EP4353050A1

EP4353050A1 - Pane having patterned functional coating

Info

Publication number: EP4353050A1
Application number: EP22733898.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jefferson DO ROSARIO; Stephan GILLESSEN; Lisa SCHMADTKE; Dennis Lange
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date: 2021-06-08
Filing date: 2022-05-30
Publication date: 2024-04-17
Also published as: CN115943730A; WO2022258402A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a pane (100), wherein: (A) a glass pane (1) having an outer surface (a) and an inner surface (i) is provided, the outer surface (a) or inner surface (i) of which has an electrically conductive coating (2) at least in parts, (B) a print layer (3) is applied to at least two line-shaped regions of the electrically conductive coating (2), and (C) the print layer (3) is baked; the electrically conductive coating (2) located below the print layer (3) is decomposed, and from each line-shaped region having the print layer (3) an opaque, line-shaped print region (11) is formed; between the at least two line-shaped print regions (11), there is at least one print-free region (10) having the electrically conductive coating (2); the at least one print-free region (10) forms a heating current path running between a first connection region and a second connection region; and the at least two opaque, line-shaped print regions (11) are designed such that the heating current path is longer than the direct connection between the first and second connection regions.

Description

Disc with pattern-shaped functional coating

The present invention relates to a method for producing a pane with a pattern-shaped functional coating. In addition, the present invention relates to the pane with a pattern-shaped functional coating and its use.

Glazing in buildings and vehicles is increasingly being provided with large, electrically conductive layers that are transparent to visible light and that have to fulfill certain functions. These layers are commonly referred to as functional layers. For example, high demands are placed on glazing with regard to its heat-insulating properties for reasons of energy saving and comfort. So it is desirable to avoid a high heat input through solar radiation, which leads to excessive heating of the interior and in turn results in high energy costs for the necessary air conditioning.

The use of sun protection coatings and the use of layers that reflect thermal radiation (low-E layers) are known. A low-E layer reflects a significant part of the incoming solar radiation, especially in the infrared range, which leads to reduced heating of the interior in summer. The Low-E layer also reduces the emission of long-wave thermal radiation from a heated pane into the interior when the Low-E layer is applied to the surface of a pane facing the interior. In winter, when outside temperatures are low, the heat from the interior is prevented from radiating to the outside environment.

Another application of functional layers aims to keep the field of vision of a vehicle window free of ice and fog. Electrical heating layers are known which, by applying an electrical voltage, bring about targeted heating of the vehicle window or partial areas of the vehicle window (see, for example, WO 2010/043598 A1).

The functional layer can also only be desired in a partial area of the pane. For example, a heating function may only be required in the area of a windshield in which the windshield wipers are in the rest position. EP 3076753 A1 discloses an electrically conductive functional coating which is applied in areas to a laminated pane and which is contacted with busbars and a method for producing it. If a voltage is applied to the bus bars, a heating current flows through the functional coating. The functional coating is partially decoated, creating a pattern of coated and decoated areas. The electrical resistance between the busbars results from the special dimensions of the sample, so that the heating power can be better adjusted.

However, the production of partially decoated panes represents a further, relatively complex process step, which complicates the manufacture of the pane and thus makes it more expensive. After coating the pane, subsequent laser processing is often necessary for partial decoating.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for producing a pane with a functional coating applied in certain areas. In particular, the production should be able to do without the step of laser processing of the coating.

The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a method for producing a pane with a functional coating that has been decoated in some areas. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a method for producing a disk. The process is divided into several process steps below.

In a first method step (A), a glass pane with an outer surface and an inner surface is provided. The outer surface or the inner surface have an electrically conductive coating at least in regions.

In a second process step (B), a printed layer is applied to at least two linear areas of the electrically conductive coating. In a third process step (C), the print layer is baked, the electrically conductive coating located under the print layer being decomposed and an opaque, linear print area arising from each linear area with the print layer.

The result of this is that there is at least one print-free area with the electrically conductive coating between the at least two line-shaped print areas. The at least one pressure-free area forms a heating current path that runs between a first connection area and a second connection area. The at least two opaque, linear print areas are designed in such a way that the heating current path is longer than the direct connection between the first and the second connection area.

The process steps are preferably carried out in the order mentioned. The electrically conductive coating is preferably transparent. The print layer and the at least 2 linear print areas are opaque and have an increased electrical resistance compared to the electrically conductive coating. The electrical resistance of the print areas is preferably at least 10 times as high, more preferably at least 100 times as high and in particular at least 1000 times as high as the print-free areas. For the purposes of the invention, “electrically conductive coating located under the printed layer decomposed” means the electrical coating that is in material contact with the printed layer. For the purposes of the invention, the decomposition of the electrically conductive coating means that at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, and in particular completely, of the electrically conductive coating is destroyed by the printed layer. The print-free area can include the entire electrically conductive coating; however, it is also possible for sections of the electrically conductive coating to be arranged outside of the pressure-free areas on the glass pane.

For the purposes of the present invention, “transparent” means that the overall transmission of the laminated pane corresponds to the legal provisions for windshields and preferably has a permeability of more than 50% and in particular more than 60%, for example more than 70%, for visible light. Correspondingly, "opaque" means a light transmission of less than 10%, preferably less than 5% and in particular 0%.

The electrically conductive coating can extend over the entire outer surface or inner surface of the glass pane. The electrically conductive coating extends preferably over at least 50%, more preferably over at least 70% and most preferably over at least 90% of the inner surface or the outer surface of the glass sheet. The electrically conductive coating can be applied spatially directly to the glass pane. However, it is also possible for other layers to be arranged between the glass pane and the electrically conductive coating, such as a black print, for example.

The at least one pressure-free area can be electrically contacted via the first electrical connection area and the second connection area. If an electrical current flows through the pressure-free area, a heating current is generated that heats the area.

With the method according to the invention, the length of the heating current path can be adjusted according to the requirements of the pane produced. An extension of the heating current path causes a reduction in the heating power while the electrical voltage remains the same. The heating power is calculated using the formula:

U ² ^{P ~} R - D ²

Where P is the heat output [W nr ² ], R is the surface resistance [W sq- 1], U is the voltage [V] and D is the distance [m] between the first and the second connection areas. With an increase in distance D, i.e. the heating current path, the heating output drops exponentially. The method according to the invention simplifies the area-by-area decoating in order to be able to set the heating output according to the requirements of the pane. With the method according to the invention, it is not necessary, for example, to strip the electrically conductive coating by generic methods such as laser ablation (laser vaporization). As a result, costs and time can be saved in the manufacturing process.

The at least two linear areas that are coated with the electrically conductive coating, to which the print layer is applied, preferably run essentially next to each other with respect to their direction of extension. In particular, the linear areas of the electrically conductive coating run essentially parallel. After the application of the print layer on the line-shaped areas is hereby the at least one print-free area is designed in the form of a strip. In the sense of the invention, “essentially next to one another” means that the line-shaped areas lie next to one another in their course. “Essentially parallel” in the context of the invention means that the linear areas are identical in their shape or extent and run symmetrically one above the other or next to one another. By running next to each other or preferably parallel, a more homogeneous heating power can be achieved since the pressure-free areas resulting in the later process have a precisely defined and preferably homogeneous width. The at least two line-shaped print areas can be connected to one another at the beginning and/or end of a line, so that, for example, a type of frame is formed from the at least two line-shaped print areas.

The "width" of an element is understood to be the dimension perpendicular to its extent. The “length” of an element is understood to mean the dimension parallel to its extent.

In process step (B), the printed layer can be applied to n linear regions of the electrically conductive coating. The rule here is that n is a natural number and is preferably greater than 2. The number n is preferably greater than 10, particularly preferably greater than 30 and in particular greater than 100. From the n linear regions which are covered with the printed layer, correspondingly n linear printed regions result after method step (C). Between the n linear print areas there are preferably (n-1) print-free areas with the electrically conductive coating. There is therefore an alternating change from linear print areas to print-free areas and so on, so that a linear print area is applied at the beginning and at the end. In other words: a print-free area is arranged between each pair of line-shaped print areas. This ensures that the non-printed areas are electrically isolated from the rest of the electrically conductive coating. The increase in the line-shaped pressure areas and pressure-free areas in between also makes it possible for a larger area to be heated homogeneously and according to the requirements. For example, it is particularly useful in areas of the pane that are usually covered by an opaque or semi-opaque black print when installed in a vehicle (e.g. the area of a windshield or rear window that is intended as a resting position for windshield wipers). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least two linear areas of the electrically conductive coating to which the print layer is applied are sinusoidal, meandering or zigzag-shaped or a combination thereof. The line-shaped areas are preferably arranged parallel to one another, so that a zigzag pattern or a wavy pattern is produced. The heating output can be controlled very well by selecting the amplitude. The at least two linear areas of the electrically conductive coating to which the printed layer is applied can also be straight. In this case, the line-shaped areas are arranged diagonally on the glass pane.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, in process step (A) first

(A1) provided the glass pane, and then

(A2) the electrically conductive coating applied to the outer surface or the inner surface of the glass pane by means of cathode sputtering with the support of a magnetic field.

The electrically conductive coating can be applied to the entire outer surface or inner surface of the glass pane. The electrically conductive coating is preferably applied over at least 50%, more preferably over at least 70% and most preferably over at least 90% of the outer surface or the inner surface of the glass pane.

The electrically conductive coating preferably has an IR-reflecting effect. Irrespective of an IR-reflecting effect of the heating coating, the coating can also be used to heat the laminated pane. For this purpose, preferably at least two outer busbars provided for connection to a voltage source are connected to the electrically conductive coating in such a way that a current path for a heating current is formed between the busbars.

The electrically conductive coating typically contains one or more, for example two, three or four, electrically conductive functional layers. The functional layers preferably contain at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and/or chromium or a metal alloy. The functional layers particularly preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal. The functional layers can consist of the metal or the metal alloy. The functional layers particularly preferably contain silver or an alloy containing silver. Such functional layers have a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity combined with high transmission in the visible spectral range. The thickness of a functional layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. In this range for the thickness of the functional layer, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved.

At least one dielectric layer is preferably arranged in each case between two adjacent functional layers of the coating. A further dielectric layer is preferably arranged below the first and/or above the last functional layer. A dielectric layer contains at least a single layer of a dielectric material, for example containing a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide. However, dielectric layers can also comprise a plurality of individual layers, for example individual layers of a dielectric material, smoothing layers, matching layers, blocking layers and/or antireflection layers. The thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm.

In a very particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive coating has precisely three electrically conductive silver layers which are separated from one another by dielectric layers. This arrangement is particularly advantageous in terms of transmission and electrical conductivity.

This layer structure is generally obtained by a sequence of deposition operations carried out by a vacuum process such as magnetic field-assisted sputtering.

Other suitable electrically conductive coatings preferably contain indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO ₂ :F) or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al). The functional layers preferably have a layer thickness of 8 nm to 25 nm, particularly preferably 13 nm to 19 nm. This is particularly advantageous with regard to transparency, color neutrality and surface resistance of the electrically conductive coating. The ITO layer is particularly suitable due to its high resistance to corrosion. In an advantageous embodiment, the electrically conductive coating is a layer or a layer structure of several individual layers with a total thickness of less than or equal to 2 μm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 1 μm.

The total layer thickness of the electrically conductive coating is preferably from 40 nm to 80 nm, particularly preferably from 45 nm to 60 nm. In this range for the total thickness of all the electrically conductive coating is typical for vehicle windows, especially windshield distances D between two bus bars and one Operating voltage U in the range of 12 V to 15 V advantageously achieves a sufficiently high heating power P and at the same time a sufficiently high transmission. In addition, the electrically conductive coating in this area has particularly good reflective properties for the infrared range for the total thickness of all electrically conductive layers. If the total layer thickness of all electrically conductive layers is too low, the surface resistance R is too high and the heating power P is too low, as well as reduced reflective properties for the infrared range. If the total layer thickness of all electrically conductive layers is too great, the transmission through the pane is reduced too much, so that the transmission requirements for vehicle panes are not met.

The electrically conductive coating of the composite pane according to the invention preferably has a surface resistance of less than or equal to 2 ohms/square, particularly preferably from 0.4 ohms/square to 1.5 ohms/square, very particularly preferably from 0.5 ohms/square to 0. 95 ohms/square, for example about 0.9 ohms/square. In this area for the sheet resistance, advantageously high heating powers P are achieved. In addition, the electrically conductive coating has particularly good reflective properties for the infrared range in this area for the surface resistance.

After method step (A), (B) or (C), a first busbar can be arranged on all of the first connection areas and a second busbar can be arranged on all of the second connection areas. The first and second bus bars are intended to be connected to a voltage source. The first and second busbars are electrically connected to all of the first and all of the second terminal portions, respectively. If there are several pressure-free areas, each with a first connection area and a second connection area, the first busbar is preferably electrically connected to all (i.e. all) of the first connection areas of the pressure-free areas and the second busbar is preferably connected to all (i.e all) second connection areas of the pressure-free areas electrically connected. The busbars are preferably also in physical contact with the connection areas of the pressure-free areas.

The first and the second bus bar are connected to the first and the second connection area of the pressure-free coating in such a way that a heating current can flow through the pressure-free area. The first and second busbars are preferably insulated by an electrically insulating layer from the electrically conductive coating outside of pressure-free areas. The insulating layer is preferably a polyimide-based polymeric coating.

The first and/or the second bus bar can be printed or burnt onto the connection areas. The printed busbars preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metal compound and/or carbon, particularly preferably a noble metal and in particular silver. The printing paste preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles and/or carbon and, in particular, noble metal particles such as silver particles. The electrical conductivity is preferably achieved by the electrically conductive particles. The particles can be in an organic and/or inorganic matrix such as pastes or inks, preferably as a printing paste with glass frits.

The layer thickness of the printed first and/or second busbar is preferably from 5 μm to 40 μm, particularly preferably from 8 μm to 20 μm and very particularly preferably from 8 μm to 12 μm. Printed busbars with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.

The width of the first and/or second busbar is preferably from 2 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably from 4 mm to 20 mm and in particular from 10 mm to 20 mm. Thinner busbars lead to an excessively high electrical resistance and thus to excessive heating of the busbar during operation. Furthermore, thinner bus bars are difficult to produce by printing techniques such as screen printing. Thicker busbars require an undesirably high use of material. For a busbar, which is typically in the form of a strip, the longer of its dimensions is referred to as the length and the shorter of its dimensions is referred to as the width. The specific resistance p _a of the first and/or the second busbar is preferably from 0.8 pOhmvcm to 7.0 pOhmvcm and particularly preferably from 1.0 pOhmvcm to 2.5 pOhmvcm. Busbars with specific resistances in this range are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.

Alternatively, however, the first and/or the second busbar can simply be placed on the first and the second connection area. The first and/or the second bus bar can be designed as a strip of an electrically conductive film. The bus bar then contains, for example, at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or alloys thereof. The strip preferably has a thickness of 10 μm to 500 μm, particularly preferably 30 μm to 300 μm. Busbars made of electrically conductive foils with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity. The strip can be electrically conductively connected to the electrically conductive structure, for example via a soldering compound, via an electrically conductive adhesive or by direct application.

The first and the second bus bar are preferably electrically connected to a voltage source with one or more connecting lines. The connecting lines can be in the form of film conductors (flat conductors, ribbon conductors). The voltage source preferably provides an electrical voltage of 10 V to 500 V, particularly preferably 12 V to 100 V and in particular 12 V to 42 V.

The printing layer preferably contains at least one pigment and glass frits. It may contain other chemical compounds. The glass frits are preferably melted on or on and the pressure layer is thereby preferably permanently connected (fused or sintered) to the outer surface or the inner surface of the glass pane. The pigment provides the opacity of the print layer. Such print layers are common in the automotive sector and are typically applied as enamel.

The printed layer is particularly preferably printed onto the outer surface or the inner surface of the glass pane, in particular using the screen printing method. The print layer is printed through a fine-meshed fabric onto the glass pane. The print layer is pressed through the fabric with a rubber squeegee, for example. The fabric has areas which are permeable to the print layer next to areas which are impermeable to the print layer, resulting in the geometric shape of the print is determined. The fabric thus acts as a template for the print. The print layer contains at least the pigment and the glass frits suspended in a liquid phase (solvent), for example water or organic solvents such as alcohols. The pigment is typically a black pigment, preferably carbon black, aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and/or graphite.

The baking of the printed layer in process step (C) preferably takes place at a temperature of 450.degree. C. to 700.degree. C., in particular from 550.degree. C. to 650.degree. The opaque, line-shaped print areas produced by the firing of the print layer can be pre-fired (partially fired) or, preferably, completely fired. Pre-firing is a temperature treatment in which the liquid phase is expelled by evaporation and the glass frits are melted and thereupon form a certain bond with one another and with the outer surface or inner surface of the glass pane. If the at least 2 line-shaped print areas contain other chemical compounds, these typically already undergo reactions or other transformations, for example crystallization. Pre-firing is therefore typically accompanied by a color change in the at least 2 line-shaped print areas, with the color after pre-firing already being able to correspond to the color of the finally burned-in one of the at least 2 opaque, line-shaped print areas. The pigment remains in the glass matrix formed by the glass frits as at least 2 line-shaped print areas along with any other additives that are typically the product of chemical reactions during firing. The final firing, in which the final structure of the at least 2 linear pressure areas and the final connection to the outer surface or inner surface of the glass pane is produced, preferably takes place during the bending of the glass pane. As a result, one process step can be saved. The covering print preferably has a thickness of from 5 μm to 50 μm, particularly preferably from 8 μm to 25 μm. Firing of the print layer may include pre-firing and finish-firing, or both.

The decomposing properties in relation to the transparent coating of the printing layer can be achieved through a suitable choice of glass frits. They are preferably formed on the basis of bismuth zinc borate. In order to achieve the decomposing properties, the bismuth content and/or the boron content is preferably higher than in conventional glass frits. If something is formed "on the basis" of a material, then it exists mostly made of this material, in particular essentially made of this material in addition to any impurities or dopings.

In a further embodiment, the decomposing pressure layer known from WO2014133929 can also be used.

The pane which is produced by the method according to the invention can be part of a windshield or a rear window. The pane is intended to separate an interior space from an exterior environment. The glass pane preferably has a peripheral side edge. The peripheral side edge includes a top edge and a bottom edge. The peripheral side edge, the top edge and the bottom edge of the glass pane are also the peripheral side edge, the top edge and the bottom edge of the pane. The upper edge of the disc is intended to be arranged in the installed position in the upper region, while the opposite lower edge is intended to be arranged in the installed position in the lower region.

The electrically conductive coating is preferably not arranged in a surrounding, peripheral edge area of the glass pane. This encircling, peripheral edge area preferably borders directly on the encircling side edge and preferably has a width of 1 cm or less. In the installed position of the pane, the uncoated area serves as electrical insulation between the electrically conductive coating and the vehicle body.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least 2 linear areas are located in an edge area of the glass pane and the edge area is arranged in a strip-like manner along a lower edge of the glass pane. The edge area length is preferably from 10 cm to 100 cm and its width is preferably from 2 cm to 30 cm. The edge area is preferably arranged at a distance of 1 cm to 30 cm, particularly preferably from 1 cm to 15 cm, from the lower edge. The edge area is preferably the area which is provided as the resting position for the windshield wipers when the windshield is installed in a motor vehicle. Windshield wipers tend to ice up on the windshield in cold temperatures. The windscreen wipers can then no longer be moved from the rest position. Effective and efficient heating of this area can counteract this problem. The at least one print-free area preferably has an average width of 500 μm to 5 mm, preferably from 600 μm to 2 mm and in particular from 700 μm to 1 mm. In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the print-free area has a continuous width of 500 μm to 5 mm, preferably 600 μm to 2 mm and in particular 700 μm to 1 mm. This width has proven particularly effective in ensuring homogeneous heating. The at least 2 linear print areas preferably have a width of 1 μm to 5 mm, preferably 10 μm to 2 mm and in particular 100 μm to 1 mm.

The print-free area is formed by the adjacent line-shaped print areas. Apart from that, the at least two linear pressure areas can also fulfill an aesthetic purpose. In the installed position of the pane, the opaque pressure areas can, for example, partially cover adhesive beads, which serve to glue the pane in place. Alternatively, the print-free area is also arranged on an area of the glass pane coated with a black print. Combinations of these variants are also possible.

In a very particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the glass pane has the electrically conductive coating on the outer surface. In addition, according to process step (C), a thermoplastic film is arranged, preferably congruently, on the outer surface of the glass pane. A second glass pane is then arranged with one surface, preferably congruently, on the thermoplastic film, so that a stack of layers is formed. The stack of layers is then laminated to form a composite pane. After lamination, the thermoplastic film becomes a thermoplastic intermediate layer. The design of the pane as a composite pane makes it possible to use the pane as a windshield. In addition, the electrically conductive coating and thus also the pressure-free areas as well as any other possible structures such as busbars and/or connecting lines are hermetically sealed by gluing to the thermoplastic intermediate layer and are thus protected from damage and corrosion.

The layer stack is laminated under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure, the individual layers being connected (laminated) to one another by at least one thermoplastic film. Methods known per se can be used to produce a laminated pane. For example, so-called Autoclave processes can be carried out at an elevated pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours. Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 130°C to 145°C. The glass pane, the second glass pane and the thermoplastic film can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane. Plants of this type are known for the production of laminated panes and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C. Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more chambers that can be heated and evacuated, in which the outer pane and the inner pane can be laminated within, for example, about 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80°C to 170°C.

The thermoplastic film contains or consists of at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyurethane (PU) or copolymers or derivatives thereof, optionally in combination with polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, the thermoplastic film can also be, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, or a copolymer or mixture thereof.

The thermoplastic film is preferably designed as at least one thermoplastic composite film and contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers. The thermoplastic film preferably contains at least one plasticizer.

Plasticizers are chemical compounds that make plastics softer, more flexible, more supple and/or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of plastics to lower temperatures so that the plastics have the desired more elastic properties in the operating temperature range. Preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, especially low-volatility carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins and camphor. The thermoplastic film can be formed by a single film or by more than one film. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic foils arranged one on top of the other, the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer after lamination of the layer stack being preferably from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.

The thermoplastic film can also be a functional thermoplastic film, in particular a film with acoustically damping properties, a film reflecting infrared radiation, a film absorbing infrared radiation and/or a film absorbing UV radiation. For example, the thermoplastic film can also be a band filter film that blocks out narrow bands of visible light.

The glass pane and the optional second glass pane preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alumino-silicate glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, Polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.

The glass pane and the optional second glass pane can have other suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings.

The thickness of the individual panes (the pane of glass and, if applicable, the second pane of glass) can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Discs with standard thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm and preferably 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm are preferably used. The size of the discs can vary widely and depends on the use.

The glass pane and the optionally second glass pane can have a black print in some areas on the outer surface and/or the inner surface or the surface. The black print preferably contains at least one pigment and glass frits. It may contain other chemical compounds. The glass frits can be melted or melted and the black print can be permanently connected (fused or melted) to the glass surface become more united†). The pigment provides the opacity of the black print. The ink from which black print is formed contains at least the pigment and glass frits suspended in a liquid phase (solvent), for example water or organic solvents such as alcohols. The pigment is typically a black pigment such as carbon black, aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and/or graphite. The black print is preferably in the form of a frame and serves primarily as UV protection for the assembly adhesive on the windshield. The frame-like black print is often clearly enlarged towards the center of the pane in the area of the sensors.

The disk obtained by the method according to the invention can have any three-dimensional shape. The glass pane and the optional second glass pane preferably have no shadow zones, so that they can be coated by cathode sputtering, for example. Preferably, the glass pane and the optionally second glass pane are flat or slightly or strongly curved in one direction or in several spatial directions.

The invention also relates to a pane produced or producible using the method according to the invention.

The invention further relates to a pane according to the invention, comprising: a glass pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, an electrically conductive coating which is arranged at least in regions on the outer surface or the inner surface of the glass pane, at least 2 linear pressure areas which are caused by local decomposition of the electrically conductive Coating are made and at least one pressure-free area with the electrically conductive coating.

The at least one pressure-free area is arranged between the at least two linear pressure areas, with a heating current path running between a first connection area and a second connection area of the pressure-free area through the pressure-free area. The at least two linear pressure areas are designed in such a way that the heating current path is longer than the direct connection between the first and the second connection area. All statements that are described above in relation to the method according to the invention for producing a pane apply in the same way to the pane according to the invention. Furthermore, the invention extends to the use of the pane according to the invention in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, the pane being used, for example, as a windscreen, rear window, side windows and/or glass roof or as a component thereof can preferably be used as a windshield. The use of the pane according to the invention as a vehicle windshield or as a component thereof is preferred. The pane according to the invention can also be used as a functional and/or decorative individual piece and as a built-in part in furniture, appliances and buildings.

The various configurations of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and to be explained below can be used not only in the specified combinations, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments, reference being made to the attached figures. They show in a simplified representation that is not true to scale:

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a pane according to the invention,

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a pane according to the invention,

FIG. 2a shows a section of a cross section through the pane according to the invention from FIG. 2,

FIG. 3 an enlargement of the pressure areas applied by the method according to the invention,

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing the pane according to the invention,

FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention

Production of the disc according to the invention and

FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention

Production of the pane according to the invention as a composite pane.

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a pane 100 according to the invention. The glass 100 is formed in the shape of a rear glass in plan view. The pane 100 comprises a glass pane 1 with an inner surface i, an upper edge V, a lower edge VI and a peripheral side edge VII. The peripheral side edge VII thus includes the upper edge V, the lower edge VI and the left and right side edges. The glass pane 1 is transparent and consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and has a thickness of approximately 2.1 mm.

A transparent, electrically conductive coating 2 is completely applied to the inner surface i of the glass pane 1 . The edge area of the glass pane 1 (along the peripheral side edge VII) is not coated with the electrically conductive coating 2, this serves the electrical insulation between the electrically conductive coating 2 and the vehicle body. The electrically conductive coating 2 is, for example, a coating that has thin layers of an electrically conductive material that contains indium tin oxide.

The electrically conductive coating 2 has a surface resistance of 1.0 ohm/square, for example.

In an area near the bottom edge VI, and near the left and right side edges of the glass sheet 1, a pattern 7 is arranged. The area in which the pattern 7 is arranged usually serves as the place where windshield wipers are arranged in their rest position. The pattern 7 is, for example, 14 cm wide and 60 cm long and is designed in the manner of a strip in its extent. The dimension of the pattern 7 perpendicular to the lower edge VI of the glass pane 1 is understood as “width”. The dimension of the pattern 7 parallel to the lower edge VI of the glass pane 1 is accordingly understood as “length”. The pattern 7 is created with the formation of line-shaped print areas 11 during the method according to the invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the pattern 7 thus results from darker print areas 11 and transparent print-free areas 10 coated with the electrically conductive coating 2 (see, for example, FIG. 3).

The pattern 7 is electrically and materially connected in an upper edge area and in a lower edge area of the pattern 7 to a first and a second bus bar 8.1, 8.2. The first bus bar 8.1 is arranged along the upper edge area. The second bus bar 8.2 is arranged along the lower edge area. By the term "top edge area" it is meant that the edge area is closer to the top edge V than the bottom edge VI. Accordingly, by the expression "lower edge area" it is meant that the edge area is closer to the lower edge VI than to the upper edge V. The first and second busbars 8.1, 8.2 contain silver particles, for example, and were applied using the screen printing process and then burned in. The first and second busbars 8.1, 8.2 are in electrical contact with the non-printing areas 10 of the pattern 7 (see, for example, Figure 3). However, the first and the second bus bar 8.1, 8.2 are electrically insulated from the electrically conductive coating 2 outside the pattern 7 by an electrically insulating layer. The insulating layer is, for example, a polyimide-based polymeric coating. The first and the second bus bar 8.1, 8.2 have a constant thickness of in the example shown for example about 10 pm and a constant specific resistance of for example 2.3 pOhmvcm.

The first and the second bus bar 8.1, 8.2 are connected to a voltage source 9 via connecting lines 12.1, 12.2. The connecting lines 12.1, 12.2 can be embodied as foil conductors known per se, which are electrically conductively connected to the first and second busbars 8.1, 8.2 via a contact surface, for example by means of a soldering compound or an electrically conductive adhesive. The foil conductor contains, for example, a tinned copper foil with a width of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm. The foil conductors can merge into connecting cables that are connected to the voltage source 9 . The voltage source 9 provides, for example, an on-board voltage that is customary for motor vehicles, preferably from 12 V to 15 V and, for example, about 14 V. Alternatively, the voltage source 9 can also have higher voltages, for example from 35 V to 45 V and in particular 42 V.

As is customary in glazing technology, the first and the second bus bar 8.1, 8.2 and the connections as well as the connecting lines 12., 12.2 can be covered by opaque color layers known per se as a cover print (not shown here).

By applying an electrical voltage to the first and the second bus bar 8.1, 8.2, a current flows through the pressure-free areas 10 of the pattern 7. These are heated as a result of their electrical resistance and Joule heat development. The pressure-free areas 10 of the pattern 7 are formed sinusoidally between the first and the second bus bar 8.1, 8.2 (shown for example in FIG. 3). However, the pressure-free areas 10 of the pattern 7 can also be designed, for example, in a zigzag or meandering shape. When an electrical voltage is applied to the first and second busbars 8.1, 8.2, the length of the current path between the busbars 8.1, 8.2 is increased compared to the direct, straight distance between the busbars 8.1, 8.2. This increase in the current path leads to a reduction in the heat output when an electrical voltage is applied. This means that the desired heating power in the area of the pattern 7 can be set by a targeted production of the linear, opaque print areas 11 during the method according to the invention. The variant shown in FIGS. 2 and 2a essentially corresponds to the variant from FIG. 1, so that only the differences are discussed here and otherwise reference is made to the description of FIG.

Unlike what is described and illustrated in FIG. 1, the pane 100 according to the invention in FIGS. 2 and 2a is designed as a composite pane and in the form of a windshield. FIG. 2a shows a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 2. The cross-sectional view of FIG.

In addition to the first glass pane 1, the pane 100 comprises a second glass pane 6, which has an outer surface I and an inner surface II. The glass pane 1 and the second glass pane 6 are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 . The thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 is arranged between the outer surface a, III of the first glass pane 1 and the inner surface II of the second glass pane 6 . The second glass pane 6 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass, is transparent and has a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 is based on polyvinyl butyral, for example, and has a thickness of 0.5 mm. The glass pane 1 is transparent and consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and has a thickness of approximately 1.6 mm.

In contrast to what is shown in FIG. 1, the electrically conductive coating 2 is not applied to the inner surface i, IV of the glass pane 1, but to the outer surface a, III of the first glass pane 1. The pattern 7 with the pressure-free areas 10 and the pressure areas 11 is also arranged correspondingly on the outer surface a, III of the first glass pane 1 . The pattern 7 is visually recognizable when viewed through the pane 100 . The pattern 7 has the same dimensions as described for FIG. 1 and is arranged on the outer surface a, III of the first glass pane 1 locally parallel to the arrangement on the inner surface i of the glass pane 1 as described in FIG. The first and the second bus bar 8.1, 8.2 are in electrical and physical contact with the pressure-free areas 10, as described in FIG.

Due to the design of the pane 100 according to the invention as a composite pane, the electrically conductive coating 2 and the applied busbars 8.1, 8.2 are better protected against corrosion and other external influences. FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the pattern 7 from FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, which is electrically contacted via a first busbar 8.1 in the upper edge area and a second busbar 8.2 in the lower edge area. The first busbar 8.1 is electrically connected to all of the first connection areas and the second busbar 8.2 is electrically connected to all of the second connection areas. In the context of the invention, the connection areas mean the area of the pressure-free areas 10 which is provided for electrical contacting. The pressure-free areas 10 are areas which are coated with the electrically conductive 2 . The print areas 11 are areas which have been decoated by means of the baked print layer 3 . Each pressure-free area 10 has a first connection area and a second connection area. The pressure-free areas 10 and pressure areas 11 run in a sinusoidal manner from the first busbar 8.1 to the second busbar 8.2 (sine curves shown schematically). The sinusoidal lines of the pressure-free areas 10 have an average width of 500 μm to 5 mm, for example. "Width" is understood to be the dimension of the coated areas perpendicular to their extension. Instead of the sinusoidal course of the pressure-free areas 10 and the pressure areas 11, a zigzag course or a meandering course would also be possible.

If an electrical current flows through the pressure-free areas 10, they are heated as a result of their electrical resistance and by means of Joule heat development. The print areas 11 decoated by the method according to the invention are electrically non-conductive. The pressure areas 11 and the pressure-free areas 10 are arranged in alternating sinusoidal fashion. Due to the sinusoidal course of the pressure-free areas 10, the current path between the busbars 8.1, 8.2 is lengthened compared to the direct connection between the busbars 8.1, 8.2, which leads to a lower heating power due to the increased electrical resistance. The current path can be lengthened or shortened by changing the amplitude of the sine wave curve, with which the heating power can be precisely adjusted.

FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show the process steps of the method according to the invention for the production of various configurations of the disk 100, the initial stage, the product and the individual intermediate stages being represented by a vertical longitudinal section of the disk 100. FIG. In a first method step A, the uncoated glass pane 1 is provided. The glass pane 1 has an outer surface a, an inner surface i, a lower edge VI and an upper edge V. Viewed from above, the glass pane 1 has the same shape as that shown in FIG. The glass pane 1 is transparent and consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and has a thickness of approximately 2.1 mm.

In a second method step B, the electrically conductive coating 2 is applied to the inner surface i of the glass pane 1 over the entire surface. In contrast to what is shown here, the electrically conductive coating 2 could also be applied to the inner surface i of the glass pane 1 only in certain areas. The electrically conductive coating 2 is applied, for example, by means of cathode deposition supported by a magnetic field and has thin layers of an electrically conductive material which contains indium tin oxide.

In a third method step C, a printed layer 3 is applied in regions to the electrically conductive coating 2 by means of screen printing. The printed layer 3 is applied near the lower edge VI in an area that is intended as the resting position for the windshield wipers in the finished windshield 100 (as shown, for example, in FIG. 1). In the top view of the glass pane 1, a pattern 7 is formed by the application of the printed layer 3, which pattern consists of sinusoidally running printed areas 11 covered with the printed layer 3 and sinusoidally running printed areas 10. The printing layer 3 contains, for example, a pigment and glass frits. The glass frits are formed, for example, on the basis of bismuth zinc borate. The printed layer 3 has decomposing properties compared to the electrically conductive coating 2 .

In a fourth method step D, the print layer 3 is burned in, with the electrically conductive coating 2 underneath being decomposed and linear print areas 11 being formed. The pattern 7 formed from this is described in more detail for FIG. 3, for example. The line-shaped print areas 11 have no electrical conductivity and properties that do not reflect thermal radiation. The pattern 7 is intended to be electrically connected to a first busbar 8.1 and a second busbar 8.2, so that a heating current can flow through the pattern 7 (as described and shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3, for example). The first busbar 8.1 and the second busbar 8.2 are preferably connected to the pattern 7 in such a way that the current path between the busbars 8.1, 8.2 has the greatest possible length. The uncomplicated decoating of the glass pane 1 means that no additional steps are required beforehand when coating the glass pane 1 in step B, or that the coated glass pane 1 has to be decoated in some areas, for example by means of laser ablation (laser vaporization). A further process step for removing excess material after the decoating is also omitted, since the printed layer 3 is firmly connected to the glass pane 1 after firing.

The method steps shown in FIG. 5 essentially correspond to the variant from FIG. 4, so that only the differences are discussed here and otherwise reference is made to the description of FIG.

In a first method step A, FIG. 5 shows that a glass pane 1 is provided with a black print 4 applied to the inner surface i in the edge region. The black print 4 borders on the lower edge VI of the glass pane 1. The black print 4 consists, for example, of an electrically non-conductive material conventionally used for masking strips, for example a black-colored screen printing ink that is baked.

In a second method step B, the electrically conductive coating 2 is applied to the entire surface of the inner surface i of the glass pane 1 analogously to the second method step B from FIG. The electrically conductive coating 2 is thus also applied to the area of the inner surface i of the glass pane 1 which is covered with the black print 4 .

In a third method step C, a printed layer 3 is applied in regions to a section of the electrically conductive coating 2 by means of screen printing. The section printed in some areas with the printed layer 3 is intended as the resting position for the windshield wipers in the finished windshield 100 (as shown, for example, in FIG. 1). This creates a pattern 7 as described for FIG. 3, for example. In this case, the printed layer 3 is applied spatially directly to the electrically conductive coating 2 . The area of the rest position for the windscreen wipers is located entirely in the edge area of the glass pane 1, which is coated with the black print 4.

In a fourth method step D, the printed layer 3 is burned in analogously to the fourth method step D from FIG Pressure-free areas 10 arise (see, for example, Figure 3). The line-shaped print areas 11 have no electrical conductivity and properties that do not reflect thermal radiation. The non-printing areas 10 are coated with the electrically conductive coating 2 . Due to the black print 4 on the inner surface i of the glass pane 1, the pattern 7 is hardly or not at all visually perceptible to an observer.

In a fifth method step E, a first busbar 8.1 and a second busbar 8.2 are printed onto an edge region of the pattern 7. The busbars 8.1, 8.2 are intended to be connected to a voltage source 9. The first busbar 8.1 and the second busbar 8.2 are arranged on the pattern 7 in such a way that the current path between the busbars 8.1, 8.2 and through the pattern 7 is as large as possible (as described and shown in FIG. 3, for example). The first and the second bus bar 8.1, 8.2 contain silver particles, for example, and were applied using the screen printing process and then burned in.

The first and second bus bars 8.1, 8.2 are printed so that they are electrically insulated from the surrounding electrically heatable coating 2 minus the non-printing areas 10 within the pattern 7 (see, for example, Figure 3). The first and the second bus bar 8.1, 8.2 are electrically insulated from the electrically conductive coating 2 outside the pattern 7, for example by an electrically insulating layer. The insulating layer is, for example, a polyimide-based polymeric coating. In the example shown, the first and second busbars 8.1, 8.2 have a constant thickness of, for example, approximately 10 μm and a constant specific resistance of, for example, 2.3 pOhmvcm.

In contrast to FIGS. 4 and 5, FIG. 6 shows the method according to the invention for producing a pane 100 designed as a composite pane. The pane 100 obtained by means of the method shown here is a windshield, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 2a.

In a first method step A, the uncoated glass pane 1 is provided. The glass pane 1 has an outer surface a, III, an inner surface i, IV, a lower edge VI and an upper edge V. The glass pane 1 is transparent and consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and has a thickness of about 1.6 mm. In a second method step B, the electrically conductive coating 2 is applied completely to the outer surface a, III of the glass pane 1 minus an edge area of the glass pane 1 . The area running along the peripheral side edge VII is the edge area of the glass pane 1. The peripheral side edge VII includes the top edge V, the bottom edge VI and the left and right side edges of the glass pane 1. The edge area of the glass pane 1 has a width of 10 mm, for example . The “width” is understood to be the dimension of the edge region of the glass pane 1 perpendicular to the side edge VII of the glass pane 1.

The electrically conductive coating 2 is, for example, a transparent coating that reflects IR radiation. The electrically conductive coating 2 has, for example, three electrically conductive silver layers which are separated from one another by dielectric layers.

In a third method step C, a printed layer 3 is applied in regions to the electrically conductive coating 2 by means of screen printing. The printed layer 3 is applied near the lower edge VI in an area that is intended as the resting position for the windshield wipers in the finished windshield 100 (as shown, for example, in FIG. 2). In the plan view of the glass pane 1, a pattern 7 is formed by the application of the printed layer 3, which consists of sinusoidally running areas covered with the printed layer 3 and sinusoidally running pressure-free areas 10. The printing layer 3 contains, for example, a pigment and glass frits. The glass frits are formed, for example, on the basis of bismuth zinc borate. The printed layer 3 has decomposing properties compared to the electrically conductive coating 2 .

In a fourth method step D, the printed layer 3 is burned in, with the electrically conductive coating 2 underneath being decomposed and linear printed areas 11 being produced, as described for example for FIG. The line-shaped print areas 11 have no electrical conductivity and properties that do not reflect thermal radiation. The pattern 7 is intended to be electrically connected to a first busbar 8.1 and a second busbar 8.2, so that a heating current can flow through the pressure-free areas 10 (as described and shown in FIG. 3, for example). The first busbar 8.1 and the second busbar 8.2 are preferably connected to the pattern 7 in such a way that the current path between the busbars 8.1, 8.2 has the greatest possible length. In a fifth method step E, a thermoplastic film 5 ′ is arranged over the entire surface on the uncoated inner surface i, IV of the glass pane 1 and the electrically conductive coating 2 . The thermoplastic film 5' is based on polyvinyl butyral, for example.

In a sixth method step F, a second glass pane 6 is arranged over the entire surface and congruently on the surface of the thermoplastic film 5' facing away from the glass pane 1, and the resulting layer stack is laminated to form the pane 100 according to the invention. During the lamination, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 is formed from the thermoplastic film 5'. The lamination is carried out, for example, using the autoclave method at an elevated pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours. The second glass pane 6 has an inner surface II facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 and an outer surface I facing away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 . The second glass pane 6 is transparent and consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and has a thickness of approximately 2.1 mm.

The electrically conductive coating 2 is protected from corrosion by the arrangement between the first glass pane 1 and the second glass pane 6 .

reference list

1 pane of glass

2 electrically conductive coating

3 layer of printing

4 black print

5 thermoplastic intermediate layer 5' thermoplastic film

6 second pane of glass 7 patterns

8.1 first busbar

8.2 second bus bar

9 voltage source

10 Pressure-free area 11 Pressure area

12.1, 12.2 connecting lines 100 disc

Outer surface of glass pane 1 Inner surface of glass pane 1

Outer surface of the second glass pane 6 in a laminated pane Inner surface of the second glass pane 6 in a laminated pane Outer surface of the glass pane 1 in a laminated pane

V inner surface of the glass pane 1 in a laminated pane

V top edge

VI lower edge

VII circumferential side edge

A-A' cross section through disk 100 of Figure 2

A first step in the process

B second process step

C third process step

D fourth process step

E fifth process step

F sixth process step

Claims

patent claims

Claims 1. A method of making a disk (100), wherein:

(A) a glass pane (1) with an outer surface (a) and an inner surface (i) is provided, the outer surface (a) or inner surface (i) of which has an electrically conductive coating (2) at least in regions,

(B) a printed layer (3) is applied to at least two linear areas of the electrically conductive coating (2), and

(C) the printed layer (3) is burned in, the electrically conductive coating (2) under the printed layer (3) being decomposed and an opaque, linear printed area (11) arising from each linear area with the printed layer (3), whereby at least one pressure-free area (10) with the electrically conductive coating (2) is located between the at least two linear pressure areas (11), the at least one pressure-free area (10) forming a heating current path that runs between a first connection area and a second connection area, and wherein the at least two opaque, linear print areas (11) are formed in such a way that the heating current path is longer than the direct connection between the first and the second connection area.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least two linear areas of the electrically conductive coating (2) to which the printing layer (3) is applied, run essentially next to each other, preferably essentially parallel, based on their direction of extension, and the at least one Pressure-free area (10) is formed like a strip.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in method step (B) the printed layer (3) is applied to n linear areas of the electrically conductive coating (2), where n is a natural number and greater than 2, preferably greater than 10, particularly preferably greater 30 and in particular greater than 100, and wherein there are (n-1) print-free areas (10) with the electrically conductive coating (2) between the n linear print areas (11).

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least two linear areas of the electrically conductive coating (2) to which the printed layer (3) is applied are sinusoidal, meandering or zigzag-shaped or a combination thereof .

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in method step (A) first (A1) the glass pane (1) is provided, and then

(A2) the electrically conductive coating (2) by means of a magnetic field-assisted

Cathode sputtering is applied to the outer surface (a) or the inner surface (i) of the glass pane (1).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the electrically conductive

Coating (2) has three electrically conductive silver layers which are separated from one another by dielectric layers.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein after method step (A), (B) or (C) a first busbar (8.1) is applied to all of the first connection areas and a second busbar (8.2) to all of the second connection areas , and the first and the second bus bar (8.1, 8.2) are intended to be connected to a voltage source (9).

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first busbar (8.1) and the second busbar (8.2) are applied to the first and the second connection area by laying, gluing or soldering.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the printed layer (3) contains a pigment and glass frits, and the glass frits are formed on the basis of bismuth-zinc-borate.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the at least 2 linear areas are located in an edge area of the glass pane (1) and the edge area is arranged in strips along a lower edge (VI) of the glass pane (1).

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one pressure-free area (10) has an average width of 500 μm to 5 mm, preferably from 600 μm to 2 mm and in particular from 700 μm to 1 mm.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the at least one pressure-free area (10) has a continuous width of 500 μm to 5 mm, preferably 600 μm to 2 mm and in particular 700 μm to 1 mm.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the electrically conductive coating (2) is applied to the outer surface (a) of the glass pane (1), and after method step (C) a thermoplastic film (5') is applied to the outer surface ( a) is arranged, and then a second glass pane (6) is arranged with one surface on the thermoplastic film (5') so that a stack of layers is formed, and then the stack of layers is laminated to form a composite pane.

14. Disc (100) produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. Use of a pane (100) according to claim 14 in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, for example as a windshield, rear window, side windows and/or glass roof or as a component thereof, preferably as a windshield.