WO2022166202A1 - 用于智能管理停车位的方法、计算机系统和可读介质 - Google Patents

用于智能管理停车位的方法、计算机系统和可读介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022166202A1
WO2022166202A1 PCT/CN2021/117947 CN2021117947W WO2022166202A1 WO 2022166202 A1 WO2022166202 A1 WO 2022166202A1 CN 2021117947 W CN2021117947 W CN 2021117947W WO 2022166202 A1 WO2022166202 A1 WO 2022166202A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mobile terminal
target vehicle
parking space
parking
vehicle
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PCT/CN2021/117947
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
才华
肖普山
孙权
门小骅
王天童
刘刚
詹成初
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中国银联股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022166202A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022166202A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/14—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
    • G08G1/141—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas with means giving the indication of available parking spaces
    • G08G1/142—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas with means giving the indication of available parking spaces external to the vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/02—Reservations, e.g. for tickets, services or events
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/02—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points taking into account a variable factor such as distance or time, e.g. for passenger transport, parking systems or car rental systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0125—Traffic data processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/14—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/14—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
    • G08G1/145—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas where the indication depends on the parking areas
    • G08G1/148—Management of a network of parking areas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to data processing technology, in particular to a method for intelligently managing parking spaces, a computer system and a computer-readable storage medium for implementing the method.
  • Chinese patent application CN 201910644143.9 discloses an intelligent unattended on-street parking charging system and method based on electronic toll collection (ETC) and meters.
  • ETC electronic toll collection
  • the user needs to download the mobile terminal APP in advance
  • the parking charging system can be accessed to query the parking space information and payment information; in addition, a vehicle sensing unit needs to be installed in each parking space to determine whether there is a vehicle entering, otherwise the ETC will not be able to make accurate judgments.
  • Chinese patent application CN 201910644238.0 discloses an intelligent unattended on-street parking charging system and method based on ETC.
  • the underground, roadside vertical pole or the roadside unit mounted on the patrol car conducts two-way communication with the on-board unit, so as to complete the billing and charging for the use of parking spaces.
  • a corresponding sensor needs to be installed in each parking space to judge the state of the parking space.
  • the communication distance of ETC is usually tens of meters, and a certain safety distance needs to be maintained to prevent brushing
  • the communication distance of ETC is usually tens of meters, and a certain safety distance needs to be maintained to prevent brushing
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method, a computer system and a computer-readable storage medium for intelligently managing parking spaces, enabling efficient and reliable management of parking spaces with lower implementation costs.
  • a method for intelligently managing parking spaces comprises the following steps performed by a computer system:
  • the state data is used to describe the traffic state of the road near the parking area and the driving state of the vehicle driving on the road;
  • the state data includes one or more of the following: the lane in which the vehicle travels, the speed of the vehicle, the acceleration of the vehicle, the distance between the vehicles, the distance between the vehicle and the intersection and the traffic density.
  • the state data is also used to describe the history of the state of the parking space.
  • step A includes:
  • A2 Compare the sum of the scores of each item with a preset threshold to determine whether the vehicle is the target vehicle.
  • step A a similarity recommendation algorithm is used to determine whether the vehicle is the target vehicle from the state data.
  • step B includes:
  • B1. Use the wireless positioning capability of the communication infrastructure to obtain the location of the mobile terminal near the location of the target vehicle;
  • the communication infrastructure is a roadside unit based on V2X technology or an access node of a wireless access network
  • the wireless access network includes one of the following: 3G/4G/5G Radio access network, NB-IOT network, eMTC network, LoRaWAN network and LoRa network of mobile communication system.
  • step B3 the computer system pushes the information of available parking spaces or allocated parking spaces through a 5G message platform or a short message platform of a mobile communication operator.
  • the push objects are divided into multiple groups, and in step B3, the information of available parking spaces or allocated parking spaces is pushed to each group of push objects at different times.
  • step C includes:
  • the motion track of the mobile terminal that sends the parking space reservation request is based on the real-time satellite positioning data provided by the mobile terminal or the position data of the mobile terminal determined by using the wireless positioning capability of the communication infrastructure to determine;
  • C3. Determine whether there is a relationship between the mobile terminal sending the parking space reservation request and the target vehicle based on the degree of matching between the motion trajectory of the mobile terminal that sends the parking space reservation request and the motion trajectory of the target vehicle Establish a binding relationship.
  • step C includes:
  • C4 obtain the position of the mobile terminal that sends the parking space reservation request, the position is determined based on the real-time satellite positioning data provided by the mobile terminal or the position data of the mobile terminal determined by using the wireless positioning capability of the communication infrastructure;
  • C6 Determine whether to establish a binding between the mobile terminal sending the parking space reservation request and the target vehicle based on the relative positional relationship among the mobile terminal that sends the parking space reservation request, the target vehicle and the reserved parking space established relationship.
  • step C further comprises:
  • the method further comprises the following steps performed by the computer system:
  • the method further comprises the following steps performed by the computer system:
  • step G the movement associated with the non-target vehicle is determined based on the intersection of the mobile terminal near the reserved parking space and the mobile terminal near the target vehicle in step B terminal.
  • step G the mobile terminal with the best matching degree between the motion trajectory and the motion trajectory of the non-target vehicle after leaving the predetermined parking space is determined to be associated with the non-target vehicle. mobile terminal.
  • a computer system for intelligently managing parking spaces according to another aspect of the present invention includes:
  • the state data is used to describe the traffic state of the road near the parking area and the driving state of the vehicle driving on the road;
  • a computer-readable storage medium has a computer program stored thereon, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described above.
  • the push object of the parking information is determined based on the relative positional relationship between the mobile terminal and the target vehicle, and the push of the information is implemented through the 5G message platform, so there is no need to download the client APP.
  • Complete parking space information query and reservation which greatly reduces the cost of user access to services.
  • the mobile terminal since the mobile terminal is bound to the target vehicle, it can also solve the problem of deduction based on the license plate number information (for example, the parking fee of the counter-licensed vehicle or the loaned vehicle is recorded in the name of the original vehicle owner).
  • the payment object can be quickly determined by comparing the mobile terminal near the vehicle leaving the parking space with the mobile terminal that pushes the parking information. Furthermore, by determining whether the vehicle enters the parking space based on the positional relationship between the vehicle, the parking space and the mobile terminal, it is possible to avoid the limitations of identifying the vehicle in the ETC method and the video method and problems such as false brushing and brushing.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for intelligently managing parking spaces according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for intelligently managing parking spaces according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a parking service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of paying a parking service fee according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of paying a parking service fee according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a parking service according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a computer system for managing parking spaces according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • mobile terminal generally refers to computing devices that can be used on the move, including but not limited to mobile phones, notebook computers, tablet computers, vehicle-mounted computers, and wearable electronic devices.
  • 5G message or “rich media message” refers to the ability to support a variety of media formats (including text, pictures and audio and video), used between users (such as between individual users and between service providers and individual users) ) interactive messages.
  • 5G Messaging-based "SMS" apps can integrate communications services such as voice, messaging, status bar and location services.
  • a service provider can present the commercial services it provides in the form of 5G messages or rich media messages on the message interface of other users' mobile terminals in the form of interactive cards, and other users can communicate with the service provider or select services. project.
  • 5G messaging platform refers to a functional entity that provides 5G messaging services by communication operators. With this functional entity, users can send and receive 5G messages on the terminal's native message portal without downloading the client.
  • the term "status data” refers to data that can be used to determine whether the vehicle has an intention to use a parking space.
  • state data data describing the traffic state of the road near the parking area and the driving state of the vehicle traveling on the road may be used as the state data; data describing the history of the state of the parking space may also be used as the state data.
  • the status data includes, but is not limited to, the lane in which the vehicle travels, the speed of the vehicle, the acceleration of the vehicle, the distance between the vehicles, the distance between the vehicle and the intersection, the traffic density, and the statistical value of the parking space occupancy rate in the parking area at various times of the day.
  • a monitoring unit eg, lidar
  • a combination of one or more of the above data items can be used to determine the intention to use a parking space.
  • each data item of the state data may be discretized, that is, the value of each data item is mapped to a discrete value. For example, for the lane in which the vehicle travels, it can be determined whether the vehicle is located in the lane leading to the parking lot (for example, when the parking lot is located on the right side of the road, it will be determined whether the vehicle is located in the lane that allows right-hand turns), and assign corresponding values to different situations. discrete value. For another example, for continuous values such as vehicle speed, acceleration, vehicle distance from the intersection, traffic density, and statistical values of parking space occupancy rates in each period, their respective value ranges can be divided into multiple intervals, and each interval can be divided into multiple intervals. Assign the corresponding discrete value.
  • the speed of the vehicle can be divided into two intervals that are greater than the set speed threshold and less than or equal to the set speed threshold, wherein the speed threshold can be based on the speed limit information of the road and the historical statistics of the speed of the vehicle on the road. value to set.
  • a vehicle (hereinafter also referred to as a "target vehicle") that has an intent to use a parking space or is likely to use a parking service is determined based on the status data.
  • the target vehicle can be determined in the following manner: First, each data item in the status data is scored. As mentioned above, the respective value range of each data item can be divided into multiple intervals and each interval is assigned a corresponding discrete value. Therefore, by selecting the size of the discrete value for the value range, different data items can be assigned different values. the weight of. Then, the scores of each data item are summed (actually a weighted sum) and the weighted sum is compared with a preset threshold, so as to determine whether the vehicle is the target vehicle (for example, if the vehicle is greater than the preset threshold, it is determined as the target vehicle) , otherwise it is determined as a non-target vehicle).
  • a similarity recommendation algorithm or a similarity recommendation algorithm may also be used to determine whether the vehicle is the target vehicle based on the similarity of the state data.
  • information about available parking spaces or allocated parking spaces will be actively pushed to mobile terminals in the vicinity of the target vehicle.
  • the information of available parking spaces or allocated parking spaces may be pushed to the mobile terminal via the 5G messaging platform.
  • the rich media properties of 5G messages enable parking service information (such as parking space location, surrounding environment, parking space status map and rates, etc.) to be presented in various information formats (such as text, pictures, animation, sound and video clips, etc.).
  • parking service message encapsulated in the rich media card message is received by the mobile terminal, it can be directly displayed on the mobile terminal in rich interface styles (such as multi-level menu, selection buttons and dialog boxes, etc.) and content formats (such as text, pictures, animations, sound and video clips, etc.) to present the information elements contained in the message.
  • users can obtain a map of parking space distribution and occupancy by clicking on the pushed 5G message or H5 interface jump, etc., reserve a parking space and drive a vehicle there.
  • the push objects can be divided into multiple groups, and the information of available parking spaces or allocated parking spaces is pushed to the groups of the push objects at different times.
  • the interval for sending messages between two groups can be set according to the time required for the user to respond to the push information (for example, 10 seconds).
  • the computer system for managing parking spaces will receive information about the same vehicle Multiple parking space reservation requests for cars; for another example, when mobile terminals located on different vehicles receive information about available parking spaces, if the users of these mobile terminals reserve the same parking space, it will lead to the management of parking spaces.
  • the computer system of the parking space receives multiple reservation requests for the same parking space. Therefore, by pushing information of available parking spaces or allocated parking spaces to each group in a non-concurrent manner, the possibility of the above-mentioned confusion can be reduced.
  • the wireless positioning capability of the communication infrastructure in order to determine the mobile terminal in the vicinity of the target vehicle, optionally, can be used to obtain the position of the mobile terminal near the location of the target vehicle, The mobile terminal whose distance from the target vehicle is less than the preset distance value is determined as the push object.
  • the communication infrastructure may be, for example, a roadside unit or an access node of a radio access network based on the V2X technology.
  • the radio access network described here includes one of the following: a radio access network of a 3G/4G/5G mobile communication system, an NB-IOT network, an eMTC network, a LoRaWAN network, and a LoRa network.
  • the positioning accuracy of the current 5G base station has reached the meter level, and will reach the sub-meter level after the expansion of the deployment scale in the future, which can fully meet the accuracy requirements required by the application.
  • a parking space reservation request when a parking space reservation request is received from the push object, it will be determined whether a binding relationship is established between the mobile terminal sending the parking space reservation request and the target vehicle.
  • whether to establish a binding relationship may be determined in the following manner: First, the motion trajectory of the mobile terminal that sends the parking space reservation request is acquired.
  • the motion trajectory may be determined based on real-time satellite positioning data provided by the mobile terminal or location data of the mobile terminal determined using wireless positioning capabilities of the communication infrastructure.
  • the mobile terminal can send the satellite positioning data it receives from the satellite positioning system to a computer system that determines whether to establish a binding relationship, and the latter generates the motion trajectory of the mobile terminal;
  • the positioning data generates a motion track, and the generated motion track is sent to a computer system for judging whether to establish a binding relationship.
  • the movement track of the target vehicle can be determined by using the position data of the target vehicle acquired by the monitoring unit disposed near the parking area.
  • whether to establish a binding relationship between the mobile terminal and the target vehicle may be determined based on the degree of matching between the motion trajectory of the mobile terminal sending the parking space reservation request and the motion trajectory of the target vehicle.
  • whether to establish a binding relationship can also be determined in the following manner: first, obtain the position of the mobile terminal, which can be based on real-time satellite positioning data provided by the mobile terminal that sends the parking space reservation request or wireless communication using the communication infrastructure. The positioning capability is determined by the location data. Next, the position of the target vehicle is acquired using a monitoring unit disposed near the parking area. Subsequently, it is determined whether to establish a binding relationship between the mobile terminal and the target vehicle based on the relative positional relationship among the mobile terminal sending the parking space reservation request, the target vehicle and the reserved parking space. Exemplarily, if at least one of the following conditions is satisfied, it is determined that a binding relationship can be established between the mobile terminal and the target vehicle:
  • Condition 1 within a set length of time, the distance between the mobile terminal and the target vehicle is always smaller than the first preset value or the average value of the distances between the mobile terminal and the target vehicle is smaller than the first preset value;
  • Condition 2 Within a set length of time, the distance between the mobile terminal and the reserved parking space is always smaller than the second preset value or the average value of the distance between the mobile terminal and the reserved parking space is smaller than the second default value;
  • Condition 3 Within a set length of time, the distance between the target vehicle and the reserved parking space is always less than the third preset value or the average of the distances between the target vehicle and the reserved parking space is less than the third default value.
  • lidar can be used as the monitoring unit.
  • a real-time updated three-dimensional map can be constructed based on the point cloud data (which may include, for example, the motion trajectory of the target vehicle, the route to the parking space, the driving lane, the driving buildings and other vehicles around the route, etc.).
  • 5G messages have rich media properties, so after the binding relationship is established, the constructed three-dimensional map can be sent to the mobile terminal that reserves the parking space through the 5G message to facilitate user navigation.
  • the mobile terminal is marked with its unique device identification in the mobile communication system.
  • the device identification includes, but is not limited to, a combination of one or more of the following: a SUCI number, a GUTI number, a SUPI number, an IMSI number, and the like.
  • the SUPI number is preset in the USIM card of the mobile terminal and registered in the 5G core network UDM/UDR.
  • 5G communication for example, according to the communication process defined in 3GPP TS 23.501
  • a mobile terminal accesses a specific cell or base station, it will submit a GUTI/SUCI/SUPI number to the base station for identity authentication
  • the user will submit the IMSI number (or the temporary mobile subscriber identity code TMSI) to the base station of the access cell for authentication.
  • IMSI number or the temporary mobile subscriber identity code TMSI
  • the uniqueness of the device identification and the corresponding relationship with the user's identity enable the user's identity to be determined accurately and quickly, so the user can use the parking service without running a special parking APP on the mobile terminal, and in the event of illegal parking and evasion, parking Service providers are also able to pinpoint relevant users.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for intelligently managing parking spaces according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method flow of this embodiment is executed by a computer system for managing parking spaces.
  • the computer system includes a processing unit and a monitoring unit deployed in the vicinity of the parking area (eg, by the roadside adjacent the parking area).
  • a processing unit may be a general-purpose computing unit including, for example, a memory and a processor executing a computer program stored in the memory.
  • the monitoring unit acquires state data describing the traffic state of the road near the parking area and the traveling state of the vehicle traveling on the road and transmits the state data to the processing unit.
  • the state data includes, but is not limited to, the lane in which the vehicle travels, the speed of the vehicle, the acceleration of the vehicle, the distance between the vehicles, the distance of the vehicle relative to the intersection, and the density of traffic flow, and the like.
  • the processing unit determines a target vehicle that may use the parking service based on the status data acquired by the monitoring unit.
  • the processing unit may also use the history describing the status of the parking space (for example, the statistical value of the occupancy rate of the parking space at various time periods in a day, etc.) as an additional feature when determining the target vehicle.
  • Status data item The method for determining the target vehicle has been described above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the processing unit determines or acquires the position of the mobile terminal in the vicinity of the target vehicle.
  • the wireless location capability of the communication infrastructure can optionally be used to obtain the location of the mobile terminal in the vicinity of the location of the target vehicle.
  • step S104 the processing unit compares the distance value between the mobile terminal and the target vehicle with the preset distance value, and determines the mobile terminal smaller than the preset value as the push object.
  • step S105 the processing unit actively pushes the information of available parking spaces or allocated parking spaces to the determined target object, for example, via the 5G message platform.
  • the processing unit may push information of available parking spaces or allocated parking spaces to each group of push objects in a non-concurrent manner.
  • step S106 when the processing unit receives the parking space reservation request from the push object, it will determine whether to establish a binding relationship between the mobile terminal sending the parking space reservation request and the target vehicle.
  • the method of establishing the binding relationship has been described above, and will not be repeated here.
  • step S107 the processing unit constructs a three-dimensional navigation map based on the point cloud data of buildings, lanes and other vehicles near the target vehicle, and in step S108, the processing unit sends the constructed three-dimensional navigation map to the mobile terminal that established the binding relationship map.
  • steps S107 and S108 are optional steps, and the method flow of this embodiment can also directly enter step S109 described below after step S106 is executed.
  • step S109 the processing unit determines whether there is a vehicle entering the reserved parking space, and if so, proceeds to step S110, otherwise, continues to monitor the state of the reserved parking space.
  • the monitoring unit may be used to monitor the state of the parking space.
  • step S110 the processing unit starts to count the occupancy of the parking space and updates the status of the parking space from "reservation status" to "use status".
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for intelligently managing parking spaces according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method flow of this embodiment may be combined with the method flow shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 2 can be applied to manage the payment of parking fees, which can be executed after the method flow shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 2 can also be executed by the above-mentioned computer system.
  • step S201 the processing unit determines whether the vehicle leaves the parking space. If driving away from the parking space, go to step S202; otherwise, continue to monitor the state of the parking space.
  • the processing unit may determine whether the vehicle leaves the parking space according to the position data of the vehicle (eg, whether the distance between the vehicle and the parking space is greater than or equal to a preset value, and if so, it is determined that the vehicle leaves the parking space).
  • step S202 the processing unit generates a parking fee according to the occupied time period and the rate of the parking space and updates the parking space state from "used state" to "idle state".
  • step S203 the processing unit judges whether the vehicle leaving the parking space is the target vehicle, if it is the target vehicle, then proceed to step S204, if it is not the target vehicle (hereinafter also referred to as non-target vehicle), then proceed to step S205.
  • step S203 the processing unit determines the departing vehicle based on the location data of the mobile terminal defined in the binding relationship (for example, the satellite positioning data of the mobile terminal provided by the satellite positioning system or the location data of the mobile terminal provided by the communication infrastructure) Whether it is a target vehicle (for example, only when it is determined that the distance between the mobile terminal and the parking space is greater than or equal to a preset value, the vehicle that leaves the parking space is determined to be the target vehicle).
  • the location data of the mobile terminal defined in the binding relationship for example, the satellite positioning data of the mobile terminal provided by the satellite positioning system or the location data of the mobile terminal provided by the communication infrastructure
  • step S204 the processing unit will send the generated parking fee to the mobile terminal defined in the binding relationship to instruct the mobile terminal to start the payment process.
  • the user can interact with the payment system through a 5G message-based payment tool to complete the payment of the parking fee.
  • step S205 the processing unit determines mobile terminals that may be associated with the non-target vehicle.
  • the intersection of the set composed of mobile terminals near the parking space and the set composed of the push objects determined in step S104 shown in FIG. 1 may be used as the mobile terminal possibly related to the non-target vehicle.
  • the mobile terminal whose motion trajectory best matches the motion trajectory of the non-target vehicle after leaving the parking space may be determined as the mobile terminal related to the non-target vehicle.
  • step S206 The method flow shown in FIG. 2 enters step S206 after step S205, in which the processing unit will send the generated parking fee to the mobile terminal determined in step S205 that may be related to the non-target vehicle to instruct the mobile terminal to start the payment process .
  • the user can interact with the payment system through a 5G message-based payment tool to complete the payment of the parking fee.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a parking service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the short message application function supported by the mobile terminal includes the parking service function, so the message interaction between the mobile terminal and the computer system can be realized through the 5G message platform.
  • Step S301 The monitoring unit (for example, deployed beside the road near the parking area) acquires the status data used to describe the traffic status of the road near the parking area, the driving status of the vehicles driving on the road, and the history of the status of the parking space.
  • the status data includes but It is not limited to the lane the vehicle travels in, the speed of the vehicle, the acceleration of the vehicle, the distance between the vehicles, the distance between the vehicle and the intersection, the traffic density, and the statistical value of the parking space occupancy rate in the parking area at various times of the day.
  • Step S302 The monitoring unit transmits status data to the processing unit.
  • Step S303 the processing unit determines the target vehicle according to the state data. The method for determining the target vehicle has been described above, and will not be repeated here.
  • Step S304 The processing unit sends a parking space information push request to the message push platform of the mobile communication system, and the request includes the position P1 of the target vehicle, the target range (for example, the range in which the distance from P1 is less than a certain value) and the available parking space or information on allocated parking spaces, etc.
  • Step S305 The message push platform sends a mobile terminal query request to multiple (eg, three or more) access nodes of the wireless access network covering the location P1.
  • Step S306 The access node returns its own coordinates and parameter information such as the time difference of arrival and the angle of arrival of the uplink signal of the mobile terminal that communicates with it.
  • Step S307 The message push platform calculates the position P2 of the mobile terminal according to the coordinates and parameter information returned by the access node, and determines the mobile terminal as a push object if the relative distance between the position P1 and the position P2 is less than a preset value.
  • Step S308 The message push platform sends the information of the available parking spaces or allocated parking spaces to the push object by means of short messages/5G messages.
  • Step S309 The user clicks on the mobile terminal to push the short message, and obtains the parking space distribution and occupancy map by means of H5 interface jump or 5G message, so as to select the reserved parking space or confirm the allocated parking space.
  • Step S310 The mobile terminal sends the location P3 of the mobile terminal determined based on the real-time satellite positioning signal to the processing unit.
  • the communication between the mobile terminal and the processing unit may be via a mobile communication network, but also via other networks (eg wireless local area networks deployed near parking areas).
  • Step S311 The processing unit acquires the dynamic position P1' of the target vehicle in real time through the monitoring unit.
  • Step S312 The processing unit compares the dynamic position P1' with the dynamic position P3' of the mobile terminal to determine whether a temporary binding relationship is established between the target vehicle and the mobile terminal (for example, the binding is released after the parking fee is paid. relationship) and update the status of the parking space to the reserved status.
  • a temporary binding relationship for example, the binding is released after the parking fee is paid. relationship
  • the processing unit will establish a binding relationship between the target vehicle and the mobile terminal.
  • the processing unit will establish a binding relationship between the target vehicle and the mobile terminal:
  • Condition 1 Within a set length of time, the distance between P1' and P3' is always smaller than the first preset value or the average value of the distance between P1' and P3' is smaller than the first preset value;
  • Condition 2 within a set length of time, the distance between P1' and P2 is always smaller than the second preset value or the average value of the distance between P1' and P2 is smaller than the second preset value;
  • Condition 3 Within a set length of time, the distance between P3' and P2 is always smaller than the third preset value or the average value of the distances between P3' and P2 is smaller than the third preset value.
  • Step S313 The processing unit returns a parking space reservation confirmation message to the mobile terminal.
  • the processing unit can also send a three-dimensional navigation map to the mobile terminal via the 5G message platform.
  • Step S314 The user drives the target vehicle to the reserved parking space under the guidance of the three-dimensional navigation map.
  • Step S315 After the user drives the target vehicle into the parking space, the user inputs personal information (such as license plate number and mobile terminal device identification (such as mobile phone number), etc.) or authorizes the processing unit to obtain the user's personal information from a third party.
  • personal information such as license plate number and mobile terminal device identification (such as mobile phone number), etc.
  • Step S316 The processing unit binds the parking space number of the parking space with the personal information of the user, starts charging and updates the parking space status. For users whose personal information cannot be obtained, the processing unit annotates the parking space with a sign of the user to be bound.
  • the binding operation of the berth number and the personal information in steps S315 and S316 can be omitted.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of paying a parking service fee according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the SMS application functions supported by the mobile terminal include the parking service function and the payment function, so the message interaction between the mobile terminal and the computer system and between the mobile terminal and the payment system can be realized through the 5G message platform.
  • Step S401 The monitoring unit detects the state of the parking space in real time.
  • Step S402 The monitoring unit sends the vehicle departure information to the processing unit after detecting that the vehicle leaves the parking space.
  • Step S403 The processing unit calculates the parking fee based on the parking start and end time and the rate, and determines the mobile terminal that sends the parking fee payment information.
  • the sender of the parking fee payment information may be determined based on the user's personal information bound in step S315 of FIG. 3 .
  • the mobile terminal that sends the parking space reservation request may be determined as the sending object of the parking fee payment information.
  • Step S404 The processing unit sends, for example, the parking fee payment information to the sender determined in step S403 through the 5G message platform, for example, the fee information is included in the parking service tool interface displayed on the screen of the mobile terminal.
  • Step S405 The user selects to confirm the parking fee on the parking service tool interface.
  • the message interaction process between the mobile terminal and the payment system described below is implemented using a short message application function called "payment tool”.
  • Step S406 In response to the user's confirmation of the parking fee, the payment system completes the deduction operation, and the processing unit updates the parking space state from the occupied state to the idle state.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of paying a parking service fee according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the SMS application functions supported by the mobile terminal include the parking service function and the payment function, so the message interaction between the mobile terminal and the computer system and between the mobile terminal and the payment system can be realized through the 5G message platform.
  • the parking space is not bound to the user, and the entering vehicle is not the target vehicle.
  • Step S501 The monitoring unit monitors the occupancy status of the parking space in real time.
  • Step S502 The monitoring unit sends the vehicle departure information to the processing unit after detecting that the vehicle leaves the parking space.
  • Step S503 The processing unit calculates the parking fee based on the parking start and end time and the rate, and judges that the parking space does not have bound user personal information and the vehicle leaving is not the target vehicle.
  • Step S504 The processing unit sends a payment information push request to the message push platform, the request including the vehicle's position P1", the target range (for example, the range within which the distance from P1" is less than a certain value) and the calculated parking fee, etc.
  • Step S505 The message push platform sends a mobile terminal query request to multiple (for example, three or more) access nodes of the wireless access network covering the location P1".
  • Step S506 The access node returns its own coordinates and parameter information such as the time difference of arrival and the angle of arrival of the uplink signal of the mobile terminal that communicates with it.
  • Step S507 The message push platform calculates the position P2′′ of the mobile terminal according to the coordinates and parameter information returned by the access node, and if the relative distance between the position P1′′ and the position P2′′ is less than a preset value, then the mobile terminal is determined as payment information Push object.
  • Step S508 The message push platform sends the parking fee information to the push object by means of a short message or a 5G message.
  • the processing unit sends the parking fee information to the push object determined in step S507, for example, through the 5G message platform, and the fee is included, for example, on the parking service tool interface displayed on the screen of the mobile terminal.
  • Step S509 The user selects to confirm the parking fee on the parking service tool interface.
  • the deduction operation is completed through the message interaction process between the user's mobile terminal and the payment system.
  • the message interaction process between the mobile terminal and the payment system described below is implemented using a short message application function called "payment tool".
  • Step S510 The mobile terminal returns a message of successful payment to the processing unit.
  • Step S511 In response to the message that the charge is successful, the processing unit updates the parking space state from the occupied state to the idle state.
  • the short message application function supported by the mobile terminal includes the parking service function, so the message interaction between the mobile terminal and the computer system can be realized through the 5G message platform.
  • the roadside unit based on the V2X technology is used as the communication infrastructure.
  • Step S601 The monitoring unit (for example, deployed beside the road near the parking area) acquires state data used to describe the traffic state of the road near the parking area, the driving state of the vehicles driving on the road, and the history of the state of the parking space.
  • the state data includes but does not include: It is limited to the lane where the vehicle is traveling, the speed of the vehicle, the acceleration of the vehicle, the distance between the vehicles, the distance of the vehicle relative to the intersection, the traffic density, and the statistical value of the parking space occupancy rate in the parking area at various times of the day.
  • Step S602 The monitoring unit transmits status data to the processing unit.
  • Step S603 The processing unit determines the target vehicle according to the state data. The method for determining the target vehicle has been described above, and will not be repeated here.
  • Step S604 The processing unit sends a parking space information push request to the message push platform, and the request includes the position P1 of the target vehicle, the target range (for example, the range in which the distance from P1 is less than a certain value), and available parking spaces or allocated parking spaces. bits of information, etc.
  • Step S605 The message push platform sends a mobile terminal query request to multiple (for example, three or more) roadside units covering the location P1.
  • Step S606 the RSU returns its own coordinates and parameter information such as the time difference of arrival and the angle of arrival of the uplink signal of the mobile terminal that communicates with it.
  • Step S607 The message push platform calculates the position P2 of the mobile terminal according to the coordinates and parameter information returned by the roadside unit, and determines the mobile terminal as the push object if the relative distance between the position P1 and the position P2 is less than a preset value.
  • Step S608 The message push platform initiates an identity identification request to the mobile terminal as the push object through the roadside unit.
  • Step S609 In response to the identification request, the mobile terminal returns its identification (for example, SUPI or IMSI) to the message push platform through the roadside unit.
  • identification for example, SUPI or IMSI
  • Step S610 The message push platform sends the information of the available parking spaces or allocated parking spaces to the push object by means of a short message or a 5G message.
  • Step S611 The user clicks on the mobile terminal to push the short message, and obtains the parking space distribution and occupancy map by means of H5 interface jump or 5G message to select the reserved parking space or confirm the allocated parking space.
  • Step S612 The mobile terminal sends the location P3 of the mobile terminal determined based on the real-time satellite positioning signal to the processing unit.
  • the communication between the mobile terminal and the processing unit may be via a mobile communication network, but also via other networks (eg wireless local area networks deployed near parking areas).
  • Step S613 The processing unit acquires the dynamic position P1' of the target vehicle in real time through the monitoring unit.
  • Step S614 The processing unit compares the dynamic position P1' with the dynamic position P3' of the mobile terminal to determine whether a temporary binding relationship is established between the target vehicle and the mobile terminal (for example, the binding is released after the parking fee is paid. relationship).
  • a temporary binding relationship for example, the binding is released after the parking fee is paid. relationship.
  • the processing unit will establish a binding relationship between the target vehicle and the mobile terminal. .
  • the processing unit will establish a binding relationship between the target vehicle and the mobile terminal:
  • Condition 1 Within a set length of time, the distance between P1' and P3' is always smaller than the first preset value or the average value of the distance between P1' and P3' is smaller than the first preset value;
  • Condition 2 within a set length of time, the distance between P1' and P2 is always smaller than the second preset value or the average value of the distance between P1' and P2 is smaller than the second preset value;
  • Condition 3 Within a set length of time, the distance between P3' and P2 is always smaller than the third preset value or the average value of the distances between P3' and P2 is smaller than the third preset value.
  • Step S615 The processing unit returns a parking space reservation confirmation message to the mobile terminal.
  • the processing unit can also send a three-dimensional navigation map to the mobile terminal via the 5G message platform.
  • Step S616 The user drives the target vehicle to the reserved parking space under the guidance of the three-dimensional navigation map.
  • Step S617 After the user drives the target vehicle into the parking space, the user inputs personal information (such as license plate number and mobile terminal device identification (such as mobile phone number), etc.) or authorizes the processing unit to obtain the user's personal information from a third party.
  • personal information such as license plate number and mobile terminal device identification (such as mobile phone number), etc.
  • Step S618 The processing unit binds the parking space number of the parking space with the personal information of the user, starts charging and updates the parking space status. For users whose personal information cannot be obtained, the processing unit annotates the parking space with a sign of the user to be bound.
  • the binding operation of the berth number and the personal information in steps S617 and S618 can be omitted.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a computer system for managing parking spaces according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the computer system 70 shown in FIG. 7 includes a memory 710 (eg, non-volatile memory such as flash memory, ROM, hard drive, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.), a processor 720 coupled to the memory 710, and stored on the memory 710 and available at Computer program 730 running on processor 720 .
  • a memory 710 eg, non-volatile memory such as flash memory, ROM, hard drive, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.
  • processor 720 coupled to the memory 710, and stored on the memory 710 and available at Computer program 730 running on processor 720 .
  • the computer system shown in FIG. 7 may further include a monitoring unit 740 coupled with the memory 710 and the processor 720 .
  • a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the above-described method for intelligently managing parking spaces with reference to FIGS. 1-6 can be implemented. method.

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Abstract

一种用于管理停车位的方法以及实施该方法的计算机系统（70）和计算机可读存储介质。该用于管理停车位的方法包含由计算机系统（70）执行的下列步骤：A、基于状态数据确定可能使用停车服务的目标车辆，状态数据用于描述停车区域附近道路的交通状态和道路上行驶的车辆的行驶状态；B、向目标车辆附近的移动终端推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息；C、响应于来自移动终端的停车位预订请求，确定是否在发送该停车位预订请求的移动终端与目标车辆之间建立绑定关系；以及D、响应于与发送停车位预订请求的移动终端绑定的目标车辆驶入或驶离所预订的停车位的事件，更新停车位状态。

Description

用于智能管理停车位的方法、计算机系统和可读介质
本申请对提交于2021年2月2日并且发明名称为“用于智能管理停车位的方法、计算机系统和可读介质”的中国专利申请202110142010.9要求优先权，该中国专利申请的全部公开通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及数据处理技术，特别涉及用于智能管理停车位的方法以及实施该方法的计算机系统和计算机可读存储介质。
背景技术
随着城市汽车保有量的增加，停车难的问题日益严重。为此，许多城市考虑在部分道路区域设置停车位以缓解这种局面。然而由于路面车位的空间开放性特征，其管理难度要远高于停车场。
中国专利申请CN 201910644143.9公开了一种基于电子不停车收费(ETC)和咪表智能无人值守路内停车收费系统及方法，在所公开的方法和系统中，用户需要预先下载移动端APP后才可访问停车收费系统以查询停车位信息和缴费信息；此外，在每个车位上也需要安装车辆感知单元以判断是否有车辆驶入，否则将导致ETC无法进行精准判断。
中国专利申请专利CN 201910644238.0公开了一种基于ETC的智能无人值守路内停车收费系统及方法，在所公开的停车收费系统中，使用环路感应器感知车辆的驶入，并通过安装于车位地下、路边竖杆或搭载于巡逻车上的路边单元与车载单元进行双向通信，从而完成对停车位使用的计费和收费。在上述系统中，需要在每个车位安装相应的感应器以判断车位状态。此外，受制于ETC设备的识别精度和最大识别范围(ETC的通信距离通常为数十米，并且需要保持一定的安全距离以防止蹭刷)，当利用1个路侧单元对多个车位进行管理时，容易造成相邻车道和前后车位的误刷。
由上可见，需要提供一种能够解决上述问题的用于管理停车位的方法和装置。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供用于智能管理停车位的方法、计算机系统和计算机可读存储介质，使得能够以较低的实施成本对停车位进行高效、可靠的管理。
按照本发明一个方面的用于智能管理停车位的方法包含由计算机系统执行的下列步骤：
A、基于状态数据确定可能使用停车服务的目标车辆，所述状态数据用于描述停车区域附近道路的交通状态和道路上行驶的车辆的行驶状态；
B、向所述目标车辆附近的移动终端推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息；
C、响应于来自移动终端的停车位预订请求，确定是否在发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端与所述目标车辆之间建立绑定关系；以及
D、响应于与发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端绑定的所述目标车辆驶入或驶离所预订的停车位的事件，更新停车位状态。
可选地，在上述方法中，所述状态数据包括下列中的一项或多项：车辆所行驶的车道、车辆的速度、车辆的加速度、车辆间距、车辆相对于路口的距离和车流密度。
可选地，在上述方法中，所述状态数据还用于描述停车位状态的历史。
可选地，在上述方法中，步骤A包括：
A1、将所述状态数据中的各项进行计分；以及
A2、将各项的计分之和与预设的阈值进行比较以确定车辆是否为目标车辆。
可选地，在上述方法中，在步骤A中，利用相似性推荐算法，由所述状态数据确定车辆是否为目标车辆。
可选地，在上述方法中，步骤B包括：
B1、利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力来获取所述目标车辆所在位置附近的移动终端的位置；
B2、将与所述目标车辆的距离小于预设距离值的移动终端确定为推送对象；以及
B3、向所述推送对象推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
可选地，在上述方法中，所述通信基础设施为基于V2X技术的路侧单元或无线接入网的接入节点，所述无线接入网包括下列中的一种：3G/4G/5G移动通信系统的无线接入网、NB-IOT网络、eMTC网络、LoRaWAN网络和LoRa网络。
可选地，在上述方法中，在步骤B3中，所述计算机系统通过移动通信营运商的5G消息平台或短消息平台推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
可选地，在上述方法中，所述推送对象被划分为多个分组，在步骤B3中，在不同的时刻向各个推送对象的分组推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
可选地，在上述方法中，步骤C包括：
C1、获取发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端的运动轨迹，所述运动轨迹基于由该移动终端提供的实时卫星定位数据或利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力所确定的该移动终端的位置数据而确定；
C2、利用设置于停车区域附近的监控单元获取所述目标车辆的位置数据以确定所述目标车辆的运动轨迹；以及
C3、基于发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端的运动轨迹与所述目标车辆的运动轨迹之间的匹配程度来确定是否在发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端与所述目标车辆之间建立绑定关系。
可选地，在上述方法中，步骤C包括：
C4、获取发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端的位置，所述位置基于由该移动终端提供的实时卫星定位数据或利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力确定的该移动终端的位置数据而确定；
C5、利用设置于停车区域附近的监控单元获取所述目标车辆的位 置；以及
C6、基于发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端、目标车辆和所预订的停车位三者的相对位置关系确定是否在发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端与所述目标车辆之间建立绑定关系。
可选地，在上述方法中，步骤C进一步包括：
基于目标车辆附近的建筑物、车道和其它车辆的点云数据构建三维地图；以及
向发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端发送所构建的三维导航地图。
可选地，在上述方法中，所述方法进一步包括由计算机系统执行的下列步骤：
E、根据停车位占用时长和费率生成停车费用；以及
F、向发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端发送生成的停车费用以指示该移动终端启动支付流程。
可选地，在上述方法中，所述方法进一步包括由计算机系统执行的下列步骤：
G、响应于所述目标车辆以外的非目标车辆驶离所预订的停车位的事件，确定与该非目标车辆相关联的移动终端；
H、根据停车位占用时长和费率生成停车费用；以及
F、向所述非目标车辆发送生成的停车费用以指示该移动终端启动支付流程。
可选地，在上述方法中，在步骤G中，基于所预订的停车位附近的移动终端与步骤B中所述目标车辆附近的移动终端的交集来确定与所述非目标车辆相关联的移动终端。
可选地，在上述方法中，在步骤G中，将运动轨迹与驶离所述预定停车位后的非目标车辆的运动轨迹匹配程度最佳的移动终端确定为与所述非目标车辆相关联的移动终端。
按照本发明另一个方面的用于智能管理停车位的计算机系统包含：
存储器；
处理器；以及
存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，该计算机程序的运行使得下列步骤被执行：
A、基于状态数据确定可能使用停车服务的目标车辆，所述状态数据用于描述停车区域附近道路的交通状态和道路上行驶的车辆的行驶状态；
B、向所述目标车辆附近的移动终端推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息；
C、响应于来自移动终端的停车位预订请求，确定是否在发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端与所述目标车辆之间建立绑定关系；以及
D、响应于与发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端绑定的所述目标车辆驶入或驶离所预订的停车位的事件，更新停车位状态。
按照本发明还有一个方面的计算机可读存储介质，其上存储计算机程序，其中，该程序被处理器执行时实现如上所述的方法。
在本发明的一个或多个实施例中，基于移动终端与目标车辆之间的相对位置关系来确定停车信息的推送对象，并且通过5G消息平台实施信息的推送，因此无需下载客户端APP即可完成车位信息查询和预订，大大减少了用户触达服务成本。此外，由于将移动终端与目标车辆绑定，因此也可解决基于车牌号码信息执行扣费时的缺陷(例如套牌车辆或出借车辆发生的停车费用被记录到原车主的名下)。另外，即使在停车位未与用户个人信息绑定的情况下，也能通过比较驶离停车位的车辆附近的移动终端与推送停车信息的移动终端，迅速确定缴费对象。再者，通过基于车辆、停车位和移动终端三者之间的位置关系来确定车辆是否驶入停车位，可以避免以ETC方式和视频方式识别车辆的局限和误刷、蹭刷等问题。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或其它方面和优点将通过以下结合附图的各个方面的描述变得更加清晰和更容易理解，附图中相同或相似的单元采 用相同的标号表示。附图包括：
图1为按照本发明的一个实施例的用于智能管理停车位的方法的流程图。
图2为按照本发明另一个实施例的用于智能管理停车位的方法的流程图。
图3为按照本发明一个实施例的停车服务流程图。
图4为按照本发明另一个实施例的停车服务费缴纳流程图。
图5为按照本发明另一个实施例的停车服务费缴纳流程图。
图6为按照本发明另一个实施例的停车服务流程图。
图7为按照本发明另一个实施例的用于管理停车位的计算机系统的示意框图。
具体实施方式
下面参照其中图示了本发明示意性实施例的附图更为全面地说明本发明。但本发明可以按不同形式来实现，而不应解读为仅限于本文给出的各实施例。给出的上述各实施例旨在使本文的披露全面完整，以将本发明的保护范围更为全面地传达给本领域技术人员。
在本说明书中，诸如“包含”和“包括”之类的用语表示除了具有在说明书和权利要求书中有直接和明确表述的单元和步骤以外，本发明的技术方案也不排除具有未被直接或明确表述的其它单元和步骤的情形。
诸如“第一”和“第二”之类的用语并不表示单元在时间、空间、大小等方面的顺序而仅仅是作区分各单元之用。
在本说明书中，术语“移动终端”泛指可以在移动中使用的计算设备，其包括但不限于手机、笔记本电脑、平板电脑、车载电脑和可穿戴电子设备等。
术语“5G消息”或“富媒体消息”指的是能够支持多种媒体格式(包括文本、图片和音视频)的、用于用户之间(例如个人用户之间和服务提供商与个人用户之间)交互的消息。基于5G消息的“短信”应用可以将语音、消息、状态栏和位置服务等通信服务集成在一起。示例 性地，服务提供商可以将其提供的商业服务以5G消息或富媒体消息以交互式卡片的形式呈现在其他用户的移动终端的消息界面上，其他用户可以与服务提供商交流或选择服务项目。
术语“5G消息平台”指的是通信营运商提供5G消息服务的功能性实体，借助该功能性实体，用户无需下载客户端即可在终端原生的消息入口收发5G消息。
在本说明书中，术语“状态数据”指的是能够用于判断车辆是否具有使用停车位的意图的数据。例如，可以将描述停车区域附近道路的交通状态和道路上行驶的车辆的行驶状态的数据用作状态数据；还可以将描述停车位状态历史的数据用作状态数据。
状态数据例如包括但不限于车辆所行驶的车道、车辆的速度、车辆的加速度、车辆间距、车辆相对于路口的距离、车流密度和停车区域在一天内各个时段停车位占用率的统计值等。示例性地，可以利用设置于停车区域附近的监控单元(例如激光雷达)来获取上述数据项中的一个或多个。
对于一台在停车区域附近道路上行驶的车辆，可利用上述数据项中的一个或多个的组合来判断使用停车位的意图。
可选地，可以将状态数据的各个数据项作离散化处理，即，将各个数据项的取值映射为离散值。例如对于车辆所行驶的车道，可判断车辆是否位于通往停车场的车道(例如当停车场位于道路右侧时，将判断车辆是否位于允许右转弯的车道)，并且对于不同的情形赋予相应的离散值。又如对于车辆的速度、加速度、车辆相对于路口的距离、车流密度和各个时段停车位占用率的统计值等连续值，可以将它们各自的取值范围划分为多个区间并且为每个区间赋予相应的离散值。
可选地，可以将车辆的速度划分为大于设定的速度阈值和小于或等于设定的速度阈值两个区间，其中，速度阈值可基于道路的限速信息和道路上车辆行驶速度的历史统计值来设定。
在本发明的一个或多个实施例中，基于状态数据来确定具有使用停车位意图或可能使用停车服务的车辆(以下又称为“目标车辆”)。
可选地，可以下列方式来确定目标车辆：首先，对状态数据中的 各个数据项进行计分。如上所述，可以将各个数据项各自的取值范围划分为多个区间并且为每个区间赋予相应的离散值，因此通过为取值范围选择离散值的大小，可以对不同的数据项赋予不同的权重。随后，对各个数据项的计分求和(实际上是加权和)并且将该加权和与预设的阈值进行比较，从而确定车辆是否为目标车辆(例如大于预设的阈值即确定为目标车辆，否则确定为非目标车辆)。
可选地，还可以利用相似性推荐算法或相似度推荐算法，由状态数据的相似程度确定车辆是否为目标车辆。
在本发明的一个或多个实施例中，在确定目标车辆之后，将向该目标车辆附近区域内的移动终端主动推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
可选地，可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息可经5G消息平台推送给移动终端。5G消息的富媒体属性使得停车服务信息(例如车位位置、周边环境、停车位状态图和费率等)能够以各种信息格式(例如文字、图片、动画、声音和视频片段等)来呈现。相应地，封装在富媒体卡片消息中的停车服务消息在被移动终端接收后，无需借助服务提供商或第三方的APP即可直接在移动终端上以丰富的界面样式(例如多级菜单、选择按钮和对话框等)和内容格式(例如文字、图片、动画、声音和视频片段等)来呈现消息中包含的信息元素。相应地，用户可通过点击推送的5G消息或H5界面跳转等方式获取车位分布占用图，预订停车位并驾驶车辆前往。
当推送对象为多个移动终端时，可选地，可以将推送对象划分为多个分组，并在不同的时刻向各个推送对象的分组推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。优选地，两个分组之间消息发送的间隔可以根据用户对推送信息作出反应所需的时间设定(例如10秒)。当位于同一辆车的多个移动终端同时收到可使用停车位的信息时，如果这些移动终端的用户预订了不同的停车位，则将导致用于管理停车位的计算机系统接收到关于同一辆车的多个停车位预订请求；又如，当位于不同车辆上的移动终端收到可使用停车位的信息时，如果这些移动终端的用户预订了相同的停车位，则将导致用于管理停车位的计算机 系统接收到关于同一个停车位的多个预订请求。因此通过以非并发方式向各个分组推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息，能够减少发生上述混乱的可能性。
在本发明的一个或多个实施例中，为了确定该目标车辆附近区域内的移动终端，可选地，可以利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力来获取目标车辆所在位置附近的移动终端的位置，并将与目标车辆的距离小于预设距离值的移动终端确定为推送对象。通信基础设施例如可以是基于V2X技术的路侧单元或无线接入网的接入节点。这里所述的无线接入网包括下列中的一种：3G/4G/5G移动通信系统的无线接入网、NB-IOT网络、eMTC网络、LoRaWAN网络和LoRa网络。由于通信基础设施部署范围广并且密度高，因此在进行定位时具有良好的可得性和令人满意的精度。例如当前5G基站的定位精度已经达到米级水平，未来在扩大部署规模后将达到亚米级水平，完全能够满足应用所需的精度需求。
在本发明的一个或多个实施例中，当从推送对象处接收到停车位预订请求时，将确定是否在发送停车位预订请求的移动终端与目标车辆之间建立绑定关系。
可选地，可按照下列方式来确定是否建立绑定关系：首先，获取发送停车位预订请求的移动终端的运动轨迹。示例性地，该运动轨迹可基于由移动终端提供的实时卫星定位数据或利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力所确定的移动终端的位置数据而确定。例如，移动终端可将其从卫星定位系统接收的卫星定位数据发送给判断是否建立绑定关系的计算机系统，由后者生成移动终端的运动轨迹；或者，移动终端基于从卫星定位系统接收的卫星定位数据生成运动轨迹，并且将生成的运动轨迹发送给判断是否建立绑定关系的计算机系统。随后，可利用设置于停车区域附近的监控单元所获取的目标车辆的位置数据来确定目标车辆的运动轨迹。接着，可基于发送停车位预订请求的移动终端的运动轨迹与目标车辆的运动轨迹之间的匹配程度来确定是否在该移动终端与目标车辆之间建立绑定关系。
可选地，还可按照下列方式来确定是否建立绑定关系：首先，获 取移动终端的位置，该位置可基于发送停车位预订请求的移动终端提供的实时卫星定位数据或利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力确定的位置数据来确定。接着，利用设置于停车区域附近的监控单元来获取目标车辆的位置。随后，基于发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端、目标车辆和所预订的停车位三者的相对位置关系来确定是否在移动终端与目标车辆之间建立绑定关系。示例性地，如果下列条件中的至少一项得到满足即确定可在移动终端与目标车辆之间建立绑定关系：
条件1：在设定长度的时间段内，移动终端与目标车辆之间的距离始终小于第一预设值或移动终端与目标车辆之间的距离的平均值小于第一预设值；
条件2：在设定长度的时间段内，移动终端与所预订的停车位之间的距离始终小于第二预设值或移动终端与所预订的停车位之间的距离的平均值小于第二预设值；
条件3：在设定长度的时间段内，目标车辆与所预订的停车位之间的距离始终小于第三预设值或目标车辆与所预订的停车位之间的距离的平均值小于第三预设值。
如果上述条件均未满足，则认定移动终端与目标车辆之间不具有绑定关系。
可选地，可采用激光雷达作为监控单元。当车辆的位置数据为激光雷达获取的点云数据时，可以基于该点云数据构建实时更新的三维地图(其例如可包括目标车辆的运动轨迹、驶往停车位的路线、行驶的车道、行驶路线周围的建筑物和其它车辆等)。如上所述，5G消息具有富媒体属性，因此在建立绑定关系之后，可以通过5G消息向预订停车位的移动终端发送所构建的三维地图以方便用户导航。
在本发明的一个或多个实施例中，移动终端以其在移动通信系统中的唯一性设备标识进行标记。可选地，设备标识例如包括但不限于下列中的一项或多项的组合：SUCI号码、GUTI号码、SUPI号码和IMSI号码等。根据3GPP TS 23.501的定义，SUPI号码预置在移动终端的USIM卡内并且注册于5G核心网UDM/UDR。在5G通信中(例如根据3GPP TS 23.501定义的通信流程)，当移动终端接入特定小区 或基站时，将向基站提交GUTI/SUCI/SUPI号码用于身份的鉴权认证；在基于4G/3G/2G协议的通信流程中，用户则将向接入小区的基站提交IMSI号码(或临时移动用户识别码TMSI)用于鉴权。设备标识的唯一性以及与用户身份的对应性关系使得能够准确、快速地确定用户身份，因此用户无需在移动终端上运行专门的停车APP即可使用停车服务，而且在违规停车和逃费时，停车服务提供商也能够准确定位相关的用户。
图1为按照本发明的一个实施例的用于智能管理停车位的方法的流程图。本实施例的方法流程由用于管理停车位的计算机系统执行。示例性地，该计算机系统包括处理单元和部署在停车区域附近(例如邻近停车区域的道路旁)的监控单元。处理单元可以是通用计算单元，其例如包括存储器和运行存储器内存储的计算机程序的处理器。
如图1所示，在步骤S101，监控单元获取用于描述停车区域附近道路的交通状态和道路上行驶的车辆的行驶状态的状态数据并且将状态数据传送至处理单元。可选地，状态数据例如包括但不限于车辆所行驶的车道、车辆的速度、车辆的加速度、车辆间距、车辆相对于路口的距离和车流密度等。
随后在步骤S102中，处理单元基于监控单元获取的状态数据确定可能使用停车服务的目标车辆。可选地，除了监控单元获取的状态数据以外，处理单元在确定目标车辆时还可将描述停车位状态的历史(例如停车区域在一天内各个时段停车位占用率的统计值等)作为额外的状态数据项。有关目标车辆的确定方式在上面已作描述，此处不再赘述。
接着进入步骤S103，处理单元确定或获取目标车辆附近区域内的移动终端的位置。如上所述，可选地，可利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力来获取目标车辆所在位置附近的移动终端的位置。
随后在步骤S104中，处理单元将移动终端与目标车辆之间的距离值与预设的距离值进行比较，并且将小于预设值的移动终端确定为推送对象。
接着进入步骤S105中，处理单元例如经5G消息平台向所确定的 目标对象主动推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。对于存在多个推送对象的情形，可选地，处理单元可以非并发方式向推送对象的各个分组推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
随后在步骤S106中，当处理单元从推送对象处接收到停车位预订请求时，将确定是否在发送停车位预订请求的移动终端与目标车辆之间建立绑定关系。有关绑定关系的建立方式在上面已作描述，此处不再赘述。
在步骤S107中，处理单元基于目标车辆附近的建筑物、车道和其它车辆的点云数据构建三维导航地图，并且在步骤S108中，处理单元向建立绑定关系的移动终端发送所构建的三维导航地图。需要指出的是，步骤S107和S108为可选的步骤，本实施例的方法流程也可以在步骤S106执行完毕之后直接进入下面描述的步骤S109。
在步骤S109中，处理单元判断是否有车辆驶入预订的停车位，如果有，则进入步骤S110，否则继续监视预定停车位的状态。在步骤S109中，可以利用监控单元来监测停车位的状态。
在步骤S110中，处理单元开始对该停车位的占用进行计时并且将该停车位的状态由“预订状态”更新为“使用状态”。
图2为按照本发明另一个实施例的用于智能管理停车位的方法的流程图。本实施例的方法流程可与图1所示的方法流程相结合。具体而言，图2所示的方法流程可应用于管理停车费用的缴纳，其可在图1所示方法流程之后执行。示例性地，图2所示的方法流程也可以由上述计算机系统执行。
如图2所示，在步骤S201，处理单元判断车辆是否驶离停车位。如果驶离停车位，则进入步骤S202，否则，则继续监测停车位的状态。在步骤S201中，处理单元可以根据车辆的位置数据来判断其是否驶离停车位(例如车辆与停车位的距离是否大于或等于预设值，如果是，则判断车辆驶离停车位)。
在步骤S202中，处理单元根据停车位占用的时长和费率生成停车费用并且将停车位状态由“使用状态”更新为“空闲状态”。
随后进入步骤S203，处理单元判断驶离停车位的车辆是否为目标 车辆，如果是目标车辆，则进入步骤S204，如果不是目标车辆(以下又称为非目标车辆)，则进入步骤S205。
在步骤S203中，处理单元基于绑定关系中定义的移动终端的位置数据(例如卫星定位系统提供的移动终端的卫星定位数据或通信基础设施提供的移动终端的位置数据)来判断驶离的车辆是否为目标车辆(例如仅当确定移动终端与停车位的距离大于或等于预设值时才判定驶离停车位的车辆为目标车辆)。
在步骤S204中，处理单元将向绑定关系中定义的移动终端发送生成的停车费用以指示移动终端启动支付流程。可选地，用户可通过基于5G消息的支付工具与支付系统进行交互以完成停车费的缴纳。
回到步骤S203的另一个分支步骤S205。在步骤S205中，处理单元确定可能与非目标车辆相关联的移动终端。可选地，可以将停车位附近的移动终端所构成的集合与图1所示步骤S104中确定的推送对象所构成的集合的交集作为可能与非目标车辆相关的移动终端。或者可选地，可以将运动轨迹与驶离停车位后的非目标车辆的运动轨迹匹配程度最佳的移动终端确定为与非目标车辆相关的移动终端。
图2所示的方法流程在步骤S205之后进入步骤S206，在该步骤中，处理单元将向步骤S205中确定的可能与非目标车辆相关的移动终端发送生成的停车费用以指示移动终端启动支付流程。可选地，用户可通过基于5G消息的支付工具与支付系统进行交互以完成停车费的缴纳。
图3为按照本发明一个实施例的停车服务流程图。示例性地，移动终端支持的短信应用功能包括停车服务功能，因此可通过5G消息平台实现移动终端与计算机系统之间的消息交互。
图3所示的流程包含下列步骤：
步骤S301：监控单元(例如部署在停车区域附近的道路旁)获取用于描述停车区域附近道路的交通状态、道路上行驶的车辆的行驶状态以及停车位状态的历史的状态数据，状态数据包括但不限于车辆所行驶的车道、车辆的速度、车辆的加速度、车辆间距、车辆相对于路口的距离、车流密度以及停车区域在一天内各个时段停车位占用率的 统计值等。
步骤S302：监控单元向处理单元传送状态数据。
步骤S303：处理单元根据状态数据确定目标车辆。有关目标车辆的确定方式在上面已作描述，此处不再赘述。
步骤S304：处理单元向移动通信系统的消息推送平台发送停车位信息推送请求，该请求包括目标车辆的位置P1、目标范围(例如与P1的距离小于某个取值的范围)和可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息等。
步骤S305：消息推送平台向覆盖位置P1的多个(例如3个或更多个)无线接入网的接入节点发送移动终端查询请求。
步骤S306：接入节点返回其自身的坐标以及与其通信的移动终端的上行信号到达时间差和到达角度等参数信息。
步骤S307：消息推送平台根据接入节点返回的坐标和参数信息计算移动终端的位置P2，并且如果位置P1与位置P2的相对距离小于预设值，则将该移动终端确定为推送对象。
步骤S308：消息推送平台通过短信/5G消息等方式向推送对象发送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
步骤S309：用户在移动终端上点击推送短信息，通过H5界面跳转或5G消息等方式获取车位分布占用图以选择预订的车位或确认分配的车位。
步骤S310：移动终端向处理单元发送基于实时卫星定位信号确定的、该移动终端的位置P3。移动终端与处理单元之间的通信可以经由移动通信网络，也可以经由其它网络(例如在停车区域附近部署的无线局域网)。
步骤S311：处理单元通过监控单元实时获取目标车辆的动态位置P1'。
步骤S312：处理单元基于动态位置P1'和移动终端的动态位置P3'进行比较以确定是否在目标车辆与移动终端之间建立临时性的绑定关系(例如当停车费用缴纳完毕后即释放该绑定关系)并将停车位的状态更新为预订状态。可选地，如果动态位置P1'所形成的运动轨迹 与动态位置P3'所形成的运动轨迹具有较高的匹配度或相似度，则处理单元将在目标车辆与移动终端之间建立绑定关系。或者可选地，如果动态位置P1'、动态位置P3'和预订的停车位位置P2之间同时满足下列条件，则处理单元将在目标车辆与移动终端之间建立绑定关系：
条件1：在设定长度的时间段内，P1'与P3'之间的距离始终小于第一预设值或P1'与P3'之间的距离的平均值小于第一预设值；
条件2：在设定长度的时间段内，P1'与P2之间的距离始终小于第二预设值或P1'与P2之间的距离的平均值小于第二预设值；
条件3：在设定长度的时间段内，P3'与P2之间的距离始终小于第三预设值或P3'与P2之间的距离的平均值小于第三预设值。
步骤S313：处理单元向移动终端返回停车位预订确认消息。可选地，处理单元还可经5G消息平台向移动终端发送三维导航地图。
步骤S314：用户在三维导航地图的引导下驾驶目标车辆前往预订的停车位。
步骤S315：用户在将目标车辆驶入停车位后，输入个人信息(例如车牌号和移动终端设备标识(例如手机号)等)或授权处理单元从第三方获取该用户的个人信息。
步骤S316：处理单元将停车位的泊位号与用户的个人信息绑定，开始计费并更新停车位状态。对于未能获取其个人信息的用户，处理单元将该停车位附注待绑定用户的标志。
在图3所示的方法流程中，步骤S315以及S316中的泊位号与个人信息的绑定操作可以省略。
图4为按照本发明另一个实施例的停车服务费缴纳流程图。示例性地，移动终端支持的短信应用功能包括停车服务功能和支付功能，因此可通过5G消息平台实现移动终端与计算机系统之间以及移动终端与支付系统之间的消息交互。
图4所示的流程包含下列步骤：
步骤S401：监控单元实时检测停车位的状态。
步骤S402：监控单元在检测到车辆驶离停车位后将车辆离开信息发送至处理单元。
步骤S403：处理单元基于停车起止时间和费率计算停车费用并确定发送停车费用缴纳信息的移动终端。可选地，可以基于在图3的步骤S315中绑定的用户个人信息来确定停车费用缴纳信息的发送对象。或者可选地，可以将发送停车位预订请求的移动终端确定为停车费用缴纳信息的发送对象。
步骤S404：处理单元例如通过5G消息平台向步骤S403所确定的发送对象发送停车费用缴纳信息，该费用信息例如包含在移动终端屏幕所显示的停车服务工具界面上。
步骤S405：用户在停车服务工具界面上选择确认停车费用。
示例性地，下面所描述的移动终端与支付系统之间的消息交互过程利用称之为“支付工具”的短信应用功能来实施。
步骤S406：响应于用户对停车费用的确认，支付系统完成扣款操作，并且处理单元将停车位状态由占用状态更新为空闲状态。
图5为按照本发明另一个实施例的停车服务费缴纳流程图。示例性地，移动终端支持的短信应用功能包括停车服务功能和支付功能，因此可通过5G消息平台实现移动终端与计算机系统之间以及移动终端与支付系统之间的消息交互。在本实施例中，假设停车位未与用户绑定，而且驶入车辆也非目标车辆。
图5所示的流程包含下列步骤：
步骤S501：监控单元实时监控停车位的占用状态。
步骤S502：监控单元在检测到车辆驶离停车位后将车辆离开信息发送至处理单元。
步骤S503：处理单元基于停车起止时间和费率计算停车费用并判断停该车位未有绑定的用户个人信息并且驶离的车辆也非目标车辆。
步骤S504：处理单元向消息推送平台发送缴费信息推送请求，该请求包括车辆的位置P1”、目标范围(例如与P1”的距离小于某个取值的范围)和所计算的停车费用等。
步骤S505：消息推送平台向覆盖位置P1”的多个(例如3个或更多个)无线接入网的接入节点发送移动终端查询请求。
步骤S506：接入节点返回其自身的坐标以及与其通信的移动终端 的上行信号到达时间差和到达角度等参数信息。
步骤S507：消息推送平台根据接入节点返回的坐标和参数信息计算移动终端的位置P2”，并且如果位置P1”与位置P2”的相对距离小于预设值，则将该移动终端确定为缴费信息推送对象。
步骤S508：消息推送平台通过短信/5G消息等方式向推送对象发送停车费用信息。处理单元例如通过5G消息平台向步骤S507所确定的推送对象发送停车费用信息，该费用例如包含在移动终端屏幕所显示的停车服务工具界面上。
步骤S509：用户在停车服务工具界面上选择确认停车费用。通过用户的移动终端与支付系统之间的消息交互过程完成扣费操作。示例性地，下面所描述的移动终端与支付系统之间的消息交互过程利用称之为“支付工具”的短信应用功能来实施。
步骤S510：移动终端向处理单元返回缴费成功的消息。
步骤S511：响应于费用成功的消息，处理单元将停车位状态由占用状态更新为空闲状态。
图6为按照本发明另一个实施例的停车服务流程图。示例性地，移动终端支持的短信应用功能包括停车服务功能，因此可通过5G消息平台实现移动终端与计算机系统之间的消息交互。在本实施例中，采用基于V2X技术的路侧单元作为通信基础设施。
图6所示的流程包含下列步骤：
步骤S601：监控单元(例如部署在停车区域附近的道路旁)获取用于描述停车区域附近道路的交通状态、道路上行驶的车辆的行驶状态以及停车位状态历史的状态数据，状态数据包括但不限于车辆所行驶的车道、车辆的速度、车辆的加速度、车辆间距、车辆相对于路口的距离、车流密度以及停车区域在一天内各个时段停车位占用率的统计值等。
步骤S602：监控单元向处理单元传送状态数据。
步骤S603：处理单元根据状态数据确定目标车辆。有关目标车辆的确定方式在上面已作描述，此处不再赘述。
步骤S604：处理单元向消息推送平台发送停车位信息推送请求， 该请求包括目标车辆的位置P1、目标范围(例如与P1的距离小于某个取值的范围)和可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息等。
步骤S605：消息推送平台向覆盖位置P1的多个(例如3个或更多个)路侧单元发送移动终端查询请求。
步骤S606：路侧单元返回其自身的坐标以及与其通信的移动终端的上行信号到达时间差和到达角度等参数信息。
步骤S607：消息推送平台根据路侧单元返回的坐标和参数信息计算移动终端的位置P2，并且如果位置P1与位置P2的相对距离小于预设值，则将该移动终端确定为推送对象。
步骤S608：消息推送平台通过路侧单元向作为推送对象的移动终端发起身份识别请求。
步骤S609：响应于身份识别请求，移动终端通过路侧单元向消息推送平台返回其身份标识(例如SUPI或IMSI)。
步骤S610：消息推送平台利用短信/5G消息等方式向推送对象发送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
步骤S611：用户在移动终端上点击推送短信息，通过H5界面跳转或5G消息等方式获取车位分布占用图以选择预订的车位或确认分配的车位。
步骤S612：移动终端向处理单元发送基于实时卫星定位信号确定的、该移动终端的位置P3。移动终端与处理单元之间的通信可以经由移动通信网络，也可以经由其它网络(例如在停车区域附近部署的无线局域网)。
步骤S613：处理单元通过监控单元实时获取目标车辆的动态位置P1'。
步骤S614：处理单元基于动态位置P1'和移动终端的动态位置P3'进行比较以确定是否在目标车辆与移动终端之间建立临时性的绑定关系(例如当停车费用缴纳完毕后即释放该绑定关系)。可选地，如果动态位置P1'所形成的运动轨迹与动态位置P3'所形成的运动轨迹具有较高的匹配度或相似度，则处理单元将在目标车辆与移动终端之间建立绑定关系。或者可选地，如果动态位置P1'、动态位置P3'和预订 的停车位位置P2之间同时满足下列条件，则处理单元将在目标车辆与移动终端之间建立绑定关系：
条件1：在设定长度的时间段内，P1'与P3'之间的距离始终小于第一预设值或P1'与P3'之间的距离的平均值小于第一预设值；
条件2：在设定长度的时间段内，P1'与P2之间的距离始终小于第二预设值或P1'与P2之间的距离的平均值小于第二预设值；
条件3：在设定长度的时间段内，P3'与P2之间的距离始终小于第三预设值或P3'与P2之间的距离的平均值小于第三预设值。
步骤S615：处理单元向移动终端返回车位预订确认消息。可选地，处理单元还可经5G消息平台向移动终端发送三维导航地图。
步骤S616：用户在三维导航地图的引导下驾驶目标车辆前往预订的停车位。
步骤S617：用户在将目标车辆驶入停车位后，输入个人信息(例如车牌号和移动终端设备标识(例如手机号)等)或授权处理单元从第三方获取该用户的个人信息。
步骤S618：处理单元将停车位的泊位号与用户的个人信息绑定，开始计费并更新停车位状态。对于未能获取其个人信息的用户，处理单元将该停车位附注待绑定用户的标志。
在图6所示的方法流程中，步骤S617以及S618中的泊位号与个人信息的绑定操作可以省略。
图7为按照本发明另一个实施例的用于管理停车位的计算机系统的示意框图。
图7所示的计算机系统70包含存储器710(例如诸如闪存、ROM、硬盘驱动器、磁盘、光盘之类的非易失存储器)、与存储器710耦合的处理器720以及存储在存储器710上并可在处理器720上运行的计算机程序730。
在图7所示的计算机系统中，通过执行计算机程序730以实现上面借助图1-6所述的方法步骤。
可选地，图7所示的计算机系统还可包括与存储器710和处理器720耦合的监控单元740。
按照本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储计算机程序，该程序被处理器执行时可实现上面借助图1-6所述的用于智能管理停车位的方法。
提供本文中提出的实施例和示例，以便最好地说明按照本技术及其特定应用的实施例，并且由此使本领域的技术人员能够实施和使用本发明。但是，本领域的技术人员将会知道，仅为了便于说明和举例而提供以上描述和示例。所提出的描述不是意在涵盖本发明的各个方面或者将本发明局限于所公开的精确形式。
鉴于以上所述，本公开的范围通过以下权利要求书来确定。

Claims (35)

  1. 一种用于智能管理停车位的方法，其特征在于，包含由计算机系统执行的下列步骤：
    A、基于状态数据确定可能使用停车服务的目标车辆，所述状态数据用于描述停车区域附近道路的交通状态和道路上行驶的车辆的行驶状态；
    B、向所述目标车辆附近的移动终端推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息；
    C、响应于来自移动终端的停车位预订请求，确定是否在发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端与所述目标车辆之间建立绑定关系；以及
    D、响应于与发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端绑定的所述目标车辆驶入或驶离所预订的停车位的事件，更新停车位状态。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述状态数据包括下列中的一项或多项：车辆所行驶的车道、车辆的速度、车辆的加速度、车辆间距、车辆相对于路口的距离和车流密度。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述状态数据还用于描述停车位状态的历史。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的方法，其中，步骤A包括：
    A1、将所述状态数据中的各项进行计分；以及
    A2、将各项的计分之和与预设的阈值进行比较以确定车辆是否为目标车辆。
  5. 如权利要求2或3所述的方法，其中，在步骤A中，利用相似性推荐算法，由所述状态数据确定车辆是否为目标车辆。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，步骤B包括：
    B1、利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力来获取所述目标车辆所在位置附近的移动终端的位置；
    B2、将与所述目标车辆的距离小于预设距离值的移动终端确定为推送对象；以及
    B3、向所述推送对象推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述通信基础设施为基于V2X技术的路侧单元或无线接入网的接入节点，所述无线接入网包括下列中的一种：3G/4G/5G移动通信系统的无线接入网、NB-IOT网络、eMTC网络、LoRaWAN网络和LoRa网络。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，在步骤B3中，所述计算机系统通过移动通信营运商的5G消息平台或短消息平台推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述推送对象被划分为多个分组，在步骤B3中，在不同的时刻向各个推送对象的分组推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，步骤C包括：
    C1、获取发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端的运动轨迹，所述运动轨迹基于由该移动终端提供的实时卫星定位数据或利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力所确定的该移动终端的位置数据而确定；
    C2、利用设置于停车区域附近的监控单元获取所述目标车辆的位置数据以确定所述目标车辆的运动轨迹；以及
    C3、基于发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端的运动轨迹与所述目标车辆的运动轨迹之间的匹配程度来确定是否在发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端与所述目标车辆之间建立绑定关系。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，步骤C包括：
    C4、获取发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端的位置，所述位置基于由该移动终端提供的实时卫星定位数据或利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力确定的该移动终端的位置数据而确定；
    C5、利用设置于停车区域附近的监控单元获取所述目标车辆的位置；以及
    C6、基于发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端、目标车辆和所预订的停车位三者的相对位置关系确定是否在发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端与所述目标车辆之间建立绑定关系。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的方法，其中，步骤C进一步包括：
    基于目标车辆附近的建筑物、车道和其它车辆的点云数据构建三维地图；以及
    向发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端发送所构建的三维导航地图。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述方法进一步包括由计算机系统执行的下列步骤：
    E、根据停车位占用时长和费率生成停车费用；以及
    F、向发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端发送生成的停车费用以指示该移动终端启动支付流程。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述方法进一步包括由计算机系统执行的下列步骤：
    G、响应于所述目标车辆以外的非目标车辆驶离所预订的停车位的事件，确定与该非目标车辆相关联的移动终端；
    H、根据停车位占用时长和费率生成停车费用；以及
    F、向所述非目标车辆发送生成的停车费用以指示该移动终端启动支付流程。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，在步骤G中，基于所预订的停车位附近的移动终端与步骤B中所述目标车辆附近的移动终端的交集来确定与所述非目标车辆相关联的移动终端。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，在步骤G中，将运动轨迹与驶离所述预定停车位后的非目标车辆的运动轨迹匹配程度最佳的移动终端确定为与所述非目标车辆相关联的移动终端。
  17. 一种用于管理停车位的计算机系统，包含：
    存储器；
    处理器；以及
    存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，该计算机程序的运行使得下列步骤被执行：
    A、基于状态数据确定可能使用停车服务的目标车辆，所述状态数据用于描述停车区域附近道路的交通状态和道路上行驶的车辆的行驶状态；
    B、向所述目标车辆附近的移动终端推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息；
    C、响应于来自移动终端的停车位预订请求，确定是否在发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端与所述目标车辆之间建立绑定关系；以及
    D、响应于与发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端绑定的所述目标车辆驶入或驶离所预订的停车位的事件，更新停车位状态。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的计算机系统，其中，所述状态数据包括下列中的一项或多项：车辆所行驶的车道、车辆的速度、车辆的加速度、车辆间距、车辆相对于路口的距离和车流密度。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的计算机系统，还包括：设置于停车区域附近的监控单元，其与所述处理器耦合并配置为获取所述状态数据中的一项或多项。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的计算机系统，其中，所述监控单元为激光雷达。
  21. 如权利要求18所述的计算机系统，其中，所述状态数据还用于描述停车位状态的历史。
  22. 如权利要求18或21所述的计算机系统，其中，步骤A包括：
    A1、将所述状态数据中的各项进行计分；以及
    A2、将各项的计分之和与预设的阈值进行比较以确定车辆是否为目标车辆。
  23. 如权利要求18或21所述的计算机系统，其中，在步骤A中，利用相似性推荐算法，由所述状态数据确定车辆是否为目标车辆。
  24. 如权利要求17所述的计算机系统，其中，步骤B包括：
    B1、利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力来获取所述目标车辆所在位置附近的移动终端的位置；
    B2、将与所述目标车辆的距离小于预设距离值的移动终端确定为推送对象；以及
    B3、向所述推送对象推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的计算机系统，其中，所述通信基础设施 为基于V2X技术的路侧单元或无线接入网的接入节点，所述无线接入网包括下列中的一种：3G/4G/5G移动通信系统的无线接入网、NB-IOT网络、eMTC网络、LoRaWAN网络和LoRa网络。
  26. 如权利要求24所述的计算机系统，其中，在步骤B3中，所述计算机系统通过移动通信营运商的5G消息平台或短消息平台推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
  27. 如权利要求24所述的计算机系统，其中，所述推送对象被划分为多个分组，在步骤B3中，在不同的时刻向各个推送对象的分组推送可使用停车位或分配的停车位的信息。
  28. 如权利要求17所述的计算机系统，其中，步骤C包括：
    C1、获取发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端的运动轨迹，所述运动轨迹基于由该移动终端提供的实时卫星定位数据或利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力所确定的该移动终端的位置数据而确定；
    C2、利用所述监控单元获取的所述目标车辆的位置数据以确定所述目标车辆的运动轨迹；以及
    C3、基于发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端的运动轨迹与所述目标车辆的运动轨迹之间的匹配程度来确定是否在发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端与所述目标车辆之间建立绑定关系。
  29. 如权利要求17所述的计算机系统，其中，步骤C包括：
    C4、获取发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端的位置，所述位置基于由该移动终端提供的实时卫星定位数据或利用通信基础设施的无线定位能力确定的该移动终端的位置数据而确定；
    C5、利用所述监控单元获取所述目标车辆的位置；以及
    C6、基于发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端、目标车辆和所预订的停车位三者的相对位置关系确定是否在发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端与所述目标车辆之间建立绑定关系。
  30. 如权利要求28或29所述的计算机系统，其中，步骤C进一步包括：
    基于目标车辆附近的建筑物、车道和其它车辆的点云数据构建三维地图；以及
    向发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端发送所构建的三维导航地图。
  31. 如权利要求17所述的计算机系统，其中，所述计算机程序的运行还使得下列步骤被执行：
    E、根据停车位占用时长和费率生成停车费用；以及
    F、向发送所述停车位预订请求的移动终端发送生成的停车费用以指示该移动终端启动支付流程。
  32. 如权利要求17所述的计算机系统，其中，所述计算机程序的运行还使得下列步骤被执行：
    G、响应于所述目标车辆以外的非目标车辆驶离所预订的停车位的事件，确定与该非目标车辆相关联的移动终端；
    H、根据停车位占用时长和费率生成停车费用；以及
    F、向所述非目标车辆发送生成的停车费用以指示该移动终端启动支付流程。
  33. 如权利要求32所述的计算机系统，其中，在步骤G中，基于所预订的停车位附近的移动终端与步骤B中所述目标车辆附近的移动终端来确定与所述非目标车辆相关联的移动终端。
  34. 如权利要求32所述的计算机系统，其中，在步骤G中，将运动轨迹与驶离所述预定停车位后的非目标车辆的运动轨迹匹配程度最佳的移动终端确定为与所述非目标车辆相关联的移动终端。
  35. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储计算机程序，其特征在于，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-16中任意一项所述的方法。
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