Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
  • B60K15/01—Arrangement of fuel conduits
  • B60K15/013—Arrangement of fuel conduits of gas conduits
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
  • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
  • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
  • H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
  • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
  • B32B2311/20—Zinc
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
  • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
  • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
  • B60K2015/03309—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels
  • B60K2015/03315—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels for hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
  • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
  • C21D9/14—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes wear-resistant or pressure-resistant pipes

Definitions

• the invention relates to hydrogen-carrying components and lightweight hydrogen distribution systems constructed therefrom, in particular for drive trains of vehicles, which are made of heat-treated steel.
• Fuel for heat engines e.g. gas turbines and internal combustion engines
• fuel cells Fuel for heat engines (e.g. gas turbines and internal combustion engines) and fuel cells.
• H 2 distribution systems e.g. in the power train of a vehicle or in the fuel supply of a stationary power generation plant
• austenitic stainless steel e.g. type 1.4435 less frequently type 1-4571
• nickel content usually >12.5% by mass.
• This class of materials is known to have a face-centered, cubic crystal lattice, which means that the problem of hydrogen embrittlement, which occurs particularly at high gas pressure, can be avoided (cf., for example, Materials Science and Technology, Volume 33, Issue 13 (2017)).
• EP 2 850 215 Bi therefore proposes an austenitic steel without molybdenum and with a reduced nickel content of 6 to 9% by mass.
• the mechanical properties of austenitic steel are often poorly suited to manufacture H 2 distribution systems, especially when modern ones high-pressure tanks are used.
• the austenitic stainless steel of type 1.4435 usually only has a tensile strength of less than 600 MPa, a 0.2% yield point of less than 250 MPa and an elongation of more than 45%.
• the typically high weight of H 2 components made from such a material can be a decisive disadvantage, especially for drive trains of modern H 2 -powered vehicles (eg cars, trucks, rail vehicles, airplanes, ships, drones, etc.).
• austenitic stainless steels are also more difficult to process and/or require unusual processing methods, so that, for example, new production systems have to be installed or existing ones have to be converted at great expense for the mass production of H 2 distribution systems for internal combustion engines or fuel cells.
• new production systems have to be installed or existing ones have to be converted at great expense for the mass production of H 2 distribution systems for internal combustion engines or fuel cells.
• the outlined disadvantages of H 2 distribution systems made of austenitic stainless steel represent a significant hurdle for the large-scale use of H 2 energy technology.
• EP 2 278 035 Bi which has the following composition:
• the present invention provides a hydrogen-conducting component for a fuel distribution system of an energy conversion system, which can be operated in a pressure range of at least 0.1 MPa and comprises a base body, at least one gas line in the base body and at least one gas inlet and at least one gas outlet are in fluid connection via the at least one gas line.
• the base body is essentially made of tempered steel with the following composition:
• the heat-treated steel from which the base body is essentially made also has the following properties:
• material properties are to be determined according to the relevant industry standards (e.g. according to ISO 6892-1).
• the term “substantially” is to be understood as “within typical design, measurement and/or manufacturing tolerances”. It is also to be understood that, depending on whether the heat-treated steel is obtained from ores or from recycling material, there can be different accompanying steel elements.
• the hydrogen-carrying component specified above may be, for example, a pipe (see Fig. 2), a valve (see Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B), a T-piece, a pressure reducer, a filter, a flow restrictor or a common manifold (e.g. Fig. i) be or combine at least two of these functions in a common component.
• the main body of the component can be constructed in such a way that it withstands an internal gas pressure of at least 30 MPa, preferably at least 70 MPa and more preferably at least 100 MPa in continuous operation.
• the part of the base body that encloses the gas line can have a maximum wall thickness in the range of only 0.8 mm-9 mm, preferably in the range of 1 mm-6 mm and more preferably in the range of 1 mm-5 mm.
• H 2 distribution systems can thus be manufactured from such components which, compared to the prior art, are significantly lighter in weight, but are nevertheless resistant to (high) pressure and to hydrogen-induced embrittlement and are easy to process (e.g. CNC milling, drilling, bending and/or welding). In contrast to the state of the art, it is also possible to fall back on manufacturing processes that have been tried and tested over many years and are also used, for example, in the manufacture of diesel drive trains.
• the resistance to hydrogen-induced embrittlement of the components and distribution systems described here is improved even further as a result can that the tempered steel on the inside of at least one gas line has a fault depth of at most 5% of the wall thickness.
• the defect depth can be at most 200 ⁇ m, preferably at most 130 ⁇ m.
• the carbon content of the heat-treated steel of the base body is in the range from 0.18 to 0.33% by mass, preferably in the range from 0.22 to 0 .29% by mass.
• embrittlement resistance of the components and distribution systems described can be further improved by the fact that the phosphorus content of the tempered steel is less than or equal to 0.025% by mass and/or the sulfur content of the tempered steel is less than or equal to 0.010% by mass.
• the tensile strength of the heat-treated steel can be in the range of 700 MPa to 950 MPa, preferably in the range of 750 MPa to 950 MPa, even more preferably in the range from 750 MPa to 900 MPa, and / or the yield point or the 0.2% yield strength of the tempering steel in the range from 600 MPa - 850 MPa, more preferably in the range from 650 MPa to 800 MPa and/or the elongation at break of the heat-treated steel is in the range from 13% to 30%, preferably in the range from 14% to 28% and even more preferably in the range from 15% to 25%.
• the components described can have at least two sub-units, which are connected by at least one welded and/or at least one soldered connection.
• an outer surface of the base body of the respective component can be coated with at least one of the following coatings: a zinc-nickel coating; one electroplating; a coating produced by electrophoretic deposition or a powder coating.
• the selected coating can be corrosion-resistant (e.g. against red rust) for at least 96 hours, preferably for at least 150 hours and more preferably for at least 720 hours in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9227, in order to ensure continuous use of the components and systems described outdoors and in difficult weather conditions To be able to guarantee environmental conditions (e.g. spray water with road salt dissolved in it).
• corrosion-resistant e.g. against red rust
• the material properties of the tempered steel from which the base body of the hydrogen-carrying components described above is essentially made can be achieved, for example, by cold forming a suitable starting material (e.g. a hot tube or similar semi-finished product) in a first step in order to achieve the to obtain the desired mechanical strength. Subsequently, the formed starting material can be subjected to an annealing process in order to obtain the desired mechanical properties specified above. Finally, for quality control, the resulting properties of the material can be determined and suitable semi-finished products can be selected.
• a suitable starting material e.g. a hot tube or similar semi-finished product
• the present invention provides a hydrogen distribution system for an energy conversion system which has at least a first hydrogen-conducting component as described above and preferably at least a second hydrogen-conducting component as described above, the two components being in fluid communication together - for example via a screw connection, a compression head with a union nut and/or a welded connection and/or a soldered connection.
• such a hydrogen distribution system can include a high-pressure section and preferably a low-pressure section and a pressure reducer that connects the high-pressure section to the low-pressure section, the high-pressure section being designed for an operating pressure of at least 30 MPa, preferably at least 70 MPa and more preferably at least 100 MPa.
• the high-pressure section can include one or more of the following components: an outer tank valve or an inner tank valve, a filter, a check valve, a pressure relief valve, at least one filling line and at least one extraction line; a coalescing filter, a tee; a filler neck, a common manifold and a solenoid valve.
• H 2 vehicles such as airplanes, drones, trains, ships or motor vehicles with H 2 drives and/or H 2 power generation systems.
• a stationary or mobile energy conversion system can have the following components; a hydrogen feed line or tank, a hydrogen internal combustion engine, a hydrogen gas turbine and/or a fuel cell; and a hydrogen distribution system as described above, which directs the hydrogen from the supply line or the tank to the internal combustion engine, the gas turbine and/or the fuel cell.
• an H 2 propulsion system for a vehicle can comprise at least one high-pressure hydrogen tank, a hydrogen internal combustion engine, a hydrogen gas turbine and/or a fuel cell and a hydrogen distribution system as described above, the hydrogen distribution system transporting the hydrogen from the at least one high-pressure hydrogen tank to the internal combustion engine, the gas turbine and/or or the fuel cell conducts.
• 1 shows a subsystem of a hydrogen distribution system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention
• 2 shows a Z-shaped hydrogen distribution pipe with upsetting heads and union nuts according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 3A shows a check valve for a valve assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 3B shows a longitudinal section through the valve body of the valve of FIG. 3A
• a few exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below using the example of a few exemplary distribution systems and components for H 2 drive trains of a motor vehicle.
• the present invention can also be used in other vehicles such as ships, trains, airplanes or drones, as well as in mobile or stationary systems for energy conversion or power generation.
• Various combinations of features are described here with reference to the illustrated embodiments of the present invention. Of course, not all features of the described embodiments have to be present in order to implement the present invention.
• the embodiments may be modified by combining certain features of one embodiment with one or more features of another embodiment - if this is technically compatible and reasonable - without departing from the disclosure and scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
• the distribution system comprises a common distributor 110 with two gas inlet connections 112 which are fed via two gas supply lines 120 .
• the gas supply lines 120 have a Outside diameter of io mm and an inside diameter of 7 mm (see cross section 170 of the gas supply line 120).
• the wall thickness of the two supply lines 120 is therefore 1.5 mm in this embodiment.
• the common distributor 110 can be fastened to the internal combustion engine, for example, by means of fastening blocks 140 (for example by means of screw connections). Since the fastening blocks 140 do not come into contact with the hydrogen, they can also be made from a different material than the base body of the hydrogen-carrying components of the H 2 distribution system shown (see section 2 above).
• the common manifold 110 also includes four output ports 114, each of which is connected to an H 2 manifold 130 that supplies H 2 gas to an associated injector of the associated combustion cylinder (not shown).
• the distribution pipes 130 have an outside diameter of 6.35 mm and an inside diameter of 4 mm. The wall thickness of the distribution pipes 130 is thus 1.125 mm (see cross section 160 of the distribution pipes 120).
• the distribution system shown and in particular the tube diameters of the gas supply lines 120 and the distribution tubes 130 are designed for operation with an H 2 high-pressure tank with a gas pressure of 30 MPa.
• the present invention also includes H 2 components and H 2 distribution systems that are designed for higher operating pressures (eg 70 MPa or 100 MPa).
• the pipe 210 can be connected to other components of an H 2 distribution system via two upsetting heads 222 with union nuts 220 .
• the material properties of the heat-treated steel from which the main body of the distribution pipe 210 (and, if necessary, the upsetting heads and union nuts) are made make it possible to manufacture heavily bent pipes with tight bending radii without impairing the pressure resistance of the distribution pipe 210.
• the bending radius can be in the range of 1.5 to 2.2 of the pipe diameter.
• the outer surface of the main body of the distributor pipe 210 (and possibly the outer surfaces of the upset heads 222 and the union nuts 220) has a coating coated.
• a coating coated for example, as described above, a zinc-nickel coating, a galvanic coating, a coating produced by electrophoretic deposition (eg a cathodic dip coating) or a powder coating can be used for this purpose.
• Such a coating is preferably corrosion-resistant for at least 96 hours, more preferably for at least 150 hours and even more preferably for at least 720 hours in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9227 (eg against red rust).
• Such a coating can also be used for the H 2 components shown in FIG. 1 or for other H 2 components as described above.
• FIG. 3A shows another hydrogen-conducting H 2 component according to another embodiment of the present invention.
• This is a check valve 310 that can be used, for example, in a valve assembly 312 or a filling line (not shown).
• the check valve 310 comprises a valve body 320 with an axially arranged gas inlet 340 and two radially arranged gas outlets 330 as well as a closure cap 335.
• valve base body 320 and, if applicable, the closure cap 335 are made of heat-treated steel as described in Section 2 above. This makes it possible to produce non-return valves with a small wall thickness and good H 2 embrittlement properties, which are pressure-resistant and have a lower weight compared to the prior art and which can also be produced easily.
• the main body 320 of the check valve 310 can be CNC milled and/or drilled in a simple manner, for example, without its H 2 compatibility and pressure resistance being impaired. Small wall thicknesses (e.g. in the range from 0.8 mm to 5 mm) can be realized and high pressure resistance in continuous operation and an operating pressure of up to 100 MPa or more can still be guaranteed.
• FIG. 3B shows a longitudinal section through the base body 320 of the check valve 310 from FIG. 3A.
• the gas flow from the gas inlet 340 to the two gas outlets 330 is illustrated by the dashed arrow.
• the valve is closed by a return spring 350 pressing a metal sealing ball 360 against a sealing surface of the valve body 320 . If the H 2 - When the gas pressure at the gas inlet 340 meets the sealing pressure provided by the check spring 350, the check valve opens and the H 2 gas can flow from the gas inlet 340 to the two gas outlets 330.
• Sealing ball 360 and possibly the return spring 350 are made of heat-treated steel as described in Section 2 above. This makes it possible to manufacture H 2 -compatible and high-pressure-resistant check valves (as well as other valve types or H 2 components) that are lightweight and very well suited for mass production.
• the weight reduction and efficiency gains made possible by the present invention can therefore make a substantial contribution to helping environmentally friendly H 2 energy technology to achieve a breakthrough.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)
• Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
• Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
• External Artificial Organs (AREA)
• Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-01-20 EP EP21152585.2A patent/EP4032999B1/de active Active
  • 2021-01-20 EP EP24171871.7A patent/EP4415084A3/de active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-01-20 KR KR1020237027715A patent/KR20230169937A/ko active Pending
  • 2022-01-20 WO PCT/EP2022/051238 patent/WO2022157247A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2022-01-20 JP JP2023544289A patent/JP2024506257A/ja active Pending
  • 2022-01-20 US US18/262,307 patent/US20250297346A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-01-20 CN CN202280013287.4A patent/CN117083409A/zh active Pending

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