WO2022160416A1

WO2022160416A1 - Personal thermal comfort device based on peltier effect, and thermal management method

Info

Publication number: WO2022160416A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/079741
Authority: WO
Inventors: 李康吉; 薛文平; 谭刚; 曹霄; 刘子龙; 李笑盈
Original assignee: 江苏大学
Priority date: 2021-01-29
Filing date: 2021-03-09
Publication date: 2022-08-04
Also published as: GB202305927D0; GB2614682A

Abstract

A personal thermal comfort device based on a Peltier effect, and a thermal management method. The device comprises a thermoelectric module, a heat dissipation fan, an external packaging module, a micro-blower, and a micro-hose network; heat dissipation plates are attached to the warm and cold sides of the thermoelectric module, respectively; the thermoelectric module and the heat dissipation fan form an integrated structure by means of the external packaging module provided with a channel; one end of the integrated structure is connected to the micro-blower, and the other end of the integrated structure is connected to the micro-hose network; the micro-blower provides a cold or warm airflow and the micro-hose network guides same to a special garment, so as to provide a required heat source or cold source for the whole human body. The specific thermoelectric module, heat dissipation fan and heat dissipation plates are selected and combined into a detachable, portable thermoelectric conversion device, the micro-blower is selected to send cold energy or heat energy to the special garment, the air supply temperature is set according to a thermal comfort requirement of the human body, the voltage of the thermoelectric conversion device is adjusted by means of a single-neuron PID controller, and the thermal comfort of the human body in a local microenvironment of a building is improved. The whole device has the advantages of portability, excellent energy efficiency and controllable temperature. In combination with a central heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system of a building, a local thermal environment can be established, the personal thermal comfort is improved, and the overall energy consumption of the building is reduced.

Description

A personal thermal comfort device and thermal management method based on the Peltier effect

technical field

The invention relates to a personal thermal comfort device and a thermal management method based on the Peltier effect, belonging to the technical field of thermoelectric conversion.

Background technique

The earliest personal thermal management device was developed to meet the needs of modern warfare and to solve problems such as excessive physical energy consumption, inattention, and unresponsive brain response of operators due to heat stress in a high-heat environment. There are various types of clothing currently used for personal thermal management, one is heated or cooled by liquid or air, and the other is energy conversion by adding phase change materials to generate chemical reactions.

At home and abroad, there are also studies on equipment that uses thermoelectric energy conversion to provide heating and cooling. Thermoelectric cooling has quickly become a practical technology for many types of electronic equipment. The equipment in the market today is also very compact and efficient, coupled with the advantages of advanced internal structure, various types of thermoelectric modules based on the Peltier effect are developing rapidly. In order to keep the temperature of some electronic components stable and ensure the stability and accuracy of the components, a cooling plate and a small cooling fan are often used in combination to cool the electronic devices.

Combined with the building heating and ventilation system to expand the indoor temperature adjustment range, in 2018, a set of personal thermal management devices jointly developed by the University of Colorado Boulder and the Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering Laboratory of Xi'an Jiaotong University has taken shape. The heat dissipation plate, the thermoelectric module, and the small heat dissipation fan are combined to form a simple thermoelectric conversion module, but the effect is not very significant, and the temperature adjustment range is too small and uncontrollable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the characteristics of high energy consumption and poor thermal comfort in thermal management of existing buildings, in the context of a personal thermal comfort device and thermal management method based on the Peltier effect of the present invention, the core components are Maximum energy efficiency, maximize the temperature adjustable range, determine the specific selection of thermoelectric modules and small cooling fans through simulation and experimental data, determine the fin distribution and structure of the cooling plate, determine the main packaging structure of the device, and the layout of air inlets and outlets , combined into a set of portable thermoelectric energy conversion modules with optimal energy efficiency. Combined with the micro blower, the hose layout in the garment is designed, and the temperature-controlled personal thermal comfort device is designed.

The technical scheme of the present invention is: a personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect, comprising a thermoelectric module, a cooling fan, an external packaging module, a micro blower, and a micro hose network; the thermoelectric module is attached on both hot and cold sides respectively The heat dissipation plate, the thermoelectric module and the heat dissipation fan form an integrated structure through an external packaging module with a channel. The integrated structure is a thermoelectric conversion device. One end of the device is connected to a micro blower, and the other end of the device is connected to a micro hose network; the micro blower provides cooling or The hot air flows to garments designed with a network of microscopic hoses, providing the required heat or cooling throughout the body.

Further, the thermoelectric module includes a three-layer structure, the intermediate layer monomer is formed by a thermocouple composed of bismuth telluride semiconductor and a guide plate in series, and the two sides of the intermediate layer are alumina ceramic layers.

Further, the size of the cooling fan and the thermoelectric module are matched, and the cooling fan is provided with a plurality of fan blades.

Further, the heat dissipation plate includes a hot side heat dissipation plate and a cold side heat dissipation plate;

The material of the heat-dissipating plate on the hot side is made of red copper, and the straight-through fin is selected;

The cold-side heat-dissipating plate is made of aluminum or copper, and the fins of the heat-dissipating plate are divided into straight-through one-row, four-row, and multi-row dense teeth; Spacing optimization range is 0.5-1.5mm.

Further, the overall size of the hot-side cooling plate is 40*40*11mm, the base thickness is 3mm, and there are 25 fins, each with a thickness of 0.5mm;

The fins of the cold-side heat dissipation plate are four rows of fins, with a thickness of 0.8 mm and a spacing of 0.6 mm.

Further, the external packaging module includes a device main frame package, and an external airflow inlet, a packaging back cover and an air outlet that are respectively communicated with both sides of the device main frame package;

The external air inlet includes a round hole cylinder air inlet 4 of a round hole cylinder, a connecting body 5 between the rectangular main frame and the air inlet, a smooth curved surface 6, a reserved hole 7, and an inner air inlet 8; the air inlet 4 It is connected with the connecting body 5 of the main frame and the air inlet through a smooth curved surface 6; there are reserved holes 7 at both ends of the two adjacent sides of the connecting body 5 of the main frame and the air inlet, leaving a line for the thermoelectric module. ; In addition, the side bottom surface of the connecting body 5 of the main frame and the air inlet is also provided with an inner air inlet 8;

The main frame of the device is encapsulated as a shell structure, the top of which is provided with a small circular fan exhaust port 12, and the left and right sides of the main frame of the device are symmetrically opened with cooling vents 16 for the second hot-side heat dissipation plate. The rear side of the package is provided with a small fan line hole 13, a heat dissipation vent 15 of the first hot side heat dissipation plate, two horizontally symmetrically arranged thermoelectric module line holes 14, and a corresponding port of the inner air inlet 8 from top to bottom. 17; The front side of the device main frame package is the front side shell 10, and the front side is an open end surface; the inside of the device main frame package is separated into upper and lower sides by the hot side heat dissipation plate and the small fan interval 11; the upper side is provided with a hot side The heat dissipation main cavity of the heat dissipation plate and the air outlet of the heat dissipation fan; the heat exchange main cavity of the cold side heat dissipation plate is arranged on the lower side;

The packaging back cover and the air outlet include a packaging back cover, a connecting smooth curved surface 20, and a cylindrical air outlet 21. The packaging back cover is designed to be double-layered, and the lateral cross section is an L-shaped shell. One side of the vertical surface is clamped on the front side shell 10, and the rectangular end protruding from the bottom of the other side of the vertical surface of the L-shaped shell is connected to the air outlet 21 of the round hole column through the connecting smooth curved surface 20. The other side of the vertical surface of the shell is also provided with a corresponding port 22 of the heat dissipation vent 15 of the first hot side heat dissipation plate.

Further, the micro-hose network includes a bifurcated Y-type topology, or a wrap-around O-type topology.

A thermal management method for a personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect of the present invention, comprising the steps of: 1) combining a thermoelectric module with a heat dissipation plate and a heat dissipation fan to construct a thermoelectric energy conversion device, and encapsulating it through an external packaging module 2) Use a micro air pump to guide the air to flow through the thermoelectric energy conversion device through the pipeline for heat exchange, and send the heat-exchanged air into the micro-hose network embedded in the wearable clothing through the pipeline; 3) Send the target voltage to the single Neuron PID controller, and obtain the control parameters output by the controller, and give the control voltage of the thermoelectric module according to the control parameters; 4) Use a microcontroller for control, and use PWM wave adjustment according to the data given by the single neuron PID controller The power of the thermoelectric module.

Further, in the step 3), the single neuron PID controller has a built-in single neuron PID algorithm, and the PID control formula formed by the single neuron is

Δu(k)=K{ω ₁ (e(k)-e(k-1))+ω ₂ e(k)+ω ₃ (e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2 ))}

In the formula, K is the neuron gain coefficient, e(k) is the deviation signal, x ₁ =e(k)-e(k-1), x ₂ =e(k), x ₃ =e(k)-2e (k-1)+e(k-2), ω _i (i=1,2,3) is the weight corresponding to the input x _i (i=1,2,3), Δu(k) is the output value increase The weighting coefficient in the formula is adjusted online by using the supervised Hebb learning rule, and then the adaptive function to the uncertainty of the system is realized. The learning algorithm is:

ω ₁ (k+1)=ω ₁ (k)+η _p e(k)u(k)(e(k)+Δe(k))

ω ₂ (k+1)=ω ₂ (k)+η _i e(k)u(k)(e(k)+Δe(k))

ω ₃ (k+1)=ω ₃ (k)+ηd _e (k)u(k)(e(k)+Δe(k))

In the formula, η _p , η _i , η _d are the learning rates of the proportional, integral and differential components, respectively;

where x ₁ (k), x ₂ (k), x ₃ (k) are the three parameters required for neuron learning, r(t) and n(k) are the required temperature and actual voltage output, respectively. The expected set temperature value r(k) is used as the input signal, the actual set temperature value n(k) is used as the feedback signal, and e(k) is the temperature deviation signal, that is, e(k)=r(k)-n(k) , x _i (k) (i=1, 2, 3) is the input signal of the neuron obtained by converting the temperature error, its weight coefficient is adjusted online by the algorithm, u(k) is the output of the single neuron PID control The signal is used to regulate the voltage signal of the thermoelectric module, send the target voltage to the single neuron PID controller, let the output value of the controller track the target voltage, and supply the output value to the microcontroller to regulate the thermoelectric module.

Further, in the step 4), PWM pulse width modulation is used to output different voltage values to control the thermoelectric module to send out different powers, and the PWM wave of the microcontroller itself used in this design can only realize voltage regulation in the range of 0 to 5V. , the PWM module and an external power supply are introduced, which are powered by the external power supply. By receiving the PWM signals of different periods and different duty ratios sent by the microprocessor, the introduced external power supply is modulated, and then different voltages are output to the thermoelectric module. powered by.

The technical effect of the present invention is:

The device has a total of six components. One is a thermoelectric module based on the Peltier effect. The selected thermoelectric module has a three-layer structure. The intermediate layer monomer is formed by a thermocouple composed of bismuth telluride semiconductor and a guide plate in series. The bismuth telluride semiconductor With natural anisotropy, it is a very good thermoelectric material with a wide range of applications. Both sides of the middle layer are alumina ceramic layers, which have good thermal conductivity, mechanical strength and high temperature resistance. It has a remarkable effect of providing cold source for cooling in summer.

The second is the cooling fan. The size of the cooling fan is matched with the thermoelectric module, and there are as many fan blades as possible. Under high power, the fan speed is large and the air volume is large. Because the temperature difference ΔT between the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric module is proportional to the input voltage (ΔT∝V ), the greater the voltage, the greater the temperature difference ΔT, the sufficient heat dissipation on the hot side of the heat dissipation plate, that is, the cooling effect of the cold side is better, and the temperature of the cold side can reach 7.8 ℃.

The third is the heat dissipation plate on both sides of the hot and cold sides. In order to make the temperature of the cold side reach a lower temperature, the hot side needs to be fully dissipated. The heat dissipation plate made of red copper is selected. The overall size is 40*40*11mm, the thickness of the base is 3mm, and there are 25 fins each. Thickness 0.5mm. When the input voltage is 4.5V and the current is 2.37A, the temperature of the hot side can drop to 30.5℃ after passing through the heat sink. The cold side stores cold energy through the aluminum heat dissipation plate. The cold side heat dissipation plate has four rows of fins, with a thickness of 0.8mm and a spacing of 0.6mm, which has little effect on the wind speed of the external airflow and can store a large amount of cold energy.

The fourth is the external package module, which encapsulates the thermoelectric module, heat dissipation plate and cooling fan into a simple thermoelectric energy conversion device, integrates the module, and designs the external air inlet and outlet, as well as the wiring and cooling vents of each device. After packaging, the thermoelectric The conversion device is portable and detachable, and the staggered L-shaped shell design allows the external airflow to circulate in the shell, so that the cold test energy storage can be fully taken away by the external airflow.

The fifth is the micro blower, the external airflow supply device, the air volume is large, and the wind speed is adjustable, which can supply wind energy for the operation of the device.

The sixth is the micro-hose network. After the cold energy generated by the thermoelectric module is stored in the package shell through the cold-measurement cooling plate, the external air flow is provided by the micro-blower, and the cold flow is blown to the special clothing with the micro-hose network, which is used for the human body. Cooling to meet the requirements of improving human comfort. The chest and back of the human body are more sensitive to temperature, providing a bifurcated Y-type topology and a wrap-around O-type topology. The hose network mainly flows through the chest and back, and the cooling effect is obvious.

Aiming at the characteristics of high energy consumption and poor personal thermal comfort of the current HVAC system, the present invention can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioner by introducing a personal thermal management device, while improving personal thermal comfort, while broadening the temperature setting range of the central air conditioner . Compared with some existing personal soft management methods, the single neuron PID control algorithm adjustment introduced by the present invention can more effectively improve the comfort of the human body and has great application potential. The self-adaptive and self-organizing functions of the system structure, parameters and uncertainties are realized.

Description of drawings

Figure 1. The basic principle diagram of the Peltier effect;

Figure 2. Structure diagram of thermoelectric module;

Figure 3. Outline structure of cooling fan;

Figure 4. The structure of the copper heat sink on the hot side;

Figure 5. Cold side aluminum heat sink structure;

Figure 6. Package diagram of external air inlet;

Figure 7. Device packaging main frame;

Figure 8. Package back cover and air outlet;

Figure 9. The hose network layout in the garment; (a) is a Y type; (b) is an O type;

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of the heat dissipation plates attached to both sides of the thermoelectric module;

Figure 11. Overall schematic diagram of a thermoelectric energy conversion device;

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of personal thermal comfort device.

Figure 13. Block diagram of single neuron PID control algorithm;

Figure 14. The specific flow chart for adjusting the temperature on both sides of the cold and hot.

In the figure, 1- the first alumina ceramic layer; 2- the intermediate layer monomer; 3- the second alumina ceramic layer; 4- the air inlet of the circular hole cylinder; ;6-smooth curved surface; 7-reserved hole; 8-inner air inlet; 9-side shell; 10-front shell; 11-spacing between hot-side cooling plate and small fan; 12-round small fan exhaust port; 13- small fan line position hole; 14- line position hole; 15- heat dissipation vent of the first hot side heat dissipation plate; 16- heat dissipation vent of the second hot side heat dissipation plate; 17- the corresponding port of the inner air inlet 8; 18- The top of the vertical surface of the L-shaped shell; 19- The rear end of the vertical surface of the L-shaped shell; 20- Connect the smooth curved surface; The corresponding port of the ventilation port 15 .

Detailed ways

The personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect proposed by the present invention (taking cooling in summer as an example, can also realize heating in winter), mainly includes:

(1) Select an appropriate thermoelectric module based on the Peltier effect to meet the size, voltage, power, working temperature and other indicators of the personal thermal management device.

(2) Select a cooling fan that matches the size of the thermoelectric module to meet the volume, power, wind speed and other indicators of the personal thermal management device.

(3) Heat dissipation plates are attached to the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric module respectively. Determine the parameters of the heat sink material, fin layout and size on both sides of the module. The method is as follows: use UG software to make the geometric model of the heat dissipation plate, and use Fluent software to carry out CFD simulation and optimization of the heat dissipation effect. Determine the parameters according to the optimization results.

(4) According to the size of each component selected in (1) to (3), the packaging of the device is realized by 3D printing technology. Meet the thermal management indicators such as portability, disassembly, and excellent energy efficiency.

(5) The micro blower is placed outside the device, and provides external airflow through the hose to meet the indicators of portability, power, and air volume.

(6) Design the micro-hose network layout to meet the optimal energy efficiency index of the device.

In the process (1), the basic principle of the Peltier effect is that a pair of thermocouples is composed of N and P-type semiconductor materials. Endothermic and exothermic phenomena occur at the point. As shown in Figure 1.

The thermoelectric module based on the Peltier effect consists of a three-layer structure (Fig. 2), with first and second alumina ceramic layers on both sides (shown in Fig. 1, 3), and the intermediate layer monomer 2 is composed of bismuth telluride semiconductor The thermocouple is formed in series with the guide plate with better thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity (as shown in Figure 2). The thermoelectric module in the personal thermal management device needs to meet the parameter requirements: length * width * thickness = 40 * 40 * (3 ~ 4) mm, the working current is less than 12A, the rated voltage is less than 24V, the maximum power: 80 ~ 150W, the operating temperature range : -55℃-80℃.

Compare three Peltier effect thermoelectric modules that meet the conditions, namely ZT8-12-F1-4040, TEC1-12706 and TEC1-12710. Among them, the TEC1-12710 thermoelectric module has the largest cooling power, which can reach 120W. The temperature difference between the two sides is above 58°C. The lowest temperature of the cold side measured by the experiment is as low as 7.2°C, which can provide sufficient cold source for the device. TEC1-12710 type thermoelectric module appearance size 40*40*3.4mm; internal resistance 1.2-1.5Ω; working current IMAX=10A (when 15VMAX voltage starts); rated voltage DC12V (VMAX=15.5V); working environment temperature range -55 ℃-83℃. All meet the design requirements.

In the process (2), in order to make the whole device compact and easy to package, the size of the cooling fan should match the thermoelectric module, and the specific size requirements are: length*width=40*40mm. Other parameter requirements: DC voltage: 12V, current less than 1A, fan speed greater than 10000RPM, working humidity range: 45%-85%. The fan should have the shape and structure shown in Figure 3.

Comparing the three types of cooling fans, they are LFFAN-LFS0412SL (DC: 12V 0.30A), TELTA-AFB0412SHB (DC: 12V 0.35A) and SAN ACE40-9GV0412P3J11 (DC: 12V 0.60A), among which TELTA-AFB0412SHB (DC: 12V 0.60A) 12V 0.35A) has seven fan blades, the appearance size is 40*40*15mm, 12V DC power supply, can work in the environment of relative humidity 45%-85%, has sufficient cooling air volume and air pressure, and the air volume is large (14.83 CFM), the working noise is low, and the fan speed can reach 11000RPM. All parameters meet the design requirements.

In the process (3), the temperature difference ΔT on both sides of the thermoelectric module is proportional to the input voltage (ΔT∝V). In summer, the thermoelectric module needs to store energy on the cold side and dissipate heat on the hot side. The design of the heat sinks on both sides of the hot and cold uses the following different methods.

The main goal of the hot-side heat sink is to quickly and sufficiently cool down. The material is made of red copper, and the fins are straight-through. Other design parameters: the overall size is 40*40*11mm, the base thickness is 3mm, and there are 25 fins, each with a thickness of 0.5mm. Its structure diagram is shown in Figure 4.

The cold side needs to adequately store cold energy, and its topology and size are key factors. The parameter selection of the cold-side cooling plate (plate size and fin layout) is optimized using fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The basic steps are: use UG software to make the geometric model of the heat dissipation plate, and use Fluent software to perform CFD simulation and optimization of the heat dissipation effect. The optimization parameters include the layout, thickness and spacing of the fins of the heat dissipation plate. The layout is divided into three categories: straight-through one-row, four-row, and multi-row dense teeth; the optimized range of fin thickness is 0.5-1.5mm, and the optimized range of spacing is 0.5- 1.5mm. The optimization objective is the best cold test energy storage effect. The results show that the cooling plate with four rows of fins, thickness of 0.8mm and spacing of 0.6mm can make the airflow temperature at the air outlet the lowest. Through comparison, it is found that the energy storage effect of aluminum and copper heat sinks is not very different. Considering the cost factor, the aluminum heat sink structure as shown in Figure 5 is selected, and the overall size is 40*40*11mm.

In the process (4), ABS consumables are selected for 3D printing; the designed external packaging module includes three parts: external air inlet, device main frame packaging, packaging back cover and air outlet.

①The part of the external air inlet is shown in Figure 6, and the specific dimensions are as follows:

4—The air inlet of the round hole cylinder, the inner diameter is 7mm, the outer diameter is 11mm, the wall thickness is 2mm, the length of the cylinder is 13mm, and the air inlet is biased to one direction.

The side distance is 8mm from the center;

5—The connection between the main frame and the air inlet, the total width is 8.5mm, the wall thickness is 2mm, and the middle of the material is saved;

6—Smooth curved surface, wall thickness 2mm;

7—Reserved hole, open a reserved hole with a diameter of 3.2mm at the two ends of the connection between the air inlet and the main frame, 5.5mm from the edge, and a hole depth of 6mm, to reserve a line for the thermoelectric module;

8—The inner air inlet, which runs through 5 and connects 4 and 6, is 32mm long and 9mm wide, and is tangent to the semicircular arcs with a diameter of 9mm on both sides.

The cylinder with the circular hole of the air inlet is deviated to the same side, 2.8mm from the bottom and 3mm from the side.

②The encapsulation part of the main frame of the device is shown in Figure 7. The upper side of this part is provided with the heat dissipation main cavity of the hot side heat dissipation plate and the air outlet of the heat dissipation fan; the lower side of this part is provided with the heat exchange main cavity of the cold side heat dissipation plate. The specific parameters are as follows:

Main frame 47*47*50mm; 9-side shell, left and right wall thickness 3mm; 10-front side shell, upper and lower wall thickness 2.8mm;

11—The distance between the heat dissipation plate on the hot side and the small fan is 2mm, the distance from the bottom is 29.3mm, and the distance from the top is 18.7mm;

12—Small fan exhaust port, the top 38mm small fan exhaust port;

13—The small fan line position hole, 12mm from the side, 9.5mm from the center to the interval 11, and 7mm in length;

14—The thermoelectric module line position hole, 5.5mm from the side, 15.8mm from the bottom, symmetrical on both sides;

15—The cooling vent of the first hot side cooling plate, 15 size: 34mm long and 10mm wide, close to the center of the lower end of 11;,

16—The cooling vent of the second hot side cooling plate, the size of 16: length 38mm and width 10mm, the four corners are curved, the height position is the same as 15, the center position of the side wall, the two sides are symmetrical;

17—The corresponding port of the inner air inlet 8, the same as the 8 air inlet.

③See Figure 8 for the back cover and air outlet of the package. Considering the hardness of the material and the stability of the structure, the back cover of the package is designed as a double-layer shell. The back cover fits the groove of the frame, the double wall thickness is 2.5mm, and the middle cavity is 8mm wide. The design of the air outlet at the outer end is the same as that shown in Figure 7, and the air outlet 21 of the round hole column and the inner air outlet are opposite to the air inlet and are inclined to the other end. The airflow is formed into a backflow in the device, which is convenient for sufficient heat exchange, and the cold energy generated by the thermoelectric module is blown to the tree-shaped pipe. The size parameters are as follows:

18—The top end (one side) of the vertical surface of the L-like shell, the same as 10, the wall thickness is 2.8mm, 19—the vertical surface rear end (the other side) of the L-like shell, the wall thickness is 2.5mm, 20— Connect smooth surface, thickness 2mm;

22—The corresponding opening of the heat dissipation vent 15 of the first hot side heat dissipation plate, the size is the same as that of the heat dissipation vent 15 of the first hot side heat dissipation plate, and the corners are semi-circular.

In the process (5), the air flow provided by the micro-blower takes away the cold energy and leads to the whole body of the human body through the hose network. Micro blowers need to meet the power, air volume, volume and other indicators. Specific parameter requirements: the wind speed of the tuyere is adjustable 15-30m/s, DC voltage: 24-36V, power: 50-100W, wind pressure: 5-10KPa, body size: diameter 70mm, height less than 40mm. Micro blower WM7040-24V meets all requirements.

In the process (6), the hose network layout in the garment is designed, and two network topologies are selected: "Y" type and "O" type, as shown in FIG. 9 .

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of two heat dissipation plates attached to both sides of the thermoelectric module. FIG. 11 is an overall effect diagram of the thermoelectric energy conversion device. The cooling side of the thermoelectric module is at the lower part, and the cooling energy is temporarily stored in the lower heat exchange cavity. The external air inlet and outlet are not in the same straight line, and the left and right staggered design enables the airflow to fully take away the cold energy generated by the thermoelectric module. The hot side of the thermoelectric module is on the upper part, and there are ventilation holes on the four sides of the package. A cooling fan is installed above the heat dissipation plate on the hot side to help the hot side fully dissipate heat. Depending on the selected components and the characteristics of the externally packaged module, the unit is lightweight, small in size, energy efficient and portable enough. Adding a control module can realize the control of its temperature output. Figure 12 shows a schematic diagram of a personal thermal comfort device composed of a thermoelectric conversion device, a micro-blower, and a special clothing with a braided hose network.

The design process of the present invention is as follows: 1) Select a suitable thermoelectric module that can fully supply heat, specific parameters: DC power supply, suitable working environment -50°C-80°C, cooling power 50W-120W, maximum temperature difference 40°C-80°C, appearance Size 40*40*X mm; 2) Select the appropriate hot-side cooling fan, specific parameters: DC power supply, 12V or 24V working voltage, power 4-12W, speed 5000-12000RPM, air volume 5-16CFM, appearance size 40*40 *X mm; 3) Customized heat sinks with different materials and topologies on both sides of the hot and cold. After optimization of the topology structure, the heat dissipation capacity is the best. Specific parameters: the hot side adopts a straight-through finned copper heat dissipation plate, and the cold side adopts a four-row finned aluminum heat dissipation plate. Heat and cold conduction effect; 4) Design external package module model. The thermoelectric module, cooling plate and cooling fan are encapsulated by 3D printing technology to meet the requirements of disassembly and portability; 5) A micro brushless DC blower is used to provide external air flow, and the cold energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion device is passed through the micro hose network. Blow to the human body to achieve the purpose of improving the thermal comfort of the human body. The specific parameters of the blower: input voltage 24-36V, power 50-100W, no-load speed 30000-50000rpm, maximum air volume 200-300L/min, wind pressure 5-10KPa; 6) Embed a micro-hose network in the clothing, the network is composed of " Y"-shaped and "O"-shaped hoses can enhance the cooling effect of the human body.

As shown in Figure 13, PID control has the characteristics of simple structure and principle, easy engineering implementation and good robustness, and is widely used in practical applications. By introducing the neuron network into PID control and improving its coefficients in real time, it can cope with the influence of environmental noise, load disturbance, etc., and avoid the phenomenon of poor control effect. In the process of temperature control system control, the introduction of supervision The Hebb learning rule based on Hebb updates the weight coefficients of the temperature control system, which can be regarded as a PID controller with parameter self-tuning, which realizes the self-adaptive and self-organizing functions of the system structure, parameters and uncertainties.

In order to achieve a constant output of the temperature setting value, the single neuron PID algorithm is applied to the temperature control system to enhance the stability and rapidity of the temperature control system. The neuron network has the advantages of good fault tolerance and strong anti-interference ability. , combine it with the classic PID control algorithm, and achieve the control of its temperature through the control of the thermoelectric module's regulating voltage, and improve the accuracy of the temperature output.

In the above-mentioned step 3), the single neuron PID controller has a built-in single neuron PID algorithm, and the PID control formula formed by the single neuron is:

Δu(k)=K{ω ₁ (e(k)-e(k-1))+ω ₂ e(k)+ω ₃ (e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2 ))}

ω ₁ (k+1)=ω ₁ (k)+η _p e(k)u(k)(e(k)+Δe(k))

ω ₂ (k+1)=ω ₂ (k)+η _i e(k)u(k)(e(k)+Δe(k))

ω ₃ (k+1)=ω ₃ (k)+ηd _e (k)u(k)(e(k)+Δe(k))

In the above-mentioned step 4), the microcontroller in the present invention selects the Arduino development board, which is a single-chip microcontroller with open source code, which uses an Atmel AVR microcontroller, adopts an open-source software and hardware platform, and is constructed on Simple output/input (simple I/O) interface board, and has a Processing/Wiring development environment similar to Java and C.

Since the Arduino can only adjust the voltage at 0~5v, the PWM module is introduced, which is powered by an external power supply, and the development board inputs the PWM signal to obtain different voltages to power the thermoelectric module.

As shown in Figure 14, PWM (Pulse-width modulation) is used to output different voltage values to control the thermoelectric module to emit different powers. This is the main way to output analog quantities in digital circuits. In Arduino, there are two ways to generate PWM waves. The first: the pin with ~ can directly output the PWM wave, use the analogWrite(pin, val) command, the val range is an integer value within 0 ~ 255, corresponding to the voltage 0 to +5V; the second: manually use the code Implement PWM. The advantages of this method are obvious: the ratio of PWM can be more accurate; the period and frequency can be controlled; all pins can be output. Therefore, in this design, the second method is used to output the PWM wave.

The feedback control of the current and voltage loaded into the thermoelectric module is performed to adjust the temperature on both sides of the hot and cold sides. The specific block diagram is shown in Figure 14.

Obtain the optimal temperature set point for a personal thermal management system, and control the cooling effect by adjusting the input voltage of the thermoelectric module through pulse width modulation. Then, the body surface and core temperature are monitored in real time for the participants wearing clothing, the current comfort level is evaluated, and various parameters of the human body are updated.

The present invention selects a specific thermoelectric module, a cooling fan and a cooling plate, and combines them into a detachable and portable thermoelectric conversion device. Select micro-blowers to deliver cold energy into special garments. The whole set of equipment has the advantages of portability, excellent energy efficiency and temperature control. Combined with the central air-conditioning system of building heating and ventilation, a local thermal environment can be established to improve personal thermal comfort; smaller devices can be used to widen the temperature setting range of central air-conditioning, thereby reducing the overall energy consumption of the building, and the application potential is huge.

In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplary embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples", etc., is meant to incorporate the embodiments A particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described by an example or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

A personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect, characterized in that it includes a thermoelectric module, a cooling fan, an external packaging module, a micro-blower, and a micro-hose network; The thermoelectric module and the cooling fan are formed into an integrated structure through an external packaging module with a channel. The integrated structure is a thermoelectric conversion device. One end of the thermoelectric conversion device is connected to a micro blower, and the other end of the thermoelectric conversion device is connected to a micro hose network; the micro air blower provides cooling or The hot air flows to garments designed with a network of microscopic hoses, providing the required heat or cooling throughout the body.
A personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect according to claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric module comprises a three-layer structure, and the intermediate layer monomer is a thermocouple and a guide plate composed of a bismuth telluride semiconductor. It is formed in series, and the two sides of the intermediate layer are alumina ceramic layers.
The personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect according to claim 1, wherein the cooling fan and the thermoelectric module are matched in size, and the cooling fan is provided with a plurality of fan blades.
The personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect according to claim 1, wherein the heat dissipation plate comprises a hot side heat dissipation plate and a cold side heat dissipation plate;

The material of the heat-dissipating plate on the hot side is made of red copper, and the straight-through fin is selected;

The cold-side heat-dissipating plate is made of aluminum or copper, and the fins of the heat-dissipating plate are divided into straight-through one-row, four-row, and multi-row dense teeth; Spacing optimization range is 0.5-1.5mm.
A personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect according to claim 4, wherein,

The overall size of the hot-side cooling plate is 40*40*11mm, the base thickness is 3mm, and there are 25 fins, each with a thickness of 0.5mm;

The fins of the cold-side heat dissipation plate are four rows of fins, with a thickness of 0.8 mm and a spacing of 0.6 mm.
A personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect according to claim 1, wherein the external packaging module comprises a main frame package of the device, and external air inlets respectively communicated with two sides of the main frame package of the device , Encapsulate the back cover and the air outlet;

The external air inlet includes a cylindrical air inlet (4) with a circular hole, a connecting body (5) between the rectangular main frame and the air inlet, a smooth curved surface (6), a reserved hole (7), and an inner air inlet (8). ); the air inlet (4) and the connecting body (5) between the main frame and the air inlet are connected by a smooth curved surface (6); at both ends of the two adjacent sides of the connecting body (5) between the main frame and the air inlet A reserved hole (7) is opened to reserve a line position for the thermoelectric module; in addition, an inner air inlet (8) is also provided on the bottom surface of one side of the connecting body (5) between the main frame and the air inlet;

The main frame of the device is encapsulated in a shell structure, the top of which is provided with a small circular fan exhaust port (12), and the left and right sides of the main frame of the device are symmetrically opened with cooling vents (16) for the second hot-side heat dissipation plate , the rear side of the main frame package of the device is sequentially opened from top to bottom with a small fan line hole (13), a heat dissipation vent (15) of the first hot side heat dissipation plate, and two horizontally symmetrically arranged thermoelectric module line holes ( 14) The corresponding port (17) of the inner air inlet (8); the front side of the main frame package of the device is the front side shell (10), and the front side is the open end surface; The small fan interval (11) is divided into upper and lower sides; the upper side is provided with the heat dissipation main cavity of the hot side heat dissipation plate and the air outlet of the heat dissipation fan; the lower side is provided with the heat exchange main cavity of the cold side heat dissipation plate;

The packaging back cover and the air outlet include a packaging back cover, a connecting smooth curved surface (20), and a circular-hole column air outlet (21). One side of the vertical surface of the L-shaped housing is clamped on the front side housing (10), and the rectangular end protruding from the bottom of the other side of the vertical surface of the L-shaped housing is connected to the round hole column by connecting the smooth curved surface (20). The air outlet (21), in addition, the other side of the vertical surface of the L-shaped casing is also provided with a corresponding opening (22) of the heat dissipation vent (15) of the first hot-side heat dissipation plate.
The personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect according to claim 1, wherein the micro-hose network comprises a bifurcated Y-shaped topology or a wrap-around O-shaped topology.
A thermal management method for a personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: 1) combining a thermoelectric module with a heat dissipation plate and a heat dissipation fan to construct a thermoelectric energy conversion device, and It is encapsulated by an external encapsulation module; 2) A micro air pump is used to guide the air to flow through the thermoelectric energy conversion device through the pipeline for heat exchange, and the heat-exchanged air is sent through the pipeline into the micro-hose network embedded in the wearable clothing; 3) Send the target voltage to the single neuron PID controller, obtain the control parameters output by the controller, and give the control voltage of the thermoelectric module according to the control parameters; 4) Use a microcontroller to control, according to the single neuron PID controller The data presented uses a PWM wave to regulate the power of the thermoelectric module.
The thermal management method of a personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect according to claim 8, wherein in the step 3), a single neuron PID controller has a built-in single neuron PID algorithm, and the single neuron PID controller has a built-in single neuron PID algorithm. The PID control formula composed of the element is:

Δu(k)=K{ω 1 (e(k)-e(k-1))+ω 2 e(k)+ω 3 (e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k- 2))}

In the formula, K is the neuron gain coefficient, e(k) is the deviation signal, x 1 =e(k)-e(k-1), x 2 =e(k), x 3 =e(k)-2e (k-1)+e(k-2), ω i (i=1,2,3) is the weight corresponding to the input x i (i=1,2,3), Δu(k) is the output value increase The weighting coefficient in the formula is adjusted online by using the supervised Hebb learning rule, and then the adaptive function to the uncertainty of the system is realized. The learning algorithm is:

ω 1 (k+1)=ω 1 (k)+η p e(k)u(k)(e(k)+△e(k))

ω 2 (k+1)=ω 2 (k)+η i e(k)u(k)(e(k)+△e(k))

ω 3 (k+1)=ω 3 (k)+η d e(k)u(k)(e(k)+△e(k))

In the formula, η p , η i , η d are the learning rates of the proportional, integral and differential components, respectively;

where x 1 (k), x 2 (k), x 3 (k) are the three parameters required for neuron learning, r(t) and n(k) are the required temperature and actual voltage output, respectively. The expected set temperature value r(k) is used as the input signal, the actual set temperature value n(k) is used as the feedback signal, and e(k) is the temperature deviation signal, that is, e(k)=r(k)-n(k) , x i (k) (i=1, 2, 3) is the input signal of the neuron obtained by converting the temperature error, its weight coefficient is adjusted online by the algorithm, u(k) is the output of the single neuron PID control The signal is used to regulate the voltage signal of the thermoelectric module, send the target voltage to the single neuron PID controller, let the output value of the controller track the target voltage, and supply the output value to the microcontroller to regulate the thermoelectric module.
The thermal management method of a personal thermal comfort device based on the Peltier effect according to claim 8, wherein in the step 4), PWM pulse width modulation is used to output different voltage values to control the thermoelectric module to emit different voltage values. The PWM wave of the microcontroller used in this design can only achieve voltage regulation in the range of 0 to 5V. The PWM module and an external power supply are introduced, which are powered by the external power supply and receive different cycles sent by the microprocessor. , PWM signals with different duty ratios modulate the external power supply introduced, and then output different voltages to supply power to the thermoelectric module.