WO2022168249A1 - 制御装置および蓄電システム - Google Patents
制御装置および蓄電システム Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/02—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
- H02M1/143—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using compensating arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
- H02M3/1586—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
Definitions
- This application relates to control devices and power storage systems.
- a power storage device composed of a lithium-ion battery, a fuel cell, or a lead-acid battery is used over a predetermined voltage range or a predetermined current range
- the performance of the power storage device significantly decreases or the power storage device deteriorates. Sometimes. Therefore, the voltage and current of the power storage device are controlled.
- a ripple current may be generated when the semiconductor switching element is switched, and the ripple current may be applied to the power storage device. Since the impedance of the power storage device changes depending on the conditions such as temperature, voltage, SOC (State Of Charge), current, and ripple frequency, depending on the state of the power storage device, a large ripple current may be applied to the power storage device. sometimes There is a problem that when a large ripple current is applied to the power storage device, the power storage device may be used beyond a predetermined voltage or current range, resulting in deterioration in performance.
- the present application has been made to solve the above-described problems, and aims to provide a control device and a power storage system that suppress performance deterioration of the power storage device.
- a control device disclosed in the present application is a control device that controls a converter that converts at least one of a voltage that is input to a power storage device and a voltage that is output from the power storage device using a semiconductor switching element, and is related to the power storage device.
- a detection unit for detecting parameters an impedance calculation unit for obtaining the impedance of the power storage device from the output of the detection unit, and a ripple current calculation unit for obtaining the amplitude of the ripple current applied to the power storage device from the output of the detection unit.
- the converter is controlled based on the output of the calculator and the output of the ripple current calculator.
- the control device disclosed in the present application includes a detection unit that detects power storage device parameters related to the power storage device, an impedance calculation unit that obtains the impedance of the power storage device from the output of the detection unit, and a ripple applied to the power storage device from the output of the detection unit.
- a ripple current calculation unit that obtains the amplitude of the current is provided, and the converter is controlled based on the output of the impedance calculation unit and the output of the ripple current calculation unit.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a control device according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between temperature and resistance in a battery;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between SOC and resistance in a battery;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing voltage fluctuations when a DC voltage and ripple current are applied to a battery;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the value of DC current input or output from a battery and the resistance;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the value of DC current input or output in a fuel cell and the resistance;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the current value and the voltage value of direct current input or output in a fuel cell;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the current value and the voltage value of direct current input or output in a fuel cell;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the current value and the voltage value of direct current input or output in a fuel cell;
- FIG. 3 is an impedance Bode diagram showing the relationship between frequency and resistance in a lithium ion battery.
- 4 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the converter in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the power storage device in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is an impedance Nyquist diagram of one cell of the battery;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the voltage fluctuation at each temperature of the power storage device, the difference between the upper limit voltages, and the deterioration speed.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a control device according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an equivalent circuit of a converter according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing how ripple currents are combined in a converter of a comparative example
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing how ripple currents are combined in the converter of the second embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the DC current of the converter and the converter loss in Embodiment 2
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between ripple current applied to a power storage device and battery loss in Embodiment 2
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of hardware of a control device according to Embodiments 1 and 2;
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a control device 100 according to Embodiment 1.
- Power storage device 10 is composed of one or more batteries.
- the converter 20 converts the voltage output from the power storage device 10 to increase or decrease the voltage to supply power to the load 30, or converts the voltage input to the power storage device 10 to increase or decrease the voltage.
- the control device 100 includes a detector 1 , an impedance calculator 2 , a ripple current calculator 3 , a ripple fluctuation calculator 4 and a controller 5 .
- Detecting unit 1 detects power storage device parameters related to power storage device 10 , such as temperature, voltage value, SOC (State Of Charge) of power storage device 10 , current value of direct current input to power storage device 10 , power storage device 10 is a detector that detects at least one of the current value of the DC current output from the power storage device 10 and the frequency of the ripple current applied to the power storage device 10 .
- Impedance calculator 2 obtains the impedance of power storage device 10 from the output of detector 1 .
- Ripple current calculator 3 obtains the magnitude of the ripple current applied to power storage device 10 from the output of detector 1 .
- Ripple variation calculation unit 4 estimates the voltage variation of power storage device 10 based on the impedance of power storage device 10 and the value of the ripple current.
- the control unit 5 controls the converter 20 so that the value of the voltage fluctuation, which is the output of the ripple fluctuation calculation unit 4, does not exceed the prescribed voltage range of the power storage device 10 determined in advance.
- a power storage system includes the control device 100, the power storage device 10, and the converter 20.
- the type of battery that constitutes the power storage device 10 is not limited to a lithium ion secondary battery, but may be a fuel battery, a lead storage battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or the like. Further, as for the shape of power storage device 10, the technology described in Embodiment 1 can be applied to power storage devices having various shapes such as a stacked type, a winding type, and a button type. Power storage device 10 is not limited to single cells, and may be modules or packs in which a plurality of cells are connected in series or in parallel.
- the converter 20 may be a unidirectional converter, a converter with a bidirectional function, a DC/DC converter, an inverter that converts DC power from the power storage device 10 to AC power for the load 30, or the like.
- the power storage device 10 has defined upper and lower limits of voltage within a specified voltage range, and upper limit of current which is a specified current range. If the power storage device 10 is used beyond the specified specified voltage range or specified current range, performance degradation or deterioration occurs. there is a possibility. In a lithium-ion secondary battery, if it is used beyond the upper limit voltage, it will be overcharged, Li metal will be deposited on the negative electrode, and the internal electrolyte will form a film due to a side reaction, which will increase the resistance and further electrolysis. A decomposition reaction of the liquid generates gas, which expands the container and may reduce the contact between the electrodes. Furthermore, if the deposition of Li on the negative electrode proceeds, the deposited Li metal may cause an internal short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the current collector will corrode, or the water in the electrolyte will undergo an electrolysis reaction and the electrolyte will dry up, resulting in a decrease in conductivity.
- lead sulfate generated at the negative electrode may be deposited as sulfation, resulting in performance degradation or deterioration.
- the voltage is determined by the value of the current that is applied. If the current is too large, the supply of hydrogen gas and air cannot keep up with the voltage, resulting in a drop in voltage and further deterioration in performance.
- batteries in general are designed to measure and protect voltage, current, temperature, etc.
- ripple current is generated by switching semiconductor switching elements such as IGBTs or MOSFETs used as switching devices.
- the voltage of the battery fluctuates, possibly exceeding the upper limit voltage and increasing or exceeding the lower limit voltage and falling below.
- Ripple generated during switching of the semiconductor switching element may be ripple voltage, in which case the current flowing through the battery fluctuates.
- design measures such as increasing the capacity of the smoothing capacitor in the converter, designing an appropriate reactor layout, or changing the switching frequency of the semiconductor switching element in the converter control, for example, suppressing ripple current by increasing the switching frequency, or operating a converter in which reactors are multiplexed in a multiple reactor state.
- the semiconductor switching element inside the converter 20 is switched, but the switching operation may be performed according to a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal of pulse width modulation.
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- control device 100 In control device 100 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. At least one of the current value of the direct current and the frequency of the ripple current applied to power storage device 10 is detected, and impedance calculation unit 2 calculates the impedance of power storage device 10 based on the value detected by detection unit 1. to calculate Since changes in battery impedance are largely affected by temperature, detection unit 1 may detect at least the temperature of power storage device 10 .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between temperature and resistance in a battery. The lower the temperature, the higher the resistance of the battery, and the higher the temperature, the lower the resistance. Therefore, when the temperature of the battery is low, the impedance increases, and when a ripple current is applied to the battery, the voltage fluctuation also increases.
- the ripple current when the ripple current is applied to the battery at a normal temperature of 15 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees Celsius, even if the upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage of the battery are not exceeded, the voltage when the ripple current is applied at a low temperature Since the fluctuation of the voltage increases, the performance may be degraded or deteriorated beyond the upper limit voltage or lower limit voltage.
- the battery is used at a voltage exceeding the upper limit, especially at low temperatures, there is a high possibility that Li metal will be deposited on the negative electrode and the performance will be reduced or deteriorated.
- the impedance calculation unit 2 When the detection unit 1 detects the temperature of the power storage device 10, the impedance calculation unit 2 previously holds information indicating the relationship between the temperature and the resistance of the power storage device 10 as shown in FIG. Using such information indicating the relationship between temperature and resistance, the temperature value detected by detection unit 1 is converted into a resistance value, which is the impedance of power storage device 10 .
- the information as shown in FIG. 2 may be held as a map or table, or may be held in the form of formulas or functions.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between SOC and resistance in a battery.
- the lower the SOC or voltage the higher the resistance value. Therefore, when a current ripple is applied to the battery in a state where the SOC of the battery is low, the voltage of the battery fluctuates greatly, and there is a possibility that the battery will be used in the range below the lower limit voltage.
- a ripple current is applied to the battery while the SOC of the battery is high, fluctuations in the battery voltage may cause the battery to be used in a state exceeding the upper limit voltage, resulting in performance degradation or deterioration.
- the impedance calculation unit 2 When the detection unit 1 detects the SOC, the impedance calculation unit 2 previously holds information indicating the relationship between the SOC and the resistance of the power storage device 10 as shown in FIG.
- the SOC value detected by the detection unit 1 is converted into a resistance value, which is the impedance of the power storage device 10, using the information indicating the resistance relationship.
- the information as shown in FIG. 3 may be held as a map or table, or may be held in the form of formulas or functions.
- the lower diagram in FIG. 4 shows voltage fluctuations when a DC voltage of 3.9 V and a ripple current are applied to the battery
- the upper diagram in FIG. It shows the voltage variation when a current is applied. Ripple currents of the same amplitude are applied in the lower diagram of FIG. 4 and the upper diagram of FIG.
- Ripple currents of the same amplitude are applied in the lower diagram of FIG. 4 and the upper diagram of FIG.
- the upper limit voltage of the specified voltage range of the battery is 4.2 V
- a DC voltage of 4.1 V and a ripple current are applied to the battery as shown in the upper diagram of FIG.
- the lower diagram of FIG. 4 when a DC voltage of 3.9 V and a ripple current are applied to the battery, the upper limit voltage is not exceeded and no deterioration occurs.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the value of direct current input or output from a battery and the resistance.
- the resistance of the battery changes depending on the magnitude of the DC current that is input or output. This feature is greatly influenced by ion diffusion or concentration diffusion that occurs inside the battery due to charging or discharging. The smaller the DC current value or the average value of the current input or output to the battery, the greater the resistance. The lower voltage limit may be exceeded.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the value of DC current input or output in the fuel cell and the resistance.
- Fuel cells have a large resistance when the current value is small, and the resistance decreases as the current value increases.
- the current value exceeds a certain value the gas supply inside the fuel cell becomes insufficient, resulting in a shortage of gas and increasing the resistance. .
- the voltage fluctuation at the time of ripple application may become large, and may exceed the upper limit voltage or lower limit voltage of the specified voltage range of the battery.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the current value and the voltage value of direct current input or output in the fuel cell. The voltage of the fuel cell increases when the current value is small.
- impedance calculating unit 2 detects the direct current input to or output from power storage device 10 as shown in FIG.
- Information indicating the relationship between the current value and the resistance of the current is stored in advance, and based on the current value detected by the detection unit 1 and the information indicating the relationship between the current value and the resistance as shown in FIG. Determine the resistance value, which is the impedance of 10.
- Information such as that shown in FIG. 5 or 6 may be held as a map or table, or may be held in the form of formulas or functions.
- Fig. 8 is an impedance Bode diagram showing the relationship between frequency and resistance in a lithium ion battery. Resistance values are shown at frequencies from 10 mHz to 20 kHz. The resistance value in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 20 kHz is affected by the impedance of the wiring inside the battery, the wiring between batteries in the case of a battery module in which multiple batteries are connected in series or in parallel, and the wiring from the battery to the converter. is large. The resistance value when the frequency is 1 kHz corresponds to the DC resistance of the electrolytic solution resistance, internal wiring, etc. in the lithium ion battery.
- the resistance value in the frequency range of 1 kHz or less corresponds to the reaction between the positive and negative electrodes in the lithium ion battery and the Li ions, or the diffusion impedance of the Li ions in the electrodes and in the electrolyte.
- the impedance frequency characteristic has a feature that the higher the ripple frequency is, the larger the ripple frequency is, the smaller it is in the vicinity of about 1 kHz, and the larger it is in the low frequency range of 1 kHz or less. Therefore, the voltage fluctuation of the battery when the ripple current is applied changes depending on the frequency of the ripple current applied to the lithium ion battery.
- the impedance calculation unit 2 When the detection unit 1 detects the frequency of the ripple current applied to the power storage device 10, the impedance calculation unit 2 outputs information indicating the relationship between the frequency of the ripple current applied to the power storage device 10 and the resistance as shown in FIG. is obtained in advance, and from the frequency of the ripple current detected by the detection unit 1 and information indicating the relationship between the frequency of the ripple current and the resistance as shown in FIG. Information such as that shown in FIG. 8 may be held as a map or table, or may be held in the form of formulas or functions. Moreover, the detection of the frequency of the ripple current in the detection unit 1 may be performed by, for example, FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analysis, and the frequency with the highest rate of occurrence may be used as the detection result.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- the impedance calculator 2 calculates the overall battery impedance of the power storage device 10 when the plurality of batteries are connected and the impedance for connecting the plurality of batteries.
- the impedance of the busbar and cable, and the impedance of the cable connecting power storage device 10 and converter 20 may be obtained.
- the power storage device 10 is not composed of a single battery, but is used in the form of a module in which a plurality of batteries are connected in series or in parallel. The influence of the impedance of the cable is large.
- the overall battery impedance of power storage device 10 when a plurality of batteries are connected, the impedance of bus bars and cables for connecting the plurality of batteries, and the impedance of power storage device 10 and converter 20 are calculated as follows: By obtaining the impedance of the connecting cable, the ripple current applied to the power storage device 10 can be accurately calculated. In addition, since the impedance of the busbar and cable has characteristics that change depending on temperature and frequency, the characteristics may be stored as information to obtain the impedance.
- the detection unit 1 further detects the deterioration state or degree of deterioration of the battery, and determines the degree of deterioration and resistance. By holding the relationship, the impedance of the battery in the deteriorated state may be calculated.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of an equivalent circuit of the converter 20.
- the converter 20 is a boost converter and is composed of a primary side capacitor 21 , a reactor 22 , a semiconductor switching element 23 and a secondary side capacitor 24 .
- the converter 20 boosts the input voltage V in from the power storage device 10 to the output voltage V out and outputs it to the load 30 .
- the ripple current diL is expressed by the following formula (4) based on the formulas (2) and (3).
- a peak value P diL of the ripple current is represented by the following equation (5).
- Ripple current diL represented by equation (4) is applied as a ripple current to power storage device 10 by capacitance C in of primary side capacitor 21 , and voltage fluctuation occurs due to the impedance of power storage device 10 .
- the ripple current calculation unit 3 calculates the switching frequency f of the semiconductor switching element 23 such as a MOSFET, the rising/lowering voltage ratio between the primary side voltage V in and the secondary side voltage V out , the inductance of the reactor 22 Based on the value L, the capacitance C in of the primary side capacitor 21 and the capacitance C out of the secondary side capacitor 24, the ripple current is calculated.
- the ripple current calculator 3 obtains and stores information on the inductance value L of the reactor 22 of the converter 20, the capacitance C in of the primary side capacitor 21, and the capacitance C out of the secondary side capacitor 24 in advance. Alternatively, it may be obtained from the converter 20 together with the switching frequency f of the semiconductor switching element 23 such as a MOSFET, the values of the primary side voltage Vin and the secondary side voltage Vout . Furthermore, the ripple current calculator 3 may acquire information on the switching frequency f of the semiconductor switching element 23 such as a MOSFET, the primary side voltage V in and the secondary side voltage V out from the control section 5 . Alternatively, the sampling timing may be set based on the switching frequency of the semiconductor switching element 23 of the converter 20, the ripple current may be measured by the detector 1, and the value may be used.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of power storage device 10, and expresses the electrical and chemical characteristics of power storage device 10 with a simple electric circuit.
- L is the conductive path inside the power storage device 10
- the current collector metal is the current collector metal, the busbar and cable inductance between the batteries of the battery module
- Rl is the wiring resistance
- Rs is the electrolyte resistance inside the battery
- Rc is the inside of the battery.
- C is the electric double layer capacity
- OCV Open Circuit Voltage
- the ripple current when alternating current is applied can be calculated by simulation.
- the ripple current may be calculated by using voltage Vb of the equivalent circuit of power storage device 10 shown in FIG. 10 instead of input voltage Vin in equations (1) to (5).
- the equivalent circuit may include only the inductance and resistance components related to the busbars and cables between the batteries, or may include the conductive paths in the battery and the inductance and resistance of the metal that serves as the current collector.
- FIG. 11 is an impedance Nyquist diagram of one cell of the battery.
- FIG. 11 plots the impedance of one cell of the battery divided into the real part Zre and the imaginary part Zim, and plots the respective values at each frequency.
- the imaginary part Zim of the impedance based on the inductance of the battery is in the positive range, and in the positive range of Zim, the higher the frequency, the larger the inductance and the real number component.
- the ripple current can be calculated by incorporating the impedance calculated based on the characteristics shown in FIG. 11 into the input voltage Vin shown in FIG. 9 as a resistance.
- the constant of each circuit element of the equivalent circuit may be varied according to the type of battery and electrical or chemical characteristics, so that the impedance suitable for the battery to be used may be calculated.
- the equivalent circuit may use an equivalent circuit based on the wiring inductance and wiring resistance of a bus bar or cable used for connection between batteries. Since the circuit element constants of these wires and cables change with temperature and frequency, the relationship between these changes may be expressed and calculated.
- Ripple fluctuation calculation unit 4 calculates voltage fluctuation when ripple current is applied to power storage device 10 from the impedance value output from impedance calculation unit 2 and the ripple current value output from ripple current calculation unit 3. presume. Since the voltage fluctuation of the power storage device 10 is estimated based on the impedance value of the power storage device 10, it is possible to more accurately determine whether the power storage device 10 is used beyond the upper limit voltage or the lower limit voltage of the specified voltage range. Therefore, deterioration or degradation of battery performance can be suppressed more accurately.
- the control unit 5 controls the ripple current applied to the power storage device 10 by controlling the converter 20 based on the information on the voltage fluctuation of the power storage device 10, which is the output of the ripple fluctuation calculation unit 4.
- the converter 20 is controlled so that the voltage of the power storage device 10 does not exceed the predetermined voltage range of the power storage device 10 .
- Control of the ripple current is performed, for example, by adjusting the switching frequency of semiconductor switching elements inside converter 20 .
- the ripple current may be controlled by adjusting the carrier frequency for generating the PWM signal.
- the amplitude of the ripple current may be controlled to be small by increasing the switching frequency of the semiconductor switching element or the carrier frequency for PWM signal generation.
- Control may be performed to increase the amplitude of the ripple current by decreasing the frequency.
- control unit 5 may set a voltage target value of power storage device 10 and control to increase or decrease the voltage value or SOC.
- a current target value to be supplied to power storage device 10 may be set to control the current value.
- the control unit 5 may include a deterioration determination unit. Based on the voltage fluctuation information of the power storage device 10, which is the output of the ripple fluctuation calculation unit 4, the deterioration determination unit determines the necessity of controlling the ripple current and the control target, and controls the ripple current applied to the power storage device 10. do. For example, the deterioration determination unit determines the upper limit voltage, upper limit SOC, lower limit voltage, and lower limit of the power storage device 10 based on the voltage fluctuation obtained by the ripple fluctuation calculation unit 4 based on the voltage or SOC of the power storage device 10 detected by the detection unit 1 . When any of the SOCs is exceeded, it is determined that ripple current control is necessary, and the ripple current is controlled.
- the deterioration determination unit determines that when the ripple current generated by the switching operation of converter 20 is applied to power storage device 10 and the voltage fluctuation of power storage device 10 exceeds the upper limit voltage or lower limit voltage and the power storage device 10 A voltage excess value, which is the difference from the voltage of the device 10, is determined.
- Information indicating the relationship between the excess voltage value and the deterioration rate of the power storage device 10, for example, the relationship between the excess voltage value and the change in the capacity of the power storage device 10 is prepared in advance, and the excess voltage value and the deterioration speed of the power storage device 10 are determined. and the calculated excess voltage value, the ripple current applied to power storage device 10 may be controlled so as to slow down the deterioration rate.
- information indicating the relationship between the number of times of application of ripple current and the change in capacity of power storage device 10 is held in advance, and the information indicating the relationship between the number of times of application of ripple current and the deterioration rate of power storage device 10 and the obtained excess voltage are obtained.
- the ripple current to be applied to power storage device 10 may be controlled based on the value so that the rate of deterioration slows down.
- Information indicating the relationship between the excess voltage value and the deterioration rate of the power storage device 10, or information indicating the relationship between the number of times the ripple current is applied and the change in capacity of the power storage device 10 may be stored as a map or table. It may be held in the form of an expression or a function.
- the temperature of power storage device 10 detected by detection unit 1 changes the rate of deterioration of power storage device 10 with respect to the voltage fluctuation of power storage device 10 .
- Information indicating the relationship between the fluctuation and the deterioration rate of the power storage device 10 may be stored in advance, and the ripple current may be controlled based on this information.
- the information indicating the relationship between the temperature of power storage device 10, the voltage variation obtained by ripple variation calculation unit 4, and the deterioration rate of power storage device 10 may be stored as a map or table, or may be stored in the form of a formula or function. good.
- the deterioration determination unit detects the upper limit voltage according to the temperature of power storage device 10 detected by detection unit 1 .
- the lower limit voltage is changed, and based on the difference between the voltage fluctuation of power storage device 10 when the ripple current is applied and the upper limit voltage or lower limit voltage, the ripple current is controlled so that deterioration of power storage device 10 is reduced.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the voltage fluctuation of power storage device 10, the difference in the upper limit voltage, and the rate of deterioration at each temperature of power storage device 10.
- the state at 0 degrees, the circle at 25 degrees Celsius, and the diamond at 45 degrees Celsius.
- the deterioration determining unit has information such as that shown in FIG.
- the ripple current may be controlled so that Information such as that shown in FIG. 12 may be held as a map or table, or may be held in the form of formulas or functions.
- the temperature may rise and exceed the predetermined upper temperature limit of the power storage device, resulting in deterioration of power storage device 10 .
- the deterioration determination unit obtains the amount of heat generated by power storage device 10 from the impedance value obtained by impedance calculation unit 2 and the ripple current obtained by ripple current calculation unit 3, and obtains the temperature of power storage device 10 that has increased due to this heat value.
- the ripple current may be controlled based on the temperature information after this rise.
- the amount of heat generated Q based on the ripple current generated by the switching operation of converter 20 and the internal resistance R of power storage device 10 is defined by the following equation (6), where I rms is the ripple effective current.
- the internal resistance R of the power storage device 10 changes according to the temperature of the power storage device 10 detected by the detection unit 1, the SOC, the input current, the output current, or the frequency of the applied ripple current. Therefore, the resistance value of the impedance obtained by the impedance calculator 2 may be used.
- the temperature rise of the power storage device 10 can be estimated based on the heat generation amount Q of the power storage device 10 obtained from Equation (6), the energy generated over time, and the heat capacity Cv [J/K] of the battery.
- the deterioration determination unit has in advance information indicating the relationship between temperature rise due to internal heat generation of power storage device 10 when ripple current is applied, voltage fluctuation of power storage device 10, and deterioration rate of power storage device 10. You may control a ripple current based on information. Joule heat is generated in power storage device 10 by the current ripple applied to power storage device 10 and the impedance of power storage device 10, and the temperature of power storage device 10 rises. Since power storage device 10 is in a high-temperature state, performance degradation or deterioration may occur, but performance degradation or deterioration of power storage device 10 can be suppressed by performing such processing in the degradation determination unit.
- Information indicating the relationship between the temperature rise due to internal heat generation, the voltage fluctuation of power storage device 10, and the deterioration rate of power storage device 10 may be stored as a map or table, or may be stored in the form of a formula or function. .
- the deterioration determining unit has information indicating the relationship between the time integral value of the voltage of the power storage device 10 and the deterioration rate of the power storage device 10 in advance, and determines the voltage in response to the ripple current frequency and the battery voltage fluctuation due to the application of the ripple current. A time integral value may be calculated, and the ripple current may be controlled based on the time integral value of this voltage.
- the deterioration determination unit may have in advance information indicating the relationship between the effective voltage value of the voltage of power storage device 10 and the deterioration rate of power storage device 10, calculate the effective voltage value of the voltage of power storage device 10, and The ripple current may be controlled based on the effective voltage value.
- the ripple current is controlled based on the time integral value of the voltage or the value of the effective voltage.
- Information indicating the relationship between the time integral value of the voltage of power storage device 10 and the deterioration rate of power storage device 10 may be stored as a map or table, or may be stored in the form of an expression or function.
- the deterioration determination unit may control the ripple current applied to the battery based on the frequency of the ripple current generated by the switching operation of the converter 20.
- Lithium-ion batteries have the characteristic that deterioration tends to progress when a ripple current in the frequency range of 1 kHz or less is applied, for example, due to the movement of Li ions in the electrolyte solution inside the battery or the electrode reaction in the battery. . Therefore, when a ripple current of 1 kHz or less is applied, the deterioration determination unit performs control such as suppressing the ripple current applied to power storage device 10, thereby controlling performance deterioration or deterioration of power storage device 10. can be done.
- the deterioration factor diagnosis unit analyzes and compares the voltage curve and differential voltage curve of an undegraded battery, which is a general method, and the voltage curve and differential voltage curve of a deteriorated battery, and uses parameters such as positive electrode deterioration, negative electrode deterioration, Deterioration due to Li deposition is diagnosed, and when the deterioration parameter due to Li deposition exceeds a threshold, the ripple current is controlled to be suppressed. Note that it is not always necessary to analyze and compare both the voltage curve and the differential voltage curve, and either one of them may be analyzed and compared.
- the inductance value and capacitor capacity of the reactor provided in the converter 20 are obtained by calculating the ripple current generated by the switching operation of the converter 20 in advance in the design stage, calculating the impedance of the assumed power storage device 10, and calculating the voltage A configuration may be used in which the variation is estimated and then designed based on the estimated variation. By these processes, it is possible to reduce the size of the reactor mounted on the converter 20 or reduce the capacitance of the capacitor.
- control device 100 controls converter 20 that converts at least one of the voltage input to power storage device 10 and the voltage output from power storage device 10 using semiconductor switching elements.
- a detection unit 1 that detects power storage device parameters related to the power storage device 10
- an impedance calculation unit 2 that obtains the impedance of the power storage device 10 from the output of the detection unit 1;
- the converter 20 is controlled based on the output of the impedance calculation unit 2 and the output of the ripple current calculation unit 3, so that the performance of the power storage device 10 decreases or Deterioration can be suppressed.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of a control device 100a according to the second embodiment.
- a control device 100a according to the second embodiment controls a converter 20a having a plurality of reactors connected in parallel and a plurality of semiconductor switching elements respectively connected to the plurality of reactors. Comparing the control device 100a according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 13 with the control device 100 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5a, and includes a loss calculator 6 instead of the ripple fluctuation calculator 4.
- the loss calculator 6 includes a converter loss calculator 61 and a battery loss calculator 62 .
- Other configurations of the control device 100a according to the second embodiment are the same as those of the control device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- a power storage system includes the control device 100a, the power storage device 10, and the converter 20a.
- Ripple current calculation unit 3a calculates the ripple current applied to power storage device 10 based on the output of detection unit 1 and the number of reactors operating in converter 20a, that is, the number of semiconductor switching elements operating in converter 20a. Calculate the magnitude of the ripple current.
- Converter loss calculation unit 61 obtains from detection unit 1 the value of the DC current input or output in power storage device 10, and converts the conversion loss, which is the loss caused by the switching operation of the semiconductor switching element of converter 20a, from the value of the DC current. Find the device loss.
- Battery loss calculation unit 62 calculates the battery loss that occurs in power storage device 10 from the impedance of power storage device 10 that is the output of impedance calculation unit 2 and the value of the ripple current that is the output of ripple current calculation unit 3.
- the control unit 5a controls the number of semiconductor switching elements to be operated in the converter 20a based on the converter loss output from the converter loss calculation unit 61 and the battery loss output from the battery loss calculation unit 62. .
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the converter 20a.
- the converter 20a is composed of a primary side capacitor 21a, a reactor 22a, a semiconductor switching element 23a, a semiconductor switching element 23b, a reactor 22b, a semiconductor switching element 23c, a semiconductor switching element 23d, and a secondary side capacitor 24a.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing states of i 1 , i 2 and i 3 when the switching operation of the semiconductor switching elements is performed so that the phases of i 1 and i 2 are the same in the converter of the comparative example. is.
- FIG. 16 shows i 1 , i 2 and i 3 when the switching operation of the semiconductor switching elements is performed so that the phases of i 1 and i 2 are shifted by 180 degrees in the converter of the second embodiment. It is a diagram showing. i1 and i2 having an amplitude ia and a phase difference of 180 degrees are synthesized , and the amplitude of the ripple current i3 is ia and the frequency is 2f.
- the synthesized ripple current i3 having an amplitude ia is applied to the power storage device 10 , and the semiconductor device is arranged so that the phases of i1 and i2 are the same.
- the amplitude of the ripple current applied to power storage device 10 can be suppressed as compared with the comparative example in which the switching operation of the switching element is performed.
- the direct current flowing through one reactor is reduced, and the amount of heat generated by the converter 20a is reduced. be.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between DC current and loss when boosting voltage in converter 20a.
- Qa1 is the converter loss per reactor when the reactor is duplicated and operated
- Qa2 is the converter loss when only one reactor is used without duplicating the reactor. is shown as
- the current flowing per reactor becomes smaller and the converter loss per reactor becomes smaller, but the converter loss of the converter 20a as a whole becomes 2Qa1.
- the converter loss is 2Qa1 when the reactor is duplicated and operated, and only one reactor is operated.
- control is performed to operate with only one reactor.
- the loss may be calculated based on the efficiency with respect to the current when the voltage of the power storage device 10 is stepped up or stepped down by the converter 20a.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the relationship between the ripple current applied to the power storage device 10 and the battery loss of the power storage device 10 calculated based on the impedance, that is, the loss due to the heat generation of the power storage device 10.
- the battery loss of power storage device 10 when the reactor is duplicated and operated is Qb1
- the battery loss of power storage device 10 when the reactor is not duplicated and operated with only one reactor is Qb1. It is shown as Qb2.
- Qb1 which is the battery loss when the reactor is duplicated and operated
- Qb1 which is the battery loss when the reactor is operated with only one reactor
- a certain Qb2 is compared, and control is performed so that operation is performed with the smaller battery loss. Further, when it is desired to reduce the total of the converter loss of the converter 20a and the battery loss of the power storage device 10, for example, the control unit 5a compares 2Qa1+Qb1 and Qa2+Qb2 to determine the number of reactors to be operated in the converter 20a. to control.
- control device 100a further includes a ripple variation calculation unit 4 that estimates the voltage variation of the power storage device 10 based on the values of the impedance and the ripple current. You may control the number of said semiconductor switching elements operated so that it may carry out. With such a configuration, the impedance of power storage device 10 and the ripple current applied to power storage device 10 cause voltage fluctuations in power storage device 10, and deterioration of power storage device 10 occurs when the upper limit voltage or lower limit voltage is exceeded. can be suppressed.
- the number of reactors connected in parallel in converter 20a may be multiplexed, and control unit 5a determines the number of reactors to be operated to control the ripple current applied to power storage device 10. may be controlled. By increasing the number of reactors, the ripple current applied to power storage device 10 can be further suppressed. Further, when controlling the converter 20a having a large number of reactors connected in parallel, the loss of the entire converter 20a is a value obtained by adding the losses due to the switching operation per reactor for the number of reactors. , the converter loss of the converter 20a can also be reduced by reducing the number of reactors to be operated while considering the ripple current.
- the reactor has a rated current value, when some of the multiplexed reactors are stopped, the current flowing through each operating reactor is kept below the rated current value. It is desirable to control the number of Further, as shown in FIG. 17, operating two or more reactors tends to increase the overall converter loss of the converter 20a.
- the converter loss of the converter 20a can be reduced by operating only one reactor. For example, in converter 20a shown in FIG. 14, semiconductor switching element 23c and semiconductor switching element 23d are gated off when i3 of the ripple current applied to power storage device 10 is 1/2 or less of the rated current of the reactor. The converter loss of the converter 20a can be reduced by stopping the reactor 22b. At this time , the ripple current applied to the power storage device 10 from the ripple current i1 flowing through the reactor 22a is i3.
- the control device may be implemented as a control method, or may be implemented as a computer program describing each operation of the control method.
- the computer program may be provided via a communication channel, or recorded on a recording medium and provided.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing an example of hardware of the control device according to the first and second embodiments.
- Impedance calculator 2, ripple current calculators 3 and 3a, ripple fluctuation calculator 4, controllers 5 and 5a, and loss calculator 6 are processors such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes programs stored in memory 202. 201.
- the memory 202 is also used as a temporary storage device for each process executed by the processor 201 .
- a plurality of processing circuits may work together to perform the functions described above. Furthermore, the above functions may be realized by dedicated hardware.
- the dedicated hardware may be, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or a combination thereof.
- the processor 201 is a CPU, a central processing unit, a processing unit, an arithmetic unit, a microprocessor, a microcomputer, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), etc., or a combination thereof. It is a thing.
- the memory 202 is, for example, non-volatile or volatile semiconductor memory such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Registered Trademark) (Electrically EPROM), A magnetic disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, a compact disk, a mini disk, a DVD (registered trademark) (Digital Versatile Disk), or a combination thereof.
- the detector 1, the processor 201 and the memory 202 are bus-connected to each other.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1による制御装置100の構成を示すブロック図である。蓄電装置10は、1つまたは複数の電池から構成されるものである。変換器20は、蓄電装置10より出力する電圧を変換して昇圧または降圧して電力を負荷30に供給する、あるいは、蓄電装置10に入力する電圧を変換して昇圧または降圧するものである。制御装置100は、検出部1、インピーダンス計算部2、リプル電流計算部3、リプル変動計算部4および制御部5を備えている。検出部1は、蓄電装置10に関する蓄電装置パラメータである、蓄電装置10の温度、電圧値、SOC(State Of Charge:充電率)、蓄電装置10に入力される直流電流の電流値、蓄電装置10から出力される直流電流の電流値、蓄電装置10に印加されるリプル電流の周波数の少なくとも一つを検出する検出器である。インピーダンス計算部2は、検出部1の出力から蓄電装置10のインピーダンスを求める。リプル電流計算部3は、検出部1の出力から蓄電装置10に印加されるリプル電流の大きさを求める。リプル変動計算部4は、蓄電装置10のインピーダンスとリプル電流の値をもとに、蓄電装置10の電圧変動を推定する。制御部5は、リプル変動計算部4の出力である電圧変動の値があらかじめ定められた蓄電装置10の規定電圧範囲を超えないように変換器20を制御する。
図13は、実施の形態2による制御装置100aの構成を示す図である。実施の形態2による制御装置100aは、互いに並列に接続された複数のリアクトルと、複数のリアクトルのそれぞれに接続された複数の半導体スイッチング素子とを備えた変換器20aを制御するものである。図13に示す実施の形態2による制御装置100aを図1に示す実施の形態1による制御装置100と比較すると、リプル電流計算部3がリプル電流計算部3aになっており、制御部5が制御部5aになっており、リプル変動計算部4ではなく損失計算部6を備えている。損失計算部6は、変換器損失計算部61と電池損失計算部62とを備えている。実施の形態2による制御装置100aの他の構成は、実施の形態1による制御装置100の構成と同じである。
したがって、例示されていない無数の変形例が、本願に開示される技術の範囲内において想定される。例えば、少なくとも1つの構成要素を変形する場合、追加する場合または省略する場合、さらには、少なくとも1つの構成要素を抽出し、他の実施の形態の構成要素と組み合わせる場合が含まれるものとする。
Claims (16)
- 蓄電装置に入力される電圧および前記蓄電装置から出力される電圧の少なくとも一方を半導体スイッチング素子によって変換する変換器を制御する制御装置であって、
前記蓄電装置に関する蓄電装置パラメータを検出する検出部と、
前記検出部の出力から前記蓄電装置のインピーダンスを求めるインピーダンス計算部と、
前記検出部の出力から前記蓄電装置に印加されるリプル電流の振幅を求めるリプル電流計算部とを備え、
前記インピーダンス計算部の出力および前記リプル電流計算部の出力をもとに前記変換器を制御することを特徴とする制御装置。 - 前記インピーダンス計算部の出力および前記リプル電流計算部の出力から前記蓄電装置の電圧変動を推定するリプル変動計算部と、
前記電圧変動があらかじめ定められた前記蓄電装置の規定電圧範囲を超えないように前記変換器を制御する制御部とを備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記半導体スイッチング素子のスイッチング動作を制御することによって前記蓄電装置に印加される前記リプル電流を制御することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の制御装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記半導体スイッチング素子のスイッチング動作を制御することによって前記蓄電装置に印加する直流電圧の電圧値を制御することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の制御装置。
- 前記蓄電装置に関する蓄電装置パラメータは、前記蓄電装置の温度、前記蓄電装置に入力される直流電圧の電圧値、前記蓄電装置から出力される直流電圧の電圧値、前記蓄電装置のSOC、前記蓄電装置に入力される直流電流の電流値、前記蓄電装置から出力される直流電流の電流値および前記蓄電装置に印加される前記リプル電流の周波数の少なくとも一つであることを特徴とする請求項2から4のいずれか1項に記載の制御装置。
- 前記インピーダンス計算部は、前記検出部の出力と前記蓄電装置のインピーダンスとの関係を示す情報をもとに前記検出部の出力を前記蓄電装置のインピーダンスの値に変換することを特徴とする請求項2から5のいずれか1項に記載の制御装置。
- 前記蓄電装置は内部に配線を含んでおり、
前記インピーダンス計算部は、前記配線のインピーダンスも含めた前記蓄電装置のインピーダンスを求めることを特徴とする請求項2から6のいずれか1項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記蓄電装置の劣化速度の情報をもとに前記半導体スイッチング素子のスイッチング動作を制御する劣化判定部を備えたことを特徴とする請求項2から7のいずれか1項に記載の制御装置。
- 前記劣化判定部は、前記電圧変動による前記蓄電装置の劣化速度の情報をもとに前記半導体スイッチング素子のスイッチング動作を制御することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の制御装置。
- 前記劣化判定部は、前記インピーダンス計算部の出力および前記リプル電流計算部の出力から推定した蓄電装置の発熱量から前記蓄電装置の劣化速度を求めることを特徴とした請求項8に記載の制御装置。
- 前記劣化判定部は、前記電圧変動の時間積分値から前記蓄電装置の劣化速度を求めることを特徴とした請求項8に記載の制御装置。
- 前記劣化判定部は、前記電圧変動から求められた実効電圧から前記蓄電装置の劣化速度を求めることを特徴とした請求項8に記載の制御装置。
- 前記検出部は少なくとも前記蓄電装置に印加されるリプル電流の周波数を検出し、
前記制御部は、前記蓄電装置に印加されるリプル電流の前記周波数による前記蓄電装置の劣化速度の情報をもとに前記半導体スイッチング素子のスイッチング動作を制御することを特徴とする請求項8から12のいずれか1項に記載の制御装置。 - 互いに並列に接続された複数のリアクトルと、複数の前記リアクトルのそれぞれに接続された複数の前記半導体スイッチング素子とを備えた前記変換器を制御する制御装置であって、
前記インピーダンス計算部の出力と前記リプル電流計算部の出力と前記検出部の出力とから動作させる前記半導体スイッチング素子の個数を制御することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記検出部の出力から前記変換器における損失を求める変換器損失計算部と、
前記インピーダンス計算部の出力および前記リプル電流計算部の出力から前記蓄電装置における損失を求める電池損失計算部と、
前記変換器損失計算部の出力および前記電池損失計算部の出力から動作させる前記半導体スイッチング素子の個数を決定する制御部とを備えたことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の制御装置。 - 請求項1から15のいずれか1項に記載の制御装置と、
前記蓄電装置と、
前記変換器とを備えたことを特徴とする蓄電システム。
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JPH0654532A (ja) * | 1992-07-24 | 1994-02-25 | Canon Inc | 多出力スイッチング電源装置 |
JPH0937560A (ja) * | 1995-07-19 | 1997-02-07 | Toshiba Corp | インバータ制御装置 |
JP2010178608A (ja) * | 2009-02-02 | 2010-08-12 | Lenovo Singapore Pte Ltd | Dc/dcコンバータおよび携帯式コンピュータ |
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