WO2022170532A1 - 一种治疗头及放射治疗设备 - Google Patents

一种治疗头及放射治疗设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022170532A1
WO2022170532A1 PCT/CN2021/076388 CN2021076388W WO2022170532A1 WO 2022170532 A1 WO2022170532 A1 WO 2022170532A1 CN 2021076388 W CN2021076388 W CN 2021076388W WO 2022170532 A1 WO2022170532 A1 WO 2022170532A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
collimator
hole
treatment head
sliding block
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/076388
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李金升
Original Assignee
西安大医集团股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 西安大医集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 西安大医集团股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/076388 priority Critical patent/WO2022170532A1/zh
Priority to CN202180092818.9A priority patent/CN116847908A/zh
Publication of WO2022170532A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022170532A1/zh
Priority to US18/446,852 priority patent/US20230381543A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of medical equipment, and in particular, to a treatment head and radiotherapy equipment.
  • a radiotherapy system is a medical device that uses radiation to treat tumors.
  • the radiotherapy system generally includes: a gantry, a treatment head, and a treatment couch.
  • the treatment couch is used to carry the patient and move the patient to a designated position.
  • the gantry is used to drive the treatment head to rotate around the isocenter axis, and the treatment head focuses multiple beams of rays to the tumor target area of the patient while rotating, thereby realizing the radiotherapy of the tumor tissue.
  • the treatment head can rotate along its own axis
  • the treatment head includes: a radiation source, a pre-collimator and a multi-leaf collimator, and the ray beam emitted by the radiation source first passes through the pre-collimation hole on the pre-collimator Then, the final conformation is carried out through the final collimation hole on the multi-leaf collimator to limit the radiation range of the ray beam, so that the final irradiation field is adapted to the shape of the patient's tumor.
  • the multi-leaf collimator includes a plurality of sets of leaves that can be opened and closed in the radial direction of the frame.
  • the blades are opened and closed along the radial direction of the gantry.
  • the opening and closing direction of the blades of the multi-leaf collimator is along the direction of gravity, and gravity will affect the direction of gravity.
  • the movement of the blades has a detrimental effect.
  • the present application provides a treatment head and a radiotherapy apparatus, which can solve the above technical problems.
  • a treatment head comprising: a radiation source, a pre-collimator and a multi-leaf collimator;
  • the pre-collimator and the multi-leaf collimator are sequentially arranged on the path of the ray beam emitted by the radiation source, and the pre-collimator is configured to perform preliminary conformation to the ray beam emitted by the radiation source , the multi-leaf collimator is configured to perform final conforming to the initially conformed ray beam;
  • the multi-leaf collimator includes: a plurality of blade groups arranged side by side; each blade group includes: a first blade and a second blade arranged oppositely;
  • Both the first blade and the second blade move in a direction parallel to the axis of the gantry of the radiation therapy system.
  • the treatment head is configured not to rotate about its own axis.
  • the multi-leaf collimator further includes:
  • the first driving mechanism is connected with the first blade, and is used for driving the first blade to move in a direction parallel to the axis of the frame;
  • the second driving mechanism is connected with the second blade, and is used for driving the second blade to move in a direction parallel to the axis of the frame.
  • the maximum moving distances of the first blade and the second blade are both 5cm-15cm;
  • the first drive mechanism is configured to be able to make the first blade stay at any position within the range of motion
  • the second drive mechanism is configured to allow the second vane to stop at any position within a range of motion.
  • the length directions of the first blade and the second blade are both parallel to the axial direction of the gantry of the radiotherapy system
  • the lengths of the first blade and the second blade are both 2.5cm-7.5cm;
  • the heights of the first blade and the second blade are both 6cm-8cm.
  • opposite front ends of the first vane and the second vane are both arranged in an arc-shaped structure.
  • the curvature of the front ends of the first blade and the second blade is inversely proportional to the thickness of the blade; or,
  • the arc size of the front ends of the first blade and the second blade is proportional to the distance between the blade and the isocenter of the radiotherapy system; or,
  • the arc size of the front ends of the first blade and the second blade is proportional to the maximum movement distance of the blade.
  • the treatment head further comprises: a position monitoring mechanism, the position monitoring mechanism being configured to monitor the movement positions of the first blade and the second blade.
  • the pre-collimator includes: a pre-collimator body, and a pre-collimation hole opened on the pre-collimator body;
  • the pre-collimation hole is a quadrangular pyramid-shaped through hole, and the pre-collimation hole penetrates the opposite first and second surfaces of the pre-collimator body.
  • the first section of the pre-collimation hole and the second section of the pre-collimation hole are both elongated holes
  • the size of the first section of the pre-collimation hole is larger than the size of the second section of the pre-collimation hole
  • the first section of the pre-collimation hole is the section of the pre-collimation hole on the first surface of the pre-collimator body
  • the second section of the pre-collimation hole is a section of the pre-collimation hole on the second surface of the pre-collimator body.
  • the shape of the projection field projected by the pre-collimation hole at the isocenter of the radiotherapy system is a strip
  • the length of the short side of the field is 5-15cm
  • the length of the long side of the shooting field is 30-50cm;
  • the short side direction of the radiation field is along the axial direction of the gantry of the radiotherapy system.
  • the size of the short side of the pre-collimation hole is adjustable.
  • the pre-collimator body includes: a base body with a through hole, a first fixing block, a second fixing block, a first sliding block, and a second sliding block;
  • the first fixing block and the second fixing block are fixed on the opposite first sides of the through hole to match the two short sides constituting the pre-alignment hole;
  • the first sliding block and the second sliding block are located on the opposite second side of the through hole to match the two long sides of the pre-alignment hole, and the first sliding block and the The distance between the second sliders is adjustable.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a radiotherapy apparatus, and the radiotherapy apparatus includes any one of the above-mentioned treatment heads.
  • both the first blade and the second blade are moved in a direction parallel to the axis of the gantry of the radiotherapy system (the axial direction of the gantry is defined as the Y direction), so that regardless of whether the treatment head follows the gantry
  • the opening and closing directions of the first blade and the second blade are always parallel to the axis direction of the frame, which effectively avoids the influence of gravity when the blades are opened and closed, and improves the multi-leaf collimator's ability to adapt to the ray beam. shape accuracy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary treatment head provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary multi-leaf collimator provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein FIG. 2 is a top view of the multi-leaf collimator, and the blade section in FIG. 2 is a section in the direction of the blade thickness T;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary blade provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein FIG. 3 is a blade structure obtained from a side view direction of a multi-leaf collimator;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another exemplary multi-leaf collimator
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre-collimator provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of a pre-collimator provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of a pre-collimator provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another pre-collimator provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of still another pre-collimator provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship between a fixed block and a slider according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the radiotherapy system is a common tumor treatment equipment.
  • the radiotherapy system includes a treatment couch, a frame and a treatment head.
  • the treatment couch can move along the axis of the frame.
  • the treatment head is carried on the frame.
  • the treatment head also includes:
  • the radiation source, the pre-collimator and the multi-leaf collimator are arranged in sequence on the path of the radiation beam emitted by the radiation source.
  • the ray beam emitted by the radiation source is firstly conformed through the pre-collimation hole on the pre-collimator, and then is finally conformed through the final collimation hole on the multi-leaf collimator to limit the radiation range of the beam. , so that the final irradiation field is adapted to the shape of the patient's tumor.
  • the treatment head can rotate along its own axis, and the treatment head includes: a radiation source, a pre-collimator and a multi-leaf collimator.
  • the radiation beam emitted by the radiation source first passes through the pre-collimator on the pre-collimator.
  • the final conformation is carried out through the final collimation hole on the multi-leaf collimator to limit the radiation range of the ray beam, so that the final irradiation field is adapted to the shape of the patient's tumor.
  • the multi-leaf collimator includes a plurality of sets of leaves that can be opened and closed in the radial direction of the frame.
  • the opening and closing directions of the vanes of the multi-leaf collimator follow the direction of gravity, and gravity will adversely affect the movement of the vanes.
  • the isocenter of the radiation therapy system refers to the intersection of the rotation axis of the collimator (which can be considered as the center of the irradiation field) and the rotation axis of the gantry.
  • the collimator refers to the whole composed of the pre-collimator and the multi-leaf collimator.
  • the field refers to the beam plane defined by the collimator and perpendicular to the central axis of the beam.
  • the axial direction of the gantry refers to the axial direction along the central axis of the gantry, and the gantry can perform rotational motion around its central axis to drive the treatment head on it to perform synchronous rotational motion.
  • the central axis of the gantry is parallel to the central axis of the treatment couch.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a treatment head 100, which can be used in a radiation treatment system.
  • the treatment head 100 includes: a radiation source 101, a pre-collimator 102 and a multi-leaf collimator 103; wherein , the pre-collimator 102 and the multi-leaf collimator 103 are sequentially arranged on the path of the ray beam emitted by the radiation source 101, and the pre-collimator 102 is configured to preliminarily conform to the ray beam emitted by the radiation source 101.
  • the straightener 103 is configured to final conform the initially conformed beam.
  • the multi-leaf collimator 103 includes: a plurality of blade groups arranged side by side; each blade group includes: a first blade 11 and a second blade 12 arranged oppositely;
  • Both the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 move in a direction parallel to the axis of the gantry 200 of the radiotherapy system.
  • both the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 are moved in a direction parallel to the axis of the gantry 200 of the radiotherapy system (the axis direction of the gantry 200 is the direction of the straight line where the central axis is located, and the gantry 200 rotates around the gantry 200 . Its central axis can be rotated, and the axial direction of the gantry 200 is defined as the Y direction in the embodiment of the present application).
  • the opening and closing direction of the 12 is always parallel to the axis direction of the gantry 200 , which effectively avoids the blade being affected by gravity when opening and closing, and improves the accuracy of the multi-leaf collimator 103 for conforming to the ray beam.
  • the treatment head 100 is configured not to rotate around its own axis, that is, the treatment head 100 and the gantry 200 always maintain a relatively fixed relationship, and the treatment head 100 cannot rotate along the gantry 200, It can only rotate with the frame 200 .
  • the radiation source 101 , the pre-collimator 102 and the multi-leaf collimator 103 are all fixedly arranged, so that the pre-collimator 102 and the multi-leaf collimator 103 are sequentially arranged on the radiation source 101 on the path of the emitted ray beam. Since the treatment head 100 cannot rotate, the corresponding pre-collimator 102 and the multi-leaf collimator 103 cannot perform corresponding rotational motions.
  • the multi-leaf collimator 103 further includes:
  • first driving mechanisms 21 corresponding to the first blades 11 one-to-one
  • second driving mechanisms 22 corresponding to the second blades 12 one-to-one
  • the first driving mechanism 21 is connected with the first blade 11, and is used for driving the first blade 11 to move in a direction parallel to the axis of the frame 200;
  • the second driving mechanism 22 is connected with the second blade 12 for driving the second blade 12 to move in a direction parallel to the axis of the frame 200 .
  • each blade of the multi-leaf collimator 103 is independently driven by a corresponding driving mechanism.
  • the specific first blade 11 and/or the second blade 12 are respectively driven for conformation, which is beneficial to improve the Conformal accuracy to achieve the purpose of IM therapy.
  • the moving distance of the blades of the multi-leaf collimator 103 when opening and closing is also reduced accordingly, so that the maximum moving distance of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 is relatively smaller than the current distance.
  • the maximum moving distances of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 are both 5 cm-15 cm, for example, 8 cm or 10 cm.
  • the maximum moving distance of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 is 8cm;
  • the maximum moving distance of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 is 10 cm.
  • the stroke of the blade is shortened, thereby shortening the length of the blade.
  • the first driving mechanism 21 is configured to enable the first blade 11 to stay at any position within the range of motion; the second driving mechanism 22 is configured to enable the second blade 12 to stay at any position within the range of motion stay.
  • each blade can be moved to any point within the movable range of the blade, which is beneficial to improve the conformal accuracy of the multi-leaf collimator 103 .
  • both the first driving mechanism 21 and the second driving mechanism 22 include: a first transmission member 201 and a first driving member 202 ; a first transmission member 201 and a first blade 11 or the rear end of the second blade 12 is connected; the first driving member 202 is connected with the first transmission member 201 .
  • each first blade 11 is connected with a first transmission member 201
  • the rear end of each second blade 12 is connected with a first transmission member 201 .
  • the rear end of the blade refers to the end opposite to the front end of the blade
  • the front ends of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 refer to the opposite ends.
  • the front end of the first blade 11 and the second blade A conformal region for rays is formed between the front ends of 12.
  • the first driving mechanism 21 and the second driving mechanism 22 are used to control the movement of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 respectively, so that after the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 move to the set position, they can automatically fixed at the set position.
  • the transmission mode of the first transmission member 201 is screw transmission or rack-and-pinion transmission, and the following is an exemplary description respectively:
  • the first transmission member 201 is a screw rod
  • the first driving member 202 is a linear motor (for example, a miniature linear motor)
  • the wire The first end of the rod is connected to the tail end of the first blade 11 (or, the second blade 12 ), and the second end of the screw rod is connected to the linear motor.
  • the linear motor can drive the screw to perform linear reciprocating motion, thereby driving the first blade 11 (or, the second blade 12 ) to perform corresponding linear motion, so as to make the first blade 11 (or, the second blade 12 ) move along the frame 200 .
  • the second end of the screw rod can be connected with the linear motor through the rotor with internal thread, and the first end of the screw rod is fixedly connected with the tail end of the first blade 11 (or the second blade 12), so that the The rotational motion of the output shaft can be converted into linear motion of the lead screw along the rotor, thereby driving the first blade 11 (or, the second blade 12 ) to move linearly.
  • the lead screw can be directly used as the output shaft of the linear motor, and at the same time the lead screw is threadedly connected to the tail end of the first blade 11 (or the second blade 12 ), so that the rotation of the lead screw can be directly converted into the first blade 11 (or, the linear movement of the second blade 12).
  • the length of the lead screw corresponding to each blade is correspondingly shortened, which is not only beneficial to The production difficulty of the multi-leaf collimator 103 is reduced, the stability thereof can be increased, and the failure rate can be reduced.
  • the multi-leaf collimator 103 provided by the embodiment of the present application does not require a trolley and other devices to increase the stroke of the leaves, thereby further reducing the complexity of the radiation therapy system.
  • the first transmission member 201 When the transmission mode of the first transmission member 201 is rack and pinion transmission, the first transmission member 201 includes a gear and a rack that mesh with each other, and the first driving member 202 is a micro motor.
  • the rack is fixedly connected to the first blade 11 (or the second blade 12 ), and the gear is coaxially connected to the micro motor.
  • the micro motor When the micro motor is started, it can drive the gear to rotate, and then drive the rack meshing with it to make linear motion, and the moving rack then drives the first blade 11 (or the second blade 12 ) to make linear motion.
  • the movement speed and movement position of the first blade 11 can be precisely controlled, so as to obtain a precise ray intensity modulation effect.
  • the first driving members 202 of the first driving mechanism 21 and the second driving mechanism 22, such as motors, are connected to a controller (eg, a PLC controller or a computer), and the controller can also be connected to a host computer at the same time.
  • a controller eg, a PLC controller or a computer
  • the operator can send the blade moving distance adjustment instruction to the controller, and the controller drives the motor to control the blade movement after receiving the instruction.
  • the multi-leaf collimator 103 further includes: a first driving member mounting plate, where the first driving member mounting plate has a plurality of mounting positions for being respectively fixed with the plurality of first driving members connected, so that the positions of the plurality of first driving members are fixed.
  • the multi-leaf collimator 103 may further include: a guide rail box for carrying all the blades, so that the blades can move stably along the guide rail box when moving.
  • the operator can send an instruction to adjust the moving distance of the leaves through the host computer before the treatment.
  • the operator can also send instructions to adjust the moving distance of the blades in real time during the treatment process.
  • the driving speed of the motor can also be adjusted in real time to precisely control the movement speed and movement position of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12, thereby achieving dose intensity modulation during the treatment process.
  • the length directions of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 are both parallel to the axial direction of the gantry 200 of the radiotherapy system;
  • the lengths L of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 are both 2.5cm-7.5cm;
  • the heights H of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 are both 6cm-8cm.
  • the length directions of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 are made parallel to the axial direction of the gantry 200 of the radiation therapy system (the axial direction of the gantry 200 is defined as the Y direction). In this way, when the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 are opened and closed, they can always move along the axial direction of the gantry 200 of the radiotherapy system, so that the multi-leaf collimator 103 can be prevented from being affected by gravity when opening and closing. The accuracy of beam conforming by the multi-leaf collimator 103 is improved.
  • the lengths L of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 are both 2.5cm-7.5cm, such as 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, and so on.
  • the length L of the blade refers to the longest dimension in the length direction thereof, and the above-mentioned blade length reduces the size of the blade, and finally reduces the size of the blade of the multi-leaf collimator 103 .
  • the length of the blade is significantly reduced compared with the blade length (150 mm) of the prior art, thereby reducing the size and weight of the blade, and reducing the difficulty and cost of processing.
  • the lighter weight of the blade reduces friction and motion resistance, and the movement is more easily controlled, which can reduce the failure rate. Under the same driving capacity, the blade can move faster, thereby significantly improving the treatment quality.
  • the blade size is determined in part by the size of the field formed by the pre-collimator 102 at the isocenter, ie, the reduction in blade size depends on the reduction in the maximum size of the field formed by the pre-collimator 102. Small.
  • the field projected by the pre-collimation hole 42 of the pre-collimator 102 at the isocenter of the radiotherapy system is a rectangle, it includes a long side and a short side, and when the length of the short side of the field is 8 cm, The lengths of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 may both be set to 4 cm; when the length of the short side of the field is 10 cm, the lengths of the first blade 1111 and the second blade 1212 may both be set to 5 cm.
  • the heights H of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 are both 6 cm-8 cm, for example, 6 cm, 6.5 cm, 7 cm, 7.5 cm, and the like.
  • the height direction of the blade is along the emission direction of the ray beam. Within this height range, the blade can not only provide a better ray conforming effect, but also make the blade miniaturized.
  • the thicknesses T of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 both gradually decrease from the two sides to the middle. That is to say, in the blade group, the blade closer to the middle has a thinner thickness, and the blade closer to the two sides has a thicker thickness. This arrangement is beneficial to improve the precision of the intensity modulation of the treatment area.
  • the opposite front ends of the first vane 11 and the second vane 12 are both arranged in an arc-shaped structure, for example, a circular arc shape, and further, for example, a semi-circular arc shape.
  • the radian of the front end of the two can be the same or different.
  • the radian of the front end of the first blade 11 and the front end of the second blade 12 are the same. .
  • the involved first blade 11 and the second blade 12 both include: a rectangular body and an arc-shaped front end located at the front end of the rectangular body.
  • the arc-shaped directions of the arc-shaped front ends of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 are all along the height direction of the blades, and the height direction of the blades refers to the direction along the emission direction of the ray beam, that is, vertically passing through the 2 shows the orientation of the screenshot.
  • the multi-leaf collimator 103 provided by the embodiment of the present application, by setting the opposite front ends of the first vane 11 and the second vane 12 to an arc-shaped structure, compared with the straight linear shape of the front ends of the vanes, the first vane 11 And the front end of the second blade 12 is set in an arc shape, which can reduce the penumbra formed when the ray beam passes through the multi-leaf collimator 103, which is beneficial to improve the treatment accuracy.
  • the curvature of the front ends of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 is inversely proportional to the thickness of the blade where they are located, that is, the thicker the thickness T of the blade, the smaller the curvature of the front end of the blade; The thinner the thickness T of the blade, the greater the curvature of the front end of the blade.
  • the arc size of the front ends of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 is proportional to the distance between the blades and the isocenter of the radiotherapy system, that is, the greater the distance between the blades from the isocenter, the greater the curvature of the front ends of the blades; The smaller the distance from the isocenter, the smaller the curvature of the blade tip.
  • the arc size of the front end of the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 is proportional to the maximum moving distance of the blade, that is, the larger the maximum moving distance that the blade can move, the greater the arc of the front end of the blade, and the maximum moving distance that the blade can move. The smaller it is, the smaller the curvature of the front end of the blade.
  • the treatment head 100 provided in this embodiment of the present application further includes: a position monitoring mechanism 3 , where the position monitoring mechanism 3 is configured to monitor the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 movement positions.
  • the position monitoring mechanism 3 is used to accurately monitor the movement and displacement of the blades, so as to further improve the conforming accuracy of the multi-leaf collimator 103 to the ray beam and realize precise radiotherapy.
  • a position monitoring mechanism 3 is correspondingly provided for each blade.
  • the position monitoring mechanism 3 includes: a load cell 32 and an elastic member 31, the load cell 32 is fixedly arranged, one end of the elastic member 31 is fixedly connected to the load cell 32, and the elastic member The other end of 31 and the rear end of the first blade 11 (the second blade 12 ).
  • the load cell 32 can measure the magnitude of the force on the elastic member 31 .
  • the stretching degree of the elastic member 31 changes, and then the force detected by the load cell 32 changes.
  • the movement position of the first blade 11 (the second blade 12 ) is determined according to the detected force.
  • the position monitoring mechanism 3 further includes a processor, which is electrically connected to the load cell 32 for determining the first blade 11 (the second blade 12 ) according to the force data measured by the load cell 32 ) of the movement position.
  • the load cell 32 can be fixed on the driving element mounting plate or the guide rail box of the multi-leaf collimator 103 .
  • the elastic member 31 In order to facilitate the measurement, when the elastic member 31 is located between the rear end of the first blade 11 (the second blade 12) and the load cell 32, when the blade is in the initial position, the elastic member 31 is in a natural elongation state. In this way, When the blade is moving, it is only necessary to measure the tensile force of the elastic member 31, and when the blade returns to the initial position, the theoretical tensile force is zero, so the measurement is more convenient.
  • the elastic member 31 may be a spring, and the Hooke coefficient of the spring is fixed within the normal use range, which can ensure the accuracy of the measurement data.
  • the elastic member 31 may also include: latex tendons, tubes, ropes, or rubber tendons, tubes, ropes, etc., or other components with good elasticity and a fixed Hooke coefficient.
  • the position monitoring mechanism 3 is a laser range finder
  • the laser range finder includes: a space wave transmitter, a space wave receiver and a processor, wherein the space wave transmitter can emit a space that travels in a straight line
  • the space wave emitted by the space wave transmitter is irradiated on the rear end surface of the first blade 11 (the second blade 12 );
  • the space wave receiver is arranged on the reflection reflected by the rear end surface of the first blade 11 (the second blade 12 )
  • the processor is connected with the space wave transmitter and the space wave receiver, and according to the space wave emitted by the space wave transmitter
  • the wave and the space wave received by the space wave receiver determine the position of the corresponding blade.
  • the space wave transmitter and/or the space wave receiver are mounted on the driver mounting plate or the guide rail box of the multi-leaf collimator 103 .
  • the space waves are lasers, infrared rays, ultrashort waves, or ultrasonic waves.
  • the pre-collimator 102 includes: a pre-collimator body 41 and a pre-collimator hole 42 opened on the pre-collimator body 41 ;
  • the pre-collimation hole 42 is a quadrangular pyramid-shaped through hole, and the pre-collimation hole 42 penetrates the opposite first and second surfaces of the pre-collimator body 41 .
  • the shape of the pre-collimator body 41 includes, but is not limited to, a circular block, a rectangular block, a pentagonal block, or a block of other geometric shapes, as long as it satisfies the treatment that can be properly installed in the radiation therapy system in the head.
  • FIG. 5 The structure of the quadrangular pyramid-shaped through hole is shown in FIG. 5 , which has two sets of inclined inner surfaces opposite to each other, so that the first cross-section of the pre-collimation hole 42 on the first surface of the pre-collimator body 41 is the same as that of the pre-collimator body 41 .
  • the size of the second cross section of the pre-collimation hole 42 on the second surface of the pre-collimator body 41 is different.
  • the inclination angles of the inclined inner sides of the pre-collimation holes 42 may be the same or different, as long as the dimensions of the first section and the second section of the pre-collimation holes 42 are different.
  • the pre-collimation holes 42 may be The inclination angles of the four inner sides are the same.
  • any cross-section of the pre-collimation hole 42 may be rectangular or square.
  • the first and second surfaces of the pre-collimator body 41 refer to the surfaces of the pre-collimator body 41 facing the radiation source and facing the multi-leaf collimator, wherein the The cross-sectional dimensions at the first surface and the second surface of the body 1 determine the orientation of the first surface and the second surface.
  • the surface where the end of the pre-collimation hole 42 with the smaller cross-sectional size is located faces the radiation source, and the surface where the end of the pre-collimation hole 42 with the larger cross-sectional size is located faces the multi-leaf collimator.
  • the ray beam emitted by the radiation source 101 will diverge after passing through the pre-collimation hole 42 of the quadrangular pyramid through-hole structure, so that the ray beam emitted by the pre-collimation hole 42 has a larger field area, ensuring that the ray beam
  • the final collimation hole can be completely covered, and at the same time, the volume of the pre-collimator 102 can be reduced.
  • the first section 421 of the pre-collimation hole 42 and the second section 422 of the pre-collimation hole 42 are both elongated holes;
  • the size of the first section 421 of the pre-collimation hole 42 is larger than the size of the second section 422 of the pre-collimation hole 42;
  • the first section 421 of the pre-collimation hole 42 is the section of the pre-collimation hole 42 on the first surface of the pre-collimator body 41;
  • the second section 422 of the pre-collimation hole 42 is the section of the pre-collimation hole 42 on the second surface of the pre-collimator body 41 .
  • the first surface of the pre-collimator 102 faces the multi-leaf collimator 103 and the second surface of the pre-collimator 102 faces the radiation source 101 .
  • the first cross-section and the second cross-section of the pre-collimation hole 42 may be rectangular or square. Based on the above, as shown in FIG. 6 , the first and second cross-sections of the pre-collimation hole 42 are long strips.
  • the pre-alignment hole 42 has a long side and a short side with different lengths.
  • the direction of the short side of the pre-collimation hole 42 is along the axial direction of the gantry 200 of the radiation therapy system.
  • the shape of the pre-collimated hole 42 whose cross-sectional shape is an elongated hole projected at the isocenter of the radiotherapy system is a rectangle correspondingly, which includes a long side and a short side, and the short side of the field is in the direction of the radiation therapy.
  • the axial direction of the frame 200 of the system is a rectangle correspondingly, which includes a long side and a short side, and the short side of the field is in the direction of the radiation therapy.
  • the length of the short side of the field is 5cm-15cm, such as 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm, 15cm, etc.;
  • the side length is 30cm-50cm, for example, 30cm, 35cm, 40cm, 45cm, 50cm, etc.
  • the size of the field projected by the pre-collimation hole 42 at the isocenter of the radiotherapy system is as follows: the length of the short side of the field is 8 cm or 10 cm, and the length of the long side of the field is 40 cm.
  • the size of the pre-collimation hole 42 at any distance from the isocenter can be correspondingly obtained, and then the size of the first section 421 of the pre-collimation hole 42 and the second size of the pre-collimation hole 42 can be obtained.
  • the dimensions of the second section 422 The above-mentioned field size provided by the embodiment of the present application makes the size of the pre-collimation hole 42 correspondingly smaller, which is beneficial to reduce the size and volume of the pre-collimator 102 , and further facilitates to simplify the volume and structure of the treatment head 100 .
  • the size of the pre-collimation hole 42 of the pre-collimator 102 provided in the embodiment of the present application can be adjusted, which includes but is not limited to: making the size of the long side of the pre-collimation hole 422 adjustable, or , the size of the short side of the pre-collimation hole 42 can be adjusted, or the size of the long side and the size of the short side of the pre-collimation hole 42 can be adjusted.
  • the size of the pre-collimation hole 42 is variable, so that different preliminary conformal effects of the ray beam can be obtained, and it is suitable for different sized lesion areas, thereby improving the adaptability of the pre-collimator 102. Further, when the size of the pre-collimation hole 42 changes to 0, that is, when the pre-collimation hole 42 is closed, the source can be turned off or intensity-modulated therapy that does not require radiation can be performed.
  • the size of the short side of the pre-collimation hole 42 is adjustable, so that in the application state of the pre-collimator 102 , the pre-collimation hole 42 is along the axial direction of the gantry 200 of the radiotherapy system The size of the can be adjusted to suit different sized lesion areas.
  • the size of the short side of the pre-collimation hole 42 is adjustable, which means that the size of the short side of any section of the pre-collimation hole 42 can be adjusted in the entire depth direction of the pre-alignment hole 42 .
  • the pre-collimator body 41 includes: a base body 411 with a through hole, a first fixing block 412 , a second fixing block 413 , and a first sliding block 415.
  • the first fixing block 412 and the second fixing block 413 are fixed on the opposite first sides of the through hole to match the two short sides forming the pre-alignment hole 42;
  • the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 are located on the opposite second side of the through hole to match the two long sides of the pre-alignment hole 42 , and between the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 The spacing is adjustable.
  • the materials of the base body 411 , the first fixing block 412 , the second fixing block 413 , the first sliding block 415 , and the second sliding block 416 are all selected from radiation shielding materials, such as tungsten, lead, or tungsten alloy.
  • the shape of the base body 411 includes, but is not limited to: a circular block, a rectangular block, a pentagonal block, or a block of other geometric shapes, as long as it satisfies the requirements of being able to be properly installed in the treatment head 100 of the radiation therapy system in.
  • the distance between them can be adjusted, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the size of the short side of the pre-alignment hole 42 .
  • first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 can be moved in the following manner, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the distance between them: the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 pass through the sliding guide rail The first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 are driven by the rack and pinion to move, the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 are driven by the screw nut, and so on.
  • first fixing block 412 and the second fixing block 413, and the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 may be located on both sides of the top of the through hole of the base body 411, respectively.
  • the pre-alignment hole 42 formed by the slider is actually located above the through hole of the base body 411 .
  • the size of the through hole is made larger than the maximum size to which the pre-collimation hole 42 can be adjusted to ensure that the desired field is obtained.
  • first fixing block 412 and the second fixing block 413, and the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 may be located on both sides of the inner through hole of the base body 411, respectively.
  • the pre-alignment holes 42 formed by each slider are actually integrated with the through holes of the base body 411 .
  • the size of the through hole can be determined adaptively according to the size of the fixed block and the slider, and the size of the required field.
  • a sliding groove (the sliding groove is equivalent to the following guide groove 414 ) is provided on the opposite second side of the through hole of the base body 411 to accommodate the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 respectively.
  • the tail of the first slider 415 and the tail of the second slider 416 can be moved along the chute, and the fronts of the first slider 415 and the second slider 416 are opposite to form the beam conforming area .
  • the structures of the opposite sides of the first fixing block 412 and the second fixing block 413 are adapted to the structures of the side parts of the first sliding block 415 and the side parts of the second sliding block 416 , for example, the first fixing block 412 and the second sliding block 416
  • the opposite sides of the two fixing blocks 413 are in contact with the side surfaces of the first sliding block 415 , so that the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 move along the side surfaces of the fixing blocks.
  • guide grooves 1201 are provided on the opposite surfaces of the first fixing block 412 and the second fixing block 413 , so that the opposite sides of the first sliding block 415 are opposite to the second sliding block 416 .
  • the two sides are respectively embedded in the corresponding guide grooves 1201 , so that both the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 move along the guide groove 1201 .
  • one of the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 may be fixed, and the other may be moved, for example, the second sliding block 416 may be fixed, and the first sliding block 415 may be moved away from or close to The second sliding block 416 moves in the direction of movement; alternatively, both the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 may be able to move, and the two may move toward each other or backward.
  • Guide grooves 414 are provided, so that the opposite sides of the first slider 415 and the opposite sides of the second slider 416 are respectively embedded in the corresponding guide grooves 414, so that the first slider 415 and the second slider 416 are The guide groove 414 moves.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the guide groove 414 includes, but is not limited to, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a circular arc, etc.
  • the opposite sides of the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 are also set to be rectangular, trapezoidal or circular arc. shape etc.
  • the guide grooves 414 on the fixed block can not only provide a guiding function for the movement of the slider, but also provide a certain limit function for the slider, which is beneficial to improve the stability of the slider during movement.
  • the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 move along the guide groove 414 to the set position, the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 need to be fixed. Limited to the following:
  • the slider is manually fixed.
  • the pre-collimator 102 provided in this embodiment of the present application further includes: a fixing member 5 , and the fixing member 5 is It is configured to be able to fix the first slider 415 and the second slider 416 in a moving state.
  • the fixing member 5 includes: a pressure plate and a first fixing bolt, wherein one end of the pressure plate is rotatably connected to the top of the first fixing block 412 and/or the second fixing block 413, and the other end of the pressure plate is provided with a first fixing block 412.
  • a bolt hole is provided on the top wall of the first sliding block 415 with a first bolt groove, wherein the first bolt groove is elongated, and the length of the first bolt groove extends along the moving direction of the first sliding block 415 .
  • the first bolt groove communicates with the first bolt hole.
  • the first fixing bolt can pass through the first bolt hole into the first position of the first bolt groove, and at the same time be threadedly connected with the first bolt hole, so that the pressing plate is pressed tightly
  • the first sliding block 415 makes the first sliding block 415 press against the top of the base body 411 to achieve the purpose of fixing the first sliding block 415 .
  • the first bolt hole thereon communicates with the second position of the first bolt groove on the first slider 415, so that the first fixing bolt can pass through the first bolt hole into the second position of the first bolt groove, and at the same time It is threadedly connected with the first bolt hole to achieve the purpose of pressing the first sliding block 415 .
  • the fixing member 5 includes: a second fixing bolt, a plurality of second bolt grooves arranged side by side are opened on the side wall of the first sliding block 415, and the plurality of second bolt grooves are along the first sliding block.
  • the moving directions of the 415 are arranged in sequence, the side wall of the first fixing block 412 or the second fixing block 413 is provided with a second bolt hole, the second bolt hole is in the shape of a long strip, and the length of the second bolt hole is along the first sliding block.
  • the direction of movement of the block 415 extends.
  • the second bolt hole communicates with the second bolt groove, and both of them can be threadedly connected with the second fixing bolt at the same time.
  • the second fixing bolt can pass through the second bolt hole and enter the second bolt groove, and is threadedly connected with the two at the same time, so as to achieve the purpose of fixing the first sliding block 415 .
  • both the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 are driven by the third driving mechanism 23 to move; wherein, the third driving mechanism 23 includes: A second transmission member 203 connected with a sliding block 415 and a second sliding block 416 ; a second driving member 204 connected with the second transmission member 203 .
  • the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 correspond to a third driving mechanism 23 respectively, and the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 are individually controlled by the two third driving mechanisms 23 .
  • the third driving mechanism 23 can be used to automatically control the movement process of the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416, so that the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 are moved to the set point. After the position is set, it can be automatically fixed at the set position.
  • the transmission mode of the second transmission member 203 is a screw transmission or a rack and pinion transmission, and the following is an exemplary description respectively:
  • the second transmission member 203 is a screw rod
  • the second driving member 204 is a linear motor (miniature linear motor).
  • the first end is connected with the tail end of the first slider 415 (the tail end of the first slider 415 is the end of the first slider 415 away from the second slider 416 ), and the second end of the screw rod is connected with the linear motor .
  • the linear motor can drive the screw to perform linear reciprocating motion, and then drive the first sliding block 415 to perform corresponding linear motion, so as to achieve the purpose of making the first sliding block 415 perform linear reciprocating motion along the central axis of the frame 200 .
  • the second end of the screw rod can be connected to the linear motor through a rotor with internal threads, and the first end of the screw rod is fixedly connected to the tail end of the first slider 415, so that the rotational motion of the output shaft of the linear motor can be converted into It is the linear movement of the lead screw along the rotor, which in turn drives the first sliding block 415 to move linearly.
  • the lead screw can be directly used as the output shaft of the linear motor, and the lead screw is threadedly connected to the tail end of the first slider 415 , so that the rotation of the lead screw can be directly converted into linear motion of the first slider 415 .
  • the second transmission member 203 includes: a gear and a rack that mesh with each other, and the second driving member 204 is a micro motor.
  • the rack is fixedly connected to the first slider 415, and the gear is coaxially connected to the micro motor.
  • the micro motor When the micro motor is started, it can drive the gear to rotate, and then drive the gear rack meshed with it to move in a straight line, and the rack that realizes the movement then drives the first slider 415 to move in a straight line.
  • the movement speed and movement position of the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 can be precisely controlled, so that the precise ray intensity modulation effect can be obtained.
  • the motor of the third driving mechanism 23 is connected to a controller (eg, a PLC controller), and the controller can be connected to the upper computer at the same time.
  • the operator can send the pre-alignment hole to the controller by operating the upper computer. 42
  • the short side length adjustment command after receiving the command, the controller drives the motor to control the movement of the slider, thereby achieving the purpose of obtaining the pre-alignment hole 42 of a specific size.
  • the operator can send an instruction to adjust the size of the pre-collimation hole 42 through the host computer before the treatment, and the pre-collimation hole 42 The width is adjusted to the set width value.
  • the operator can also send an instruction to adjust the size of the pre-collimation hole 42 in real time during the treatment.
  • the driving speed of the motor can also be adjusted in real time, so as to precisely control the movement speed and movement position of the first sliding block 415 and the second sliding block 416 .
  • the treatment couch 300 can be set on the ground to support the patient, and the treatment couch 300 is configured to be movable to change the position of the patient.
  • the gantry 200 may include: a fixed gantry and a rotating gantry, wherein the fixed gantry is fixed on the ground, the rotating gantry is rotatably connected to the fixed gantry, and at the same time, the rotating gantry is also fixed to the treatment head 100
  • the rotating gantry can drive the treatment head 100 to rotate around the central axis of the rotating gantry, so that the treatment head 100 can rotate with the rotating gantry, and the treatment head 100 will not rotate.
  • the structure of the rotating frame includes, but is not limited to, an annular structure, a C-shaped structure, a helmet-shaped structure, and the like.
  • first and second are only used for description purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • plurality refers to two or more, unless expressly limited otherwise.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种治疗头及放射治疗设备，属于医疗设备领域。该治疗头包括：辐射源、预准直器和多叶准直器；预准直器以及多叶准直器依次设置于辐射源发出射线束的路径上，预准直器被配置为对辐射源发出的射线束进行初步适形，多叶准直器被配置为对初步适形的射线束进行最终适形；多叶准直器包括：多个并排设置的叶片组；每一叶片组包括：相对设置的第一叶片和第二叶片；第一叶片和第二叶片均沿平行于放射治疗系统的机架的轴线方向运动。不论治疗头随机架转动至任意位置处时，叶片开合方向始终平行于机架的轴线方向，有效避免了叶片开合时受到重力的影响，提高多叶准直器对射线束适形的准确度。

Description

一种治疗头及放射治疗设备 技术领域
本申请涉及医疗设备领域，特别涉及一种治疗头及放射治疗设备。
背景技术
放射治疗系统是一种利用放射线治疗肿瘤的医疗设备，放射治疗系统一般包括：机架、治疗头、治疗床，其中，治疗床用于承载患者并将患者移动至指定位置处，治疗头设置于机架上，利用机架带动治疗头绕等中心的轴线旋转，治疗头在旋转的同时将多个射线束聚焦到患者的肿瘤靶区，从而实现对肿瘤组织的放射治疗。
相关技术中，治疗头能够沿其自身轴线自转，并且治疗头包括：辐射源、预准直器和多叶准直器，辐射源发出的射线束首先通过预准直器上的预准直孔来进行初步适形，然后再通过多叶准直器上的终准直孔进行最终适形，以限定射线束的辐射范围，从而使最终的照射野与患者的肿瘤形状适配。其中，多叶准直器包括多组可以沿机架径向方向开合的叶片。
在实现本申请的过程中，发明人发现相关技术中至少存在以下问题：
相关技术提供的治疗头，叶片沿机架径向方向开合，当多叶准直器旋转至机架的侧部时，多叶准直器的叶片开合方向沿其重力方向，重力会对叶片的移动造成不利影响。
公开内容
鉴于此，本申请提供一种治疗头及放射治疗设备，能够解决上述技术问题。
具体而言，包括以下的技术方案：
一方面，提供了一种治疗头，所述治疗头包括：辐射源、预准直器和多叶准直器；
所述预准直器以及所述多叶准直器依次设置于所述辐射源发出射线束的路径上，所述预准直器被配置为对所述辐射源发出的射线束进行初步适形，所述多叶准直器被配置为对初步适形的射线束进行最终适形；
所述多叶准直器包括：多个并排设置的叶片组；每一叶片组包括：相对设置的第一叶片和第二叶片；
所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片均沿平行于放射治疗系统的机架的轴线方向运动。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述治疗头被配置为不能绕自身的轴线自转。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述多叶准直器还包括：
与所述第一叶片一一对应的多个第一驱动机构、以及与所述第二叶片一一对应的多个第二驱动机构；
所述第一驱动机构与所述第一叶片连接，用于驱动所述第一叶片沿平行于所述机架的轴线方向运动；
所述第二驱动机构与所述第二叶片连接，用于驱动所述第二叶片沿平行于所述机架的轴线方向运动。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的最大运动距离均为5cm-15cm；
并且，所述第一驱动机构被配置为能够使所述第一叶片在运动范围内任意位置处停留；
所述第二驱动机构被配置为能够使所述第二叶片在运动范围内任意位置处停留。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的长度方向均平行于所述放射治疗系统的机架的轴线方向；
所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的长度均为2.5cm-7.5cm；
所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的高度均为6cm-8cm。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的相对的前端均设置为弧形结构。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的前端的弧度大小与所在叶片的厚度大小呈反比；或者，
所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的前端的弧度大小与所在叶片距离所述放射治疗系统的等中心之间的间距呈正比；或者，
所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的前端的弧度大小与所在叶片的最大运动距离呈正比。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述治疗头还包括：位置监测机构，所述位置 监测机构被配置为用于监测所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的运动位置。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述预准直器包括：预准直器本体、以及开设于所述预准直器本体上的预准直孔；
所述预准直孔为四棱台状通孔，所述预准直孔贯穿所述预准直器本体的相对的第一表面和第二表面。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述预准直孔的第一截面和所述预准直孔的第二截面均为长条形孔；
所述预准直孔的第一截面的尺寸大于所述预准直孔的第二截面的尺寸；
其中，所述预准直孔的第一截面为所述预准直孔在所述预准直器本体的第一表面上的截面；
所述预准直孔的第二截面为所述预准直孔在所述预准直器本体的第二表面上的截面。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述预准直孔投影在放射治疗系统的等中心处的射野的形状为长条形；
所述射野的短边长度为5-15cm；
所述射野的长边长度为30-50cm；
其中，所述射野的短边方向沿所述放射治疗系统的机架的轴向。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述预准直孔的短边尺寸可调。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述预准直器本体包括：具有通孔的基体、第一固定块、第二固定块、第一滑块、第二滑块；
所述第一固定块和所述第二固定块固定于所述通孔相对的第一侧部，以配合构成所述预准直孔的两个短边；
所述第一滑块和所述第二滑块位于所述通孔相对的第二侧部，以配合构成所述预准直孔的两个长边，并且，所述第一滑块与所述第二滑块之间的间距可调。
另一方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种放射治疗设备，该放射治疗设备包括上述的任一种治疗头。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案的有益效果至少包括：
本申请实施例通过使第一叶片和第二叶片均沿平行于放射治疗系统的机架的轴线方向运动(将机架的轴向方向定义为Y方向)，这样，不论治疗头随着机 架转动至任意位置处时，第一叶片和第二叶片的开合方向始终平行于机架的轴线方向，有效避免了叶片在开合时受到重力的影响，提高多叶准直器对射线束适形的准确度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一示例性治疗头的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一示例性多叶准直器的结构示意图，其中，图2是多叶准直器的俯视图，图2中的叶片截面是叶片厚T方向上的截面；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一示例性叶片的结构示意图，其中，图3是从多叶准直器的侧视图方向获得的叶片结构；
图4为另一示例性多叶准直器的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种预准直器的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的预准直器的俯视图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的预准直器的侧视图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的另一种预准直器的结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的再一种预准直器的结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的固定块与滑块之间的连接关系示意图。
附图标记分别表示：
100-治疗头，200-机架，300-治疗床，
101-辐射源，102-预准直器，103-多叶准直器，
11-第一叶片，
12-第二叶片，
21-第一驱动机构，
22-第二驱动机构，
23-第三驱动机构，
201-第一传动件，
202-第一驱动件，
203-第二传动件，
204-第二驱动件，
3-位置监测机构，31-弹性件，32-测力传感器，
41-预准直器本体，
411-基体，
412-第一固定块，413-第二固定块，
414-导向槽，
415-第一滑块，416-第二滑块，
42-预准直孔，421-第一截面，422-第二截面，
5-固定件。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
放射治疗系统是一种常见的肿瘤治疗设备，放射治疗系统包括治疗床、机架和治疗头，治疗床能够沿着机架的轴线方向移动，治疗头承载于机架上，治疗头又包括：辐射源、预准直器和多叶准直器，预准直器和多叶准直器依次设置于辐射源发出射线束的路径上。辐射源发出的射线束首先通过预准直器上的预准直孔来进行初步适形，然后再通过多叶准直器上的终准直孔进行最终适形，以限定射线束的辐射范围，从而使最终的照射野与患者的肿瘤形状适配。
相关技术中，治疗头能够沿其自身轴线自转，并且，治疗头包括：辐射源、预准直器和多叶准直器，辐射源发出的射线束首先通过预准直器上的预准直孔来进行初步适形，然后再通过多叶准直器上的终准直孔进行最终适形，以限定射线束的辐射范围，从而使最终的照射野与患者的肿瘤形状适配。其中，多叶准直器包括多组可以沿机架径向方向开合的叶片。然而，当多叶准直器旋转至机架的侧部时，多叶准直器的叶片开合方向沿其重力方向，重力会对叶片的移动造成不利影响。
需要说明的是，需要说明的是，放射治疗系统的等中心指的是准直体的旋转轴(可以认为是照射野的中心)与机架的旋转轴的相交点。准直体指的是由预准直器和多叶准直器构成的整体。
射野指的是由准直体所确定的射线束的边界且垂直于射线束中心轴的射线 束平面。
机架的轴向指的是沿机架的中心轴的轴线方向，机架能够进行绕其中心轴的旋转运动，以带动其上的治疗头进行同步的旋转运动。机架的中心轴与治疗床的中心轴是平行的。
本申请实施例提供了一种治疗头100，能够用于放射治疗系统，如附图1所示，该治疗头100包括：辐射源101、预准直器102和多叶准直器103；其中，预准直器102以及多叶准直器103依次设置于辐射源101发出射线束的路径上，预准直器102被配置为对辐射源101发出的射线束进行初步适形，多叶准直器103被配置为对初步适形的射线束进行最终适形。
如附图2所示，多叶准直器103包括：多个并排设置的叶片组；每一叶片组包括：相对设置的第一叶片11和第二叶片12；
第一叶片11和第二叶片12均沿平行于放射治疗系统的机架200的轴线方向运动。
本申请实施例通过使第一叶片11和第二叶片12均沿平行于放射治疗系统的机架200的轴线方向运动(机架200的轴线方向即是中心轴所在直线的方向，机架200绕其中心轴能够进行旋转，本申请实施例将机架200的轴线方向定义为Y方向)，这样，不论治疗头100随着机架200转动至任意位置处时，第一叶片11和第二叶片12的开合方向始终平行于机架200的轴线方向，有效避免了叶片在开合时受到重力的影响，提高多叶准直器103对射线束适形的准确度。
为了优化该效果，使该治疗头100被配置为不能绕自身的轴线自转，也就是说，治疗头100与机架200始终保持相对固定关系，治疗头100不能沿着机架200作旋转运动，而仅能随着机架200作旋转运动。
需要说明的是，治疗头100中，辐射源101、预准直器102和多叶准直器103均固定设置，以使预准直器102以及多叶准直器103依次设置于辐射源101发出射线束的路径上。由于治疗头100不能自转，相应的预准直器102以及多叶准直器103均无法作相应的旋转运动。
在一些可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例提供的治疗头100，如附图1所示，该多叶准直器103还包括：
与第一叶片11一一对应的多个第一驱动机构21、以及与第二叶片12一一对应的多个第二驱动机构22；
第一驱动机构21与第一叶片11连接，用于驱动第一叶片11沿平行于机架 200的轴线方向运动；
第二驱动机构22与第二叶片12连接，用于驱动第二叶片12沿平行于机架200的轴线方向运动。
通过上述设置，使得多叶准直器103中每一个叶片均对应由一个驱动机构进行独立地驱动，这样，通过分别驱动特定的第一叶片11和/或第二叶片12进行适形，利于提高适形精度，达到调强治疗的目的。
当预准直器102所形成的射野变小时，多叶准直器103的叶片开合时的移动距离也会相应缩小，使得第一叶片11和第二叶片12的最大移动距离相对于现有技术也得以减小。本申请实施例中，第一叶片11和第二叶片12的最大运动距离均为5cm-15cm，例如为8cm或者10cm。
举例来说，当射野在放射治疗系统的机架200的轴向方向上的尺寸为8cm时，第一叶片11和第二叶片12的最大移动距离为8cm；当射野在放射治疗系统的机架200的轴向方向上的尺寸为10cm时，第一叶片11和第二叶片12的最大移动距离为10cm。相比于现有技术(叶片运动最大距离一般大于15cm，加小车运动可以在等中心形成40*40cm射野)，本申请实施例中，叶片的行程变短，从而使叶片长度得以缩短。
本申请实施例中，第一驱动机构21被配置为能够使第一叶片11在运动范围内任意位置处停留；第二驱动机构22被配置为能够使第二叶片12在运动范围内任意位置处停留。
如此设置，能够使得每一个叶片均能够移动至叶片可运动范围内的任意一点处，利于提高多叶准直器103的适形精度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，如附图2所示，第一驱动机构21和第二驱动机构22均包括：第一传动件201和第一驱动件202；第一传动件201与第一叶片11或者第二叶片12的后端连接；第一驱动件202与第一传动件201连接。
也就是说，每一第一叶片11的后端均连接有一个第一传动件201，每一第二叶片12的后端均连接有一个第一传动件201。其中，叶片的后端指的是与叶片的前端相对的端部，而第一叶片11和第二叶片12的前端指的是两者相对的端部，第一叶片11的前端和第二叶片12的前端之间形成用于射线适形区域。
利用第一驱动机构21和第二驱动机构22分别对第一叶片11和第二叶片12的运动进行控制，使得第一叶片11和第二叶片12在运动至设定位置处后，能够自动地固定于该设定位置处。
示例地，第一传动件201的传动方式为螺旋传动或者齿轮齿条传动，以下分别进行示例性说明：
(1)当第一传动件201的传动方式为螺旋传动时，如附图2所示，第一传动件201为丝杆，第一驱动件202为直线电机(例如，微型直线电机)，丝杆的第一端与第一叶片11(或者，第二叶片12)的尾端连接，丝杆的第二端与直线电机连接。
直线电机能够驱动丝杆作直线往复运动，进而带动第一叶片11(或者，第二叶片12)作相应的直线运动，达到使第一叶片11(或者，第二叶片12)沿机架200的轴线方向上作直线往复运动的目的。
其中，丝杆的第二端可以通过带内螺纹的转子与直线电机连接，丝杆的第一端与第一叶片11(或者，第二叶片12)的尾端固定连接，这样，直线电机的输出轴的旋转运动能够转化为丝杆沿转子的直线运动，进而带动第一叶片11(或者，第二叶片12)直线运动。
或者，丝杆可以直接作为直线电机的输出轴，同时使丝杆与第一叶片11(或者，第二叶片12)的尾端螺纹连接，这样，丝杆的转动能够直接转化为第一叶片11(或者，第二叶片12)的直线运动。
基于上述可知，当第一叶片11和第二叶片12的最大移动距离相对于现有技术提供的叶片的最大移动距离减小时，对应于每个叶片的丝杆的长度也相应缩短，这不仅利于降低多叶准直器103的生产难度，还能增加其稳定性，降低故障率。此外，本申请实施例提供的多叶准直器103不需要小车等器件来增加叶片的行程，从而进一步降低了放射治疗系统的复杂度。
(2)当第一传动件201的传动方式为齿轮齿条传动时，第一传动件201包括：彼此啮合的齿轮和齿条，第一驱动件202为微型电机。其中，齿条与第一叶片11(或者，第二叶片12)固定连接，齿轮与微型电机同轴连接。
微型电机启动时，能够带动齿轮转动，进而带动与其啮合的齿条作直线运动，实现运动的齿条进而带动第一叶片11(或者，第二叶片12)作直线运动。
由于电机的驱动速度是可变的，这样能够使得第一叶片11(或者，第二叶片12)的运动速度、运动位置得到精确控制，进而能够获得精确的射线强度调制效果。
本公开实施例中，第一驱动机构21和第二驱动机构22的第一驱动件202，例如电机，与控制器(例如PLC控制器或者计算机)连接，控制器同时又可以 与上位机连接，操作人员通过操作上位机，能够向控制器发送叶片移动距离调节指令，控制器在接收到该指令后驱动电机来控制叶片运动。
在一些可能的实现方式中，多叶准直器103还包括：第一驱动件安装板，该第一驱动件安装板上具有多个安装位，以用于分别与多个第一驱动件固定连接，以使多个第一驱动件位置固定。
进一步地，多叶准直器103还可以包括：导轨箱，该导轨箱用于承载所有的叶片，以使叶片运动时能够沿着导轨箱进行稳定地运动。
在利用包含有本申请实施例提供的多叶准直器103的放射治疗系统进行肿瘤治疗时，操作人员可以在治疗之前通过上位机发送调整叶片移动距离的指令。或者，操作人员还可以在治疗过程中，实时发送调整叶片移动距离的指令。
在治疗的过程中，还可以实时调整电机的驱动速度，以精确地控制第一叶片11和第二叶片12的运动速度、运动位置，进而实现在治疗过程中的剂量调强。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一叶片11和第二叶片12的长度方向均平行于放射治疗系统的机架200的轴线方向；
如附图3所示，第一叶片11和第二叶片12的长度L均为2.5cm-7.5cm；
第一叶片11和第二叶片12的高度H均为6cm-8cm。
使第一叶片11和第二叶片12的长度方向平行于放射治疗系统的机架200的轴向方向(将机架200的轴向方向定义为Y方向)。这样，第一叶片11和第二叶片12开合运动时，能够始终沿着放射治疗系统的机架200的轴向方向运动，能够避免多叶准直器103在开合时受到重力的影响，提高多叶准直器103对射线束适形的准确度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一叶片11和第二叶片12的长度L均为2.5cm-7.5cm，例如为3cm、4cm、5cm、6cm、7cm等。其中，叶片的长度L指的是其长度方向上最长的尺寸，上述叶片长度使得叶片的尺寸得以减小，最终使得多叶准直器103的叶片小型化。
本申请实施例中，叶片长度相比现有技术叶片长度(150mm)显著减小，进而减小了叶片的大小和重量，降低了加工难度和造价。叶片重量的变轻，降低了摩擦和运动阻力，运动更加便于控制，可降低故障率，在同样的驱动能力下可以使叶片运动更快，进而显著提高治疗质量。
当然，叶片尺寸在一定程度上由预准直器102在等中心处形成的射野尺寸 所决定，即，叶片尺寸的减小依赖于预准直器102所形成的射野的最大尺寸的减小。举例来说，预准直器102的预准直孔42投影在放射治疗系统的等中心处的射野为矩形时，其包括长边和短边，当射野的短边长度为8cm时，第一叶片11和第二叶片12的长度可以均设置为4cm；当射野的短边长度为10cm时，第一叶片1111和第二叶片1212的长度可以均设置为5cm。
第一叶片11和第二叶片12的高度H均为6cm-8cm，例如为6cm、6.5cm、7cm、7.5cm等。其中，叶片的高度方向沿射线束的发射方向，在该高度范围内，叶片不仅能够提供较好的射线适形效果，同时还使得叶片小型化。
本申请实施例涉及的多个叶片组中，第一叶片11和第二叶片12的厚度T均由两侧向中间逐渐减小。也就是说，在叶片组中，越靠近中间的叶片，其厚度越薄，越靠近两侧的叶片，其厚度越厚，如此设置，利于提高治疗区域调强的精确度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一叶片11和第二叶片12的相对的前端均设置为弧形结构，例如为圆弧形，进一步例如为半圆弧形。对于同一叶片组中的第一叶片11和第二叶片12，两者前端的弧度可以相同，也可以不同，示例地，使第一叶片11的前端的弧度与第二叶片12的前端的弧度相同。
本申请实施例中，所涉及的第一叶片11和第二叶片12均包括：矩形本体、以及位于矩形本体前端的弧形前端。第一叶片11和第二叶片12的弧形前端的弧形方向均沿着叶片的高度方向，而叶片的高度方向指的是沿着射线束的发射方向的方向，也就是垂直地穿过图2所示截图的方向。
本申请实施例提供的多叶准直器103，通过使第一叶片11和第二叶片12相对的前端均设置为弧形结构，相比叶片的前端设置为平直的线形，第一叶片11和第二叶片12的前端设置为弧形，能够减少射线束穿过多叶准直器103时形成的半影，利于提高治疗精确度。
为了进一步优化上述的减少半影的效果，第一叶片11和第二叶片12的前端的弧度大小与所在叶片的厚度大小呈反比，即，叶片的厚度T越厚，叶片前端的弧度越小；叶片的厚度T越薄，叶片前端的弧度越大。
第一叶片11和第二叶片12的前端的弧度大小与所在叶片距离放射治疗系统的等中心之间的间距呈正比，即，叶片距离等中心的间距越大，叶片前端的弧度越大；叶片距离等中心的间距越小，叶片前端的弧度越小。
第一叶片11和第二叶片12的前端的弧度大小与所在叶片的最大运动距离 呈正比，即，叶片能够移动的最大移动距离越大，叶片前端的弧度越大，叶片能够移动的最大移动距离越小，叶片前端的弧度越小。
在一些可能的实现方式中，如附图4所示，本申请实施例提供的治疗头100还包括：位置监测机构3，位置监测机构3被配置为用于监测第一叶片11和第二叶片12的运动位置。利用位置监测机构3，来对叶片运动位移进行精确监测，进一步提高多叶准直器103对射线束的适形精度，实现精确放疗。针对每一个叶片，均对应设置有一个位置监测机构3。
作为一种示例，如附图4所示，该位置监测机构3包括：测力传感器32和弹性件31，测力传感器32固定设置，弹性件31的一端与测力传感器32固定连接，弹性件31的另一端与第一叶片11(第二叶片12)的后端。
测力传感器32能够测量弹性件31所受的力的大小，当第一叶片11(第二叶片12)进行移动时，弹性件31的拉伸程度发生变化，进而测力传感器32检测到的力的变化，根据检测到的力，确定第一叶片11(第二叶片12)的运动位置。
进一步地，该位置监测机构3还包括处理器，该处理器与测力传感器32电性连接，用于根据测力传感器32测量得到的力的数据，来确定第一叶片11(第二叶片12)的运动位置。
举例来说，测力传感器32可以固定于多叶准直器103的驱动件安装板或者导轨箱上等。
为了方便测量，当弹性件31位于第一叶片11(第二叶片12)的后端和测力传感器32之间时，使叶片在初始位置时，弹性件31正好处于自然伸长状态，这样，叶片在运动时，只需要测量到弹性件31受拉的拉力，叶片再回到初始位置时，理论上所受拉力就是零，这样测量更加方便。
示例地，弹性件31可以是弹簧，弹簧的胡可系数在正常使用的范围内是固定的，可以保证测量数据的准确性。当然弹性件31还可以包括：乳胶筋、管、绳，或橡胶筋、管、绳等，或其他具有良好弹性，胡可系数固定的部件。
作为另一种示例，该位置监测机构3为激光测距仪，该激光测距仪包括：空间波发射器、空间波接收器和处理器，其中，空间波发射器可发射出直线传播的空间波，空间波发射器发出的空间波照射在第一叶片11(第二叶片12)的后端面上；空间波接收器设置在经第一叶片11(第二叶片12)的后端面反射的反射空间波的光路上，接收经第一叶片11(第二叶片12)的后端面反射的反射 空间波；处理器与空间波发射器和空间波接收器连接，并根据空间波发射器发出的空间波以及空间波接收器接收的空间波确定对应叶片的位置。
示例地，空间波发射器和/或空间波接收器安装于所述多叶准直器103的驱动件安装板或者导轨箱上等。示例地，空间波为激光、红外线、超短波或超声波等。
在一些可能的实现方式中，如附图5-附图7所示，预准直器102包括：预准直器本体41、以及开设于预准直器本体41上的预准直孔42；
预准直孔42为四棱台状通孔，预准直孔42贯穿预准直器本体41的相对的第一表面和第二表面。
预准直器本体41的形状包括但不限于：圆形块体、矩形块体、五边形块体、或者其他几何形状的块体，只要其满足能够被恰当地安装于放射治疗系统的治疗头中即可。
四棱台状通孔的结构如附图5所示，其具有两两相对的两组倾斜内侧面，使得预准直孔42在预准直器本体41的第一表面上的第一截面与预准直孔42在预准直器本体41的第二表面上的第二截面的尺寸不同。
预准直孔42的倾斜的内侧面的倾斜角度可以相同，也可以不同，只要满足预准直孔42的第一截面和第二截面的尺寸不同即可，例如，可以使预准直孔42的四个内侧面的倾斜角度均相同。此外，对于预准直孔42的任意截面，可以为长方形，也可以为正方形。
预准直器本体41的第一表面和第二表面指的是预准直器本体41的面向辐射源以及面向多叶准直器的表面，其中，根据预准直孔42在预准直器本体1的第一表面和第二表面处的截面尺寸，来确定第一表面和第二表面的朝向。使预准直孔42的截面尺寸较小的一端所在的表面面向辐射源，使预准直孔42的截面尺寸较大的一端所在的表面面向多叶准直器。
由辐射源101发出的射线束经四棱台状通孔结构的预准直孔42后会进行发散，使得由预准直孔42发射出来的射线束具有较大的射野面积，确保射线束能够完全覆盖终准直孔，同时，还利于减小预准直器102的体积。
在一些可能的实现方式中，预准直孔42的第一截面421和预准直孔42的第二截面422均为长条形孔；
预准直孔42的第一截面421的尺寸大于预准直孔42的第二截面422的尺寸；
其中，预准直孔42的第一截面421为预准直孔42在预准直器本体41的第一表面上的截面；
预准直孔42的第二截面422为预准直孔42在预准直器本体41的第二表面上的截面。
应用时，使预准直器102的第一表面面向多叶准直器103，使预准直器102的第二表面面向辐射源101。
预准直孔42的第一截面和第二截面可以是长方形，也可以是正方形，基于上述可知，如附图6所示，预准直孔42的第一截面和第二截面均为长条形孔(即长方形)，长条形孔具有长度不同的长边和短边，即，预准直孔42具有长边和短边。通过按照上述方式设置预准直孔42的结构，辐射源101发出的射线束经过预准直孔42后能够在等中心位置处形成矩形射野。
当本申请实施例提供的预准直器102用于放射治疗系统中时，使预准直孔42的短边所在方向沿放射治疗系统的机架200的轴向。
截面形状为长条形孔的预准直孔42投影在放射治疗系统的等中心处的射野的形状相应为矩形，其包括长边和短边，并且，射野的短边方向沿放射治疗系统的机架200的轴向。
在一些可能的实现方式中，使射野的短边长度为5cm-15cm，例如为5cm、6cm、7cm、8cm、9cm、10cm、11cm、12cm、13cm、14cm、15cm等；使射野的长边长度为30cm-50cm，例如为30cm、35cm、40cm、45cm、50cm等。
举例来说，预准直孔42投影在放射治疗系统的等中心处的射野的尺寸如下所示：射野的短边长度为8cm或者为10cm，射野的长边长度为40cm。
根据射野的尺寸，能够相应地获得预准直孔42在距离等中心任意距离处时的尺寸大小，进而能够获得预准直孔42的第一截面421的尺寸和预准直孔42的第二截面422的尺寸。本申请实施例提供的上述射野尺寸，使得预准直孔42的尺寸也相应较小，利于减小预准直器102的尺寸和体积，进一步地利于简化治疗头100的体积和结构。
在一些可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例提供的预准直器102的预准直孔42的尺寸可调，这包括但不限于：使预准直孔422的长边尺寸可调，或者，使预准直孔42的短边尺寸可调，或者，使预准直孔42的长边尺寸和短边尺寸均可调。
预准直孔42的尺寸可变，能够获得不同的射线束初步适形效果，适用于不 同大小的病灶区域，提高预准直器102的适应性。进一步地，在预准直孔42的尺寸变化至为0时，也就是说，使预准直孔42闭合时，还可以进行关源或者进行不需要射线照射的调强治疗。
在一些可能的实现方式中，使预准直孔42的短边尺寸可调，这样，在预准直器102应用状态下，预准直孔42沿放射治疗系统的机架200轴向方向上的尺寸可调，以适用于不同尺寸大小的病灶区域。
需要说明的是，预准直孔42的短边尺寸可调，指的是，在预准直孔42的整个深度方向上，预准直孔42的任意截面的短边尺寸均可调。
对于如何实现预准直孔42的短边尺寸可调，本申请实施例给出以下示例性描述：
在一些可能的实现方式中，如附图8或者附图9所示，预准直器本体41包括：具有通孔的基体411、第一固定块412、第二固定块413、第一滑块415、第二滑块416；
第一固定块412和第二固定块413固定于通孔相对的第一侧部，以配合构成预准直孔42的两个短边；
第一滑块415和第二滑块416位于通孔相对的第二侧部，以配合构成预准直孔42的两个长边，并且，第一滑块415与第二滑块416之间的间距可调。
其中，基体411、第一固定块412、第二固定块413、第一滑块415、第二滑块416的材质均选自射线屏蔽材料，例如为钨、铅、或者钨合金等。并且，基体411的形状包括但不限于：圆形块体、矩形块体、五边形块体、或者其他几何形状的块体，只要其满足能够被恰当地安装于放射治疗系统的治疗头100中即可。
通过使第一滑块415和第二滑块416进行运动，能够调节两者之间的间距，进而达到使预准直孔42的短边尺寸可调的目的。
举例来说，可以使第一滑块415和第二滑块416按照下述方式的进行运动，进而达到调节两者之间间距的目的：第一滑块415和第二滑块416通过滑动导轨传动的方式进行运动、第一滑块415和第二滑块416通过齿条齿轮传动的方式进行运动、第一滑块415和第二滑块416通过丝杆螺母传动的方式进行运动等。以下分别就这几种方式进行示例性说明：
作为一种示例，第一固定块412和第二固定块413、以及第一滑块415和第 二滑块416可以分别位于基体411的通孔的顶部两侧，这样，由各固定块和各滑块构成的预准直孔42实际上位于基体411的通孔的上方。在该实现方式中，使通孔的尺寸大于预准直孔42所能够调节到的最大尺寸，以确保获得期望的射野。
作为另一种示例，第一固定块412和第二固定块413、以及第一滑块415和第二滑块416可以分别位于基体411的通孔的内部两侧，这样，由各固定块和各滑块构成的预准直孔42实际上与基体411的通孔为一体。
在该实现方式中，根据固定块和滑块的尺寸、以及需要的射野尺寸来适应性地确定通孔的尺寸即可。
其中，基体411的通孔的相对的第二侧部上设置有滑槽(该滑槽相当于下述的导向槽414)，以分别用于容纳第一滑块415和第二滑块416的尾部，并能够使第一滑块415和第二滑块416的尾部沿着该滑槽移动，第一滑块415和第二滑块416的前部相对，以用于构成射线束适形区域。第一固定块412和第二固定块413相对的侧部的结构与第一滑块415的侧部以及第二滑块416的侧部的结构相适配，例如，第一固定块412和第二固定块413相对的侧部与第一滑块415的侧部适配地面面接触，以使第一滑块415和第二滑块416沿着固定块的侧部表面进行运动。或者，如附图6所示，使第一固定块412和第二固定块413相对的表面上均设置有导向槽1201，使第一滑块415相对的两侧和第二滑块416相对的两侧分别嵌入相应的导向槽1201内，以使第一滑块415和第二滑块416均沿导向槽1201进行运动。
对于上述两种示例，可以使第一滑块415和第二滑块416中的一个进行固定，另一个进行运动，例如，使第二滑块416固定，使第一滑块415沿远离或者靠近第二滑块416的方向运动运动；或者，还可以使第一滑块415和第二滑块416都能够进行运动，两者可以相向运动或者背向运动等。
为了使第一滑块415和第二滑块416的运动更加稳定和顺畅，本申请实施例中，如附图10所示，使第一固定块412和第二固定块413相对的表面上均设置有导向槽414，使第一滑块415相对的两侧和第二滑块416相对的两侧分别嵌入相应的导向槽414内，以使第一滑块415和第二滑块416均沿导向槽414进行运动。
示例地，导向槽414的截面形状包括但不限于：矩形、梯形、圆弧形等，相应地，第一滑块415和第二滑块416相对的两侧也设置成矩形、梯形或者圆 弧形等。
固定块上的导向槽414不仅能够为滑块的运动提供导向作用，还能够对滑块提供一定的限位作用，利于提高滑块运动时的稳定性。
第一滑块415和第二滑块416沿着导向槽414运动至设定位置处后，需要将第一滑块415和第二滑块416进行固定，对于滑块的固定方式，包括但不限于以下：
在一些可能的实现方式中，对滑块进行手动固定，在该实现方式中，如附图4所示，本申请实施例提供的预准直器102还包括：固定件5，固定件5被配置为能够对运动状态下的第一滑块415和第二滑块416进行固定。
当第一滑块415和第二滑块416运动至设定位置处时，利用固定件5来对第一滑块415和第二滑块416进行固定，使第一滑块415和第二滑块416固定于该设定位置处。以下将使用固定件5对第一滑块415进行固定为例，来示例性说明固定件5的结构(固定件5对第二滑块416的固定原理与其对第一滑块415的固定原理相同，在此不再一一赘述)：
作为一种示例，该固定件5包括：压板、第一固定螺栓，其中，压板的一端与第一固定块412和/或第二固定块413的顶部可转动连接，压板的另一端开设有第一螺栓孔，第一滑块415的顶壁上开设有第一螺栓槽，其中，第一螺栓槽呈长条形，第一螺栓槽的长度沿第一滑块415的运动方向延伸。第一螺栓槽与第一螺栓孔连通。
第一滑块415运动至设定位置处后，第一固定螺栓能够穿过第一螺栓孔进入第一螺栓槽的第一位置内，并且同时与第一螺栓孔螺纹连接，从而使压板压紧第一滑块415，使得第一滑块415压紧于基体411的顶部，达到对第一滑块415进行固定的目的。当需要调整第一滑块415的位置时，拆卸第一固定螺栓，转动压板，使其不再压紧第一滑块415，移动第一滑块415至期望位置处以后，反向转动压板使其上的第一螺栓孔与第一滑块415上的第一螺栓槽的第二位置连通，使得第一固定螺栓能够穿过第一螺栓孔进入第一螺栓槽的第二位置内，并且同时与第一螺栓孔螺纹连接，达到压紧第一滑块415的目的。
并且同时与第一螺栓孔螺纹连接，从而使压板压紧第一滑块415，达到对第一滑块415进行固定的目的。
作为另一种示例，该固定件5包括：第二固定螺栓，第一滑块415的侧壁上开设有并排设置的多个第二螺栓槽，多个第二螺栓槽沿着第一滑块415的运 动方向依次布置，第一固定块412或第二固定块413的侧壁上开设有第二螺栓孔，第二螺栓孔呈长条形，并且第二螺栓孔的长度沿着第一滑块415的运动方向延伸。第二螺栓孔与第二螺栓槽连通，并且，两者能够同时与第二固定螺栓螺纹连接。
第一滑块415运动至设定位置处后，第二固定螺栓能够穿过第二螺栓孔进入第二螺栓槽内，并且同时与两者螺纹连接，达到对第一滑块415进行固定的目的。
在一些可能的实现方式中，如附图9所示，第一滑块415和第二滑块416均通过第三驱动机构23的驱动进行运动；其中，第三驱动机构23包括：分别与第一滑块415和第二滑块416连接的第二传动件203；与第二传动件203连接的第二驱动件204。
第一滑块415和第二滑块416分别对应有一个第三驱动机构23，利用两个第三驱动机构23对分别对第一滑块415和第二滑块416进行单独地控制。本申请实施例中，利用第三驱动机构23，能够对第一滑块415和第二滑块416的运动过程进行自动控制，使得第一滑块415和第二滑块416在运动至设定位置处后，能够自动地固定于该设定位置处。
示例地，第二传动件203的传动方式为螺旋传动或者齿轮齿条传动，以下分别进行示例性说明：
(1)如附图9所示，当第二传动件203的传动方式为螺旋传动时，第二传动件203为丝杆，第二驱动件204为直线电机(微型直线电机)，丝杆的第一端与第一滑块415的尾端连接(第一滑块415的尾端为第一滑块415的远离第二滑块416的端部)，丝杆的第二端与直线电机连接。
直线电机能够驱动丝杆作直线往复运动，进而带动第一滑块415作相应的直线运动，达到使第一滑块415沿机架200的中心轴线方向上作直线往复运动的目的。
其中，丝杆的第二端可以通过带内螺纹的转子与直线电机连接，丝杆的第一端与第一滑块415的尾端固定连接，这样，直线电机的输出轴的旋转运动能够转化为丝杆沿转子的直线运动，进而带动第一滑块415直线运动。
或者，丝杆可以直接作为直线电机的输出轴，同时使丝杆与第一滑块415的尾端螺纹连接，这样，丝杆的转动能够直接转化为第一滑块415的直线运动。
(2)当第二传动件203的传动方式为齿轮齿条传动时，第二传动件203包 括：彼此啮合的齿轮和齿条，第二驱动件204为微型电机。其中，齿条与第一滑块415固定连接，齿轮与微型电机同轴连接。
微型电机启动时，能够带动齿轮转动，进而带动与其啮合的齿条作直线运动，实现运动的齿条进而带动第一滑块415作直线运动。
由于电机的驱动速度是可变的，这样能够使得第一滑块415和第二滑块416的运动速度、运动位置得到精确控制，进而能够获得精确的射线强度调制效果。
本公开实施例中，第三驱动机构23的电机与控制器(例如PLC控制器)连接，控制器同时又可以与上位机连接，操作人员通过操作上位机，能够向控制器发送预准直孔42短边长度调节指令，控制器在接收到该指令后驱动电机来控制滑块运动，进而达到获取特定尺寸的预准直孔42的目的。
在利用包含有本申请实施例提供的预准直器102的放射治疗系统进行肿瘤治疗时，操作人员可以在治疗之前通过上位机发送调整预准直孔42尺寸的指令，将预准直孔42的宽度调整至设定的宽度值。或者，操作人员还可以在治疗过程中，实时发送调整预准直孔42尺寸的指令。
在治疗的过程中，还可以实时调整电机的驱动速度，以精确地控制第一滑块415和第二滑块416的运动速度、运动位置。
以下就放射治疗系统中所包含的其他部件分别进行简述：对于治疗床300，其可以设置于地面上，用于支撑患者，治疗床300被配置为能够移动，以改变患者的位置。
对于机架200，其可以包括：固定机架和旋转机架，其中，固定机架固定设置于地面上，旋转机架与固定机架可转动连接，同时，旋转机架还与治疗头100固定连接，旋转机架能够带动治疗头100绕旋转机架的中心轴旋转，这样治疗头100能够随着旋转机架进行转动，同时治疗头100还不会发生自转。
本申请实施例中，旋转机架的结构包括但不限于：环形结构、C形结构、头盔形结构等。
在本申请实施例中，术语“第一”和“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。术语“多个”指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。
以上所述仅是为了便于本领域的技术人员理解本申请的技术方案，并不用以限制本申请。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种治疗头，其特征在于，所述治疗头包括：辐射源、预准直器和多叶准直器；
    所述预准直器以及所述多叶准直器依次设置于所述辐射源发出射线束的路径上，所述预准直器被配置为对所述辐射源发出的射线束进行初步适形，所述多叶准直器被配置为对初步适形的射线束进行最终适形；
    所述多叶准直器包括：多个并排设置的叶片组；每一叶片组包括：相对设置的第一叶片和第二叶片；
    所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片均沿平行于放射治疗系统的机架的轴线方向运动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的治疗头，其特征在于，所述治疗头被配置为不能绕自身的轴线自转。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的治疗头，其特征在于，所述多叶准直器还包括：
    与所述第一叶片一一对应的多个第一驱动机构、以及与所述第二叶片一一对应的多个第二驱动机构；
    所述第一驱动机构与所述第一叶片连接，用于驱动所述第一叶片沿平行于所述机架的轴线方向运动；
    所述第二驱动机构与所述第二叶片连接，用于驱动所述第二叶片沿平行于所述机架的轴线方向运动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的治疗头，其特征在于，所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的最大运动距离均为5cm-15cm；
    并且，所述第一驱动机构被配置为能够使所述第一叶片在运动范围内任意位置处停留；
    所述第二驱动机构被配置为能够使所述第二叶片在运动范围内任意位置处停留。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的治疗头，其特征在于，所述第一叶片和所述第二 叶片的长度方向均平行于所述放射治疗系统的机架的轴线方向；
    所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的长度均为2.5cm-7.5cm；
    所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的高度均为6cm-8cm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的治疗头，其特征在于，所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的相对的前端均设置为弧形结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的多叶准直器，其特征在于，所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的前端的弧度大小与所在叶片的厚度大小呈反比；或者，
    所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的前端的弧度大小与所在叶片距离所述放射治疗系统的等中心之间的间距呈正比；或者，
    所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的前端的弧度大小与所在叶片的最大运动距离呈正比。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的治疗头，其特征在于，所述治疗头还包括：位置监测机构，所述位置监测机构被配置为用于监测所述第一叶片和所述第二叶片的运动位置。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的治疗头，其特征在于，所述预准直器包括：预准直器本体、以及开设于所述预准直器本体上的预准直孔；
    所述预准直孔为四棱台状通孔，所述预准直孔贯穿所述预准直器本体的相对的第一表面和第二表面。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的治疗头，其特征在于，所述预准直孔的第一截面和所述预准直孔的第二截面均为长条形孔；
    所述预准直孔的第一截面的尺寸大于所述预准直孔的第二截面的尺寸；
    其中，所述预准直孔的第一截面为所述预准直孔在所述预准直器本体的第一表面上的截面；
    所述预准直孔的第二截面为所述预准直孔在所述预准直器本体的第二表面上的截面。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的治疗头，其特征在于，所述预准直孔投影在放射治疗系统的等中心处的射野的形状为长条形；
    所述射野的短边长度为5-15cm；
    所述射野的长边长度为30-50cm；
    其中，所述射野的短边方向沿所述放射治疗系统的机架的轴向。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的治疗头，其特征在于，所述预准直孔的短边尺寸可调。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的治疗头，其特征在于，所述预准直器本体包括：具有通孔的基体、第一固定块、第二固定块、第一滑块、第二滑块；
    所述第一固定块和所述第二固定块固定于所述通孔相对的第一侧部，以配合构成所述预准直孔的两个短边；
    所述第一滑块和所述第二滑块位于所述通孔相对的第二侧部，以配合构成所述预准直孔的两个长边，并且，所述第一滑块与所述第二滑块之间的间距可调。
  14. 一种放射治疗设备，其特征在于，所述放射治疗设备包括：权利要求1-13任一项所述的治疗头。
PCT/CN2021/076388 2021-02-09 2021-02-09 一种治疗头及放射治疗设备 WO2022170532A1 (zh)

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CN108379748A (zh) * 2018-04-09 2018-08-10 西安大医数码科技有限公司 放射治疗头及放射治疗装置
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