WO2022166989A1 - 一种视力训练装置及其方法 - Google Patents

一种视力训练装置及其方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022166989A1
WO2022166989A1 PCT/CN2022/075542 CN2022075542W WO2022166989A1 WO 2022166989 A1 WO2022166989 A1 WO 2022166989A1 CN 2022075542 W CN2022075542 W CN 2022075542W WO 2022166989 A1 WO2022166989 A1 WO 2022166989A1
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training
optotype
visual
vision
trainee
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PCT/CN2022/075542
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘振灏
刘振勃
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刘振灏
刘振勃
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Application filed by 刘振灏, 刘振勃 filed Critical 刘振灏
Priority to AU2022215766A priority Critical patent/AU2022215766A1/en
Priority to US18/264,549 priority patent/US20240041691A1/en
Priority to EP22749268.3A priority patent/EP4289410A1/en
Priority to KR1020237030844A priority patent/KR20230144602A/ko
Publication of WO2022166989A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022166989A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H5/00—Exercisers for the eyes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H5/00—Exercisers for the eyes
    • A61H5/005—Exercisers for training the stereoscopic view
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/16—Shades; shields; Obturators, e.g. with pinhole, with slot
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/16—Physical interface with patient
    • A61H2201/1602—Physical interface with patient kind of interface, e.g. head rest, knee support or lumbar support
    • A61H2201/1604—Head
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/50—Control means thereof
    • A61H2201/5023—Interfaces to the user
    • A61H2201/5043—Displays
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2205/00—Devices for specific parts of the body
    • A61H2205/02—Head
    • A61H2205/022—Face
    • A61H2205/024—Eyes

Definitions

  • the invention mainly relates to the field of vision training for improving poor vision and inhibiting the deepening of myopia, in particular to a vision training device and a method thereof.
  • myopia which also causes blurred and decreased vision, resulting in poor vision.
  • Acquired myopia is generally caused by too much reading or close-range homework and being too close.
  • the optotype and visual image are presented at a close distance, and the center of the near reflex pathway needs long-term activation to increase and maintain the accommodation of the eyes.
  • the ciliary muscle inside the eye and the external The internal rotator muscles need to be maintained in a contracted state for a long time.
  • Partial maintenance (accommodation spasm), at this time, although the eye is looking at the distant visual target, but due to the partial maintenance of the increased accommodation, the visual target and visual image are not focused on the retina, resulting in blurred vision and decreased vision. vision.
  • pseudo-myopia The accommodative spasm caused by the continuous contraction of the ciliary muscle produces what is clinically called pseudo-myopia. If this situation continues, it will cause the eye axis to overextend beyond the normal growth rate, resulting in true myopia.
  • pseudo-myopia will persist, and at the same time, true myopia will continue to be aggravated, that is, the high myopia rate of students and the degree of myopia every year that are often seen in clinical practice are increasing by one or two Baidu. Phenomenon.
  • the binocular visual axis is cohesive for a long time.
  • This position requires long-term activation of the extraocular muscles responsible for cohesion.
  • the extraocular muscles responsible for abduction will be simultaneously affected. Inhibition, over time, the extraocular muscles responsible for cohesion will be overstrengthened (more developed and more muscular) and easily activated, while the extraocular muscles responsible for abduction will be overly weakened (more and more). weaker and less muscular tone) resulting in decreased ability.
  • the muscle tension of the two groups of opposing extraocular muscles will become unbalanced and tend to incline in the direction of cohesion, assisting the occurrence and progression of pseudo-myopia and true myopia in a vicious circle.
  • Myopia treatment and correction methods currently used in clinical and on the market include the following categories:
  • the lens for correcting refractive errors in myopia is a concave lens, which shifts the center and peripheral focus of the center and peripheral vision after refraction by the cornea and lens back, in order to focus the distant center image, but At the same time, the distant peripheral vision will be moved further back, thereby aggravating the peripheral hyperopic defocus phenomenon of the retina.
  • the unfocused central and peripheral vision will stimulate the visual center of the brain, and the latter has to activate the center of the near reflex pathway in the midbrain in order to obtain relatively clear vision, causing the ciliary muscle to contract (prolonged contraction can cause spasm) state), making the surface curvature and anteroposterior diameter of the lens larger (continuously larger when the ciliary muscle spasm), resulting in an increase in accommodation (continuously increasing when the ciliary muscle spasm) to focus the vision, generally only reaching the focus of the central vision , because the focus of peripheral vision requires stronger adjustment to achieve, and at this time, the focus of central vision will move forward to the front of the central retina, resulting in a new round of myopic refractive error.
  • OK lens invasive
  • the cornea is easily damaged, infection and scarring cause permanent loss of vision, and keratoconus occurs from time to time.
  • Atropine drugs are toxic and cause side effects, such as: rapid heartbeat, fever, dry eyes and dry mouth; long-term use, harmful ultraviolet rays easily enter the eyeball, causing retinal and macular degeneration. So the concentration used over the years has been decreasing significantly, but the toxicity is still and the effect is not good. The toxicity of the latest ultra-low concentration atropine 0.01% remains to be seen, but the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory.
  • the existing vision training methods to offset myopia and refractive error include the following:
  • the eye movement training implemented by hospitals, optometry shops, vision training centers, etc., is to move both eyes in one direction at the same time. For example, when both eyes look to the right at the same time, the right eye is abducted and the left eye is retracted. When the eyes look at the lower left, the right eye is inward and the left eye is outward and outward.
  • the adducted eye especially the downwardly adducted eye, may activate the center of the near reflex pathway to cause an increase in accommodation, while strengthening the medial rectus and superior oblique muscles that increase myopia. So this type of training can at least result in an increase in accommodation by having one eye down and adducted and is not conducive to weakening the medial rectus and superior oblique muscles that increase myopia.
  • the present invention develops a new and unique device and a systematic training method for its development, aiming to restore and maintain peak visual acuity by early intervention for poor vision caused by myopia. At the same time, avoid, slow down or prevent the occurrence and development of pseudo-myopia and true myopia.
  • the present invention provides a vision training device, characterized in that it includes:
  • a binocular vision separation device comprising a double baffle plate and an adjustment unit
  • the double baffle plate includes two baffle plates movably connected to form an included angle
  • the adjustment unit is used to adjust the included angle between the two baffle plates
  • the display screen is divided into left and right visual fields by the double partitions.
  • the present invention further provides a vision training device, characterized in that:
  • the double baffle plate includes a training side and a near-screen side, the training side is arranged on the movable connection side, the near-screen side is the opposite side of the training side, and the near-screen side is close to the display screen to The left and right fields of view are separated.
  • the present invention further provides a vision training device, characterized in that:
  • the adjustment unit is arranged between the two partitions near the near-screen side, and includes an adjustment knob and an adjustment telescopic bracket, wherein the adjustment telescopic bracket is telescopically connected to the two partitions, and the two partitions are telescopically adjusted through the adjustment knob. the angle between the plates.
  • the present invention further provides a vision training device, characterized in that:
  • the training side further includes any one of a forehead rest and a chin rest, and the distance between the training side and the display screen is ⁇ 45cm.
  • the present invention further provides a vision training device, characterized in that:
  • the color of the double separator is a matte charcoal black.
  • the invention also discloses a training method using any of the above-mentioned vision training devices, which is used for the vision correction of the trainee, and is characterized in that:
  • Step 1 setting the distance between the two partitions on the near-screen side according to the first eye position of the trainee
  • step 2 at least two movable training optotypes are provided on the left and right sides of the separated display screen respectively, and the training optotypes respectively start from the first eye position of the trainee and move toward the temporal side of the left and right eyes respectively. The direction moves, and the left and right eyes of the trainee track the training optotype respectively;
  • Step 3 when the reverse fusion image obtained by the visual center of the brain of the trainee appears superimposed, the two training optotypes return to the first eye position respectively through the original paths;
  • Step 4 repeat the above steps at least twice;
  • the interpupillary distance at the beginning of the training is increased by 2-30 mm compared with the interpupillary distance at the first eye position.
  • the present invention further provides a training method, characterized in that,
  • the length of the training optotype ranges from 5 mm to 60 mm, and the aspect ratio or width to length ratio is between 1 and 5.
  • the present invention further provides a training method, characterized in that,
  • the central training optotype moves at a speed of 0.1° ⁇ 3°/sec.
  • the present invention further provides a training method, characterized in that,
  • the central training optotype includes any one of 3D optotype, pattern optotype, text optotype, pattern and text combination optotype, and pattern and color combination optotype.
  • the present invention also provides a training method using any of the above-mentioned vision training devices for vision correction of a trainee, characterized in that:
  • Step 1 setting the distance between the two partitions on the near-screen side according to the first eye position of the trainee
  • step 2 at least two movable central training optotypes are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the separated display screen, and the interpupillary distance is increased by 2-30 mm when the central training optotype is located at the first eye position;
  • Step 3 on the one side of the display screen, at least the first and second peripheral training optotypes are provided at the temporal side 25° ⁇ 60° position of the trainee's visual field;
  • Step 4 the first peripheral training optotype moves to the second peripheral training optotype near the temporal side;
  • Step 5 when the visual center of the trainee's brain obtains the overlapping of the first and second peripheral training optotypes, the original path of the first peripheral training optotype returns to the starting position;
  • Step 6 repeat the above steps at least twice;
  • the interpupillary distance at the beginning of the training is increased by 2-30 mm compared with the interpupillary distance at the first eye position.
  • the present invention further provides a training method, characterized in that,
  • the position of 25°-60° on the temporal side of the trainee's visual field is equal to the visual axis angle of the first eye position.
  • the present invention further provides a training method, characterized in that,
  • the background color of the peripheral training optotype includes gray, and the color of the peripheral training optotype includes matte black.
  • the present invention further provides a training method, characterized in that,
  • the area of the peripheral training optotype is at least 16 times the area of the central training optotype.
  • the present invention recovers and maintains the peak visual acuity through a brand-new systematic training, and performs early intervention for the poor visual acuity caused by myopia. At the same time, avoid, slow down or prevent the occurrence and development of pseudo-myopia and true myopia.
  • Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the use state of the vision training device of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of the vision training device of the present invention (including double clapboard and display screen);
  • Figures 3a-3c are schematic diagrams showing three situations of training the optotype moving in different directions on the display screen
  • Figure 4a shows a schematic diagram of the surrounding training optotypes A and B being fixed
  • Figures 4b to 4d are schematic diagrams showing that the peripheral training optotype B is fixed, the peripheral training optotype A moves to B, and A stops moving when A and B overlap;
  • Figures 4e-4g are schematic diagrams showing that the peripheral training optotype A moves away from the training optotype B in the opposite direction, until A and B appear superimposed, and then A stops moving.
  • orientations indicated by the orientation words such as “front, rear, top, bottom, left, right", “horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal” and “top, bottom” etc.
  • positional relationship is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and these orientations do not indicate or imply the indicated device or element unless otherwise stated. It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it cannot be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the application; the orientation words “inside and outside” refer to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.
  • spatially relative terms such as “on”, “over”, “on the surface”, “above”, etc., may be used herein to describe what is shown in the figures.
  • spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “above” or “over” other devices or features would then be oriented “below” or “over” the other devices or features under other devices or constructions”.
  • the exemplary term “above” can encompass both an orientation of "above” and “below.”
  • the device may also be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptions used herein interpreted accordingly.
  • the present invention adopts the method of binocular separation training separately, and uses the training display interface similar to the field character grid during training, and the technical scheme of adopting this training is described as follows:
  • the common visual field and visual field of both eyes are divided into independent visual fields and visual fields of each monocular by specially designed separation, and each monocular cannot see the visual target and visual field of the other monocular.
  • the front view of the single eyeball and the range of the eyeball rotation visual axis are defined by the shape of the word "Tian", then the relative position of the optotype in the visual field of the word “Tian” will determine the visual axis after the eyeball is rotated.
  • the relative position of the "Tian” character range in general, when the eye is at the first eye position, the visual axis falls on the center point of the "Tian character grid". According to Herring's Law, the brain will move the respective visual axis directions of the eyes to overlap the optotype.
  • the eyes do not need to be cohesive or abducted, because the visual acuity in space
  • the marker is located directly in front of the eye axis.
  • the eyes need to be cohesive to achieve the superimposition of the respective visual axis directions of the eyes on the optotype.
  • the brain will activate the center of the near reflex pathway of the midbrain to require the cohesive movement of the eyes to make the visual axis face the target, and at the same time, the ciliary muscle will contract to change the curvature and anteroposterior diameter of the lens to increase the adjustment to focus this closer.
  • the medial rectus, inferior rectus, and superior oblique muscles contract; the lateral rectus, superior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles relax.
  • the function of the near reflex pathway will increase the contraction and adjustment of the ciliary muscle in the eyes of the child who is looking down at a book.
  • the function of the near reflex pathway is no longer needed, and the ciliary muscle and adjustment should be completely from the tension state.
  • the ciliary muscle and accommodation often do not fully return to the original relaxed state, resulting in the common occurrence of pseudo-myopia and true myopia.
  • the respective visual axes of the eyes need to be turned to the nasal side to achieve binocular vision (Herling's law), and this internal rotation requires synchronized contraction of the medial rectus muscle And the relaxation of the lateral rectus muscle to achieve the effect of internal rotation of the eye axis of both eyes at the same time.
  • the brain needs to activate the center of the proximal reflex pathway, and at the same time cause the ciliary muscle to contract and cause an increase in regulation. Therefore, the position of the optotype on the nasal side of a "field-shaped grid" is not good. For a person with false or true myopia, this situation is even worse, because it will cause the activation of the near reflex pathway and cause internal rotation. , ciliary muscle contraction and aggravated regulation, which are exactly what we want to avoid.
  • the eye axis should avoid entering the nasal side that needs to be avoided, especially the subnasal space.
  • the temporal space is the best because the medial rectus, superior oblique and inferior oblique muscles are not required to move the eye axis to this area. Therefore, the field of vision that is beneficial to training is selected in the upper and lower quadrants of the temporal side of the "Tianzi grid".
  • the scope description of the field grid is a more suitable training display interface.
  • the field-shaped grid training optotypes appear in special positions of the visual field, corresponding to the upper and lower quadrants of the temporal side of the "field-shaped grid", which can achieve favorable training effects.
  • the present invention trains the specific movement direction of the optotype (coordinates the main movement direction and angle of the specifically trained extraocular muscles, the application of Herring's law and Sherrington's law).
  • the training guides both eyes to make abducted eye movements looking at the temporal side through the moving direction of the optotype, and at the same time inhibits the need for cohesive movement, so the brain needs to inhibit the activation of the center of the midbrain near reflex pathway to make false and true myopia. Contractile spasm of the inner ciliary muscle and increased accommodation of the lens have a chance to return to normal.
  • the visual processing center of the brain is used to sense the respective optotypes collected by the two monocular eyes. , they will be fused together to obtain the effect of binocular vision, which can simultaneously increase the activation of the center of the inhibitory near reflex pathway, relax the ciliary muscle from contraction and spasticity, restore the anteroposterior diameter of the lens from the enlarged state to normal, and strengthen it at the same time. Abduct the extraocular muscles and weaken the cohesive extraocular muscles.
  • Optotypes of the same species are provided to each of the two monocular eyes, or may be specially designed to have complementary differences.
  • the visual processing center of the brain senses the respective optotypes collected by the two monocular eyes, it will be convenient to fuse them together to obtain the 3D stereoscopic optotype effect of binocular monovision.
  • the 3D stereoscopic optotype and visual feedback greatly enhance the inhibition of the near-reflex pathway center, strengthen the abducted extraocular muscles and weaken the cohesive extraocular muscles, and obtain the effects of eliminating ciliary muscle spasm and relaxing adjustment.
  • All three training methods require the visual center of the brain to use the reverse fusion mechanism to achieve the goal of binocular monovision. Since these training methods are simultaneously training and increasing the ability of reverse fusion (easier to perform reverse fusion) and range (for example, the reverse range is improved from 0 to 40mm to 0 to 50mm), it will achieve and strengthen the purpose of training. .
  • the present invention also specifically provides:
  • the brain will either statically fuse (when the target does not move) or dynamically (when the target is moving, a slow tracking mechanism that needs to be applied to the brain) ), so the optotype can be presented in static and dynamic and mixed ways to achieve a stimulating effect.
  • the above regulations for training optotypes 1 to 4 are partly aimed at avoiding the "Texler evanescent effect" to avoid visual fatigue, maintain training concentration, and prolong the stimulation time, so as to increase the inhibition of the near reflex. In the center of the pathway, it strengthens the abducted extraocular muscles and weakens the cohesive extraocular muscles, so as to eliminate the spasm of the ciliary muscle and relax the adjustment.
  • the above training optotype content and presentation method can achieve continuous attraction, focus, interaction, interest and education. It can also achieve the most efficient inhibition of the near reflex pathway center at the most economical time cost, strengthen the abducted extraocular muscles and weaken the cohesive extraocular muscles, eliminate ciliary muscle spasm, and relax regulation.
  • composition of the training device of the present invention will be described below with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
  • the training device includes a binocular visual field separating device 100 and a display screen 200 , the former is used to separate the binocular visual field into independent visual fields of each eye, and the latter is used to provide movable training visual targets for the monocular in the independent visual field areas.
  • the binocular vision separation device 100 includes a double baffle 1, the double baffle is composed of two baffles that are open on one side and connected to a certain angle on the opposite side, and the size of each baffle is: the length of the bottom side is about 42cm (between 40cm-45cm, not limited to this length range), the height range is about 15cm-45cm (not limited to this height range, determined according to the height of the display screen 200).
  • the color of the dual partition 1 is a matte charcoal black.
  • the connected opposite sides constitute the training side 6 , and the open side thereof constitutes the near-screen side 3 for approaching the display screen 200 .
  • the double partition plate 100 can be folded to adjust the angle between the two partition plates.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of an adjustment unit 5, the adjustment unit 5 is arranged between the two partitions on the near-screen side 3, and includes an adjustment knob 51 and an adjustment telescopic bracket 52, wherein the adjustment The telescopic bracket 52 is telescopically connected to the two partitions, and is telescopically adjusted through the adjustment knob 51 provided on it, thereby adjusting the included angle between the two partitions.
  • the connection between the double baffles 1 of the binocular vision separation device 100 is the training side 6, that is, close to the head and face of the trainee, and is designed to be a curved surface that conforms to the contours of the human face.
  • the open end of the double baffle 1 forms the near-screen side 3, that is, close to the display screen 200.
  • the adjustment knob 51 of the opening size it can be adjusted according to the pupil distance of the trainee's eyes when they are in the first eye position. , so that the pupillary distance of both eyes during training is not less than the pupillary distance at the first eye position.
  • a non-slip bottom edge 2 is used to stably place the double partition 1 on a flat table top.
  • a detachable forehead rest 7 or chin rest 8 for the comfort of the trainee.
  • the double partitions 100 are placed between the display screen 200 and the eyes of the trainee, so that the training can avoid the above two disadvantages.
  • double partitions when each eye looks at the optotype, it will not be attracted and interfered by the optotype in the opposite field of view.
  • the opening size of the double baffles will be adjusted to match his pupil distance, thus avoiding the appearance of the visual field of each eye on the nasal side, and reaching the target only A training objective that appears in the trainee's favorable temporal field of vision.
  • FIG. 2 further illustrates a schematic diagram of the combination of the separating device 100 and the display screen 200 of the present invention.
  • the display screen 200 presents a combination of two square-shaped grids.
  • the near-screen side 3 of the separation device 100 is close to the surface of the display screen 200.
  • the separation device 100 separates the entire display screen into the display screen 200 on both sides and the blocking area 4 in the middle.
  • the central training optotype 300 of the screen 200 moves according to a certain rule, and the trainee on the training side 6 observes the movement track of the central training optotype 300 to achieve the effect of training.
  • the coordinate position and application of the selective central training optotype 300 when the eyes are in front of the first eye position, the distance between the eyes is just the pupil distance when the eyes are not cohesive or abducted, and the coordinates of the central training optotype are just right.
  • a "field" shaped field of view quadrant At the center point of a "field" shaped field of view quadrant.
  • the Y-axis passing through the center point defines the nasal and temporal quadrants, the nasal quadrant being prone to near-reflex pathways.
  • the X-axis through the center point defines the upper and lower quadrant fields of view, with the nasal side of the lower quadrant being the most susceptible to near reflex pathways.
  • the most favorable quadrant visual field for training is the upper and lower quadrants of the temporal side
  • the first and fourth quadrants of his right eye and the second and third quadrants of his left eye are the most favorable quadrant visual fields for vision training, so the central training optotype we use is only will appear in these ranges.
  • the other quadrants are not used because the three extraocular muscles, the lateral rectus, superior rectus, and inferior rectus, are maximized, while avoiding activation of the near-reflex pathway center.
  • the left and right eyes may have a horizontal (left to right) or vertical (up and down) deviation.
  • the most serious deviation is the vertical deviation, and a small deviation may cause visual disturbance. Therefore, before the training starts, there is an operation function to adjust and correct the position of the optotype, so as to put the eye axis of both eyes in a state and position where the deviation is neutralized, so that the left and right eyes are in a relatively neutral state and position from the beginning.
  • the pupils of the trainee's eyes are at the most accurate training starting point relative to the X-axis and the Y-axis, the deviation caused by the trainer's head misalignment and invisible strabismus has been eliminated. Undesirable interference caused by deviation.
  • the distance between the central training optotype and the trainee is adjusted according to the type of monitor. For general computer and tablet computer monitors, it should be maintained at not less than 45cm; when using a TV or a large projection screen, the usual viewing distance should be used. prevail.
  • the contact points of the extraocular muscles and the eyeball have a relatively fixed positional relationship.
  • the contact points of the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus and inferior rectus with the eyeball are all in front of the eyeball equator. Both the superior and inferior oblique muscles make contact with the eyeball behind the equator.
  • the angle of the superior and inferior obliques relative to the visual axis is 51°, while the angle of the superior and inferior rectus muscles relative to the visual axis is 23°, and the medial rectus and the medial orbit are close Parallel so the angle to the visual axis is close to 0°, the lateral rectus muscle and the lateral side of the orbit are close to parallel so the angle to the visual axis is close to 45°.
  • each extraocular muscle contraction will have its primary effect on the rotation of the eye axis, secondary role and third role.
  • the secondary or tertiary role of an extraocular muscle can override or differ from its own primary role.
  • the training we designed is to intentionally move the eye axis to the favorable "Tianzige" quadrant field of view, so as to train and strengthen the specific extraocular muscles that are weakened in pseudo-myopia and true myopia, while weakening them at the same time. Specific extraocular muscles that are strengthened in pseudomyopia and true myopia.
  • the eyes When looking at the visual field of the nasal quadrant for a long time, in order to obtain and maintain binocular vision, according to Herring's law, the eyes need to use the medial rectus muscle for a long time to cohere (the primary function of the medial rectus muscle is adduction) to maintain The axis of the eye is deviated from the nasal quadrant visual field, which is easy to cause the occurrence and development of myopia, and even more, when the eyes look at the visual field of the lower nasal quadrant when reading, it is necessary to use the medial rectus muscle and the superior oblique muscle to move the visual axis.
  • the medial rectus muscle and inferior oblique muscle need to be used to move the visual axis to the upper nasal side that causes myopia to occur and develop (when the medial rectus muscle adducts the eye axis, the lower
  • the secondary action of the obliques overrides the primary action and shifts the axis of the eye to the upper side of the nose).
  • Sherrington's Law the lateral rectus, superior rectus, and inferior rectus are all chronically inhibited and weakened.
  • the moving direction of the visual target during training is to move the eye axis of the trainee to the favorable temporal side, superior temporal side or Inferotemporal (ie, the first and fourth quadrants of the right eye, and the second and third quadrants of the left eye).
  • the visual center of the brain will instruct the corresponding extraocular muscle nuclei in the brainstem to make the eyes simultaneously use the outer straight
  • the muscle is abducted (the primary function of the lateral rectus muscle is abduction) to maintain the temporal axis of the eye.
  • the lateral rectus and superior rectus need to be used (when the lateral rectus abducts the eye axis, the primary role of the superior rectus muscle is strengthened, and the axis is turned up to the superior temporal).
  • the lateral rectus and inferior rectus need to be used (when the lateral rectus abducts the eye axis, the primary role of the inferior rectus muscle is strengthened, while the lower rectus muscle inferior temporal). According to Sherrington's Law, this achieves strengthening of the lateral rectus, superior rectus and inferior rectus, while simultaneously inhibiting and weakening the muscle tone of the medial rectus, superior and inferior obliques.
  • the movement law of the central training optotype 300 of the present invention is as follows:
  • the trainee's eyes are in the first eye position, that is, the center position of the field grid, corresponding to the positions A1 and A2 in Figure 2, respectively, and the training starts.
  • the direction and trajectory of the central training optotype 300 are:
  • the lateral rectus muscle is specifically trained to abduct the eye axis from 0° (90° to the temporal side).
  • sequence of the movement direction of the central training optotype 300 can also be combined arbitrarily, for example: first outward, then upward (or downward), and then outward...etc.
  • the first eye position refers to the first eye position when both eyes are looking at a long-distance (above 6m) target on the true horizontal plane, and the two eyes are in the same direction and parallel to the front.
  • the distance between the two is slightly larger than the interpupillary distance of the first eye position of the trainee, usually at least the interpupillary distance+2mm, and the starting positions of the two central training optotypes correspond to the diagrams respectively.
  • A1 and A2 in 2.
  • the central training optotype 300 is performed along the angular direction of the axial movement of the eye required for the training.
  • the end point is when the highest value of reverse fusion is reached, that is, when the central training optotype 300 on the display screen 200 is observed by both eyes, the brain cannot perform reverse fusion, and the superimposition begins to appear as the end position.
  • the above training is based on the application of Herring's law and Sherrington's law.
  • the purpose is to use the presentation of static or dynamic training visual objects in the upper and lower visual fields of the temporal side of the eyes, and to guide the vision according to the requirements of Herring's law for binocular vision.
  • the activation of the reverse fusion mechanism to achieve and maintain the purpose of training.
  • the central training optotype 300 is statically located or dynamically presented along the major direction and extent of movement of a particular extraocular muscle so as to most effectively activate and strengthen the extraocular muscles of the abductor muscles while weakening the ocular muscles of the cohesive muscles external muscle.
  • Figure 3a shows a schematic diagram of the trainee's left and right visual fields and their reverse fusion with the visual center of the brain when the central training optotype 300 in Figure 2 moves in the horizontal directions A1-C1 and A2-C2.
  • the left and middle columns respectively illustrate the images of the left and right visual fields during the process of the central training optotype 300 moving from A1, A2 to C1, C2 and back to A1, A2, respectively, and the right column is that the two images are processed by the visual center of the brain.
  • the central training optotype 300 stops moving to the temporal side, and starts to move back to the starting position in the opposite direction.
  • Figure 3b shows a schematic diagram of the trainee's left and right visual fields and their reverse fusion with the visual center of the brain when the central training optotype 300 in Figure 2 moves obliquely upward in the directions A1-B1 and A2-B2.
  • the left and middle columns respectively illustrate the images of the left and right visual fields during the process of the central training optotype 300 moving from A1, A2 to B1, B2 and back to A1, A2, respectively, and the right column is that the two images are processed by the visual center of the brain.
  • the central training optotype 300 stops moving to the upper temporal side, and starts to move back to the starting position in the opposite direction.
  • Figure 3c shows a schematic diagram of the trainee's left and right visual fields and their reverse fusion with the visual center of the brain when the central training optotype 300 in Figure 2 moves obliquely downward in the directions A1-D1 and A2-D2.
  • the left and middle columns respectively show the images of the left and right visual fields in the process of the central training optotype 300 moving from A1, A2 to D1, D2 and back to A1, A2, respectively, and the right column is that the two images are processed by the visual center of the brain.
  • the central training optotype 300 stops moving to the lower temporal side, and starts to move back to the starting position in the opposite direction.
  • the central training optotype seen by the left and right monocular eyes of the trainee when the optotype moves, the two eyes are merged to combine the optotypes of the two figures into a complete and clear optotype.
  • the optotype continues When moving, the complete and clear optotype will appear superimposed, and the optotype movement will be stopped at this time.
  • the central training optotype 300 of the present invention can also use a 3D stereo optotype to replace the above-mentioned 2D training optotype.
  • the visual processing area of the brain will be more interested in and pay attention to the stereoscopic target, and will continue to function to maintain its continued existence, so the visual processing area of the brain will feedback to guide specific extraocular muscle nuclei in the brainstem. Maintain or move the visual axis of the eye to maintain the continuation of the stereoscopic target of interest.
  • the eyes can be stationary, cohesive at the same time (the cohesive movement of the eyeball is avoided during training, it is the simultaneous movement of the two eyeballs inward and opposite directions), and abduction (the abduction movement of the eyeball is encouraged during training.
  • the two eyeballs moving outward in opposite directions at the same time), up, down, left, right or oblique while moving in the same direction (left, right or oblique movement in the same direction during training is avoided).
  • the visual maintenance of the stereoscopic target will feedback and guide the eyes to move forward along the original movement trajectory until it exceeds the limit of the fusion mechanism of the visual processing area of the brain.
  • the stereoscopic target that is fused will be decomposed into two 2D Diplopia occurs due to flat optotypes.
  • 3D stereoscopic optotypes Compared to 2D plane optotypes, it is possible to strengthen the training of the visual processing area of the brain to repeatedly suppress the center of the near reflex pathway, relax the ciliary muscle to restore the lens accommodation to the state before the increase, and encourage binocular abduction. exercise to strengthen the opposite abductor extraocular muscles weakened by myopia, and weaken the opposite cohesive extraocular muscles that are strengthened by myopia.
  • It can be a complete optotype pattern for the left eye and the left eye, and the purpose is to require the left and right eyes to put together two complete optotype patterns to form a complete (3D) optotype and background. It can also be the visual mark pattern of the left and right eyes that is incomplete, for example: the pattern of the lion is intermittently broken and incomplete. The purpose is to ask the left and right eyes to fit two incomplete optotype patterns together to form a specific complete (3D) optotype and background.
  • the movement speed of the central training optotype 300 adopted in the present invention is in the range of 0.1° ⁇ 3°/sec.
  • Pattern optotypes including: animals, plants, landmarks, landscapes, rivers, cars, boats, airplanes, daily necessities, restaurants, hotel lobbies and concert halls, etc. These optotypes can be real shooting images or paintings video or cartoon image.
  • Text visual mark including: Chinese characters, Tang poetry and Song poetry, three-character classics and other methods.
  • Foreign languages such as English, French, German, Latin, etc.
  • pattern and text as the target for example: the lion pattern and the Chinese character or foreign language "lion" appear at the same time or before and after.
  • pattern and pattern lion then tiger
  • pattern and text lion pattern and Chinese or foreign lion appear at the same time or before and after
  • text and text first Chinese and then foreign language, etc.
  • the size of the optotype is about 15mm ⁇ 15mm (based on the relative training distance, the size can be appropriately changed to meet the vision level and training needs of the trainee).
  • the training optotype 300 applied in the present invention is on a 2D plane, and satisfies the optotype length:width ⁇ 5:1, or width:length ⁇ 5:1.
  • the purpose of this regulation is to eliminate symptoms such as dizziness and headaches, which cause difficulty and discomfort when the brain tries to fuse the optotypes seen by the left and right eyes. Therefore, when the trainee fuses the left and right images of the same size to obtain a single image, the unilateral optotype can be made larger or smaller, but the size deviation should be less than 10%, and the relative distance and angle of the left and right eyes remain unchanged. Down to stimulate the brain to achieve fusion and training purposes.
  • the training optotype can be a tiger with no color and only an outline, and then automatically fill the outline with more colors to get a complete tiger.
  • the colors on both sides can be the same or different to achieve superposition or mixing effects, like alternating colors, such as red, green, blue, yellow, etc.
  • the visual center will superimpose two similar optotypes of different colors in one eye to get a mixed and previous optotype (a blue optotype superimposed on a green optotype in the other eye will result in a light blue optotype). mark), forming a complete (3D) color-specific optotype and background.
  • the color can be changed in shades, for example: light green deepens to emerald green and then dark green, or from dark to light.
  • the background color is gray to reduce unnecessary bright light stimulation, so as not to interfere with the trainee's concentration on the central and peripheral training optotypes.
  • the optotype brightness can be changed rhythmically, from relatively darker to brighter, and relatively brighter to darker, back and forth. Avoid excessive brightening that affects pupillary response and unnecessary increases in accommodation.
  • Training is performed by choosing either a fixed or random program of static and dynamic patterns of training optotypes.
  • the optotype does not move, and the optotype seen by the two monocular eyes does not move.
  • the optotype moves in a step-by-step or jump mode, for example: the training optotype of one eye is a bird, and the training optotype of the other eye is a birdcage (the size is just enough to hold a bird, and the bird must be visually maintained in the birdcage during training). Inside).
  • the optotypes of each eye are moving.
  • Example 1 For the production of mosaic images, the training optotypes are very incomplete at the beginning. It is necessary to piece together the image parts drawn by different curves one by one, and finally get a complete mosaic image.
  • Example 2 Add a shadow around the outline of the training optotype, or add additional images (eg: add a bird on the back of the cow, add a tree on the edge of the cow).
  • Example 3 Visualization and training are presented in the form of cartoon short stories.
  • the display time and moving speed of the training optotype can be manipulated to be faster or slower to generate more efficient visual impact.
  • the display time of the optotype is not less than 0.5 seconds.
  • the display time of the optotype during training should be controlled within 10 seconds. about.
  • the optotype After getting used to the fast tracking movement, the optotype changes to the form of jumping.
  • the optotype of the brain is used to quickly scan the movement, and the interpupillary distance of the eyes is used to determine the minimum distance of the optotype of the monocular relative to the midline.
  • the lowest value of fusion that is, the starting point, proceed along the angular direction of the trained extraocular muscles connecting to the eyeball, and reach the highest value of reverse fusion, that is, the end point.
  • you repeat the workout slowly increase your saccade speed to the maximum.
  • the text of the optotypes in Tang poetry is synthesized from the images seen by the left and right eyes.
  • the image optotypes of various musical instruments can also be combined into different forms to form a complete image.
  • training optotype of the present invention can be combined with audio, and the audio content and the training optotype can be organically matched, including language explanation, music or both, which can tell a story, and can also be set off by various types of background music.
  • the combination of sheet music and music sound can be the music itself, or the background introduction of the music, including the composer, the background of the composition and the related stories of the song, etc.
  • Purpose Resonate with the optotype, and add background music to achieve educational effects and maintain focus on training.
  • the combination of the above several kinds of training aims to continuously and effectively stimulate the visual processing center of the brain through the efficient visual target performance method, so as to avoid the "Texler evanescent effect" caused by a single non-moving visual target, thereby avoiding visual fatigue and prolonging the training process.
  • Stimulation time maintain the concentration of training, improve attractiveness, greatly enhance the stimulation effect per unit time, so as to increase the inhibition of the center of the near reflex pathway, relax the ciliary muscle to restore the lens adjustment to the state before the increase, strengthen the external Abduct the extraocular muscles and weaken the cohesive extraocular muscles to achieve the purpose of short time-consuming and high-efficiency training.
  • the invention makes the connection or story elements appear among the training optotypes, and the elements that can form associations form logical plots or scenes.
  • the interactive training media method of vivid, interesting and knowledgeable visual objects (with related audio or background music), it can achieve the improvement of knowledge and the effect of education (teaching and learning) at the same time, while avoiding the boring and boring training.
  • the training process results in unfocused and inefficient training results.
  • optotypes will be formed by: 3D stereo optotypes, optotypes appearing-disappearing, color changing, growing-shrinking methods, subtle additions or reductions in appearance, alternate thickness of outlines and additions Mosaic patterns, moving, jumping, still and adding features, contrasts (such as synonyms, antonyms, etc.), etc. appear, so as to avoid the appearance of "Texler vanishing effect", maintain the interest of training, in order to achieve continuous Stimulate the brain, maintain the reverse fusion well and achieve the training purpose efficiently for a longer time.
  • peripheral vision the important functions of peripheral vision are: the recognition of common structures and forms, the identification of similar forms and actions, and the formation of a sense of the visual background.
  • the perception of central vision combined with the contribution of peripheral vision constitutes the panoramic and detailed field of view seen by the everyday eye.
  • peripheral hyperopic defocus phenomenon Due to the spherical shape of the eye, and the relationship between the size of the pupil in daily life and the relative position of the lens and the peripheral retina, the peripheral retina that has an important clinical contribution to overall vision is the equatorial (about 43°) anterior and posterior range (about 25° to 60°). ). Since peripheral hyperopic defocus phenomenon also causes and exacerbates the formation and progression of myopia, attenuating or counteracting peripheral hyperopic defocus phenomenon can help suppress the formation of pseudo-myopia and true myopia.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of peripheral vision training on the unilateral visual field based on the central training optotype.
  • the distance between the central training optotypes 300 is the first eye position plus 2-30mm.
  • the peripheral training optotypes A and B take the central training optotype as a reference, and are 25° on the temporal side of the visual field. When moving to a position of ⁇ 60°.
  • FIG. 4a shows the situation that the peripheral training optotypes A and B are fixed
  • FIGS 4b to 4d show the situation where the peripheral training optotype B is fixed, the peripheral training optotype A moves to B, and A stops moving when A and B overlap;
  • Figures 4e to 4g show the situation in which the peripheral training optotype A moves away from the training optotype B in the opposite direction, and the peripheral training optotype A stops moving until a superimposed image appears between A and B.
  • Static and dynamic moving methods of peripheral training optotypes when the central training optotype is calibrated at the position of the first eye position plus 2-30mm (not limited to 2-30mm) of the interpupillary distance, and the binocular vision state is obtained.
  • the present invention can be realized by a complete set of application software.
  • This software can be installed on a computer, mobile phone or tablet.
  • the trainee can freely choose the training content they need by operating directly on these interactive terminals, and by watching the training video on the computer screen, TV screen or projection screen.
  • the visual mark and background music can be changed according to actual needs.
  • aspects of the present application may be performed entirely in hardware, entirely in software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or in a combination of hardware and software.
  • the above hardware or software may be referred to as a "data block”, “module”, “engine”, “unit”, “component” or “system”.
  • the processor may be one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DAPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors , controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or a combination thereof.
  • aspects of the present application may be embodied as a computer product comprising computer readable program code embodied in one or more computer readable media.
  • computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (eg, hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, ...), optical disks (eg, compact discs, CDs, digital versatile disks, DVDs, ...), smart cards, and flash memory devices ( For example, cards, sticks, key drives).
  • magnetic storage devices eg, hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, ...)
  • optical disks eg, compact discs, CDs, digital versatile disks, DVDs, ...)
  • smart cards e.g, cards, sticks, key drives
  • a computer-readable medium may contain a propagated data signal with the computer program code embodied therein, for example, on baseband or as part of a carrier wave.
  • the propagating signal may take a variety of manifestations, including electromagnetic, optical, etc., or a suitable combination.
  • a computer-readable medium can be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium that can communicate, propagate, or transmit a program for use by being coupled to an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • Program code on a computer readable medium may be propagated by any suitable medium, including radio, cable, fiber optic cable, radio frequency signal, or the like, or a combination of any of the foregoing.

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Abstract

一种视力训练装置及其方法，装置包括：双眼视野分隔装置(100)，包括双隔板(1)和调节单元(5)，双隔板(1)包括活动连接呈一夹角的两隔板，调节单元(5)用以调节两隔板之间的夹角；显示屏(200)，双隔板(1)将显示屏(200)分隔为左、右视野。方法包括：设置近屏侧(3)两隔板；在分隔的显示屏(200)左右侧分别提供可移动的至少两训练视标(300)；当被训练者的大脑视觉中心获得的反向融合图像出现叠影时，两训练视标(300)分别原路径回到第一眼位；重复上述步骤至少两次。本装置通过一种全新的系统性训练，对近视所引起的不良视力进行早期干预来恢复和维持峰值视力。同时避免、减缓或阻止假性近视和真性近视的发生和发展。

Description

一种视力训练装置及其方法 技术领域
本发明主要涉及改善不良视力和抑制近视加深的视力训练领域，尤其是一种视力训练装置及其方法。
背景技术
众所周知，当眼睛内部负责对焦调节的睫状肌的肌张力处于生理最放松水平，而远方景物都是聚焦于中央视网膜之前，这就定义为近视，也造成视力模糊和下降，形成不良视力。
人们看近距离视标时，中脑的近反射通路中心会被活化，造成三部分的改变：
(1)瞳孔反射性收缩。
(2)双眼内聚的眼外肌会收缩来维持双眼视轴重叠在同一视标上而避免复视(赫林定律，维持双眼单视)。
(3)睫状肌收缩令晶体表面弧度更突出和前后径变大，从而增加调节来保持景物都是聚焦于中央视网膜之上以得到清晰的视象。当眼睛改看远距离视标时(6公尺或以上距离)，中脑的近反射通路中心会被抑制，这时候双眼瞳孔、内聚的眼外肌，睫状肌、晶体表面弧度和前后径会放松和恢复正常，而恢复到平常看远处时的调节生理放松状态水平。
后天性近视的出现一般是因为阅读或近距离作业过多和距离太近造成。长时间保持阅读或近距离作业时，视标和视像是在偏近的距离来呈现的，近反射通路中心需要长期活化作用来增加和维持双眼的调节，这时候眼内睫状肌和外部内旋肌需要长期维持在收缩状态。久而久之，当看远而近反射通路中心需要被抑制时，虽然双眼不再聚合和瞳孔不再收缩，但睫状肌有可能没有从收缩状态完全回归放松状态而造成看近物时所增加的调节的部分维持(调节痉挛)，这时候眼睛虽然在看远处的视标，但是由于已增加的调节的部分维持，所以视标和视像并没有对焦在视网膜上，造成视力模糊和下降等不良视力。
睫状肌的持续收缩造成的调节痉挛产生了临床上所说的假性近视，如果这个情况持续维持下去就会造成眼轴超越正常生长速度的过度延伸，而造成真性近视。 当这个调节痉挛没有被放松，假性近视就会持续存在，同时继续加重真性近视，也就是临床上常常看到的学生们的高近视率和每一年的近视度数都在增加一两百度的现象。
长期长时间看近物，代表双眼视轴长时间被内聚，这个位置是需要长期长时间激活负责内聚的眼外肌，根据谢林顿定律，负责外展的眼外肌就会同时被抑制，久而久之，负责内聚的眼外肌就会被过度强化(越来越发达且肌肉张力越来越强)和容易被活化，而负责外展的眼外肌就会被过度弱化(越来越弱小且肌肉张力下降)造成能力下降。这样子，两组对抗的眼外肌的肌肉张力会变得失衡而更加趋于往内聚方向倾斜，恶性循环地辅助假性近视和真性近视的发生与进展。
目前临床和市场上使用的近视治疗和矫正方法包括如下几类：
一、物理性或侵入性抵消近视屈光不正的手段包括：
1.佩戴近视眼镜片(非侵入性)或隐形眼镜(侵入性)。
近视时佩戴的矫正屈光不正的镜片是凹镜，它会把中心和周边视像经过角膜和晶状体屈光后的中心和周边的焦点往后移，目的是把远处中心视像对焦，但同时会把远处的周边视像更后移，进而加重视网膜周边远视性离焦现象。
更不利的是，当近视者持续佩戴矫正近视屈光不正的凹镜进行近距离阅读和作业时，由于中心和周边视像更靠近眼睛，所以中心和周边视像的对焦会更加后移，造成远视性屈光不正现象。这时候，不对焦的中心和周边视像会刺激大脑的视觉中心，后者为了得到相对清晰的视像只好活化中脑的近反射通路中心，使睫状肌收缩(长时间的收缩可以引起痉挛状态)，使晶体表面弧度和前后径变大(当睫状肌痉挛时持续变大)，产生调节增加(当睫状肌痉挛时而持续增加)来对焦视像，一般只达到中心视像的对焦，因为周边视像的对焦需要更强的调节来达到，而这时候又会使中心视像的对焦前移到中心视网膜的前方，造成新一轮的近视性屈光不正现象。所以佩戴近视屈光不正的凹镜来矫正近视,会很容易引起和加重假性近视和真性近视的发生和发展，导致近视眼度数的快速增长，一年很容易增加一两百度。
2.OK镜(侵入性)，角膜易破损并感染和结疤造成视力永久性下降，圆锥角膜的情况都时有发生。
3.阿托品散瞳和麻痹睫状肌药物(侵入性)的运用。
这种散瞳带来的坏处包括：
(1)瞳孔的扩大使本来被虹膜阻隔的周边余光大量进入眼球，造成对视网膜的光害以及视像的干扰。
(2)大量从视标视像来的光线经由晶状体的偏离中间区域进入和屈光，因为晶状体中心区的屈光度和偏离中间区域的屈光度有差别，所以造成散光现象以及形成模糊的视标和视像。
(3)阿托品的半衰期很长，所以瞳孔往往在用药后被维持扩大2—3周左右，造成很多困扰，包括畏光。
此外，阿托品药品有毒性，产生副作用，如：心跳加速，发烧，眼干口干；长期使用，有害的紫外线容易进入眼球，造成视网膜和黄斑退化。所以过去多年所使用的浓度一直在明显递减，但毒性依然且效果不彰。最新超低浓度阿托品0.01％的毒性有待观察，但治疗效果不理想。
4.激光矫正手术(侵入性，包括角膜组织的移除)，不适合18以下未发育完整的眼睛。
手术常引起眩光和角膜干燥，也可引起感染。术后随时间近视度数反弹，增加视网膜破洞和脱落的风险等
5.按摩、眼保健操等
6.针灸(侵入性)
7.蒸汽热敷(侵入性)
8.中药明目(侵入性)
以上手段第5-8项，在临床上已被证明效果不彰，也缺乏科学性的理论依据和解释。
二、除了上述物理性或侵入性抵消近视屈光不正的手段之外，现有视力训练抵消近视屈光不正的手段包括如下几种：
1.普遍的做法是，来回看前方视标和放在前面的拇指或手指。另外一种常见的方式是，看着前后移动的拇指或手指或类似的视标，如：笔、尺等。有训练中心在这个操作上用的是远近点训练仪，视标很快地向前离开，然后又很快向后靠近(此机械会产生影响训练者的明显噪音)。
它们的共同点都是视标在一固定距离来回移动，视标移到远处，是希望利用 视标离开眼睛的距离来完全放松眼睛的调节。但是，事实上远离的视标还是在中心线上，所以双眼要动用内收的眼外肌来维持单视，造成调节无法完全放松；当视标很快回到眼前时，这和看书是同一个引导增加调节效果的情况，所以这些远近点训练方法不但无法有效放松调节，反而双眼在看近的视标时是在训练增加调节且可以产生调节痉挛。
2.医院、视光店、视力训练中心等推行的眼球运动训练，是双眼同时往一个方向运动，例如双眼同时看右边，这时右眼外展，左眼内收。双眼看左下方时，这时右眼是往下内收而左眼是往下外展。内收的眼睛，特别是往下内收的眼睛，有可能激活近反射通路中心而引起调节的增加，同时强化了增加近视的内直肌和上斜肌。所以这一类训练可以至少经由有一只往下内收单眼来造成调节增加和不利于弱化增加近视的内直肌和上斜肌。
3.另外一些视标训练，是利用视标在视野前方的不同方向移动，绕圈子(〇，∞，8等形状)都会有眼球往内的移动，这种眼球运动是漫无目的方法，当双眼内聚看视标时，需要双眼各自的睫状肌收缩。当一只眼外展另一只眼内收时，可以引起内收眼睛的睫状肌收缩。这两种情况中的双眼或单眼视标都可以引起调节的增加。
以上三项，都是不良和错误的训练方法，不但不减小反而会维持或增加睫状肌的收缩导致调节的维持甚至产生痉挛造成维持或增加假性或真性近视，所以无法达到减缓或降低近视的目的和改善视力的功效，是不可取的。
发明内容
基于近视眼的形成，本发明针对其发展开发了一套全新独特的装置及其系统性训练方法，目的是对近视所引起的不良视力进行早期干预来恢复和维持峰值视力。同时避免、减缓或阻止假性近视和真性近视的发生和发展。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种视力训练装置，其特征在于，包括：
双眼视野分隔装置，包括双隔板和调节单元，所述双隔板包括活动连接呈一夹角的两隔板，所述调节单元用以调节所述两隔板之间的夹角；
显示屏，所述双隔板将所述显示屏分隔为左、右视野。
比较好的是，本发明还进一步提供了一种视力训练装置，其特征在于，
所述双隔板包括训练侧和近屏侧，所述训练侧设置在所述活动连接侧，所述 近屏侧为所述训练侧的相对侧，所述近屏侧靠近所述显示屏以分隔所述左、右视野。
比较好的是，本发明还进一步提供了一种视力训练装置，其特征在于，
所述调节单元设置在近所述近屏侧的两隔板之间，包括调节旋钮和调节伸缩支架，其中调节伸缩支架伸缩连接所述两隔板，通过所述调节旋钮伸缩调节所述两隔板之间的夹角。
比较好的是，本发明还进一步提供了一种视力训练装置，其特征在于，
所述训练侧进一步包括额头托和下巴托中任一种，所述训练侧与所述显示屏的间距≥45cm。
比较好的是，本发明还进一步提供了一种视力训练装置，其特征在于，
所述双隔板的颜色是哑光的炭黑色。
本发明还公开了一种应用上述任一种视力训练装置的训练方法，用于被训练者的视力矫正，其特征在于，
步骤一，根据所述被训练者第一眼位设置所述近屏侧两隔板的间距；
步骤二，在分隔的所述显示屏左右侧分别提供可移动的至少两训练视标，所述训练视标各自从所述被训练者的第一眼位开始分别向其左右两眼的颞侧方向移动，所述被训练者的左右两眼分别跟踪所述训练视标；
步骤三，当所述被训练者的大脑视觉中心获得的反向融合图像出现叠影时，所述两训练视标分别原路径回到所述第一眼位；
步骤四，重复上述步骤至少两次；
其中，训练开始时的瞳距较所述第一眼位时瞳距增加2～30毫米。
比较好的是，本发明还进一步提供了一种训练方法，其特征在于，
所述训练视标的长度范围为5mm～60mm，长宽比或宽长比在1～5之间。
比较好的是，本发明还进一步提供了一种训练方法，其特征在于，
所述中央训练视标移动速度为0.1°～3°/秒。
比较好的是，本发明还进一步提供了一种训练方法，其特征在于，
所述中央训练视标包括3D视标，图案视标，文字视标，图案和文字组合视标，图案和色彩组合视标中任一种。
本发明还提供了一种应用上述任一种视力训练装置的训练方法，用于被训练者的视力矫正，其特征在于，
步骤一，根据所述被训练者第一眼位设置所述近屏侧两隔板的间距；
步骤二，在分隔的所述显示屏左右侧分别提供可移动的至少两中央训练视标，所述中央训练视标位于较所述第一眼位时瞳距增加2～30毫米；
步骤三，在所述其中一侧显示屏上，所述被训练者视野的颞侧25°～60°位置提供至少第一、第二周边训练视标；
步骤四，所述第一周边训练视标向近颞侧的所述第二周边训练视标移动；
步骤五，当所述被训练者的大脑视觉中心获得所述第一、第二周边训练视标重叠时，所述第一周边训练视标原路径回到起始位置；
步骤六，重复上述步骤至少两次；
其中，训练开始时的瞳距较所述第一眼位时瞳距增加2～30毫米。
比较好的是，本发明还进一步提供了一种训练方法，其特征在于，
所述被训练者视野的颞侧25°～60°位置等于所述第一眼位的视轴角度。
比较好的是，本发明还进一步提供了一种训练方法，其特征在于，
所述周边训练视标的背景颜色包括灰色，所述周边训练视标的颜色包括哑光黑。
比较好的是，本发明还进一步提供了一种训练方法，其特征在于，
所述周边训练视标的面积至少是所述中央训练视标面积的16倍。
与现有技术相比，本发明通过一种全新的系统性训练，对近视所引起的不良视力进行早期干预来恢复和维持峰值视力。同时避免、减缓或阻止假性近视和真性近视的发生和发展。
附图概述
包括附图是为提供对本申请进一步的理解，它们被收录并构成本申请的一部分，附图示出了本申请的实施例，并与本说明书一起起到解释本发明原理的作用。
图1所示为本发明的视力训练装置使用状态的示意图；
图2所示为本发明的视力训练装置(含双隔板和显示屏)的示意图；
图3a～3c所示为训练视标在显示屏上不同方向移动训练三种情况的示意图；
图4a所示为周边训练视标A和B固定不动的示意图；
图4b～4d所示为周边训练视标B固定，周边训练视标A向B移动，当A和B 重叠的时候A停止移动的示意图；
图4e～4g所示为周边训练视标A朝反方向移动离开训练视标B，直到A和B出现叠影时，A停止移动的示意图。
附图标记
1――双隔板
2――防滑底边
3――近屏侧
4――遮挡区
5――调节单元
51――调节旋钮
52――调节伸缩支架
6――训练侧
7――可拆卸额头托
8――可拆卸下巴托
100――双眼视野分隔装置
200――显示屏
300――中央训练视标
A、B――周边训练视标
本发明的较佳实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本申请的实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些示例或实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图将本申请应用于其他类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明，图中相同标号代表相同结构或操作。
如本申请和权利要求书中所示，除非上下文明确提示例外情形，“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数，也可包括复数。一般说来，术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素，而这些步 骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列，方法或者设备也可能包含其他的步骤或元素。
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。同时，应当明白，为了便于描述，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，方位词如“前、后、上、下、左、右”、“横向、竖向、垂直、水平”和“顶、底”等所指示的方位或位置关系通常是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，在未作相反说明的情况下，这些方位词并不指示和暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或者以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制；方位词“内、外”是指相对于各部件本身的轮廓的内外。
为了便于描述，在这里可以使用空间相对术语，如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等，用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是，空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的器件被倒置，则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其他器件或构造之下”。因而，示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位)，并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。
此外，需要说明的是，使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。此外，尽管本申请中所使用 的术语是从公知公用的术语中选择的，但是本申请说明书中所提及的一些术语可能是申请人按他或她的判断来选择的，其详细含义在本文的描述的相关部分中说明。此外，要求不仅仅通过所使用的实际术语，而是还要通过每个术语所蕴含的意义来理解本申请。
本申请中使用了流程图用来说明根据本申请的实施例的系统所执行的操作。应当理解的是，前面或下面操作不一定按照顺序来精确地执行。相反，可以按照倒序或同时处理各种步骤。同时，或将其他操作添加到这些过程中，或从这些过程移除某一步或数步操作。
本发明采用双眼隔离分别训练的方法，并在训练时使用类似田字格的训练显示界面，采用这种训练的技术方案描述如下：
1.用特殊设计的分隔把双眼共同视野和视力范围区分成各单眼独立的视野和视力范围，各单眼看不到另一单眼的视标和视野。
2.把单眼视野以“田字格”形态来划分，对训练有利的视野范围选定在颞侧上和颞侧下象限。
简单说明一下，本发明将单眼球前方视野以及眼球转动视轴的范围都以“田”字形状来界定，那么视标在“田”字视野的相对位置会决定视轴在眼球转动后，其在“田”字范围的相对位置，一般情况下，当眼睛在第一眼位的时候，视轴落在“田字格”的中心点的位置上。根据赫林定律，大脑会把双眼各自的视轴方向移动到重叠在视标上，当视标在6公尺或以上的远距离时，双眼不需要内聚或外展，因为空间中的视标位于眼球视轴的正前方位置。当视标在近距离，小于6公尺的时候，双眼需要内聚来达到双眼各自的视轴方向重叠在视标上。这时候，大脑会活化中脑的近反射通路中心来要求双眼内聚移动来使视轴正对视标，同时，睫状肌会收缩来改变晶状体弧度和前后径以增加调节来对焦这个比较接近眼球的近距离视标，瞳孔会收缩来降低周边余光的影响。
在这种情况下，中央训练视标在“田字格”范围的某些位置会导致不良视力和近视的发生：
现在以一个常见的低头看书的小孩为例，他的双眼是往下往内移动来达到双眼各自视轴都重叠在要阅读的视标上。视标位置是在“田字格”范围的鼻侧 和下侧，对于右眼来说它移动到了“田字格”的左下格，对于左眼来说则是右下格。双眼各自视轴需要转向鼻侧和下侧，所以双眼各自视轴需要内旋和下转，来达到观察视标和阅读的需要。这时候，内直肌、下直肌和上斜肌收缩；外直肌、上直肌和下斜肌放松。近反射通路的作用会使这位低头看书的小孩双眼的睫状肌收缩和调节增加，当重新看远处时，不再需要近反射通路的作用，睫状肌和调节应该会从紧张状态完全恢复到原来的放松状态。但是，在长期经常重复性地近距离观察和阅读后，睫状肌和调节往往没有完全恢复到原来的放松状态，就造成了常见的假性近视和真性近视的发生现象。
由此可见，当视标在“田字格”范围的鼻侧时，双眼各自视轴需要转向鼻侧来达到双眼单视(赫林定律)，这个内旋动作需要同步的内直肌的收缩和外直肌的放松，来达到双眼同时内旋眼轴的效果。要达到内旋的作用，大脑需要活化近反射通路中心，同时引起睫状肌收缩而引起调节增加。所以视标在一个“田字格”鼻侧的位置是不好的，对于一位有假性或真性近视的人，此情况更甚，因为会引起近反射通路的活化，而引起内旋运动，睫状肌收缩和加重调节，这些正是我们要避免的。
因此，眼轴要避免进入需要回避的鼻侧特别是鼻下方空间，颞侧空间是最好的因为眼轴移动到这个区域时并不需要动用内直肌、上斜肌和下斜肌。所以对训练有利的视野范围选定在“田字格”的颞侧的上和下象限。
因此，田字格的范围描述是一个比较适合的训练显示界面。
根据上述有利于视力训练的描述，田字格训练视标出现在视野的特殊位置，对应为在“田字格”的颞侧的上和下象限可以达到有利的训练效果。
3.在此基础上，本发明训练视标的特定移动方向(配合特定被训练的眼外肌的主要运动方向和角度,赫林定律、谢林顿定律的运用)。
训练通过视标的移动方向来引导双眼同时做出看向颞侧的外展眼球运动，同时抑制了内聚运动的需要，所以大脑需要抑制中脑近反射通路中心的激活，使假性和真性近视眼内睫状肌的收缩痉挛和晶状体的调节增加，有机会恢复正常。
4.针对性引导和训练反向融合(赫林定律、谢林顿定律的运用)
单纯地依靠某一单眼视标处在这一单眼“田字格”视野的颞侧象限来进行 训练的话，这一单眼的外直肌、上直肌和下直肌等特定眼外肌可以被恰当地训练，根据赫林定律，另一单眼的内直肌、上斜肌和下斜肌等则会同时被加强训练。所以，依靠某一单眼视标来进行训练并不能最大化地维持抑制近反射通路中心，也不能最高效地同时强化外展眼外肌和弱化内聚眼外肌。
因此我们在训练时同时提供两个单眼类似的视标，两个视标之间的距离不小于第一眼位的瞳孔距离，利用大脑的视觉处理中心感受到两个单眼收集的各自视标后，会把它们融合到一起来得到双眼单视效果，就能同时加大抑制近反射通路中心活化，使睫状肌从收缩和痉挛状态放松、晶状体前后径从变大状态恢复到正常、同时强化外展眼外肌和弱化内聚眼外肌。
5.特定3D立体视标的形成和维持(赫林定律、谢林顿定律的运用)
提供给两个单眼各自的同种类视标，或可被特殊设计为存在互补性的差别。在此情况下，大脑的视觉处理中心感受到两个单眼收集的各自视标后，会便于把它们融合到一起来得到双眼单视的3D立体视标效果。3D立体的视标和视觉会反馈性的大大增强抑制近反射通路中心，强化外展眼外肌和弱化内聚眼外肌，得到消除睫状肌痉挛和放松调节的效果。
双眼单视共有三个进阶的层次，从大脑感受到双眼黄斑同时看到同一视标的第一层次，到大脑把双眼各自看到的同一视标融合并维持融合的第二层次，再到大脑把双眼各自看到的同一视标融合为立体视标并维持立体融合的第三层次。以上3～5涉及的三种训练方法可以包容性地训练双眼单视到达不同层次的被训练者。
该三种训练方法都需要大脑视觉中心运用反向融合机制来达到双眼单视的目的。由于这些训练方法是同时在训练和增加反向融合的能力(更容易进行反向融合)和范围(例如：反向范围从0～40mm进步到0～50mm)，所以会达到和加强训练的目的。
此外，在训练视标方面，本发明还具体给出：
1、训练视标的各种类型的转换(图像、文字、数字等……)
2、训练视标的特别呈现的变化方式和形式(大小、比例、颜色变化、虚 与实的轮廓线等)。
3、训练视标的显示时间(延续时间的长短)
4、训练视标的静动态(动态、静态、动静结合马赛克的融入)。
因为双眼单视的自然需要和倾向，大脑会对两个单眼各自的类似视标进行静态融合(视标不动时)，或动态融合(视标移动时，需要运用到脑部的缓慢追踪机制)，所以视标可以用静动态和混合方式呈现，达到刺激的效果。
以上对于训练视标1～4的规定，部分目的是要避免“特克斯勒消逝效应”来避免视觉疲劳，维持训练的专注性，和延长刺激的时间，这样就可以在加大抑制近反射通路中心，强化外展眼外肌和弱化内聚眼外肌，达到消除睫状肌痉挛和放松调节的效果。
在此基础上，还可以设计在意义上相关联的一连串先后训练视标，或与音频的配合，使视标和视标之间出现故事性的元素，能构成联想的要素和组成有逻辑性的情节或场景。
上述的训练视标内容和呈现方式能达到持续的吸引性、专注性、互动性、趣味性、教育性。也可以达到以最经济的时间成本来得到最高效率地抑制近反射通路中心，强化外展眼外肌和弱化内聚眼外肌，消除睫状肌痉挛，放松调节。
下面结合附图1、2，介绍本发明的训练装置的组成。
该训练装置包括双眼视野分隔装置100和显示屏200，前者用于将双眼视野分隔为单眼各自的独立视野区域，后者用于在独立视野区域分别为单眼提供可移动训练视标。
其中，该双眼视野分隔装置100包括双隔板1，该双隔板由一侧开口，相对侧相连并呈一定角度的两隔板组成，每块隔板的尺寸为：底边长约为42cm(40cm～45cm之间，不限于此长度范围)，高度范围约15cm～45cm(不限于此高度范围，根据显示屏200的高度决定)。双隔板1的颜色是哑光的炭黑色。相连的相对侧构成训练侧6，其开口的一侧构成近屏侧3，用以靠近显示屏200。且双隔板100可折叠以调节两隔板的夹角。
图2所示的一种较佳实施例示意了一种调节单元5的结构，该调节单元5 设置在近屏侧3的两隔板之间，包括调节旋钮51和调节伸缩支架52，其中调节伸缩支架52可伸缩连接两隔板，并通过设置其上的调节旋钮51进行伸缩调节，由此调节两隔板之间的夹角。
为取得更舒适的训练效果，上述双眼视野分隔装置100的双隔板1连接处为训练侧6，即靠近被训练者的头面部，设计成符合人体面部轮廓的曲面。
而双隔板1的开口端形成近屏侧3，即靠近显示屏200，配合开口大小可调节旋钮51，使用时根据被训练者双眼在第一眼位时的瞳距大小，进行相应的调节，以符合训练时双眼瞳孔距离不小于第一眼位时的瞳孔距离。此外，还有为稳固将双隔板1置于平整的桌面上采用了防滑底边2。以及，为被训练者舒适度考量的可拆卸的额头托7或下巴托8。
此双隔板100被放置于显示屏200和被训练者的双眼之间的位置，能使训练避免以上两个不利因素。通过双隔板的运用，单眼各自看视标时，不会受到对侧视野的视标所吸引和干扰。通过上述双隔板设计，根据被训练者各自的不同瞳距，双隔板开口大小会被调整到配合他的瞳孔距离，这样就避免了各一单眼鼻侧视野范围的出现，达到视标只出现在被训练者有利的颞侧视野范围的训练目的。
下面进一步详细介绍。
图2进一步示意了本发明的分隔装置100与显示屏200组合的示意图。显示屏200呈现两个田字格组合，分隔装置100的近屏侧3靠近至显示屏200的表面，分隔装置100将整个显示屏分隔为两侧的显示屏200和中间的遮挡区4，显示屏200的中央训练视标300按照一定的规律进行移动，训练侧6的被训练者观察该中央训练视标300的移动轨迹，以达到训练的效果。
中央训练视标300在显示屏200上移动时，被训练者观察情况说明如下：
1、中央训练视标300呈现的特殊位置
(1)X轴Y轴所构成的象限视野范围：中央训练视标在象限的位置的作用
选择性的中央训练视标300的坐标位置和应用，当双眼在第一眼位正视正前方时，双眼距离刚好是双眼不内聚或外展时的瞳孔距离，这时中央训练视标的坐标正好在一个“田”字形状的视野象限的中心点。穿过中心点的Y轴定义了鼻侧和颞侧象限视野范围，鼻侧的象限视野范围是容易引起近反射通路的。 穿过中心点的X轴定义了上方和下方象限视野范围，鼻侧的下方象限视野范围是最容易引起近反射通路的。基于上文“田字格”的有利位置中已经提到的“最有利于训练的象限视野范围是颞侧的上和下象限”(图2中显示屏200中四个斜线箭头方向)，对于被训练者来说，他右眼的第一和第四象限，和左眼的第二和第三象限，是最有利于视力训练的象限视野范围，所以我们所采用的中央训练视标只会出现在这些范围。其他象限不用，因为要最大化地强化外直肌、上直肌和下直肌这三个眼外肌，同时避免引起活化近反射通路中心。
(2)调整中央训练视标起点的位置来对应被训练者的眼球位置
因为有些人有隐形斜视，左右眼可能有水平(左右)或垂直(上下)偏差。偏差影响最厉害的是垂直的偏差，一点小的偏差都可能引起视觉上的干扰。所以训练开始之前有一个调整修正视标位置的操作功能，来把双眼的眼轴放到偏差被中和的状态和位置，使左右眼一开始就处于本来相对中立的状态和位置。当被训练者双眼瞳孔在相对于X轴和Y轴最准确的训练起点时，训练者头部不正和隐形斜视等因素造成的偏差就已经消除了，避免了因为双眼各自在水平线和垂直线的偏差而造成的不良干扰。
(3)中央训练视标和被训练者之间的距离
中央训练视标和被训练者之间的距离根据显示器的种类来调整，对于一般的电脑和平板电脑的显示器，维持在不小于45cm；使用电视机或投影大屏幕时，则以平常的观看距离为准。
2、中央训练视标的特定移动方向和轨迹
(1)相对于眼睛第一眼位时，中央训练视标移动方向的角度和轨迹(配合特定被训练的眼外肌的主要运动方向和角度，赫林定律、谢林顿定律的运用)。
眼外肌和眼球的接触点有相对固定的位置关系，内直肌，外直肌，上直肌和下直肌与眼球的接触点都是在眼球赤道前。上斜肌和下斜肌与眼球的接触点都是在眼球赤道后。眼外肌与视轴之间也有相对固定的角度。在第一眼位时，上斜肌和下斜肌相对于视轴的角度为51°，而上直肌和下直肌相对于视轴的角度为23°，内直肌和眼眶内侧是接近平行的所以与视轴的角度接近0°，外直肌和眼眶外侧是接近平行的所以与视轴的角度接近45°。
基于眼外肌接触点在眼球的赤道前或后，以及在第一眼位时相对于眼轴的 不同角度，所以每一条眼外肌收缩时都会有它对眼轴转动的首要作用、次要作用和第三作用。当眼轴被转动到不在第一眼位时，这时候，某个眼外肌的次要作用或第三作用可以超越或有别于它自己的首要作用。
根据谢林顿定律，当一个激动肌被活化时，神经系统会同时抑制相对的拮抗肌。利用这个特点，我们设计的训练是有意把眼轴移动到有利的“田字格”象限视野范围，来针对性训练强化在假性近视和真性近视时被弱化的特定眼外肌，而同时弱化在假性近视和真性近视时被强化的特定眼外肌。
长期长时间看鼻侧象限视野范围视标时，为了得到和维持双眼单视，根据赫林定律，双眼需长时间使用内直肌来内聚(内直肌的首要作用是内收)来维持眼轴偏向容易引起近视发生和发展的鼻侧象限视野范围，而更甚者是阅读时双眼看向鼻下侧象限视野范围视标时，需要使用内直肌和上斜肌来把视轴移向更容易引起近视发生和发展的鼻下侧(当内直肌把眼轴内收时，上斜肌的次要作用逾越了首要作用，而把眼轴下转到鼻下侧)。双眼看向鼻上侧象限视野范围视标时，需要使用内直肌和下斜肌来把视轴移向引起近视发生和发展的鼻上侧(当内直肌把眼轴内收时，下斜肌的次要作用逾越了首要作用，而把眼轴上转到鼻上侧)。根据谢林顿定律，外直肌、上直肌和下直肌都会被长期抑制和弱化。
为了抵抗容易引起近视发生和发展的鼻侧象限视野范围，特别是鼻下侧象限视野范围，训练时视标的移动方向是要把被训练者的眼轴移到有利的颞侧、颞上侧或颞下侧(即右眼的第一和第四象限，左眼的第二和第三象限)。训练时双眼同时看位于颞侧象限视野范围的视标时，为了达到和维持双眼单视，根据赫林定律，大脑视觉中心会指导脑干的相应眼外肌神经核来使双眼同时使用外直肌做外展(外直肌的首要作用是外展)来维持眼轴偏向颞侧。若视标移到颞上侧象限视野范围时，需要使用外直肌和上直肌(当外直肌把眼轴外展时，上直肌的首要作用被强化，而把眼轴上转到颞上侧)。若视标移到颞下侧象限视野范围时，需要使用外直肌和下直肌(当外直肌把眼轴外展时，下直肌的首要作用被强化，而把眼轴下转到颞下侧)。根据谢林顿定律，这样就达到强化外直肌、上直肌和下直肌，而同时抑制和弱化内直肌、上斜肌和下斜肌的肌张力。
具体来说，本发明的中央训练视标300的移动规律如下：
被训练者双眼在第一眼位，即田字格中心位置，分别对应为图2中的A1和A2位置，开始进行训练，中央训练视标300移动的方向和轨迹为：
第一，沿着水平线方向往外至C1和C2位置，针对性地训练外直肌把眼轴从0°外展(往颞侧90°方向)。
第二，沿着斜线方向往颞侧上方(往颞上侧23°方向)，即至B1和B2位置，对应同时训练上直肌把眼轴上转到上侧。
第三，沿着斜线方向往颞侧下方，至D1和D2位置，针对性地训练外直肌把眼轴外展(往颞下侧23°方向)。
不仅限于上述移动轨迹，还可以把中央训练视标300移动方向的先后顺序进行任意组合，例如：先向外，然后向上(或向下)，再向外……等。
第一眼位是指当双眼在真正水平面注视远距离(6m以上)的目标时，两眼注视线同向前方并平行，此时的眼位是第一眼位。关于上述两中央训练视标300的的间隔距离，其二者间距稍大于被训练者第一眼位的双眼瞳距，通常至少是瞳距+2mm，两中央训练视标的起始位置分别对应图2中的A1和A2。针对被训练的特定眼外肌，中央训练视标300沿着训练所需要的眼轴移动的角度方向进行。终点是到达反向融合的最高值时，即双眼观察到显示屏200上中央训练视标300在大脑没有办法出现反向融合，开始出现叠影的时候为终止位置。
上述训练是根据赫林定律、谢林顿定律的运用，目的是利用双眼颞侧上方和下方视野区域的静态或动态训练视标的呈现，通过赫林定律对双眼单视视觉的要求，针对性引导反向融合机制的活化来达到和维持训练的目的。
同时，在上述训练过程中还抑制近反射通路中心的活化，控制特定的双眼外展运动来训练强化外展肌肉的眼外肌。控制特定的双眼外展运动训练，谢林顿定律的运用，来弱化内聚肌肉的眼外肌。
由于假性近视和真性近视的人的近反射通中心路很容易被活化，训练越多越容易抑制近反射通路中心，减少容易被活化的倾向。中央训练视标300是静态位于或动态沿着特定眼外肌的主要移动方向和范围来呈现的，这样就可以最有效地活化和强化外展肌肉的眼外肌，同时弱化内聚肌肉的眼外肌。
图3a给出了图2中中央训练视标300水平方向A1－C1、A2－C2移动时， 被训练者的左右视野及其于大脑视觉中心反向融合后的示意图。
左、中栏分别示意为中央训练视标300分别从A1、A2向C1、C2移动及再回到A1、A2位置过程中左、右视野的图像，右栏为该两图像经大脑视觉中心进行反向融合后形成的双眼单视状态的图像。
当双眼单视状态消失，开始出现双眼叠影时，中央训练视标300停止往颞侧移动，并开始反方向移动回到起始位置。
图3b给出了图2中中央训练视标300斜向上方向A1－B1、A2－B2移动时，被训练者的左右视野及其于大脑视觉中心反向融合后的示意图。
左、中栏分别示意为中央训练视标300分别从A1、A2向B1、B2移动及再回到A1、A2位置过程中左、右视野的图像，右栏为该两图像经大脑视觉中心进行反向融合后形成的双眼单视状态的图像。
当双眼单视状态消失，开始出现双眼叠影时，中央训练视标300停止往颞侧上方移动，并开始反方向移动回到起始位置。
图3c给出了图2中中央训练视标300斜向下方向A1－D1、A2－D2移动时，被训练者的左右视野及其于大脑视觉中心反向融合后的示意图。
左、中栏分别示意为中央训练视标300分别从A1、A2向D1、D2移动及再回到A1、A2位置过程中左、右视野的图像，右栏为该两图像经大脑视觉中心进行反向融合后形成的双眼单视状态的图像。
当双眼单视状态消失，开始出现双眼叠影时，中央训练视标300停止往颞侧下方移动，并开始反方向移动回到起始位置。
从上述图3a～3c的右栏可见，被训练者左右单眼各看到的中央训练视标，在视标移动时，双眼融合将两图形的视标合成一个完整清晰视标，当视标继续移动时，该完整清晰视标将出现叠影，此时停止视标移动。
需要说明的是，相对于单眼观察时大脑视觉处理区域只能得到的2D平面化视标，双眼观察时所得到的3D化的立体视标的形成是大脑视觉处理功能的提升。因此，本发明的中央训练视标300还可以采用3D的立体视标来替换上 述2D的训练视标。
事实上大脑视觉处理区域会对立体视标更感兴趣和注意，也会持续发挥功能来维持它的继续存在，所以大脑视觉处理区域会反馈性地引导脑干里特定的眼外肌神经核来保持或移动眼睛的视轴来维持感兴趣的立体视标的延续。这时候，双眼可以是同时静止、内聚(训练时这个眼球内聚运动是被避免的，它是两个眼球同时向内相反方向运动)、外展(训练时这个眼球外展运动是被鼓励的，它也是两个眼球同时向外相反方向运动)、向上、向下、向左、向右或斜向的同时相同方向运动(训练时向左、向右或斜向的同时相同方向运动是被避免的)。眼球移动时立体视标的视觉持续维持会反馈性地引导双眼沿着原来的运动轨迹前进，直至超出大脑视觉处理区域的融合机制的极限，这时候被融合成立体的视标会分解为两个2D平面化视标而产生复视。利用3D立体视标相对于2D平面视标的视觉优势，可以加强训练大脑视觉处理区域重复性地抑制近反射通路中心，放松睫状肌使晶状体调节复原到增加前的状态，同时鼓励双眼进行外展的运动来强化相对的被近视弱化的外展眼外肌，和弱化相对的被近视强化的内聚眼外肌。
例如：左右眼视觉上各自完整或不完整的视标图案
可以是左右眼视觉上各自完整的视标图案，目的是要求左右眼把两个完整的视标图案套在一起，而形成一个完整(3D)的视标和背景。也可以是左右眼视觉上各自不完整的视标图案，例如：狮子的图案是断断续续的破损不全的。目的是要求左右眼把两个残缺不完整的视标图案套在一起，而形成一个特定的完整(3D)视标和背景。
为保证上述训练效果，本发明所采用的中央训练视标300移动速度的范围在0.1°～3°/秒。
除了采用上述有互补对比的圆圈形视标外，还可以采用以下几类：
图案视标，包括：动物、植物、地标、山水、河流、汽车、船、飞机、日常用品、餐厅、酒店大堂和音乐厅等景像，这些视标可以是真实的拍摄影像，也可以是绘画影像或卡通影像。
文字视标，包括：汉字、唐诗宋词、三字经等方法。外文：如英语，法语，德语，拉丁文等。
图案+文字组合视标，例如：狮子图案和汉字或外文“狮子”同时出现或前后出现。
场景中各种组合的切换，例如：图案和图案(狮子然后老虎)，图案和文字(狮子图案和中文或外文狮子同时出现或前后出现)，文字和文字(先中文后外文等)。
当使用平板电脑从45cm距离观看时，视标的大小约为15mm×15mm(以相对的训练距离为基础，大小可以适当改变，来迎合被训练者的视力水平和训练需要)。
需要说明的是，本发明中应用的训练视标300在2D的平面上，满足其视标的长：宽≤5：1，或宽：长≤5：1。
如此规定，旨在消除大脑在尝试把左右眼所看到的视标融合时会产生困难而产生不适的症状，例如：头晕、头痛。所以在被训练者把左右相同大小的影像融合而得到单一影像时，可以把单边的视标变大或变小但大小偏差要低于10％，在左右眼相对距离和角度不变的情况下来刺激大脑达到融合和训练目的。
在关于训练视标的颜色、背景颜色的变化和应用方面，例如：
a.训练视标可以是没有颜色只有轮廓的老虎，然后自动逐渐用更多颜色填充轮廓，得到完整的老虎。
b.两边颜色可以相同或不同，来达到叠加或混合效应,像交替出现的颜色，比如红色，绿色，蓝色，黄色等等。此外，视觉中心会把两个单眼不同颜色的类似视标叠加在一起来得到一个混合后和之前不同颜色的视标(蓝色视标叠加另一单眼的绿色视标会得到一个浅蓝色视标)，而形成一个完整(3D)的特定颜色视标和背景。
c.颜色可以进行深浅变化，比如：浅绿加深到翠绿再加深到墨绿，或从深色变浅。
d.背景颜色为偏灰色，来减少不必要的过亮的光线刺激，以免干扰被训练者对中央和外围训练视标的专注度。
在关于训练视标亮度的变化方面，视标的亮度可以有节奏地被改变，从相 对较暗变到较亮，也可相对较亮变到较暗，来回进行。避免因为过亮影响瞳孔反应和不必要的调节增加。
此外，训练视标的静动态模式(静态、动态、静动结合、马赛克的融入、短片形式)。
通过选择训练视标的静态和动态模式的固定程序或随机程序进行训练。
静态训练时，视标不移动，两个单眼所看到的视标都没有动。
动态训练时，视标逐步或跳跃移动模式，例如：单眼的训练视标是鸟，另一单眼的训练视标是鸟笼(大小刚好可以装下鸟，训练时要视觉上维持鸟在鸟笼内)。
a.各自单眼的视标都在移动。
b.一个单眼的视标固定，另一个单眼视标在动。
c.各单眼的视标交替移动。
静态和动态混合的训练：
例1：马赛克图像的制作，开始时训练视标是很不完整的，需要一点一点地把一个个不同曲线所绘制的图像部分拼凑起来，最后得到一个完整的马赛克图像。
例2：在训练视标的轮廓周边加上阴影，或加上额外的图像(如：在牛背上加只鸟，牛边上加棵树)。
例3：利用卡通短片故事形式来呈现视标和训练。
此外，在训练视标的显示时间、移动速度(延续时间的长短)方面，训练视标的显示时间和移动速度可操控成更快或更慢，以产生更有效率的视觉冲击。
考虑到眨眼间的平均时间0.3～0.4秒，所以视标的显示时间不低于0.5秒。另外考虑到“特克斯勒消逝效应”，聚焦在某个视标上的时间在20秒或以上之后，视觉刺激会淡化而至消失，所以训练时视标的显示时间应控制在不超过10秒左右。
先从慢的移动速度开始，利用大脑的视标缓慢追踪运动机制，使抵抗近反射通路的眼外肌沿着首要运动方向移动，从双眼的瞳距来决定单眼视标相对中线的最低距离，以此作为反向融合的最低值，也就是起点，沿着被训练的眼外肌连着眼球的角度方向进行，到达反向融合的最高值，也就是终点。重复训练 时，慢慢把追踪速度提升到最大值。
习惯了比较快的追踪运动之后，视标改为跳跃的表现形式，这时候是利用大脑的视标快速扫视运动，从双眼的瞳距来决定单眼视标相对中线的最低距离，以此作为反向融合的最低值，也就是起点，沿着被训练的眼外肌连着眼球的角度方向进行，到达反向融合的最高值，也就是终点。重复训练时，慢慢把扫视速度提升到最大值。
对于一连串先后出现的训练视标在意义上的关系，例如：唐诗视标的文字是由左右眼看到的图像合成的，通过各个视标的移动反复和组合，形成完整连贯有意义的文字。各种乐器物品的图像视标也可用不同形式的组合拼图形成完整图像。还可以有数学运算式样的训练、天文或历史知识的介绍等等。
此外，本发明的训练视标可以结合音频，音频内容和训练视标有机配合，包括语言讲解、音乐或两者兼备，可以讲述故事，也可以有多种类的背景音乐衬托。
例如：乐谱和音乐声音的结合，声音可以是音乐本身，也可以是音乐的背景介绍，包括作曲家、作曲背景和曲子的相关故事等。目的：与视标产生共鸣作用，加上背景解说音乐等可以达到教育效果，维持对训练的专注性。
上述几种训练的配合旨在通过高效率的视标表现方法来持续有效地刺激大脑的视觉处理中心，避免单一不移动的视标产生“特克斯勒消逝效应”，从而避免视觉疲劳，延长刺激的时间，维持训练的专注性，提高吸引力，大大提升单位时间里的刺激作用，这样就可以加大抑制近反射通路中心，放松睫状肌使晶状体调节复原到增加前的状态，强化外展眼外肌和弱化内聚眼外肌，达到耗时短、效率高的训练目的。
本发明使训练视标们之间出现联系或具有故事性的元素，能构成联想的要素组成有逻辑性的情节或场景。透过生动、有趣、知识性的视标(连相关的音频或背景音乐)的互动的训练媒体方式，能同时达到知识面的提高和教育性的效果(教学相长)，同时避免了因为枯燥乏味的训练过程而造成不专注和低效率的训练结果。
使用具有吸引力的视标，视标会以：3D立体视标的形成，视标的出现-消失，颜色改变，变大-缩小的方式，外观上的细微添加或减少，轮廓线粗细虚 实交替、添加马赛克图案、移动、跳跃、静止与添加关于特征，对比(例如同义词、反义词等)等等方式出现，这样就能够避免“特克斯勒消逝效应”的出现，维持训练的趣味性，以达到持续刺激大脑，良好地维持反向融合更长时间高效地达到训练目的。
需要说明的是，周边视觉的重要功能在于：常见结构和形式的识别，辨别类似的形式和动作，形成视觉背景的感觉。中心视觉的感受加上周边视觉的贡献就构成日常眼睛所看到的全景详细的视野。
由于眼睛的球状形态，以及日常生活瞳孔的大小与晶状体和周边视网膜相对位置的关系，临床上对整体视觉有重要贡献的周边视网膜是指赤道(大约43°)前后范围(大约25°～60°)。由于周边远视性离焦现象也会引起和加剧近视的形成和进展，所以弱化或抵消周边远视性离焦现象可有助于抑制假性近视和真性近视的形成。
因此，图4给出了在中央训练视标基础上，对单侧视野区进行周边视觉训练的一种实施例情况。
该实施例是中央训练视标300的间距为第一眼位加2～30mm位置，双眼单视状态下，周边训练视标A和B以中央训练视标为参照，在视野的颞侧25°～60°的位置上移动的情况。
其中，图4a所示为周边训练视标A和B固定不动的情况；
图4b～4d所示为周边训练视标B固定，周边训练视标A向B移动，当A和B重叠的时候A停止移动的情况；
图4e～4g所示为周边训练视标A朝反方向移动离开训练视标B，直到A和B出现叠影时，周边训练视标A停止移动的情况。
上述特殊设计的周边训练视标A和B要求满足：
(1)周边训练视标的背景颜色：偏灰色。
(2)周边训练视标的颜色：哑光黑的图形，如：马的卡通图
(3)周边训练视标的位置：在视野的颞侧25°～60°的位置上。
(4)周边训练视标的大小：是中央训练视标大小的16倍。
(5)周边训练视标的静态和动态移动方式：当中央训练视标定在第一眼 位瞳距加2～30mm(不限于2～30mm)的位置，且得到双眼单视状态时。
本发明可以通过一套完整的应用程序软件实现的。这个软件可以在电脑，手机或者平板电脑上安装，被训练者通过直接在这些交互端上的操作，可以自由选择所需要的训练内容，通过观看电脑屏幕、电视屏幕或者投影屏幕上的训练视标进行训练，训练过程中可根据实际需要变化视标和背景音乐等。
该应用程序有在线APP和离线APP两种版本。
通过这整套特殊的训练方法，高效地达到以下目的：
由于各单眼仅能看到只出现在颞侧的视标，同时大脑视觉中心为了达到双眼单视以及立体视觉的要求，所以大脑视觉中心会应用视觉反向融合、赫林定律、谢林顿定律来指挥脑干以达到以下效果。
1.控制和抑制中脑的近反射通路中心，使之不易活化。
2.使睫状肌放松，反痉挛，尽量保持放松状态。
3.使晶体表面弧度和前后径恢复到没有额外调节的状态，达到消除不必要的调节。
4.指令脑干相关的眼外肌神经核，依从赫林定律，刺激双眼和颞侧相关的外展眼外肌和抑制鼻侧相关的内聚眼外肌使双眼在外展运动中可以维持双眼单视目的，这样就可以持续地抑制过度发达且肌肉张力过强的内聚眼外肌，同时增强已被弱化的外展眼外肌且提升已被下降的肌肉张力。
5.提升不良视力，抵消假性近视，减缓或停止真性近视的加深和眼轴的过度延伸。
6.大大降低因为调节增加引起近视加重而产生的眼球结构的不良改变，降低日后生活中眼睛特别是视网膜的并发症，例如：视网膜破洞、视网膜脱落、视网膜出血、玻璃体出血、视网膜裂缝造成的血管增生、患青光眼等等的不良后果和风险几率。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述发明披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本申请的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本申请进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本申请中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本申请示范实施 例的精神和范围。
同时，本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或“一替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
本申请的一些方面可以完全由硬件执行、可以完全由软件(包括固件、常驻软件、微码等)执行、也可以由硬件和软件组合执行。以上硬件或软件均可被称为“数据块”、“模块”、“引擎”、“单元”、“组件”或“系统”。处理器可以是一个或多个专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理器件(DAPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器或者其组合。此外，本申请的各方面可能表现为位于一个或多个计算机可读介质中的计算机产品，该产品包括计算机可读程序编码。例如，计算机可读介质可包括，但不限于，磁性存储设备(例如，硬盘、软盘、磁带……)、光盘(例如，压缩盘CD、数字多功能盘DVD……)、智能卡以及闪存设备(例如，卡、棒、键驱动器……)。
计算机可读介质可能包含一个内含有计算机程序编码的传播数据信号，例如在基带上或作为载波的一部分。该传播信号可能有多种表现形式，包括电磁形式、光形式等等、或合适的组合形式。计算机可读介质可以是除计算机可读存储介质之外的任何计算机可读介质，该介质可以通过连接至一个指令执行系统、装置或设备以实现通讯、传播或传输供使用的程序。位于计算机可读介质上的程序编码可以通过任何合适的介质进行传播，包括无线电、电缆、光纤电缆、射频信号、或类似介质、或任何上述介质的组合。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述发明披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本申请的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本申请进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本申请中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本申请示范实施例的精神和范围。
同时，本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或“一替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
同理，应当注意的是，为了简化本申请披露的表述，从而帮助对一个或多个发明实施例的理解，前文对本申请实施例的描述中，有时会将多种特征归并至一个实施例、附图或对其的描述中。但是，这种披露方法并不意味着本申请对象所需要的特征比权利要求中提及的特征多。实际上，实施例的特征要少于上述披露的单个实施例的全部特征。
一些实施例中使用了描述成分、属性数量的数字，应当理解的是，此类用于实施例描述的数字，在一些示例中使用了修饰词“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”来修饰。除非另外说明，“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”表明所述数字允许有±20％的变化。相应地，在一些实施例中，说明书和权利要求中使用的数值参数均为近似值，该近似值根据个别实施例所需特点可以发生改变。在一些实施例中，数值参数应考虑规定的有效数位并采用一般位数保留的方法。尽管本申请一些实施例中用于确认其范围广度的数值域和参数为近似值，在具体实施例中，此类数值的设定在可行范围内尽可能精确。
虽然本申请已参照当前的具体实施例来描述，但是本技术领域中的普通技术人员应当认识到，以上的实施例仅是用来说明本申请，在没有脱离本申请精神的情况下还可作出各种等效的变化或替换，因此，只要在本申请的实质精神范围内对上述实施例的变化、变型都将落在本申请的权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种视力训练装置，其特征在于，包括：
    双眼视野分隔装置，包括双隔板和调节单元，所述双隔板包括活动连接呈一夹角的两隔板，所述调节单元用以调节所述两隔板之间的夹角；
    显示屏，所述双隔板将所述显示屏分隔为左、右视野。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的视力训练装置，其特征在于，
    所述双隔板包括训练侧和近屏侧，所述训练侧设置在所述活动连接侧，所述近屏侧为所述训练侧的相对侧，所述近屏侧靠近所述显示屏以分隔所述左、右视野。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的视力训练装置，其特征在于，
    所述调节单元设置在近所述近屏侧的两隔板之间，包括调节旋钮和调节伸缩支架，其中调节伸缩支架伸缩连接所述两隔板，通过所述调节旋钮伸缩调节所述两隔板之间的夹角。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的视力训练装置，其特征在于，
    所述训练侧进一步包括额头托和下巴托中任一种，所述训练侧与所述显示屏的间距≥45cm。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的视力训练装置，其特征在于，
    所述双隔板的颜色是哑光的炭黑色。
  6. 一种应用权利要求1至5中任一种视力训练装置的训练方法，用于被训练者的视力矫正，其特征在于，
    步骤一，根据所述被训练者第一眼位设置所述近屏侧两隔板的间距；
    步骤二，在分隔的所述显示屏左右侧分别提供可移动的至少两训练视标，所述训练视标各自从所述被训练者的第一眼位开始分别向其左右两眼的颞侧方向移动，所述被训练者的左右两眼分别跟踪所述训练视标；
    步骤三，当所述被训练者的大脑视觉中心获得的反向融合图像出现叠影时， 所述两训练视标分别原路径回到所述第一眼位；
    步骤四，重复上述步骤至少两次；
    其中，训练开始时的瞳距较所述第一眼位时瞳距增加2～30毫米。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的训练方法，其特征在于，
    所述训练视标的长度范围为5mm～60mm，长宽比或宽长比在1～5之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的训练方法，其特征在于，
    所述中央训练视标移动速度为0.1°～3°/秒。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的训练方法，其特征在于，
    所述中央训练视标包括3D视标，图案视标，文字视标，图案和文字组合视标，图案和色彩组合视标中任一种。
  10. 一种应用权利要求1至5中任一种视力训练装置的训练方法，用于被训练者的视力矫正，其特征在于，
    步骤一，根据所述被训练者第一眼位设置所述近屏侧两隔板的间距；
    步骤二，在分隔的所述显示屏左右侧分别提供可移动的至少两中央训练视标，所述中央训练视标位于较所述第一眼位时瞳距增加2～30毫米；
    步骤三，在所述其中一侧显示屏上，所述被训练者视野的颞侧25°～60°位置提供至少第一、第二周边训练视标；
    步骤四，所述第一周边训练视标向近颞侧的所述第二周边训练视标移动；
    步骤五，当所述被训练者的大脑视觉中心获得所述第一、第二周边训练视标重叠时，所述第一周边训练视标原路径回到起始位置；
    步骤六，重复上述步骤至少两次；
    其中，训练开始时的瞳距较所述第一眼位时瞳距增加2～30毫米。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的训练方法，其特征在于，
    所述被训练者视野的颞侧25°～60°位置等于所述第一眼位的视轴角度。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的训练方法，其特征在于，
    所述周边训练视标的背景颜色包括灰色，所述周边训练视标的颜色包括哑光黑。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的训练方法，其特征在于，
    所述周边训练视标的面积至少是所述中央训练视标面积的16倍。
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