EP4288283A1 - Composite pane comprising an electrically heatable camera window - Google Patents

Composite pane comprising an electrically heatable camera window

Info

Publication number
EP4288283A1
EP4288283A1 EP22713291.7A EP22713291A EP4288283A1 EP 4288283 A1 EP4288283 A1 EP 4288283A1 EP 22713291 A EP22713291 A EP 22713291A EP 4288283 A1 EP4288283 A1 EP 4288283A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pane
electrically conductive
camera window
transparent coating
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22713291.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jefferson DO ROSARIO
Stephan GILLESSEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP4288283A1 publication Critical patent/EP4288283A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B32B17/10211—Doped dielectric layer, electrically conductive, e.g. SnO2:F
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    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10247—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons
    • B32B17/10256—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques
    • B32B17/10266—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques on glass pane
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    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
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    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
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    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
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    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laminated pane with an electrically heatable camera window, in particular for camera systems, a method for its production and its use.
  • Composite panes made of two or more glass or polymer panes are used in vehicles as windshields, rear windows, side windows and roof windows.
  • One or more functional coatings which have infrared-reflecting properties, anti-reflective properties or low-E properties can be arranged on individual sides of the panes.
  • Modern vehicles are increasingly being equipped with sensors, in particular with a large number of driver assistance systems with optical sensors. These include, for example, optical cameras, but also radar systems, ultrasonic sensors and light detection and ranging (LiDaR). Camera systems are placed in motor vehicles behind the windshield in the passenger compartment. They thus offer a good view of the area around the vehicle and can identify dangerous situations and obstacles in road traffic in good time.
  • optical sensors include, for example, optical cameras, but also radar systems, ultrasonic sensors and light detection and ranging (LiDaR).
  • LiDaR light detection and ranging
  • the camera system is usually protected from the effects of the weather by appropriate panes.
  • the panes should be as clean and free from fogging as possible to ensure the functionality of the sensors. Since fogging and icing have a significant effect on the transmission of electromagnetic waves, the pane should be cleared of them as quickly as possible. Wiping systems ensure that the pane is freed from water droplets and protective particles. However, they are unusable in icing conditions, which is why the affected pane segment, which serves as the field of view for the camera, has to be heated for a short period of time.
  • EP 1 605 729 A2 discloses an electrically heatable pane with a camera window.
  • the camera window is kept fog-free and ice-free with a heating device.
  • the heating element is laminated into the pane at the position of the camera window, with the heating element being located adjacent to a field of view.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a composite pane with an electrically heatable camera window that provides improved heating performance of the camera window.
  • the laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window comprises at least one outer pane and one inner pane, which are connected to one another over at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the outer pane has a first surface (I) facing away from the intermediate layer and a second surface (II) facing towards the intermediate layer.
  • the inner pane has a first surface (III) facing the intermediate layer and a second surface (IV) facing away from the intermediate layer.
  • the laminated pane comprises at least one optically transparent camera window and, inside the camera window, a first electrically conductive, transparent coating for heating the camera window.
  • the first coating is particularly preferably applied essentially over the entire surface of the first surface (III) of the inner pane within the camera window.
  • essentially means that the camera window can have additional communication windows with no coating and the values can deviate by up to 30%.
  • the first coating has bus bars provided for connection to a voltage source, which are arranged on two opposite sides of the camera window in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied to the bus bars, a current flows through the first coating.
  • the laminated pane of the present invention provides a significant improvement in the form of rapid heating of the camera window.
  • the direct arrangement of the low-impedance busbars in the camera window results in a homogeneous heat distribution and a fast-acting heat output within the camera window.
  • a composite pane according to the invention achieves significantly improved heating performance within the camera window compared to the previously known windshields.
  • the composite pane can be used in many ways: In the case of a composite pane as a window pane of a vehicle pane, it can be, for example, a roof pane, in particular a windshield, a rear pane or a side pane.
  • the laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window is used to separate an interior from an external environment. It includes the inner pane and outer pane.
  • all electrically insulating substrates that are thermally and chemically stable and dimensionally stable under the conditions of production and use of the laminated pane according to the invention are suitable as the inner pane and outer pane.
  • the inner pane and the outer pane preferably contain glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.
  • the inner pane and the outer pane are preferably transparent, particularly for use of the pane as a windshield or rear window of a vehicle or other uses where high light transmission is desired.
  • a pane that has a transmission in the visible spectral range of more than 70% is then understood to be transparent within the meaning of the invention.
  • the transmission can also be much lower, for example greater than 5%.
  • the thickness of the pane can vary widely and can thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • Panes with standard thicknesses of 1.0 mm to 25 mm, preferably 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm, are preferably used for vehicle glass.
  • the size of the disc can vary widely and depends on the size of the use according to the invention.
  • the inner pane and optionally the outer pane have areas of 200 cm 2 up to 20 m 2 , which are common in vehicle construction, for example.
  • the composite pane can have any three-dimensional shape.
  • the three-dimensional shape has no shadow zones so that it can be coated by, for example, sputtering.
  • the substrates are planar or slightly or greatly curved in one or more directions of space. In particular, planar substrates are used.
  • the discs can be colorless or colored.
  • the intermediate layer preferably contains at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer can also, for example, be polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene, or copolymers or mixtures thereof.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged one on top of the other, the thickness of a thermoplastic film preferably being from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
  • the first surface (III) of the inner pane and the second surface (II) of the outer pane face each other and are connected to one another via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the second surface (IV) of the inner pane and the first surface (I) of the outer pane face away from each other and from the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the camera window has an optical transparency, i.e. the transmission is in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1300 nm, preferably more than 70%.
  • the camera window preferably takes up less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5%, of the pane surface.
  • the camera window preferably has the shape of a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, a trapezium, a hexagon, an octagon, a cross, an oval or a circle.
  • the first electrically conductive coating is applied to the first surface (III) of the inner pane.
  • a further electrically conductive coating can also be applied to the second surface (II) of the outer pane.
  • Electrically conductive, transparent coatings according to the invention are known, for example, from EP 0 847 965 B1 or WO 2017/198362 A1. They typically contain one or more, for example two, three or four, electrically conductive, functional layers.
  • the functional layers preferably contain at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and/or chromium or a metal alloy.
  • the functional layers particularly preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal.
  • the functional layers can consist of the metal or the metal alloy.
  • the functional layers particularly preferably contain silver or an alloy containing silver. Such functional layers have a special advantageous electrical conductivity with simultaneous high transmission in the visible spectral range.
  • the thickness of a functional layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. In this range for the thickness of the functional layer, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved .
  • At least one dielectric layer is typically arranged in each case between two adjacent functional layers of the coating.
  • a further dielectric layer is preferably arranged below the first and/or above the last functional layer.
  • a dielectric layer contains at least a single layer of a dielectric material, for example containing a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide.
  • dielectric layers can also comprise a plurality of individual layers, for example individual layers of a dielectric material, smoothing layers, matching layers, blocking layers and/or antireflection layers.
  • the thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm.
  • This layer structure is generally obtained by a sequence of deposition operations carried out by a vacuum process such as magnetic field-assisted sputtering.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • SnO2:F fluorine-doped tin oxide
  • ZnO:Al aluminum-doped zinc oxide
  • the first electrically conductive, transparent coating can be any coating that can be electrically contacted and has sufficient transparency.
  • the electrically conductive coating is a layer or a layer structure of several individual layers with a total thickness of less than or equal to 2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m.
  • An advantageous electrically conductive coating according to the invention has a surface resistance of 0.4 ohms/square to 10 ohms/square.
  • the electrically conductive coating according to the invention has a surface resistance of 0.5 ohms/square to 1.5 ohms/square, in particular 1.3 ohms/square. Coatings with surface resistances of this type are particularly suitable for heating vehicle windows with typical on-board voltages of 12 V to 48 V or in electric vehicles with typical on-board voltages of up to 500 V.
  • the first electrically conductive, transparent coating has two busbars for electrical contacting. The electrical contact between the electrically conductive coating and the electrical power supply is made via the bus bars.
  • the busbars can be arranged in strips on two opposite sides of the first, electrically conductive coating. In particular, they can be designed as two strips running approximately parallel. The busbars are spaced at a maximum distance of 40 cm from each other.
  • the busbars can have a width of 2 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably 4 mm to 20 mm. Busbars of this type are technically easy to implement in the production process and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity, so that good results can be achieved with regard to rapid heating.
  • the length of the bus bar depends on the extent of the camera window or the area to be heated.
  • the length of the bus bars is typically substantially equal to the length of the side edge of the first electrically conductive transparent coating, but can also be slightly less. In the case of busbars of this type, the longer of its dimensions is referred to as the length and the shorter of its dimensions is referred to as the width. More than two busbars can also be arranged on the first electrically conductive coating, preferably in the edge area along two opposite side edges of the first electrically conductive, transparent coating.
  • the layer thickness of the printed bus bars is preferably from 5 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 8 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably from 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m.
  • Printed busbars with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.
  • the specific resistance p a of the bus bars is preferably from 0.8 pOhm.cm to 7.0 pOhm.cm and particularly preferably from 1.0 pOhm.cm to 2.5 pOhm.cm. Busbars with specific resistances in this range are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity. Good results are achieved with this.
  • the printed busbars preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metal compound and/or carbon, particularly preferably a precious metal and in particular silver.
  • the printing paste preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles and/or carbon and in particular precious metal particles such as silver particles.
  • the electrical conductivity is preferably achieved by the electrically conductive particles.
  • the particles can be in an organic and / or inorganic matrix such as pastes or inks, preferably as a printing paste with glass frits.
  • the bus bar can also be designed as a strip of an electrically conductive foil.
  • the busbar then contains, for example, at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or alloys thereof.
  • the strip preferably has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
  • Busbars made of electrically conductive foils with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.
  • the strip can be electrically conductively connected to the electrically conductive structure, for example via a soldering compound, via an electrically conductive adhesive or by direct application. These materials and their thicknesses are particularly advantageous with regard to the very good conductivity of the busbars.
  • the busbars are electrically contacted by one or more leads.
  • the supply line is preferably in the form of a flexible film conductor (flat conductor, ribbon conductor). This is understood to mean an electrical conductor whose width is significantly greater than its thickness.
  • a foil conductor is, for example, a strip or tape containing or consisting of copper, tinned copper, aluminum, silver, gold or alloys thereof.
  • the foil conductor has, for example, a width of 2 mm to 16 mm and a thickness of 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm.
  • the foil conductor can have an insulating, preferably polymeric, sheathing, for example based on polyimide.
  • Foil conductors that are suitable for contacting electrically conductive coatings in panes only have a total thickness of 0.3 mm, for example. Such thin foil conductors can be embedded without difficulty between the individual discs in the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • a foil conductor strip can contain several conductive layers that are electrically insulated from one another.
  • thin metal wires can also be used as the electrical supply line.
  • the metal wires contain in particular copper, tungsten, gold, silver or aluminum or alloys of at least two of these metals.
  • the alloys can also contain molybdenum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, palladium or platinum.
  • the laminated pane has a second electrically conductive, transparent coating on the first surface (III) of the inner pane, it being possible for the first and the second electrically conductive, transparent coating to be the same.
  • the first electrically conductive, transparent coating and the second electrically conductive, transparent coating exhibit infrared-reflecting properties.
  • the laminated pane according to the invention has a coating-free separating line for electrically isolating the first coating from the second coating.
  • the dividing line can border the camera window at least partially, in particular completely.
  • the first electrically conductive, transparent coating inside the camera window is separated from the second electrically conductive, transparent coating and is insulated from it without short circuits.
  • the second electrically conductive, transparent coating is then arranged outside the camera window on the first surface (III) of the inner pane.
  • the second electrically conductive, transparent coating can preferably be current-free. In particular, it is not intended as a heating layer.
  • the dividing line can have a width of 30 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, in particular from 80 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m.
  • the camera window has at least one coating-free communication window for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation, the communication window having an area of 10% to 30% of the area of the camera window.
  • the laminated pane is preferably a window pane of a vehicle which is inserted into or intended for a window opening of the vehicle body.
  • the present invention includes the laminated pane according to the invention as a windshield.
  • the inner pane and outer pane are laminated to one another via the intermediate layer, for example by autoclave methods, vacuum bag methods, vacuum ring methods, calendering methods, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof.
  • the outer pane and inner pane are usually connected under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure.
  • the inner pane designates that pane which is intended to face the interior of the vehicle in the installed position.
  • the outer pane designates that pane which is intended to face the outer surroundings of the vehicle in the installed position.
  • the present invention includes a method for producing the laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window, wherein
  • the first electrically conductive, transparent coating is applied to at least part of the first surface (III) of the inner pane
  • the two bus bars are applied to the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating on two opposite sides of the camera window, with the bus bars being arranged in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied to the bus bars, a current flows through the first coating,
  • the first surface (III) of the inner pane with the electrically conductive, transparent coating is connected to the surface (II) of the outer pane via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the electrically conductive coating of the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating can be applied by methods known per se, preferably by cathode sputtering supported by a magnetic field. This is particularly advantageous with regard to a simple, quick, inexpensive and uniform coating of the first pane.
  • the electrically conductive coating can also be applied, for example, by vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD) or by wet-chemical methods.
  • the bus bars are preferably applied by printing and baking an electrically conductive paste in a screen printing process or in an inkjet process.
  • the bus bar can be applied to the electrically conductive coating as a strip of an electrically conductive film, preferably laid on, soldered on or glued on.
  • the lateral shape is created by masking the fabric through which the printing paste with the metal particles is pressed.
  • the width of the busbar can be predetermined and varied in a particularly simple manner.
  • the production (decoating) of individual coating-free zones in the electrically conductive coating is preferably carried out using a laser beam.
  • Methods for structuring thin metal films are known, for example, from EP 2 200 097 A1.
  • the present invention includes the use of the composite pane according to the invention with a heatable camera window in vehicles, ships, airplanes and helicopters, preferably as a windscreen and/or rear window.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged representation of the camera window from FIG.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line AA' from Figure 2
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the camera window along line B-B' of Figure 2
  • FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the inventive laminated pane 10 with a heatable camera window 2.
  • the laminated pane 10 can serve as a windshield of a passenger car.
  • the camera window 2 is arranged in the middle of the upper edge area of the laminated pane 10 as a windshield.
  • the camera window 2 serves as a view for a camera 5 (FIG. 3) or a camera system.
  • the camera window 2 is defined as a region of the optical beam path of the camera 5 or of the camera system through the laminated pane 10, in particular an inner pane 1 (from FIG. 3).
  • a first electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 is applied completely inside the camera window 2.
  • the first electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 can hardly be perceived by the camera 5 and hardly interferes with the view through the laminated pane 10.
  • the lower edge of the composite pane 10 is arranged downwards in the direction of the engine of a passenger car, its upper edge (O) lying opposite the lower edge (U) is directed upwards in the direction of the roof.
  • the camera window 2 is arranged approximately in the middle near the upper edge (O).
  • Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of the camera window 2 from Figure 1.
  • Two busbars 7.1 and 7.2 are provided for electrical contacting of the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1, which are arranged on two opposite sides of the camera window in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied a current flows through the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 to the bus bars.
  • a first busbar 7.1 is arranged on the left edge area of the camera window 2 on the first, electrically conductive coating 6.1.
  • a second bus bar 7.2 is arranged on the right edge area of the camera window 2 on the first, electrically conductive coating 6.1.
  • the bus bars 7.1 and 7.2 contain silver particles. They were applied to the first, electrically conductive coating 6.1 using the screen printing process and then baked.
  • the length of the busbars 7.1 and 7.2 corresponds approximately to the edge length of the camera window 2. If an electrical voltage is applied to the busbars 7.1 and 7.2, a uniform electrical heating current (indicated by arrows) flows through the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1.
  • the camera window 2 is heated by the heating current.
  • Each busbar 7.1, 7.2 is electrically conductively connected to a foil conductor 8.1, 8.2, which connects the busbars 7.1, 7.2 to an electrical voltage source 9.
  • a first film conductor 8.1 is electrically conductively connected to the first bus bar 7.1 by means of a soldering compound, an electrically conductive adhesive or by simply lying on it and pressing it inside the laminated pane 10.
  • a second foil conductor 8.2 is electrically conductively connected to the second bus bar 8.2.
  • the foil conductors 8.1 and 8.2 contain, for example, a tinned copper foil with a width of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm.
  • the foil conductors 8.1 and 8.2 can also merge into connecting cables that are connected to the voltage source 9.
  • the voltage source 9 provides, for example, an on-board voltage that is customary for motor vehicles, preferably from 12 V to 15 V and, for example, about 14 V. Alternatively, the voltage source 9 can also have higher voltages, for example from 35 V to 45 V and in particular 42 V.
  • the busbars 7.1, 7.2 have a constant thickness of, for example, approximately 0.1 mm and a constant specific resistance of, for example, 2.3 pOhmrcm.
  • an electrical voltage is applied to the busbars 7.1, 7.2, an electrical current flows through the first coating 6.1.
  • the bus bars 7.1, 7.2 and their connections can be covered by an opaque color layer 11 (cover print).
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the composite pane 10 according to the invention from FIG. 1 along the section line AA′.
  • the laminated pane 10 comprises an inner pane 1 which is connected to an outer pane 4 via an intermediate layer 3 .
  • the intermediate layer 3 can have a film made of thermoplastic polymer, preferably EVA, PU, PVB or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof.
  • the intermediate layer 3 has an essentially constant thickness of 0.76 mm.
  • the intermediate layer 3 can have two films made of thermoplastic polymer, preferably EVA, PU or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof.
  • the inner pane 1 faces an interior, for example a vehicle interior.
  • the inner pane 1 and the outer pane 4 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass.
  • the outer pane 4 has a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example, and the inner pane 1 has a thickness of 1, 6 mm or 2.1 mm.
  • the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 is arranged on the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 facing the intermediate layer 3.
  • the first coating 6.1 can be electrically contacted via the two busbars 7.1, 7.2.
  • the color layer 11 frames the camera window 2 of the laminated pane 10.
  • a second electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.2 is also arranged outside of the communication window 2 on the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 facing the intermediate layer 3.
  • the first coating 6.1 is electrically insulated from the second coating 6.2 by a separating line 12 without a coating.
  • the dividing line 12 has a width of 70 ⁇ m, for example.
  • the camera window 2 is formed by the separating line 12, since the separating line 12 completely borders the first electrically conductive coating 6.1. No electrical connection to a voltage source is provided on the second electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.2. For this reason, no busbars are arranged on the second electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.2.
  • the camera window 2 can be any area of the laminated pane 10 or the inner pane 1 that has a high transmission for the corresponding optical and electromagnetic signals.
  • the camera window 2 is intended to provide an optical passage for the field of view of the camera 5 .
  • a coating-free communication window for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation for other sensors attached to the laminated pane 10 can be provided inside the camera window 2, wherein the communication window can have an area of 10% to 30% of the area of the camera window (2).
  • the camera window 2 is transparent, in particular optically.
  • the camera 5 aligned with the camera window 2 is located in an encapsulation attached to the inner pane 1 .
  • the first coating 6.1 and the second coating 6.2 are arranged on a surface (III) of the inner pane 1 that faces the intermediate layer 3.
  • the first coating 6.1 and the second coating 6.2 are identical in this embodiment.
  • the first and second electrically conductive coating 6.1, 6.2 are also sun protection coatings with preferably at least one electrically conductive layer based on a metal, in particular based on silver.
  • Such a sun protection coating has, in particular, reflective properties in the near infrared range, for example in the range from 800 nm to 1500 nm.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the heatable camera window 2.
  • the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 and a second surface (II) of the outer pane 4 face one another and are connected to one another via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.
  • a second surface (IV) of the inner pane 1 and a first surface (I) of the outer pane 4 face away from one another and from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 .
  • the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 is arranged on the surface (III) of the inner pane 1.
  • the first bus bar 7.1 is arranged on the left edge area of the camera window 2 on the first, electrically conductive coating 6.1.
  • the second bus bar 7.2 is arranged on the right edge area of the camera window 2 on the first, electrically conductive coating 6.1.
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing the laminated pane 10 with a heatable camera window 2.
  • the method comprises the following steps: • the first electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 is applied (101) to at least part of the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1,
  • the two bus bars 7.1, 7.2 are applied to the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 on two opposite sides of the camera window 2, the bus bars 7.1, 7.2 being arranged such that when an electrical voltage is applied to the
  • busbars 7.1, 7.2 a current flows through the first coating 6.1 (102),
  • the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 is connected to the electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 with the surface (II) of the outer pane 4 (103).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composite pane (10) comprising an electrically heatable camera window (2) and, inside the camera window (2), a first electrically conductive transparent coating (6.1) for heating the camera window (2), the first electrically conductive transparent coating (6.1) being located on the first surface (III) of the inner pane (1) inside the camera window (2) and having two busbars (7.1, 7.2) which are provided for connection to a voltage source (9) and are located on two opposite sides of the camera window (2) in such a way that, when an electrical voltage is applied to the busbars (7.1, 7.2), a current flows through the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1).

Description

Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster Composite pane with electrically heated camera window
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster, insbesondere für Kamerasysteme, ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung. The invention relates to a laminated pane with an electrically heatable camera window, in particular for camera systems, a method for its production and its use.
Verbundscheiben aus zwei oder mehreren gläsernen oder polymeren Scheiben werden in Fahrzeugen als Windschutzscheiben, Heckscheiben, Seitenscheiben und Dachscheiben eingesetzt. Auf einzelnen Seiten der Scheiben kann eine oder mehrere funktionelle Beschichtung angeordnet sein, die infrarotreflektierende Eigenschaften, antireflex- Eigenschaften oder Low-E-Eigenschaften aufweisen. Composite panes made of two or more glass or polymer panes are used in vehicles as windshields, rear windows, side windows and roof windows. One or more functional coatings which have infrared-reflecting properties, anti-reflective properties or low-E properties can be arranged on individual sides of the panes.
Moderne Fahrzeuge werden zunehmend mit Sensoren ausgestattet, insbesondere mit einer Vielzahl von Fahrerassistenzsystemen mit optischen Sensoren. Hierzu zählen zum Beispiel optische Kameras, aber auch Radarsysteme, Ultraschallsensoren sowie Light Detection and Ranging (LiDaR). Kamerasysteme werden in Kraftfahrzeugen hinter der Windschutzscheibe im Fahrgastraum platziert. Damit bieten sie eine gute Sicht auf die Umgebung des Fahrzeugs und können im Straßenverkehr Gefahrensituationen und Hindernisse rechtzeitig erkennen. Modern vehicles are increasingly being equipped with sensors, in particular with a large number of driver assistance systems with optical sensors. These include, for example, optical cameras, but also radar systems, ultrasonic sensors and light detection and ranging (LiDaR). Camera systems are placed in motor vehicles behind the windshield in the passenger compartment. They thus offer a good view of the area around the vehicle and can identify dangerous situations and obstacles in road traffic in good time.
Üblicherweise wird das Kamerasystem durch entsprechende Scheiben vor Witterungseinflüssen geschützt, dabei sollten die Scheiben möglichst sauber und beschlagsfrei sein und damit Funktionalität der Sensoren gewährleisten. Da Beschlag und Vereisungen die Transmission von elektromagnetischen Wellen deutlich beeinflussen, sollte die Scheibe möglichst schnell davon befreit werden. Wischsysteme gewährleisten, dass die Scheibe von Wassertropfen und Schutzpartikeln befreit werden. Bei Vereisungen sind sie allerdings unbrauchbar, deshalb ist bei Bedarf eine kurzfristige Aufheizung des betroffenen Scheibensegments, das für die Kamera als Sichtfeld dient, notwendig. The camera system is usually protected from the effects of the weather by appropriate panes. The panes should be as clean and free from fogging as possible to ensure the functionality of the sensors. Since fogging and icing have a significant effect on the transmission of electromagnetic waves, the pane should be cleared of them as quickly as possible. Wiping systems ensure that the pane is freed from water droplets and protective particles. However, they are unusable in icing conditions, which is why the affected pane segment, which serves as the field of view for the camera, has to be heated for a short period of time.
EP 1 605 729 A2 offenbart eine elektrisch beheizbare Scheibe mit einem Kamerafenster. Das Kamerafenster wird über eine Heizvorrichtung beschlags- und eisfrei gehalten. Das Heizelement wird an der Position des Kamerafensters in die Scheibe einlaminiert, wobei das Heizelement benachbart zu einem Sichtfeld angeordnet ist. Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, eine Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster bereitzustellen, die eine verbesserte Heizleistung des Kamerafensters bereitstellt. EP 1 605 729 A2 discloses an electrically heatable pane with a camera window. The camera window is kept fog-free and ice-free with a heating device. The heating element is laminated into the pane at the position of the camera window, with the heating element being located adjacent to a field of view. The object of the present invention is to provide a composite pane with an electrically heatable camera window that provides improved heating performance of the camera window.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungen gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor. The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a laminated pane with an electrically heatable camera window according to claim 1 . Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster umfasst mindestens eine Außenscheibe und eine Innenscheibe, die über mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht miteinander flächig verbunden sind. Die Außenscheibe weist eine erste, von der Zwischenschicht abgewandte Oberfläche (I) und eine zweite, zur der Zwischenschicht hingewandete Oberfläche (II). Die Innescheibe weist eine erste, zur Zwischenschicht hingewandte Oberfläche (III) sowie eine zweite, von der Zwischenschicht abgewandete Oberfläche (IV) auf. Weiterhin umfasst die Verbundscheibe mindestens ein optisch transparentes Kamerafenster und innerhalb des Kamerafensters eine erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung zum Beheizen des Kamerafensters. The laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window comprises at least one outer pane and one inner pane, which are connected to one another over at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer. The outer pane has a first surface (I) facing away from the intermediate layer and a second surface (II) facing towards the intermediate layer. The inner pane has a first surface (III) facing the intermediate layer and a second surface (IV) facing away from the intermediate layer. Furthermore, the laminated pane comprises at least one optically transparent camera window and, inside the camera window, a first electrically conductive, transparent coating for heating the camera window.
Die erste Beschichtung ist besonders bevorzugt im Wesentlichen vollflächig auf der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe innerhalb des Kamerafensters angebracht. Im Wesentlichen bedeutet im Rahmen der hier vorliegenden Erfindung, dass das Kamerafenster zusätzliche entschichtete Kommunikationsfenster aufweisen kann und die Werte um bis zu 30% abweichen können. Die erste Beschichtung weist zum Anschluss an eine Spannungsquelle vorgesehene Sammelleiter auf, die an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Kamerafensters derart angeordnet sind, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an die Sammelleiter ein Strom durch die erste Beschichtung fließt. The first coating is particularly preferably applied essentially over the entire surface of the first surface (III) of the inner pane within the camera window. In the context of the present invention, essentially means that the camera window can have additional communication windows with no coating and the values can deviate by up to 30%. The first coating has bus bars provided for connection to a voltage source, which are arranged on two opposite sides of the camera window in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied to the bus bars, a current flows through the first coating.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe weist eine signifikante Verbesserung in Form einer schnellen Beheizung des Kamerafensters auf. Durch die direkte Anordnung der niederohmigen Sammelleiter im Kamerafenster erreicht man eine homogene Wärmeverteilung sowie eine schnell wirkende Heizleistung innerhalb des Kamerafensters. The laminated pane of the present invention provides a significant improvement in the form of rapid heating of the camera window. The direct arrangement of the low-impedance busbars in the camera window results in a homogeneous heat distribution and a fast-acting heat output within the camera window.
Überraschend hat sich gezeigt, dass eine solche erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe gegenüber den bisher bekannten Windschutzscheiben deutlich verbesserte Heizleistung innerhalb des Kamerafensters erzielt. Die Verbundscheibe kann vielfältig eingesetzt werden: Im Falle einer Verbundscheibe als Fensterscheibe eines Fahrzeugscheibe, kann sie beispielsweise eine Dachscheibe, insbesondere eine Windschutzscheibe, eine Heckscheibe oder eine Seitenscheibe sein. Surprisingly, it has been shown that such a composite pane according to the invention achieves significantly improved heating performance within the camera window compared to the previously known windshields. The composite pane can be used in many ways: In the case of a composite pane as a window pane of a vehicle pane, it can be, for example, a roof pane, in particular a windshield, a rear pane or a side pane.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster dient zur Abtrennung eines Innenraums von einer äußeren Umgebung. Sie umfasst die Innenscheibe und Außenscheibe. Als Innenscheibe und Außenscheibe sind im Grunde alle elektrisch isolierenden Substrate geeignet, die unter den Bedingungen der Herstellung und der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe thermisch und chemisch stabil sowie dimensionsstabil sind. The laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window is used to separate an interior from an external environment. It includes the inner pane and outer pane. In principle, all electrically insulating substrates that are thermally and chemically stable and dimensionally stable under the conditions of production and use of the laminated pane according to the invention are suitable as the inner pane and outer pane.
Die Innenscheibe und die Außenscheibe enthalten bevorzugt Glas, besonders bevorzugt Flachglas, Floatglas, Quarzglas, Borosilikatglas, Kalk-Natron-Glas, oder klare Kunststoffe, vorzugsweise starre klare Kunststoffe, insbesondere Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polycarbonat, Polymethylmethacrylat, Polystyrol, Polyamid, Polyester, Polyvinylchlorid und/oder Gemische davon. Die Innenscheibe und die Außenscheibe sind bevorzugt transparent, insbesondere für die Verwendung der Scheibe als Windschutzscheide oder Rückscheibe eines Fahrzeugs oder anderen Verwendungen, bei denen eine hohe Lichttransmission erwünscht ist. The inner pane and the outer pane preferably contain glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof. The inner pane and the outer pane are preferably transparent, particularly for use of the pane as a windshield or rear window of a vehicle or other uses where high light transmission is desired.
Als transparent im Sinne der Erfindung wird dann eine Scheibe verstanden, die eine Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich von größer 70 % aufweist. Für Scheiben, die nicht im verkehrsrelevanten Sichtfeld des Fahrers liegen, beispielsweise für Dachscheiben, kann die Transmission aber auch viel geringer sein, beispielsweise größer als 5 %. A pane that has a transmission in the visible spectral range of more than 70% is then understood to be transparent within the meaning of the invention. However, for panes that are not in the driver's field of vision relevant to traffic, for example for roof panes, the transmission can also be much lower, for example greater than 5%.
Die Dicke der Scheibe kann breit variieren und so hervorragend den Erfordernissen des Einzelfalls angepasst werden. Vorzugsweise werden Scheiben mit den Standardstärken von 1 ,0 mm bis 25 mm, bevorzugt von 1 ,4 mm bis 2,5 mm für Fahrzeugglas verwendet. Die Größe der Scheibe kann breit variieren und richtet sich nach der Größe der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung. Die Innenscheibe und gegebenenfalls die Außenscheibe weisen beispielsweise im Fahrzeugbau übliche Flächen von 200 cm2 bis zu 20 m2 auf. The thickness of the pane can vary widely and can thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Panes with standard thicknesses of 1.0 mm to 25 mm, preferably 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm, are preferably used for vehicle glass. The size of the disc can vary widely and depends on the size of the use according to the invention. The inner pane and optionally the outer pane have areas of 200 cm 2 up to 20 m 2 , which are common in vehicle construction, for example.
Die Verbundscheibe kann eine beliebige dreidimensionale Form aufweisen. Vorzugsweise hat die dreidimensionale Form keine Schattenzonen, so dass sie beispielsweise durch Kathodenzerstäubung beschichtet werden kann. Bevorzugt sind die Substrate planar oder leicht oder stark in einer Richtung oder in mehreren Richtungen des Raumes gebogen. Insbesondere werden planare Substrate verwendet. Die Scheiben können farblos oder gefärbt sein. Die Zwischenschicht enthält vorzugsweise mindestens einen thermoplastischen Kunststoff, bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA) und/oder Polyethylenterephthalat (PET). Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht kann aber auch beispielsweise Polyurethan (PU), Polypropylen (PP), Polyacrylat, Polyethylen (PE), Polycarbonat (PC), Polymethylmetacrylat, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyacetatharz, Gießharze, Acrylate, fluorinierte Ethylen-Propylene, Polyvinylfluorid und/oder Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen, oder Copolymere oder Gemische davon enthalten. Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht kann durch eine oder auch durch mehrere übereinander angeordnete thermoplastische Folien ausgebildet werden, wobei die Dicke einer thermoplastischen Folie bevorzugt von 0,25 mm bis 1 mm beträgt, typischerweise 0,38 mm oder 0,76 mm. The composite pane can have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the three-dimensional shape has no shadow zones so that it can be coated by, for example, sputtering. Preferably, the substrates are planar or slightly or greatly curved in one or more directions of space. In particular, planar substrates are used. The discs can be colorless or colored. The intermediate layer preferably contains at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also, for example, be polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene, or copolymers or mixtures thereof. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged one on top of the other, the thickness of a thermoplastic film preferably being from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
Die erste Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe und die zweite Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe sind einander zugewandt und über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht miteinander verbunden. Die zweite Oberfläche (IV) der Innenscheibe und die erste Oberfläche (I) der Außenscheibe sind voneinander und von der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht abgewandt. The first surface (III) of the inner pane and the second surface (II) of the outer pane face each other and are connected to one another via the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The second surface (IV) of the inner pane and the first surface (I) of the outer pane face away from each other and from the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
Das Kamerafenster weist eine optische Transparenz auf, d.h. die Transmission beträgt im Wellenlängenbereich von 400 nm bis 1300 nm, bevorzugt mehr als 70 %. Das Kamerafenster nimmt bevorzugt weniger als 10%, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 5% der Scheibenoberfläche ein. Vorzugsweise weist das Kamerafenster die Form eines Quadrats, eines Rechtecks, einer Raute, eines Trapezes, eines Hexagons, eines Oktagons, eines Kreuzes, eines Ovals oder eines Kreises auf. The camera window has an optical transparency, i.e. the transmission is in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1300 nm, preferably more than 70%. The camera window preferably takes up less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5%, of the pane surface. The camera window preferably has the shape of a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, a trapezium, a hexagon, an octagon, a cross, an oval or a circle.
Die erste elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung ist auf der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe aufgebracht. Zusätzlich kann auch auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe eine weitere elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung aufgebracht sein. The first electrically conductive coating is applied to the first surface (III) of the inner pane. In addition, a further electrically conductive coating can also be applied to the second surface (II) of the outer pane.
Erfindungsgemäße elektrische leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung sind beispielsweise aus EP 0 847 965 B1 oder WO 2017/198362 A1 bekannt. Sie enthalten typischerweise eine oder mehrere, beispielsweise zwei, drei oder vier elektrisch leitfähige, funktionelle Schichten. Die funktionellen Schichten enthalten bevorzugt zumindest ein Metall, beispielsweise Silber, Gold, Kupfer, Nickel und/oder Chrom oder eine Metalllegierung. Die funktionellen Schichten enthalten besonders bevorzugt mindestens 90 Gew. % des Metalls, insbesondere mindestens 99,9 Gew. % des Metalls. Die funktionellen Schichten können aus dem Metall oder der Metalllegierung bestehen. Die funktionellen Schichten enthalten besonders bevorzugt Silber oder eine silberhaltige Legierung. Solche funktionellen Schichten weisen eine besonders vorteilhafte elektrische Leitfähigkeit bei gleichzeitiger hoher Transmission im sichtbaren Spektral bereich auf. Die Dicke einer funktionellen Schicht beträgt bevorzugt von 5 nm bis 50 nm, besonders bevorzugt von 8 nm bis 25 nm. In diesem Bereich für die Dicke der funktionellen Schicht wird eine vorteilhaft hohe Transmission im sichtbaren Spektral be re ich und eine besonders vorteilhafte elektrische Leitfähigkeit erreicht. Electrically conductive, transparent coatings according to the invention are known, for example, from EP 0 847 965 B1 or WO 2017/198362 A1. They typically contain one or more, for example two, three or four, electrically conductive, functional layers. The functional layers preferably contain at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and/or chromium or a metal alloy. The functional layers particularly preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal. The functional layers can consist of the metal or the metal alloy. The functional layers particularly preferably contain silver or an alloy containing silver. Such functional layers have a special advantageous electrical conductivity with simultaneous high transmission in the visible spectral range. The thickness of a functional layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. In this range for the thickness of the functional layer, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved .
Typischerweise ist jeweils zwischen zwei benachbarten funktionellen Schichten der Beschichtung zumindest eine dielektrische Schicht angeordnet. Bevorzugt ist unterhalb der ersten und/oder oberhalb der letzten funktionellen Schicht eine weitere dielektrische Schicht angeordnet. Eine dielektrische Schicht enthält zumindest eine Einzelschicht aus einem dielektrischen Material, beispielsweise enthaltend ein Nitrid wie Siliziumnitrid oder ein Oxid wie Aluminiumoxid. Dielektrische Schichten können aber auch mehrere Einzelschichten umfassen, beispielsweise Einzelschichten eines dielektrischen Materials, Glättungsschichten, Anpassungsschichten, Blockerschichten und/oder Antireflexionsschichten. Die Dicke einer dielektrischen Schicht beträgt beispielsweise von 10 nm bis 200 nm. At least one dielectric layer is typically arranged in each case between two adjacent functional layers of the coating. A further dielectric layer is preferably arranged below the first and/or above the last functional layer. A dielectric layer contains at least a single layer of a dielectric material, for example containing a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide. However, dielectric layers can also comprise a plurality of individual layers, for example individual layers of a dielectric material, smoothing layers, matching layers, blocking layers and/or antireflection layers. The thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm.
Dieser Schichtaufbau wird im Allgemeinen durch eine Folge von Abscheidevorgängen erhalten, die durch ein Vakuumverfahren wie die magnetfeldgestützte Kathodenzerstäubung durchgeführt werden. This layer structure is generally obtained by a sequence of deposition operations carried out by a vacuum process such as magnetic field-assisted sputtering.
Weitere geeignete elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtungen enthalten bevorzugt Indium-Zinnoxid (ITO), fluordotiertes Zinnoxid (SnO2:F) oder aluminiumdotiertes Zinkoxid (ZnO:AI). Other suitable electrically conductive coatings preferably contain indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F) or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al).
Die erste elektrische leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung kann prinzipiell jede Beschichtung sein, die elektrisch kontaktiert werden kann und eine ausreichende Transparenz aufweist. In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung eine Schicht oder ein Schichtaufbau mehrerer Einzelschichten mit einer Gesamtdicke von kleiner oder gleich 2 pm, besonders bevorzugt kleiner oder gleich 1 pm. In principle, the first electrically conductive, transparent coating can be any coating that can be electrically contacted and has sufficient transparency. In an advantageous embodiment, the electrically conductive coating is a layer or a layer structure of several individual layers with a total thickness of less than or equal to 2 μm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 1 μm.
Eine vorteilhafte erfindungsgemäße elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung weist einen Flächenwiderstand von 0,4 Ohm/Quadrat bis 10 Ohm/Quadrat auf. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weist die erfindungsgemäße elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung einen Flächenwiderstand von 0,5 Ohm/Quadrat bis 1 ,5 Ohm/Quadrat, insbesondere 1 ,3 Ohm/Quadrat auf. Beschichtungen mit derartigen Flächenwiderständen eignen sich besonders zur Beheizung von Fahrzeugscheiben bei typischen Bordspannungen von 12 V bis 48 V oder bei Elektrofahrzeugen mit typischen Bordspannungen von bis zu 500 V. Die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung weist zwei Sammelleiter zur elektrischen Kontaktierung auf. Über die Sammelleiter erfolgt der elektrische Kontakt der elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung zur elektrischen Stromversorgung. Die Sammelleiter können streifenförmig an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten der ersten, elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung angeordnet sein. Insbesondere können sie als zwei, näherungsweise parallel verlaufende Streifen ausgebildet sein. Die Sammelleiter sind mit einem maximalen Abstand von 40 cm zueinander beabstandet. An advantageous electrically conductive coating according to the invention has a surface resistance of 0.4 ohms/square to 10 ohms/square. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the electrically conductive coating according to the invention has a surface resistance of 0.5 ohms/square to 1.5 ohms/square, in particular 1.3 ohms/square. Coatings with surface resistances of this type are particularly suitable for heating vehicle windows with typical on-board voltages of 12 V to 48 V or in electric vehicles with typical on-board voltages of up to 500 V. The first electrically conductive, transparent coating has two busbars for electrical contacting. The electrical contact between the electrically conductive coating and the electrical power supply is made via the bus bars. The busbars can be arranged in strips on two opposite sides of the first, electrically conductive coating. In particular, they can be designed as two strips running approximately parallel. The busbars are spaced at a maximum distance of 40 cm from each other.
Die Sammelleiter können eine Breite von 2 mm bis 30 mm, besonders bevorzugt von 4 mm bis 20 mm, aufweisen. Derartige Sammelleiter sind im Herstellungsverfahren technisch gut umsetzbar und weisen eine vorteilhafte Stromtragfähigkeit auf, sodass dadurch gute Ergebnisse in Hinblick auf eine zügige Erwärmung erziel werden. Die Länge des Sammelleiters richtet sich nach der Ausdehnung des Kamerafensters beziehungsweise der zu beheizenden Fläche. Die Länge der Sammelleiter ist typischerweise im Wesentlichen gleich der Länge der Seitenkante der ersten elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung, kann aber auch leicht kleiner sein. Bei derartigen Sammelleitern wird die längere seiner Dimension als Länge und die weniger lange seiner Dimension als Breite bezeichnet. Es können auch mehr als zwei Sammelleiter auf der ersten elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung angeordnet sein, bevorzugt im Randbereich entlang zweier gegenüberliegenden Seitenkanten der ersten elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung. The busbars can have a width of 2 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably 4 mm to 20 mm. Busbars of this type are technically easy to implement in the production process and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity, so that good results can be achieved with regard to rapid heating. The length of the bus bar depends on the extent of the camera window or the area to be heated. The length of the bus bars is typically substantially equal to the length of the side edge of the first electrically conductive transparent coating, but can also be slightly less. In the case of busbars of this type, the longer of its dimensions is referred to as the length and the shorter of its dimensions is referred to as the width. More than two busbars can also be arranged on the first electrically conductive coating, preferably in the edge area along two opposite side edges of the first electrically conductive, transparent coating.
Die Schichtdicke der aufgedruckten Sammelleiter beträgt bevorzugt von 5 pm bis 40 pm, besonders bevorzugt von 8 pm bis 20 pm und ganz besonders bevorzugt von 8 pm bis 12 pm. Aufgedruckte Sammelleiter mit diesen Dicken sind technisch einfach zu realisieren und weisen eine vorteilhafte Stromtragfähigkeit auf. Der spezifische Widerstand pa der Sammelleiter beträgt bevorzugt von 0.8 pOhnrcm bis 7.0 pOhn cm und besonders bevorzugt von 1.0 pOhnrcm bis 2.5 pOhnrcm. Sammelleiter mit spezifischen Widerständen in diesem Bereich sind technisch einfach zu realisieren und weisen eine vorteilhafte Stromtragfähigkeit auf. Damit werden gute Ergebnisse erzielt. The layer thickness of the printed bus bars is preferably from 5 μm to 40 μm, particularly preferably from 8 μm to 20 μm and very particularly preferably from 8 μm to 12 μm. Printed busbars with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity. The specific resistance p a of the bus bars is preferably from 0.8 pOhm.cm to 7.0 pOhm.cm and particularly preferably from 1.0 pOhm.cm to 2.5 pOhm.cm. Busbars with specific resistances in this range are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity. Good results are achieved with this.
In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung enthalten die aufgedruckten Sammelleiter bevorzugt zumindest ein Metall, eine Metalllegierung, eine Metallverbindung und/oder Kohlenstoff, besonders bevorzugt ein Edelmetall und insbesondere Silber. Die Druckpaste enthält bevorzugt metallische Partikel, Metallpartikel und/oder Kohlenstoff und insbesondere Edelmetallpartikel wie Silberpartikel. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit wird bevorzugt durch die elektrisch leitenden Partikel erzielt. Die Partikel können sich in einer organischen und/oder anorganischen Matrix wie Pasten oder Tinten befinden, bevorzugt als Druckpaste mit Glasfritten. Alternativ kann der Sammelleiter aber auch als Streifen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Folie ausgebildet sein. Der Sammelleiter enthält dann beispielsweise zumindest Aluminium, Kupfer, verzinntes Kupfer, Gold, Silber, Zink, Wolfram und/oder Zinn oder Legierungen davon. Der Streifen hat bevorzugt eine Dicke von 10 pm bis 500 pm, besonders bevorzugt von 30 pm bis 300 pm. In one embodiment of the invention, the printed busbars preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metal compound and/or carbon, particularly preferably a precious metal and in particular silver. The printing paste preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles and/or carbon and in particular precious metal particles such as silver particles. The electrical conductivity is preferably achieved by the electrically conductive particles. The particles can be in an organic and / or inorganic matrix such as pastes or inks, preferably as a printing paste with glass frits. Alternatively, the bus bar can also be designed as a strip of an electrically conductive foil. The busbar then contains, for example, at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or alloys thereof. The strip preferably has a thickness of 10 μm to 500 μm, particularly preferably 30 μm to 300 μm.
Sammelleiter aus elektrisch leitfähigen Folien mit diesen Dicken sind technisch einfach zu realisieren und weisen eine vorteilhafte Stromtragfähigkeit auf. Der Streifen kann mit der elektrisch leitfähigen Struktur beispielsweise über eine Lotmasse, über einen elektrisch leitfähigen Kleber oder durch direktes Auflegen elektrisch leitend verbunden sein. Diese Materialien und ihre Dicken sind besonders vorteilhaft im Hinblick auf sehr gut Leitfähigkeit der Sammelleiter. Busbars made of electrically conductive foils with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity. The strip can be electrically conductively connected to the electrically conductive structure, for example via a soldering compound, via an electrically conductive adhesive or by direct application. These materials and their thicknesses are particularly advantageous with regard to the very good conductivity of the busbars.
Die Sammelleiter werden durch eine oder mehrere Zuleitungen elektrisch kontaktiert. Die Zuleitung ist bevorzugt als flexibler Folienleiter (Flachleiter, Flachbandleiter) ausgebildet. Darunter wird ein elektrischer Leiter verstanden, dessen Breite deutlich größer ist als seine Dicke. Ein solcher Folienleiter ist beispielsweise ein Streifen oder Band, enthaltend oder bestehend aus Kupfer, verzinntem Kupfer, Aluminium, Silber, Gold oder Legierungen davon. Der Folienleiter weist beispielsweise eine Breite von 2 mm bis 16 mm und eine Dicke von 0,03 mm bis 0,1 mm auf. Der Folienleiter kann eine isolierende, bevorzugt polymere Ummantelung, beispielsweise auf Polyimid-Basis aufweisen. Folienleiter, die sich zur Kontaktierung von elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtungen in Scheiben eignen, weisen lediglich eine Gesamtdicke von beispielsweise 0,3 mm auf. Derart dünne Folienleiter können ohne Schwierigkeiten zwischen den einzelnen Scheiben in der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht eingebettet werden. In einem Folienleiterband können sich mehrere voneinander elektrisch isolierte, leitfähige Schichten befinden. The busbars are electrically contacted by one or more leads. The supply line is preferably in the form of a flexible film conductor (flat conductor, ribbon conductor). This is understood to mean an electrical conductor whose width is significantly greater than its thickness. Such a foil conductor is, for example, a strip or tape containing or consisting of copper, tinned copper, aluminum, silver, gold or alloys thereof. The foil conductor has, for example, a width of 2 mm to 16 mm and a thickness of 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm. The foil conductor can have an insulating, preferably polymeric, sheathing, for example based on polyimide. Foil conductors that are suitable for contacting electrically conductive coatings in panes only have a total thickness of 0.3 mm, for example. Such thin foil conductors can be embedded without difficulty between the individual discs in the thermoplastic intermediate layer. A foil conductor strip can contain several conductive layers that are electrically insulated from one another.
Alternativ können auch dünne Metalldrähte als elektrische Zuleitung verwendet werden. Die Metalldrähte enthalten insbesondere Kupfer, Wolfram, Gold, Silber oder Aluminium oder Legierungen mindestens zweier dieser Metalle. Die Legierungen können auch Molybdän, Rhenium, Osmium, Iridium, Palladium oder Platin enthalten. Alternatively, thin metal wires can also be used as the electrical supply line. The metal wires contain in particular copper, tungsten, gold, silver or aluminum or alloys of at least two of these metals. The alloys can also contain molybdenum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, palladium or platinum.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist die Verbundscheibe eine zweite elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung auf der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe auf, wobei die erste und die zweite elektrische leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung gleich sein können. Zusätzlich können die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung und die zweite elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung infrarotreflektierende Eigenschaften aufweisen. In a further configuration, the laminated pane has a second electrically conductive, transparent coating on the first surface (III) of the inner pane, it being possible for the first and the second electrically conductive, transparent coating to be the same. In addition, the first electrically conductive, transparent coating and the second electrically conductive, transparent coating exhibit infrared-reflecting properties.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe eine beschichtungsfreie Trennlinie zur elektrischen Isolierung der ersten Beschichtung von der zweiten Beschichtung auf. Dabei kann die Trennlinie das Kamerafenster zumindest teilweise, insbesondere vollständig umranden. Dadurch ist die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung innerhalb des Kamerafensters von der zweiten elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung getrennt und kurzschlussfrei von dieser isoliert. Die zweite elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung ist dann außerhalb des Kamerafensters auf der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe angeordnet. Bevorzugt kann die zweite elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung stromfrei sein. Insbesondere ist sie als Heizschicht nicht vorgesehen. Die Trennlinie kann eine Breite von 30 pm bis 200 pm, insbesondere von 80 pm bis 120pm, aufweisen. In an advantageous embodiment, the laminated pane according to the invention has a coating-free separating line for electrically isolating the first coating from the second coating. The dividing line can border the camera window at least partially, in particular completely. As a result, the first electrically conductive, transparent coating inside the camera window is separated from the second electrically conductive, transparent coating and is insulated from it without short circuits. The second electrically conductive, transparent coating is then arranged outside the camera window on the first surface (III) of the inner pane. The second electrically conductive, transparent coating can preferably be current-free. In particular, it is not intended as a heating layer. The dividing line can have a width of 30 μm to 200 μm, in particular from 80 μm to 120 μm.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist das Kamerafenster mindestens ein beschichtungsfreies Kommunikationsfenster zur Transmission von elektromagnetischer Strahlung auf, wobei das Kommunikationsfenster eine Fläche von 10% bis 30% der Fläche des Kamerafensters aufweist. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the camera window has at least one coating-free communication window for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation, the communication window having an area of 10% to 30% of the area of the camera window.
Die Verbundscheibe ist bevorzugt eine Fensterscheibe eines Fahrzeugs, die in eine Fensteröffnung der Fahrzeugkarosserie eingesetzt ist oder dafür vorgesehen ist. The laminated pane is preferably a window pane of a vehicle which is inserted into or intended for a window opening of the vehicle body.
In einem weiteren Aspekt umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe als Windschutzscheibe. In a further aspect, the present invention includes the laminated pane according to the invention as a windshield.
Die Innenscheibe und Außenscheibe werden über die Zwischenschicht miteinander laminiert, beispielsweise durch Autoklavverfahren, Vakuumsackverfahren, Vakuumringverfahren, Kalanderverfahren, Vakuumlaminatoren oder Kombinationen davon. Die Verbindung von Außenscheibe und Innenscheibe erfolgt dabei üblicherweise unter Einwirkung von Hitze, Vakuum und/oder Druck. The inner pane and outer pane are laminated to one another via the intermediate layer, for example by autoclave methods, vacuum bag methods, vacuum ring methods, calendering methods, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof. The outer pane and inner pane are usually connected under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure.
Mit Innenscheibe wird diejenige Scheibe bezeichnet, welche dafür vorgesehen ist, in Einbaulage dem Innenraum des Fahrzeugs zugewandt zu sein. Mit Außenscheibe wird diejenige Scheibe bezeichnet, welche dafür vorgesehen ist, in Einbaulage der äußeren Umgebung des Fahrzeugs zugewandt zu sein. In einem weiteren Aspekt umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster, wobeiThe inner pane designates that pane which is intended to face the interior of the vehicle in the installed position. The outer pane designates that pane which is intended to face the outer surroundings of the vehicle in the installed position. In a further aspect, the present invention includes a method for producing the laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window, wherein
• die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung zumindest auf einen Teil der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe aufgebracht wird,• the first electrically conductive, transparent coating is applied to at least part of the first surface (III) of the inner pane,
• die zwei Sammelleiter auf der ersten, elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Kamerafensters aufgebracht werden, wobei die Sammelleiter derart angeordnet sind, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an die Sammelleiter ein Strom durch die erste Beschichtung fließt, • the two bus bars are applied to the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating on two opposite sides of the camera window, with the bus bars being arranged in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied to the bus bars, a current flows through the first coating,
• die erste Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe mit der elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht mit der Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe verbunden wird. • the first surface (III) of the inner pane with the electrically conductive, transparent coating is connected to the surface (II) of the outer pane via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
Das Aufbringen der elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung der ersten, elektrischen leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung kann durch an sich bekannte Verfahren erfolgen, bevorzugt durch magnetfeldunterstützte Kathodenzerstäubung. Das ist besonders vorteilhaft im Hinblick auf eine einfache, schnelle, kostengünstige und gleichmäßige Beschichtung der ersten Scheibe. Die elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung kann aber auch beispielsweise durch Aufdampfen, chemische Gasphasenabscheidung (chemical vapour deposition, CVD), plasmagestützte Gasphasenabscheidung (PECVD) oder durch nasschemische Verfahren aufgebracht werden. The electrically conductive coating of the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating can be applied by methods known per se, preferably by cathode sputtering supported by a magnetic field. This is particularly advantageous with regard to a simple, quick, inexpensive and uniform coating of the first pane. However, the electrically conductive coating can also be applied, for example, by vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD) or by wet-chemical methods.
Das Aufbringen der Sammelleiter erfolgt bevorzugt durch Aufdrucken und Einbrennen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Paste in einem Siebdruckverfahren oder in einem Inkjet-Verfahren. Alternativ kann der Sammelleiter als Streifen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Folie auf die elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung aufgebracht, bevorzugt aufgelegt, angelötet oder angeklebt werden. The bus bars are preferably applied by printing and baking an electrically conductive paste in a screen printing process or in an inkjet process. Alternatively, the bus bar can be applied to the electrically conductive coating as a strip of an electrically conductive film, preferably laid on, soldered on or glued on.
Bei Siebdruckverfahren erfolgt die laterale Formgebung durch die Maskierung des Gewebes, durch das die Druckpaste mit den Metallpartikeln gedrückt wird. Durch eine geeignete Formgebung der Maskierung kann beispielsweise die Breite des Sammelleiters besonders einfach vorgeben und variiert werden. In the screen printing process, the lateral shape is created by masking the fabric through which the printing paste with the metal particles is pressed. By suitably shaping the masking, for example, the width of the busbar can be predetermined and varied in a particularly simple manner.
Die Herstellung (Entschichtung) einzelner beschichtungsfreier Zonen in der elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung erfolgt vorzugsweise durch einen Laserstrahl. Verfahren zum Strukturieren dünner Metallfilme sind beispielsweise aus EP 2 200 097 A1 bekannt. Weiterhin umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe mit beheizbarem Kamerafenster in Fahrzeugen, Schiffen, Flugzeugen und Hubschraubern, bevorzugt als Windschutzscheibe und/oder Heckscheibe. The production (decoating) of individual coating-free zones in the electrically conductive coating is preferably carried out using a laser beam. Methods for structuring thin metal films are known, for example, from EP 2 200 097 A1. Furthermore, the present invention includes the use of the composite pane according to the invention with a heatable camera window in vehicles, ships, airplanes and helicopters, preferably as a windscreen and/or rear window.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung können alle Ausführungsformen, die für einzelne Merkmale genannt sind, auch frei miteinander kombiniert werden, sofern diese nicht widersprüchlich sind. Within the scope of the present invention, all the embodiments that are mentioned for individual features can also be freely combined with one another, provided they are not contradictory.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Figuren und Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die Figuren sind eine schematische Darstellung und nicht maßstabsgetreu. Die Figuren schränken die Erfindung in keiner Weise ein. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures and exemplary embodiments. The figures are a schematic representation and are not drawn to scale. The figures do not limit the invention in any way.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Figur 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch beheizbaren Kamerafenster, FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention with an electrically heatable camera window,
Figur 2 eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Kamerafensters aus Figur 1 , FIG. 2 shows an enlarged representation of the camera window from FIG.
Figur 3 eine Querschnittdarstellung entlang der Schnittlinie A-A‘ aus Figur 2,Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line AA' from Figure 2,
Figur 4 eine Querschnittdarstellung des Kamerafensters entlang der Schnittlinie B-B‘ aus Figur 2, und Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the camera window along line B-B' of Figure 2, and
Figur 5 ein Flussdiagramm einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
Angaben mit Zahlenwerten sind in aller Regel nicht als exakte Werte zu verstehen, sondern beinhalten auch eine Toleranz von +/- 1 % bis zu +/- 10 %. Specifications with numerical values are generally not to be understood as exact values, but also include a tolerance of +/- 1% to +/- 10%.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfinderischen Verbundscheibe 10 mit einem beheizbarem Kamerafenster 2. Die Verbundscheibe 10 kann als eine Windschutzscheibe eines Personenkraftwagens dienen. Dazu ist das Kamerafenster 2 mittig am oberen Randbereich der Verbundscheibe 10 als Windschutzscheibe angeordnet. Das Kamerafenster 2 dient als Durchsicht für eine Kamera 5 (Figur 3) oder ein Kamerasystem. Das Kamerafenster 2 wird als ein Bereich des optischen Strahlengangs der Kamera 5 oder des Kamerasystems durch die Verbundscheibe 10, insbesondere einer Innenscheibe 1 (aus Figur 3), definiert. Eine erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6.1 ist vollständig innerhalb das Kamerafenster 2 aufgebracht. Die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6.1 ist für die Kamera 5 kaum wahrnehmbar und stört die Durchsicht durch die Verbundscheibe 10 kaum. FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the inventive laminated pane 10 with a heatable camera window 2. The laminated pane 10 can serve as a windshield of a passenger car. For this purpose, the camera window 2 is arranged in the middle of the upper edge area of the laminated pane 10 as a windshield. The camera window 2 serves as a view for a camera 5 (FIG. 3) or a camera system. The camera window 2 is defined as a region of the optical beam path of the camera 5 or of the camera system through the laminated pane 10, in particular an inner pane 1 (from FIG. 3). A first electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 is applied completely inside the camera window 2. The first electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 can hardly be perceived by the camera 5 and hardly interferes with the view through the laminated pane 10.
In Einbaulage ist die Unterkante der Verbundscheibe 10 nach unten in Richtung des Motors eines Personenkraftwagens angeordnet, ihre gegenüber der Unterkante (U) liegende Oberkante (O) ist nach oben in Richtung des Dachs gerichtet. Das Kamerafenster 2 ist etwa mittig in der Nähe der Oberkante (O) angeordnet. Figur 2 zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Kamerafensters 2 aus Figur 1. Zur elektrischen Kontaktierung der ersten, elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung 6.1 sind zwei Sammelleiter 7.1 und 7.2 vorgesehen, die an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Kamerafensters derart angeordnet sind, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an die Sammelleiter ein Strom durch die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6.1 fließt. In the installed position, the lower edge of the composite pane 10 is arranged downwards in the direction of the engine of a passenger car, its upper edge (O) lying opposite the lower edge (U) is directed upwards in the direction of the roof. The camera window 2 is arranged approximately in the middle near the upper edge (O). Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of the camera window 2 from Figure 1. Two busbars 7.1 and 7.2 are provided for electrical contacting of the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1, which are arranged on two opposite sides of the camera window in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied a current flows through the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 to the bus bars.
Ein erster Sammelleiter 7.1 ist am linken Randbereich des Kamerafensters 2 an der ersten, elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung 6.1 angeordnet. Ein zweiter Sammelleiter 7.2 ist am rechten Randbereich des Kamerafensters 2 an der ersten, elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung 6.1 angeordnet. Die Sammelleiter 7.1 und 7.2 enthalten Silberpartikel. Sie wurden im Siebdruckverfahren auf die erste, elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung 6.1 aufgebracht und anschließend eingebrannt. Die Länge der Sammelleiter 7.1 und 7.2 entspricht annähernd der Kantenlänge des Kamerafensters 2. Wird an die Sammelleiter 7.1 und 7.2 eine elektrische Spannung angelegt, so fließt ein gleichmäßiger elektrischer Heizstrom (angedeutet durch Pfeile) durch die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6.1. Durch den Heizstrom wird das Kamerafenster 2 beheizt. Jeder Sammelleiter 7.1 , 7.2 ist jeweils mit einem Folienleiter 8.1 , 8.2 elektrisch leitend verbunden, der die Sammelleiter 7.1 , 7.2 mit einer elektrischen Spannungsquelle 9 verbindet. A first busbar 7.1 is arranged on the left edge area of the camera window 2 on the first, electrically conductive coating 6.1. A second bus bar 7.2 is arranged on the right edge area of the camera window 2 on the first, electrically conductive coating 6.1. The bus bars 7.1 and 7.2 contain silver particles. They were applied to the first, electrically conductive coating 6.1 using the screen printing process and then baked. The length of the busbars 7.1 and 7.2 corresponds approximately to the edge length of the camera window 2. If an electrical voltage is applied to the busbars 7.1 and 7.2, a uniform electrical heating current (indicated by arrows) flows through the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1. The camera window 2 is heated by the heating current. Each busbar 7.1, 7.2 is electrically conductively connected to a foil conductor 8.1, 8.2, which connects the busbars 7.1, 7.2 to an electrical voltage source 9.
Ein erster Folienleiter 8.1 ist über eine Lotmasse, einen elektrisch leitfähigen Klebstoff oder durch einfaches Aufliegen und Andruck innerhalb der Verbundscheibe 10 mit dem ersten Sammelleiter 7.1 elektrisch leitend verbunden. Analog dazu ist ein zweiter Folienleiter 8.2 mit dem zweiten Sammelleiter 8.2 elektrisch leitend verbunden. Die Folienleiter 8.1 und 8.2 enthalten beispielsweise eine verzinnte Kupferfolie mit einer Breite von 10 mm und einer Dicke von 0,3 mm. Die Folienleiter 8.1 und 8.2 können auch in Verbindungskabel übergehen, die mit der Spannungsquelle 9 verbunden sind. Die Spannungsquelle 9 stellt beispielsweise eine für Kraftfahrzeuge übliche Bordspannung, bevorzugt von 12 V bis 15 V und beispielsweise etwa 14 V bereit. Alternativ kann die Spannungsquelle 9 auch höhere Spannungen aufweisen, beispielsweise von 35 V bis 45 V und insbesondere 42 V. A first film conductor 8.1 is electrically conductively connected to the first bus bar 7.1 by means of a soldering compound, an electrically conductive adhesive or by simply lying on it and pressing it inside the laminated pane 10. Analogous to this, a second foil conductor 8.2 is electrically conductively connected to the second bus bar 8.2. The foil conductors 8.1 and 8.2 contain, for example, a tinned copper foil with a width of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm. The foil conductors 8.1 and 8.2 can also merge into connecting cables that are connected to the voltage source 9. The voltage source 9 provides, for example, an on-board voltage that is customary for motor vehicles, preferably from 12 V to 15 V and, for example, about 14 V. Alternatively, the voltage source 9 can also have higher voltages, for example from 35 V to 45 V and in particular 42 V.
Die Sammelleiter 7.1 , 7.2 haben im dargestellten Beispiel eine konstante Dicke von beispielsweise etwa 0,1 mm und einen konstanten spezifischen Widerstand von beispielsweise 2.3 pOhnrcm. Bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an die Sammelleiter 7.1 , 7.2 fließt ein elektrischer Strom durch die erste Beschichtung 6.1. Die Sammelleiter 7.1 , 7.2 und ihre Anschlüsse können durch eine opake Farbschicht 11 (Abdeckdruck) verdeckt werden. In the example shown, the busbars 7.1, 7.2 have a constant thickness of, for example, approximately 0.1 mm and a constant specific resistance of, for example, 2.3 pOhmrcm. When an electrical voltage is applied to the busbars 7.1, 7.2, an electrical current flows through the first coating 6.1. The bus bars 7.1, 7.2 and their connections can be covered by an opaque color layer 11 (cover print).
Figur 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe 10 aus Figur 1 entlang der Schnittlinie A-A‘. Die Verbundscheibe 10 umfasst eine Innenscheibe 1 , die über eine Zwischenschicht 3 mit einer Außenscheibe 4 verbunden ist. Die Zwischenschicht 3 kann eine Folie aus thermoplastischen Polymer, bevorzugt EVA, PU, PVB oder Gemische oder Copolymere oder Derivate davon, aufweisen. Die Zwischenschicht 3 weist eine in Wesentlichen konstante Dicke von 0,76 mm auf. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Zwischenschicht 3 zwei Folien aus thermoplastischen Polymer, bevorzugt EVA, PU oder Gemische oder Copolymere oder Derivate davon, aufweisen. In einem eingebauten Zustand ist die Innenscheibe 1 einem Innenraum z.B. einem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugewandt. FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the composite pane 10 according to the invention from FIG. 1 along the section line AA′. The laminated pane 10 comprises an inner pane 1 which is connected to an outer pane 4 via an intermediate layer 3 . The intermediate layer 3 can have a film made of thermoplastic polymer, preferably EVA, PU, PVB or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof. The intermediate layer 3 has an essentially constant thickness of 0.76 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the intermediate layer 3 can have two films made of thermoplastic polymer, preferably EVA, PU or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof. In an installed state, the inner pane 1 faces an interior, for example a vehicle interior.
Die Innenscheibe 1 und die Außenscheibe 4 bestehen beispielsweise aus Kalk-Natron-Glas. Die Außenscheibe 4 weist beispielsweise eine Dicke von 2,1 mm auf, die Innenscheibe 1 eine Dicke von 1 , 6 mm oder 2,1 mm. The inner pane 1 and the outer pane 4 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass. The outer pane 4 has a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example, and the inner pane 1 has a thickness of 1, 6 mm or 2.1 mm.
An der ersten, zur Zwischenschicht 3 hingewandten Oberfläche (III) der Innescheibe 1 ist die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6.1 angeordnet. Die erste Beschichtung 6.1 ist über die zwei Sammelleiter 7.1 , 7.2 elektrisch kontaktierbar. Die Farbschicht 11 umrahmt das Kamerafenster 2 der Verbundscheibe 10. The first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 is arranged on the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 facing the intermediate layer 3. The first coating 6.1 can be electrically contacted via the two busbars 7.1, 7.2. The color layer 11 frames the camera window 2 of the laminated pane 10.
Eine zweite elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6.2 ist außerhalb des Kommunikationsfensters 2 ebenfalls an der ersten, zur Zwischenschicht 3 hingewandten Oberfläche (III) der Innescheibe 1 angeordnet. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind die erste Beschichtung 6. 1 von der zweite Beschichtung 6.2 durch eine beschichtungsfreie Trennlinie 12 elektrisch isoliert. Die Trennlinie 12 weist beispielsweise eine Breite von 70 pm auf. Durch die Trennlinie12 wird das Kamerafenster 2 ausgebildet, da die Trennlinie 12 die erste elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung 6.1 vollständig umrandet. An der zweiten elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung 6.2 ist kein elektrischer Anschluss an eine Spannungsquelle vorgesehen. Deshalb sind auch keine Sammelleiter an der zweiten elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung 6.2 angeordnet. A second electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.2 is also arranged outside of the communication window 2 on the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 facing the intermediate layer 3. In this exemplary embodiment, the first coating 6.1 is electrically insulated from the second coating 6.2 by a separating line 12 without a coating. The dividing line 12 has a width of 70 μm, for example. The camera window 2 is formed by the separating line 12, since the separating line 12 completely borders the first electrically conductive coating 6.1. No electrical connection to a voltage source is provided on the second electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.2. For this reason, no busbars are arranged on the second electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.2.
Das Kamerafenster 2 kann ein beliebiger Bereich der Verbundscheibe 10 oder auch der Innenscheibe 1 sein, der für die entsprechenden optischen und elektromagnetischen Signale eine hohe Transmission aufweist. Dabei ist das Kamerafenster 2 dazu vorgesehen einen optischen Durchgang für den Sichtbereich der Kamera 5 bereitzustellen. Zusätzlich kann innerhalb des Kamerafensters 2 ein beschichtungsfreies Kommunikationsfenster zur Transmission von elektromagnetischer Strahlung für weitere an der Verbundscheibe 10 angebrachte Sensoren vorgesehen sein, wobei das Kommunikationsfenster eine Fläche von 10% bis 30% der Fläche des Kamerafensters (2) aufweisen kann. The camera window 2 can be any area of the laminated pane 10 or the inner pane 1 that has a high transmission for the corresponding optical and electromagnetic signals. The camera window 2 is intended to provide an optical passage for the field of view of the camera 5 . Additionally can a coating-free communication window for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation for other sensors attached to the laminated pane 10 can be provided inside the camera window 2, wherein the communication window can have an area of 10% to 30% of the area of the camera window (2).
Das Kamerafenster 2 ist, insbesondere optisch, transparent ausgebildet. Die auf das Kamerafenster 2 ausgerichtete Kamera 5 befindet sich in einer an der Innenscheibe 1 befestigten Einkapselung. The camera window 2 is transparent, in particular optically. The camera 5 aligned with the camera window 2 is located in an encapsulation attached to the inner pane 1 .
Die erste Beschichtung 6.1 und die zweite Beschichtung 6.2 sind auf einer der der Zwischenschicht 3 hingewandten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe 1 angeordnet. Die erste Beschichtung 6.1 und die zweite Beschichtung 6.2 sind in dieser Ausführungsform identisch. Die erste und zweite elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung 6.1 , 6.2 sind auch Sonnenschutzbeschichtungen mit bevorzugt mindestens einer elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht auf Basis eines Metalls, insbesondere auf Basis von Silber. Eine solche Sonnenschutzbeschichtung hat insbesondere reflektierende Eigenschaften im nahen Infrarotbereich, beispielsweise im Bereich von 800 nm bis 1500 nm. The first coating 6.1 and the second coating 6.2 are arranged on a surface (III) of the inner pane 1 that faces the intermediate layer 3. The first coating 6.1 and the second coating 6.2 are identical in this embodiment. The first and second electrically conductive coating 6.1, 6.2 are also sun protection coatings with preferably at least one electrically conductive layer based on a metal, in particular based on silver. Such a sun protection coating has, in particular, reflective properties in the near infrared range, for example in the range from 800 nm to 1500 nm.
Figur 4 zeigt einen Querschnitt des beheizbaren Kamerafenster 2. Die erste Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe 1 und eine zweite Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe 4 sind einander zugewandt und über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 3 miteinander verbunden. Eine zweite Oberfläche (IV) der Innenscheibe 1 und eine erste Oberfläche (I) der Außenscheibe 4 sind voneinander und von der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht 3 abgewandt. Die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6.1 ist an der Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe 1 angeordnet. Der erster Sammelleiter 7.1 ist am linken Randbereich des Kamerafensters 2 auf der erste, elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung 6.1 angeordnet. Der zweiter Sammelleiter 7.2 ist am rechten Randbereich des Kamerafensters 2 auf der erste, elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung 6.1 angeordnet. FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the heatable camera window 2. The first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 and a second surface (II) of the outer pane 4 face one another and are connected to one another via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3. A second surface (IV) of the inner pane 1 and a first surface (I) of the outer pane 4 face away from one another and from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 . The first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 is arranged on the surface (III) of the inner pane 1. The first bus bar 7.1 is arranged on the left edge area of the camera window 2 on the first, electrically conductive coating 6.1. The second bus bar 7.2 is arranged on the right edge area of the camera window 2 on the first, electrically conductive coating 6.1.
Es wurde gefunden, das sich die Heizwirkung der ersten Beschichtung durch die Anordnung auf Seite (III) in einer Weise verstärkt, die aufgrund der bereits bekannten Heizvorrichtungen nicht vorherzusehen war. It has been found that the arrangement on side (III) increases the heating effect of the first coating in a way which could not have been foreseen on the basis of the previously known heating devices.
Figur 5 zeigt ein Flussdiagramm eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung der Verbundscheibe 10 mit beheizbarem Kamerafenster 2. Das Verfahren umfasst die folgenden Schritte: • die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung 6.1 wird zumindest auf einen Teil der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe 1 aufgebracht (101),FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing the laminated pane 10 with a heatable camera window 2. The method comprises the following steps: • the first electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 is applied (101) to at least part of the first surface (III) of the inner pane 1,
• die zwei Sammelleiter 7.1 , 7.2 werden auf der ersten, elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung 6.1 an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Kamerafensters 2 aufgebracht, wobei die Sammelleiter 7.1 , 7.2 derart angeordnet sind, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an die• The two bus bars 7.1, 7.2 are applied to the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 on two opposite sides of the camera window 2, the bus bars 7.1, 7.2 being arranged such that when an electrical voltage is applied to the
Sammelleiter 7.1 , 7.2 ein Strom durch die erste Beschichtung 6.1 fließt (102),busbars 7.1, 7.2 a current flows through the first coating 6.1 (102),
• die erste Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe 1 wird mit der elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung 6.1 über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 3 mit der Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe 4 verbunden (103). • The first surface (III) of the inner pane 1 is connected to the electrically conductive, transparent coating 6.1 via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 with the surface (II) of the outer pane 4 (103).
Bezugszeichenliste: Reference list:
1 Innenscheibe 1 inner pane
2 Kamerafenster 2 camera windows
3 Zwischenschicht 3 intermediate layer
4 Außenscheibe 4 outer pane
5 Kamera 5 camera
6.1 erste, elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung 6.1 first electrically conductive coating
6.2 zweite, elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung 6.2 second, electrically conductive coating
7.1 erster Sammelleiter 7.1 first busbar
7.2 zweiter Sammelleiter 7.2 second bus bar
8.1 erster Folienleiter 8.1 first foil conductor
8.2 zweiter Folienleiter 8.2 second foil conductor
9 Spannungsquelle 9 voltage source
10 Verbundscheibe 10 compound pane
11 Farbschicht 11 color layer
12 Trennlinie 12 dividing line
(O) Oberkante der Verbundscheibe (O) Top edge of compound pane
(U) Unterkante der Verbundscheibe (U) Lower edge of composite pane
(I) erste, von der Zwischenschicht abgewandte Oberfläche der Außenscheibe(I) first surface of the outer pane facing away from the intermediate layer
(II) zweite, zur Zwischenschicht hingewandte Oberfläche der Außenscheibe(II) second surface of the outer pane facing the intermediate layer
(III) erste, zur Zwischenschicht hingewandte Oberfläche der Innenscheibe(III) first surface of the inner pane facing the intermediate layer
(IV) zweite, von der Zwischenschicht abgewandte Oberfläche der Innenscheibe (IV) second surface of the inner pane facing away from the intermediate layer

Claims

Patentansprüche patent claims
1. Verbundscheibe (10) mit elektrisch beheizbarem Kamerafenster (2) mindestens umfassend: 1. Composite pane (10) with an electrically heatable camera window (2) at least comprising:
• eine Außenscheibe (4) und eine Innenscheibe (1), die über mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (3) miteinander flächig verbunden sind, wobei die Außenscheibe (4) eine, von der Zwischenschicht (3) abgewandte Oberfläche (I) und eine zweite, zur der Zwischenschicht hingewandete Oberfläche (II) umfasst und die Innescheibe (1) eine erste, zur Zwischenschicht hingewandte Oberfläche (III) sowie eine zweite, von der Zwischenschicht abgewandete Oberfläche (IV) umfasst, • an outer pane (4) and an inner pane (1), which are connected to one another over at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), the outer pane (4) having a surface (I) facing away from the intermediate layer (3) and a second, comprises a surface (II) facing the intermediate layer and the inner pane (1) comprises a first surface (III) facing the intermediate layer and a second surface (IV) facing away from the intermediate layer,
• mindestens ein optisch transparentes Kamerafenster (2), • at least one optically transparent camera window (2),
• innerhalb des Kamerafensters (2) eine erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.1) zum Beheizen des Kamerafensters (2), wobei die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.1) auf der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (1) innerhalb des Kamerafensters (2) angeordnet ist und zwei zum Anschluss an eine Spannungsquelle (9) vorgesehene Sammelleiter (7.1 , 7.2) aufweist, die an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Kamerafensters (2) derart angeordnet sind, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an die Sammelleiter (7.1 , 7.2) ein Strom durch die erste, elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.1) fließt. • inside the camera window (2) a first electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1) for heating the camera window (2), the first electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1) on the first surface (III) of the inner pane (1) inside the camera window (2) and has two busbars (7.1, 7.2) for connection to a voltage source (9), which are arranged on two opposite sides of the camera window (2) in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied to the busbars (7.1 , 7.2) a current flows through the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1).
2. Verbundscheibe nach Anspruch 1 , wobei ein Sammelleiter (7.1 , 7.2) eine Breite von 0.1 mm bis 30 mm, besonders bevorzugt von 4 mm bis 20 mm, aufweist. 2. Laminated pane according to claim 1, wherein a busbar (7.1, 7.2) has a width of 0.1 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably 4 mm to 20 mm.
3. Verbundscheibe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Sammelleiter (7.1 , 7.2) aus einer aufgedruckten und eingebrannten Druckpaste ausgebildet sind, die bevorzugt Metallpartikel und/oder Kohlenstoff, insbesondere Silberpartikel, enthalten. 3. Laminated pane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the busbars (7.1, 7.2) are formed from a printed and burned-in printing paste, which preferably contains metal particles and/or carbon, in particular silver particles.
4. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Sammelleiter (7.1 , 7.2) als zwei, insbesondere parallel verlaufende, Streifen ausgebildet sind. 4. Laminated pane according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the bus bars (7.1, 7.2) are designed as two strips, in particular running parallel.
5. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei eine Schichtdicke der Sammelleiter (7.1 , 7.2) 5 pm bis 40 pm, bevorzugt 8 pm bis 20 pm und besonders bevorzugt von 8 pm bis 12 pm beträgt. 5. Laminated pane according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a layer thickness of the bus bars (7.1, 7.2) is 5 μm to 40 μm, preferably 8 μm to 20 μm and particularly preferably 8 μm to 12 μm.
6. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.1) vollflächig auf der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (1) innerhalb des Kamerafensters (2) angeordnet ist. 6. Laminated pane according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1) is arranged over the entire surface on the first surface (III) of the inner pane (1) within the camera window (2).
7. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Verbundscheibe (10) eine zweite elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.2) auf der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe aufweist. 7. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composite pane (10) has a second electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.2) on the first surface (III) of the inner pane.
8. Verbundscheibe nach Anspruch 7, wobei die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.1) und die zweite elektrische leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.2) gleich sind. 8. Laminated pane according to claim 7, wherein the first electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1) and the second electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.2) are the same.
9. Verbundscheibe nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, wobei die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.1) und/oder die zweite elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.2) infrarotreflektierende Eigenschaften aufweisen. 9. Laminated pane according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the first electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1) and/or the second electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.2) have infrared-reflecting properties.
10. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei eine beschichtungsfreie Trennlinie (12) zur elektrischen Isolierung der ersten elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung (6.1) von der zweiten elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung (6.2) vorgesehen ist, wobei die Trennlinie (12) zumindest teilweise, insbesondere vollständig das Kamerafenster (2) umrandet. 10. Laminated pane according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a coating-free dividing line (12) is provided for the electrical insulation of the first electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1) from the second electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.2), wherein the dividing line (12 ) at least partially, in particular completely surrounds the camera window (2).
11. Verbundscheibe nach Anspruch 10, wobei die Trennlinie (12) eine Breite von 30 pm bis 200pm, insbesondere von 80 pm bis 120pm, aufweist. 11. Laminated pane according to claim 10, wherein the dividing line (12) has a width of 30 μm to 200 μm, in particular of 80 μm to 120 μm.
12. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 , wobei das Kamerafenster (2) mindestens ein beschichtungsfreies Kommunikationsfenster zur Transmission von elektromagnetischer Strahlung durch die Verbundscheibe aufweist, wobei das Kommunikationsfenster eine Fläche von 10% bis 30% der Fläche des Kamerafensters (2) aufweist. 12. Laminated pane according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the camera window (2) has at least one coating-free communication window for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the laminated pane, the communication window having an area of 10% to 30% of the area of the camera window (2). .
13. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei die Verbundscheibe (10) eine Windschutzscheibe ist. 19 13. Laminated pane according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the laminated pane (10) is a windshield. 19
14. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei mindestens 14. A method for producing a composite pane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein at least
• die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.1) zumindest auf einen Teil der ersten Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (1) aufgebracht wird,• the first electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1) is applied to at least part of the first surface (III) of the inner pane (1),
• die zwei Sammelleiter (7.1, 7.2) auf der ersten, elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung (6.1) an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Kamerafensters (2) aufgebracht werden, wobei die Sammelleiter (7.1, 7.2) derart angeordnet sind, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an die Sammelleiter (7.1, 7.2) ein Strom durch die erste elektrisch leitfähige, transparente Beschichtung (6.1) fließt, • the two busbars (7.1, 7.2) are applied to the first, electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1) on two opposite sides of the camera window (2), the busbars (7.1, 7.2) being arranged such that when an electrical voltage to the bus bars (7.1, 7.2) a current flows through the first electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1),
• die erste Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (1) mit der elektrisch leitfähigen, transparenten Beschichtung (6.1) über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (3) mit der Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe (4) verbunden wird. • the first surface (III) of the inner pane (1) with the electrically conductive, transparent coating (6.1) is connected to the surface (II) of the outer pane (4) via the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3).
15. Verwendung der Verbundscheibe nach einen der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 in Fortbewegungsmitteln für den Verkehr auf dem Lande, in der Luft oder zu Wasser, insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen beispielsweise als Windschutzscheibe. 15. Use of the laminated pane according to one of claims 1 to 13 in means of locomotion for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, for example as a windscreen.
EP22713291.7A 2021-02-05 2022-02-02 Composite pane comprising an electrically heatable camera window Pending EP4288283A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21155352 2021-02-05
PCT/EP2022/052376 WO2022167434A1 (en) 2021-02-05 2022-02-02 Composite pane comprising an electrically heatable camera window

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP4288283A1 true EP4288283A1 (en) 2023-12-13

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ID=74556677

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22713291.7A Pending EP4288283A1 (en) 2021-02-05 2022-02-02 Composite pane comprising an electrically heatable camera window

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Country Link
US (1) US20240064873A1 (en)
EP (1) EP4288283A1 (en)
CN (1) CN115210074A (en)
WO (1) WO2022167434A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2757151B1 (en) 1996-12-12 1999-01-08 Saint Gobain Vitrage GLAZING COMPRISING A SUBSTRATE PROVIDED WITH A STACK OF THIN FILMS FOR SUN PROTECTION AND / OR THERMAL INSULATION
GB0408392D0 (en) 2004-04-15 2004-05-19 Pilkington Plc Electrically heated window
EP2200097A1 (en) 2008-12-16 2010-06-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France S.A. Method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device and system for patterning an object
EP2334141A1 (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Coated pane with heatable communication window
DE102012018001A1 (en) * 2011-11-29 2013-05-29 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Transparent glass pane i.e. windscreen, for use in sensor-pane-unit of e.g. passenger car, has sensor region-collecting conductors electrically conductively connected with transparent, electrical conductive layer of sensor region
CA3014719A1 (en) 2016-05-17 2017-11-23 Klaus Fischer Transparent pane
CN114271026A (en) * 2020-04-15 2022-04-01 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 Glass pane with an electrically heatable communication window for a sensor and a camera system
DE202021102128U1 (en) * 2021-04-21 2021-04-29 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Laminated pane with heated sensor window

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WO2022167434A1 (en) 2022-08-11
CN115210074A (en) 2022-10-18

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