WO2022154041A1 - 積層体、その製造方法およびプリプレグ - Google Patents
積層体、その製造方法およびプリプレグ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022154041A1 WO2022154041A1 PCT/JP2022/000869 JP2022000869W WO2022154041A1 WO 2022154041 A1 WO2022154041 A1 WO 2022154041A1 JP 2022000869 W JP2022000869 W JP 2022000869W WO 2022154041 A1 WO2022154041 A1 WO 2022154041A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flame retardant
- retardant filler
- prepreg
- resin
- mass
- Prior art date
Links
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 160
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- AFEQENGXSMURHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethanamine Chemical compound NCC1CO1 AFEQENGXSMURHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- PISLZQACAJMAIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethyl-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(CC)=C1N PISLZQACAJMAIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004202 aminomethyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- CVNKFOIOZXAFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Sn+4] CVNKFOIOZXAFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium dihydride Chemical compound [ZrH2] QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000568 zirconium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HGXVKAPCSIXGAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethyl-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine;4,6-diethyl-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCC1=CC(CC)=C(N)C(C)=C1N.CCC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(CC)=C1N HGXVKAPCSIXGAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPAQFJJCWGSXGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-n-(4-aminophenyl)benzamide Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 XPAQFJJCWGSXGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/249—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/286—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polysulphones; polysulfides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate, a method for producing the same, and a prepreg.
- Reinforced fibers especially carbon fiber composite materials consisting of carbon fiber and matrix resin, have excellent mechanical properties, so they include sports equipment such as golf clubs, tennis rackets and fishing rods, structural materials such as aircraft and vehicles, and concrete. It is used in a wide range of fields such as structural reinforcement. In recent years, not only excellent mechanical properties but also carbon fiber has conductivity, so it is also used for housings of electronic and electrical equipment such as notebook computers and video cameras, thinning the housing and reducing the weight of the equipment. It is useful for such things.
- Such a carbon fiber reinforced composite material is often obtained by laminating a prepreg obtained by impregnating a reinforcing fiber with a thermosetting resin.
- carbon fiber reinforced composite materials especially in structural materials and interior materials such as aircraft and vehicles, it is strongly required that the materials have flame retardancy so that the materials do not ignite and burn due to fire. There is. Also in electronic and electrical equipment applications, flame retardancy of materials is required in order to prevent accidents in which housings and parts ignite and burn when exposed to heat generated from inside the equipment or high temperatures outside.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for improving flame retardancy, a method of blending a flame retardant with a thermosetting resin is widely used (for example, Patent Document 1). However, it is necessary to reduce the mixing amount of the filler because the portion of the filler becomes the starting point of fracture and the mechanical properties are deteriorated.
- Patent Document 2 a technique of a laminated body in which a prepreg mixed with a flame retardant filler is laminated on both surfaces of a surface layer portion is disclosed (for example, Patent Document 2). Further, a prepreg technique is disclosed in which a flame retardant filler is blended on one side of the prepreg and a cyanate ester resin having a high flame retardant effect is used on the other side (for example, Patent Document 3).
- the laminated body in which the flame retardant filler is laminated on both surfaces of the surface portion which is the technique of Patent Document 2
- the prepreg which is a technique of Patent Document 3 in which a flame retardant filler is mixed on one side and a flame retardant resin is used on the other side
- both flame retardancy and physical properties can be achieved, but both sides of the prepreg shrink with different resins.
- There is a problem in the moldability of the laminated body such as peeling due to the difference.
- the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, to provide a laminate which is a lightweight fiber-reinforced composite material capable of exhibiting excellent flame retardancy and maintaining mechanical properties, and also to provide such a fiber-reinforced composite material. It is an object of the present invention to provide a prepreg suitable for obtaining a composite material.
- the present invention for solving such a problem has the following configuration. That is, in a laminate containing fibers, a matrix resin and a flame retardant filler, when the area occupied by the flame retardant filler in the entire 45 ° cross section in a cross section of 45 ° with respect to the fiber direction is 100%, one of them.
- the area occupied by the flame-retardant filler in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface of the laminate is 70% or more, and the area of the flame-retardant filler in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface in the 45 ° cross section is A, and the matrix resin area is B.
- it is characterized in that it is a laminated body in which the following relational expression holds. 0.01 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 0.2
- the thickness is 4 mm or more.
- the average particle size of the flame retardant filler is larger than the fiber diameter and 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the flame retardant filler contains a phosphorus atom.
- the flame retardant filler contains 60% by mass or more of red phosphorus.
- a part or all of the fibers are woven fabrics.
- the fiber contained in the outermost layer on the side where the area occupied by the flame retardant filler in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface is 70% or more is the woven fabric.
- the prepreg containing a fiber, a matrix resin and a flame retardant filler, and the uneven distribution rate of the flame retardant filler in a cross section of 45 ° with respect to the fiber direction is 66% or more, and the flame retardant filler area in the cross section is A.
- the matrix resin area is B
- the prepreg holds the following relational expression. 0.01 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 0.15.
- the flame retardant filler contains a phosphorus atom.
- the flame retardant filler contains 60% by mass or more of red phosphorus.
- 1.5 to 25 parts by mass of the flame retardant filler is contained in 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin in the matrix resin.
- the average particle size of the flame retardant filler is larger than the fiber diameter and 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the fiber form is a woven fabric.
- the composition of the matrix resin is composed of an epoxy resin [A], an amine-based curing agent [B], a flame retardant filler [C] and a thermoplastic resin [D], and described above.
- One side of the prepreg satisfies the following conditions [a] and [b], and the other side satisfies the following conditions [a] and [c].
- the epoxy resin [A] When the total amount of the epoxy resin [A] is 100 parts by mass, the epoxy resin [A] contains 30 to 100 parts by mass of the glycidylamine type epoxy resin [A1] [b]
- the matrix resin is the epoxy resin [ A] With respect to 100 parts by mass, the flame retardant filler [C] is contained in an amount of 3 to 50 parts by mass and the thermoplastic resin [D] is contained in an amount of 10 to 20 parts by mass. [C]
- the matrix resin contains 10 to 20 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin [D] with respect to 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin [A].
- the laminated body is manufactured by laminating the prepreg so that the unevenly distributed side of the flame retardant filler becomes the outermost layer.
- Fiber-reinforced composite materials such as laminates and laminates obtained from prepregs of the present invention are suitable for aircraft applications.
- the laminate of the present invention is a laminate containing fibers, a matrix resin and a flame retardant filler, and the area occupied by the flame retardant filler in the entire cross section of 45 ° with respect to the fiber direction is 100%.
- the area occupied by the flame-retardant filler in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface of one of the laminates is 70% or more
- the area of the flame-retardant filler in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface in the 45 ° cross section is A, matrix.
- the resin area is B, the following relational expression holds. 0.01 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 0.2 ... (1).
- the laminate of the present invention has a cross section of 45 ° with respect to the fiber direction, and when the area occupied by the flame retardant filler in the entire 45 ° cross section is 100%, the flame retardant in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface of one of the laminates.
- the area occupied by the filler is 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more.
- the cross section may be in any direction, but by cutting at 45 ° with respect to a certain fiber direction, the fibers in the 0 ° and 90 ° directions have the same cross-sectional shape, and the abundance ratio of the fiber, resin, and flame retardant filler can be reduced without large error. Can be predicted.
- the area occupied by the flame retardant filler is 70% or more, the flame retardancy of the laminated body can be efficiently exhibited.
- the ratio of the flame retardant filler is evaluated according to the area measurement method described in Examples.
- the formula (1) is 0.01 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 0.2, preferably 0.015 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 0.18, and more preferably 0.02 ⁇ A /. B ⁇ 0.16. If the A / B value exceeds 0.01, sufficient flame retardancy can be exhibited. The value of A / B should be large, but it is controlled so that the upper limit is less than 0.2.
- the flame retardant filler area and the matrix resin area are evaluated according to the area measurement method described in Examples.
- the laminate of the present invention preferably has a thickness of 4 mm or more.
- the thickness is 4 mm or more, the influence of the flame retardant filler on the surface layer on the mechanical properties is reduced, and the mechanical properties can be maintained while exhibiting excellent flame retardancy.
- the average particle size of the flame retardant filler is larger than the fiber diameter and 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the flame retardant filler is less likely to be impregnated into the fiber layer when the resin is impregnated into the fiber layer, and remains on the surface layer to exhibit high flame retardancy.
- the total surface area of the flame retardant filler is sufficiently large, and a high flame retardant effect can be exhibited.
- the fiber diameter and the average particle size of the flame retardant filler are evaluated according to the calculation method described in Examples.
- the flame retardant filler contains a phosphorus atom. Since the flame retardant filler contains a phosphorus atom, it is difficult to generate harmful gas during combustion and a high flame retardant effect can be exhibited.
- the flame retardant filler preferably contains 60% by mass or more of red phosphorus.
- the flame retardant filler contains 60% by mass or more of red phosphorus, the phosphorus concentration per unit area of the filler is increased, and a higher flame retardant effect can be exhibited.
- the laminate of the present invention is a woven fabric in part or all of the fibers. Since the form of the fiber is a woven fabric, even if a flame retardant filler is added, the mechanical properties are not easily affected, and the flame retardancy can be improved.
- the fiber contained in the outermost layer on the side where the area occupied by the flame retardant filler in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface is 70% or more is a woven fabric.
- the outermost layer is a layer arranged on the outermost side of the laminated body. Since the fiber contained in the outermost layer is a woven fabric, even if a flame retardant filler is added, the mechanical properties are less likely to be affected, and the flame retardancy can be improved.
- the matrix resin contains an epoxy resin and a curing agent.
- the epoxy resin examples include glycidyl ether type epoxy resins such as liquid bisphenol A type epoxy resin, liquid bisphenol F type epoxy resin, solid bisphenol A type epoxy resin, solid bisphenol S type epoxy resin, and aliphatic epoxy resin, and glycidyl amine type epoxy.
- a resin, a glycidyl ester type epoxy resin, a glycidyl amine type epoxy resin, a rubber-modified epoxy resin, or the like can be preferably used.
- "liquid” means thing which shows fluidity at 25 degreeC.
- the above curing agent is an amine-based curing agent.
- the amine-based curing agent refers to a compound having a nitrogen atom in the curing agent molecule.
- the curing agent is not particularly specified as long as it contains a nitrogen atom in the molecule.
- 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, and the like.
- Aromatic polyamine compounds with active hydrogens such as m-phenylenediamine, m-xylylene diamine, diethyltoluenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, isophoronediamine, bis (aminomethyl) norbornan, bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane.
- An aliphatic amine having active hydrogen such as dimer acid ester of polyethyleneimine, a modified amine obtained by reacting an amine having these active hydrogen with a compound such as an epoxy compound, acrylonitrile, phenol and formaldehyde, or thiourea, N.
- N-dimethylaniline N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, 2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol and mono-substituted imidazole-free tertiary amines, dicyandiamide, tetramethylguanidine, adipine
- polycarboxylic acid hydrazides such as acid hydrazide and naphthalenecarboxylic acid hydrazide
- Lewis acid complexes such as boron trifluoride ethylamine complex.
- the amine-based curing agent is a thermoactive type because of its stability in the resin compounding process, storage stability at room temperature, and stability against the heat history received in the process of impregnating fibers such as carbon fibers with a matrix resin. It is preferable to have the potential of.
- the latent state of the heat-active type means a state in which the activity is low as it is, but changes to a state in which the activity is high by undergoing a phase change or a chemical change by receiving a certain heat history. ..
- thermoplastic resin can be further added to the matrix resin in order to control viscoelasticity and impart toughness.
- thermoplastic resins are selected from polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl acetals such as polyvinyl formal and polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, aromatic vinyl monomers, vinyl cyanide monomers, and rubbery polymers.
- examples thereof include polymers, polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyarylene oxides, polysulfones, polyether sulfones, polyimides, and phenoxy resins having at least two kinds of constituents.
- polyvinyl formal and polyether sulfone are preferably used because they have good compatibility with many types of epoxy resins and have a large effect of controlling the fluidity of the matrix resin.
- thermoplastic resin component is preferably contained in an amount of 5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin. Within this range, both the drape property of the prepreg and the flame retardancy of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material can be achieved.
- phosphorus-containing compounds red phosphorus, nitrogen-containing compounds, metal hydroxides, and metal oxides can be preferably used.
- red phosphorus As the red phosphorus, a crushed product, a product processed so that the highly active cleavage surface does not appear on the surface, a product coated to improve stability, etc. may be used, or various other commercially available products may be used. good.
- nitrogen-containing compound examples include melamine derivatives such as melamine, melamine cyanurate, and melamine isocyanurate.
- metal hydroxide examples include aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, tin hydroxide, zirconium hydride and the like.
- metal oxides examples include magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide.
- red phosphorus and other phosphorus-containing compounds are used in combination, for example, red phosphorus and metal hydroxide, red phosphorus and phosphoric acid ester, red phosphorus and nitrogen-containing compound, and a plurality of types of non-halogen flame retardants are used in combination. It is also possible.
- the red phosphorus not only untreated red phosphorus but also one in which the surface of the red phosphorus is coated with a metal hydrate and a resin to improve the stability is used.
- the metal hydrate include aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, titanium hydroxide and the like.
- the type of resin and the amount of coating film are not particularly limited, but as the resin, a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, a polymethyl methacrylate, etc., which have a high affinity with the epoxy resin, are preferable.
- the coating amount is preferably 1% by mass or more with respect to red phosphorus. The larger the amount of the coating film is, the more preferable it is in terms of stability, but it is preferable that the amount does not exceed 40% by mass from the viewpoint of flame retardancy.
- one or a combination of two or more other flame retardants may be used in order to improve the flame retardancy.
- the fiber may be referred to as a reinforcing fiber.
- carbon fiber By using carbon fiber as the reinforcing fiber, excellent flame retardancy, strength, and impact resistance can be exhibited in the fiber-reinforced composite material.
- any known carbon fiber can be used, but one having a strand elastic modulus of 200 GPa or more and 450 GPa or less in the strand tensile test is preferably used.
- the strand tensile test is a test performed based on JIS R7601 (1986).
- the number of filaments of carbon fibers is preferably 2,000 to 50,000, more preferably 2,500 to 40, from the viewpoint that the fiber arrangement does not meander and resin impregnation is likely to occur during prepreg production or molding. It is 000.
- the carbon fibers used in the laminate of the present invention are classified into polyacrylonitrile-based, rayon-based and pitch-based carbon fibers. Of these, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers having high tensile strength are preferably used.
- the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber can be produced, for example, through the following steps. A spinning stock solution containing polyacrylonitrile obtained from a monomer containing acrylonitrile as a main component is spun by a wet spinning method, a dry wet spinning method, a dry spinning method, or a melt spinning method. The coagulated yarn after spinning can be used as a precursor through a yarn-making step, and then carbon fibers can be obtained through steps such as flame resistance and carbonization.
- the form and arrangement of carbon fibers can be appropriately selected from long fibers and woven fabrics aligned in one direction, but in order to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced composite material that is lightweight and has a higher level of durability, carbon fibers are used. , It is preferable that the fibers are in the form of continuous fibers such as long fibers (fiber bundles) and woven fabrics that are aligned in one direction.
- the term "long fiber” as used herein means a fiber having an average length of 10 mm or more.
- the carbon fiber bundle used in the laminate of the present invention does not cause damage to the carbon fiber bundle at the time of twisting or in the impregnation treatment step of the resin composition, and the carbon fiber bundle is sufficiently impregnated with the resin composition.
- the fiber fineness is preferably 0.2 to 2.0 dtex, more preferably 0.4 to 1.8 dtex.
- the laminate of the present invention can be obtained by laminating a prepreg obtained by impregnating long fibers or woven fabrics in which carbon fibers are aligned in one direction with a mixture of a matrix resin and a flame retardant filler, and then curing the prepreg.
- Such a prepreg can be produced by various known methods.
- the matrix resin is dissolved in an organic solvent selected from acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol, etc. to reduce the viscosity, and the reinforcing fibers are impregnated with the wet method, or the matrix resin is reduced in viscosity by heating without using an organic solvent.
- a prepreg can be produced by a method such as a hot melt method in which reinforcing fibers are impregnated.
- the reinforcing fibers can be obtained by immersing the reinforcing fibers in a liquid containing a matrix resin, pulling them up, and evaporating the organic solvent using an oven or the like.
- a method of directly impregnating the reinforcing fibers with a matrix resin whose viscosity has been reduced by heating, or a release paper sheet with a resin film in which the matrix resin is once coated on a release paper or the like hereinafter,
- film (Sometimes referred to as "film") is first produced, and then a resin film is laminated on the reinforcing fiber side from both sides or one side of the reinforcing fiber, and the reinforcing fiber is impregnated with the matrix resin by heating and pressurizing. ..
- the hot melt method in which the reinforcing fibers are impregnated with the matrix resin without using the organic solvent is preferably used.
- the prepreg in the present invention preferably has a reinforcing fiber amount of 70 to 2000 g / m 2 per unit area.
- the amount of the reinforcing fibers is in the range of 70 to 2000 g / m 2 , the drapeability of the prepreg is excellent, and when molding the fiber-reinforced composite material, the number of laminated prepregs for obtaining a predetermined thickness becomes appropriate. It has excellent workability.
- the mass content of the reinforcing fibers in the prepreg is preferably 30 to 90% by mass, more preferably 35 to 85% by mass, and further preferably 40 to 80% by mass.
- the mass content of the reinforcing fibers in the prepreg is 30% by mass or more, a fiber-reinforced composite material having excellent specific strength and specific elastic modulus can be obtained, or the amount of heat generated by curing when molding the fiber-reinforced composite material. Can be suppressed.
- the mass content of the reinforcing fibers in the prepreg is 90% by mass or less, the reinforcing fibers are sufficiently impregnated with the matrix resin, and a void-free laminate can be obtained.
- the laminate of the present invention can be produced as an example of a method in which the above-mentioned prepregs are laminated in a predetermined form and heated and pressed to cure the matrix resin.
- Examples of the method of applying heat and pressure include a press molding method, an autoclave molding method, a bagging molding method, and an internal pressure molding method.
- the reinforcing fibers are directly impregnated with the above-mentioned matrix resin and then heat-cured, for example, by a molding method such as a hand lay-up method, a filament winding method, or a resin transfer molding method. Can also produce a laminate.
- the prepreg When laminating the prepreg, it is preferable to laminate the prepreg mixed with the flame retardant filler so that it comes to the outermost layer on one surface.
- the reason for this is that combustion proceeds from the outermost surface of the laminate, and it is most effective to enhance the flame retardancy of the outermost surface.
- the structure of the laminated body is not particularly limited, but when the thickness of the laminated body is 4 mm or less, the fibers and the matrix resin are in the thickness direction in order to prevent deformation due to the shrinkage difference when the resin is cooled after curing. It is desirable to be symmetrical.
- the flame retardant filler in the prepreg on the outermost surface of the laminate is unevenly distributed.
- the prepreg of the present invention is a prepreg containing a fiber, a matrix resin and a flame retardant filler, and the uneven distribution rate of the flame retardant filler in a cross section of 45 ° with respect to the fiber direction is 66% or more, and the flame retardant filler in the cross section.
- the area is A
- the matrix resin area is B
- the following relational expression holds. 0.01 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 0.15 ... (1).
- the uneven distribution rate of the flame retardant filler in the cross section at 45 ° with respect to the fiber direction is 66% or more, preferably 75% or more, and more preferably 80% or more.
- the uneven distribution rate of the flame retardant filler is 66% or more, the flame retardancy of the laminated body can be efficiently exhibited.
- Such uneven distribution rate is evaluated according to the area measurement method described in Examples.
- the formula (1) is more preferably 0.015 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 0.12, and even more preferably 0.02 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 0.10.
- the fibers in the 0 ° and 90 ° directions have the same cross-sectional shape, and the abundance ratio of the fiber, resin, and flame retardant filler can be predicted without a large error. If the A / B value exceeds 0.01, sufficient flame retardancy can be exhibited. The value of A / B should be large, but it is controlled so that the upper limit is less than 0.15.
- the flame retardant filler area and the matrix resin area are evaluated according to the area measurement method described in Examples.
- the flame retardant filler contains a phosphorus atom. Since the flame retardant filler contains a phosphorus atom, a high flame retardant effect can be exhibited without generating harmful gas during combustion.
- the prepreg of the present invention preferably contains a flame retardant filler of 60% by mass or more of red phosphorus.
- a flame retardant filler of 60% by mass or more of red phosphorus.
- the flame retardant filler is preferably 1.5 to 25 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 23 parts by mass, and further preferably 2.5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin contained in the matrix resin. Included by mass. Sufficient flame retardancy can be exhibited when the flame retardant filler is 1.5 parts by mass or more. Although the amount of the flame retardant filler should be large, it is preferable to control the amount so that the upper limit is 25 parts by mass.
- the prepreg of the present invention preferably has an average particle size of the flame retardant filler larger than the fiber diameter and 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the flame retardant filler does not impregnate the fiber layer but remains on the surface layer when the resin is impregnated into the fiber layer, and high flame retardancy is exhibited. Further, when it is 60 ⁇ m or less, the total surface area of the flame retardant filler is sufficiently large, and a high flame retardant effect can be exhibited.
- the average particle size of the flame retardant filler is evaluated according to the calculation method described in Examples.
- the prepreg of the present invention preferably has a woven fiber form. Since the fiber is a woven fabric, even if a flame retardant filler is added, the flame retardancy can be improved without affecting the mechanical properties.
- the laminate produced by using the prepreg of the present invention is laminated so that the unevenly distributed side of the flame retardant filler is the outermost layer. Since the unevenly distributed side of the flame retardant filler comes to the outermost layer, combustion starting from the surface layer can be greatly suppressed.
- the prepreg of the present invention has a matrix resin composed of an epoxy resin [A], an amine-based curing agent [B], a flame retardant filler [C] and a thermoplastic resin [D], and one side of the prepreg has the following conditions. It is preferable that [a] and [b] are satisfied, and the other side satisfies the following conditions [a] and [c].
- the epoxy resin [A] contains 30 to 100 parts by mass of the glycidylamine type epoxy resin [A1]
- the matrix resin is the epoxy resin [ A]
- the matrix resin containing 3 to 50 parts by mass of the flame retardant filler [C] and 10 to 20 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin [D] with respect to 100 parts by mass of the flame retardant filler [C] is an epoxy resin [A] 100.
- the thermoplastic resin [D] is contained in an amount of 10 to 20 parts by mass with respect to parts by mass.
- the flame retardant filler can be unevenly distributed on the combustion side, which is highly difficult. Can exert flammability.
- the above component [A] contains a glycidylamine type epoxy resin [A1].
- the glycidylamine type epoxy resin [A1] is preferably a tetraglycidylaminodiphenylmethane resin.
- [A] when the total amount of [A] is 100 parts by mass, [A] contains 30 to 100 parts by mass of [A1].
- Examples of the above [A1] include tetraglycidylaminodiphenylmethane resin.
- [A1] may be used alone or in combination with other epoxy resins.
- the epoxy resin [A] in the present invention may contain an epoxy resin other than the epoxy resin [A1].
- an epoxy resin other than the epoxy resin [A1] for example, a liquid bisphenol A type epoxy resin, a liquid bisphenol F type epoxy resin, or a solid bisphenol A type epoxy.
- a resin, a glycidyl ether type epoxy resin such as a solid bisphenol S type epoxy resin or an aliphatic epoxy resin, a glycidyl ester type epoxy resin, a glycidyl amine type epoxy resin, a rubber-modified epoxy resin, or the like may be blended.
- "liquid” means thing which shows fluidity at 25 degreeC.
- the component [B] in the present invention is an amine-based curing agent.
- the amine-based curing agent refers to a compound having a nitrogen atom in the curing agent molecule.
- the curing agent is not particularly specified as long as it contains a nitrogen atom in the molecule.
- 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, and the like.
- Aromatic polyamine compounds with active hydrogens such as m-phenylenediamine, m-xylylene diamine, diethyltoluenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, isophoronediamine, bis (aminomethyl) norbornan, bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane.
- An aliphatic amine having active hydrogen such as dimer acid ester of polyethyleneimine, a modified amine obtained by reacting an amine having these active hydrogen with a compound such as an epoxy compound, acrylonitrile, phenol and formaldehyde, or thiourea, N.
- N-dimethylaniline N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, 2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol and mono-substituted imidazole-free tertiary amines, dicyandiamide, tetramethylguanidine, adipine
- polycarboxylic acid hydrazides such as acid hydrazide and naphthalenecarboxylic acid hydrazide
- Lewis acid complexes such as boron trifluoride ethylamine complex.
- the amine-based curing agent [B] in the present invention has stability in the resin compounding process, storage stability at room temperature, and stability against heat history received in the process of impregnating fibers such as carbon fibers with a matrix resin. Therefore, it is preferable to have the potential of the thermoactive type.
- the latent state of the heat-active type means a state in which the activity is low as it is, but changes to a state in which the activity is high by undergoing a phase change or a chemical change by receiving a certain heat history. ..
- the amine-based curing agent [B] preferably has a diphenylsulfone skeleton.
- a curing agent having a diphenylsulfone skeleton By using a curing agent having a diphenylsulfone skeleton, a cured resin product having good heat resistance and a bending elastic modulus of the cured resin product can be obtained.
- various isomers of diaminodiphenyl sulfone are the most suitable curing agents because a cured resin product having good heat resistance and a good flexural modulus of the cured resin product can be obtained.
- Examples of the isomer of diaminodiphenyl sulfone include 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone.
- amine-based curing agents [B] include 4,4'-DABAN, 3,4'-DABAN (all manufactured by Nippon Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd.) and Seika Cure S (manufactured by Wakayama Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- a phosphorus-containing compound, red phosphorus, a nitrogen-containing compound, a metal hydroxide, and a metal oxide can be preferably used.
- red phosphorus As the red phosphorus, a crushed product, a product processed so that a highly active cleavage surface does not appear on the surface, a product coated to improve stability, etc. may be used, and various other commercially available products may be used. May be good.
- nitrogen-containing compound examples include melamine derivatives such as melamine, melamine cyanurate, and melamine isocyanurate.
- metal hydroxide examples include aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, tin hydroxide, zirconium hydride and the like.
- metal oxides examples include magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide.
- red phosphorus and other phosphorus-containing compounds are used in combination, for example, red phosphorus and metal hydroxide, red phosphorus and phosphoric acid ester, red phosphorus and nitrogen-containing compound, and a plurality of types of non-halogen flame retardants are used in combination. It is also possible.
- the red phosphorus not only untreated red phosphorus but also one in which the surface of the red phosphorus is coated with a metal hydrate and a resin to improve the stability is used.
- the metal hydrate include aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, titanium hydroxide and the like.
- the type of resin and the amount of coating film are not particularly limited, but as the resin, a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, a polymethyl methacrylate, etc., which have a high affinity with the epoxy resin used in the present invention, are preferable.
- the coating amount is preferably 1% by mass or more with respect to red phosphorus. The larger the amount of the coating film is, the more preferable it is in terms of stability, but it is preferable that the amount does not exceed 40% by mass from the viewpoint of flame retardancy.
- one or a combination of two or more other flame retardants may be used in order to improve the flame retardancy.
- the matrix resin used in the present invention can be blended with [D] thermoplastic resin for viscoelasticity control and toughness imparting.
- thermoplastic resins are selected from polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl acetals such as polyvinyl formal and polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, aromatic vinyl monomers, vinyl cyanide monomers, and rubbery polymers.
- examples thereof include polymers, polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyarylene oxides, polysulfones, polyether sulfones, polyimides, and phenoxy resins having at least two kinds of constituents.
- polyvinyl formal and polyether sulfones are preferably used because they have good compatibility with many types of epoxy resins and have a large effect of controlling the fluidity of matrix resins for fiber-reinforced composite materials.
- the thermoplastic resin component is preferably contained in an amount of 10 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin. Within this range, the drape property of the prepreg and the flame retardancy of the fiber reinforced composite material such as carbon fiber can be compatible.
- reinforcing fibers such as carbon fibers as the fibers.
- carbon fiber By using carbon fiber as a fiber, excellent flame retardancy, strength, and impact resistance can be exhibited in the fiber reinforced composite material.
- the above matrix resin can be used as a fiber reinforced composite material in combination with fibers.
- a carbon fiber can be preferably used as the fiber, and any known carbon fiber can be used as the carbon fiber, but the strand elastic modulus in the strand tensile test is 200 GPa or more and 450 GPa or less. Is preferably used.
- the strand tensile test is a test performed based on JIS R7601 (1986).
- the number of filaments of carbon fibers is preferably 2500 to 50,000, more preferably 2800 to 40,000 from the viewpoint that the fiber arrangement does not meander and resin impregnation is likely to occur during prepreg production or molding.
- carbon fibers used in the present invention those classified into carbon fibers such as polyacrylonitrile-based, rayon-based, and pitch-based carbon fibers can be used. Of these, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers having high tensile strength are preferably used.
- the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber can be produced, for example, through the following steps. A spinning stock solution containing polyacrylonitrile obtained from a monomer containing acrylonitrile as a main component is spun by a wet spinning method, a dry wet spinning method, a dry spinning method, or a melt spinning method. The coagulated yarn after spinning can be used as a precursor through a yarn-making step, and then carbon fibers can be obtained through steps such as flame resistance and carbonization.
- the form and arrangement of carbon fibers can be appropriately selected from long fibers and woven fabrics aligned in one direction, but in order to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced composite material that is lightweight and has a higher level of durability, carbon fibers are used. , It is preferable that the fibers are in the form of continuous fibers such as long fibers (fiber bundles) and woven fabrics that are aligned in one direction.
- the term "long fiber” as used herein means a fiber having an average length of 10 mm or more.
- the carbon fiber bundle used in the present invention has a single fiber fineness from the viewpoint that the carbon fiber bundle is not damaged at the time of twisting or in the impregnation treatment step of the resin composition, and the carbon fiber bundle is sufficiently impregnated with the resin composition. It is preferably 0.2 to 2.0 dtex, more preferably 0.4 to 1.8 dtex.
- the prepreg of the present invention can be produced by various known methods.
- the matrix resin used in the prepreg of the present invention is dissolved in an organic solvent selected from acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol, etc. to reduce the viscosity, and the fibers are impregnated with the wet method, or the matrix resin is heated without using an organic solvent.
- the prepreg can be produced by a method such as a hot melt method in which the viscosity of the fiber is reduced and the fiber is impregnated.
- the fiber can be obtained by immersing the fiber in a liquid containing a matrix resin, pulling it up, and evaporating the organic solvent using an oven or the like to obtain a prepreg.
- a method of directly impregnating fibers with a matrix resin whose viscosity has been reduced by heating, or a release paper sheet with a resin film in which the matrix resin is once coated on a release paper or the like (hereinafter, "resin film"). (Sometimes referred to as)) is first produced, and then a resin film is laminated on the fiber side from both sides or one side of the fiber, and the fiber is impregnated with the matrix resin by heating and pressurizing.
- the hot melt method of impregnating the fibers with the matrix resin without using the organic solvent is preferably used.
- the prepreg of the present invention preferably has a fiber content of 70 to 2000 g / m 2 per unit area.
- the amount of the fiber is in the range of 70 to 2000 g / m 2 , the drapeability of the prepreg is excellent, and when molding the fiber-reinforced composite material, the number of laminated prepregs for obtaining a predetermined thickness becomes appropriate. It has excellent sex.
- the mass content of the fiber in the prepreg of the present invention is preferably 30 to 90% by mass, more preferably 35 to 85% by mass, and further preferably 40 to 80% by mass.
- the mass content of the fibers in the prepreg is 30% by mass or more, a fiber-reinforced composite material having excellent specific strength and specific elastic modulus can be obtained, or the amount of heat generated by curing when molding the fiber-reinforced composite material can be increased. It can be suppressed.
- the mass content of the fibers in the prepreg is 90% by mass or less, the fibers are sufficiently impregnated with the matrix resin, and a fiber-reinforced composite material without voids can be obtained.
- the laminate produced using the prepreg of the present invention can be produced, for example, by using a method of laminating the above-mentioned prepreg of the present invention in a predetermined form and heating and pressurizing to cure the matrix resin.
- a method of laminating the above-mentioned prepreg of the present invention in a predetermined form and heating and pressurizing to cure the matrix resin examples include a press molding method, an autoclave molding method, a bagging molding method, and an internal pressure molding method.
- the fiber can also be obtained by a method of directly impregnating the fiber with the matrix resin without using a prepreg and then heat-curing the fiber, for example, a molding method such as a hand lay-up method, a filament winding method, or a resin transfer molding method. Reinforced composite materials can be made.
- the flame retardant filler is unevenly distributed on the outermost surface.
- combustion proceeds from the outermost surface of the laminate, and it is most effective to enhance the flame retardancy of the outermost surface.
- the surface on which the flame retardant filler is unevenly distributed is arranged so as to be on the outside. This can be achieved by using the first and final layers when laminating the laminate.
- the laminate of the present invention or the laminate obtained by laminating and curing the prepreg of the present invention (laminated plate of fiber-reinforced composite material) (as a flame retardant measured at a thickness of 2 mm) is FAR25.853 (as a flame retardant).
- the maximum calorific value is less than 100 kW ⁇ m -2
- the average value of the total calorific value for the first 2 minutes is 100 kW ⁇ min ⁇ m -2 . It has the following high flame retardancy.
- ⁇ Component [D] Thermoplastic resin> 10 parts by mass of "Sumika Excel (registered trademark)" 5003P (polyether sulfone, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- Prepreg sheet "Trading card” (registered trademark) Prepreg sheet P2352W-19 Reinforcing fiber: T800S Matrix resin: 3900-2B Volume content of reinforcing fibers: 56%.
- ⁇ Heat release test (OSU method)> Heat conforming to FAR25.853 (Appendix F, Part IV) so that the combustion surface of the laminate prepared in (4) or (10) described later becomes a prepreg prepared in (3) or (8) described later.
- a release test (OSU method) was performed to evaluate the maximum heat generation rate and the average value of the total heat generation amount for the first 2 minutes. As a criterion, pass was passed when the maximum heat generation rate was 100 kW ⁇ m -2 or less and the average value of the total heat generation amount for the first 2 minutes was 100 kW ⁇ min ⁇ m -2 or less, and other cases were rejected. ..
- the laminate obtained in (4) is prepared by using EpoKwick FC Resin (Buehler) as the main agent and Epoxy FC Hardener (Buehler) as the curing agent and mixing them. After embedding in the epoxy resin and curing at room temperature, the cross section in the 45 ° direction with respect to the fiber axis was wet-polished. The length of the exposed laminated body cross section of 2 mm was observed at a total of 500 times using an objective lens of 50 times that of an optical microscope.
- the area ratio occupied by the flame retardant filler in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface of one laminate when the area occupied by the flame retardant filler is 100% the area occupied by the flame retardant filler in the cross-sectional microscopic image of the polished surface and It was obtained by calculating the area A occupied by the flame retardant filler in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface of one of the laminates.
- the Trainable WEKA Segmentation plug-in of the image analysis program FIJI was used.
- a separate classifier for identifying the region division of the fiber, the matrix resin, and the flame retardant filler was determined, and applied to the entire cross-sectional image to determine the area At occupied by the flame retardant filler.
- a portion 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface where the flame retardant filler exists was cut out from the entire cross-sectional image, and the area A occupied by the flame retardant filler was obtained in the same manner, and the area ratio was derived.
- a / B which is the ratio of the total cross-sectional area A of the flame retardant filler to the matrix resin cross-sectional area B in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost layer of the laminate, is the cross-sectional microscopic image of the polished surface where the flame retardant filler is mixed.
- the resin cross-sectional area B and the flame retardant filler cross-sectional area A were calculated using the Trainable WEKA Segmentation plug-in of the image analysis program FIJI in the range of the outermost surface of 400 ⁇ m.
- the fiber diameter was identified and derived by region division from the cross-sectional image in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface where the flame retardant filler was present, using the Trinable WEKA Segmentation plug-in of the above image analysis program FIJI.
- the fiber diameter fi can be calculated as follows, considering that the cross section area Fi is 45 ° with respect to the fiber direction.
- fi (Fi / ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 ) 0.5
- the average value of the fiber diameters f 1 to f n derived in this way was taken as the fiber diameter.
- the average particle size of the flame retardant filler was determined from the number average value A / N of the cross-sectional area A obtained by the above method.
- the cross-sectional area of the flame retardant filler obtained by the above method is an arbitrary circle perpendicular to the axis passing through the center of the sphere. Therefore, the expected value S of the cross-sectional area is a value obtained by dividing the volume of the sphere by the diameter length of the central axis 2r, where r is the radius of the flame retardant filler assumed to be a sphere, and can be calculated by the following formula.
- S 2/3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r 2
- Example 1 As the component [C], "Novaled (registered trademark)" 120UF was blended so as to occupy the area occupied by the flame retardant filler in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface of the A / B and one of the laminates shown in Table 1 ( The matrix resin shown in 2) was prepared, and a prepreg was prepared using "Treca” (registered trademark) cloth CO6343B. Further, this prepreg was used together with "Trading Card” (registered trademark) prepreg sheet P2352W-19 to prepare a laminated body having a thickness of 2 mm. From the cross-sectional observation of this laminated body, the ratio A / B of the flame retardant filler area and the resin area was calculated. When a heat release test (OSU method) was also performed, the flame retardancy was good.
- OSU method heat release test
- Example 1 Example 1 except that "EXOLIT (registered trademark)" AP462 was blended as a flame retardant filler so as to occupy an area occupied by the flame retardant filler within a range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface of A / B and one of the laminates shown in Table 1.
- a laminate of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials was prepared in the same manner as in 4 to 4. When a heat release test (OSU method) was also performed, the flame retardancy was good.
- OSU method heat release test
- Example 7 A laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the components shown in Table 1 were blended as the matrix resin. When a heat release test (OSU method) was also performed, the flame retardancy was good.
- OSU method heat release test
- Example 8 A laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the thickness of the laminate was set to 5 mm. When a heat release test (OSU method) was also performed, the flame retardancy was good.
- OSU method heat release test
- Comparative Example 1 A laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the flame retardant filler was not contained. When a heat release test (OSU method) was also performed, the flame retardancy was insufficient.
- OSU method heat release test
- Comparative Example 2 A laminate was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the thickness of the laminate was set to 5 mm. When a heat release test (OSU method) was also performed, the flame retardancy was insufficient.
- OSU method heat release test
- Example 4 (Comparative Example 4) Example 1 except that "EXOLIT (registered trademark)" AP462 was blended as a flame retardant filler so as to occupy an area occupied by the flame retardant filler within a range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface of A / B and one of the laminates shown in Table 1.
- EXOLIT registered trademark
- AP462 was blended as a flame retardant filler so as to occupy an area occupied by the flame retardant filler within a range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface of A / B and one of the laminates shown in Table 1.
- a resin film was coated on the release paper to prepare a resin film.
- This resin film is set in the prepreg making machine, and the resin film is layered on the carbon fiber woven fabric from both sides of "Treca” (registered trademark) cloth CO6343B so that both sides become the matrix resin film prepared in (7), and heated.
- the resin was impregnated with pressure to prepare a prepreg having a mass fraction of 40% by mass of the matrix resin. This prepreg was used in Comparative Example 7 described later.
- the length of the exposed prepreg cross section of 2 mm was observed at a total of 500 times using an objective lens of 50 times that of an optical microscope.
- a / B which is the ratio of the total cross-sectional area A of the flame retardant filler to the matrix resin cross-sectional area B, was obtained by calculating the resin cross-sectional area B and the flame retardant filler cross-sectional area A from the cross-sectional microscopic image of the polished surface.
- the Trainable WEKA Segmentation plug-in of the image analysis program FIJI was used. In cross-sectional images, separate classifiers were determined to identify regional divisions of fibers, matrix resins, flame retardant fillers and applied to full cross-sectional images.
- the average particle size of the flame retardant filler is obtained from the number average value A / N of the cross-sectional area A obtained by the above method.
- the cross-sectional area of the flame retardant filler obtained by the above method is an arbitrary circle perpendicular to the axis passing through the center of the sphere. Therefore, the expected value S of the cross-sectional area is a value obtained by dividing the volume of the sphere by the diameter length of the central axis 2r, where r is the radius of the flame retardant filler assumed to be a sphere, and can be calculated by the following formula.
- S 2/3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r 2
- Example 13 A laminate of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials in the same manner as in Examples 9 to 11 except that "EXOLIT (registered trademark)" AP462 was blended as the component [C] so as to have A / B and an uneven distribution ratio shown in Table 2. Was produced. When a heat release test (OSU method) was also performed, the flame retardancy was good.
- EXOLIT registered trademark
- Example 14 A laminate of carbon fiber reinforced composite material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the epoxy resin corresponding to the component [A] shown in Table 2 was blended as the component [A]. When a heat release test (OSU method) was also performed, the flame retardancy was good.
- OSU method heat release test
- Comparative Example 5 A laminate of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials was prepared in the same manner as in Examples 9 to 11 except that the component [C] was not contained. When a heat release test (OSU method) was also performed, the flame retardancy was insufficient.
- OSU method heat release test
- Table 1 The content in Table 1 represents parts by mass. Further, in the judgment, the case of passing is represented by A, and the case of failing is represented by B.
- the area occupied by the flame retardant filler in the entire cross section of 45 ° with respect to the fiber direction is 100% by the method described in (4) above.
- the area occupied by the flame retardant filler in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface of one of the laminates was evaluated, all of them were 90% or more, and the flame retardant in the range of 400 ⁇ m from the outermost surface in the 45 ° cross section.
- the filler area is A and the matrix resin area is B
- both A / B satisfy 0.01 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 0.2, and in particular, Examples 9 to 11 and 13 to 14 are 0. It also satisfied .02 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 0.16. In Comparative Examples 6 and 7, 0.01> A / B and 0.01 ⁇ A / B ⁇ 0.2 were not satisfied.
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Abstract
Description
0.01<A/B<0.2
0.01<A/B<0.15。
[a]エポキシ樹脂[A]の総量を100質量部としたとき、エポキシ樹脂[A]がグリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂[A1]を30~100質量部含む
[b]前記マトリックス樹脂が、エポキシ樹脂[A]100質量部に対し、前記難燃剤フィラー[C]を3~50質量部および前記熱可塑性樹脂[D]を10~20質量部含む。
[c]前記マトリックス樹脂が、エポキシ樹脂[A]100質量部に対し、前記熱可塑性樹脂[D]を10~20質量部含む。
0.01<A/B<0.2 ・・・(1)。
0.01<A/B<0.15 ・・・(1)。
[a]エポキシ樹脂[A]の総量を100質量部としたとき、エポキシ樹脂[A]がグリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂[A1]を30~100質量部含む
[b]前記マトリックス樹脂が、エポキシ樹脂[A]100質量部に対し、前記難燃剤フィラー[C]を3~50質量部および前記熱可塑性樹脂[D]を10~20質量部含む
[c]前記マトリックス樹脂が、エポキシ樹脂[A]100質量部に対し、前記熱可塑性樹脂[D]を10~20質量部含む。
・ELM434(テトラグリシジルアミノジフェニルメタン樹脂、住友化学(株)製)。
・GAN(N,N-ジグリシジルアニリン樹脂、日本化薬(株)製)。
・“jER(登録商標)”825(液状ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、三菱ケミカル(株)製)。
・“セイカキュア(登録商標)”-S(4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、和歌山精化工業(株)製)。
・“ノーバレッド(登録商標)”120UF(表面皮膜赤リン、リン含有量75質量%、燐化学工業(株)製)。
・“EXOLIT(登録商標)”AP462(ポリリン酸アンモニウム塩、リン含有量29-31質量%、クラリアント(株)製)。
・“スミカエクセル(登録商標)”5003P(ポリエーテルスルホン、住友化学(株)製) 10質量部。
・“トレカ(登録商標)”T800SC-24K(引張強度5.9GPa、引張弾性率294GPa、繊維比重1.80、東レ(株)製)。
炭素繊維織物(東レ製“トレカ”クロス CO6343B)
炭素繊維:トレカT300B(3K)
織組織:平織
経密度:12.5本/25mm 緯密度:12.5本/25mm
目付け:198g/m2 厚み:0.23mm。
プリプレグシート:“トレカ”(登録商標)プリプレグシートP2352W-19
強化繊維:T800S
マトリックス樹脂:3900-2B
強化繊維の体積含有率:56%。
後述の(4)または(10)で作製した積層体を、燃焼面が後述の(3)または(8)で作製したプリプレグとなるようにFAR25.853(Appendix F,Part IV)に準拠したヒートリリース試験(OSU法)を実施して、最大発熱速度および開始2分間の総発熱量の平均値を評価した。なお、判定基準として最大発熱速度が100kW・m-2以下かつ開始2分間の総発熱量の平均値が100kW・min・m-2以下を満たすときを合格、それ以外の場合を不合格とした。
混練装置中に、表1に該当するエポキシ樹脂および熱可塑性樹脂を投入後、加熱混練を行った。次いで、60℃以下の温度まで降温させ、表1に該当するアミン系硬化剤を加えて均一に分散するように撹拌し、マトリックス樹脂を得た。
混練装置中に、表1に該当するエポキシ樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂および難燃剤フィラーを投入後、加熱混練を行った。次いで、60℃以下の温度まで降温させ、表1に該当するアミン系硬化剤を加えて均一に分散するように撹拌し、難燃剤フィラー混合マトリックス樹脂を得た。
上記(1)および(2)で調製したマトリックス樹脂を用いて、66g/m2を離型紙上にコーティングし、樹脂フィルムを作製した。この樹脂フィルムをプリプレグ作製機にセットし、両方の面が(1)で調製したマトリックス樹脂のフィルムおよび両方の面が(2)で調製した難燃剤フィラー混合マトリックス樹脂のフィルムとなるよう炭素繊維織物に樹脂フィルムを“トレカ”(登録商標)クロスCO6343Bの両面から重ね、加熱加圧してマトリックス樹脂を含浸させ、マトリックス樹脂の質量分率が40質量%のプリプレグを作製した。
“トレカ”(登録商標)プリプレグシートP2352W-19をクロスプライ積層で11プライまたは21プライ積層して、その片面に(3)で作製した、両方の面が(1)で調整したマトリックス樹脂のフィルムであるプリプレグを、もう一方の面に(3)で作製した両方の面が(2)のマトリックス樹脂のフィルムであるプリプレグを積層して、それぞれ全体として厚み2mm(2.4mm)または5mm(5.0mm)厚の積層体を作製した。この積層体から、幅150mm、長さ150mmとなるように切り出した。
(4)で得た積層体をEpoKwick FC Resin(Buehler)を主剤、Epokwick FC Hardener(Buehler)を硬化剤とし、これらを混合して調整したエポキシ樹脂中に包埋し、室温で硬化した後、繊維軸に対して45°方向の断面を湿式研磨した。露出した積層体断面の長さ2mmを光学顕微鏡の50倍の対物レンズを用い合計500倍で観察した。
fi=(Fi/π×2√2)0.5
このようにして導出した繊維径f1~fnの平均値を繊維径とした。
S=2/3×π×r2
ここで、S=A/Nとして、難燃剤フィラーの平均粒径2rは以下の式で求めた。
2r=(6×A/(π×N))0.5。
成分[C]として“ノーバレッド(登録商標)”120UFを、表1に示すA/Bおよび片方の積層体最表面から400μmの範囲における難燃剤フィラーが占める面積となるように配合して上記(2)に示すマトリックス樹脂の調製を行い、“トレカ”(登録商標)クロスCO6343Bを用いてプリプレグを作製した。さらにこのプリプレグを“トレカ”(登録商標)プリプレグシートP2352W-19とともに厚さ2mmの積層体を作製した。この積層体の断面観察から、難燃剤フィラー面積と樹脂面積の比率A/Bを計算した。ヒートリリース試験(OSU法)も行ったところ、難燃性は良好であった。
難燃剤フィラーとして“EXOLIT(登録商標)”AP462を、表1に示すA/Bおよび片方の積層体最表面から400μmの範囲における難燃剤フィラーが占める面積となるように配合した以外は実施例1~4と同様にして炭素繊維強化複合材料の積層体を作製した。ヒートリリース試験(OSU法)も行ったところ、難燃性は良好であった。
マトリックス樹脂として表1に記載の成分を配合した以外は実施例2と同様にして積層体を作製した。ヒートリリース試験(OSU法)も行ったところ、難燃性は良好であった。
積層体厚さを5mmにした以外は実施例2と同様にして積層体を作製した。ヒートリリース試験(OSU法)も行ったところ、難燃性は良好であった。
難燃剤フィラーを含まないこと以外は実施例1~3と同様にして、積層体を作製した。ヒートリリース試験(OSU法)も行ったところ、難燃性は不十分であった。
積層体厚さを5mmにした以外は比較例1と同様にして積層体を作製した。ヒートリリース試験(OSU法)も行ったところ、難燃性は不十分であった。
難燃剤フィラーとして“ノーバレッド(登録商標)”120UFを、表1に示すA/Bおよび片方の積層体最表面から400μmの範囲における難燃剤フィラーが占める面積となるように配合した以外は実施例1~3と同様にして上記(3)のようにプリプレグを作製したところ、難燃効果が低く、難燃性が不十分となった。
難燃剤フィラーとして“EXOLIT(登録商標)”AP462を、表1に示すA/Bおよび片方の積層体最表面から400μmの範囲における難燃剤フィラーが占める面積となるように配合した以外は実施例1~3と同様にして上記(3)のようにプリプレグを作製したところ、難燃効果が低く、難燃性が不十分となった。
混練装置中に、表1に記載の成分[A]に該当するエポキシ樹脂、および成分[D]に該当する熱可塑性樹脂を投入後、加熱混練を行い、成分[D]を溶解させた。次いで、60℃以下の温度まで降温させ、表1に記載の成分[B]に該当するアミン系硬化剤を加えて均一に分散するように撹拌し、炭素繊維強化複合材料用マトリックス樹脂を得た。
混練装置中に、成分[A]に該当するエポキシ樹脂、表1に記載の成分[C]に該当する難燃剤フィラー、および成分[D]に該当する熱可塑性樹脂を投入後、加熱混練を行い、成分[D]を溶解させた。次いで、60℃以下の温度まで降温させ、成分[B]に該当するアミン系硬化剤を加えて均一に分散するように撹拌し、炭素繊維強化複合材料用マトリックス樹脂を得た。
上記(6)および(7)で調製したマトリックス樹脂を用いて、66g/m2を離型紙上にコーティングし、樹脂フィルムを作製した。この樹脂フィルムをプリプレグ作製機にセットし、片方の面が(6)で調製したマトリックス樹脂のフィルム、もう一方の面が(7)で調製したマトリックス樹脂のフィルムとなるよう、樹脂フィルムを炭素繊維織物である“トレカ”(登録商標)クロスCO6343Bの両面から重ね、加熱加圧して樹脂を含浸させ、マトリックス樹脂の質量分率が40質量%のプリプレグを作製した。
(8)で得たプリプレグ1枚をオートクレーブにて、180℃の温度で90分間、0.6MPaの圧力下、昇温速度2.5℃/分で硬化した。この硬化プリプレグをEpoKwick FC Resin(Buehler)を主剤、Epokwick FC Hardener(Buehler)を硬化剤とし、これらを混合して調整したエポキシ樹脂中に包埋し、室温で硬化した後、繊維軸に対して45°方向の断面を湿式研磨した。露出したプリプレグ断面の長さ2mmを光学顕微鏡の50倍の対物レンズを用い合計500倍で観察した。マトリックス樹脂断面積Bに対する難燃剤フィラーの総断面積Aの比率であるA/Bは、研磨面の断面顕微鏡画像から樹脂断面積Bおよび難燃剤フィラー断面積Aを算出することで求めた。解析には、画像解析プログラムFIJIのTrainable WEKA Segmentationプラグインを使用した。断面像において、繊維、マトリックス樹脂、難燃剤フィラーの領域分割を識別する別個の分類子を決定し、全断面画像に適用した。また偏在率は、該プリプレグ断面画像を厚さ方向に均等に2分割したときの、それぞれの分割画像内の難燃剤フィラー面積をAm、Anとしたときに以下の式で計算される。
(偏在率(%))=Am/(Am+An)×100 ただしAm>An。
S=2/3×π×r2
ここで、S=A/Nとして、難燃剤フィラーの平均粒径2rは以下の式で求めた。
2r=(6×A/(π×N))0.5。
上記(8)で作製したプリプレグおよび“トレカ”(登録商標)プリプレグシートP2352W-19を、((8)で作製したプリプレグ/0/90/0/90/0/90/0/(8)で作製したプリプレグ)の構成で9プライ積層し、2mm(1.9mm)厚さの積層体を作製した。オートクレーブにて、180℃の温度で90分間、0.6MPaの圧力下、昇温速度2.5℃/分で成形して、厚み2mm(1.9mm)の一方向材の積層体を作製した。積層体から、幅150mm、長さ150mmとなるように切り出した。
成分[C]として“ノーバレッド(登録商標)”120UFを、表2に示すA/Bおよび偏在率となるように配合して上記(2)に示すマトリックス樹脂の調製を行い、“トレカ”(登録商標)クロスCO6343Bを用いてプリプレグを作製した。このプリプレグの断面観察から、樹脂面積と難燃剤フィラー面積の比率を計算した。さらにこのプリプレグを“トレカ”(登録商標)プリプレグシートP2352W-19とともに積層体を作製した。ヒートリリース試験(OSU法)も行ったところ、難燃性は良好であった。
成分[C]として“EXOLIT(登録商標)”AP462を、表2に示すA/Bおよび偏在率となるように配合した以外は実施例9~11と同様にして炭素繊維強化複合材料の積層体を作製した。ヒートリリース試験(OSU法)も行ったところ、難燃性は良好であった。
成分[A]として表2に記載の成分[A]に該当するエポキシ樹脂を配合した以外は実施例10と同様にして炭素繊維強化複合材料の積層体を作製した。ヒートリリース試験(OSU法)も行ったところ、難燃性は良好であった。
成分[C]を含まないこと以外は実施例9~11と同様にして、炭素繊維強化複合材料の積層体を作製した。ヒートリリース試験(OSU法)も行ったところ、難燃性は不十分であった。
成分[C]として“ノーバレッド(登録商標)”120UFを、表2に示すA/Bおよび偏在率となるように配合した以外は実施例9~11と同様にして上記(8)のようにプリプレグを作製したところ、難燃効果が低く、難燃性が不十分となった。
成分[C]として“ノーバレッド(登録商標)”120UFを、表2に示すA/Bおよび偏在率となるように配合した以外は実施例9~11と同様にして上記(8)のようにプリプレグを作製したところ、難燃効果が低く、難燃性が不十分となった。
Claims (15)
- 繊維、マトリックス樹脂および難燃剤フィラーを含む積層体であって、繊維方向に対して45°の断面において、該45°の断面全体における難燃剤フィラーが占める面積を100%としたとき、片方の積層体最表面から400μmの範囲における難燃剤フィラーが占める面積が70%以上であり、かつ該45°の断面における最表面から400μmの範囲における難燃剤フィラー面積をA、マトリックス樹脂面積をBとしたときに、以下の関係式が成り立つ積層体。
0.01<A/B<0.2 - 厚さが4mm以上である請求項1に記載の積層体。
- 前記難燃剤フィラーの平均粒径が繊維径より大きく、かつ60μm以下である請求項1または2に記載の積層体。
- 前記難燃剤フィラーがリン原子を含む請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 前記難燃剤フィラーが赤リンを60質量%以上含む請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 前記繊維の一部または全部が織物である請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 最表面から400μmの範囲における難燃剤フィラーが占める面積が70%以上である側の最表層に含まれる繊維が織物である請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 繊維、マトリックス樹脂および難燃剤フィラーを含むプリプレグであって、繊維方向に対して45°の断面における難燃剤フィラーの偏在率が66%以上であり、かつ該断面における難燃剤フィラー面積をA、マトリックス樹脂面積をBとしたときに、以下の関係式が成り立つプリプレグ。
0.01<A/B<0.15 - 前記難燃剤フィラーがリン原子を含む請求項8に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記難燃剤フィラーが赤リンを60質量%以上含む請求項8または9に記載のプリプレグ。
- マトリックス樹脂に含まれるエポキシ樹脂100質量部に対して前記難燃剤フィラーが1.5~25質量部含まれる請求項8から10のいずれかに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記難燃剤フィラーの平均粒径が繊維径より大きく、かつ60μm以下である請求項8から11のいずれかに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記繊維の形態が織物からなる請求項8から12のいずれかに記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記マトリックス樹脂の組成がエポキシ樹脂[A]、アミン系硬化剤[B]、難燃剤フィラー[C]および熱可塑性樹脂[D]からなり、かつ前記プリプレグの一方の片面が下記条件[a]および[b]を満たし、もう一方の片面が下記条件[a]および[c]を満たす請求項8から13のいずれかに記載のプリプレグ。
[a]エポキシ樹脂[A]の総量を100質量部としたとき、エポキシ樹脂[A]がグリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂[A1]を30~100質量部含む
[b]前記マトリックス樹脂が、エポキシ樹脂[A]100質量部に対し、前記難燃剤フィラー[C]を3~50質量部および前記熱可塑性樹脂[D]を10~20質量部含む
[c]前記マトリックス樹脂が、エポキシ樹脂[A]100質量部に対し、前記熱可塑性樹脂[D]を10~20質量部含む - 請求項8~14のいずれかに記載のプリプレグを難燃剤フィラーの偏在した側が最外層になるように積層する請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
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2022
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- 2022-01-13 EP EP22739446.7A patent/EP4252989A1/en active Pending
- 2022-01-13 US US18/269,809 patent/US20240051281A1/en active Pending
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WO2005082982A1 (ja) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-09 | Toray Industries, Inc. | 炭素繊維強化複合材料用エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグ、一体化成形品、繊維強化複合材料板、および電気・電子機器用筐体 |
JP2007016121A (ja) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-01-25 | Toray Ind Inc | 複合材料用プリプレグおよび複合材料 |
JP2007231073A (ja) | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-13 | Toray Ind Inc | 難燃性炭素繊維強化複合材料およびその製造方法 |
JP2008214547A (ja) | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-18 | Toray Ind Inc | 繊維強化複合材料用プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料 |
WO2012039456A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-24 | 2012-03-29 | 東レ株式会社 | 繊維強化複合材料用エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料 |
WO2012133096A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-10-04 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグ、および繊維強化複合材料 |
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JPWO2022154041A1 (ja) | 2022-07-21 |
US20240051281A1 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
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