WO2022167333A1 - Composite pane comprising an electrically heatable camera window - Google Patents

Composite pane comprising an electrically heatable camera window Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022167333A1
WO2022167333A1 PCT/EP2022/052014 EP2022052014W WO2022167333A1 WO 2022167333 A1 WO2022167333 A1 WO 2022167333A1 EP 2022052014 W EP2022052014 W EP 2022052014W WO 2022167333 A1 WO2022167333 A1 WO 2022167333A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pane
heating element
camera window
electrically conductive
intermediate layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/052014
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jefferson DO ROSARIO
Stephan GILLESSEN
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to CN202280000535.1A priority Critical patent/CN115210073A/en
Publication of WO2022167333A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022167333A1/en

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    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
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    • B32B17/10266—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques on glass pane
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    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite pane with an electrically heatable communication window, a method for its production and its use.
  • Composite panes made of two or more glass or polymer panes are used in vehicles as windshields, rear windows, side windows and roof windows.
  • One or more functional coatings which have infrared-reflecting properties, anti-reflective properties or low-E properties can be arranged on individual sides of the panes.
  • Motor vehicles are increasingly being equipped with sensors, in particular with a large number of driver assistance systems with optical sensors. These include, for example, optical cameras, but also radar systems, ultrasonic sensors and light detection and ranging (LiDaR).
  • Sensor-based optical driver assistance systems are usually based on optical or electromagnetic sensors that scan the vehicle's surroundings by emitting and/or receiving photons or electromagnetic waves and thus provide corresponding information to the vehicle electronics.
  • the sensors can be placed in vehicles on and/or in the windshield. In road traffic, they offer the possibility of recognizing dangers and obstacles in good time.
  • a sensor field is that area of the pane through which the sensor can detect radiation passing through it, i.e. the sensor field of the pane is the area that lies in the detection beam path of the sensor.
  • EP 1 605 729 A2 discloses an electrically heatable pane with a camera window.
  • the camera window is kept fog-free and ice-free with a heating device.
  • the heating element is laminated into the pane at the position of the camera window, with the heating element being located adjacent to a field of view.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a composite pane with an electrically heatable camera window that provides improved heating performance of the camera window.
  • the laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window comprises at least one outer pane and one inner pane, which are connected to one another over at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the outer pane comprises a first surface (I) facing away from the intermediate layer and a second surface (II) facing towards the intermediate layer.
  • the inner pane comprises a first surface (III) facing the intermediate layer and a second surface (IV) facing away from the intermediate layer.
  • the laminated pane comprises at least one optically transparent camera window and a first, electrically conductive, transparent coating outside the camera window, with the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating, in particular substantially over the entire surface, outside the camera window on the first surface (III) of the inner pane is arranged.
  • the laminated pane also includes an electrical heating element for heating the communication window, the electrical heating element being arranged on the first surface (III) of the inner pane inside the camera window and being intended for connection to a voltage source such that when an electrical voltage is applied to the heating element electrical heating current flows through the heating element.
  • the laminated pane according to the invention has a significantly improved heating capacity within the camera window.
  • the invention provides that the camera window is formed by a decoated area on the first surface (III) of the inner pane and contains the heating element within the decoated area.
  • the invention is based on the finding that the heating element arranged inside the camera window can heat the camera window very efficiently and at the same time the heating element hardly disturbs the optical view of the camera.
  • the laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window is used to separate an interior from an external environment. It includes the inner pane and outer pane.
  • inner pane and outer pane are basically all electric insulating substrates suitable that are thermally and chemically stable and dimensionally stable under the conditions of manufacture and use of the laminated pane according to the invention.
  • the inner pane and the outer pane preferably contain glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.
  • the inner pane and the outer pane are preferably transparent, particularly for use of the pane as a windshield or rear window of a vehicle or other uses where high light transmission is desired.
  • a pane that has a transmission in the visible spectral range of more than 70% is then understood to be transparent within the meaning of the invention.
  • the transmission can also be much lower, for example greater than 5%.
  • the thickness of the pane can vary widely and can thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • Panes with standard thicknesses of 1.0 mm to 25 mm, preferably 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm, are preferably used for vehicle glass.
  • the size of the disc can vary widely and depends on the size of the use according to the invention.
  • the inner pane and optionally the outer pane have areas of 200 cm 2 up to 20 m 2 , which are common in vehicle construction, for example.
  • the composite pane can have any three-dimensional shape.
  • the three-dimensional shape has no shadow zones so that it can be coated by, for example, sputtering.
  • the substrates are planar or slightly or greatly curved in one or more directions of space. In particular, planar substrates are used.
  • the discs can be colorless or colored.
  • the intermediate layer preferably contains at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also, for example, be polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, or copolymers or contain mixtures thereof.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged one on top of the other, the thickness of a thermoplastic film preferably being from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
  • the first surface (III) of the inner pane and the second surface (II) of the outer pane face each other and are connected to one another via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the second surface (IV) of the inner pane and the first surface (I) of the outer pane face away from each other and from the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the camera window has an optical transparency, i.e. the transmission is in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1300 nm, preferably more than 70%.
  • the camera window preferably takes up less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5%, of the pane surface.
  • the camera window preferably has the shape of a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, a trapezium, a hexagon, an octagon, a cross, an oval or a circle.
  • the first surface (III) of the inner pane within the camera window is preferably free of coating.
  • the first, electrically conductive coating is applied to the first surface (III) of the inner pane outside of the camera window.
  • a further electrically conductive coating can also be applied to the second surface (II) of the outer pane.
  • Electrically conductive, transparent coatings according to the invention are known, for example, from EP 0 847 965 B1 or WO 2017/198362 A1. They typically contain one or more, for example two, three or four, electrically conductive, functional layers.
  • the functional layers preferably contain at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and/or chromium or a metal alloy.
  • the functional layers particularly preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal.
  • the functional layers can consist of the metal or the metal alloy.
  • the functional layers particularly preferably contain silver or an alloy containing silver. Such functional layers have a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity combined with high transmission in the visible spectral range.
  • the thickness of a functional layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. In this range for the thickness of the functional layer, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved.
  • At least one dielectric layer is typically arranged in each case between two adjacent functional layers of the coating.
  • a further dielectric layer is preferably arranged below the first and/or above the last functional layer.
  • a dielectric layer contains at least a single layer of a dielectric material, for example containing a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide.
  • dielectric layers can also comprise a plurality of individual layers, for example individual layers of a dielectric material, smoothing layers, matching layers, blocking layers and/or antireflection layers.
  • the thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm.
  • This layer structure is generally obtained by a sequence of deposition operations carried out by a vacuum process such as magnetic field-assisted sputtering.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • SnO2:F fluorine-doped tin oxide
  • ZnO:Al aluminum-doped zinc oxide
  • the first electrically conductive, transparent coating can be any coating that has sufficient transparency.
  • the first, electrically conductive coating is a layer or a layer structure of several individual layers with a total thickness of less than or equal to 2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the heating element is designed as a printed linear conductor.
  • Such conductors are extremely thin.
  • the linewidth of the conductors can be less than 100 microns, for example 1 pm, 5 pm, 20 pm, or 180 pm, 300 pm, 350 pm.
  • the conductors have the same cross section, but can alternatively also have different cross sections. As a result, the optical view of the camera is only slightly impaired and at the same time a high heating output is guaranteed.
  • the heating element particularly preferably has at least one conductor with a constant width. In the case of such conductors, the longer of its dimensions is referred to as the length and the shorter of its dimensions as the width.
  • the heating element has a plurality of linear conductors which are arranged parallel to one another or at a defined angle to one another.
  • Such heating elements are formed from a printed and baked printing paste that preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles and/or carbon, in particular silver particles.
  • the heating element is designed as at least one loop, in particular an angular loop.
  • the angular loop can have rounded corners.
  • the heating element is designed as a heating structure in the form of two loops connected to one another.
  • the loop width of one or each of the two loops can be selected depending on the area of the camera window. The larger the area of the camera window, the larger the loop width can be.
  • the loop width is selected as a function of the area in such a way that the distance between the heating element and the first electrically conductive transparent coating does not fall below 1 m.
  • the heating element can preferably be arranged centrally within the camera window.
  • the laminated pane can have a second coating on the second surface (II) of the outer pane facing the intermediate layer, the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating and/or the second electrically conductive, transparent coating having infrared-reflecting properties.
  • the present invention includes the laminated pane according to the invention as a windshield.
  • the present invention includes a method for producing the laminated pane according to the invention, wherein at least
  • the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating is applied to at least part of the first surface (III) of the inner pane
  • the electrical heating element is applied inside the camera window, with the electrical heating element being arranged in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied to the electrical heating element, a heating current for heating the camera window flows through the electrical heating element, • the first surface (III) of the inner pane with the electrically conductive, transparent coating is connected to the surface (II) of the outer pane via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the electrically conductive coating of the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating can be applied by methods known per se, preferably by cathode sputtering supported by a magnetic field. This is particularly advantageous with regard to a simple, quick, inexpensive and uniform coating of the first pane.
  • the electrically conductive coating can also be applied, for example, by vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD) or by wet-chemical processes.
  • the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating can preferably be removed (decoating) by means of a laser beam.
  • the heating element is preferably applied by printing and baking an electrically conductive paste in a screen printing process or in an inkjet process.
  • the bus bar can be applied to the electrically conductive coating as a strip of an electrically conductive film, preferably laid on, soldered on or glued on.
  • the lateral shape is created by masking the fabric through which the printing paste with the metal particles is pressed.
  • the width of the busbar for example, can be predetermined and varied in a particularly simple manner.
  • the production (decoating) of individual coating-free zones in the electrically conductive coating is preferably carried out using a laser beam.
  • Methods for structuring thin metal films are known, for example, from EP 2 200 097 A1.
  • the present invention includes the use of the composite pane according to the invention with a heatable camera window in vehicles, ships, airplanes and helicopters, preferably as a windscreen and/or rear window.
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view of an embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged representation of a camera window from FIG.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view through a laminated pane according to Figure 1
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional illustration of a camera window from FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view of a preferred embodiment of the composite pane 10 according to the invention with a heatable camera window 2.
  • the composite pane 10 is designed as a windshield of a passenger car.
  • the camera window 2 is arranged in the middle of the upper edge area of the laminated pane 10 .
  • the camera window 2 serves as a view for a camera 5 (FIG. 3) or a camera system.
  • the camera window 2 can be defined as a region of the optical beam path of the camera 5 or of an entire camera system through the laminated pane 10, in particular an inner pane 1 (from FIG. 3).
  • the lower edge of the composite pane 10 is arranged downwards in the direction of the engine of a passenger car, its upper edge (O) lying opposite the lower edge (U) is directed upwards in the direction of the roof.
  • the camera window 2 is arranged approximately in the middle near the upper edge (O).
  • the laminated pane 10 has a first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 outside of the camera window 2 .
  • the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 is used outside the camera window 2 to protect the interior of the vehicle against solar radiation.
  • the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 can also be a sun protection coating with preferably at least an electrically conductive layer based on a metal, in particular based on silver.
  • a sun protection coating has, in particular, reflective properties in the near infrared range, for example in the range from 800 nm to 1500 nm.
  • the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 extends, for example, over the entire surface (III) of the inner pane 1 minus the camera window 2 and minus a surrounding, frame-shaped, uncoated area with a width of approximately 8 mm.
  • the uncoated, frame-shaped area is used for electrical insulation between the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 and the vehicle body of a vehicle.
  • the uncoated area is hermetically sealed by gluing with an intermediate layer 3 ( Figure 3) to protect the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 from damage and corrosion.
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged representation of the camera window 2 from FIG. 1.
  • the camera window 2 has a heating element 7 for the electrical heating of the camera window 2 .
  • the heating element 7 is arranged centrally within the camera window 2 on the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 .
  • the heating element 7 has a first connection point, via which the heating element 7 is electrically conductively connected to a first film conductor 8.1.
  • the heating element 7 has a second connection point, via which the heating element 7 is electrically connected to a second foil conductor 8.2.
  • the foil conductors 8.1 and 8.2 connect the heating element 7 to an electrical voltage source 9. If an electrical voltage is applied to the connection points of the heating element 7, an electrical heating current flows through the heating element 7.
  • the camera window 2 is heated by the heating current.
  • the foil conductors 8.1 and 8.2 can each be electrically conductively connected to the heating element 7 via a soldering compound, an electrically conductive adhesive or by simply lying on and pressing on inside the laminated pane 10.
  • the foil conductors 8.1 and 8.2 contain, for example, a tinned copper foil with a width of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm.
  • the foil conductors 8.1 and 8.2 can also merge into connecting cables that are connected to the voltage source 9.
  • the voltage source 9 provides, for example, an on-board voltage that is customary for motor vehicles, preferably from 12 V to 15 V and, for example, about 14 V.
  • the 14 V voltage source can also have higher voltages, for example from 35 V to 45 V and in particular 42 V.
  • the heating element 7 comprises a plurality of line-shaped conductors printed thereon, the conductors having a constant width.
  • the heating element 7 is formed from a printed and baked printing paste containing silver particles. The printing paste was applied to the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 using the screen printing method and then baked. Sections of the linear conductors are arranged parallel to one another or at a defined angle to one another.
  • the heating element 7 is designed as two loops which are connected to one another.
  • the loops are square in shape with rounded corners.
  • the width and shape of the loops can be adapted to the area of the camera window 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the laminated pane 10 according to the invention from FIG.
  • the laminated pane 10 comprises an inner pane 1 which is connected to an outer pane 4 via an intermediate layer 3 .
  • the intermediate layer 3 can have a film made of thermoplastic polymer, preferably EVA, PU, PVB or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof.
  • the intermediate layer 3 has an essentially constant thickness of 0.76 mm.
  • the intermediate layer 3 can have two films made of thermoplastic polymer, preferably EVA, PU or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof.
  • the inner pane 1 faces an interior space, e.g.
  • the inner pane 1 and the outer pane 4 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass.
  • the outer pane 4 has a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example, and the inner pane 1 has a thickness of 1, 6 mm or 2.1 mm.
  • the heating element 7 is arranged on the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 facing the intermediate layer 3 .
  • the heating element 7 can be electrically contacted with a voltage source 9 via the film conductors 8.1, 8.2.
  • a layer of paint 11 frames the camera window 2 of the laminated pane 10.
  • the camera window 2 can be any area of the laminated pane 10 or the inner pane 1 that has a high transmission for the corresponding optical and electromagnetic signals.
  • the camera window 2 is intended to provide an optical passage for the field of view of the camera 5 . Additionally it can Camera window 2 may be provided for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation for other sensors mounted on the laminated pane 10 .
  • the camera window 2 is transparent, in particular optically.
  • the camera 5 aligned with the camera window 2 is located in an encapsulation attached to the inner pane 1 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the heatable camera window 2.
  • the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 and a second surface (II) of an outer pane 4 face one another and are connected to one another via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.
  • a second surface (IV) of the inner pane 1 and a first surface (I) of the outer pane 4 face away from one another and from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 .
  • the heating element 7 is arranged on the surface (III) of the inner pane 1 .
  • the linear conductor of the heating element 7 is arranged on the left and right edge area of the camera window 2 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing the laminated pane 10 with a heatable camera window 2.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the first electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 is applied (101) to at least part of the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1,
  • the electrical heating element 7 is applied inside the camera window 2, with the electrical heating element 7 being arranged in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied to the electrical heating element 7, a heating current for heating the camera window 2 flows through the electrical heating element 7 (103),
  • the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 with the electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 and the heating element 7 is connected to the surface (II) of the outer pane 4 via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 (104).
  • the step of removing the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating can additionally comprise a step of decoating a frame-shaped area in the first, electrically conductive coating.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composite pane (10) comprising an electrically heatable camera window (2), said composite pane at least having: an optically transparent camera window (2); a first, electrically conductive, transparent coating (6) outside the camera window (2), the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating (6) being located on the first surface (III) of the inner pane (1); an electrical heating element (7) for heating the camera window (2), the electrical heating element (7) being arranged on the first surface (III) of the inner pane (1) inside the camera window (2) and being provided for connection to a voltage source (9).

Description

Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster Composite pane with electrically heated camera window
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kommunikationsfenster, ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung. The invention relates to a composite pane with an electrically heatable communication window, a method for its production and its use.
Verbundscheiben aus zwei oder mehreren gläsernen oder polymeren Scheiben werden in Fahrzeugen als Windschutzscheiben, Heckscheiben, Seitenscheiben und Dachscheiben eingesetzt. Auf einzelnen Seiten der Scheiben können eine oder mehrere funktionelle Beschichtungen angeordnet sein, die infrarotreflektierende Eigenschaften, antireflex- Eigenschaften oder Low-E-Eigenschaften aufweisen. Kraftfahrzeuge werden zunehmend mit Sensoren ausgestattet, insbesondere mit einer Vielzahl von Fahrerassistenzsystemen mit optischen Sensoren. Hierzu zählen zum Beispiel optische Kameras, aber auch Radarsysteme, Ultraschallsensoren sowie Light Detection and Ranging (LiDaR). Sensorbasierte optische Fahrerassistenzsysteme (ADAS) basieren in der Regel auf optischen oder elektromagnetischen Sensoren, die die Fahrzeugumgebung durch Aussenden und/oder Empfangen von Photonen oder elektromagnetischer Wellen abtasten und so entsprechende Informationen an die Fahrzeugelektronik bereitstellen. Die Sensoren können in Fahrzeugen an und/oder in der Windschutzscheibe platziert werden. Damit bieten sie im Straßenverkehr die Möglichkeit, Gefahren und Hindernisse rechtzeitig zu erkennen. Composite panes made of two or more glass or polymer panes are used in vehicles as windshields, rear windows, side windows and roof windows. One or more functional coatings which have infrared-reflecting properties, anti-reflective properties or low-E properties can be arranged on individual sides of the panes. Motor vehicles are increasingly being equipped with sensors, in particular with a large number of driver assistance systems with optical sensors. These include, for example, optical cameras, but also radar systems, ultrasonic sensors and light detection and ranging (LiDaR). Sensor-based optical driver assistance systems (ADAS) are usually based on optical or electromagnetic sensors that scan the vehicle's surroundings by emitting and/or receiving photons or electromagnetic waves and thus provide corresponding information to the vehicle electronics. The sensors can be placed in vehicles on and/or in the windshield. In road traffic, they offer the possibility of recognizing dangers and obstacles in good time.
Aufgrund der Weiterentwicklung zum autonomen Fahren in der Automobilindustrie ist ein zuverlässiges Kamerasystem im oder am Fahrzeug unerlässlich. Üblicherweise wird das Kamerasystem durch entsprechende Scheiben vor Witterungseinflüssen geschützt, dabei sollten die Scheiben möglichst sauber und beschlagsfrei sein und damit Funktionalität der Kamerasensoren gewährleisten. Da Beschlag und Vereisungen die Transmission von elektromagnetischen Wellen deutlich beeinflussen, sollte die Scheibe möglichst schnell davon befreit werden. Wischsysteme gewährleisten, dass die Scheibe von Wassertropfen und Schutzpartikeln befreit werden. Bei Vereisungen sind sie allerdings unbrauchbar, deshalb ist bei Bedarf eine kurzfristige Aufheizung des betroffenen Scheibensegments, das für den Sensor als Sichtfeld dient, notwendig. Ein Sensorfeld ist derjenige Bereich der Scheibe, durch den verlaufende Strahlung durch den Sensor detektiert werden kann, d.h. das Sensorfeld der Scheibe ist also der Bereich, der im Detektionsstrahlengang des Sensors liegt. Due to the further development towards autonomous driving in the automotive industry, a reliable camera system in or on the vehicle is essential. The camera system is usually protected from the effects of the weather by appropriate panes. The panes should be as clean and free of condensation as possible, thus ensuring the functionality of the camera sensors. Since fogging and icing have a significant effect on the transmission of electromagnetic waves, the pane should be cleared of them as quickly as possible. Wiping systems ensure that the pane is freed from water droplets and protective particles. However, they are useless in the event of icing, which is why the affected pane segment, which serves as the field of view for the sensor, must be heated briefly if necessary. A sensor field is that area of the pane through which the sensor can detect radiation passing through it, i.e. the sensor field of the pane is the area that lies in the detection beam path of the sensor.
EP 1 605 729 A2 offenbart eine elektrisch beheizbare Scheibe mit einem Kamerafenster. Das Kamerafenster wird über eine Heizvorrichtung beschlags- und eisfrei gehalten. Das Heizelement wird an der Position des Kamerafensters in die Scheibe einlaminiert, wobei das Heizelement benachbart zu einem Sichtfeld angeordnet ist. Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, eine Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster bereitzustellen, die eine verbesserte Heizleistung des Kamerafensters bereitstellt. EP 1 605 729 A2 discloses an electrically heatable pane with a camera window. The camera window is kept fog-free and ice-free with a heating device. The heating element is laminated into the pane at the position of the camera window, with the heating element being located adjacent to a field of view. The object of the present invention is to provide a composite pane with an electrically heatable camera window that provides improved heating performance of the camera window.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungen gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor. The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a laminated pane with an electrically heatable camera window according to claim 1 . Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster umfasst mindestens eine Außenscheibe und eine Innenscheibe, die über mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht miteinander flächig verbunden sind. Die Außenscheibe umfasst eine erste, von der Zwischenschicht abgewandte Oberfläche (I) und eine zweite, zu der Zwischenschicht hingewandte Oberfläche (II). Die Innescheibe umfasst eine erste, zur Zwischenschicht hingewandte Oberfläche (III) sowie eine zweite, von der Zwischenschicht abgewandte Oberfläche (IV). Weiterhin umfasst die Verbundscheibe mindestens ein optisch transparentes Kamerafenster, und außerhalb des Kamerafensters eine erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung, wobei die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung, insbesondere im Wesentlich vollflächig, außerhalb des Kamerafensters an der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe angeordnet ist. Die Verbundscheibe umfasst auch ein elektrisches Heizelement zum Beheizen des Kommunikationsfensters, wobei das elektrische Heizelement auf der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe innerhalb des Kamerafensters angeordnet ist und zum Anschluss an eine Spannungsquelle vorgesehen ist, so dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an das Heizelement ein elektrischer Heizstrom durch das Heizelement fließt. The laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window comprises at least one outer pane and one inner pane, which are connected to one another over at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer. The outer pane comprises a first surface (I) facing away from the intermediate layer and a second surface (II) facing towards the intermediate layer. The inner pane comprises a first surface (III) facing the intermediate layer and a second surface (IV) facing away from the intermediate layer. Furthermore, the laminated pane comprises at least one optically transparent camera window and a first, electrically conductive, transparent coating outside the camera window, with the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating, in particular substantially over the entire surface, outside the camera window on the first surface (III) of the inner pane is arranged. The laminated pane also includes an electrical heating element for heating the communication window, the electrical heating element being arranged on the first surface (III) of the inner pane inside the camera window and being intended for connection to a voltage source such that when an electrical voltage is applied to the heating element electrical heating current flows through the heating element.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe weist eine signifikante verbesserte Heizleistung innerhalb des Kamerafensters auf. Mit anderen Worten ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass das Kamerafenster durch einen entschichteten Bereich auf der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe ausgebildet ist und das Heizelement innerhalb des entschichteten Bereichs enthält. Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass das innerhalb des Kamerafensters angeordnete Heizelemente sehr effizient das Kamerafenster beheizen kann und gleichzeitig das Heizelement der optischen Durchsicht der Kamera kaum stört. The laminated pane according to the invention has a significantly improved heating capacity within the camera window. In other words, the invention provides that the camera window is formed by a decoated area on the first surface (III) of the inner pane and contains the heating element within the decoated area. The invention is based on the finding that the heating element arranged inside the camera window can heat the camera window very efficiently and at the same time the heating element hardly disturbs the optical view of the camera.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster dient zur Abtrennung eines Innenraums von einer äußeren Umgebung. Sie umfasst die Innenscheibe und Außenscheibe. Als Innenscheibe und Außenscheibe sind im Grunde alle elektrisch isolierenden Substrate geeignet, die unter den Bedingungen der Herstellung und der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe thermisch und chemisch stabil sowie dimensionsstabil sind. The laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window is used to separate an interior from an external environment. It includes the inner pane and outer pane. As inner pane and outer pane are basically all electric insulating substrates suitable that are thermally and chemically stable and dimensionally stable under the conditions of manufacture and use of the laminated pane according to the invention.
Die Innenscheibe und die Außenscheibe enthalten bevorzugt Glas, besonders bevorzugt Flachglas, Floatglas, Quarzglas, Borosilikatglas, Kalk-Natron-Glas, oder klare Kunststoffe, vorzugsweise starre klare Kunststoffe, insbesondere Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polycarbonat, Polymethylmethacrylat, Polystyrol, Polyamid, Polyester, Polyvinylchlorid und/oder Gemische davon. Die Innenscheibe und die Außenscheibe sind bevorzugt transparent, insbesondere für die Verwendung der Scheibe als Windschutzscheide oder Rückscheibe eines Fahrzeugs oder anderen Verwendungen, bei denen eine hohe Lichttransmission erwünscht ist. The inner pane and the outer pane preferably contain glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof. The inner pane and the outer pane are preferably transparent, particularly for use of the pane as a windshield or rear window of a vehicle or other uses where high light transmission is desired.
Als transparent im Sinne der Erfindung wird dann eine Scheibe verstanden, die eine Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich von größer 70 % aufweist. Für Scheiben, die nicht im verkehrsrelevanten Sichtfeld des Fahrers liegen, beispielsweise für Dachscheiben, kann die Transmission aber auch viel geringer sein, beispielsweise größer als 5 %. A pane that has a transmission in the visible spectral range of more than 70% is then understood to be transparent within the meaning of the invention. However, for panes that are not in the driver's field of vision relevant to traffic, for example for roof panes, the transmission can also be much lower, for example greater than 5%.
Die Dicke der Scheibe kann breit variieren und so hervorragend den Erfordernissen des Einzelfalls angepasst werden. Vorzugsweise werden Scheiben mit den Standardstärken von 1 ,0 mm bis 25 mm, bevorzugt von 1 ,4 mm bis 2,5 mm für Fahrzeugglas verwendet. Die Größe der Scheibe kann breit variieren und richtet sich nach der Größe der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung. Die Innenscheibe und gegebenenfalls die Außenscheibe weisen beispielsweise im Fahrzeugbau übliche Flächen von 200 cm2 bis zu 20 m2 auf. The thickness of the pane can vary widely and can thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Panes with standard thicknesses of 1.0 mm to 25 mm, preferably 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm, are preferably used for vehicle glass. The size of the disc can vary widely and depends on the size of the use according to the invention. The inner pane and optionally the outer pane have areas of 200 cm 2 up to 20 m 2 , which are common in vehicle construction, for example.
Die Verbundscheibe kann eine beliebige dreidimensionale Form aufweisen. Vorzugsweise hat die dreidimensionale Form keine Schattenzonen, so dass sie beispielsweise durch Kathodenzerstäubung beschichtet werden kann. Bevorzugt sind die Substrate planar oder leicht oder stark in einer Richtung oder in mehreren Richtungen des Raumes gebogen. Insbesondere werden planare Substrate verwendet. Die Scheiben können farblos oder gefärbt sein. The composite pane can have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the three-dimensional shape has no shadow zones so that it can be coated by, for example, sputtering. Preferably, the substrates are planar or slightly or greatly curved in one or more directions of space. In particular, planar substrates are used. The discs can be colorless or colored.
Die Zwischenschicht enthält vorzugsweise mindestens einen thermoplastischen Kunststoff, bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA) und/oder Polyethylenterephthalat (PET). Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht kann aber auch beispielsweise Polyurethan (PU), Polypropylen (PP), Polyacrylat, Polyethylen (PE), Polycarbonat (PC), Polymethylmetacrylat, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyacetatharz, Gießharze, Acrylate, fluorinierte Ethylen-Propylene, Polyvinylfluorid und/oder Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen, oder Copolymere oder Gemische davon enthalten. Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht kann durch eine oder auch durch mehrere übereinander angeordnete thermoplastische Folien ausgebildet werden, wobei die Dicke einer thermoplastischen Folie bevorzugt von 0,25 mm bis 1 mm beträgt, typischerweise 0,38 mm oder 0,76 mm. The intermediate layer preferably contains at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also, for example, be polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, or copolymers or contain mixtures thereof. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged one on top of the other, the thickness of a thermoplastic film preferably being from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
Die erste Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe und die zweite Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe sind einander zugewandt und über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht miteinander verbunden. Die zweite Oberfläche (IV) der Innenscheibe und die erste Oberfläche (I) der Außenscheibe sind voneinander und von der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht abgewandt. The first surface (III) of the inner pane and the second surface (II) of the outer pane face each other and are connected to one another via the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The second surface (IV) of the inner pane and the first surface (I) of the outer pane face away from each other and from the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
Das Kamerafenster weist eine optische Transparenz auf, d.h. die Transmission beträgt im Wellenlängenbereich von 400 nm bis 1300 nm, bevorzugt mehr als 70 %. Das Kamerafenster nimmt bevorzugt weniger als 10%, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 5% der Scheibenoberfläche ein. Vorzugsweise weist das Kamerafenster die Form eines Quadrats, eines Rechtecks, einer Raute, eines Trapezes, eines Hexagons, eines Oktagons, eines Kreuzes, eines Ovals oder eines Kreises auf. Vorzugsweise ist die erste Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe innerhalb des Kamerafensters beschichtungsfrei. The camera window has an optical transparency, i.e. the transmission is in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1300 nm, preferably more than 70%. The camera window preferably takes up less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5%, of the pane surface. The camera window preferably has the shape of a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, a trapezium, a hexagon, an octagon, a cross, an oval or a circle. The first surface (III) of the inner pane within the camera window is preferably free of coating.
Die erste, elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung ist auf der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe außerhalb des Kamerafensters aufgebracht. Zusätzlich kann auch auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe eine weitere elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung aufgebracht sein. The first, electrically conductive coating is applied to the first surface (III) of the inner pane outside of the camera window. In addition, a further electrically conductive coating can also be applied to the second surface (II) of the outer pane.
Erfindungsgemäße elektrische leitfähige, transparente Beschichtungen sind beispielsweise aus EP 0 847 965 B1 oder WO 2017/198362 A1 bekannt. Sie enthalten typischerweise eine oder mehrere, beispielsweise zwei, drei oder vier elektrisch leitfähige, funktionelle Schichten. Die funktionellen Schichten enthalten bevorzugt zumindest ein Metall, beispielsweise Silber, Gold, Kupfer, Nickel und/oder Chrom oder eine Metalllegierung. Die funktionellen Schichten enthalten besonders bevorzugt mindestens 90 Gew. % des Metalls, insbesondere mindestens 99,9 Gew. % des Metalls. Die funktionellen Schichten können aus dem Metall oder der Metalllegierung bestehen. Die funktionellen Schichten enthalten besonders bevorzugt Silber oder eine silberhaltige Legierung. Solche funktionellen Schichten weisen eine besonders vorteilhafte elektrische Leitfähigkeit bei gleichzeitiger hoher Transmission im sichtbaren Spektral be re ich auf. Die Dicke einer funktionellen Schicht beträgt bevorzugt von 5 nm bis 50 nm, besonders bevorzugt von 8 nm bis 25 nm. In diesem Bereich fürdie Dicke der funktionellen Schicht wird eine vorteilhaft hohe Transmission im sichtbaren Spektral be re ich und eine besonders vorteilhafte elektrische Leitfähigkeit erreicht. Typischerweise ist jeweils zwischen zwei benachbarten funktionellen Schichten der Beschichtung zumindest eine dielektrische Schicht angeordnet. Bevorzugt ist unterhalb der ersten und/oder oberhalb der letzten funktionellen Schicht eine weitere dielektrische Schicht angeordnet. Eine dielektrische Schicht enthält zumindest eine Einzelschicht aus einem dielektrischen Material, beispielsweise enthaltend ein Nitrid wie Siliziumnitrid oder ein Oxid wie Aluminiumoxid. Dielektrische Schichten können aber auch mehrere Einzelschichten umfassen, beispielsweise Einzelschichten eines dielektrischen Materials, Glättungsschichten, Anpassungsschichten, Blockerschichten und/oder Antireflexionsschichten. Die Dicke einer dielektrischen Schicht beträgt beispielsweise von 10 nm bis 200 nm. Electrically conductive, transparent coatings according to the invention are known, for example, from EP 0 847 965 B1 or WO 2017/198362 A1. They typically contain one or more, for example two, three or four, electrically conductive, functional layers. The functional layers preferably contain at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and/or chromium or a metal alloy. The functional layers particularly preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal. The functional layers can consist of the metal or the metal alloy. The functional layers particularly preferably contain silver or an alloy containing silver. Such functional layers have a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity combined with high transmission in the visible spectral range. The thickness of a functional layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. In this range for the thickness of the functional layer, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved. At least one dielectric layer is typically arranged in each case between two adjacent functional layers of the coating. A further dielectric layer is preferably arranged below the first and/or above the last functional layer. A dielectric layer contains at least a single layer of a dielectric material, for example containing a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide. However, dielectric layers can also comprise a plurality of individual layers, for example individual layers of a dielectric material, smoothing layers, matching layers, blocking layers and/or antireflection layers. The thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm.
Dieser Schichtaufbau wird im Allgemeinen durch eine Folge von Abscheidevorgängen erhalten, die durch ein Vakuumverfahren wie die magnetfeldgestützte Kathodenzerstäubung durchgeführt werden. This layer structure is generally obtained by a sequence of deposition operations carried out by a vacuum process such as magnetic field-assisted sputtering.
Weitere geeignete elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtungen enthalten bevorzugt Indium-Zinnoxid (ITO), fluordotiertes Zinnoxid (SnO2:F) oder aluminiumdotiertes Zinkoxid (ZnO:AI). Other suitable electrically conductive coatings preferably contain indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F) or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al).
Die erste elektrische leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung kann prinzipiell jede Beschichtung sein, die eine ausreichende Transparenz aufweist. In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die erste, elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung eine Schicht oder ein Schichtaufbau mehrerer Einzelschichten mit einer Gesamtdicke von kleiner oder gleich 2 pm, besonders bevorzugt kleiner oder gleich 1 pm. In principle, the first electrically conductive, transparent coating can be any coating that has sufficient transparency. In an advantageous embodiment, the first, electrically conductive coating is a layer or a layer structure of several individual layers with a total thickness of less than or equal to 2 μm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 1 μm.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist das Heizelement als ein aufgedruckter linienförmiger Leiter ausgebildet. Derartige Leiter sind extrem dünnschichtig ausgebildet. Die Linienbreite der Leiter kann weniger als 100 Mikrometer, beispielsweise 1 pm, 5 pm, 20 pm, oder 180 pm, 300 pm, 350 pm betragen. Darüber hinaus weisen die Leiter einen gleichen Querschnitt auf, können alternativ aber auch unterschiedliche Querschnitte aufweisen. Dadurch wird die optische Durchsicht der Kamera nur unwesentlich beeinträchtigt und gleichzeitig eine hohe Heizleistung gewährleistet. Besonders bevorzugt weist das Heizelement mindestens einen Leiter mit einer konstanten Breite auf. Bei derartigen Leitern wird die längere seiner Dimension als Länge und die weniger lange seiner Dimension als Breite bezeichnet. In a preferred embodiment, the heating element is designed as a printed linear conductor. Such conductors are extremely thin. The linewidth of the conductors can be less than 100 microns, for example 1 pm, 5 pm, 20 pm, or 180 pm, 300 pm, 350 pm. In addition, the conductors have the same cross section, but can alternatively also have different cross sections. As a result, the optical view of the camera is only slightly impaired and at the same time a high heating output is guaranteed. The heating element particularly preferably has at least one conductor with a constant width. In the case of such conductors, the longer of its dimensions is referred to as the length and the shorter of its dimensions as the width.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist das Heizelement mehrere linienförmige Leiter auf, die parallel oder in einem definierten Winkel zueinander angeordnet sind. Derartige Heizelemente sind aus einer aufgedruckten und eingebrannten Druckpaste ausgebildet, die bevorzugt metallische Partikel, Metallpartikel und/oder Kohlenstoff, insbesondere Silberpartikel, enthält. In an advantageous embodiment, the heating element has a plurality of linear conductors which are arranged parallel to one another or at a defined angle to one another. Such heating elements are formed from a printed and baked printing paste that preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles and/or carbon, in particular silver particles.
In einerweiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist das Heizelement als mindestens eine Schleife, insbesondere eckige Schleife, ausgebildet. Weiterhin kann die eckige Schleife abgerundete Ecken aufweist. In a further advantageous embodiment, the heating element is designed as at least one loop, in particular an angular loop. Furthermore, the angular loop can have rounded corners.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist das Heizelement als eine Heizstruktur in Form zweier untereinander verbundene Schleifen ausgebildet. In a further embodiment, the heating element is designed as a heating structure in the form of two loops connected to one another.
Die Schleifenbreite der einen oder auch jeder einzelnen der beiden Schleifen kann in Abhängigkeit der Fläche des Kamerafensters ausgewählt werden. Je größer die Fläche des Kamerafensters ist, desto größer kann die Schleifenbreite sein. Dabei ist die Schleifenbreite in Abhängigkeit von der Fläche so gewählt, dass ein Abstand des Heizelements zur ersten elektrisch leitfähigen transparenten Beschichtung von 1 m nicht unterschritten wird. The loop width of one or each of the two loops can be selected depending on the area of the camera window. The larger the area of the camera window, the larger the loop width can be. The loop width is selected as a function of the area in such a way that the distance between the heating element and the first electrically conductive transparent coating does not fall below 1 m.
Das Heizelement kann bevorzugt mittig innerhalb des Kamerafensters angeordnet sein. The heating element can preferably be arranged centrally within the camera window.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung kann die Verbundscheibe eine zweite Beschichtung an der zweiten, zur der Zwischenschicht hingewandte Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe aufweisen, wobei die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung und/oder die zweite elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung infrarotreflektierende Eigenschaften aufweisen. In a further configuration, the laminated pane can have a second coating on the second surface (II) of the outer pane facing the intermediate layer, the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating and/or the second electrically conductive, transparent coating having infrared-reflecting properties.
In einem weiteren Aspekt umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe als Windschutzscheibe. In a further aspect, the present invention includes the laminated pane according to the invention as a windshield.
In einem weiteren Aspekt umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, wobei mindestens In a further aspect, the present invention includes a method for producing the laminated pane according to the invention, wherein at least
• die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung zumindest auf einen Teil der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe aufgebracht wird, • the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating is applied to at least part of the first surface (III) of the inner pane,
• innerhalb des Kamerafensters die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung entfernt wird, • the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating inside the camera window is removed,
• das elektrische Heizelement innerhalb des Kamerafensters aufgebracht wird, wobei das elektrische Heizelement derart angeordnet wird, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an das elektrische Heizelement ein Heizstrom zum Beheizen des Kamerafensters durch das elektrische Heizelement fließt, • die erste Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe mit der elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht mit der Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe verbunden wird. • the electrical heating element is applied inside the camera window, with the electrical heating element being arranged in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied to the electrical heating element, a heating current for heating the camera window flows through the electrical heating element, • the first surface (III) of the inner pane with the electrically conductive, transparent coating is connected to the surface (II) of the outer pane via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
Das Aufbringen der elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung der ersten, elektrischen leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung kann durch an sich bekannte Verfahren erfolgen, bevorzugt durch magnetfeldunterstützte Kathodenzerstäubung. Das ist besonders vorteilhaft im Hinblick auf eine einfache, schnelle, kostengünstige und gleichmäßige Beschichtung der ersten Scheibe. Die elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung kann aber auch beispielsweise durch Aufdampfen, chemische Gasphasenabscheidung (chemical vapour deposition, CVD), plasmagestützte Gasphasenabscheidung (PECVD) oder durch nasschemische Verfahren aufgebracht werden. The electrically conductive coating of the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating can be applied by methods known per se, preferably by cathode sputtering supported by a magnetic field. This is particularly advantageous with regard to a simple, quick, inexpensive and uniform coating of the first pane. However, the electrically conductive coating can also be applied, for example, by vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD) or by wet-chemical processes.
Die Entfernung (Entschichtung) der ersten, elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung kann vorzugsweise durch einen Laserstrahl erfolgen. The first, electrically conductive, transparent coating can preferably be removed (decoating) by means of a laser beam.
Das Aufbringen des Heizelements erfolgt bevorzugt durch Aufdrucken und Einbrennen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Paste in einem Siebdruckverfahren oder in einem Inkjet-Verfahren. Alternativ kann der Sammelleiter als Streifen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Folie auf die elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung aufgebracht, bevorzugt aufgelegt, angelötet oder angeklebt werden. The heating element is preferably applied by printing and baking an electrically conductive paste in a screen printing process or in an inkjet process. Alternatively, the bus bar can be applied to the electrically conductive coating as a strip of an electrically conductive film, preferably laid on, soldered on or glued on.
Bei Siebdruckverfahren erfolgt die laterale Formgebung durch die Maskierung des Gewebes, durch das die Druckpaste mit den Metallpartikeln gedrückt wird. Durch eine geeignete Formgebung der Maskierung kann beispielsweise die Breite des Sammelleiters besonders einfach vorgegeben und variiert werden. In the screen printing process, the lateral shape is created by masking the fabric through which the printing paste with the metal particles is pressed. By suitably shaping the masking, the width of the busbar, for example, can be predetermined and varied in a particularly simple manner.
Die Herstellung (Entschichtung) einzelner beschichtungsfreier Zonen in der elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung erfolgt vorzugsweise durch einen Laserstrahl. Verfahren zum Strukturieren dünner Metallfilme sind beispielsweise aus EP 2 200 097 A1 bekannt. The production (decoating) of individual coating-free zones in the electrically conductive coating is preferably carried out using a laser beam. Methods for structuring thin metal films are known, for example, from EP 2 200 097 A1.
Weiterhin umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe mit beheizbarem Kamerafenster in Fahrzeugen, Schiffen, Flugzeugen und Hubschraubern, bevorzugt als Windschutzscheibe und/oder Heckscheibe. Furthermore, the present invention includes the use of the composite pane according to the invention with a heatable camera window in vehicles, ships, airplanes and helicopters, preferably as a windscreen and/or rear window.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung können alle Ausführungsformen, die für einzelne Merkmale genannt sind, auch frei miteinander kombiniert werden, sofern diese nicht widersprüchlich sind. Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Figuren und Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die Figuren sind eine schematische Darstellung und nicht maßstabsgetreu. Die Figuren schränken die Erfindung in keiner Weise ein. Within the scope of the present invention, all the embodiments that are mentioned for individual features can also be freely combined with one another, provided they are not contradictory. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures and exemplary embodiments. The figures are a schematic representation and are not drawn to scale. The figures do not limit the invention in any way.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Figur 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster, FIG. 1 shows a top view of an embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window,
Figur 2 eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Kamerafensters aus Figur 1 , FIG. 2 shows an enlarged representation of a camera window from FIG.
Figur 3 eine Querschnittdarstellung durch eine Verbundscheibe nach Figur 1Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view through a laminated pane according to Figure 1
Figur 4 eine Querschnittdarstellung eines Kamerafensters aus Figur 2, und FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional illustration of a camera window from FIG. 2, and
Figur 5 ein Flussdiagramm einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
Angaben mit Zahlenwerten sind in aller Regel nicht als exakte Werte zu verstehen, sondern beinhalten auch eine Toleranz von +/- 1 % bis zu +/- 10 %. Specifications with numerical values are generally not to be understood as exact values, but also include a tolerance of +/- 1% to +/- 10%.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfinderischen Verbundscheibe 10 mit einem beheizbarem Kamerafenster 2. Die Verbundscheibe 10 ist als eine Windschutzscheibe eines Personenkraftwagens ausgebildet. Dazu ist das Kamerafenster 2 mittig am oberen Randbereich der Verbundscheibe 10 angeordnet. Das Kamerafenster 2 dient als Durchsicht für eine Kamera 5 (Figur 3) oder ein Kamerasystem. Das Kamerafenster 2 kann als ein Bereich des optischen Strahlengangs der Kamera 5 oder eines ganzen Kamerasystems durch die Verbundscheibe 10, insbesondere einer Innenscheibe 1 (aus Figur 3), definiert werden. FIG. 1 shows a top view of a preferred embodiment of the composite pane 10 according to the invention with a heatable camera window 2. The composite pane 10 is designed as a windshield of a passenger car. For this purpose, the camera window 2 is arranged in the middle of the upper edge area of the laminated pane 10 . The camera window 2 serves as a view for a camera 5 (FIG. 3) or a camera system. The camera window 2 can be defined as a region of the optical beam path of the camera 5 or of an entire camera system through the laminated pane 10, in particular an inner pane 1 (from FIG. 3).
In Einbaulage ist die Unterkante der Verbundscheibe 10 nach unten in Richtung des Motors eines Personenkraftwagens angeordnet, ihre gegenüber der Unterkante (U) liegende Oberkante (O) ist nach oben in Richtung des Dachs gerichtet. Das Kamerafenster 2 ist etwa mittig in der Nähe der Oberkante (O) angeordnet. In the installed position, the lower edge of the composite pane 10 is arranged downwards in the direction of the engine of a passenger car, its upper edge (O) lying opposite the lower edge (U) is directed upwards in the direction of the roof. The camera window 2 is arranged approximately in the middle near the upper edge (O).
Die Verbundscheibe 10 weist eine erste, elektrische leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6 außerhalb des Kamerafensters 2 auf. Die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6 wird außerhalb des Kamerafensters 2 benutzt um das Innere des Fahrzeugs gegen Sonneneinstrahlung zu schützen. Die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6 kann also auch eine Sonnenschutzbeschichtung mit bevorzugt mindestens einer elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht auf Basis eines Metalls, insbesondere auf Basis von Silber, sein. Eine solche Sonnenschutzbeschichtung hat insbesondere reflektierende Eigenschaften im nahen Infrarotbereich, beispielsweise im Bereich von 800 nm bis 1500 nm. The laminated pane 10 has a first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 outside of the camera window 2 . The first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 is used outside the camera window 2 to protect the interior of the vehicle against solar radiation. The first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 can also be a sun protection coating with preferably at least an electrically conductive layer based on a metal, in particular based on silver. Such a sun protection coating has, in particular, reflective properties in the near infrared range, for example in the range from 800 nm to 1500 nm.
Die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6 erstreckt sich beispielsweise über die gesamte Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe 1 abzüglich des Kamerafensters 2 und abzüglich eines umlaufenden rahmenförmigen, unbeschichteten Bereichs mit einer Breite von ca. 8 mm. Der unbeschichtete, rahmenförmige Bereich dient der elektrischen Isolierung zwischen der ersten, elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung 6 und der Fahrzeugkarosserie eines Fahrzeugs. Der unbeschichtete Bereich ist durch Verkleben mit einer Zwischenschicht 3 (Figur 3) hermetisch versiegelt, um die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6 vor Beschädigung und Korrosion zu schützen. The first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 extends, for example, over the entire surface (III) of the inner pane 1 minus the camera window 2 and minus a surrounding, frame-shaped, uncoated area with a width of approximately 8 mm. The uncoated, frame-shaped area is used for electrical insulation between the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 and the vehicle body of a vehicle. The uncoated area is hermetically sealed by gluing with an intermediate layer 3 (Figure 3) to protect the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 from damage and corrosion.
Figur 2 zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Kamerafensters 2 aus Figur 1. Zur elektrischen Beheizung des Kamerafensters 2 weist das Kamerafenster 2 ein Heizelement 7 auf. Das Heizelement 7 ist mittig innerhalb des Kamerafensters 2 auf der ersten Oberfläche (III) des Innenscheibe 1 angeordnet. Das Heizelement 7 weist eine erste Anschlussstelle auf, über die das Heizelement 7 mit einem ersten Folienleiter 8.1 elektrisch leitend verbunden ist. Weiterhin weist das Heizelement 7 eine zweite Anschlussstelle auf, über die das Heizelement 7 mit einem zweiten Folienleiter 8.2 elektrisch leiten verbunden ist. Die Folienleiter 8.1 und 8.2 verbinden das Heizelement 7 mit einer elektrischen Spannungsquelle 9. Wird an die Anschlussstellen des Heizelements 7 eine elektrische Spannung angelegt, so fließt ein elektrischer Heizstrom durch das Heizelement 7. Durch den Heizstrom wird das Kamerafenster 2 beheizt. FIG. 2 shows an enlarged representation of the camera window 2 from FIG. 1. The camera window 2 has a heating element 7 for the electrical heating of the camera window 2 . The heating element 7 is arranged centrally within the camera window 2 on the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 . The heating element 7 has a first connection point, via which the heating element 7 is electrically conductively connected to a first film conductor 8.1. Furthermore, the heating element 7 has a second connection point, via which the heating element 7 is electrically connected to a second foil conductor 8.2. The foil conductors 8.1 and 8.2 connect the heating element 7 to an electrical voltage source 9. If an electrical voltage is applied to the connection points of the heating element 7, an electrical heating current flows through the heating element 7. The camera window 2 is heated by the heating current.
An den Anschlussstellen des Heizelements 7 können die Folienleiter 8.1 und 8.2 jeweils über eine Lotmasse, einen elektrisch leitfähigen Klebstoff oder durch einfaches Aufliegen und Andruck innerhalb der Verbundscheibe 10 mit dem Heizelement 7 elektrisch leitend verbunden sein. Die Folienleiter 8.1 und 8.2 enthalten beispielsweise eine verzinnte Kupferfolie mit einer Breite von 10 mm und einer Dicke von 0,3 mm. Die Folienleiter 8.1 und 8.2 können auch in Verbindungskabel übergehen, die mit der Spannungsquelle 9 verbunden sind. Die Spannungsquelle 9 stellt beispielsweise eine für Kraftfahrzeuge übliche Bordspannung, bevorzugt von 12 V bis 15 V und beispielsweise etwa 14 V bereit. Alternativ kann die Spannungsquelle 14 V auch höhere Spannungen aufweisen, beispielsweise von 35 V bis 45 V und insbesondere 42 V. Das Heizelement 7 umfasst mehrere aufgedruckte linienförmige Leiter, wobei die Leiter eine konstante Breite aufweisen. Das Heizelement 7 ist aus einer aufgedruckten und eingebrannten Druckpaste ausgebildet, die Silberpartikel enthält. Die Druckpaste wurde im Siebdruckverfahren auf die erste Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe 1 aufgebracht und anschließend eingebrannt. Die linienförmigen Leiter sind abschnittsweise parallel oder in einem definierten Winkel zueinander angeordnet. At the connection points of the heating element 7, the foil conductors 8.1 and 8.2 can each be electrically conductively connected to the heating element 7 via a soldering compound, an electrically conductive adhesive or by simply lying on and pressing on inside the laminated pane 10. The foil conductors 8.1 and 8.2 contain, for example, a tinned copper foil with a width of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm. The foil conductors 8.1 and 8.2 can also merge into connecting cables that are connected to the voltage source 9. The voltage source 9 provides, for example, an on-board voltage that is customary for motor vehicles, preferably from 12 V to 15 V and, for example, about 14 V. Alternatively, the 14 V voltage source can also have higher voltages, for example from 35 V to 45 V and in particular 42 V. The heating element 7 comprises a plurality of line-shaped conductors printed thereon, the conductors having a constant width. The heating element 7 is formed from a printed and baked printing paste containing silver particles. The printing paste was applied to the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 using the screen printing method and then baked. Sections of the linear conductors are arranged parallel to one another or at a defined angle to one another.
Das Heizelement 7 ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel als zwei untereinander verbundene Schleifen ausgebildet. Die Schleifen weisen eine eckige Form auf, wobei die Ecken abgerundet sind. Die Breite und Form der Schleifen kann an die Fläche des Kamerafensters 2 angepasst werden. In this exemplary embodiment, the heating element 7 is designed as two loops which are connected to one another. The loops are square in shape with rounded corners. The width and shape of the loops can be adapted to the area of the camera window 2.
Figur 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe 10 aus Figur 1 . Die Verbundscheibe 10 umfasst eine Innenscheibe 1 , die über eine Zwischenschicht 3 mit einer Außenscheibe 4 verbunden ist. Die Zwischenschicht 3 kann eine Folie aus thermoplastischen Polymer, bevorzugt EVA, PU, PVB oder Gemische oder Copolymere oder Derivate davon, aufweisen. Die Zwischenschicht 3 weist eine in Wesentlichen konstante Dicke von 0,76 mm auf. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Zwischenschicht 3 zwei Folien aus thermoplastischen Polymer, bevorzugt EVA, PU oder Gemische oder Copolymere oder Derivate davon, aufweisen. In einem eingebauten Zustand ist die Innenscheibe 1 einem Innenraum, z.B. einem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugewandt. FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the laminated pane 10 according to the invention from FIG. The laminated pane 10 comprises an inner pane 1 which is connected to an outer pane 4 via an intermediate layer 3 . The intermediate layer 3 can have a film made of thermoplastic polymer, preferably EVA, PU, PVB or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof. The intermediate layer 3 has an essentially constant thickness of 0.76 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the intermediate layer 3 can have two films made of thermoplastic polymer, preferably EVA, PU or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof. In an installed state, the inner pane 1 faces an interior space, e.g.
Die Innenscheibe 1 und die Außenscheibe 4 bestehen beispielsweise aus Kalk-Natron-Glas. Die Außenscheibe 4 weist beispielsweise eine Dicke von 2,1 mm auf, die Innenscheibe 1 eine Dicke von 1 , 6 mm oder 2,1 mm. The inner pane 1 and the outer pane 4 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass. The outer pane 4 has a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example, and the inner pane 1 has a thickness of 1, 6 mm or 2.1 mm.
An der ersten, zur Zwischenschicht 3 hingewandten Oberfläche (III) der Innescheibe 1 ist das Heizelement 7 angeordnet. Die Heizelement 7 ist über die Folienleiter 8.1 , 8.2 mit einer Spannungsquelle 9 elektrisch kontaktierbar. Eine Farbschicht 11 umrahmt das Kamerafenster 2 der Verbundscheibe 10. The heating element 7 is arranged on the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 facing the intermediate layer 3 . The heating element 7 can be electrically contacted with a voltage source 9 via the film conductors 8.1, 8.2. A layer of paint 11 frames the camera window 2 of the laminated pane 10.
Das Kamerafenster 2 kann ein beliebiger Bereich der Verbundscheibe 10 oder auch der Innenscheibe 1 sein, der für die entsprechenden optischen und elektromagnetischen Signale eine hohe Transmission aufweist. Dabei ist das Kamerafenster 2 dazu vorgesehen einen optischen Durchgang für den Sichtbereich der Kamera 5 bereitzustellen. Zusätzlich kann das Kamerafensters 2 zur Transmission von elektromagnetischer Strahlung für weitere an der Verbundscheibe 10 angebrachte Sensoren vorgesehen sein. The camera window 2 can be any area of the laminated pane 10 or the inner pane 1 that has a high transmission for the corresponding optical and electromagnetic signals. The camera window 2 is intended to provide an optical passage for the field of view of the camera 5 . Additionally it can Camera window 2 may be provided for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation for other sensors mounted on the laminated pane 10 .
Das Kamerafenster 2 ist, insbesondere optisch, transparent ausgebildet. Die auf das Kamerafenster 2 ausgerichtete Kamera 5 befindet sich in einer an der Innenscheibe 1 befestigten Einkapselung. The camera window 2 is transparent, in particular optically. The camera 5 aligned with the camera window 2 is located in an encapsulation attached to the inner pane 1 .
Figur 4 zeigt einen Querschnitt des beheizbaren Kamerafensters 2. Die erste Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe 1 und eine zweite Oberfläche (II) einer Außenscheibe 4 sind einander zugewandt und über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 3 miteinander verbunden. Eine zweite Oberfläche (IV) der Innenscheibe 1 und eine erste Oberfläche (I) der Außenscheibe 4 sind voneinander und von der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht 3 abgewandt. Das Heizelement 7 ist an der Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe 1 angeordnet. Der linienförmige Leiter des Heizelements 7 ist am linken und rechten Randbereich des Kamerafensters 2 angeordnet. FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the heatable camera window 2. The first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 and a second surface (II) of an outer pane 4 face one another and are connected to one another via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3. A second surface (IV) of the inner pane 1 and a first surface (I) of the outer pane 4 face away from one another and from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 . The heating element 7 is arranged on the surface (III) of the inner pane 1 . The linear conductor of the heating element 7 is arranged on the left and right edge area of the camera window 2 .
Figur 5 zeigt ein Flussdiagramm eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung der Verbundscheibe 10 mit beheizbarem Kamerafenster 2. Das Verfahren umfasst die folgenden Schritte: FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing the laminated pane 10 with a heatable camera window 2. The method comprises the following steps:
• die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6 wird zumindest auf einen Teil der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe 1 aufgebracht (101),• the first electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 is applied (101) to at least part of the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1,
• innerhalb des Kamerafensters 2 wird die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6 entfernt (102), • inside the camera window 2, the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 is removed (102),
• das elektrische Heizelement 7 wird innerhalb des Kamerafensters 2 aufgebracht, wobei das elektrische Heizelement 7 derart angeordnet wird, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an das elektrische Heizelement 7 ein Heizstrom zum Beheizen des Kamerafensters 2 durch das elektrische Heizelement 7 fließt (103), • the electrical heating element 7 is applied inside the camera window 2, with the electrical heating element 7 being arranged in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied to the electrical heating element 7, a heating current for heating the camera window 2 flows through the electrical heating element 7 (103),
• die erste Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe 1 mit der elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung 6 und dem Heizelement 7 wird über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 3 mit der Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe 4 verbunden (104). • The first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 with the electrically conductive, transparent coating 6 and the heating element 7 is connected to the surface (II) of the outer pane 4 via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 (104).
Der Schritt des Entfernens der ersten, elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung kann zusätzlich einen Schritt des Entschichtens eines rahmenförmigen Bereichs in der ersten, elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung umfassen. Bezugszeichenliste: The step of removing the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating can additionally comprise a step of decoating a frame-shaped area in the first, electrically conductive coating. Reference list:
1 Innenscheibe 1 inner pane
2 Kamerafenster 2 camera windows
3 Zwischenschicht 3 intermediate layer
4 Außenscheibe 4 outer pane
5 Kamera 5 camera
6 erste, elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung 6 first electrically conductive coating
7 Heizelement 7 heating element
8.1 erster Folienleiter 8.1 first foil conductor
8.2 zweiter Folienleiter 8.2 second foil conductor
9 Spannungsquelle 9 voltage source
10 Verbundscheibe 10 compound pane
11 Farbschicht 11 color layer
(O) Oberkante der Verbundscheibe (O) Top edge of compound pane
(U) Unterkante der Verbundscheibe (U) Lower edge of composite pane
(I) erste, von der Zwischenschicht abgewandte Oberfläche der Außenscheibe(I) first surface of the outer pane facing away from the intermediate layer
(II) zweite, zur Zwischenschicht hingewandte Oberfläche der Außenscheibe(II) second surface of the outer pane facing the intermediate layer
(III) erste, zur Zwischenschicht hingewandte Oberfläche der Innenscheibe(III) first surface of the inner pane facing the intermediate layer
(IV) zweite, von der Zwischenschicht abgewandte Oberfläche der Innenscheibe (IV) second surface of the inner pane facing away from the intermediate layer

Claims

Patentansprüche patent claims
1. Verbundscheibe (10) mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster (2) mindestens umfassend: 1. Composite pane (10) with an electrically heatable camera window (2) at least comprising:
• eine Außenscheibe (4) und eine Innenscheibe (1), die über mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (3) miteinander flächig verbunden sind, wobei die Außenscheibe (4) eine, von der Zwischenschicht (3) abgewandte Oberfläche (I) und eine zweite, zur der Zwischenschicht (3) hingewandte Oberfläche (II) umfasst und die Innescheibe (1) eine erste, zur Zwischenschicht (3) hingewandte Oberfläche (III) sowie eine zweite, von der Zwischenschicht (3) abgewandte Oberfläche (IV) umfasst, • an outer pane (4) and an inner pane (1), which are connected to one another over at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), the outer pane (4) having a surface (I) facing away from the intermediate layer (3) and a second, comprises a surface (II) facing the intermediate layer (3) and the inner pane (1) comprises a first surface (III) facing the intermediate layer (3) and a second surface (IV) facing away from the intermediate layer (3),
• mindestens ein optisch transparentes Kamerafenster (2), • at least one optically transparent camera window (2),
• außerhalb des Kamerafensters (2) eine erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6), wobei die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6) an der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (1) angeordnet ist, • a first, electrically conductive, transparent coating (6) outside the camera window (2), the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating (6) being arranged on the first surface (III) of the inner pane (1),
• ein elektrisches Heizelement (7) zum Beheizen des Kamerafensters (2), wobei das elektrische Heizelement (7) auf der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (1) innerhalb des Kamerafensters (2) angeordnet ist und zum Anschluss an eine Spannungsquelle (9) vorgesehen ist. • an electrical heating element (7) for heating the camera window (2), the electrical heating element (7) being arranged on the first surface (III) of the inner pane (1) inside the camera window (2) and for connection to a voltage source (9 ) is provided.
2. Verbundscheibe (10) nach Anspruch 1 , wobei das Heizelement (7) als ein aufgedruckter linienförmiger Leiter ausgebildet ist. 2. Composite pane (10) according to claim 1, wherein the heating element (7) is designed as a printed linear conductor.
3. Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei das Heizelement (7) mindestens einen Leiter mit einer konstanten Breite aufweist. 3. Laminated pane (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the heating element (7) has at least one conductor with a constant width.
4. Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das Heizelement (7) aus einer aufgedruckten und eingebrannten Druckpaste ausgebildet ist, die bevorzugt Metallpartikel und/oder Kohlenstoff, insbesondere Silberpartikel, enthält. 4. Laminated pane (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heating element (7) is formed from a printed and burned-in printing paste, which preferably contains metal particles and/or carbon, in particular silver particles.
5. Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Heizelement (7) mehrere linienförmige Leiter aufweist, die parallel oder in einem definierten Winkel zueinander angeordnet sind. Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das Heizelement (7) als mindestens eine Schleife, insbesondere eckige Schleife, ausgebildet ist. Verbundscheibe (10) nach Anspruch 6, wobei die eckige Schleife abgerundete Ecken aufweist. Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das Heizelement (7) als zwei untereinander verbundene Schleifen ausgebildet ist. Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, wobei die Schleifenbreite in Abhängigkeit der Fläche des Kamerafensters (2) ausgewählt wird. Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei das Heizelement (7) mittig innerhalb des Kamerafensters angeordnet ist. Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die zweite, zur Zwischenschicht hingewandte Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe eine zweite Beschichtung aufweist. Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 , wobei das Kamerafenster beschichtungsfrei ist. Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6) und/oder die zweite elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung infrarotreflektierende Eigenschaften aufweisen. Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei die Verbundscheibe (10) eine Windschutzscheibe ist. 15 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, wobei mindestens 5. Laminated pane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heating element (7) has a plurality of linear conductors which are arranged parallel or at a defined angle to one another. Laminated pane (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the heating element (7) is designed as at least one loop, in particular an angular loop. The laminated pane (10) of claim 6, wherein the angular loop has rounded corners. Laminated pane (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, in which the heating element (7) is in the form of two interconnected loops. Laminated pane (10) according to one of Claims 6 or 7, the loop width being selected as a function of the area of the camera window (2). Composite pane (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, in which the heating element (7) is arranged centrally within the camera window. Laminated pane (10) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the second surface (II) of the outer pane facing the intermediate layer has a second coating. Composite pane (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the camera window is free of coating. Laminated pane (10) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating (6) and/or the second electrically conductive, transparent coating have infrared-reflecting properties. The laminated pane (10) of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the laminated pane (10) is a windshield. 15 method for producing a composite pane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein at least
• die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.1) zumindest auf einen Teil der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (1) aufgebracht wird,• the first electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1) is applied to at least part of the first surface (III) of the inner pane (1),
• innerhalb des Kamerafensters die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.1) entfernt wird, • the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1) is removed inside the camera window,
• das elektrische Heizelement (7) innerhalb des Kamerafensters (2) aufgebracht wird, wobei das elektrische Heizelement (7) derart angeordnet wird, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an das elektrische Heizelement (7) ein Heizstrom zum Beheizen des Kamerafensters (2) durch das elektrische Heizelement (7) fließt, • the electrical heating element (7) is applied inside the camera window (2), the electrical heating element (7) being arranged in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied to the electrical heating element (7), a heating current for heating the camera window (2) flows through the electric heating element (7) flows,
• die erste Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (1) mit der elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung (6.1) über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (3) mit der Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe (4) verbunden wird. • the first surface (III) of the inner pane (1) with the electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1) is connected to the surface (II) of the outer pane (4) via the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3).
PCT/EP2022/052014 2021-02-05 2022-01-28 Composite pane comprising an electrically heatable camera window WO2022167333A1 (en)

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EP2200097A1 (en) 2008-12-16 2010-06-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France S.A. Method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device and system for patterning an object
WO2011069901A1 (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-16 Saint-Gobain Glass France Coated disk having a heatable communication window
DE102012018001A1 (en) * 2011-11-29 2013-05-29 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Transparent glass pane i.e. windscreen, for use in sensor-pane-unit of e.g. passenger car, has sensor region-collecting conductors electrically conductively connected with transparent, electrical conductive layer of sensor region
WO2017198362A1 (en) 2016-05-17 2017-11-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent panel
WO2021209433A1 (en) * 2020-04-15 2021-10-21 Saint-Gobain Glass France Pane having electrically heatable communication window for sensors and camera systems

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DE202022002754U1 (en) 2023-03-29

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