WO2022161636A1 - Substrathalter und verfahren zur herstellung eines substrathalters zum bonden - Google Patents
Substrathalter und verfahren zur herstellung eines substrathalters zum bonden Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022161636A1 WO2022161636A1 PCT/EP2021/052267 EP2021052267W WO2022161636A1 WO 2022161636 A1 WO2022161636 A1 WO 2022161636A1 EP 2021052267 W EP2021052267 W EP 2021052267W WO 2022161636 A1 WO2022161636 A1 WO 2022161636A1
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- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- substrate holder
- bonding
- elevations
- elevation
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67092—Apparatus for mechanical treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/683—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping
- H01L21/687—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
- H01L21/68714—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches the wafers being placed on a susceptor, stage or support
- H01L21/6875—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches the wafers being placed on a susceptor, stage or support characterised by a plurality of individual support members, e.g. support posts or protrusions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/185—Joining of semiconductor bodies for junction formation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/20—Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth solid phase epitaxy
- H01L21/2003—Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth solid phase epitaxy characterised by the substrate
- H01L21/2007—Bonding of semiconductor wafers to insulating substrates or to semiconducting substrates using an intermediate insulating layer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a substrate holder, a bonding device, a method for producing a substrate holder and a method for bottoming substrates, in particular for fusion bonding or hybrid bonding.
- substrate holders have been constructed in recent years in which a fixed substrate does not rest over the entire surface, but only partially, in particular on elevations.
- these elevations are sometimes also referred to as nubs or pins.
- the word survey is used. These surveys have several different effects. On the one hand, they are intended to minimize rear-side contamination of the substrate. Substrates that do not come into full contact with a substrate holder, but only partially, only show dirt and contamination at the contact points. Another reason for using such substrate holders is the possibility of either evacuating the space between the elevations in order to provide a fixing element or flooding the space with a fluid, in particular a gas, in order to achieve a physical effect.
- Some substrate holders delimit different areas in which such elevations are located from one another, so that one can speak of segmented substrate holders.
- a segment is mainly produced by milling.
- the elevations are milled out of the material, for example.
- Several such segments can preferably be evacuated individually and/or flushed with a fluid.
- some segments can fix the substrate arranged or placed on the elevations by generating a vacuum.
- other segments can be flooded with a fluid, with an overpressure being generated in the respective segment and the substrate being able to be curved in a targeted manner.
- a convexly curved or outwardly curved substrate can advantageously be contacted with a further substrate in a targeted manner in the area of the curvature and thus bonded. Contacting can take place, for example, by dropping a substrate onto a further substrate.
- a so-called bond wave propagates from this initial point of contact between the two substrates, so that the two substrates are bonded along the bond wave.
- a problem in the prior art is that during bonding, in particular in fusion bonding, an upper substrate and a lower substrate are distorted, in particular locally, as the bonding wave progresses, and the bonding result is not exact.
- the error by which the upper substrate is shifted relative to the lower substrate can be described by a vector.
- the errors are location-dependent, i.e. the spatial distribution of the errors can be described by a vector field.
- There are several reasons for the local displacements of the two substrates during the bonding process One reason is the propagation of elastic and continuous waves associated with the bond wave. Another reason is that the upper substrate and the lower substrate are vibrated after bonding. In addition, these particularly elastic vibrations also influence the bonding result of the bonded substrate stack made up of the lower and the upper substrate.
- a top substrate would be aligned relative to a bottom substrate and then dropped, allowing the bonding wave to expand without an elastic wave of the top and/or bottom substrate.
- the lower substrate in particular both substrates, begin to oscillate when the upper substrate is dropped and/or when both substrates come into contact.
- the amplitude of the oscillation is in the submicron, particularly in the nanometer range, and is difficult to detect. However, errors or distortions that arise as a result of these vibrations can be detected.
- the object of the present invention to provide a substrate holder, a bonding device, a method for producing a substrate holder and a method for bonding which at least partially eliminate, in particular completely eliminate, the disadvantages listed in the prior art.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved substrate holder, an improved bonding device, a method for producing a substrate holder and a method for bonding.
- the object of the invention is to show a substrate holder, a bonding device, a method for producing a substrate holder and a method for bonding, with the help of which local distortions of the substrates, in particular as a result of vibrations of the substrate occurring during bonding, can be avoided or the substrate stack to be bonded, can be reduced, in particular prevented.
- the invention relates to a substrate holder for bonding substrates, in particular for fusion bonding or hybrid bonding, at least having a substrate holder surface, a central elevation arranged on the substrate holder surface, in particular centrally on the substrate holder surface, with a first receiving surface and at least one supporting elevation arranged on the substrate holder surface with a second receiving area, wherein a substrate can be arranged on the first receiving area of the central elevation and on the second receiving area of the at least one supporting elevation, and wherein the first receiving area is larger than the second receiving area.
- a central elevation with a larger first receiving area than the second receiving areas of the at least one supporting elevation leads to an improved bonding result.
- one of the reasons for a poor bonding result is a recording area that is too small.
- the bond begins at a contact point between the two substrates.
- at least one of the two substrates is deformed for contacting with the aid of a deforming agent.
- the deformation means must apply a force to the substrate, which also acts on the central elevation. If the central elevation is dimensioned too small, a relatively high pressure acts and deforms the central elevation elastically or, in the worst case, even plastically.
- the bonding wave cannot be optimally initiated and an error is already built in during the bonding initiation, which in the worst case spreads to the entire bonding result, ie over the entire surface.
- the ratio of the central survey to the other surveys is decisive for the bond result. If the receiving surface of the central elevation is dimensioned correspondingly large, the pressure acting on the central elevation is lower with the same force. As a result, the central elevation or the substrate is less elastically and/or plastically deformed.
- the local distortions in the bonded substrate stack can be reduced and at the same time the advantages of a substrate holder with elevations can be used in which the substrate only partially rests.
- a substrate arranged on the substrate holder according to the invention is preferably contacted with a further substrate in such a way that the central elevation is aligned with an initial contact point. Vibrations in the substrate or in the substrate stack that occur during bonding can be reduced particularly effectively by the central elevation or by the first receiving surface.
- the substrate which rests on the substrate holder according to the invention on the first receiving surface and the second receiving surface, can also themselves are formed by a substrate stack that is preferably already bonded.
- Support elevation preferably aligns horizontally with the first receiving surface, so that the substrate can be kept particularly flat.
- the central elevation and the at least one support elevation can generally be configured in any way.
- the contours of the first receiving surface and the second receiving surface can also be configured as desired.
- receiving surface means, in particular, an upper part of the respective elevation (central elevation and supporting elevation) that protrudes from the substrate holder surface and on which the substrate rests in the arranged state. During bonding, the substrate or the substrate stack being bonded is supported by the elevations.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the substrate holder has at least three, preferably at least four, most preferably at least eight or more supporting elevations. If the substrate is supported by a number of supporting elevations, the bonding result can advantageously be further improved.
- the support elevations each have a second receiving surface.
- the respective second receiving areas of the support elevations are each smaller than the first receiving area of the central elevation. If the support elevations are controllable or vertically and/or horizontally movable support elevations, the support behavior of the substrate holder can also be controlled in this way.
- a vertical movement of the support elevations, which can preferably be moved individually, can advantageously result in an alignment of the respective second receiving surface. In this way, the support bumps can support the substrate particularly flat.
- individual support elevations can be dismantled or so far in the direction of the substrate holder surface or below it be arranged so that the substrate is unsupported by individual bumps of support. If a support elevation can be moved vertically, the exact position of the support of the substrate can advantageously be determined. In this way, the bonding error can advantageously be further reduced, since the positions of the support can be matched individually to the bonding process by the respective support elevations.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the first recording area of the central elevation is at least 1.1 times, preferably at least 1.2 times, more preferably at least 1.5 times, most preferably at least 2 times, most preferably at least 3 times larger as the second receiving surface of the at least one support bump.
- the first receiving surface of the central elevation can thus advantageously support the substrate over a larger area.
- the first receiving surface of the central elevation is circular.
- the central elevation is preferably also round.
- the circular receiving surface of the central elevation advantageously allows a radially symmetrical support of the substrate in the area of the first receiving surface. In particular when round wafers are bonded, a circular first receiving surface can lead to an improved bonding result.
- At least two, preferably at least three, most preferably four or more support elevations are arranged in a radial position around a center point of the central elevation.
- Two or more supporting elevations can also be arranged in each case on a plurality of radial positions.
- the focal point is in particular the theoretical one Center of gravity of the first recording surface.
- the center point is formed by an arbitrarily positioned reference point. If the first receiving surface of the central elevation is circular and the central elevation is arranged centrally on the wafer, the center point in the vertical direction is preferably aligned with the center point of the substrate holder surface. In this case, particularly round substrates can advantageously be bonded from the inside out.
- a radial position is thus defined by a specific distance from the center point or the reference point. At least two support elevations are arranged at this radial position or at the specific distance. In this way, the substrate can be advantageously supported by the substrate holder at specific positions at a distance from the center during bonding. In particular when the substrate is excited above the center point or the reference point during bonding, a vibration of the substrate can be picked up radially symmetrically by the support elevations, in particular at the same point in time.
- the second receiving surfaces of the respective support elevations arranged in a radial position are of the same design.
- the substrate can be supported particularly uniformly by the respective support elevations at the respective radial position.
- an oscillation of the substrate with increasing distance from the center is not changed differently or is influenced as equally as possible by the identically designed support elevations on a radial position.
- the support elevations arranged on a radial position follow the same circle along a circle defined by the respective radial position distance from each other.
- the circular arc lines between the support elevations along the circle or on the radial position are therefore of equal length. In this way, the substrate on the substrate holder can be supported particularly evenly by the support elevations.
- the respective second receiving surfaces of the support elevations in a first radial position are larger than the respective second receiving surfaces of the support elevations in a second radial position, with the first radial position having a smaller distance from the center point of the central elevation.
- the first radial position is therefore closer to the center point or to the reference point.
- the size of the respective second recording areas decreases with a greater distance from the central elevation.
- the substrate can be supported particularly effectively.
- an overall contact area or an overall contact area can advantageously be kept particularly small.
- At least one radial position are aligned with an oscillation amplitude of the substrate, preferably an oscillation amplitude in the direction of the substrate holder surface of the substrate.
- the substrate is only supported by the substrate holder at well-defined points at which a maximum downward deflection of the specific substrate in the direction of the substrate holder surface occurs.
- the vibration behavior during bonding is determined beforehand, or the vibration behavior is determined on the basis of a bonding error of a previously performed bonding process. It is also conceivable that the vibration behavior of the substrate stack to be bonded is determined.
- the support elevations are arranged on the substrate holder so that the substrate can be supported particularly effectively. In addition, the bond result is further improved. If the support elevations or the at least one support elevation can be moved horizontally, the substrate holder can advantageously be adjusted to the specific substrate or to the bonding process of the substrate stack.
- the invention relates to a bonding device for bonding substrates, the bonding device having at least one substrate holder according to the invention.
- Both substrate holders can also be substrate holders according to the invention. It is particularly important that one of the substrates is held or supported by a substrate holder according to the invention during bonding. The bonding result can be improved in this way. Furthermore, the local distortions between two substrates to be bonded can be reduced.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a substrate holder for bonding substrates, having at least the following steps: i) providing a substrate holder, ii) producing a central elevation with a first receiving surface, iii) producing at least one supporting elevation with a second receiving surface, the first receiving surface is larger than the second receiving surface.
- the substrate holder produced can advantageously support a substrate on the larger first receiving surface of the central boss.
- the central survey in step ii) and the at least one support survey in step iii) can be generated in different ways. In this case, the elevations are raised relative to the substrate holder surface after they have been produced. The central survey and the at least one Support elevations thus protrude from the substrate holder surface, so that a substrate can be arranged on the first receiving surface and the second receiving surface.
- the method for producing a substrate holder additionally has the following steps: a) determining a vibration behavior of a substrate, b) determining positions of the vibration amplitudes in the direction of the substrate holder of the substrate during bonding, with the generation of the at least one support survey in step iii) takes place at one of the positions determined according to step b).
- Several support surveys can also be carried out on several positions determined in step b). The positions are in particular radial positions. Determining the vibration behavior of the substrate in step a) can also include the overall vibration behavior of the substrate stack to be bonded, consisting of the determined first substrate, which is to be arranged on the substrate holder to be produced, and a wide substrate.
- the vibration behavior is preferably determined by means of calculations based on the theory of elasticity for a specific substrate or the substrate stack to be bonded. Generating the support elevations at the positions at which the vibration amplitudes occur in the direction of the substrate holder thus enables improved support of the substrate or of the substrate stack by the substrate stack produced on the ground.
- the method for producing a substrate holder additionally has the following steps: iv) bonding the substrate to another substrate to form a substrate stack, v) determining a bonding error in the substrate stack, vi) determining positions of the vibration amplitudes of the substrate during bonding based on the bonding error, vii) positioning the at least one support elevation on one of the in step vi) determined position.
- the positioning in step vii) includes in particular a new arrangement of the support elevations and a new generation of the support elevations, possibly also on a newly provided substrate holder.
- the bonding error includes, in particular, local distortions between the substrate and the further substrate.
- This bonding error can be determined, for example, as a vector of dislocation or relocation. On this basis, in particular the actually occurring vibration behavior of the substrate or the substrate stack during bonding is determined.
- the vibration amplitudes determined in this way in the direction of the substrate holder serve as a basis for the positioning of the at least one support elevation or the support elevations.
- the positions are preferably determined as radial positions. Steps iv) to vii) can then optionally be repeated until a desired bonding result is achieved. In this way, the bonding result can be further improved and the substrate or the substrate stack can be optimally supported during bonding by the substrate holder produced in this way.
- the invention relates to a method for bonding substrates, in particular with a bonding device according to the invention, at least with the following steps: i) providing a substrate on a substrate holder according to the invention, ii) providing a further substrate on a further substrate holder, iii) bonding the substrate to the further substrate to form a substrate stack, the substrate and/or the substrate stack being supported by the first receiving surface of the central elevation during the bonding in step iii).
- the substrate is arranged on the substrate holder and thus on the first receiving surface of the central elevation and on the second receiving surface/the second receiving surfaces of the at least one supporting elevation/supporting elevations.
- the larger first receiving area of the central elevation supports the substrate during the bonding process and thus also the substrate stack that is being formed. In this way, an improved bonding result can be achieved in the bonding method.
- the at least one support elevation or the support elevations support the substrate/the substrate stack at a position at which a maximum deflection in the direction of the substrate holder occurs.
- a plurality of supporting elevations support the substrate or the substrate stack at each radial position at which an oscillation amplitude occurs. In this way, the bonding result can be further improved.
- One aspect of the invention consists in manufacturing the elevations, ie the central elevation and the supporting elevations, of the substrate holder in such a way that the positions of the elevations on the substrate holder are identical are respectively arranged in the same area as the positions at which the amplitudes of the vibrations of the substrates to be bonded or the resulting substrate stack occur.
- the positions of the elevations can first be calculated theoretically for a specific substrate or the vibration behavior of the substrate stack is simulated for different positions. Sub strate are then bonded with at least one correspondingly manufactured substrate holder and the bond result is then measured.
- the positions of the elevations can then be adjusted or optimized, if necessary, so that the elevations only support the resulting substrate stack during bonding in the range of the amplitudes or the maximum deflections. In this way, the bonding result can be improved and the local distortions in the substrate stack can at least be reduced.
- One advantage is that known concepts for substrate holders can be used and the shape and/or the position of the elevations in a substrate holder can be adapted with little effort. Although corresponding substrate holders have to be newly manufactured, better bonding results are achieved with these new substrate holders. In particular, the local distortions can be reduced.
- the idea is that at least one substrate holder is constructed in such a way that the substrate lying on it is only supported by the elevations at well-defined points.
- the positions of the elevations are selected in such a way that the substrate rests on the elevations precisely at the points or areas at which the amplitudes of an elastic deformation of a continuous elastic wave occur.
- a vibration is understood to mean an elastic, in particular time-dependent, distortion of a substrate.
- the vibration is in particular a solution of an elasticity-theoretical differential equation or a differential equation system for plates, in particular at least partially round plates, since the substrates can be regarded as plates.
- a wave is understood to mean an elastic, in particular time- and position-dependent, distortion of a substrate.
- the wave is in particular a solution of an elasticity-theoretical differential equation or a differential equation system for plates, in particular at least partially round plates.
- waves are also position-dependent. They are able to propagate spatially, especially as wave packets.
- the oscillations are damped, that is to say their amplitude decreases as a function of time.
- the amplitude also decreases as a function of location, particularly from the center of the preferably round substrate to the edge.
- the substrate holder has one zone. Since there are no different zones, they do not have to be separated from one another and the elevations are the only support points for the substrate. These can now be constructed particularly preferably at exactly the points at which the amplitudes of the vibrations, in particular in the direction of the substrate holder, of the sub strate arise during the bonding process.
- the substrate holder is a zone substrate holder.
- a zone substrate holder is a substrate holder that has functional areas called zones. Zones generally have a function, specifically the task of fixation. Since the zones can be controlled individually, the fixation can also be controlled individually, in particular depending on the location.
- the substrate holder has at least 2, preferably at least 4, more preferably at least 6, most preferably at least 8, most preferably at least 12 zones.
- the zones are preferably arranged symmetrically, preferably as segments of a circle.
- n zones are arranged, preferably along the same angular ranges along an angular coordinate line.
- the zones then have n-fold symmetry along the angular coordinate line at a radial coordinate. Multiple angular coordinate lines at different radial coordinates are possible.
- a zone preferably has several elevations. Zone substrate holders are, for example, in the references
- the substrate holder can be made of any material.
- the substrate holder consists of several components that are made of several materials.
- the use of the following material classes is particularly advantageous or materials for the components that form the surveys
- Substrate holders made from silicon nitride according to the invention show particularly good results. Accordingly, the use of silicon nitride as the material for the elevations is preferred. Silicon nitride has a Young's modulus of around 300 GPa. The modulus of elasticity of pure titanium is around 105 GPa, the modulus of elasticity of a tool steel is around 210-250 GPa. The elevations are preferably made from a material with the highest possible modulus of elasticity. In particular, materials with a high modulus of elasticity generally also have relatively high hardness values.
- Elevations protrude from the substrate holder surface and, through the first receiving surface and the second receiving surface, form a support surface for supporting the substrate and for reducing local distortions.
- the central bump and support bumps are bumps that are placed at well-defined locations to provide an improved bonding result.
- the elevations are pins that can be inserted or screwed into prefabricated bores or threads. This makes it possible, in particular, to change the position of the elevations.
- the elevations are switchable elements, in particular piezo elements, which can be brought to a well-defined level by a voltage. In this way, in particular, a dynamic adjustment of the position of the receiving surfaces of the elevations can be ensured. In this way, the corresponding substrate can be picked up evenly or evenly as desired.
- the additional bumps may serve the purpose of further supporting the substrate in the static state so as to prevent or at least minimize excessive sagging between bumps.
- the additional elevations have much smaller bearing surfaces or diameters than the elevations. Since the additional elevations do not absorb the amplitudes of the oscillating substrates, but only have a supporting effect, the additional elevations are preferably dimensioned and constructed correspondingly narrower.
- the additional elevations have additional bearing surfaces. Together with the bearing surfaces of the elevations, the further bearing surfaces of the additional elevations form an overall receiving surface or an overall bearing surface for a substrate that can be arranged on the substrate holder.
- the additional elevations have less than 1.0 times, preferably less than 0.8 times, more preferably less than 0.5 times, most preferably less than 0.1 times, most preferably less than 0.05 times the Recording area or the diameter of the central elevation.
- the additional elevations are made of a different material than the elevations. It is conceivable, for example, that the additional elevations are produced from a polymer as part of an insert mat. This insert mat can then be easily installed or inserted into the substrate holder with corresponding recesses for the elevations. The mat insert with the additional elevations is then preferably an injection molded part. Polymers advantageously have a particularly low level of contamination with respect to semiconductor materials.
- a first exemplary method for producing a substrate holder includes in particular the following steps.
- the vibration parameters of a given substrate or a substrate stack are calculated as a function of location and/or time.
- the calculation is carried out analytically, but preferably numerically, in particular with FEM programs.
- the FEM programs are preferably already integrated in the design software, which is also used to design the substrate holder.
- a calculation of the substrate or the substrate stack based on the theory of elasticity in relation to the substrate holder to be produced can thus be implemented in a particularly simple and efficient manner.
- the initial and boundary conditions must be known. These include in particular
- the substrate holder is manufactured.
- the central elevation which has a larger receiving surface, is preferably produced at a position at which an initial contact of the substrate that can be arranged on the substrate holder with a further substrate is to take place.
- care is taken to ensure that the elevations, in particular the at least one supporting elevation or the supporting elevations, are located precisely at the positions at which, according to the calculations based on theory of elasticity, the amplitudes of the elastic oscillation occur during the bonding process.
- a bonding process is carried out between two substrates with the substrate holder produced.
- the bond is checked using appropriate metrology systems.
- the metrology systems should be able to detect the smallest local distortions. Should the bonding result with the substrate holder produced deliver fewer and/or smaller defects in the bond than with a conventional or reference substrate holder, in which the elevations in particular do not correspond to the calculations according to the first Process step are distributed. Should distortions nevertheless be detectable during the examination, the positions and/or strengths of the distortions can be used in order to optimize the manufactured substrate holder, in particular the position and/or the diameter or the size of the recording areas of the elevations.
- the substrate holder produced can be adapted or another substrate holder can be produced which has the improved arrangement of the elevations determined according to the fourth method step, in particular of the at least one support elevation, and the optimized dimensions of the contact surfaces of the elevations.
- the metrology system is preferably an interferometer, more preferably an interferometer that can measure the front and back simultaneously.
- the production method is preferably carried out several times in succession for a specific bonding process with similarly or identically designed substrates to be bonded.
- a first substrate is loaded onto a first, in particular upper, substrate holder.
- a second substrate is loaded onto a second, in particular lower, substrate holder.
- both substrate holders are substrate holders according to the invention.
- the upper substrate is only fixed in order to be dropped onto the lower substrate in a controlled manner, especially after a bend.
- the vibration therefore occurs in particular during the process of contacting the upper substrate with the lower substrate, so that preferably only the lower substrate holder is a substrate holder according to the invention.
- the vibration initiated by the contact is dampened by the central elevation of the lower substrate holder.
- the first receiving area of the central elevation supports the substrate on a larger area than the at least one supporting elevation in the area of the smaller second receiving area.
- the upper substrate is brought into contact with the lower substrate, in particular in a controlled manner.
- Controlled means that there is a curvature of the upper substrate in particular in order to contact the lower substrate, in particular centrically and in a point-like manner.
- the point of contact is aligned with the center of the central elevation.
- the lower substrate holder has means for curving the lower substrate. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that the lower substrate is located flat on the lower substrate holder according to the invention.
- Controlled also means that the upper substrate is gradually detached, especially from the center to the edge.
- the formation of an elastic wave in the upper and/or lower substrate is already possible when the upper substrate is still partially fixed to the upper substrate holder.
- each dynamic change in the state of one of the two substrates is associated with the formation of an elastic wave.
- the upper substrate is completely detached from the upper substrate holder and left to its own devices. In particular, from this state it is completely subject to the influence of the gravitational force.
- the formation of an elastic corrugation in the upper and/or lower substrate and thus an influencing of the bonding result is at its maximum. In particular, not only do the individual parts of the substrate parts not yet in contact with one another vibrate in the direction of the substrate edge, but also the entire, at least partially bonded, substrate stack.
- Figure la is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a substrate holder according to the invention in a top view
- FIG. 1b shows a schematic representation of a substrate holder according to the invention according to FIG. 1a in a side view
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a substrate holder according to the invention in a side view with an oscillating substrate stack.
- Neither the substrate holder nor the bumps (central bump and support bumps), substrate stack, amplitudes or other features are shown to the correct scale.
- the elevations and above all the amplitudes of the deformed substrates are shown many times larger in order to facilitate the presentation and to understand the desired effect of reducing local distortions to enhance.
- only those features of the substrate holder are shown which serve to understand the invention.
- superfluous features were not shown.
- An actual substrate holder generally consists of more components.
- FIG. 1a shows a plan view of a substrate holder 1 according to the invention.
- a central elevation in the form of a central elevation 2 can be seen, which has a larger central elevation diameter d than the elevations in the form of supporting elevations 2', 2''.
- Empirical measurements have shown that the contact point has the greatest distortions and amplitudes when two substrates 5, 5' (not shown) are bonded.
- the first receiving area of the central elevation is larger than a second receiving area of a supporting elevation.
- the receiving surfaces of the elevations, ie the central elevation 2 and the supporting elevations 2′, 2′′ are round.
- the central elevation 2 has a larger first receiving area due to the larger central elevation diameter d in each case s than the second receiving areas of the supporting elevations 2', 2" with the supporting elevation diameters d', d".
- a reference 4 is provided with respect to which a substrate 5, 5' is aligned. In most cases only the lower substrate 5 is compared to the reference 4 aligned while the upper substrate 5' is aligned relative to the lower substrate 5.
- the reference 4 can be a positioning pin, for example, which is used to define the position of a notch in a substrate, in particular a wafer. A surface along which a flat side of a substrate, in particular a wafer, is positioned would also be conceivable. Also conceivable would be an alignment mark with respect to which a substrate 5 is positioned and oriented. Eight symmetrically arranged fixing elements 3 can also be seen.
- each zone or each segment preferably has at least one fixing element.
- a reference 4 is preferably omitted and the lower substrate 5 is aligned directly in relation to the elevations 2, 2', 2''.
- the lower substrate 5 is placed on the substrate holder according to the invention.
- the upper substrate 5' is positioned relative to the lower substrate 5 using optical alignment equipment.
- the upper substrate 5′ approaches the lower substrate 5, preferably first centrically, in that a contacting element (not shown), for example a pin or the fluid flow of a nozzle, bends through the upper substrate 5′.
- a contacting element for example a pin or the fluid flow of a nozzle
- FIG. 1b shows a side view of a substrate holder 1 according to the invention with a centrally arranged central elevation 2 and several supporting elevations 2′, 2′′.
- the elevations 2, 2′, 2′′ each have a diameter d, d′, d′′.
- the support elevation diameters are constant or of equal size along a radial position x′, x′′.
- the elevations 2, 2′, 2′′ can generally also have different shapes (not shown here).
- The, having a larger first receiving surface, Central elevation 2 is positioned in the center of the round substrate holder surface in the illustrated embodiment. Starting from the center of the substrate holder 1 or the central elevation 2, the supporting elevations 2', 2'' are arranged in a specific radial position x', x''.
- the support elevations 2', 2'' are distributed symmetrically.
- the support elevations 2′ are arranged at a radial position x′ and the support elevations 2′′ at a radial position x′′ further away from the center.
- the respective second receiving surfaces of the supporting elevations 2′ are smaller than the respective second receiving surfaces of the supporting elevations 2′′. In this respect, the size of the receiving area of the support elevations decreases towards the outside and thus with the radial position.
- the radial positions x′, x′′ of the support elevations 2′, 2′′ are each arranged in such a way that they are aligned with a position of a maximum vibration of an elastic vibration occurring during bonding in the direction of the substrate holder. In this way, the substrate 5 or the substrate stack can be supported during bonding at the amplitudes of the vibration maxima at which the expected and preferably calculated and measured vibration maxima occur.
- the exact position and number of the support elevations 2', 2" is determined in particular by empirical tests and/or theoretical vibration calculations.
- FIG. 2 shows a side view of a substrate holder 1 according to the invention, on which a lower substrate 5 and an upper substrate 5' are bonded to one another.
- the state can be seen directly after the two substrates 5, 5' have been fully contacted.
- An upper substrate holder is not shown. It can be seen that due to the bonding process, in particular the dropping of the upper substrate 5', an oscillation process occurs.
- the amplitude which decreases in particular from the center to the edge, is shown in an exaggerated manner. the actual Amplitudes are in the micrometer to nanometer range. However, it is recognizable that the amplitudes occur in the direction of the substrate holder 1 at the positions of the elevations 2, 2', 2''.
- the greatest amplitude occurs in the direction of the substrate holder at the position of the central elevation 2 having the larger first receiving surface.
- the support elevations 2′, 2′′ are also arranged in the areas where a maximum deflection of the vibration in the direction of the substrate holder occurs. In this way, the errors between the first substrate 5 and the second substrate 5' relative to each other are minimized.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202180073042.6A CN116457916A (zh) | 2021-02-01 | 2021-02-01 | 基底支架以及制造用于接合的基底支架的方法 |
JP2023526353A JP2024510060A (ja) | 2021-02-01 | 2021-02-01 | 基板ホルダおよび接合のための基板ホルダを製造する方法 |
PCT/EP2021/052267 WO2022161636A1 (de) | 2021-02-01 | 2021-02-01 | Substrathalter und verfahren zur herstellung eines substrathalters zum bonden |
US18/031,084 US20230369095A1 (en) | 2021-02-01 | 2021-02-01 | Substrate holder and method for producing a substrate holder for bonding |
KR1020237014896A KR20230134463A (ko) | 2021-02-01 | 2021-02-01 | 접합용 기판 홀더 및 기판 홀더의 제조 방법 |
EP21703193.9A EP4285402A1 (de) | 2021-02-01 | 2021-02-01 | Substrathalter und verfahren zur herstellung eines substrathalters zum bonden |
TW111102845A TWI821880B (zh) | 2021-02-01 | 2022-01-24 | 基板固持器及製造用於接合之基板固持器之方法 |
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PCT/EP2021/052267 WO2022161636A1 (de) | 2021-02-01 | 2021-02-01 | Substrathalter und verfahren zur herstellung eines substrathalters zum bonden |
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WO2022161636A1 true WO2022161636A1 (de) | 2022-08-04 |
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PCT/EP2021/052267 WO2022161636A1 (de) | 2021-02-01 | 2021-02-01 | Substrathalter und verfahren zur herstellung eines substrathalters zum bonden |
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US (1) | US20230369095A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4285402A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2024510060A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20230134463A (de) |
CN (1) | CN116457916A (de) |
TW (1) | TWI821880B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022161636A1 (de) |
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US20140356983A1 (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Distorting donor wafer to corresponding distortion of host wafer |
US20170178931A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-22 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Substrate Chuck and Substrate Bonding System Including the Same |
WO2017162272A1 (de) | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-28 | Ev Group E. Thallner Gmbh | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bonden von substraten |
WO2018028801A1 (de) | 2016-08-12 | 2018-02-15 | Ev Group E. Thallner Gmbh | Verfahren und probenhalter zum gesteuerten bonden von substraten |
WO2019057286A1 (de) | 2017-09-21 | 2019-03-28 | Ev Group E. Thallner Gmbh | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bonden von substraten |
US20190189593A1 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Substrate bonding apparatus |
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JP2020115593A (ja) * | 2020-05-01 | 2020-07-30 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 接合装置および接合システム |
US20210006182A1 (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2021-01-07 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. | Electrostatic chuck device |
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JP2012253269A (ja) * | 2011-06-06 | 2012-12-20 | Nikon Corp | 基板ホルダ及び基板貼り合わせ装置 |
US11315813B2 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2022-04-26 | Ev Group E. Thallner Gmbh | Substrate holder and method for bonding two substrates |
-
2021
- 2021-02-01 CN CN202180073042.6A patent/CN116457916A/zh active Pending
- 2021-02-01 KR KR1020237014896A patent/KR20230134463A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2021-02-01 JP JP2023526353A patent/JP2024510060A/ja active Pending
- 2021-02-01 US US18/031,084 patent/US20230369095A1/en active Pending
- 2021-02-01 EP EP21703193.9A patent/EP4285402A1/de active Pending
- 2021-02-01 WO PCT/EP2021/052267 patent/WO2022161636A1/de active Application Filing
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2022
- 2022-01-24 TW TW111102845A patent/TWI821880B/zh active
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US20070090479A1 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2007-04-26 | Chien-Hua Chen | Controlling bond fronts in wafer-scale packaging |
US20190206711A1 (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2019-07-04 | Ev Group E. Thallner Gmbh | Accomodating device for retaining wafers |
US20140261960A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Wafer-to-wafer oxide fusion bonding |
US20140356983A1 (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Distorting donor wafer to corresponding distortion of host wafer |
US20170178931A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-22 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Substrate Chuck and Substrate Bonding System Including the Same |
WO2017162272A1 (de) | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-28 | Ev Group E. Thallner Gmbh | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bonden von substraten |
WO2018028801A1 (de) | 2016-08-12 | 2018-02-15 | Ev Group E. Thallner Gmbh | Verfahren und probenhalter zum gesteuerten bonden von substraten |
WO2019057286A1 (de) | 2017-09-21 | 2019-03-28 | Ev Group E. Thallner Gmbh | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bonden von substraten |
US20190189593A1 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Substrate bonding apparatus |
US20210006182A1 (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2021-01-07 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. | Electrostatic chuck device |
JP2020115593A (ja) * | 2020-05-01 | 2020-07-30 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 接合装置および接合システム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20230134463A (ko) | 2023-09-21 |
CN116457916A (zh) | 2023-07-18 |
TWI821880B (zh) | 2023-11-11 |
JP2024510060A (ja) | 2024-03-06 |
US20230369095A1 (en) | 2023-11-16 |
TW202236494A (zh) | 2022-09-16 |
EP4285402A1 (de) | 2023-12-06 |
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