WO2022162727A1 - 複合セラミックス材料及び複合セラミックス材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
複合セラミックス材料及び複合セラミックス材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022162727A1 WO2022162727A1 PCT/JP2021/002601 JP2021002601W WO2022162727A1 WO 2022162727 A1 WO2022162727 A1 WO 2022162727A1 JP 2021002601 W JP2021002601 W JP 2021002601W WO 2022162727 A1 WO2022162727 A1 WO 2022162727A1
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
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- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
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- ZEASXVYVFFXULL-UHFFFAOYSA-N amezinium metilsulfate Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.COC1=CC(N)=CN=[N+]1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZEASXVYVFFXULL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to composite ceramic materials and methods of manufacturing composite ceramic materials, and more particularly to matrices of composite ceramic materials.
- Air conditioners and chillers are required to have highly efficient compressors to save energy, and to achieve this, it is necessary to reduce the weight and increase the rigidity of driving parts. Also, in order to increase the efficiency of the gas turbine engine or turbine generator, it is required to raise the operating temperature or reduce the weight of the turbine.
- CMC Ceramic Matrix Composites
- CMC uses SiC (Silicon Carbide) as a matrix, uses SiC fibers as reinforcing fibers, and has developed SiC/SiC in which SiC and SiC fibers are combined (see, for example, Patent Document 1). It is being put to practical use.
- SiC Silicon Carbide
- the one with the highest performance has a tensile modulus (Young's modulus) of 380 GPa and a density of 2.85 (g/cm 3 ) to 3.1 (g/cm 3 ). be.
- the specific elastic modulus (Young's modulus/density), which indicates the elastic modulus per unit density, is about 122.6 (GPa/(g/cm 3 )) to 133.3 (GPa/(g/cm 3 )). is.
- Materials used in the above-mentioned compressors, gas turbine engines, turbine generators, etc. are required to be further improved to increase the specific elastic modulus.
- the present disclosure is intended to solve the above-described problems, and aims to provide a composite ceramic material that improves the specific elastic modulus and a method for manufacturing the composite ceramic material.
- a composite ceramic material according to the present disclosure contains boron carbide, silicon carbide, and metallic silicon or a silicon alloy as a matrix, and contains boron carbide as the main component of the matrix.
- a method for producing a composite ceramic material according to the present disclosure includes a mixing step of mixing boron carbide powder, a carbon precursor, and a matrix filler to produce a mixed raw material, filling a mold with the mixed raw material, and producing a mixed raw material.
- a composite ceramic material includes boron carbide, silicon carbide, and metallic silicon or a silicon alloy as a matrix, with boron carbide as the main component of the matrix. Therefore, the composite ceramic material can have a low density and an elastic Since the modulus can be increased, the specific elastic modulus can be increased.
- a method for producing a composite ceramic material produces composite ceramics containing boron carbide (B 4 C) as a main component of the matrix through a production process from a raw material mixing step to an infiltration step and a reaction sintering step. materials can be manufactured. Therefore, the method for producing a composite ceramic material can produce a composite ceramic material having a higher specific elastic modulus than conventional composite ceramic materials.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of matrix 11 of composite ceramic material 10 according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of composite ceramic material 10 according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 The configuration of the composite ceramic material 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 1 The configuration of the composite ceramic material 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the composition of the matrix 11 which is the base material, is boron carbide 2 (B 4 C), silicon carbide 3 (SiC), and silicon 4 (Si). It is composed of metallic silicon or a silicon alloy.
- the main component of matrix 11 is boron carbide 2 .
- Examples of commercial products of boron carbide 2 include boron carbide powder F500 manufactured by 3M.
- the volume ratio of boron carbide 2 (B 4 C), which is the main component, is 50% or more.
- Si which is metallic silicon or a silicon alloy. If the matrix 11 contains a large amount of silicon 4 (Si) or silicon carbide 3 (SiC), the apparent specific elastic modulus is lowered. Therefore, the volume ratio of boron carbide 2 (B 4 C), which alone has the highest specific elastic modulus, in the matrix 11 is set to 50% or more, and boron carbide 2 (B 4 C) is the main component of the matrix 11 .
- Silicon 4 (Si) is metal silicon.
- silicon 4 (Si) is a silicon alloy.
- the reason why silicon 4 (Si) is included is that it is difficult to make the content of silicon 4 (Si) zero and fill it with other components in the manufacturing process.
- the silicon 4 (Si) is replaced with voids, the voids correspond to defects in the material and deteriorate the properties of the material. Filling with (Si) improves the characteristics of the material and improves the specific elastic modulus.
- the composite ceramic material 10 of the present disclosure may have a matrix 11 and reinforcing fibers 1, as shown in FIG.
- the reinforcing fibers 1 are continuous fibers or staple fibers, or both continuous fibers and staple fibers.
- the reinforcing fiber 1 is one of carbon fiber, boron fiber, and inorganic fiber, or a combination of two or more of carbon fiber, boron fiber, and inorganic fiber.
- Commercially available reinforcing fibers 1 include, for example, Dialead (registered trademark) K63712 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation.
- the specific modulus of the composite ceramic material 10 is improved more than the matrix 11 alone. be able to.
- the reinforcing fibers 1 and boron carbide 2 are fixed by silicon carbide 3, which is a matrix filler.
- Silicon carbide 3 is produced by infiltrating a sintered body with silicon or a silicon alloy and reacting with carbon or graphite existing inside the sintered body before infiltration.
- Silicon carbide 3, which is a matrix filler is not limited to one produced by a reaction, and silicon carbide powder added in advance may also be used. Examples of commercial products of silicon carbide 3, which is a matrix filler, include GMF1000H2 manufactured by Taiheiyo Random Co., Ltd., and the like.
- the matrix filler may contain not only silicon carbide powder but also graphite, for example.
- the carbon contained in the fired body is carbonized carbon precursor used in the mixed raw material.
- This mixed raw material is used for forming a compact before firing.
- the carbon precursor is preferably a thermoplastic resin, such as a powdered phenolic resin.
- a liquid resin may be used to coat the surface of the boron carbide powder with the resin.
- commercially available powdered phenolic resins which are carbon precursors, include PG-9400 manufactured by Gun Ei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and the like. Note that the carbon precursor is not limited to a thermoplastic resin.
- the carbon precursor may be resin, graphite powder or carbon fiber, or both. That is, the carbon precursor may be resin and graphite powder, resin and carbon fiber, or resin, graphite powder and carbon fiber. Resin is essential as a binder for molding powder raw materials. Graphite or carbon is also required for the silicon carbide (SiC) reaction. The resin alone cannot secure the amount of carbon necessary for the silicon carbide (SiC) conversion reaction. Therefore, the carbon precursor is co-molded with graphite powder or carbon fibers at the same time as resin, or co-molded with graphite powder and carbon fibers at the same time as resin.
- graphite powder or milled fiber which is pulverized carbon fiber
- examples of commercially available milled fibers made of graphite include K6371M manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation.
- these raw materials to be mixed are used in combination with different average particle sizes in order to increase the uniformity of the molded body and the filling rate of boron carbide.
- the packing density of the raw material can be easily increased at a low pressure, and the raw material can be uniformly dispersed.
- these raw materials to be mixed are used after adjusting the mixing ratio or particle size distribution balance according to the reinforcing fiber 1 to be combined or the physical properties after sintering.
- the average particle size distribution of the powder raw material used is larger than the average particle size distribution of the silicon carbide powder, which is the matrix filler.
- each raw material used in the examples is the commercially available product described above.
- Boron carbide (B 4 C) is defined as the main component of the matrix 11, and the volume ratio of the main component boron carbide 2 (B 4 C) in the matrix 11 is assumed to be 50% or more. In terms of the manufacturing process, the weight ratio is used because it is easier and more accurate to manage the weight ratio than the volume ratio when mixing raw materials.
- the resin is thermally decomposed in the subsequent heat treatment, and further converted to silicon carbide (SiC) in the subsequent SiC infiltration and SiC reaction sintering. The weight of the original resin increases by 183%, but becomes silicon carbide (SiC) and the volume decreases by about 68%.
- the weight ratio of boron carbide (B 4 C) 50% or more, the weight ratio of boron carbide (B 4 C), resin, and silicon carbide (SiC), the weight of boron carbide (B 4 C) If the ratio is 45% or more, the volume ratio of boron carbide (B 4 C) in the matrix 11 after SiC reaction sintering is 50% or more regardless of the ratio of silicon carbide (SiC) and resin.
- the compact was taken out from the mold, and then heated to 800°C in an inert atmosphere to thermally decompose and carbonize the carbon precursor to obtain a fired compact.
- the sintered body and the metal silicon are put together in a graphite crucible and heated to 1600°C in a vacuum furnace to melt the metal silicon and infiltrate the sintered body with the metal silicon. Then, carbon or graphite obtained by carbonizing the carbon precursor was reacted with silicon to form silicon carbide (SiC), followed by sintering.
- SiC silicon carbide
- the matrix 11 of the composite ceramic material 10 obtained in this manner was free of cracks, and a dense sintered body was obtained.
- the obtained sintered body had a density of 2.60 (g/cm 3 ), a Young's modulus of 410 GPa, a specific elastic modulus of 157.7 (GPa/(g/cm 3 )), and silicon carbide (SiC ) achieved a value exceeding 140.6 (GPa/(g/cm 3 )). Further, by combining a matrix 11 containing boron carbide, silicon carbide, and silicon with a reinforcing fiber 1 having a higher elastic modulus than the matrix 11, a composite ceramic material 10 having a higher specific elastic modulus can be obtained. It was confirmed.
- the composite ceramic material 10 contains boron carbide (B 4 C) as the main component of the matrix 11 and contains silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon (Si), thereby forming a CMC (SiC/SiC) consisting of SiC fibers and a SiC matrix. It has a lower density and a higher modulus than Thus, by forming the composite ceramic material 10 from these materials, a composite ceramic material having a low density, a high elastic modulus, and a high specific elastic modulus can be realized. That is, the composite ceramic material 10 has boron carbide (B 4 C) as the main component of the matrix 11, and has high rigidity by configuring the ceramic matrix with a matrix material containing silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon (Si). It is a material with low density and excellent specific elastic modulus.
- the matrix material is mainly composed of silicon carbide (SiC), and SiC fibers are used as reinforcing fibers.
- SiC silicon carbide
- SiC silicon carbide
- the specific elastic modulus is about 25 (GPa/(g/cm 3 )).
- the limit is about 1200°C
- the current CMC composed of SiC/SiC has a development target value of 1400°C as a heat resistant temperature due to the high-temperature strength retention rate of reinforcing fibers, and the practical temperature is 1400°C. °C.
- the heat resistance of the current CMC composed of SiC/SiC is limited to use up to about 1400° C. due to the effect of the decrease in fiber strength due to high temperatures.
- CMCs can also be used for high-speed turbochargers, or the shafts of compressors used in air-conditioning or cooling equipment.
- Compressor shafts, etc. need to be rotated at a higher speed in order to increase their output. There is a limit to increasing the speed, and it cannot be realized.
- To increase the rigidity of the shaft it is necessary to increase the diameter of the shaft.
- rotation loss increases due to an increase in driving load, and the overall size and weight of the shaft increases, which is not preferable. For this reason, shaft materials for compressor shafts and the like are required to have high elasticity and light weight.
- Ceramic materials are candidates as a material that has higher heat resistance and is lighter than heat-resistant alloys or steel materials. However, ceramic materials are very fragile and easily damaged compared to metal materials, and are therefore difficult to apply to general structural parts, requiring improvement in fragility. Therefore, it is considered essential for conventional ceramic materials to be composited with a matrix and reinforcing fibers. Since SiC fibers are commercially available as continuous fibers (reinforcing fibers), the development of SiC/SiC as CMC has been progressing.
- the composite ceramic material 10 of the present disclosure contains boron carbide (B 4 C), which has a high specific elastic modulus even when used alone, as a main component. Therefore, the composite ceramic material 10 can have a low density and a high elastic modulus by combining the material compositions of boron carbide (B 4 C), silicon carbide (SiC), and silicon (Si). Specific elastic modulus can be increased.
- the composite ceramic material 10 of the present disclosure can achieve a heat resistant temperature of 1500° C. or higher, a high elastic modulus of 500 GPa or higher, and a low density of less than 2.8 (g/cm 3 ). A modulus of 200 (GPa/(g/cm 3 )) or more can be realized.
- the composite ceramic material 10 of the present disclosure is a material with a low density and a high elastic modulus surpassing silicon carbide (SiC) because the main component of the matrix 11 is boron carbide (B 4 C), that is, a high specific elastic modulus material.
- the composite ceramic material 10 is a sintered body sintered by reaction production of silicon carbide (SiC). Since the composite ceramic material 10 contains boron carbide (B 4 C) as a main component of the matrix 11, the material composition of boron carbide (B 4 C), silicon carbide (SiC), and silicon (Si) is The combination can lower the density and increase the elastic modulus, thereby increasing the specific elastic modulus.
- SiC silicon carbide
- Ordinary ceramic materials are made by firing and sintering raw material base materials.
- Ordinary sintered bodies of boron carbide or silicon carbide are also sintered by sintering raw material powder. In that case, it is necessary to increase the temperature and pressure required for sintering, and the capacity of equipment to cope with this becomes severe. Furthermore, since shrinkage is unavoidable during sintering, manufacturability deteriorates and yield deteriorates due to deformation, cracking, and the like. If there is no shrinkage during sintering, the sintered body will have many voids and the properties of the material will deteriorate.
- the reaction sintering method of the present disclosure does not require pressurization during sintering and can lower the temperature.
- pressurization is not required at high temperatures, there is a great advantage in generalizing manufacturing equipment.
- supplying a raw material such as silicon (Si) for the reaction from the outside shrinkage and void generation during sintering can be eliminated, and manufacturability and yield are greatly improved.
- the process of the present disclosure reacts the carbon precursor resin or milled fiber carbon with infiltrating silicon (Si) to form silicon carbide (SiC), which expands in volume and fills voids. Filling eliminates the need for pressurization. In addition, since the reaction does not proceed uniformly and simultaneously in the whole, when filling silicon carbide (SiC) until the voids are completely zero, there are cases where the portion expands excessively. In this case, since cracks occur, the process of the present disclosure intentionally leaves a small void and fills the void with silicon (Si). In the reaction of silicon carbide (SiC), silicon (Si) is liquid in a molten state, but silicon carbide (SiC) produced by the reaction is solid, so cracks do not occur if there are voids.
- the composite ceramic material 10 contains continuous fibers or short fibers as the reinforcing fibers 1 .
- the composite ceramic material 10 is composed of a matrix 11 made of a combination of boron carbide (B 4 C), silicon carbide (SiC), and silicon (Si), and reinforcing fibers 1 . Since the composite ceramic material 10 has the reinforcing fibers 1, it can have a lower density, a higher elastic modulus, and a higher specific elastic modulus than the composite ceramic material 10 composed of the matrix 11 alone.
- the composite ceramic material 10 is composed of a matrix 11 formed by a combination of boron carbide (B 4 C), silicon carbide (SiC), and silicon (Si), and the reinforcing fibers 1, the matrix 11 Stronger than a single unit.
- the reinforcing fibers 1 are any one of carbon fiber, boron fiber, and inorganic fiber, or a combination of two or more of carbon fiber, boron fiber, and inorganic fiber.
- Composite ceramics material 10 can further improve the brittleness generally possessed by composite ceramics materials by being composited with reinforcing fibers 1, and furthermore, realize low density and high elasticity of composite ceramics materials.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the flow of the manufacturing method of the composite ceramic material 10 according to the second embodiment.
- the same components as those of the composite ceramic material 10 according to Embodiment 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- a method for manufacturing the composite ceramic material 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the manufacturing method of the composite ceramic material 10 of the present disclosure has six steps. These six processes include a raw material mixing process (step S1), a forming process (step S2), a heat treatment process (step S3), a shape processing process (step S4), a Si infiltration process, and a SiC reaction sintering process (step S5). , the finishing process (step S6).
- step S1 which is the first step, the raw material boron carbide powder, the carbon precursor resin, and the matrix filler silicon carbide powder and graphite are uniformly mixed at a predetermined mixing ratio. This is the process of generating raw materials. It is desirable that the average particle size distribution of the powder raw material in the mixed raw material is a distribution that differs by two or more levels.
- the average particle size distribution of boron carbide (B 4 C) and silicon carbide (SiC), which are powder raw materials to be used, is determined as shown in Table 1 as an example.
- Table 1 The average particle size distribution of boron carbide (B 4 C) and silicon carbide (SiC), which are powder raw materials to be used, is determined as shown in Table 1 as an example.
- the raw material powder to be used is only boron carbide (B 4 C) (when silicon carbide (SiC) powder is not used)
- two types of boron carbide (B 4 C) powder having different average particle sizes are used. Use above.
- powders of boron carbide (B 4 C) and silicon carbide (SiC) different mean particle size distributions of boron carbide (B 4 C) and silicon carbide (SiC) are used.
- the average grain size of boron carbide ( B4C) is larger than that of silicon carbide (SiC). There must be at least two levels, and each level can be two
- the molding step (step S2) which is the second step, is a step in which the mixed raw material produced in the raw material mixing step (step S1) is filled into a mold, and the mixed raw material is heated and pressed to form a compact.
- the molding step (step S2) may include a step of filling the reinforcing fibers 1.
- step S3 which is the third step
- the molded body is heated in an inert atmosphere or in a vacuum to be heat-treated.
- This is a step of carbonizing the carbon precursor of the molded body to obtain a fired body.
- the shape processing step (step S4) which is the fourth step, is a step of processing the sintered body prepared in the heat treatment step (step S3) into a component shape as a substrate.
- the shape processing step (step S4) the carbonized sintered body is machined as necessary, and processed into a component shape to form a substrate.
- the shape processing step (step S4) is not an essential step, and the shape processing step (step S4) may or may not be performed.
- the substrate is infiltrated with metal silicon or silicon alloy and reacted with carbon and graphite in the substrate to form silicon carbide.
- the step of sintering the substrate In the Si infiltration step, the substrate shaped in the shaping step (step S4) is heated together with metallic silicon or a silicon alloy in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere. Then, in the Si infiltration step, the substrate is heated in an inert atmosphere or in a vacuum to melt and impregnate the substrate with metallic silicon or silicon alloy.
- the metal silicon or silicon alloy impregnated into the substrate reacts with the carbon of the substrate to generate silicon carbide, and the substrate is sintered.
- the Si infiltration step and the SiC reaction sintering step (step S5) are performed by infiltrating the fired body with metallic silicon or a silicon alloy to remove carbon and graphite in the fired body. It is a step of reacting with to form silicon carbide and sintering the fired body.
- the sintered body obtained in the heat treatment step (step S3) is heated together with metallic silicon or a silicon alloy in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere.
- the sintered body is heated in an inert atmosphere or in a vacuum to melt and impregnate the sintered body with metallic silicon or a silicon alloy.
- step S4 When the shape processing step (step S4) is not performed, in the SiC reaction sintering step, the metal silicon or silicon alloy impregnated in the fired body is reacted with the carbon of the fired body to generate silicon carbide, and the fired body is formed. Sinter.
- step S5 in the Si infiltration step and the SiC reaction sintering step (step S5), in a high-temperature vacuum or inert atmosphere, metal silicon or a silicon alloy is applied to the fired body or processed substrate at a high temperature of the melting point or higher. Infiltrate. Then, the metallic silicon or silicon alloy is reacted with the carbon and graphite powder contained in the fired body or substrate to form silicon carbide.
- the metal silicon or silicon alloy and the carbon and graphite powder contained in the fired body or substrate are reacted to form silicon carbide, and at the same time, boron carbide.
- Sintering is performed by fixing the reinforcing fibers 1 together.
- the carbon or graphite inside the sintered body or substrate reacts with the infiltrated silicon, resulting in volume expansion as the carbon and graphite transform into silicon carbide. Therefore, shrinkage of the sintered body or substrate during sintering can be prevented.
- the finishing step (step S6) which is the final sixth step, is a step of finishing the sintered substrate or fired body into an article shape after the Si infiltration step and the SiC reaction sintering step (step S5). is.
- An article made of the composite ceramic material 10 is obtained by processing the sintered body to finish it into a final shape. Since the sintered body before the final finishing process has a shape close to the shape of the final product, finishing can be performed with a small amount of processing, and productivity is greatly improved.
- Whether or not to combine the reinforcing fibers 1 with the matrix 11 as the composite ceramic material 10 may be selected according to the shape of the article and the characteristics of the final material. For example, if the fracture toughness properties of the composite ceramic material 10 are not critical, and the final article of the composite ceramic material 10 has a very complex shape and many thin sections, the composite ceramic material 10 may be strengthened as shown in FIG. The fibers 1 do not have to be composited with the matrix 11 .
- the reinforcing fibers 1 When it is necessary to combine the reinforcing fibers 1 with the matrix 11, it is necessary to improve the brittleness that is a feature of the fracture toughness of the ceramic material, or when the shape of the article is complicated and homogeneity of the material properties is necessary. and the like. In these cases, for example, it is preferable to use short fibers such as cut fibers as the reinforcing fibers 1 .
- the reinforcing fibers 1 are mixed with the mixed raw material to form a composite.
- the step of combining the reinforcing fibers 1 with the matrix 11 or its raw material is not limited to this step.
- the reinforcing fibers 1 are added in the molding step (step S2) as shown in FIG.
- step S2 before filling the mixed raw material into the mold, the reinforcing fibers 1 are formed on the surface of the mold in advance, and then the mixed raw material is filled into the mold and molded, so that the surface of the molded body
- the reinforcing fibers 1 can be arranged intensively in a portion and unevenly distributed on the surface portion of the molded body.
- the reinforcing fiber 1 is applied to the surface of the molded body after the molded body is shaped. It may be shaped. Moreover, both the method of pre-shaping the reinforcing fibers 1 on the surface of the mold and the method of shaping the reinforcing fibers 1 on the surface of the molding may be combined. In addition, when it is necessary to reinforce only the vicinity of the surface of the composite ceramic material 10 with the reinforcing fiber 1, the reinforcing fiber 1 is formed on the surface of the molded body formed from the mixed raw material using a binder serving as a carbon precursor. good too. Alternatively, a prepreg obtained by combining reinforcing fibers 1 and a binder in advance may be used for shaping.
- reinforcing fibers 1 are arranged in the central portion of the mold in the molding step (step S2). Can be compounded.
- the outer shape may be further processed after molding, and the reinforcing fibers 1 may be added to the surface of the molded product after the outer shape is processed.
- the form of compounding of the reinforcing fibers 1 may be optimized according to the shape of the article in which the composite ceramic material 10 is used.
- the compositing of the reinforcing fibers 1 is performed in any step after the raw material mixing step (step S1) to the shape processing step (step S4) as long as it is before the Si infiltration step and the SiC reaction sintering step (step S5). It may be performed in a plurality of steps.
- the reinforcing fibers 1 may be combined in the shaping step (step S4) as shown in FIG.
- the surface of the sintered body is composited with the reinforcing fiber 1 after the Si infiltration step and the SiC reaction sintering step (step S5).
- the reinforcing fibers 1 may be unevenly distributed on the surface of the matrix 11, evenly dispersed inside the matrix 11, or dispersed in layers inside the matrix 11. Further, in the molding step (step S2), the reinforcing fibers 1 made into short fibers may be mixed with the raw material powder and then filled and molded. , the orientation of the fibers or the filling amount of the fibers may be adjusted.
- Example> The details of the method for producing the composite ceramic material 10 of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to examples, but the content of the present disclosure is not limited by these.
- boron carbide powder F500 manufactured by 3M Co., Ltd. was used as boron carbide
- PG-9400 manufactured by Gunei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was used as the carbon precursor.
- K6371M manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation was used as graphite
- GMF1000H2 manufactured by Taiheiyo Random Co., Ltd. was used as silicon carbide as a matrix filler.
- step S1 raw materials of boron carbide, carbon precursor, graphite, and silicon carbide were mixed at a weight ratio of 40:12:4:3 to obtain a mixed raw material.
- the milled fibers which are carbon fibers
- the milled fibers do not change in volume and weight in the subsequent heat treatment, and are converted to silicon carbide ( to SiC).
- the weight changes 3.3 times and the volume changes 2.3 times. Therefore, in order to make the volume ratio of boron carbide (B 4 C) 50% or more, the weight ratio of milled fiber is 10% or less and the weight ratio of boron carbide (B 4 C) is 65% or more.
- the weight ratio of resin to silicon carbide (SiC) becomes a larger ratio of resin than silicon carbide (SiC) (resin>silicon carbide (SiC)) during the remaining 25%.
- the weight ratio of the raw materials at which the volume ratio of boron carbide (B 4 C) in the matrix 11 after sintering is 50% or more is reduced by decreasing the ratio of the milled fibers. In some cases, the ratio is reversed.
- step S2 the mixed raw material is filled in a mold, and then the molding material filled in the mold is pressurized at a pressure of 5 MPa and heated to a temperature of 150 ° C. for 2 hours. It was cured to obtain a molded body.
- step S3 when the carbon precursor thermally decomposes, decomposition gas and contraction of the carbon precursor are generated. Therefore, in the molding step (step S2), it is not necessary to pressurize the molding material until the molded body becomes dense and void-free. be.
- step S3 in an inert atmosphere, the temperature is increased by 2° C. per minute to 800° C. to heat the molded body, and after maintaining this state for 2 hours, the body is slowly cooled and fired. got Although slight dimensional change was observed in the fired body, there was no problem such as occurrence of cracks.
- step S5 a high-temperature vacuum furnace is used, and the sintered body is placed in a BN (boron nitride)-coated graphite crucible together with metal silicon, and heated up to 1600°C in a vacuum state. The temperature was raised, the state was maintained for 1 hour, and then slowly cooled to obtain a sintered body.
- BN boron nitride
- the infiltration material used in Si infiltration and SiC reaction sintering treatment may be a Si alloy mainly containing silicon (Si) as a main component, in addition to metal silicon.
- the infiltration temperature must be higher than the melting point of the infiltration material, and in the case of metal silicon, the temperature must be higher than the melting point of 1420 ° C., but it reacts with carbon existing inside the fired body and carbonizes. A higher temperature is preferable for siliconization (SiC conversion).
- the treatment was performed under the condition of holding at 1600° C. for 1 hour, but it is preferable to change the treatment temperature and treatment time depending on the shape or size of the article. It is not limited to the condition of the processing time to hold.
- the temperature is too high, the fibers deteriorate more, so the melting temperature is preferably less than 1800°C.
- the reinforcing fibers 1 whose surfaces are previously coated with carbon, boron carbide, or the like may be used for compositing the reinforcing fibers 1 .
- the density was 2.68 (g/cm 3 ) and the Young's modulus was 430 GPa. , the specific elastic modulus was 160.4 (GPa/(g/cm 3 )).
- the sintered body for which the physical properties were confirmed is a sintered body that is not combined with the reinforcing fibers 1 .
- the composite ceramic material 10 with a low specific gravity and a high elastic modulus is processed in a short time at a processing temperature of about 1600 ° C. Moreover, it becomes possible to manufacture under non-pressurized conditions. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture in a short period of time products with complex shapes or uneven thickness shapes, which were difficult to manufacture with conventional sintering processes.
- the time required for the process (step S6) can be greatly reduced.
- composite ceramics containing boron carbide (B 4 C) as the main component of the matrix 11 is produced by the manufacturing process from the raw material mixing step (step S1) to the Si infiltration step and the SiC reaction sintering step (step S5) of the present disclosure.
- Material 10 can be manufactured. Therefore, the method for manufacturing the composite ceramic material 10 can manufacture a composite ceramic material having a higher specific elastic modulus than conventional composite ceramic materials.
- the manufacturing method of the composite ceramic material 10 of the present disclosure includes the raw material mixing step (step S1), the Si infiltration step, and the SiC reaction sintering step (step S5).
- the composite ceramic material 10 with a low density and a high elastic modulus can be manufactured at a lower temperature than the conventional sintering process, and furthermore, it can be manufactured without pressure, so that can easily produce articles with complex shapes.
- the composite ceramic material 10 can further achieve a lower density and a higher elastic modulus by forming a composite of the matrix 11 and the reinforcing fibers 1 . Since the brittleness of the ceramic material is also improved by combining it with the reinforcing fiber 1, it becomes possible to realize an article made of the composite ceramic material 10 that can be applied to various structural members.
- Boron carbide (B 4 C) which is the main component of matrix 11, will now be described.
- Boron carbide (B 4 C) is a material that can be expected to have a higher specific elastic modulus than silicon carbide (SiC).
- B4C boron carbide
- boron carbide (B 4 C) has a large shrinkage during sintering, and an article using boron carbide (B 4 C) is likely to break or crack, and has a complicated shape or uneven thickness. Molding and sintering are difficult. Therefore, it is difficult to manufacture articles using boron carbide (B 4 C) in shapes other than simple shapes. need to be built in. However, boron carbide (B 4 C) is very hard and has poor workability, making it difficult to process members with complicated shapes.
- the method of the present disclosure sinters boron carbide (B 4 C) in an inert atmosphere or under no pressure in a vacuum for the production of a composite ceramic material 10 with a low density and high modulus, rather than a conventional sintering process. Sintering at low temperatures below 1800° C. has become feasible.
- the method of the present disclosure converts the composition of the matrix 11 from a single component to a plurality of components, makes boron carbide (B 4 C) the main component of the matrix 11, and uses the Si infiltration step and the SiC reaction sintering step ( A reaction production process of silicon carbide (SiC) in step S5) or the like is introduced. Therefore, the method of the present disclosure enables the production of sintered bodies without pressure.
- the filling of the gap between the raw materials and the sintering of the raw materials can be performed by the Si infiltration step and the SiC reaction sintering step (step S5), so that the sintered body during sintering shrinkage is eliminated, and a dense sintered body can be produced without pressure.
- the method of the present disclosure converts the composition of the matrix 11 from a single component to a plurality of components, makes boron carbide (B 4 C) the main component of the matrix 11, and uses the Si infiltration step and the SiC reaction sintering step ( A reaction production process of silicon carbide (SiC) in step S5) or the like is introduced. Therefore, the method of the present disclosure enables the production of dense sintered bodies with very little sintering deformation. Further, by reducing sintering deformation of the sintered body, it becomes possible to easily manufacture articles with uneven thickness, articles with complicated shapes, or articles with large shapes.
- the sintering process by the reaction generation of silicon carbide (SiC) in the Si infiltration step and the SiC reaction sintering step (step S5), etc. makes the sintering temperature lower than the melting point of silicon (Si). can be realized from a slightly higher temperature of 1420° C. or higher. Therefore, the method of the present disclosure enables composite formation of the reinforcing fiber 1 and boron carbide (B 4 C). Therefore, the method of the present disclosure makes it possible to manufacture a composite ceramic material 10 (CMC) with an excellent specific elastic modulus, and achieves improved heat resistance, improved elastic modulus, and lower density than conventional CMC. It becomes possible.
- CMC composite ceramic material 10
- the method of the present disclosure enables the production of a composite ceramic material 10 with a lower density and a higher modulus than conventional SiC/SiC.
- the method of the present disclosure uses boron carbide (B 4 C) powder, a matrix filler such as silicon carbide (SiC) powder and graphite powder, and a carbon precursor to form a mixed raw material in the molding step (step S2).
- a compact is formed, and heat treatment is performed on the compact in the heat treatment step (step S3).
- the reinforcing fibers 1 may be included in the molding step (step S2) and the heat treatment step (step S3).
- the method of the present disclosure includes a molding step followed by a heat treatment to carbonize the carbon precursor, thereby producing a porous sintered body that enables silicon (Si) infiltration, i.e., a porous sintered body. Since this sintered body is porous, it is soft and excellent in processability, and has sufficient strength for shape processing. Furthermore, since this sintered body undergoes little dimensional change during sintering, it is possible to easily form an article having a complicated shape.
- the composite ceramic material 10 contains metallic silicon or an alloy of metallic silicon.
- the composite ceramic material 10 can have a low density and a high elastic modulus by combining boron carbide (B 4 C), silicon carbide (SiC), and metallic silicon or an alloy of metallic silicon. Specific elastic modulus can be increased.
- step S2 by the manufacturing process of further filling the reinforcing fibers 1 in the molding process (step S2), a composite ceramic material with a low density and a high elastic modulus can be manufactured at a lower temperature than the conventional sintering process and without pressure. Therefore, an article having uneven thickness and a complicated shape can be easily realized.
- the molded body can be easily molded. Furthermore, by using a resin for the carbon precursor, in the heat treatment step (step S4), the carbon precursor thermally decomposes and causes volumetric shrinkage. Necessary voids can be secured in the fired body.
- step S5 By combining either one or both of graphite powder and carbon fiber with the resin as a carbon precursor, it is possible to improve the moldability of the molded body and to suppress the distortion that occurs during heat treatment. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the compact from cracking during firing and prevent the occurrence of cracks.
- step S5 the amount of voids required for the Si infiltration step and the SiC reaction sintering step (step S5) can be secured, and silicon carbide is formed. It is possible to adjust the space that expands due to the reaction of Therefore, the composite ceramic material 10 can reduce the dimensional change in the manufacturing process, so that a complicated shape or uneven thickness shape can be realized.
- part of the matrix filler of the composite ceramic material 10 is silicon carbide powder.
- the average particle size distribution of the powder raw material in the mixed raw material is a distribution that differs by two or more levels.
- the filling rate of the mixed raw material can be improved and the mixed raw material can be made uniform. Therefore, the composite ceramic material 10 can be homogenized compared to a composite ceramic material that does not have such a structure, and can improve the properties as a composite ceramic material.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of a molding process for combining the reinforcing fibers 1 with the core of the rod in the composite ceramic material 10 according to Embodiment 3.
- the same components as those of the composite ceramic material 10 according to Embodiments 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- An example of a method for compounding the reinforcing fibers 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 4, focusing on the forming step (step S2).
- boron carbide powder F500 manufactured by 3M Co., Ltd. was used as boron carbide
- PG-9400 manufactured by Gunei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was used as the carbon precursor.
- K6371M manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation was used as graphite
- GMF1000H2 manufactured by Taiheiyo Random Co., Ltd. was used as silicon carbide as a matrix filler.
- a molding jig 20 serving as a mold has a T-shaped mold 20a and a U-shaped mold 20b. In the molding step (step S2), the molding material placed inside the mold 20b is pressed by the mold 20a to form a rectangular bar-shaped molding.
- the raw material mixture 21, the prepreg sheet 22, and the raw material mixture 21 were set in this order from the bottom in the molding jig 20 prepared for molding.
- the prepreg sheet 22 was set in a rod-like state by aligning the fibers in the longitudinal direction of the molding jig 20 and rolling it in advance.
- a rod shape is, for example, a cylindrical shape.
- the rod-shaped prepreg sheet 22, which is the reinforcing fiber 1 set here, may be in a state in which preformed resin has been cured.
- the mixed raw material 21 is filled so as to cover the rod-shaped prepreg sheet 22 .
- the mixed raw material 21 , the prepreg sheet 22 , and the mixed raw material 21 were filled in the forming jig 20 at a weight ratio of 2:1:2.
- the molding material filled in the molding jig 20 is pressed at a pressure of 3 MPa and heated to a temperature of 150° C. to cure the molding material over 2 hours.
- a compact 23 was obtained. Since the molded body 23 has a square bar shape in which the reinforcing fibers 1 are concentrated near the center of the inside and the outer side of the reinforcing fibers 1 is covered with the mixed raw material 21 and hardened, the excess mixed raw material is removed in the post-processing (d). The hardened portion of 21 was scraped off and processed into a round bar shape. In the cross section of the molded body 23 processed into a round bar shape, the area ratio of the reinforcing fiber 1 in the central portion and the mixed raw material 21 portion on the outside was approximately 1:1.
- the prepreg sheet 22 is of the UD (Uni Direction) type in which fibers are arranged in only one direction, it is not limited to the UD type. A braided blade may also be used. Also, the sheet to be set on the forming jig 20 may be a bundle of fibers before prepreg instead of a prepreg in which fibers and resin are combined.
- reinforcing fibers 1 Although carbon fibers were used as the reinforcing fibers 1, SiC fibers, alumina fibers, boron fibers, basalt fibers, or the like may be used as the reinforcing fibers 1 other than carbon fibers. In order to increase the specific elastic modulus of the composite ceramic material 10, a combination of carbon fibers having a high elastic modulus and an ultra-high elastic modulus is most preferable. Further, although the reinforcing fibers 1 are arranged in the central portion of the molded body 23, the arrangement of the molded body 23 is not limited to the central portion.
- the reinforcing fibers 1 may be concentratedly dispersed on the surface of the molded body 23, may be dispersed uniformly throughout the molded body 23, or may be concentrated on the surface and central portion of the molded body 23.
- the filling ratio of the reinforcing fibers 1 and the mixed raw material 21 can be freely selected.
- step S3 the molded body 23 that has been processed is heat-treated in an inert atmosphere under the conditions that the temperature is maintained at 800° C. for 2 hours, and the carbon precursor and the prepreg in the mixed raw material 21 are heated.
- the resin of the sheet 22 was carbonized to obtain a fired body.
- the sintered body is heated together with the metal silicon to 1600° C. in vacuum, the state is maintained for 1 hour, and the silicon is infiltrated and sintered. The body was sintered to obtain a sintered body.
- the surface of the rod of the sintered body thus obtained was ground and finished into a round bar of the same diameter , and then evaluated for density and elastic modulus.
- the elastic modulus was 490 GPa, and the specific elastic modulus was 208.5 (GPa/(g/cm 3 )).
- the composite ceramic material 10 can achieve a lower density than ordinary ceramic materials and a high elastic modulus, which is difficult to achieve with a single ceramic material, by compounding the reinforcing fibers 1 as the core of the rod member. becomes.
- weight reduction due to low density can be achieved, and high-speed driving can be realized, or driving energy can be saved.
- by applying the composite ceramic material 10 to various articles it is possible to achieve high rigidity due to a high elastic modulus, and by realizing a reduction in strain under load, it is possible to achieve high precision or even higher speed driving. Become.
- Embodiments 1 to 3 above are examples of the content of the present disclosure, and can be combined with other known techniques without departing from the gist of the present disclosure. It is also possible to omit or change part of the configuration within the scope.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係る複合セラミックス材料10のマトリックス11の構成を示す断面図である。図2は、実施の形態1に係る複合セラミックス材料10の構成を示す断面図である。図1及び図2を用いて複合セラミックス材料10の構成について説明する。
以下、実施例により本開示のマトリックス11の詳細を説明するが、これらによって本開示の内容が限定されるものではない。なお実施例に用いた各原料は、上述した市販品である。まず、炭化ホウ素粉末と、炭素プリカーサの樹脂と、マトリックス充填剤である炭化ケイ素と、の各原料を重量比37:15:3で混合した後、混合物を金型に充填し、150℃まで加熱して硬化させて成形体を得た。
図3は、実施の形態2に係る複合セラミックス材料10の製造方法のフローを示す図である。なお、実施の形態1に係る複合セラミックス材料10と同一の構成要素については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。図3を用いて、複合セラミックス材料10の製造方法について説明する。
以下、実施例により本開示の複合セラミックス材料10の製造方法の詳細を説明するが、これらによって本開示の内容が限定されるものではない。実施例で用いた原料は、炭化ホウ素に3M社製のボロンカーバイド粉末F500を用い、炭素プリカーサに群栄化学工業社製のPG-9400を用いた。また、実施例で用いた原料は、黒鉛に三菱ケミカル株式会社製のK6371Mを用い、及び、マトリックス充填剤の炭化ケイ素に太平洋ランダム株式会社製のGMF1000H2を用いた。
図4は、実施の形態3に係る複合セラミックス材料10において強化繊維1をロッドの芯に複合化する成形プロセスのフローを示す図である。なお、実施の形態1及び実施の形態2に係る複合セラミックス材料10と同一の構成要素については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。図4を用いて、成形工程(ステップS2)を中心に、強化繊維1を複合化する方法の一例について説明する。
実施例で用いた原料は、炭化ホウ素に3M社製のボロンカーバイド粉末F500を用い、炭素プリカーサに群栄化学工業社製のPG-9400を用いた。また実施例で用いた原料は、黒鉛に三菱ケミカル株式会社製のK6371Mを用い、及び、マトリックス充填剤の炭化ケイ素に太平洋ランダム株式会社製のGMF1000H2を用いた。
Claims (10)
- マトリックスとして炭化ホウ素と、炭化ケイ素と、金属シリコン又はシリコン合金と、を含み、前記炭化ホウ素を前記マトリックスの主成分として含む、複合セラミックス材料。
- 前記炭化ケイ素の反応生成により焼結された焼結体である請求項1に記載の複合セラミックス材料。
- さらに連続繊維又は短繊維を強化繊維として含む請求項1又は2に記載の複合セラミックス材料。
- 炭化ホウ素粉末と、炭素プリカーサと、マトリックス充填剤とを混合し、混合原料を生成する混合工程と、
成形型に前記混合原料を充填し、前記混合原料を加熱及び加圧して成形体を成形する成形工程と、
前記成形体を不活性雰囲気中又は真空中で加熱処理し、前記炭素プリカーサを炭化させて焼成体を得る熱処理工程と、
前記焼成体を不活性雰囲気中又は真空中で加熱し、金属シリコン又はシリコン合金を溶融して前記焼成体に含侵させる溶浸工程と、
前記焼成体に含侵した前記金属シリコン又は前記シリコン合金を、前記焼成体の炭素と反応させて炭化ケイ素を生成させ、前記焼成体を焼結させる反応焼結工程と、
を有する複合セラミックス材料の製造方法。 - 前記熱処理工程と前記溶浸工程との間に、前記焼成体を部品形状に加工してサブストレートを形成する加工工程を有し、
前記加工工程を有する場合には、前記溶浸工程及び前記反応焼結工程における前記焼成体は、前記サブストレートである請求項4に記載の複合セラミックス材料の製造方法。 - 前記成形工程は、さらに強化繊維を充填する工程を有する請求項4又は5に記載の複合セラミックス材料の製造方法。
- 前記強化繊維が、炭素繊維、ボロン繊維、無機繊維のいずれか1つ、または、炭素繊維、ボロン繊維、無機繊維のいずれか2つ以上を組み合わせたものである請求項6に記載の複合セラミックス材料の製造方法。
- 前記炭素プリカーサが樹脂、及び、黒鉛粉末又は炭素繊維のいずれか一方又は両方である請求項4~7のいずれか1項に記載の複合セラミックス材料の製造方法。
- 前記マトリックス充填剤の一部が炭化ケイ素粉末である請求項4~8のいずれか1項に記載の複合セラミックス材料の製造方法。
- 前記混合原料における粉末原料の平均粒度分布が、2水準以上異なる分布である請求項4~9のいずれか1項に記載の複合セラミックス材料の製造方法。
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