyte layer positioned therebetween and containing a third inorganic solid electrolyte, wherein a plurality of voids are present inside the power generating element, and the internal pressure of the plurality of voids is less than 1 atm.
- a battery system includes a container having an internal space serving as a reduced-pressure environment, and the battery arranged in the internal space.
- a method for manufacturing a battery in one aspect of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode layer containing a positive electrode active material and a first inorganic solid electrolyte, a negative electrode layer containing a negative electrode active material and a second inorganic solid electrolyte, and the positive electrode layer. a solid electrolyte layer positioned between the negative electrode layer and containing a third inorganic solid electrolyte, wherein at least one of the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer and the solid electrolyte layer including a compression step in which the body to be compressed is pressed in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- a method for manufacturing a battery is a method for manufacturing a battery including a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer positioned between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, A compression step is included in which a body to be compressed in which the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer are laminated so as to face each other with the solid electrolyte layer interposed therebetween is pressed in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery according to Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery according to Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery according to Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining damage that occurs in a battery according to Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a laminate formed by the method for manufacturing a battery according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of another laminate formed by the battery manufacturing method according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of still another laminate formed by the battery manufacturing method according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of still another laminate formed by the battery manufacturing method according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of still another laminate formed by the battery manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining a first example of a method of pressing a body to be compressed in a first compression step according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining a first example of a method of pressing a body to be compressed in a first compression step according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining a first example of a method of pressing a body to be compressed in a first compression
- FIG. 10A and 10B are schematic diagrams for explaining a first example of a method of pressing the body to be compressed in the second compression step according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 11A and 11B are schematic diagrams for explaining a second example of the method of pressing the body to be compressed in the first compression step according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 12A and 12B are schematic diagrams for explaining a second example of the method of pressing the body to be compressed in the second compression step according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 13A and 13B are schematic diagrams for explaining a third example of the method of pressing the body to be compressed in the first compression step according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 14A and 14B are schematic diagrams for explaining a third example of a method of pressing the body to be compressed in the second compression step according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 15A and 15B are schematic diagrams for explaining a fourth example of the method of pressing the body to be compressed in the first compression step according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 16A and 16B are schematic diagrams for explaining a fourth example of the method of pressing the body to be compressed in the second compression step according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a battery system according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of another battery system according to Embodiment 2.
- a battery in one aspect of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode layer containing a positive electrode active material and a first inorganic solid electrolyte, a negative electrode layer containing a negative electrode active material and a second inorganic solid electrolyte, and the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer.
- a solid electrolyte layer positioned therebetween and containing a third inorganic solid electrolyte, wherein a plurality of voids are present inside the power generating element, and the internal pressure of the plurality of voids is less than 1 atm.
- the battery in this embodiment can achieve both high battery characteristics and high reliability.
- the internal pressure of the voids acts in the direction of releasing the contact between the positive electrode active material, the negative electrode active material, or the inorganic solid electrolyte adjacent to the multiple voids, and the voids expand.
- the ionic conductivity and electronic conductivity inside the power generation element decrease.
- the expansion and contraction of the active material layer due to the insertion and desorption of ions during charge and discharge triggers the expansion of positive pressure voids and damages the power generation element.
- the plurality of negative pressure voids not only prevent deterioration of the battery due to damage to the power generation element, but also attract the materials around the plurality of voids to each other, making the battery stronger than when there are no voids. be able to.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte is used as the material of the battery, the flexibility of the battery is small, and the force that attracts the material around the plurality of voids is transmitted without being dissipated.
- an external restraining force is applied to the power generation element without providing a restraint or the like, and the ion and electron conductivity of the power generation element can be improved without lowering the battery capacity. Therefore, the battery in this aspect can achieve both high battery characteristics and high reliability.
- the plurality of voids may be located along grain boundaries of at least one of the first inorganic solid electrolyte, the second inorganic solid electrolyte, and the third inorganic solid electrolyte.
- At least one of the plurality of voids may exist inside at least one of the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer.
- At least one of the plurality of voids may be located on the surface of at least one of the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer, and the solid electrolyte layer.
- the internal pressure of the plurality of voids may be 0.1 atm or less.
- the average maximum width of each of the plurality of voids may be 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the density of at least one of the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer, and the solid electrolyte layer may be 90% or more of the theoretical density of the material.
- the battery characteristics of the battery can be improved.
- a battery system includes a container having an internal space serving as a reduced-pressure environment, and the battery arranged in the internal space.
- the battery system includes the above-described battery, even if the internal space of the container becomes a decompressed environment, it is difficult for the plurality of voids to expand, and damage to the power generation element can be suppressed.
- the pressure of the reduced-pressure environment may be 0.95 atm or less.
- the internal pressure of the plurality of voids may be equal to or lower than the pressure of the reduced-pressure environment.
- the plurality of gaps can exert a force that attracts the material of the power generation element inward.
- a method for manufacturing a battery in one aspect of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode layer containing a positive electrode active material and a first inorganic solid electrolyte, a negative electrode layer containing a negative electrode active material and a second inorganic solid electrolyte, and the positive electrode layer. a solid electrolyte layer positioned between the negative electrode layer and containing a third inorganic solid electrolyte, wherein at least one of the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer and the solid electrolyte layer is pressed in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- the body to be compressed can be compressed and densified by pressing, and the internal pressure of the isolated voids formed inside the body to be compressed due to the pressing can be reduced to a negative pressure of less than 1 atm.
- Some of the voids inside the object to be compressed before pressing are connected to the atmosphere outside the object to be compressed by fine conducting paths. Due to the progress of densification due to compression of the body to be compressed, most of the conduction paths are blocked and the residual gas in the voids loses its outlet. After that, the internal pressure of the voids increases as the density increases.
- the atmosphere outside the body to be compressed is normal pressure
- a large number of high-pressure voids exceeding 1 atm are formed inside the body to be compressed at the completion of the compression process, and these voids may cause damage to the body to be compressed during charging and discharging. It can serve as a starting point and disrupt ionic and electronic conduction pathways.
- the atmosphere outside the object to be compressed is a reduced pressure atmosphere, the gas in the voids of the object to be compressed before pressing can be exhausted through the conductive path.
- the increase in internal pressure of the voids due to the progress of densification should be reduced. can be done.
- the internal pressure of the gap remaining at the completion of the compression process can be kept at a negative pressure or a relatively small positive pressure. It is possible to reduce the progression of deterioration of the battery.
- a method for manufacturing a battery is a method for manufacturing a battery including a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer positioned between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, A body to be compressed in which the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer are laminated so as to face each other with the solid electrolyte layer interposed therebetween is pressed in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- the layers of the body to be compressed can be compression-bonded by pressing, and the internal pressure of the gap formed at the interface between the layers of the body to be compressed can be reduced to a negative pressure of 1 atm or less.
- Gaps due to the surface roughness of each layer are present at the boundaries between the layers of the body to be compressed at the start of the compression process. These voids are connected to the atmosphere outside the body to be compressed by fine conducting paths. As the compression bonding progresses, most of the conducting paths are blocked and the residual gas in the void loses its outlet. After that, the internal pressure of the gap increases as the compression welding progresses.
- the atmosphere outside the body to be compressed is normal pressure
- a large number of high-pressure voids are formed along the interfaces of the layers of the body to be compressed at the completion of the compression process, and these voids are likely to damage the body to be compressed during charging and discharging. Starting point, the conductive path between layers of the compressible body can be destroyed.
- the atmosphere outside the body to be compressed is a reduced pressure atmosphere
- the gas in the voids at the boundaries between the layers of the body to be compressed before compression bonding is discharged through the conduction path. can be exhausted.
- the internal pressure of the gap remaining at the completion of the compression process can be kept at a negative pressure or a relatively small positive pressure. It is possible to reduce the progression of deterioration of the battery.
- the pressure of the reduced-pressure atmosphere may be 0.1 atm or less.
- the pressure of the press may be 10 MPa or more.
- the body to be compressed is placed in an airtight container, the interior of the airtight container is set to the reduced-pressure atmosphere, and then the body to be compressed is pressed from outside the airtight container.
- the airtight container includes a deformable portion made of an elastic material that is deformed by the press, and the deformation of the deformable portion by the press applies the pressure of the press from the outside of the airtight container to the body to be compressed.
- the object to be compressed can be pressed from the outside of the airtight container, so there is no need to install the pressing device itself in a reduced pressure atmosphere, and the pressing device can be made smaller.
- each figure is a schematic diagram and is not necessarily strictly illustrated. Therefore, for example, scales and the like do not necessarily match in each drawing. Moreover, in each figure, substantially the same configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions are omitted or simplified.
- planar view means the case when viewed from the normal direction of the main surface of the power generation element.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery 1000 according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery 1000 according to Embodiment 1.
- the battery 1000 according to Embodiment 1 includes a negative electrode current collector 210, a positive electrode current collector 220, and a power generating element 100.
- Battery 1000 is, for example, an all-solid battery.
- the power generation element 100 is positioned between the negative electrode current collector 210 and the positive electrode current collector 220 .
- the power generation element 100 includes a positive electrode active material layer 120 containing a positive electrode active material and a first inorganic solid electrolyte, a negative electrode active material layer 110 containing a negative electrode active material and a second inorganic solid electrolyte, a positive electrode active material layer 120 and a negative electrode. and a solid electrolyte layer 130 located between the active material layer 110 and containing a third inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the negative electrode active material layer 110 and the positive electrode current collector 220 face each other with the solid electrolyte layer 130 interposed therebetween.
- the positive electrode active material layer 120 is an example of a positive electrode layer
- the negative electrode active material layer 110 is an example of a negative electrode layer.
- the first inorganic solid electrolyte, the second inorganic solid electrolyte, and the third inorganic solid electrolyte may be collectively referred to simply as "inorganic solid electrolyte.”
- the first inorganic solid electrolyte, the second inorganic solid electrolyte, and the third inorganic solid electrolyte are, for example, the same material, but may be different materials.
- the negative electrode current collector 210 and the positive electrode current collector 220 may be collectively referred to simply as “current collectors”, and the negative electrode active material layer 110 and the positive electrode active material layer 120 are collectively referred to. Therefore, it may simply be referred to as an “active material layer”.
- a plurality of gaps 250 exist inside the power generation element 100 . Details of the plurality of voids 250 will be described later.
- the negative electrode active material layer 110 contains a negative electrode active material as an electrode material.
- a negative electrode active material such as graphite or metallic lithium can be used.
- Various materials capable of extracting and inserting ions such as lithium (Li) or magnesium (Mg) may be used as materials of the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material is, for example, a particulate material.
- the negative electrode active material layer 110 further includes, for example, an inorganic solid electrolyte.
- an inorganic solid electrolyte for example, a sulfide solid electrolyte or an oxide solid electrolyte can be used.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte for example, a mixture of lithium sulfide (Li 2 S) and phosphorus pentasulfide (P 2 S 5 ) can be used.
- An inorganic solid electrolyte is, for example, a particulate material. At least one of a conductive material such as acetylene black and a binding binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride may be further used as the material contained in the negative electrode active material layer 110 .
- the negative electrode active material layer 110 can be produced by applying a paste-like paint in which the material contained in the negative electrode active material layer 110 is kneaded together with a solvent onto the surface of the negative electrode current collector 210 and drying it.
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 110 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less, but is not limited thereto.
- the positive electrode active material layer 120 contains a positive electrode active material as an electrode material.
- the positive electrode active material is a material that constitutes the counter electrode of the negative electrode active material.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode active material layer 120 include lithium cobaltate composite oxide (LCO), lithium nickelate composite oxide (LNO), lithium manganate composite oxide (LMO), and lithium-manganese.
- - positive electrode active materials such as nickel composite oxide (LMNO), lithium-manganese-cobalt composite oxide (LMCO), lithium-nickel-cobalt composite oxide (LNCO), lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide (LNMCO) substances can be used.
- Various materials capable of withdrawing and inserting ions such as Li or Mg can be used as the material of the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material is, for example, a particulate material.
- the positive electrode active material layer 120 further includes, for example, an inorganic solid electrolyte.
- an inorganic solid electrolyte the materials exemplified as the inorganic solid electrolyte used for the negative electrode active material can be used.
- the surface of the positive electrode active material may be coated with a solid electrolyte.
- At least one of a conductive material such as acetylene black and a binding binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride may be further used as the material contained in the positive electrode active material layer 120 .
- the positive electrode active material layer 120 can be produced by applying a paste-like paint in which the material contained in the positive electrode active material layer 120 is kneaded together with a solvent onto the surface of the positive electrode current collector 220 and drying it.
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer 120 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less, but is not limited thereto.
- the solid electrolyte layer 130 is arranged between the negative electrode active material layer 110 and the positive electrode active material layer 120 . Solid electrolyte layer 130 is in contact with each of negative electrode active material layer 110 and positive electrode active material layer 120 .
- the size and shape in plan view of solid electrolyte layer 130 may be the same as the size and shape in plan view of anode active material layer 110 and cathode active material layer 120 , respectively. That is, the side surface of solid electrolyte layer 130 may be flush with the side surface of negative electrode active material layer 110 and the side surface of positive electrode active material layer 120 .
- the solid electrolyte layer 130 is a layer containing an electrolyte material.
- the electrolyte material generally known battery electrolytes can be used.
- the thickness of solid electrolyte layer 130 may be 5 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less, or may be 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the solid electrolyte layer 130 is one layer in the example shown in FIG. 1, the power generation element 100 may have a structure in which a plurality of solid electrolyte layers 130 are laminated.
- the solid electrolyte layer 130 contains an inorganic solid electrolyte as an electrolyte material.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte the materials exemplified as the inorganic solid electrolyte used for the negative electrode active material can be used.
- Solid electrolyte layer 130 may contain a binding binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride in addition to the electrolyte material.
- the negative electrode active material layer 110, the positive electrode active material layer 120, and the solid electrolyte layer 130 are maintained in the form of parallel plates. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks or collapse due to bending. Note that the negative electrode active material layer 110, the positive electrode active material layer 120, and the solid electrolyte layer 130 may be combined and smoothly curved.
- the negative electrode current collector 210 and the positive electrode current collector 220 are arranged facing the power generation element 100 so as to sandwich the power generation element 100 therebetween. In plan view, the outer peripheries of the negative electrode current collector 210, the positive electrode current collector 220, and the power generation element 100 are, for example, the same.
- Each of the negative electrode current collector 210 and the positive electrode current collector 220 is a member having conductivity.
- the negative electrode current collector 210 and the positive electrode current collector 220 may each be, for example, a conductive thin film. Examples of materials that constitute the negative electrode current collector 210 and the positive electrode current collector 220 include metals such as stainless steel (SUS), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni).
- the negative electrode current collector 210 is arranged on the negative electrode active material layer 110 side of the power generation element 100 .
- the negative electrode current collector 210 is arranged, for example, in contact with the negative electrode active material layer 110 .
- metal foil such as SUS foil, Al foil, Cu foil, and Ni foil can be used.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector 210 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, but is not limited thereto.
- the negative electrode current collector 210 may include, for example, a current collector layer containing a conductive material in a portion in contact with the negative electrode active material layer 110 .
- the positive electrode current collector 220 is arranged on the positive electrode active material layer 120 side of the power generating element 100 .
- the positive electrode current collector 220 is arranged, for example, in contact with the positive electrode active material layer 120 .
- the positive electrode current collector 220 for example, metal foil such as SUS foil, Al foil, Cu foil, and Ni foil can be used.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector 220 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, but is not limited thereto.
- the positive electrode current collector 220 may include, for example, a current collector layer that is a layer containing a conductive material in a portion in contact with the positive electrode active material layer 120 .
- At least one of the negative electrode active material layer 110, the solid electrolyte layer 130, and the positive electrode active material layer 120 is formed, for example, through a first compression step in which pressing is performed under a reduced pressure atmosphere in order to increase the density of each layer. be.
- a first compression step in which pressing is performed under a reduced pressure atmosphere in order to increase the density of each layer. be.
- all of negative electrode active material layer 110, solid electrolyte layer 130, and positive electrode active material layer 120 are formed through a first compression step.
- "pressing" means applying mechanical stress to a body to be compressed.
- the power generating element 100 is formed, for example, through a second compression step in which pressing is performed under a reduced pressure atmosphere in order to compress and join the layers of the power generating element 100 .
- a second compression step in which pressing is performed under a reduced pressure atmosphere in order to compress and join the layers of the power generating element 100 .
- a plurality of voids 250 exist inside the power generation element 100.
- the plurality of voids 250 are not connected to the outside of the power generation element 100 and exist as isolated voids inside the power generation element 100 .
- the plurality of voids 250 are independent air bubbles (hollow portions) located inside the power generation element 100 .
- the plurality of voids 250 are voids formed by, for example, gaps between material particles such as an inorganic solid electrolyte contained in each layer of the power generating element 100, and closed conduction paths to the outside by the first compression step. 250 included. Therefore, unlike an electrolyte such as a gel, grain boundaries are formed in the inorganic solid electrolyte, and the plurality of voids 250 include voids 250 located along the grain boundaries of the inorganic solid electrolyte included in each layer. .
- the plurality of voids 250 include voids 250 positioned inside at least one of negative electrode active material layer 110 , positive electrode active material layer 120 and solid electrolyte layer 130 . In the example shown in FIG. 1 , the plurality of voids 250 includes voids 250 positioned inside any of negative electrode active material layer 110 , positive electrode active material layer 120 and solid electrolyte layer 130 .
- the plurality of gaps 250 include, for example, gaps 250 formed by blocking conductive paths to the outside in the gaps between layers of the power generation element 100 in the second compression step. Therefore, the plurality of voids 250 includes voids 250 located on the surface of at least one of negative electrode active material layer 110 , positive electrode active material layer 120 and solid electrolyte layer 130 . That is, the plurality of voids 250 include voids 250 formed in contact with the surface of at least one of negative electrode active material layer 110 , positive electrode active material layer 120 and solid electrolyte layer 130 . In the example shown in FIG. 1 , the plurality of voids 250 includes voids 250 located on the surfaces of any of negative electrode active material layer 110 , positive electrode active material layer 120 and solid electrolyte layer 130 .
- At least one of all the multiple voids 250 is located inside at least one of the negative electrode active material layer 110, the positive electrode active material layer 120, and the solid electrolyte layer 130, and at least the other voids 250 One is located on the surface of at least one of negative electrode active material layer 110 , positive electrode active material layer 120 and solid electrolyte layer 130 .
- gaps 250 located inside at least one of negative electrode active material layer 110, positive electrode active material layer 120, and solid electrolyte layer 130, and among negative electrode active material layer 110, positive electrode active material layer 120, and solid electrolyte layer 130, Both or either one of the voids 250 located on at least one surface of may be present.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery 1001X according to Comparative Example 1.
- the power generating element 100 of the battery 1001X has a plurality of gaps 251 and conductive paths 251a connecting the plurality of gaps 251 and the outside of the battery 1001X.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery 1002X according to Comparative Example 2.
- the power generating element 100 of the battery 1002X has a plurality of voids 252 and conductive paths 252a connecting the plurality of voids 252 .
- Some of the plurality of gaps 252 are in communication with the outside of the battery 1002X via conduction paths 252a, but some of the plurality of gaps 252 are electrically connected to the gaps 252.
- the path 252a is not connected to the outside of the battery 1002x and is an isolated gap 252.
- FIG. The inside of the void 252 communicating with the outside of the battery 1002X has the same pressure as the outside. becomes higher pressure than the outside due to the decrease in Since the battery 1002X was not formed through a process of pressing with a sufficient pressure, the densification and the increase in the contact area between particles were insufficient, and the resistance was high and the capacity was low.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery 1003X according to Comparative Example 3. As shown in FIG. As schematically shown in FIG. 4, the power generating element 100 of the battery 1003X has a plurality of isolated voids 253 that do not communicate with the outside of the battery 1003X.
- the plurality of voids 253 are compressed even after being isolated from the outside of the battery 1003X by the process of pressing, and the volume of the plurality of voids 253 is reduced, resulting in a higher pressure than the outside. Therefore, many high pressure sources are scattered inside the power generating element 100 .
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining damage that occurs in the battery 1003X. As schematically shown in FIG.
- a plurality of high-pressure voids 253 spread inside the positive electrode active material layer 120 , the negative electrode active material layer 110 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 and between the layers of the power generation element 100 .
- voids 254 promoting microfractures typified by intergranular delamination and delamination.
- deterioration of the battery characteristics of the battery 1003X occurs. Therefore, it is difficult to maintain the battery characteristics over a long period of time only by performing a step of pressing at high pressure to form a battery, and the reliability of the battery 1003X is low.
- the plurality of gaps 250 have a negative pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure in order to suppress deterioration of battery characteristics caused by the plurality of gaps 250 existing inside the power generating element 100. That is, the internal pressure of the plurality of voids 250 is less than 1 atm.
- the compression force in the first compression step and the second compression step is released, the volume of the active material changes, the usage environment of the battery 1000 changes,
- the negative pressure inside the plurality of voids acts in the direction of suppressing intergranular delamination and delamination, so deterioration of battery characteristics of battery 1000 can be suppressed.
- the existence of the plurality of negative pressure voids 250 in the negative electrode active material layer 110 and the positive electrode active material layer 120 can suppress damage to the power generating element 100 due to volume change of the active material during charging and discharging.
- the existence of the plurality of voids 250 having a negative pressure inside the layers of the power generation element 100 is not only when the internal pressure of the plurality of voids 250 is higher than the atmospheric pressure, but also when compared to the case where the plurality of voids 250 is absent. Since it becomes a force that attracts the material, deterioration of the battery characteristics of the battery 1000 can be suppressed.
- the presence of a plurality of voids 250 with negative pressure inside serves as a force that attracts the material of each layer of the power generation element 100, so the grain boundary of the material of each layer and the resistance between each layer can be reduced, and the battery characteristics are improved. do.
- an external restraining force is applied to the power generating element 100 even without a restraint or the like, and a decrease in battery capacity per unit volume or weight due to the provision of a restraint or the like can be avoided.
- a plurality of voids 250 exist inside at least one of the positive electrode active material layer 120 and the negative electrode active material layer 110 . As a result, damage to the power generation element 100 due to volume change of the active material during charging and discharging can be suppressed. In addition, the plurality of voids 250 can attract the material of the surrounding active material layer to lower the resistance in the active material layer.
- the internal pressure of the plurality of gaps 250 may be 0.8 atm or less, 0.5 atm or less, or 0.1 atm or less. Also, the internal pressure of the plurality of gaps 250 is, for example, greater than 0 atm. In this specification, the pressure such as the internal pressure of the plurality of gaps 250 is the pressure at room temperature. Normal temperature is, for example, 23°C. Further, in this specification, numerical values of pressure such as the internal pressure of the plurality of gaps 250 are numerical values in absolute pressure.
- Such a plurality of voids 250 having an internal pressure of less than 1 atm are formed, for example, in the first compression step and/or the second compression step in which pressing is performed in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- the density of at least one of the positive electrode active material layer 120, the negative electrode active material layer 110 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 formed through the first compression step and/or the second compression step (specifically, the weight is the apparent volume) apparent density) is, for example, 90% or more of the theoretical density of the material, and may be 95% or more. Thereby, the battery characteristics of the battery 1000 can be improved.
- the densities of all of the positive electrode active material layer 120, the negative electrode active material layer 110 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 may be 90% or more of the material theoretical density of each layer.
- the average maximum width of each of the plurality of voids 250 is, for example, 10 ⁇ m or less, and may be 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum width of each of the plurality of voids 250 is measured from the plurality of voids 250 observed by observing the cross section of the battery 1000 with an electron microscope or the like, for example.
- the battery 1000 can achieve both high battery characteristics and high reliability.
- the method for manufacturing battery 1000 includes, for example, a first compression step and a second compression step.
- the body to be compressed including at least one of the positive electrode active material layer 120, the negative electrode active material layer 110 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 is pressed in a reduced pressure atmosphere of less than 1 atm.
- a reduced pressure atmosphere of less than 1 atm.
- the inside of the object to be compressed before pressing is connected to the atmosphere outside the object to be compressed through a fine conducting path, such as the void 251 connected to the conducting path 251a shown in FIG. voids exist.
- voids are due to interstices between material particles of the body to be compressed.
- the internal pressure of the voids increases with the progress of densification by compression. For example, if the volume of the gap becomes less than half after the conduction path is closed, the internal pressure of the gap becomes 2 atm or more.
- the atmosphere outside the body to be compressed is normal pressure
- a large number of high-pressure voids are formed inside the body to be compressed when the compression process is completed, and these become starting points for damage to the body to be compressed during charging and discharging. Conduction pathways for ions and electrons can be disrupted.
- the atmosphere outside the object to be compressed is a reduced pressure atmosphere
- the gas in the voids of the object to be compressed before being pressed can be exhausted through the conducting path. Therefore, even after most of the conductive paths are closed as the compression of the body to be compressed progresses and the space is cut off from the atmosphere outside the body to be compressed, the increase in the internal pressure of the cavity due to the progress of compression can be reduced.
- the internal pressure of the plurality of voids 250 remaining at the completion of the first compression step can be reduced to a negative pressure of less than 1 atm.
- the object to be compressed in which the positive electrode active material layer 120 and the negative electrode active material layer 110 are laminated so as to face each other with the solid electrolyte layer 130 interposed therebetween is pressed in a reduced pressure atmosphere of less than 1 atm.
- the positive electrode active material layer 120 and the negative electrode active material layer 110 can be compression-bonded with the solid electrolyte layer 130 interposed therebetween.
- the boundaries between the layers of the body to be compressed before pressing are, for example, gaps 251 connected to the conduction paths 251a shown in FIG. There are gaps connected by These voids are due to the surface roughness of each layer of the body to be compressed. As the compression bonding progresses, most of the conducting paths are blocked and the residual gas in the void loses its outlet. After that, the internal pressure of the gap increases as the compression welding progresses. Therefore, for example, if the atmosphere outside the body to be compressed is normal pressure, a large number of high-pressure voids are formed along the interfaces of the layers of the body to be compressed at the completion of the compression process, and these voids are likely to damage the body to be compressed during charging and discharging.
- the conductive path between layers of the compressible body can be destroyed.
- the atmosphere outside the body to be compressed is a reduced pressure atmosphere
- the gas in the gaps at the boundaries of the layers of the body to be compressed before compression bonding is exhausted through the conduction path. be able to. Therefore, even after most of the conducting paths are blocked by the progress of compression joining of the bodies to be compressed and the gaps are cut off from the atmosphere outside the bodies to be compressed, it is possible to reduce the increase in the internal pressure of the gaps accompanying the progress of the compression joining. Thereby, the internal pressure of the plurality of gaps 250 remaining at the completion of the compression process can be reduced to a negative pressure.
- the method for manufacturing the battery 1000 may include only one of the first compression step and the second compression step.
- the battery 1000 may be manufactured by a manufacturing method including steps other than the first compression step and the second compression step.
- a laminated body is formed as an object to be compressed in the first compression step and the second compression step.
- 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B, and 8 are cross-sectional views showing a schematic configuration of a laminate formed by the manufacturing method of battery 1000.
- FIG. 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B, and 8 omit the illustration of voids present in each layer.
- the laminate 310, the laminate 320, the laminate 330, the laminate 340, and the laminate 350 shown in FIGS. one is formed.
- a laminate 310 shown in FIG. 6A is formed, for example, by laminating the negative electrode active material layer 110 on the negative electrode current collector 210 .
- a laminate 320 shown in FIG. 6B is formed, for example, by laminating the cathode active material layer 120 on the cathode current collector 220 .
- a laminate 330 shown in FIG. 7A is formed, for example, by further laminating a solid electrolyte layer 130 on the negative electrode active material layer 110 of the laminate 310 shown in FIG. 6A.
- a laminate 340 shown in FIG. 7B is formed, for example, by further laminating a solid electrolyte layer 130 on the positive electrode active material layer 120 of the laminate 320 shown in FIG. 6B. As shown in FIG.
- laminate 350 is formed by stacking negative electrode active material layer 110, solid electrolyte layer 130, positive electrode active material layer 120 and positive electrode current collector 220 on negative electrode current collector 210 in this order. formed by
- the lamination structure and formation method of a laminated body are not restricted to the above-mentioned example.
- the layered body may have a layered structure in which at least one of the positive electrode current collector 220 and the negative electrode current collector 210 is removed from the layered body 350 .
- Each of the above-mentioned laminates is formed by applying a paste-like paint obtained by kneading the respective materials of the negative electrode active material layer 110, the positive electrode active material layer 120, and the solid electrolyte layer 130 together with a solvent onto the surface of the current collector or each layer. It is formed by drying.
- the first compression step for example, at least one of the laminate 310 and laminate 320 shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B is pressed in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- a reduced pressure atmosphere As a result, it is possible to increase the density of the materials constituting the positive electrode active material layer 120 and the negative electrode active material layer 110 and increase the contact area between particles, so that the resistance of ions and electrons in each layer can be reduced.
- the surfaces of the positive electrode active material layer 120 and the negative electrode active material layer 110 can be made smooth, the solid electrolyte layer 130 having a thin and uniform thickness can be formed on the positive electrode active material layer 120 and the negative electrode active material layer 110. is possible, and the risk of short circuits can be reduced.
- a plurality of voids 250 are formed inside the negative electrode active material layer 110 . Also, by using the laminated body 320 as a body to be compressed, a plurality of voids 250 are formed inside the positive electrode active material layer 120 .
- the first compression step for example, at least one of the laminate 330 and laminate 340 shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B is pressed in a reduced-pressure atmosphere as an object to be compressed.
- the density of the materials constituting the positive electrode active material layer 120, the negative electrode active material layer 110, and the solid electrolyte layer 130 is increased, and the contact area between particles is increased. can be made smaller.
- the adhesion between the positive electrode active material layer 120 or the negative electrode active material layer 110 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 can be enhanced.
- the laminate 330 as a body to be compressed, a plurality of voids 250 are formed inside each of the negative electrode active material layer 110 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 .
- the laminate 340 as a body to be compressed, a plurality of voids 250 are formed inside each of the positive electrode active material layer 120 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 .
- the laminated body 350 shown in FIG. 8 is pressed in a reduced pressure atmosphere as an object to be compressed.
- the density of the materials constituting the positive electrode active material layer 120, the negative electrode active material layer 110, and the solid electrolyte layer 130 is increased, and the contact area between particles is increased. can be made smaller.
- the positive electrode active material layer 120 and the negative electrode active material layer 110 can be firmly adhered to each other with the solid electrolyte layer 130 interposed therebetween.
- a plurality of voids 250 are formed inside each of the negative electrode active material layer 110 , the positive electrode active material layer 120 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 .
- the laminated body 350 has a configuration in which the positive electrode active material layer 120 and the negative electrode active material layer 110 are laminated so as to face each other with the solid electrolyte layer 130 interposed therebetween, the laminated body 350 can be pressed as a body to be compressed. , the first compression step and the second compression step are performed simultaneously.
- pressing is performed in a reduced pressure atmosphere, so that the internal pressure of the plurality of voids 250 formed inside the power generation element 100 due to the first compression step is reduced to less than 1 atm.
- the laminate shown in FIGS. Pressing of the object to be compressed in which the 310 and the laminate 340 are laminated is performed in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- laminates 310 and 340 are laminated such that negative electrode active material layer 110 of laminate 310 and solid electrolyte layer 130 of laminate 340 face each other.
- the negative electrode active material layer 110 of the laminate 310 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 of the laminate 340 are compression-bonded, and the adhesion between the negative electrode active material layer 110 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 can be enhanced.
- a plurality of voids 250 are formed along the interface between the negative electrode active material layer 110 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 that are compression-bonded.
- the laminate shown in FIGS. Pressing of the body to be compressed in which the 320 and the laminate 330 are laminated is performed in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- laminates 320 and 330 are laminated such that cathode active material layer 120 of laminate 320 and solid electrolyte layer 130 of laminate 330 face each other.
- the positive electrode active material layer 120 of the laminate 320 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 of the laminate 330 are compression-bonded, and the adhesion between the positive electrode active material layer 120 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 can be enhanced.
- a plurality of voids 250 are formed along the interface between the positive electrode active material layer 120 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 that are compression-bonded.
- the laminate shown in FIGS. The object to be compressed in which the 330 and the laminate 340 are laminated is pressed in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- laminate 330 and laminate 340 are laminated such that solid electrolyte layer 130 of laminate 330 and solid electrolyte layer 130 of laminate 340 face each other.
- the solid electrolyte layer 130 of the laminate 330 and the solid electrolyte layer 130 of the laminate 340 are compression-bonded, and the adhesion between the solid electrolyte layers 130 can be enhanced.
- This also forms a plurality of voids 250 along the interface of the two solid electrolyte layers 130 to be compression-bonded.
- pressing is performed in a reduced pressure atmosphere, so that the internal pressure of the plurality of voids 250 formed on the surface of each layer of the power generation element 100 due to the second compression step is reduced to It can be less than 1 atm.
- the laminate used in the second compression step is, for example, the laminate that has undergone the first compression step.
- the battery 1000 is formed through the first compression step and the second compression step.
- the laminate used in the second compression step may be a laminate that has not undergone the first compression step.
- the battery 1000 with low resistance and high capacity can be obtained.
- a plurality of voids 250 having an internal pressure of less than 1 atm are formed, the reliability of the battery 1000 is also improved.
- the pressing pressure in the first compression step and the second compression step (that is, the stress during compression) is, for example, 10 MPa or more.
- the battery characteristics of the battery 1000 can be further improved.
- the conduction path connecting the gap and the outside of the body to be compressed is blocked, and the internal pressure of the formed gap increases.
- the internal pressure of the plurality of gaps 250 can be reduced by performing pressing in a reduced pressure atmosphere, although it tends to be especially high.
- the pressure of the press in the second compression process is higher than the pressure of the press in the first compression process.
- the pressure of the reduced pressure atmosphere may be 0.5 atm or less, or may be 0.1 atm or less.
- the internal pressure of the plurality of voids 250 formed can be further reduced.
- the pressure of the decompressed atmosphere is, for example, greater than 0 atm.
- a reduced-pressure atmosphere is constructed in a space surrounded by a container or the like, and an object to be compressed is pressed in the constructed reduced-pressure atmosphere.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining a first example of a method of pressing the body to be compressed in the first compression step.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining a first example of a method of pressing the body to be compressed in the second compression step.
- a first compression step and a second compression step are performed using a plate press apparatus 800 installed in an internal space 905 of a vacuum chamber 900 connected to a vacuum pump 910. can be done.
- the vacuum chamber 900 is provided with, for example, a door or the like (not shown) for taking in and out the object to be compressed.
- the object to be compressed is placed between the upper and lower press plates of the flat plate press device 800 .
- the gas in the internal space 905 is exhausted by the vacuum pump 910 to bring the internal space 905 into a reduced-pressure atmosphere (for example, a vacuum atmosphere).
- a reduced-pressure atmosphere for example, a vacuum atmosphere
- the object to be compressed is pressed using the flat plate press device 800 .
- the direction of pressure application in pressing by the flat plate press device 800 is the direction of the white arrow shown in FIGS.
- the direction of pressure application in pressing by the flat plate press apparatus 800 is the normal direction of the main surface of the current collector and each layer of the laminate, that is, the current collector and each layer of the laminate are laminated side by side. direction.
- the direction of pressure application in the press is the same in other press methods.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram for explaining a second example of the method of pressing the body to be compressed in the first compression step.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram for explaining a second example of the method of pressing the body to be compressed in the second compression step.
- an object to be compressed is placed in an internal space 925 of an airtight container 920 connected to a vacuum pump 910, and the airtight container 920 is compressed.
- the object to be compressed is pressed by using a flat press device 800 from the outside of the.
- first compression step and the second compression step first, an object to be compressed is arranged in the internal space 925 of the airtight container 920 .
- the gas in the internal space 925 is exhausted by the vacuum pump 910 to make the internal space 925 into a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- the object to be compressed is pressed from the outside of the airtight container 920 using the flat plate pressing device 800 .
- the airtight container 920 includes, for example, a deforming portion 921, a pressing portion 922, and a housing portion 923.
- the airtight container 920 forms an internal space 925 in which portions other than the connecting portion 911 with the vacuum pump 910 are sealed by the deformation portion 921 , the pressing portion 922 and the accommodating portion 923 .
- the deformable portion 921 is positioned between the pressing portion 922 and the accommodating portion 923 .
- the deformation portion 921 is separable from at least one of the press portion 922 and the accommodation portion 923 .
- the deformable portion 921 is, for example, a frame-like shape in plan view, and is a seal member that seals between the press portion 922 and the housing portion 923 . Thereby, the pressure-reduced state of the airtight container 920 is maintained.
- the material of the deformable portion 921 is, for example, a material that is softer than the material of each layer of the power generating element 100 and is deformed by pressing with the flat plate pressing device 800 .
- the deformation portion 921 is made of an elastic material such as a rubber material that is deformed by pressing of the flat plate press device 800 . Note that the material of the deformable portion 921 may not have elasticity, and may be a material that undergoes plastic deformation.
- the press part 922 is a plate-like member that constitutes the upper lid part of the airtight container 920 .
- a part of the pressing portion 922 for example, a lower surface 922a of a projection provided on the pressing portion 922, is designed to contact the object to be compressed so that the object to be compressed can be pressed.
- a protrusion is provided in the center in a plan view, and the end portions where no protrusion is provided are in contact with the deformation portion 921 .
- the accommodation portion 923 is a box-shaped member with an open top, and accommodates an object to be compressed on the box-shaped bottom surface 923a of the accommodation portion 923 .
- a portion of the housing portion 923 is connected to a vacuum pump 910 via a connecting portion 911 such as a pipe or tube.
- the upper end of the side wall portion of the accommodation portion 923 is connected to the end portion of the accommodation portion 923 via the deformation portion 921 .
- a pressing force is applied to the pressing portion 922 from the upper pressing plate of the flat plate pressing device 800 , and a pressing force is applied to the accommodating portion 923 from the lower pressing plate of the flat plate pressing device 800 .
- a pressing force is directly applied to the pressing portion 922 and the housing portion 923 by, for example, the flat plate pressing device 800 .
- the object to be compressed is arranged, for example, so as to be sandwiched between the box-shaped bottom surface 923 a of the housing portion 923 and the lower surface 922 a of the convex portion of the pressing portion 922 .
- Each of the press portion 922 and the housing portion 923 is made of a rigid material harder than the material of each layer of the power generation element 100 .
- the object to be compressed can be stably pressed while maintaining the container shape of the airtight container 920 as a whole and the decompressed state of the internal space 925.
- FIG. The same material as that of the deformation portion 921 may be used for the press portion 922 and the accommodation portion 923 .
- the deformation portion 921 is deformed so as to contract in the pressing direction by the pressing of the flat plate pressing device 800, and the force of the flat plate pressing device 800 is transmitted to the object to be compressed through the pressing portion 922 and the housing portion 923. , pressing of the body to be compressed takes place.
- the deformed portion 921 returns to its original shape when released from the press of the flat plate pressing device 800, for example, the airtight container 920 can be used again by replacing the object to be compressed.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram for explaining a third example of the method of pressing the body to be compressed in the first compression step.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram for explaining a third example of the method of pressing the body to be compressed in the second compression step.
- a roll press device 850 is installed in an internal space 905 of a vacuum chamber 900 connected to a vacuum pump 910, and an unwinding roll is arranged to sandwich the roll press device 850.
- 860 and take-up roll 870 can be used to perform the first compression step and the second compression step.
- Roll press device 850 , unwind roll 860 and take-up roll 870 are all installed in interior space 905 of vacuum chamber 900 .
- each layer of the power generating element 100 is formed by a roll press device 850 while conveying the compressed body 400 from the unwinding roll 860 to the winding roll 870 along the conveying roller 880. Do a continuous press.
- the body to be compressed 400 has, for example, the same laminate structure as the laminate described as the laminate used in the first compression step.
- the roll press device 850 while conveying the compressed bodies 410 and 420 from the two unwinding rolls 860 along the conveying rollers 880, the roll press device 850 The positive electrode active material layer 120 and the negative electrode active material layer 110 are compression-bonded so as to face each other with the solid electrolyte layer 130 interposed therebetween.
- bodies 410 and 420 to be compressed are transported using winding roll 870, and battery assembly 500 after the start of compression bonding can be transported and collected by a transporting/cutting device (not shown).
- the body to be compressed 410 and the body to be compressed 420 have, for example, the same layered structure as the layered body described as the layered body used in the second compression step described above.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining a fourth example of the method of pressing the body to be compressed in the first compression step.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram for explaining a fourth example of the method of pressing the body to be compressed in the second compression step.
- a roll press device 850 is installed in an internal space 935 of a vacuum chamber 930 connected to a vacuum pump 910, and a roll press device 850 is sandwiched outside the vacuum chamber 930. With the unwind roll 860 and take-up roll 870 arranged, the first compression step and the second compression step can be performed.
- the vacuum chamber 930 is provided with seal rollers 890 for maintaining the airtightness of the vacuum chamber 930 at locations where the compressed body 400 or the compressed bodies 410 and 420 enter and exit.
- seal rollers 890 for maintaining the airtightness of the vacuum chamber 930 at locations where the compressed body 400 or the compressed bodies 410 and 420 enter and exit.
- the method of performing the first compression step and the second compression step in a reduced pressure atmosphere is not limited to these examples.
- pressing may be performed while heating in order to efficiently proceed with densification and compression bonding.
- the internal space 905, the internal space 925, or the internal space 935 is made into a reduced-pressure atmosphere, the internal space 905, the internal space 925, or the internal space 935 is filled with argon or nitrogen. You may substitute by inert gas, such as.
- the single-cell battery 1000 having one power generation element 100 was described.
- the structure and manufacturing method of the battery 1000 according to the present embodiment are also effective for the laminated battery having the same structure.
- Embodiment 2 describes a battery system using the battery according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. The battery 1000 according to Embodiment 1 described above has a plurality of negative pressure voids 250 inside the power generation element 100, and therefore has excellent environmental resistance, and provides various advantages in actual operation.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a battery system 3000 according to Embodiment 2.
- battery system 3000 includes battery 2000 and container 600 .
- the battery 2000 is, for example, a laminated battery that has a plurality of batteries 1000 according to Embodiment 1 and has a laminated structure in which the plurality of batteries 1000 are laminated. Note that FIG. 17 omits the description of the structure in which the batteries 1000 are stacked, and shows the battery 2000 as one rectangle. Since the battery 2000 is a laminated battery, high voltage or high capacity can be achieved. Battery 2000 is placed in interior space 605 of container 600 . The battery included in battery system 3000 may be battery 1000, which is a single cell battery.
- the container 600 is a closed container for housing the battery 2000 .
- Container 600 has an interior space 605 that provides a reduced pressure environment.
- a reduced-pressure environment is an environment in which the pressure of the environment in which the battery 2000 is placed is 1 atm or less. That is, the pressure in internal space 605 is less than 1 atm.
- the internal space 605 may be a reduced pressure environment by housing the battery 2000 in the container 600 under a reduced pressure environment.
- the internal space 605 may become a reduced-pressure environment by means of a ventilation door or vent that connects to the outside.
- the container 600 is, for example, a battery case for protecting the power generation element 100 and the like, but it is not limited to a battery-dedicated container such as a battery case, and may be an airplane, a spacecraft, a vacuum chamber, or the like. Container 600 may be flown by, for example, a flight device (not shown).
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of another battery system 3100 according to the second embodiment.
- battery system 3100 includes battery 2000 and container 610 .
- the container 610 has an internal space 615 that serves as a reduced pressure environment. Further, the container 610 is provided with a hole 612 that connects the internal space 615 and the outside of the container 610 .
- the container 610 is, for example, placed in a reduced pressure environment or moved so that the inner space 615 becomes a reduced pressure environment due to the holes 612 .
- the container 610 is, for example, a battery case for protecting the power generation element 100 and the like, which is mounted on a moving object moving in a high-altitude environment or outer space, such as an airplane or spacecraft.
- the container 610 is not limited to a battery-dedicated container such as a battery case, but may be a device housing of a device used in a high-altitude environment or outer space, or a device housing installed in an airplane or spacecraft. There may be.
- the battery 2000 is placed in a reduced pressure environment, and the battery 2000 is charged or discharged.
- the pressure of the reduced pressure environment may be 0.95 atm or less, or may be 0.8 atm or less. Also, the pressure of the reduced pressure environment is greater than 0 atm, for example.
- the outside of the container 610 is generally in a reduced-pressure environment, and the battery system 3100 may be placed in an environment of 0.95 atm or less, or even 0.8 atm or less, for example. . Even in such a reduced-pressure environment, since the battery 2000 has a plurality of negative-pressure voids 250 , damage to the power generation element 100 caused by the plurality of voids 250 can be suppressed.
- the internal pressure of the plurality of voids 250 in the battery 2000 is, for example, equal to or lower than the pressure in the reduced-pressure environment.
- the battery system according to the present embodiment includes the battery 1000 according to Embodiment 1, high reliability of the battery can be ensured even in a battery system in which the battery is placed in a reduced pressure environment.
- the plurality of voids 250 existed inside each of the negative electrode active material layer 110, the positive electrode active material layer 120, and the solid electrolyte layer 130, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a plurality of voids 250 may exist inside at least one of negative electrode active material layer 110 , positive electrode active material layer 120 and solid electrolyte layer 130 .
- the negative electrode active material layer 110, the positive electrode active material layer 120, and the solid electrolyte layer 130 each contain an inorganic solid electrolyte, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- Each of the negative electrode active material layer 110, the positive electrode active material layer 120, and the solid electrolyte layer 130 may contain a solid electrolyte other than an inorganic solid electrolyte in addition to the inorganic solid electrolyte or instead of the inorganic solid electrolyte. good.
- a battery or the like according to the present disclosure can be used as a battery or the like for electronic equipment, electric appliances, electric vehicles, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
本開示の一様態における電池は、正極活物質および第1無機系固体電解質を含む正極層と、負極活物質および第2無機系固体電解質を含む負極層と、前記正極層と前記負極層との間に位置し、第3無機系固体電解質を含む固体電解質層と、を有する発電要素を備え、前記発電要素の内部に複数の空隙が存在し、前記複数の空隙の内圧は1atm未満である。
[構成]
まず、本実施の形態に係る電池の構成について説明する。
次に、本実施の形態に係る電池1000の製造方法について説明する。電池1000の製造方法は、例えば、第1の圧縮工程と第2の圧縮工程とを含む。
次に、実施の形態2について説明する。実施の形態2では、実施の形態1に係る電池を用いた電池システムについて説明する。上述の実施の形態1に係る電池1000では、発電要素100の内部に負圧の複数の空隙250が存在するため耐環境性にも優れており、実運用上での様々な利点を供する。
以上、本開示に係る電池および電池システムについて、実施の形態に基づいて説明したが、本開示は、これらの実施の形態に限定されるものではない。本開示の主旨を逸脱しない限り、当業者が思いつく各種変形を実施の形態に施したものや、実施の形態における一部の構成要素を組み合わせて構築される別の形態も、本開示の範囲に含まれる。
110 負極活物質層
120 正極活物質層
130 固体電解質層
210 負極集電体
220 正極集電体
250 空隙
310、320、330、340、350 積層体
400、410、420 被圧縮体
600、610 容器
605、615、905、925、935 内部空間
612 孔
800 平板プレス装置
850 ロールプレス装置
860 巻出しロール
870 巻取りロール
880 搬送ローラー
890 シールローラー
900、930 真空槽
910 真空ポンプ
911 接続部
920 気密容器
921 変形部
922 プレス部
922a 下面
923 収容部
923a 底面
1000、2000 電池
3000、3100 電池システム
Claims (15)
- 正極活物質および第1無機系固体電解質を含む正極層と、
負極活物質および第2無機系固体電解質を含む負極層と、
前記正極層と前記負極層との間に位置し、第3無機系固体電解質を含む固体電解質層と、
を有する発電要素を備え、
前記発電要素の内部に複数の空隙が存在し、
前記複数の空隙の内圧は1atm未満である、
電池。 - 前記複数の空隙は、前記第1無機系固体電解質、前記第2無機系固体電解質および前記第3無機系固体電解質のうちの少なくとも1つの粒界に沿って位置する、
請求項1に記載の電池。 - 前記複数の空隙のうちの少なくとも1つは、前記正極層および前記負極層のうちの少なくとも1つの内部に存在する、
請求項1または2に記載の電池。 - 前記複数の空隙のうちの少なくとも1つは、前記正極層、前記負極層および前記固体電解質層のうちの少なくとも1つの表面に位置する、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の電池。 - 前記複数の空隙の内圧は、0.1atm以下である、
請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の電池。 - 前記複数の空隙のそれぞれの最大幅の平均は、10μm以下である、
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の電池。 - 前記正極層、前記負極層および前記固体電解質層のうちの少なくとも1つにおける密度は、材料理論密度の90%以上である、
請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の電池。 - 減圧環境となる内部空間を有する容器と、
前記内部空間に配置される、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の電池と、
を備える、
電池システム。 - 前記減圧環境の圧力は、0.95atm以下である、
請求項8に記載の電池システム。 - 前記複数の空隙の内圧は、前記減圧環境の圧力以下である、
請求項8または9に記載の電池システム。 - 正極活物質および第1無機系固体電解質を含む正極層と、負極活物質および第2無機系固体電解質を含む負極層と、前記正極層と前記負極層との間に位置し、第3無機系固体電解質を含む固体電解質層とを備える電池の製造方法であって、
前記正極層、前記負極層および前記固体電解質層のうちの少なくとも1つを含む被圧縮体のプレスを減圧雰囲気で行う圧縮工程を含む、
電池の製造方法。 - 正極層と、負極層と、前記正極層と前記負極層との間に位置する固体電解質層とを備える電池の製造方法であって、
前記固体電解質層を介して対向するように前記正極層と前記負極層とを積層した被圧縮体のプレスを減圧雰囲気で行う圧縮工程を含む、
電池の製造方法。 - 前記減圧雰囲気の圧力は、0.1atm以下である、
請求項11または12に記載の電池の製造方法。 - 前記プレスの圧力は、10MPa以上である、
請求項11から13のいずれか一項に記載の電池の製造方法。 - 前記圧縮工程では、気密容器内に前記被圧縮体を配置し、前記気密容器内を前記減圧雰囲気にした後、前記気密容器の外部から前記被圧縮体の前記プレスを行い、
前記気密容器は、前記プレスにより変形する変形部を備え、
前記プレスによって前記変形部が変形することにより、前記気密容器の外部からの前記プレスの圧力が前記被圧縮体に印加される、
請求項11から14のいずれか一項に記載の電池の製造方法。
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