WO2022154011A1 - トルクセンサを含むロボットを備えるロボットシステム - Google Patents
トルクセンサを含むロボットを備えるロボットシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022154011A1 WO2022154011A1 PCT/JP2022/000726 JP2022000726W WO2022154011A1 WO 2022154011 A1 WO2022154011 A1 WO 2022154011A1 JP 2022000726 W JP2022000726 W JP 2022000726W WO 2022154011 A1 WO2022154011 A1 WO 2022154011A1
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- temperature
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- torque sensor
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- torque
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1628—Programme controls characterised by the control loop
- B25J9/1633—Programme controls characterised by the control loop compliant, force, torque control, e.g. combined with position control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J13/00—Controls for manipulators
- B25J13/08—Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
- B25J13/085—Force or torque sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J13/00—Controls for manipulators
- B25J13/08—Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
- B25J13/087—Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices for sensing other physical parameters, e.g. electrical or chemical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1674—Programme controls characterised by safety, monitoring, diagnostic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37431—Temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
- G05B2219/40599—Force, torque sensor integrated in joint
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a robot system including a robot including a torque sensor.
- the torque sensor installed in the robot has various factors such as temperature change due to heat generation of the drive machine due to the operation of the robot, temperature change of the environment around the robot, and temperature change due to heat generation of the internal circuit of the torque sensor.
- the temperature changes depending on the.
- the value of the torque data detected by the torque sensor may not be accurate (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-67295 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-11157).
- the torque sensor measures the temperature at or near the portion that detects the displacement caused by the application of torque, and compensates the torque data based on the measured temperature. (See, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-509342).
- the robot In a robot equipped with a torque sensor that measures the torque or force acting on the robot, the robot is designed to improve dust resistance, waterproofness, or electrical noise countermeasures for the purpose of improving reliability.
- the airtightness inside is often improved.
- the temperature of the torque sensor provided on the joint shaft of the robot may become high or the temperature may change suddenly depending on the operation of the robot.
- the torque sensor is closely attached to the drive part of the motor or the like and the mechanism part such as the speed reducer so as to improve the torque measurement accuracy at the joint part of the robot so that the torque or force can be transmitted accurately. It is often located in. As a result, heat in the mechanical part or the driving part of the robot may be easily transferred to the torque sensor.
- the torque sensor provided on the joint axis of the robot is the temperature of the mechanical part such as the arm or speed reducer due to the temperature change in the working environment of the robot and the temperature of the surrounding environment such as peripheral devices, tools, hands, or objects to be transported.
- the situation is susceptible to change.
- the load on the joint axis of the robot may be small or large depending on the movement of the robot and the weight of the object transported by the robot or the position of the center of gravity. The effect of temperature on the torque sensor may change significantly depending on the condition of the load on the joint shaft.
- the range of ambient temperature may be wide from low temperature to high temperature.
- the range of temperature change accompanying the operation of the robot is wide, and the temperature may change in a short time.
- the temperature state of the torque sensor provided on the joint axis of the robot changes in a wide range from low temperature to high temperature, and may change significantly in a short time.
- Temperature compensation is performed to respond to such changes in the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- the temperature state of the torque sensor may not be properly measured due to the arrangement of the temperature sensor provided in the torque sensor or the deterioration of the accuracy of the temperature sensor.
- the approximate model of the temperature characteristic of the torque sensor in the temperature compensation may not match the actual state, and the error may become large.
- the temperature detection value The error becomes large, and the accuracy of temperature compensation itself deteriorates. As a result, it becomes difficult to properly compensate the temperature of the torque data, and the value of the torque data may not be appropriate.
- the output error of the torque sensor may be large and appropriate torque may not be detected.
- the temperature of the torque sensor may become abnormal depending on the operating conditions of the robot or the surrounding environment.
- the temperature state of the torque sensor is not abnormal, and it is possible to continue using it by devising when using it, but there are cases where it is not preferable to reduce the detection accuracy of torque data.
- an overload may be applied to the joints of the robot, which may accelerate the failure of the robot.
- the worker when the worker performs direct teaching or collaborates with the robot, the worker directly touches the robot in order to stop the robot, change the operation, or change the setting. May come into contact with each other.
- the temperature near the joint axis of the robot or the temperature of the torque sensor provided on the joint axis of the robot is not known, the temperature of the robot may be unexpected or the detection accuracy may be due to the temperature fluctuation of the torque sensor. Sometimes you don't know the deterioration situation.
- the joints and the torque sensor of the robot may be hot.
- the joint portion of the robot and the torque sensor may have a high temperature when the operation with a large load is continued for a long time. In such a case, even if there is no abnormality in the torque sensor and the actuator of the robot, it may be hot for human contact, the detection accuracy of the temperature sensor may deteriorate, or the detection accuracy of the torque sensor may deteriorate. There is.
- the temperature of the joint part of the robot is a temperature that is not a problem for an actuator such as a motor, it is not an appropriate temperature state for the torque sensor of the robot that works in collaboration with the operator.
- the detection accuracy of the torque sensor may deteriorate.
- the operator may be too hot to come into contact with the robot, or the detection accuracy of the torque sensor may be kept in a good state.
- the robot system includes a robot including a torque sensor corresponding to a joint axis.
- the robot system includes a torque sensor including a torque detection unit and a temperature detection unit, and a temperature compensation unit that obtains temperature-compensated data based on the output value of the torque detection unit and the output value of the temperature detection unit.
- the robot system determines whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state and whether or not it is in an appropriate temperature state based on the output value of at least one of the temperature detection unit and the temperature compensation unit. It has a part.
- the robot system includes an operation command unit that changes an operation command so as to stop the robot when there is a torque sensor whose temperature state of the torque sensor is abnormal. When there is a torque sensor whose temperature state is not abnormal and not suitable, the operation command unit commands the robot to reduce at least one of the speed and acceleration of the joint axis on which the torque sensor is arranged. To change.
- predetermined means defined by the time of use or implementation.
- predetermined means that it is determined in advance before the start of use or implementation, or it is determined immediately before use or implementation, and it is determined at any time until it is needed.
- a predetermined variable, a predetermined constant, a predetermined formula, or the like may be appropriately determined based on the specifications of the robot system, the desired result, the situation of the robot system, the experimental result, the acquired data, or the like.
- the robot system of the present embodiment includes a robot including a torque sensor that detects torque applied to a component such as an arm.
- the speed or acceleration of the joint axis of the robot is the speed or acceleration of the operation of driving the joint axis of the robot composed of the rotation axis or the linear motion axis.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the first robot system according to the present embodiment.
- the first robot system 6 of the present embodiment has a function of transporting the work 71.
- the first robot system 6 includes a hand 2 as a work tool (end effector) and a robot 1 that changes the position and posture of the hand 2.
- the robot system 6 includes a control device 4 that controls the robot 1 and the hand 2.
- the robot 1 of the present embodiment is a vertical articulated robot having six joint axes (rotational axes).
- the joint axis is composed of a rotation axis, but the present embodiment is not limited to this form.
- the joint axis may be composed of a linear motion axis other than the rotation axis.
- the robot 1 of the present embodiment includes a base portion 14 fixed to the installation surface and a swivel base 13 supported by the base portion 14.
- the swivel base 13 is formed so as to rotate with respect to the base portion 14.
- the robot 1 includes an upper arm 11 and a lower arm 12.
- the lower arm 12 is rotatably supported by the swivel base 13 via the joint portion 17.
- the upper arm 11 is rotatably supported by the lower arm 12 via the joint portion 17. Further, the upper arm 11 rotates around a rotation axis parallel to the extending direction of the upper arm 11.
- Robot 1 includes a list 15 connected to the end of the upper arm 11.
- the wrist 15 is rotatably supported by the upper arm 11 via the joint portion 17.
- the listing 15 includes a flange 16 that rotates about a axis of rotation along the extending direction of the listing 15.
- the hand 2 is fixed to the flange 16.
- the robot 1 of the present embodiment is a vertical articulated robot having six joint axes, but is not limited to this form. Any form of robot that can change at least one of the position and orientation of the work tool can be employed. For example, a robot having an arbitrary number of joint axes can be adopted.
- the hand 2 of the present embodiment grips and releases the work 71.
- the hand 2 grips the work 71 by closing the claws facing each other.
- the work tool is not limited to the hand that holds the work. Any work tool can be attached to the robot according to the work performed by the robot system. For example, if the robot system performs arc welding, a welding torch can be attached to the robot.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the robot of the present embodiment.
- the robot 1 includes a joint shaft 17a which is a rotation shaft of a constituent member such as an arm portion.
- the robot 1 is configured to have a plurality of joint axes 17a.
- a torque sensor 20 for detecting the torque in the direction around the joint shaft 17a is arranged in each joint portion 17.
- the robot 1 of the present embodiment includes two or more joint shafts 17a in which the torque sensor 20 is arranged. That is, the torque sensors 20 are arranged on two or more joint shafts 17a out of the six joint shafts of the robot 1.
- the torque sensor 20 is attached to each of the six joint shafts of the robot 1. That is, six torque sensors 20 are arranged in the robot 1 of the present embodiment, but the robot 1 is not limited to this embodiment.
- a torque sensor may be attached to the minimum joint shaft that needs to detect torque.
- the temperature state of the torque sensor can be determined by comparison with the value based on.
- the torque sensors can be arranged on one or more joint axes of the robot.
- a force sensor capable of detecting a force or a moment as a torque or a load cell capable of detecting a force may be attached to a joint shaft to which a torque sensor is not attached.
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the robot system according to the present embodiment.
- the robot 1 includes a robot drive unit that changes the position and orientation of the robot 1.
- the robot drive unit includes a robot drive motor 19 as an electric motor for driving a component such as an arm.
- the robot drive unit drives an actuator arranged on the joint shaft so as to move the rotation position on each joint shaft 17a of the robot 1.
- the robot drive unit may be configured by any principle or power as long as it can drive and displace the joint axis of the robot.
- the joint axis is a linear motion axis
- the robot drive unit drives an actuator arranged on the joint axis so as to move a position on the linear motion axis.
- the hand 2 includes a hand drive unit that drives the hand 2.
- the hand drive unit includes a pressurizing pump, a valve, and the like for driving the claw portion of the hand 2.
- the robot system 6 includes a control device 4 that controls the robot 1 and the hand 2.
- the control device 4 includes an arithmetic processing unit (computer) having a CPU (Central Processing Unit) as a processor.
- the arithmetic processing unit has a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like connected to the CPU via a bus.
- the operation program 41 includes an operation command (command statement) for driving the robot 1 and the hand 2.
- the robot system 6 conveys the work by driving it based on the operation program 41.
- the control device 4 includes a storage unit 42 that stores information.
- the storage unit 42 stores information related to the control of the robot 1 and the hand 2.
- the operation program 41 is stored in the storage unit 42.
- the storage unit 42 can be composed of a non-temporary storage medium.
- the storage unit 42 can be configured with a storage medium that can store information such as a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a magnetic storage medium, or an optical storage medium.
- the control device 4 includes an operation command unit 43 that sends an operation command.
- the operation command unit 43 corresponds to a processor driven according to the operation program 41.
- the operation command unit 43 is formed so that the information stored in the storage unit 42 can be read.
- the processor functions as the operation command unit 43 by reading the operation program 41 and performing the control defined in the operation program 41.
- the robot drive unit is driven based on the operation command of the robot 1 output from the operation command unit 43, and the rotation position of the robot drive motor 19 on the joint axis of the robot 1 is changed.
- the operation command unit 43 sends an operation command for driving the robot 1 to the robot drive circuit 45.
- the robot drive circuit 45 includes an electric circuit that drives the robot drive motor 19.
- the robot drive circuit 45 supplies electricity to the robot drive motor 19 based on an operation command.
- the operation command unit 43 sends an operation command for driving the hand 2 to the hand drive circuit 44.
- the hand drive circuit 44 includes an electric circuit that drives the hand drive unit.
- the hand drive circuit 44 supplies electricity to the hand drive unit based on an operation command.
- the robot 1 is provided with a rotation position detector 18 that outputs axis position data that is a rotation position on the joint axis 17a of the robot 1.
- the rotation position detector 18 is composed of, for example, an encoder.
- the position and posture of the robot 1 can be detected by the output of the rotation position detector 18.
- the rotation position detector 18 of the present embodiment is attached to a robot drive motor 19 arranged corresponding to each joint axis.
- the rotation position detector 18 is formed so as to detect the rotation angle or phase when the robot drive motor 19 is driven.
- the control device 4 of the present embodiment includes an operation control unit 31 that sends information for changing the operation to the operation command unit 43 based on the output from the torque sensor 20.
- the motion control unit 31 includes a conversion unit 32 that converts the output of the displacement detector 21 of the torque sensor 20 into torque data.
- the operation control unit 31 includes a temperature compensation unit 33 that performs temperature compensation for a value related to torque. Further, the motion control unit 31 includes a sensor temperature determination unit 34 that determines the temperature state of the torque sensor 20.
- the operation control unit 31 corresponds to a processor driven according to the operation program 41.
- the motion control unit 31 is formed so that the information stored in the storage unit 42 can be read.
- the processor functions as the operation control unit 31 by reading the operation program 41 and performing the control defined in the operation program 41.
- each unit of the conversion unit 32, the temperature compensation unit 33, and the sensor temperature determination unit 34 included in the operation control unit 31 corresponds to a processor driven according to the operation program 41.
- the processor functions as each unit by performing the control defined in the operation program 41.
- the torque sensor 20 of the present embodiment is a sensor arranged on the joint shaft 17a of the robot 1.
- the torque sensor 20 detects the moment of the force generated by the force acting on the member to which the torque sensor 20 is attached as the torque.
- the torque sensor 20 of the present embodiment includes a torque detection unit 23 that detects a value related to torque and a temperature detection unit 24 that detects a value related to temperature.
- the torque detection unit 23 includes one or more displacement detectors 21 that detect a value corresponding to the torque acting on the joint shaft 17a of the robot 1.
- the temperature detection unit 24 includes one or more temperature sensors 22 that detect the temperature of the torque sensor 20.
- the robot system 6 of the present embodiment is configured to detect or measure the torque acting on the torque sensor 20 arranged on the joint shaft 17a of the robot 1 and detect or measure the temperature of the torque sensor 20.
- the detection of torque or temperature shall include the measurement of torque or temperature.
- the displacement detector 21 detects the relative displacement of the structural members constituting the torque sensor 20 at one or more predetermined locations of the torque sensor 20.
- the torque-related value (torque-related data) detected by the torque sensor 20 includes torque data including the torque value and a value according to the torque.
- the value according to the torque is a value for which the torque data can be obtained by a calculation based on a predetermined calculation formula such as multiplying the calibration data, for example, the output value of the displacement detector 21.
- the torque sensor is a strain gauge type configured by a whistle-stone bridge circuit
- the value obtained by converting the displacement of the strain gauge into a voltage corresponds to a value according to the torque.
- the torque detection unit 23 of the torque sensor 20 shown in FIG. 3 outputs the output value of the displacement detector 21 as a value according to the torque.
- the conversion unit 32 of the operation control unit 31 arranged in the control device 4 converts the output values of the plurality of displacement detectors 21 with the calibration data for associating the output values of the displacement detectors 21 with the torque data values. Use to calculate torque data.
- the temperature compensation unit 33 performs temperature compensation for the value related to torque.
- the temperature compensation unit 33 shown in FIG. 3 performs temperature compensation for the torque data output from the conversion unit 32.
- the temperature sensor 22 of the temperature detection unit 24 is arranged so as to detect the temperature of a predetermined portion at one or more points of the torque sensor.
- the temperature compensation unit 33 compensates the torque data based on the temperature acquired from one or more temperature sensors 22 and the reference temperature in the temperature compensation.
- the torque data may be calculated after the temperature compensation of the value according to the torque is performed. That is, the temperature compensation unit 33 performs temperature compensation based on the value according to the torque detected by the torque detection unit 23, the temperature data of the torque sensor 20 output by the temperature detection unit 24, and the reference temperature in the temperature compensation. You may calculate the value according to the torque. Then, the conversion unit 32 may calculate the torque data including the torque based on the value according to the temperature-compensated torque and the calibration data. As described above, the conversion from the torque-based value to the torque data and the temperature compensation may be performed first.
- the torque sensor 20 can include an arithmetic processing unit including a processor. Then, the processor of the torque sensor can function as a conversion unit and a temperature compensation unit.
- the torque detection unit 23 of the torque sensor 20 includes the conversion unit 32
- the torque detection unit 23 sets the output values of the plurality of displacement detectors 21, the output values of the displacement detectors 21, and the torque data values.
- Torque data can be calculated using the associated calibration data. Torque data is transmitted from the torque sensor 20 to the operation control unit 31.
- the torque output from the displacement detector 21 is calculated based on the temperature acquired from the temperature sensor 22 and the reference temperature for temperature compensation in the torque sensor 20. Temperature compensation of the same value can be performed. A value corresponding to the temperature-compensated torque is transmitted from the torque sensor 20 to the operation control unit 31.
- the torque sensor 20 When the torque sensor 20 includes the conversion unit 32 and the temperature compensation unit 33, the torque sensor 20 can convert the value according to the torque into torque data and perform temperature compensation. Then, the torque sensor 20 sends the torque data for which the temperature compensation has been performed to the operation control unit 31.
- At least one of the conversion unit 32 and the temperature compensation unit 33 may be arranged in a device different from the control device 4 and the torque sensor 20.
- at least one of the conversion unit 32 and the temperature compensation unit 33 may be arranged in an arithmetic processing unit different from the control device.
- another arithmetic processing unit including a processor at least one of the conversion from the torque-based value to the torque data and the temperature compensation may be performed.
- the temperature compensation unit 33 may have the function of the conversion unit 32. That is, the temperature compensation unit is based on a value according to the torque detected by the displacement detector, calibration data for converting to torque data, temperature data output by the temperature detection unit, and a reference temperature in temperature compensation. , Conversion to torque data and temperature compensation may be performed at the same time. In this case, the temperature compensation unit can calculate the temperature-compensated torque data from the output value of the displacement detector.
- the reference temperature which is the reference temperature when performing temperature compensation for the value related to torque, is preferably the temperature at which the torque sensor is calibrated, or a temperature close to that temperature.
- As the reference temperature for example, about 25 ° C., which is room temperature, can be adopted.
- the temperature detection unit 24 including the temperature sensor 22 outputs typical temperature data of the torque sensor 20, temperature data of each position of the portion constituting the torque sensor, or a value corresponding to those temperatures.
- a value according to temperature is a value that is an alternative to temperature data or a value that can be converted into temperature data.
- a value according to temperature is a value that can be used instead of temperature data, a value that can be converted to temperature data by a predetermined formula, a value that is converted to be convenient for data transfer, or a value that conforms to temperature. , A value that changes depending on the temperature, etc.
- the temperature sensor 22 is preferably arranged at a convenient location for detecting the temperature of the torque sensor 20, or a convenient location for performing temperature compensation.
- the temperature sensor 22 may be arranged in a portion where the plurality of displacement detectors 21 are arranged or in the vicinity of the plurality of displacement detectors 21.
- the torque sensor of this embodiment is a sensor that detects torque around one rotating shaft, but is not limited to this form.
- the torque sensor may be a sensor including a force detection unit capable of detecting a force.
- the torque sensor may be any sensor that detects the torque acting around the joint axis.
- the torque sensor may be composed of, for example, a force sensor capable of detecting a 3-axis or 6-axis force and torque component.
- Torque and force detection can be detected by a detector that detects physical quantities that change according to the relative displacement of the structural members of the sensor.
- the detection unit is set so that the amount of change for detecting the relative displacement of the structural member is the amount of change in charge, inductance, light, ultrasonic waves, magnetism, etc. that changes according to the relative displacement. It may be configured.
- torque and force may be detected by arranging an optical sensor so as to detect a change in the position of a corresponding point on an image or image information that changes according to a relative displacement of a structural member. good. In such a case, the physical quantity that changes according to the relative displacement of the structural member of the sensor corresponds to a value according to the torque.
- the displacement detector can be configured by a whistle bridge circuit configured by a strain gauge so as to convert the relative displacement of the structural members constituting the torque sensor into a voltage and output it.
- the displacement detector can output the displacement of the strain gauge as a voltage.
- the displacement detector may be configured to output the displacement of the capacitance as a voltage.
- the displacement detector 21 detects the relative displacement of the structural members constituting the torque sensor. Then, the detected relative displacement is converted into torque, but the present invention is not limited to this form.
- the torque sensor may be any detection type sensor as long as the torque is detected.
- the temperature sensor 22 of the temperature detection unit 24 uses an element such as a thermistor, a thermocouple, or a platinum resistor to detect a change in resistance value or electromotive force caused by a change in physical properties depending on the temperature, and obtains temperature data. It is configured to convert to.
- the torque sensor may be configured to include two or more temperature sensors, and the outputs of a plurality of temperature sensors may be used in detecting the temperature of the torque sensor.
- the temperature detection unit 24 outputs a value obtained from the value detected by the temperature sensor 22 or the value detected by the temperature sensor 22.
- the temperature detection unit outputs the detection values of the plurality of temperature sensors, or the temperature detection unit includes an arithmetic processing unit including a processor, and the plurality of temperature sensors detect the detection values. You may output one or more values obtained from the obtained values.
- the temperature detection unit can calculate and output a value obtained by averaging the outputs of the plurality of temperature sensors.
- the temperature detection unit can weight and average the output of the temperature sensor according to the position of the temperature sensor, and calculate and output one representative value.
- the outputs of the plurality of temperature sensors may be weighted so that one representative value is selected and output.
- the median value may be selected from the outputs of a plurality of temperature sensors.
- the temperature detection unit may calculate one representative value for a plurality of temperature sensors arranged in the vicinity of the displacement detector by using the outputs of the plurality of temperature sensors as one unit. Then, in the temperature compensation unit and the sensor temperature determination unit, this value may be used as temperature data in the vicinity of the displacement detector.
- two or more temperature sensors having different detection accuracy depending on the temperature may be arranged in the temperature detection unit of the torque sensor. Then, the output of the temperature sensor may be selected so that the temperature detection accuracy is maintained high even if the temperature of the torque sensor changes. At this time, it is preferable that at least two or more temperature sensors have different temperature characteristics depending on the temperature, and the temperature range in which the temperature detection accuracy is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value is different.
- the temperature detection unit can estimate the range in which the temperature of a predetermined portion of the torque sensor exists based on the outputs of two or more temperature sensors included in the torque sensor.
- the temperature detection unit may output as a detection value of the temperature of a predetermined portion of the torque sensor based on the estimated temperature range and the output of the temperature sensor.
- the temperature detection unit can estimate a predetermined range including the median value of the outputs of the plurality of temperature sensors as a range in which the temperature of the predetermined portion exists. Then, one output of a plurality of temperature sensors existing within a predetermined range can be selected. For example, a median value existing within a predetermined range can be selected.
- the temperature detection unit can change the weight of the output of the temperature sensor according to the range in which the estimated temperature of the torque sensor exists.
- the temperature detection unit can output the calculated value as the temperature value of the predetermined portion of the torque sensor. At this time, the weight or coefficient of the output of the temperature sensor having excellent detection accuracy may be set relatively large in the range where the temperature exists.
- the temperature compensation unit or the sensor temperature determination unit may execute arithmetic processing based on the detection values of the plurality of temperature sensors in the temperature detection unit described above. That is, when there are two or more temperature sensors, the temperature detection unit outputs the detection values of the plurality of temperature sensors. Then, the temperature compensation unit or the sensor temperature determination unit may execute a calculation related to the temperature of a predetermined portion of the torque sensor based on the values detected by the plurality of temperature sensors.
- the temperature sensors having different excellent temperature characteristics are arranged according to the position of the displacement detector that detects the relative displacement of the structural members constituting the torque sensor.
- a plurality of temperature sensors having different temperature characteristics may be attached in the vicinity of the same position.
- temperature sensors having different temperature characteristics may be arranged at different positions of the torque sensors.
- the temperature compensating unit 33 compensates for torque data or a value according to torque according to the temperature.
- torque data including the torque value will be described as an example.
- temperature compensation can be performed by the same method as for torque data.
- the temperature compensation unit 33 performs temperature compensation for torque data using a predetermined temperature compensation calculation formula.
- the temperature compensation unit 33 may calculate a value related to the torque corrected by the temperature by a predetermined temperature compensation calculation formula regardless of the mode of the temperature compensation of the torque data or the temperature compensation of the value according to the torque. I hope I can.
- the reference temperature in temperature compensation which is the reference temperature
- the reference temperature is preferably the temperature at which the torque sensor is calibrated or a temperature close to that temperature.
- the reference temperature may be a temperature according to the type of the torque sensor, a temperature at the place where the robot is installed, or a temperature according to the temperature state of the joint portion of the robot provided with the torque sensor.
- the reference temperature may be a plurality of temperatures when calibrated at a plurality of temperatures in consideration of the temperature at which the torque sensor is used and the like.
- the reference temperature may be a temperature corresponding to the torque sensor or a temperature considering the temperature state of the torque sensor. Further, the calibration data used when obtaining the reference temperature or the torque data may be changed according to the temperature condition.
- the temperature detection unit may measure and output the temperature of the place where the displacement detector is installed in the torque sensor.
- the temperature compensation unit is temperature-compensated torque data based on the temperature of the place where multiple displacement detectors are installed, the reference temperature in temperature compensation, the output values of multiple displacement detectors, and the calibration data. May be asked.
- the temperature-compensated torque data may be obtained based on the output values of a plurality of displacement detectors, the typical temperature value of the torque sensor, the coefficient related to the temperature compensation, and the calibration data. good.
- the outputs of the plurality of displacement detectors may be multiplied by calibration data in consideration of temperature compensation to obtain temperature-compensated torque data.
- the calculation formula of the temperature compensation used when the temperature compensation unit 33 performs the temperature compensation of the value related to the torque is based on the output value of the torque detection unit, the output value of the temperature detection unit, the reference temperature in the temperature compensation, and the like. , Any equation may be used as long as the value related to the temperature-compensated torque can be obtained.
- temperature-compensated torque data By multiplying the output value of each displacement detector for which temperature compensation has been performed in this way by calibration data, temperature-compensated torque data can be obtained.
- a temperature compensation calculation formula according to the temperature characteristics of each displacement detector so that the output value of the displacement detector 21 is appropriately temperature-compensated. It is preferable to calculate the coefficient and constant term of the calculation formula in advance from a plurality of data. It is preferable that the calculation formula is determined so that the temperature-compensated value is appropriately calculated when the changing current temperature data is given.
- the temperature-compensated torque data can be calculated as in the following equation (2).
- TRb (1 + ⁇ 1 ⁇ (Tc - Tr) + ⁇ 2 ⁇ (Tc2-Tr 2 )) ⁇ (TRa + ⁇ 3 ⁇ (Tc-Tr) + ⁇ 4 ⁇ (Tc2-Tr 2 ))... ( 2 )
- TRa Torque data before temperature compensation
- TRb Torque data after temperature compensation
- Tc Current temperature
- Tr Reference temperature ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4: Coefficient
- a temperature compensation calculation formula according to the temperature characteristics of the torque data detected based on the output of the torque sensor so that the output value of the torque data is appropriately temperature-compensated. .. It is preferable that the coefficient and constant terms of the calculation formula are set so as to be accurate values compensated based on the reference temperature and the current temperature.
- the temperature compensation of the present embodiment is compensation for displacement due to temperature change with respect to the output of the displacement detector, and compensates for displacement other than displacement due to external force.
- the coefficients and constant terms of such arithmetic expressions can be set in various ways. For example, a set of data of a theoretical displacement detector output value and an actually measured displacement detector output value is generated at a plurality of temperatures. Then, based on these sets of data, the coefficients and constants of the arithmetic expression can be calculated so that the error between the value calculated by the arithmetic expression and the actually measured value becomes small.
- the value related to the temperature compensation in the present embodiment is the difference between the current temperature and the reference temperature in the temperature compensation, or a coefficient or a constant term used in the temperature compensation formula at the temperature at which the temperature compensation is performed. It can be a value that is obtained halfway in the calculation process of temperature compensation. Further, the value related to the temperature compensation can be a coefficient used in the temperature compensation formula, a constant term, or a difference or ratio in which the value obtained halfway changes depending on the temperature compensation.
- the value related to temperature compensation is the difference or ratio between the output value of each temperature-compensated displacement detector and the output value of each non-temperature-compensated displacement detector, or is temperature-compensated with temperature-compensated torque data. There may be no torque data difference or ratio, etc.
- the value related to temperature compensation may be any value as long as it is a value related to a coefficient or output value in temperature compensation and the effect or influence of temperature compensation can be confirmed. ..
- the temperature compensation unit may be arranged inside the torque sensor, and each torque sensor may output temperature-compensated torque data and temperature data. Further, when the torque sensor is provided with a temperature compensation unit, the sensor temperature determination unit may be arranged inside each torque sensor. That is, the torque sensor may output the temperature determination result of the torque sensor.
- the temperature compensation unit may be arranged in a device arranged in the robot system, such as being arranged in a control device or a robot drive unit integrally provided inside or outside the robot.
- the output of each torque sensor is input to the control device or the like, and in the temperature compensation unit provided in the control device or the like, the value related to torque is based on the temperature data and the value related to torque which are the outputs of each torque sensor. May be temperature compensated.
- the sensor temperature determination unit may be further provided so that the determination result of the temperature state of the torque sensor can be output.
- the sensor temperature determination unit 34 determines whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor 20 arranged on the joint shaft 17a of the robot 1 is an abnormal state, and further, when the temperature state of each torque sensor 20 is not an abnormal state, the temperature is appropriate. Determine if it is in a state.
- a temperature in the abnormal state of the torque sensor 20 for example, a temperature of about 80 ° C. or higher can be adopted. Further, as the temperature in the optimum temperature state of the torque sensor, for example, a temperature of about 40 ° C. or lower can be adopted.
- the judgment of the temperature state in each torque sensor determines whether or not it is an abnormal state in detecting the torque acting on the torque sensor, or whether or not it is not abnormal but is in an appropriate state. Further, the temperature state is determined as to whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an abnormal state when the operator comes into contact with the joint shaft equipped with the torque sensor, and whether or not the temperature state is not abnormal but is an appropriate temperature state. To judge. The purpose of determining the temperature state is to determine whether or not the state is related to the temperature of the torque sensor shown below.
- the torque data detected by the torque sensor does not differ from the value of the torque actually acting on the torque sensor depending on the temperature state of the torque sensor, or the degree of the difference is acceptable. Judgment is made based on whether it is within the range. Further, it is determined whether the output of the temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the torque sensor is different from the value indicating the actual temperature state of the torque sensor, or whether the degree of the difference is within the permissible range. do. Further, it is determined whether or not the temperature-related state of the torque sensor is in a state in which the correct value cannot be calculated in calculating the temperature-compensated torque data, or in a state in which the difference from the correct value becomes large.
- the temperature-related state of the torque sensor may or may not be in a state where the correct value cannot be calculated when calculating the temperature-compensated torque data.
- the temperature of the joint part of the robot is not hot enough for the operator to touch, or the joint part depends on the part of the joint axis of the robot. Judge whether the temperatures of the robots are significantly different.
- the sensor temperature determination unit 34 determines whether or not it is desirable to change the operation of the robot so that the temperature state of the torque sensor is improved by determining the temperature state of the torque sensor. Then, when it is desirable to change the operation of the robot, the sensor temperature determination unit can change the operation of the robot or notify the operator of the state.
- the sensor temperature determination unit 34 is based on at least one of the output value of the temperature detection unit 24 provided in the torque sensor 20 and the temperature compensation value of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit 33. , It is determined whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an abnormal state according to a predetermined determination condition.
- the sensor temperature determination unit 34 determines whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an appropriate temperature state according to another predetermined determination condition when the temperature state of the torque sensor is not an abnormal state.
- the sensor temperature determination unit 34 uses another torque sensor for a value based on at least one of the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor and the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit. By comparing with the value in the above, it may be determined whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state and whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an appropriate temperature state.
- the value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor is the value of time change with respect to the output of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor or the output of each temperature sensor arranged in the temperature detection unit. Or, the value calculated by using the value calculated based on the measured value for each position is shown.
- the value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit includes the output value of the temperature detection unit, the time derivative value of the output value of the temperature detection unit, and the value (change amount) of the time change in a predetermined time. ..
- the value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit includes an output value corresponding to the measurement position of the temperature sensor constituting the temperature detection unit.
- the value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit is the time difference between one temperature sensor and another temperature sensor and the difference between other temperature sensors when there are a plurality of temperature sensors constituting the temperature detection unit. Includes the differential value and the value of the temporal change of the difference from other temperature sensors over a given time. Further, the value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit includes the differential value of the time of the temperature sensor constituting the temperature detection unit and the value of the time change in a predetermined time.
- the value based on the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit is a value related to obtaining the temperature-compensated torque data.
- the value based on the value related to the temperature compensation is a value obtained from the result of the temperature compensation or the value changed by the temperature compensation in the process in the calculation of the temperature compensation.
- the value based on the value related to temperature compensation includes the difference or ratio between the value before temperature compensation and the value after temperature compensation in the torque data, and the coefficient before temperature compensation or the constant term in the calculation formula of temperature compensation. In the difference or ratio between the constant term and the coefficient or constant term after temperature compensation, the difference or ratio between the value detected by the displacement detector before temperature compensation and the value after temperature compensation, and the calibration data. The value obtained from the value before the temperature compensation and the value after the temperature compensation is included.
- the output value Pb of the displacement detector after the temperature compensation can be expressed by ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ Pa + ⁇ 3) with respect to the output value Pa of the displacement detector before the temperature compensation. ..
- the coefficient of the calculation formula at the temperature after temperature compensation is ⁇ 1
- the constant term at the temperature after temperature compensation is ⁇ 3.
- the coefficient of the calculation formula at the temperature before temperature compensation is 1, and the constant term at the temperature before temperature compensation is 0.
- the difference or ratio between the constant term of the calculation formula at the temperature before temperature compensation and the constant term of the calculation formula at the temperature after temperature compensation can be calculated.
- ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 can be used as the coefficient or constant term in the temperature compensation calculation formula.
- ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ T1), ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ T2), ( ⁇ 3 ⁇ T1), ( ⁇ 4 ⁇ T2), and the like can be used as the coefficient or constant term in the arithmetic expression.
- the predetermined determination condition may be a condition for determining the temperature state of the torque sensor according to a value that changes depending on the temperature state of the torque sensor that is predetermined.
- the predetermined determination condition includes a comparison between a value used for determination and a predetermined threshold value, or a comparison between a value calculated for determination and a predetermined threshold value.
- the predetermined determination conditions include determination of whether or not a plurality of conditions are satisfied, comparison of a score calculated by weighting each of the plurality of conditions and a predetermined threshold value, and the like.
- the conditions used for determining whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an appropriate temperature state differ from the conditions used for determining whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an abnormal state with respect to the threshold value in the determination conditions. It may be a value. Alternatively, not only the threshold value in the determination condition but also the value related to the temperature state of the torque sensor used in the determination condition, the determination method, the threshold value to be compared, the coefficient, and the like may be set to different values.
- the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor In determining whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is abnormal, the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor, the value of change in the output value of the temperature detection unit over a predetermined time, or the temperature compensation unit is used.
- the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data may be used.
- the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor In determining whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an appropriate temperature state, the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor, or the change between the output value of the temperature detection unit and the output value of the temperature detection unit over a predetermined time. You may use with the value of.
- the sensor temperature determination unit may use determination conditions and determination values according to the part of the joint shaft provided with the torque sensor in determining whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state. For example, depending on the part of the joint axis where the torque sensor is provided, the specifications or performance of the torque sensor may differ, the load or frequency of use of the joint may differ, or the frequency of contact with the operator or surrounding objects may differ. , The risk of contact with the operator or surrounding objects may be different, or the permissible temperature conditions of the operator or surrounding objects may be different. In this way, when the judgment criteria of the temperature state of each torque sensor are different, it is possible to judge whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state according to the part of the joint shaft provided with the torque sensor. can.
- the sensor temperature determination unit uses the determination conditions and determination values according to the part of the joint shaft provided with the torque sensor in determining whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is the optimum temperature state. It may be.
- the determination criteria of the temperature state of the torque sensor are different, it is possible to determine whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an appropriate temperature state according to the portion of the joint shaft provided with the torque sensor.
- the sensor temperature determination unit determines whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an abnormal state by using the abnormal state determination condition for determining the abnormal state of the torque sensor.
- the abnormal state judgment conditions include a judgment condition for comparing the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor with a predetermined threshold value, and a judgment condition for comparing the output value of the temperature detection unit at a predetermined time with the predetermined threshold value. , Judgment conditions for comparing the compensation value of the torque data temperature-compensated by the temperature compensation unit with a predetermined threshold, and the output value of the temperature detection unit of the torque sensor provided for one joint shaft and the other joint shaft. Judgment conditions for comparison with the output value of the temperature detection unit of the torque sensor are included.
- the abnormal state determination condition can be composed of at least one determination condition among these determination conditions and a predetermined determination value.
- the sensor temperature determination unit has at least one of the determination conditions prepared separately from the abnormal state determination condition, and a predetermined value different from the abnormal state determination value. It is also possible to determine whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is the optimum temperature state by using the optimum temperature state determination condition composed of the determination values. The determination of the optimum temperature state can be determined by the same method as the determination of the abnormal state.
- the sensor temperature determination unit can determine that it is in an abnormal state when the output value of the temperature detection unit exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Further, the sensor temperature determination unit can determine that the temperature is suitable when the output value of the temperature detection unit is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
- the output value of the temperature detector is the typical temperature of the torque sensor, the temperature output by the temperature sensor located at the displacement detector in the torque sensor, or the output of a plurality of temperature sensors arranged in the torque sensor. It may be the temperature to be used.
- the judgment condition for comparing the value of the change in the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor with the predetermined threshold is the amount of change in the output value of the temperature detection unit when the predetermined time is reduced. It can be the amount of change in the output value of the temperature detection unit when the predetermined time is increased. Further, the amount of change in the output value of the temperature detection unit acquired at the end of a predetermined operation repeated by the robot or at the time of pausing may be adopted.
- the sensor temperature determination unit can determine an abnormal state when the value of the change in the output value of the temperature detection unit at a predetermined time exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Further, the sensor temperature determination unit can determine that the temperature is suitable when the value of the change in the output value of the temperature detection unit at a predetermined time is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
- the compensation value of the torque data becomes a value larger than a predetermined threshold value. In this case, it can be detected as an abnormal state in which the error of the torque data becomes large or may become large due to the deterioration of the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- the compensation value of the torque data may be any value as long as it is a value calculated from the temperature-compensated torque data and the non-temperature-compensated torque data.
- the compensation value of the torque data is the difference or ratio between the temperature-compensated torque data and the non-temperature-compensated torque data.
- the sensor temperature determination unit can determine the optimum temperature state when the compensation value of the temperature compensation of the torque data is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
- the temperature provided in the torque sensor is used.
- the output value of the detection unit is significantly different from the temperature state of the torque sensors provided on the other joint shafts, it is determined to be an abnormal state.
- the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor is substantially the same as the temperature state of the torque sensor provided in the other joint shaft, it is determined that the temperature is suitable.
- a predetermined threshold value (judgment value) used in each determination condition detects that the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state, or detects that the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an appropriate temperature state. In some cases, it is preferable to set according to the situation or the purpose of determination. Further, when there are a plurality of judgment conditions, which judgment condition is used, and which judgment condition is satisfied at the same time, the temperature state of the torque sensor is judged to be an abnormal state or an appropriate temperature state. , It is preferable to set in advance. Further, it is preferable that the predetermined threshold value used in each determination condition is set in advance so that the determination shown below can be performed.
- the torque data detected by the torque sensor is not different from the value of the torque actually acting on the torque sensor depending on the temperature state of the torque sensor, or the difference thereof. Judge whether the degree of is within the permissible range. Further, it is determined whether the output of the temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the torque sensor is different from the value indicating the actual temperature state of the torque sensor, or whether the degree of the difference is within the permissible range. ..
- the sensor temperature determination unit cannot calculate the correct value when calculating the temperature-compensated torque data, or the state related to the temperature of the torque sensor becomes a state in which the difference from the correct value becomes large. Determine if it is not. Further, in the sensor temperature determination unit, the amount of change in the temperature state of the torque sensor is large, the temperature state of the torque sensor is getting worse, or the temperature difference measured at a plurality of points inside the torque sensor is large. , Judge whether it is a specific state such as a non-uniform state. In this specific state, the sensor temperature determination unit may or may predict that the temperature state of the torque sensor may not be able to calculate the correct value when calculating the temperature-compensated torque data. Judge whether or not. Alternatively, the sensor temperature determination unit determines whether or not there is a possibility that the difference from the correct value will be large.
- the predetermined threshold value used in each determination condition is preferably set according to the determination condition, the characteristics of the torque sensor, the type of torque sensor, or the part of the joint axis of the robot provided with the torque sensor. Further, the predetermined threshold value is preferably set in consideration of the temperature of the surrounding environment such as the temperature in the working environment of the robot, the temperature of the peripheral device, the temperature of the tool, the temperature of the hand, or the temperature of the object to be transported. Further, it is preferable to set a predetermined threshold value according to the operation of each joint axis or the operation state of the robot in consideration of the load state on the joint axis such as the weight of the object to be transported and the position of the center of gravity.
- the sensor temperature determination unit is compound when making a determination under a plurality of determination conditions based on the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor and the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit. Depending on the conditions, it may be configured to determine whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an abnormal state or an appropriate temperature state.
- the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor is not within a predetermined threshold, and the value of the change in the output value of the temperature detection unit over a predetermined time is not within the predetermined threshold.
- the value for temperature compensation (the value that changes due to temperature compensation) for the torque data detected by the torque detection unit as the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit is not within a predetermined threshold.
- the temperature state of the torque sensor is abnormal when at least one or more of the conditions that the coefficient related to temperature compensation for the torque data detected by the torque detection unit is not within a predetermined threshold is satisfied. It may be configured to determine whether or not, or whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an appropriate temperature state.
- the sensor temperature determination unit compares a value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor, such as the temperature in the torque sensor and the value of the change in temperature in the torque sensor over a predetermined time, with a predetermined threshold value. It may be configured to determine whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state, or to determine whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an appropriate temperature state.
- the values based on the output values of the temperature detectors provided in the torque sensor are the temperature at the plurality of locations of the torque sensor and the temperature at the plurality of locations of the torque sensor. Includes the value of change in a predetermined time, the difference in temperature between multiple points of the torque sensor from other parts, or the value of the difference in temperature between multiple parts of the torque sensor from other parts in a predetermined time. ..
- comparing the value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in these torque sensors with a predetermined threshold value it is determined whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an abnormal state, or the temperature state of the torque sensor. May be configured to perform a determination as to whether or not is in an appropriate temperature state.
- the sensor temperature determination unit determines whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an abnormal state by comparing the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit with a predetermined threshold value, or the torque sensor. It may be configured to determine whether or not the temperature state of the above is an appropriate temperature state.
- the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit is a value considered as a portion where the temperature compensation is performed when the torque data is calculated by the temperature compensation.
- the values related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit include, for example, the difference between the torque data before and after the temperature compensation, the value of the coefficient to be multiplied by the torque data value at the time of temperature compensation, and the torque data in the temperature compensation. It includes a value in which the coefficient multiplied by the value detected by the displacement detector when converting to is changed by the temperature of the temperature compensation.
- the sensor temperature determination unit compares a value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor with a predetermined threshold value, and a comparison between a value related to temperature compensation of torque data by the temperature compensation unit and a predetermined threshold value. Can be carried out. Then, depending on whether or not a predetermined number of determination conditions are satisfied, it is determined whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state, or whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an appropriate temperature state. It may be configured to carry out.
- the sensor temperature determination unit compares a value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor with a predetermined threshold value, and a comparison between a value related to temperature compensation of torque data by the temperature compensation unit and a predetermined threshold value. Can be carried out. A numerical value when each of these comparison conditions is satisfied can be assigned in advance as a score. Then, by comparing the sum of the scores assigned to the satisfied conditions with a predetermined threshold value for the score, it is determined whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state, or the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an appropriate temperature state. It may be configured to carry out the determination of presence or absence.
- the sensor temperature determination unit determines the goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor by determining the value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor and the value obtained from the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit. It may be calculated as the degree of (the degree of good or bad). Then, by comparing the numerical value of the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor with a predetermined threshold value, it is determined whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state, or the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an appropriate temperature state. It may be configured to carry out the determination of presence or absence.
- the sensor temperature determination unit determines the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor based on at least one of the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor and the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit. May be calculated. Then, by comparing the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor with a predetermined threshold value, it is determined whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state, and whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an appropriate temperature state. It may be configured to carry out the determination.
- the operation command unit issues a robot operation command according to the calculated degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- the operation command of the robot may be changed so that at least one of the velocity and the acceleration becomes smaller than a predetermined value.
- the motion command unit may change the robot motion command so that at least one of the speed and the acceleration is multiplied by a predetermined ratio to be smaller.
- the sensor temperature determination unit is based on the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor and the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit.
- the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor may be obtained by calculating the difference from the value of the torque sensor. By comparing the degree of goodness of the temperature state of these torque sensors with a predetermined threshold value, it is determined whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state, or whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an appropriate temperature state. It may be configured to carry out the determination.
- the sensor temperature determination unit has torque as the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor, the value of the change in the output value of the temperature detection unit over a predetermined time, and the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit.
- the sensor temperature determination unit identifies a numerical value corresponding to the value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit from a predetermined numerical value assigned for each range in which a value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor exists. You may. Alternatively, the sensor temperature determination unit specifies a numerical value corresponding to the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data from a predetermined numerical value assigned for each range in which the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the torque data temperature compensation unit exists. You may. The sensor temperature determination unit may calculate a value obtained by adding these numerical values as a degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- the sensor temperature determination unit determines whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is abnormal by comparing the numerical value of the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor with a predetermined threshold value, or the temperature state of the torque sensor. May be configured to perform a determination as to whether or not is in an appropriate temperature state.
- the sensor temperature determination unit can determine a plurality of regions that divide the range in which the value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit exists.
- a predetermined numerical value can be assigned to each area.
- the sensor temperature determination unit specifies a numerical value in a region corresponding to a value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit.
- the sensor temperature determination unit can determine a plurality of regions in which the range in which the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data exists is divided.
- a predetermined numerical value can be assigned to each area.
- the sensor temperature determination unit specifies a numerical value in a region corresponding to the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data.
- the sensor temperature determination unit sets the value obtained by adding the value in the area corresponding to the value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit and the value in the area corresponding to the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data to the temperature state of the torque sensor. It may be calculated as the degree of goodness.
- the sensor temperature determination unit obtains the value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor and the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit by substituting it into a predetermined polypoly (evaluation function).
- the value obtained may be the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- By comparing the numerical value of the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor with a predetermined threshold value it is determined whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state, or whether the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an appropriate temperature state. It may be configured to carry out the determination of whether or not.
- the sensor temperature determination unit uses a value based on the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor and a value obtained by multiplying the magnitude of the deviation between the predetermined threshold value by a predetermined coefficient.
- the value obtained from the combined sum of the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit and the value obtained by multiplying the magnitude of the deviation from the predetermined threshold by a predetermined coefficient is calculated as the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor. You may.
- the sensor temperature determination unit is a value obtained by multiplying the magnitude of the deviation between the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor and a predetermined threshold value by a predetermined coefficient, and the change in the output value of the temperature detection unit over a predetermined time.
- the magnitude of the deviation between the value and the predetermined threshold is multiplied by a predetermined coefficient
- the magnitude of the deviation between the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensator and the predetermined threshold is multiplied by a predetermined coefficient.
- the value obtained from the sum of the couplings with the values may be used as the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- a value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data a value related to the temperature compensation for the torque data (a value added or subtracted from the torque data before compensation) or a coefficient related to the temperature compensation for the torque data may be adopted. can.
- the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor is not within a predetermined threshold, the value of change in the output value of the temperature detection unit over a predetermined time is not within a predetermined threshold, and the temperature. It can be determined that the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the compensation unit is not within a predetermined threshold value.
- the sensor temperature determination unit obtains a value obtained by adding predetermined numerical values assigned to each condition for those satisfying the conditions. , It may be calculated as the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- a value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data a value related to the temperature compensation for the torque data or a coefficient related to the temperature compensation for the torque data can be adopted.
- the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor is not within a predetermined threshold, the value of change in the output value of the temperature detection unit over a predetermined time is not within a predetermined threshold, and the temperature. It is possible to determine that the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the compensation unit is not within a predetermined threshold value.
- the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data a value related to the temperature compensation for the torque data or a coefficient related to the temperature compensation for the torque data can be adopted. When at least one or more of these conditions is satisfied, the sensor temperature determination unit has a predetermined value assigned to each range in which the output value of the temperature detection unit exists, and an output value of the temperature detection unit.
- the value may be calculated as the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- the sensor temperature determination unit acquires values detected by a plurality of temperature sensors from the temperature detection unit when there are two or more temperature sensors provided in the temperature detection unit. Then, the sensor temperature determination unit may determine whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an abnormal state by determining whether or not the output values of the plurality of temperature sensors deviate from each other by a predetermined threshold value or more. Alternatively, it may be determined whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is an appropriate temperature state. For example, the sensor temperature determination unit can determine that the torque sensor is in an abnormal state when the output values of the plurality of temperature sensors deviate from each other by a predetermined threshold value or more.
- the inside of the robot is for the purpose of improving reliability, improving dust resistance, improving waterproofness, or taking measures against electrical noise. Often the airtightness of the robot is increased. Further, the torque sensor is often mounted in close contact with the mechanism inside the robot so as to improve the torque measurement accuracy, and is installed so that the torque is accurately transmitted. The torque sensor may be arranged so that the heat generated in the actuator can be easily transferred. Further, in the working environment of the robot, the robot is affected by the change of these temperatures depending on the temperature of the ambient environment such as the air temperature, the temperature of the peripheral device, the temperature of the tool, the temperature of the hand, or the temperature of the object to be transported. It is in an easy situation.
- the load may be large on the joint axis of the robot.
- the above-mentioned temperature change or the load on the joint axis may change significantly in a short time.
- the temperature of the torque sensor provided in the robot changes significantly, or the temperature changes over a wide range.
- the detection accuracy of the torque sensor may decrease.
- the robot system of the present embodiment can control the temperature state of the torque sensor to an appropriate state. The temperature compensation of the torque data can be accurately performed, and the deterioration of the accuracy of the torque data can be suppressed.
- the robot system of the present embodiment defines conditions for determining whether or not the temperature state of the torque sensor is in the optimum temperature state so that it is determined that the temperature state of the torque sensor is not in the optimum temperature state.
- the robot system can suppress the temperature rise of the joint portion and make the temperature state of the torque sensor an appropriate state.
- the operator may come into direct contact with the robot due to an operation in direct teaching, an operation of stopping the operation of the robot in collaborative work, or an operation of changing the operation or setting.
- the temperature near the joint axis of the robot or the temperature state of the torque sensor provided on the joint axis of the robot is not known, the temperature of the robot may be unexpected or the temperature of the torque sensor provided on the robot may fluctuate. It may not be possible to understand the deterioration of accuracy due to this. For example, when the robot is moved at high speed for a long time in an operation mode that does not assume contact with a person and then used as an operation mode that assumes contact with a person, the joints and torque sensor of the robot are hot. May be.
- Robot joints or torque sensors may be hot. In such a case, even if there is no abnormality in the torque sensor and the actuator of the robot, it is hot for human contact, the detection accuracy of the temperature sensor deteriorates, or the detection accuracy of the torque sensor deteriorates. Sometimes.
- the conditions for determining whether the temperature state of the torque sensor is the optimum temperature state are defined so that the temperature state of the torque sensor is determined not to be the optimum temperature state.
- the robot system can detect that the temperature state of the torque sensor is not the optimum temperature state.
- the operator can change the operation of the robot without using a special device or mechanism or an additional device or mechanism. It can be kept at an appropriate temperature at the time of contact. Further, the robot system can keep the detection accuracy of the torque data of the torque sensor in an excellent state when the operator comes into contact with the robot. Further, the robot system of the present embodiment can reduce the load on the robot when necessary.
- the sensor temperature determination unit can be arranged in any device provided in the robot system.
- the sensor temperature determination unit 34 is arranged in the control device 4 separate from the robot 1, but may be arranged inside each torque sensor. Further, the sensor temperature determination unit may be arranged in a control device arranged inside the robot, a control device integrally formed with the robot, or a robot drive unit.
- the operation command unit 43 changes and outputs an operation command for driving the robot 1 according to the situation.
- the robot drive unit is driven based on the operation command of the robot 1 output by the operation command unit 43.
- the rotational position of the robot 1 on the joint axis is changed, and the position and posture of the robot 1 are changed.
- the operation command unit 43 of the present embodiment is arranged in the control device 4 separate from the robot 1, but is not limited to this embodiment.
- the operation command unit 43 may be included in any device as long as it is a device provided in the robot system.
- the operation command unit may be arranged in a control device arranged inside the robot, a control device integrally formed with the robot, or a robot drive unit.
- the operation command unit may be configured to perform a predetermined operation based on the data stored in the storage unit when outputting an operation command for driving the robot in a predetermined operation. Further, the operation command may be generated or changed based on the output of various sensors. Further, a device including an operation command unit may be connected to an external network. The operation command unit may generate the operation command of the robot based on the data or the operation program related to the operation such as the position and speed of the robot transmitted through the external network.
- the operation command unit 43 changes and outputs an operation command so as to stop the robot 1 when there is a torque sensor 20 whose temperature state of the torque sensor is determined to be abnormal by the sensor temperature determination unit 34. do.
- the operation command unit 43 includes a torque sensor 20 that is determined by the sensor temperature determination unit 34 that the temperature state is not in an appropriate state.
- the predetermined operation command of the robot is changed so that at least one of the speed and acceleration of the robot drive motor 19 of the joint axis is equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- At least one of the speed and acceleration of the robot drive motor 19 of the joint shaft provided with the torque sensor 20 determined by the sensor temperature determination unit 34 to be in an unsuitable temperature state is multiplied by a predetermined ratio to reduce the temperature.
- the predetermined operation command of the robot is changed to.
- the operation command unit Changes the operation command so as to stop the robot and outputs it.
- the operation command unit is a joint shaft provided with a torque sensor that is determined by the sensor temperature determination unit to be not in an appropriate temperature state.
- the predetermined operation command of the robot 1 is changed so that at least one of the speed and the acceleration of the robot drive motor 19 is equal to or less than a predetermined value according to the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- the operation command unit 43 is a torque sensor for at least one of the speed and acceleration of the robot drive motor 19 of the joint axis provided with the torque sensor determined by the sensor temperature determination unit 34 to be not in the optimum temperature state.
- a predetermined operation command of the robot may be changed so as to be reduced by multiplying a predetermined ratio according to the degree of goodness of the temperature state.
- the operation command unit 43 When there is no torque sensor that determines that the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state, the operation command unit 43 must be in an appropriate temperature state by the sensor temperature determination unit 34 in response to a predetermined operation command of the robot 1.
- the speed and acceleration of the robot drive motor 19 of the joint axis provided with the determined torque sensor 20 are changed so as to be small.
- the motion command unit determines all the joints of the robot so that the relative positional relationship when the robot is driven based on the predetermined motion is deviated within a predetermined threshold with respect to all the joint axes of the robot.
- the operation command of the robot drive motor on the shaft may be changed.
- the operation command unit is a robot when there is no torque sensor which determines that the temperature state of the torque sensor is in an abnormal state, and when there is a torque sensor which determines that the temperature state of the torque sensor is not in an appropriate temperature state.
- Robot drive motors for multiple joint axes of the robot so that at least one of the speed and acceleration when the robot is driven based on a predetermined motion is reduced by a predetermined ratio for all the joint axes of the robot.
- the operation command of may be changed.
- the predetermined ratio may be changed according to the numerical value of the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor described above.
- the operation command unit may change a predetermined ratio so that the speed and acceleration become smaller as the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor becomes worse.
- a sensor when reducing at least one of the speed and acceleration of a robot drive motor of a joint axis equipped with a torque sensor determined by the sensor temperature determination unit to be in an unsuitable temperature state in response to a predetermined operation command of the robot.
- the joint equipped with the torque sensor determined by the sensor temperature determination unit is not in the optimum temperature state.
- the robot movement command may be changed so as to reduce the speed of the robot drive motor at the smallest ratio with respect to the robot's predetermined movement.
- the joint shaft provided with the torque sensor determined to be not in the optimum temperature state by the sensor temperature determination unit is used. Use the value with the smallest ratio to reduce the acceleration.
- the robot movement command may be changed so as to reduce the acceleration of the robot drive motor at the smallest ratio with respect to the robot's predetermined movement.
- the control device 4 may include an operation command changing unit that changes the operation of the robot 1.
- the operation command unit 43 or the operation control unit 31 can include an operation command changing unit.
- the operation command changing unit corresponds to a processor driven according to an operation program. When the processor executes the control specified in the operation program, it functions as an operation command change unit.
- the operation command changing unit can change the operation of the robot based on the determination result of the sensor temperature determination unit. Further, when the sensor temperature determination unit determines that the temperature state of the torque sensor is not appropriate after the operation command change unit changes the operation of the robot, the operation command change unit determines at least one of the speed and acceleration of the robot. It is preferable to make the size smaller or stop the robot.
- the operation command changing unit can be configured to change the robot operation command when calculating the robot operation command output by the operation command unit inside the operation command unit.
- the motion command change unit not only adjusts the speed and acceleration of a predetermined motion command, but also generates an motion command to change the position, trajectory, speed, acceleration, etc. of the robot so as to perform the motion according to the situation. You may.
- the operation command changing unit may create or change the operation command of the robot according to the value of the torque data. Further, the operation command changing unit may be configured to change the operation command output by the operation command unit.
- FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of control for changing the operation command of the first robot system according to the present embodiment.
- the control shown in FIG. 4 can be repeatedly performed at predetermined time intervals.
- the operation command unit 43 generates an operation command for the robot 1 based on the operation program 41.
- the sensor temperature determination unit 34 acquires the temperature from the temperature sensor 22 of the torque sensor 20 and determines the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- step 83 when the temperature state of at least one torque sensor 20 is in an abnormal state, the sensor temperature determination unit 34 transmits the information to the operation command unit 43. Control proceeds to step 84.
- step 84 the operation command unit 43 changes the operation command of the robot 1 so as to stop the robot 1.
- step 87 the operation command unit 43 stops the robot 1.
- step 83 when the temperature states of all the torque sensors 20 are out of the range of the abnormal state, the control shifts to step 85.
- step 85 the sensor temperature determination unit 34 determines whether or not the temperature states of all the torque sensors 20 are in the optimum temperature state. When the temperature states of all the torque sensors are within the appropriate temperature range, the operation command unit 43 does not change the operation command generated in step 81.
- the control shifts to step 87, and the operation command unit 43 drives the robot 1 with the operation command generated in step 81.
- step 85 when the temperature state of at least one torque sensor 20 is not an appropriate temperature state, the control shifts to step 86.
- the sensor temperature determination unit 34 transmits the information to the operation command unit 43. For example, if the temperature state of one or more torque sensors 20 is within the range between the optimum temperature state and the abnormal state, the control shifts to step 86.
- step 86 the operation command unit 43 controls to reduce at least one of the speed and acceleration of the robot drive motor 19 that drives the robot 1.
- the operation command unit 43 changes the operation of the robot drive motor 19 of the joint axis on which the torque sensor 20 determined by the sensor temperature determination unit 34 that the temperature state is out of the optimum temperature state is located.
- the operation command unit 43 changes the operation command of the robot 1 so that at least one of the speed and the acceleration of the robot drive motor 19 is equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- step 87 the operation command unit 43 drives the robot 1 based on the operation command changed in step 86.
- the speed and acceleration of the robot drive motor of the joint where the torque sensor is arranged Control can be implemented to reduce at least one of them.
- the robot 1 can be driven so that the temperature of the torque sensor is lowered and the temperature state of the torque sensor is within the range of the optimum temperature state.
- the operation mode in which the operation of the robot 1 is changed so that the temperature state of the torque sensor moves toward the optimum temperature state is referred to as an optimum temperature mode.
- the optimum temperature mode arbitrary control can be performed so that the temperature of the torque sensor arranged in the robot 1 goes within the range of the optimum temperature state.
- FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of another control for changing the operation command of the first robot system according to the present embodiment.
- the control shown in FIG. 5 can be repeatedly performed at predetermined time intervals.
- the steps from step 81 to step 85 are the same as the control shown in FIG.
- step 88 is different from the controls shown in FIG.
- step 85 if the temperature state of at least one torque sensor 20 deviates from the range of the optimum temperature state, the control shifts to step 88.
- step 88 the operation command unit 43 changes the operation of the robot drive motor 19 of the joint axis on which the torque sensor determined by the sensor temperature determination unit 34 to be out of the optimum temperature range is arranged. ..
- the operation command unit 43 changes the operation command of the robot so that at least one of the speed and acceleration of the robot drive motor 19 is multiplied by a predetermined ratio to be smaller. That is, the operation command unit 43 generates an operation command for the robot 1 so that the speed or acceleration is multiplied by a ratio of less than 1.
- step 87 the operation command unit 43 drives the robot 1 based on the operation command changed in step 88.
- the temperature state of the torque sensor provided on the joint axis of the robot may deteriorate even if the temperature state is not a problem for the drive unit including the actuator of the robot. ..
- the deterioration of the temperature state of the torque sensor causes the detection accuracy of the temperature sensor provided in the torque sensor to deteriorate, and the measurement accuracy of the torque data to deteriorate, resulting in a large error in the temperature data. Or the error of torque data becomes large.
- the robot system of the present embodiment suppresses the deterioration of the temperature state of the torque sensor arranged on the joint axis, suppresses the deterioration of the detection accuracy of the temperature sensor of the torque sensor, and suppresses the deterioration of the detection accuracy of the torque data. Deterioration of measurement accuracy can be suppressed. It is possible to suppress erroneous detection of torque applied to the components of the robot, and it is possible to suppress erroneous operation of the robot.
- a special device, structure, or mechanism for cooling the torque sensor or the robot may be provided. Without using it, it is possible to improve the temperature state of the torque sensor provided on the joint shaft of the robot and the temperature state of the joint portion of the robot.
- the robot system of the present embodiment stops the robot when the temperature state of the torque sensor provided on the joint axis of the robot is abnormal. With this control, it is possible to prevent the robot from coming into contact with the operator or surrounding objects with an excessive force, and it is possible to ensure a safe state for using the robot.
- the robot may be continuously moved when the abnormal state has not been reached. For example, in a situation where a robot comes into contact with an operator or surrounding devices, a force exceeding a predetermined value is detected based on the torque acting on the torque sensor, or work is performed based on the detected torque data. Occasionally, the detection error of the torque sensor may be within the permissible range where the abnormal state has not been reached, by taking measures such as providing a margin. In this case, it is possible to continuously drive the robot in a safer and more operable state by improving the measurement accuracy of the torque sensor or setting the temperature of the joints of the robot to an appropriate temperature state. can.
- the temperature of the surrounding environment such as peripheral devices, tools, hands, or objects to be transported, the joint part of the robot.
- the temperature of the torque sensor placed in the robot may become high, or it may be affected by sudden temperature changes.
- the temperature state of the torque sensor reflects the temperature of the device other than the temperature of the actuator including the robot drive motor.
- the temperature state of the torque sensor also deteriorates when the temperature of parts other than the actuator is high.
- it is detected not the temperature of the actuator but the case where the temperature state of the torque sensor is abnormal, or the case where the temperature state of the torque sensor is not abnormal but not the optimum temperature. If the temperature state of the torque sensor is abnormal, the robot is stopped, and if the temperature is not appropriate, the speed at which the robot is driven is not slowed down or forced movement is prevented. Therefore, it is possible to improve safety while continuously operating the robot.
- the temperature state around the robot can be taken into consideration by using the temperature sensor of the torque sensor provided at the joint of the robot. That is, when detecting the temperature of the robot, the temperature of the joint can be detected more appropriately. Further, in the collaborative robot, when the temperature of the joint portion of the robot is too high to be an appropriate temperature, the temperature of the joint portion of the robot can be brought into an appropriate temperature state by changing the operation of the robot. In addition, by changing the operation of the robot according to the temperature state of the torque sensor instead of using the temperature of the drive unit, the temperature state of the joint part of the robot including the surrounding environment can be improved. can do.
- the temperature state of a plurality of torque sensors provided in the plurality of joints is monitored, and even if the temperature of each joint is within an acceptable range, the temperature of each torque sensor arranged in the joint is maintained.
- the condition may vary.
- the operation of the robot can be changed.
- the operation of the robot can be changed so that the temperature states of the plurality of joints of the robot are close to each other. Workers may feel uncomfortable when touching the collaborative robot when the temperatures of the plurality of joints are different from each other.
- the temperatures of the plurality of joints can be brought close to each other, the discomfort of the operator can be reduced and the usability as a collaborative robot can be improved. ..
- FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of the second robot system according to the present embodiment.
- the configuration of the motion control unit 31 of the control device 4 is different from that of the first robot system 6.
- the second robot system 7 includes a worker detection device 25 that detects the movement of the worker.
- Other configurations, actions, and effects of the second robot system 7 are the same as those of the first robot system 6 (see FIG. 3).
- the operation control unit 31 of the second robot system 7 operates with an operation mode setting unit 35 that sets valid or invalidity of the optimum temperature mode. It includes a switching timing setting unit 36 for setting a timing for switching between a normal operation mode for driving the robot 1 according to an operation pattern defined in the program 41 and an appropriate temperature mode.
- Each unit of the operation mode setting unit 35 and the switching timing setting unit 36 corresponds to a processor driven according to the operation program 41. The processor reads the operation program 41 and executes the control defined in the operation program 41 to function as each unit.
- the operation mode setting unit 35 sets the optimum temperature mode to an enabled state or an invalid state as a mode for operating the robot 1.
- the operation mode setting unit 35 sets the optimum temperature mode to an enabled state or an invalid state as a mode for operating the robot at a predetermined timing based on the setting of the switching timing setting unit 36.
- the mode for operating the robot it is preferable to set the optimum temperature mode to an effective state as needed.
- the operation mode setting unit 35 may always enable the optimum temperature mode as the mode for operating the robot 1.
- the operation command unit is provided with the corresponding torque sensor when the sensor temperature determination unit determines that the temperature state of the torque sensor is not the optimum temperature state. At least one of the velocity and acceleration in the joint axis is limited to be reduced, or the movement of the robot is changed so that the load on the joint is reduced.
- the operation command unit 43 controls so that the temperature state of the torque sensor becomes the optimum temperature state, or the temperature state of the torque sensor approaches the optimum temperature state.
- the operation mode setting unit 35 may be included in any device as long as it is a device provided in the robot system.
- the operation mode setting unit may be arranged in a control device separate from the robot, a control device arranged inside the robot, a control device integrally provided in the robot, or a robot drive unit.
- a device including an operation mode setting unit, a switching timing setting unit, and an operation command unit may be connected to an external network capable of communicating with the robot.
- the switching timing setting unit 36 sets the timing for switching the optimum temperature mode to an enabled state or an invalid state.
- the timing for switching the optimum temperature mode to the valid state or the invalid state is a predetermined time, a predetermined state, a predetermined condition is satisfied, a predetermined condition fails, or the like. You can specify the time point or condition.
- the switching timing setting unit adopts a predetermined time after the robot executes a predetermined operation, before the robot executes a predetermined operation, or as a timing for switching the optimum temperature mode to an enabled state or an invalid state. be able to.
- a predetermined time before or a predetermined time after the time when the robot starts a predetermined operation can be adopted.
- the switching timing it is possible to adopt a predetermined time after or a predetermined time before the time when the robot finishes the predetermined operation.
- the switching timing may be configured to adopt when a predetermined signal is input or disconnected.
- the switching timing setting unit can enable the optimum temperature mode before the robot is likely to come into contact with the operator or surrounding devices. In particular, it is possible to enable the optimum temperature mode in advance so as not to waste time as much as possible. In addition, the switching timing setting unit can drive the robot with the optimum temperature mode enabled only in necessary situations.
- an instruction statement for enabling the optimum temperature mode can be inserted after the instruction statement for executing a predetermined operation. If it is necessary to set a predetermined time, a statement that sets the time before or after the operation can be inserted. Alternatively, an explicit execution statement or setting statement may be inserted, such as allowing the time to be set as an attribute of the statement that enables the warming mode.
- a condition such as at what timing the optimum temperature mode is enabled or disabled.
- the operation state of the robot for setting the optimum temperature mode to enable or disable the time before or after the predetermined operation, the condition for executing the optimum temperature mode in the predetermined operation, and the predetermined It may be possible to set the time when the signal of is input or disconnected, or the time for switching the setting.
- the robot executes a predetermined operation from a control device provided in the robot, an input device connected to the robot, or a device connected to the robot in a communication network, before the robot executes a predetermined operation, At a predetermined time, before or after a predetermined time when the robot starts a predetermined operation, after a predetermined time or before a predetermined time when the robot ends a predetermined operation, Alternatively, it may be possible to set the timing such as when a predetermined signal is input or disconnected. In this case, for example, the operator can confirm the work currently being performed by the robot using a communication device connected to the robot via a network, and immediately enable the optimum temperature mode or set a predetermined timing.
- the optimum temperature mode can be enabled with, or the optimum temperature mode can be enabled at any time of the operator.
- the operator sets the mode for driving the robot to the optimum temperature mode, and sets the temperature state of the torque sensor to the optimum temperature when actually performing the work. Can be left.
- the switching timing setting unit may switch the optimum temperature mode to an enabled state or an invalid state at a predetermined time.
- the robot's optimization mode can be enabled or disabled according to the time of the process in which the operator works in collaboration with the robot.
- a signal may be input to disable the robot's optimum temperature mode.
- the second robot system 7 includes a worker detection device 25 that detects whether or not a worker exists in the monitoring area in which the robot 1 is arranged.
- the operation mode of the robot 1 can be switched from the normal operation mode to the optimum temperature mode.
- the worker detection device 25 of the present embodiment includes an approach detection device 25a for detecting the entry of the worker into the monitoring area and an exit detection device 25b for detecting the exit from the monitoring area of the worker.
- the approach detection device 25a detects that an operator is about to enter or has entered a predetermined area driven by the robot 1.
- the switching timing setting unit 36 may enable the optimum temperature mode at the timing when the operator enters or is detected to have entered the predetermined area driven by the robot by the approach detection device 25a.
- the exit detection device 25b detects that an operator has left or has left within a predetermined area driven by the robot 1.
- the switching timing setting unit 36 may disable the optimum temperature mode at the timing when the exit detection device 25b detects that the worker has left or has left the predetermined area driven by the robot 1.
- Each of the approach detection device 25a and the exit detection device 25b is a light curtain, a laser scanner, a TOF (Time-of-Flight) camera, a camera that acquires a two-dimensional image, or a three-dimensional measuring instrument including a plurality of cameras. It can be configured by any measuring device such as. If the approach detection device 25a and the exit detection device 25b can detect or estimate that the worker has entered or is about to enter the predetermined monitoring area, or the worker has left or is about to leave the monitoring area. , Any device can be used. The method of detecting that the worker is about to enter the monitoring area or is leaving the monitoring area may be any detection method.
- the movement of a worker is predicted by measuring the moving direction of the worker, measuring the passage of one or more points, measuring the distance between the worker and a predetermined point, and the like.
- a detection method such as detection can be adopted.
- the method of detecting that the worker has entered or exited the monitoring area may be any method for detecting whether or not the worker is present in the monitoring area.
- the approach detection device 25a and the exit detection device 25b may be realized by a single device.
- the entry detection device and the exit detection device are a control device for another process or a device for managing the process, and the operator is about to enter, enter, exit, or exit from a predetermined area of the robot system. It may be configured to be notified that it has been issued. With this configuration, it may be possible to detect or estimate that a worker has entered or is about to enter a predetermined monitoring area, or that a worker has left or is about to leave the monitoring area.
- the areas monitored by the approach detection device 25a and the exit detection device 25b employ all areas that can be driven by the robot, some areas that can be driven by the robot, or areas that are predetermined by the operator. can do.
- the operation mode of the robot can be set to the optimum temperature mode in limited situations. Can be set.
- the predetermined area can be set outside the area in which the robot can be driven.
- the optimum temperature mode can be enabled before the operator enters the area where the robot can be driven.
- the operator can disable the warming mode after ensuring that the robot is away from the driveable area.
- the switching timing setting unit sets the timing for switching the optimum temperature mode between the enabled state and the disabled state after the robot executes a predetermined operation, before the robot executes a predetermined operation, or at a predetermined time. At that time, the timing for switching the optimum temperature mode to the enabled state or the disabled state may be set so that the temperature state of the torque sensor becomes the appropriate temperature state. In this case, the timing for switching the optimum temperature mode to the enabled state or the disabled state should be set based on the relationship between the movement of the joint shaft provided with the torque sensor during the operation of the robot and the temperature state of the torque sensor. It may be configured as.
- the switching timing setting unit sets the rotation position, speed, and acceleration of the robot drive motor in each joint axis of the robot when the robot operates or performs a predetermined operation at a predetermined time such as when the robot is temporarily stopped.
- the value of can be monitored and recorded.
- the switching timing setting unit is related to the temperature state of the torque sensor, such as the output value of the temperature detection unit provided in the torque sensor and the value based on the value related to the temperature compensation of the torque data by the temperature compensation unit, together with these values. Values and their temporal changes can be monitored and recorded.
- the switching timing setting unit can have a data table based on the data acquired from the present time to a predetermined time before, the data acquired by executing a predetermined operation, or the data acquired in the past.
- the switching timing setting unit may be configured to obtain the parameters of the relational expression of the speed, acceleration, and the temperature state of the torque sensor of the robot drive motor in each joint axis based on the acquired data.
- the switching timing setting unit can estimate the change in the temperature state of the torque sensor when at least one of the speed and acceleration of the robot drive motor in each joint axis of the robot is reduced based on the relational expression. ..
- the switching timing setting unit determines the estimated time required for the robot to perform a predetermined motion based on the robot motion program, the set or specified motion, and motion information such as position, speed, and acceleration. Can be calculated.
- the switching timing setting unit adjusts the temperature so that the temperature state of the torque sensor becomes the optimum temperature after the robot executes the predetermined operation, before the robot executes the predetermined operation, or at a predetermined time.
- the mode may be switched between the enabled state and the disabled state.
- the switching timing setting unit sets the operation mode of the robot to the appropriate temperature state in advance and sets the temperature state of the torque sensor to the appropriate temperature state by the time when the operator works in collaboration with the robot. be able to.
- the switching timing setting unit may be configured to be included in any device as long as it is provided in the robot system.
- the switching timing setting unit may be configured in a control device separate from the robot, a control device arranged inside the robot, a control device integrally formed with the robot, or a robot drive unit. It can be placed in the equipment provided.
- the second robot system 7 of the present embodiment it is possible to set a timing such as a timing or a condition for changing the operation of the robot so that the temperature state of the torque sensor 20 becomes an appropriate temperature state.
- a timing such as a timing or a condition for changing the operation of the robot
- the robot is driven without changing its operation.
- the temperature of the joint portion of the robot can be set to an appropriate temperature in advance without waste, in particular, before the robot is in a situation where there is a high possibility of contact with the operator or surrounding devices.
- the measurement accuracy of the torque sensor can be improved.
- the temperature of the joint portion of the robot can be kept at an appropriate temperature only in a necessary situation.
- the temperature state of the torque sensor can be improved when the robot comes into contact with the operator or surrounding devices.
- the temperature of the joints of the robot can be adjusted to an appropriate temperature such that the temperature is not hot for the operator.
- the operation of the robot can be changed so that the robot can be safely driven. In particular, changes in robot behavior can be restricted when necessary.
- the robot In situations where the robot is unlikely to come into contact with workers or surrounding devices, the robot can be moved in normal operation. For this reason, the working time of the robot system can be shortened, the robot system can be made to perform a lot of work, and the robot can be continuously operated even in a situation where a load is applied to the joints of the robot.
- FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of the third robot system according to the present embodiment.
- the third robot system 8 is different from the first robot system 6 in that the robot 1 includes a display unit and the control device 4 includes a display control unit.
- the robot 1 of the third robot system 8 includes a display unit 50 that displays predetermined information.
- the display unit 50 is arranged so as to correspond to the joint portion of the robot 1, as will be described later.
- the display unit 50 of the present embodiment is arranged at the joint portion of the robot 1 or in the vicinity of the joint portion.
- the display unit 50 can be configured by any display panel such as a liquid crystal display panel or an organic EL (ElectroLuminescence) display panel.
- the display unit 50 may be composed of a plurality of lights such as light emitting diodes.
- the operation control unit 31 of the control device 4 includes a display control unit 37 that controls the display of the display unit 50.
- the display control unit 37 corresponds to the processor of the arithmetic processing unit.
- the processor functions as the display control unit 37 by reading the operation program 41 and performing the control defined in the operation program 41.
- the other third robot system 8 has the same configuration as the first robot system (see FIG. 3).
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of a robot provided with the first display unit according to the present embodiment.
- first display units 51a to 51c having a circular planar shape are arranged.
- the first display units 51a to 51c are arranged at the respective joint portions 17 of the robot 1.
- the first display units 51a to 51c are composed of a display panel capable of displaying an arbitrary image such as characters or patterns.
- the display unit changes at least one of colors, characters, figures, and patterns based on at least one of the output value of the temperature detection unit 24 of the torque sensor 20 and the determination result of the sensor temperature determination unit 34. Can be displayed. Further, the display unit can change the display according to a value related to the temperature state of the torque sensor, a determination result, or the like.
- the display unit is arranged for each joint shaft provided with the torque sensor so as to indicate the temperature state of each torque sensor. It is preferable that the display unit is arranged within a range of a predetermined threshold distance from the joint axis provided with each torque sensor. That is, the display unit is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the joint axis.
- the display unit can display a value related to the temperature state of the torque sensor, a value related to the determination of the sensor temperature determination unit, or a color, a character, a figure, and a pattern based on the value.
- the information displayed by the display unit is, for example, the temperature of each torque sensor and the value of the temperature change of the torque sensor in a predetermined time.
- the predetermined time interval may be any length of time, such as a control cycle or every few minutes. Alternatively, the predetermined time may be a timing determined by the operation of the robot such as the end of the predetermined operation.
- the information displayed by the display unit includes the value of each temperature sensor constituting the temperature detection unit, the value of the change of each temperature sensor over a predetermined time, and when a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged, the information with another temperature sensor. It may be a difference or a value of a time change of the difference.
- the information displayed by the display unit may be a value related to compensation or a ratio thereof when the value related to torque is temperature-compensated, or a color, character, figure, and pattern based on the value.
- the information displayed by the display unit is a value that compensates for a value related to torque at the time of temperature compensation, a coefficient that is multiplied by a value related to torque at the time of temperature compensation, and a coefficient that is used when calculating a value related to temperature-compensated torque at the time of temperature compensation.
- It may be a coefficient to be multiplied by a value detected by the displacement detector at the time of temperature compensation.
- the information displayed by the display unit changes when the value of the coefficient in the temperature compensation, the value of the variable to be compensated such as the difference or the relative ratio when the coefficient is changed by the temperature compensation, or when the temperature compensation is performed. It may be a value related to the calculation of a value related to the temperature-compensated torque. Further, the information displayed by the display unit may be colors, characters, figures, and patterns based on the values. The information displayed by the display unit is the degree of goodness of the value related to the temperature state of the torque sensor, the degree of goodness of the value related to the determination of the sensor temperature determination unit, the degree of goodness of the determination result of the sensor temperature determination unit, or , The degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor may be used. It is preferable that the display unit displays at least one of colors, characters, figures, and patterns changing over time based on the value of a variable or the degree of goodness. Alternatively, the display unit preferably displays the state at the specified moment.
- the colors of the first display units 51a to 51c are changed according to the degree of goodness of the temperature state of the torque sensor obtained by the sensor temperature determination unit.
- the color of the display unit can be changed stepwise so that the color displayed when the temperature state of the torque sensor is the worst is red.
- the display units 51a to 51c are green if they are in a good state, yellow if they are in a slightly deteriorated state, and yellow if they are in a bad state.
- the red color may be displayed.
- the display unit 51a displays red
- the display unit 51b displays yellow
- the display unit 51c displays green.
- the brightness of the display unit may be changed according to the temperature state of the torque sensor. For example, the display unit may be displayed so as to be bright when the temperature state of the torque sensor is bad and dark when the temperature state of the torque sensor is good.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of a robot provided with a second display unit according to the present embodiment.
- a band-shaped second display unit 52a to 52c is arranged in the vicinity of the joint portion 17 in which the torque sensor is arranged.
- the display units 52a to 52c are arranged on the components of the robot whose torque can be detected by the torque sensors arranged corresponding to the joint axes.
- the display portions 52a to 52c are formed so as to surround the constituent members such as the upper arm 11.
- the display portions 52a to 52c are wound around the constituent members so as to extend in the circumferential direction of the constituent members.
- the colors displayed on the display units 52a to 52c are changed according to the determination result of the temperature state of the torque sensor, as in FIG.
- the operator can see the display units 52a to 52c from various directions. Even if the robot 1 changes its position and posture, the operator can confirm the display of the display units 52a to 52c.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of a robot provided with a third display unit according to the present embodiment.
- third display units 53a to 53c having an elongated shape are arranged.
- the display units 53a to 53c may be arranged within a predetermined distance from the joint axis on which the torque sensor is arranged.
- the display units 53a to 53c are arranged in the vicinity of each joint axis provided with the torque sensor.
- Each display unit 53a to 53c is arranged so as to extend from the joint axis toward a component member of the robot capable of detecting torque by a torque sensor.
- the display unit 53a is arranged corresponding to a torque sensor that detects the torque when the lower arm 12 is driven.
- the display portion 53a is arranged so as to extend from the joint portion 17 between the lower arm 12 and the swivel base 13 toward the lower arm 12.
- the display unit 53a moves together with the lower arm 12.
- the display units 53a to 53c change the display color according to the determination result of the temperature state of the torque sensor, as in FIG.
- the display unit may be formed so as to surround the joint portion.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic view of a robot provided with a fourth display unit according to the present embodiment.
- fourth display units 54a to 54c having an elongated shape are arranged.
- the shapes and positions of the fourth display units 54a to 54c are the same as those of the third display units 53a to 53c.
- the display units 54a to 54c may be arranged within a predetermined distance from the joint axis on which the torque sensor is arranged.
- the fourth display units 54a to 54c display at least one of colors, characters, figures, and patterns based on at least one of the output value of the temperature detection unit of the torque sensor and the determination result of the sensor temperature determination unit. Includes two or more areas to be displayed to change.
- the display units 54a to 54c can be arranged so as to extend from the vicinity of the center of the joint portion toward the component members whose torque can be detected by the torque sensor.
- one portion on the side close to the joint axis can be displayed in a color corresponding to the magnitude of the temperature of the torque sensor. For example, if the temperature of the torque sensor is low, blue is displayed, and if the temperature is high, red is displayed. For the other part on the side far from the joint axis (the part of the display portion facing the tip of the robot), it is possible to display a color according to the degree of goodness of the state related to the temperature compensation of the torque sensor. For example, if the temperature compensation is good, blue is displayed, and if the temperature compensation is poor, red is displayed. The state between the good state and the bad state displays a color according to the degree of goodness of the state related to the temperature compensation of the torque sensor.
- a color based on the output value or the judgment result is displayed on the other part on the side opposite to the side where the joint axis is arranged, and another output value or a numerical value based on the judgment result is displayed on the color. You may try to do it.
- another display of the temperature state of the torque sensor is placed on the portion displaying the color or pattern corresponding to the state related to the temperature state of the torque sensor so that the display unit shows a plurality of states. Characters such as values related to the state may be displayed.
- FIGS. 12 to 19 show an example of a display unit 55 having a circular planar shape and being arranged at the joint portion 17, similar to the first display units 51a to 51c of FIG. Further, it is shown that the display of the display unit 55 changes from the time when the temperature state of the torque sensor is good to the time when the temperature state of the torque sensor is bad. In each figure, an image when the temperature state is good, an image when the temperature state is slightly bad, and an image when the temperature state is bad are shown.
- the display unit 55 is composed of a display panel capable of displaying an arbitrary image such as a liquid crystal display panel.
- the display unit 55 can display at least one of colors, characters, figures, and patterns.
- the display control unit 37 of the operation control unit 31 controls the image displayed on the display unit 50 based on the operation program 41.
- FIG. 12 shows a first image displayed on the display unit.
- the display unit 55 indicates that the temperature state is good on the green background.
- the image changes as shown by arrow 92.
- the display unit 55 indicates that the temperature state is slightly bad on the yellow background. Further, when the temperature state becomes worse, the image changes as shown by arrow 93.
- the display unit 55 indicates that the temperature condition is bad on the red background.
- the display unit 55 can display arbitrary information such as the temperature state of the torque sensor or the determination result in characters.
- the display unit can display characters in combination with colors.
- the display portion 55 is arranged at each joint portion. Then, the display unit 55 can change the display so as to indicate the state of the joint portion in which the display unit 55 is arranged. The operator can grasp the state of each joint by looking at the display of the display 55 arranged on the joint.
- FIG. 13 shows a second image displayed on the display unit.
- the temperature of the torque sensor 20 and the rotation speed of the robot drive motor 19 are displayed on the color corresponding to the temperature state of the torque sensor 20.
- the display unit 55 displays the temperature as 25 ° C. and the rotation speed as 20 deg / s on a green background.
- the display is changed as shown by arrow 92. Overlaid on a yellow background, the temperature is displayed as 42 ° and the rotation speed is displayed as 50 deg / s. Further, when the temperature condition becomes worse, the display is changed as shown by arrow 93. Overlaid on a red background, the temperature is displayed as 51 ° C. and the rotation speed is displayed as 100 deg / s. In this way, variables such as the temperature of the torque sensor and the speed of the robot drive motor may be displayed numerically.
- FIG. 14 shows a third image displayed on the display unit.
- the display unit 55 displays various information in addition to the temperature of the torque sensor and the rotation speed of the robot drive motor.
- information on whether or not the robot drive motor is driven State
- the name of the operating program being executed Prog.
- the time, and the date are displayed.
- the display unit 55 can display arbitrary information regarding the driving of the robot 1 or the work of the robot 1.
- the items to be displayed on the display unit 55 by the operator may be formed so that they can be selected by a command statement or the like of the operation program.
- FIG. 15 shows a fourth image displayed on the display unit.
- the fourth image can be displayed when the operator comes into direct contact with the robot.
- the background color is changed according to the temperature of the torque sensor.
- the joint part When the temperature condition of the torque sensor is good or the temperature condition is a little bad, it is displayed that the joint part may be touched because the temperature does not feel hot even if the operator touches it. If the temperature condition of the torque sensor is poor, the joints are displayed to be careful because they are at a temperature that the operator feels hot to the touch. By looking at the display on the display unit 55, the operator can recognize whether or not caution is required when contacting the joint portion.
- the display unit 55 may display a display prohibiting contact by the operator when the temperature state of the torque sensor further deteriorates.
- FIG. 16 shows a fifth image displayed on the display unit.
- the display unit 55 displays the pattern.
- the pattern is changed according to the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- a small colored pattern is displayed.
- the worse the temperature state the larger the pattern and the larger the number of irregularities.
- the operator can recognize the temperature state of the torque sensor based on the size and shape of the pattern displayed on the display unit 55.
- FIG. 17 shows a sixth image displayed on the display unit.
- the figure is changed according to the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- a circular figure is shown when the temperature condition of the torque sensor is good.
- the figure of the arrow is shown.
- the display unit 55 may change the shape of the figure according to the temperature state of the torque sensor of the joint portion.
- FIG. 18 shows a seventh image displayed on the display unit.
- the pattern is changed according to the temperature state of the torque sensor.
- a rod-shaped indicator extending in the horizontal direction is displayed.
- the image changes so that the indicator rises.
- the pattern inside the indicator changes as the temperature state of the torque sensor deteriorates.
- the dot pattern changes to a diagonal pattern as shown by arrow 92
- the diagonal pattern changes to a mesh pattern as shown by arrow 93.
- the displayed color may be changed according to the length of the indicator.
- FIG. 19 shows an eighth image displayed on the display unit.
- the figure of the face is displayed using the outline of the display unit 55.
- the facial expression is changed according to the temperature state of the torque sensor. As shown by arrows 92 and 93, the worse the temperature state of the torque sensor, the worse the facial expression changes in the image.
- the displayed color may be changed according to the facial expression.
- a display unit 50 that displays the temperature state of the torque sensor 20 provided in the joint portion 17 of the robot 1 is arranged in the vicinity of the joint portion 17 or the joint shaft 17 in which the torque sensor 20 is arranged. ing.
- the temperature state of the torque sensor provided on the joint shaft of the robot or the temperature state of the joint portion it is possible to intuitively understand the temperature state of the torque sensor provided on the joint shaft of the robot or the temperature state of the joint portion.
- the operator even when the operator comes into contact with the robot, it is possible to know in advance that the part in contact with the operator is in an unexpected temperature state or the detection accuracy of the torque sensor is lowered. ..
- the operator may avoid contact with the hot joint and contact another joint.
- the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
- the lower the temperature of the torque sensor the worse the temperature state of the torque sensor may be.
- the temperature of the place where the robot is placed is too low, the temperature of the torque sensor may become very low.
- the error of the torque data output by the torque sensor may become large.
- the temperature state of the torque sensor can be set to an abnormal state in which the temperature is lower than the optimum temperature state.
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Abstract
Description
図1に、本実施の形態における第1のロボットシステムの概略図を示す。本実施の形態の第1のロボットシステム6は、ワーク71を搬送する機能を有する。第1のロボットシステム6は、作業ツール(エンドエフェクタ)としてのハンド2と、ハンド2の位置および姿勢を変更するロボット1とを備える。ロボットシステム6は、ロボット1およびハンド2を制御する制御装置4を備える。本実施の形態のロボット1は、6個の関節軸(回転軸)を有する垂直多関節型のロボットである。なお、本実施の形態では、関節軸は回転軸にて構成されているが、この形態に限られない。関節軸は、回転軸以外に直動軸にて構成されていてもよい。
本実施の形態のトルクセンサ20は、ロボット1の関節軸17aに配置されるセンサである。トルクセンサ20は、トルクセンサ20が取付けられた部材に対して力が作用することによって発生する力のモーメントをトルクとして検出する。本実施の形態のトルクセンサ20は、トルクに関する値を検出するトルク検出部23と、温度に関する値を検出する温度検出部24とを含む。トルク検出部23は、ロボット1の関節軸17aに作用するトルクに準じる値を検出する1個以上の変位検出器21を含む。温度検出部24は、トルクセンサ20の温度を検出する1個以上の温度センサ22を含む。本実施の形態のロボットシステム6では、ロボット1の関節軸17aに配置されたトルクセンサ20に作用するトルクを検出または測定し、トルクセンサ20の温度を検出または測定するように構成されている。本実施の形態においては、トルクまたは温度の検出には、トルクまたは温度の測定を含むものとする。
次に、図3を参照して、トルクに関する値の温度補償を実施する温度補償部33について説明する。温度補償部33は、トルクデータまたはトルクに準じる値を温度に応じて補償する。ここでは、トルクに関する値として、トルクの値を含むトルクデータを例に取り上げて説明する。トルクに準じる値についても、トルクデータと同様の方法により温度補償を実施することができる。
Pa:温度補償前の変位検出器の出力値
Pb:温度補償後の変位検出器の出力値
Tc:現在の温度
Tr:基準温度
α1, α2, α3, α4:係数
TRa:温度補償前のトルクデータ
TRb:温度補償後のトルクデータ
Tc:現在の温度
Tr:基準温度
α1, α2, α3, α4:係数
センサ温度判定部34は、ロボット1の関節軸17aに配置されたトルクセンサ20における温度状態が異常状態であるか否か、さらに、それぞれのトルクセンサ20における温度状態が異常状態でないときに、適温状態であるか否かを判定する。トルクセンサ20の異常状態の温度としては、例えば、おおよそ80℃以上の温度を採用することができる。また、トルクセンサの適温状態の温度としては、例えば、おおよそ40℃以下の温度を採用することができる。
動作指令部43は、ロボット1を駆動する動作指令を状況に応じて変更して出力する。動作指令部43によって出力されるロボット1の動作指令に基づき、ロボット駆動部が駆動する。ロボット1の関節軸における回転位置が変えられてロボット1の位置および姿勢が変化する。
図4に、本実施の形態における第1のロボットシステムの動作指令を変更する制御のフローチャートを示す。図4に示す制御は、予め定められた時間間隔にて繰り返して実施することができる。図3および図4を参照して、ステップ81において、動作指令部43は、動作プログラム41に基づいて、ロボット1の動作指令を生成する。一方で、ステップ82において、センサ温度判定部34は、トルクセンサ20の温度センサ22から温度を取得して、トルクセンサの温度状態を判定する。
ロボットシステムは、ロボットが駆動している期間中に、ロボットのアクチュエータを含む駆動部としては問題がない温度状態であっても、ロボットの関節軸に備わるトルクセンサの温度状態が悪化する場合がある。従来の技術におけるロボットシステムでは、トルクセンサの温度状態の悪化によって、トルクセンサに備わる温度センサの検出精度が低下したり、トルクデータの計測精度が悪化したりすることにより、温度データの誤差が大きくなったり、トルクデータの誤差が大きくなったりする。この結果、所定の大きさのトルクまたは力がロボットに作用したことを適切に検出することができなかったり、周囲との接触の検知において誤検出にてロボットが停止したり、ロボットに直接的に力を作用させて移動させるダイレクトティーチングにおいて意図しない動作をしたりする場合がある。
図6に、本実施の形態における第2のロボットシステムのブロック図を示す。第2のロボットシステム7では、制御装置4の動作制御部31の構成が第1のロボットシステム6と異なる。また、第2のロボットシステム7は、作業者の動作を検出する作業者検出装置25を備える。その他の第2のロボットシステム7の構成、作用および効果は、第1のロボットシステム6と同様である(図3を参照)。
動作モード設定部35は、ロボット1を動作させるモードとして、適温化モードを有効な状態または無効な状態に設定する。動作モード設定部35は、切替えタイミング設定部36の設定に基づく所定のタイミングで、ロボットを動作させるモードとして、適温化モードを有効な状態または無効な状態に設定する。なお、ロボットを動作させるモードは、必要に応じて適温化モードを有効な状態に設定することが好ましい。しかしながら、動作モード設定部35は、ロボット1を動作させるモードとして、適温化モードを常に有効な状態にしてもよい。
切替えタイミング設定部36は、適温化モードを有効な状態または無効な状態に切り替えるタイミングを設定する。ここで、適温化モードを有効な状態または無効な状態に切り替えるタイミングとしては、所定の時、所定の状態の時、所定の条件が成立した時、または、所定の条件が失敗した時等の、時点または条件などを指定することができる。
本実施の形態の第2のロボットシステム7では、トルクセンサ20の温度状態が適温状態となるようにロボットの動作を変更する時期または条件などのタイミングを設定することができる。通常はトルクセンサの温度状態が異常状態でない限りは、ロボットの動作を変更せずに駆動する。そして、ロボットが作業者または周囲の装置などと接触する可能性が高い状況となる前に、特に、無駄なく事前に、ロボットの関節部の温度を適温状態にしておくことができる。また、トルクセンサの計測精度を優れた状態にすることができる。更に、必要な状況でのみ、ロボットの関節部の温度を適温状態にしておくことができる。
図7に、本実施の形態における第3のロボットシステムのブロック図を示す。第3のロボットシステム8では、ロボット1が表示部を含み、制御装置4が表示制御部を含む構成が、第1のロボットシステム6と異なる。その他の第3のロボットシステム8の構成、作用。および効果は、第1のロボットシステム6と同様である(図3を参照)。
図8に、本実施の形態における第1の表示部を備えるロボットの概略図を示す。図8に示すロボット1には、平面形状が円形の第1の表示部51a~51cが配置されている。第1の表示部51a~51cは、ロボット1のそれぞれの関節部17に配置されている。第1の表示部51a~51cは、文字または模様等の任意の画像を表示可能な表示パネルにて構成されている。
次に、図12から図19を参照して、表示部に表示される画像の具体的な例について説明する。図12から図19では、図8の第1の表示部51a~51cと同様に、平面形状が円形であり、関節部17に配置される表示部55が例示されている。また、トルクセンサの温度状態が良い時からトルクセンサの温度状態が悪い時まで、表示部55の表示が変化する様子が示されている。それぞれの図では、温度状態が良い時の画像、温度状態がやや悪い時の画像、および温度状態が悪い時の画像が示されている。
第3のロボットシステム8では、ロボット1の関節部17に備えられるトルクセンサ20の温度状態を表示する表示部50を、トルクセンサ20が配置された関節部17または関節軸17の近傍に配置している。この構成を採用することにより、ロボットの関節軸に備えられたトルクセンサの温度状態または関節部の温度状態を直観的に分かるようにすることができる。または、ロボットの関節軸に備わるトルクセンサのトルクデータの温度補償の状況、またはトルクの検出精度などの状況を表示して、作業者が直観的に分かるようにすることができる。
4 制御装置
6,7,8 ロボットシステム
17 関節部
18 回転位置検出器
19 ロボット駆動モータ
20 トルクセンサ
21 変位検出器
22 温度センサ
23 トルク検出部
24 温度検出部
25a 進入検出装置
25b 退出検出装置
32 換算部
33 温度補償部
34 センサ温度判定部
35 動作モード設定部
36 切替えタイミング設定部
42 記憶部
43 動作指令部
50 表示部
51a,51b,51c 表示部
52a,52b,52c 表示部
53a,53b,53c 表示部
54a,54b,54c 表示部
55 表示部
Claims (14)
- 関節軸に対応したトルクセンサを含むロボットを備えるロボットシステムであって、
トルク検出部および温度検出部を含むトルクセンサと、
前記トルク検出部の出力値および前記温度検出部の出力値に基づいて温度補償されたデータを求める温度補償部と、
前記温度検出部および前記温度補償部のうち少なくとも1つの出力値に基づいて、トルクセンサの温度状態が異常状態であるか否か、および適温状態であるか否かを判定するセンサ温度判定部と、
トルクセンサの温度状態が異常状態のトルクセンサがある場合に前記ロボットを停止させるように動作指令を変更し、トルクセンサの温度状態が異常状態でないかつ適温状態でないトルクセンサがある場合に該トルクセンサが配置された関節軸の速度および加速度のうち少なくとも一方を小さくするように前記ロボットの動作指令を変更する動作指令部と、を備える、ロボットシステム。 - 前記ロボットの関節軸に備えられたトルクセンサによって前記ロボットに作用するトルクを検出するように構成された前記ロボットを駆動するロボットシステムにおいて、
トルクセンサを備えた関節軸を2つ以上含む、複数の関節軸で構成された前記ロボットと、
前記ロボットを駆動する前記ロボットの動作指令を出力する前記動作指令部と、
前記ロボットの関節軸に備えられるトルクセンサであって、トルクセンサに作用するトルクを検出する前記トルク検出部およびトルクセンサの温度状態を検出する前記温度検出部を備えるトルクセンサと、
前記トルク検出部の出力値および前記温度検出部の出力値に基づいて、温度補償されたトルクデータを求める前記温度補償部と、
前記温度検出部の出力値と所定の閾値との比較の判定条件、前記温度検出部の所定の時間における出力値の変化の値と所定の閾値との比較の判定条件、前記温度補償部によって温度補償されたトルクデータの補償値と所定の閾値との比較の判定条件、および前記温度検出部の出力値と前記ロボットの他の関節軸に備えられるトルクセンサにおける前記温度検出部の出力値との比較の判定条件のうち少なくとも1つの判定条件と、所定の判定条件の判定値とで構成される異常状態判定条件を用いてトルクセンサの温度状態が異常状態であるか否かを判定し、さらに、トルクセンサの温度状態が異常状態でないときに、別に用意される判定条件のうち少なくとも1つの別の判定条件と別の所定の判定値にて構成される適温状態判定条件を用いてトルクセンサの温度状態が適温状態であるか否かを判定する前記センサ温度判定部と、を備え、
前記動作指令部は、前記センサ温度判定部によって、トルクセンサの温度状態が異常状態であると判定されるトルクセンサが存在する場合に、前記ロボットを停止させるように動作指令を変更して出力し、
トルクセンサの温度状態が異常状態であると判定されるトルクセンサが存在しない場合に、前記センサ温度判定部によって適温状態でないと判定されたトルクセンサが備えられた関節軸の速度および加速度のうち少なくとも1つが所定の値以下となるように前記ロボットの所定の動作指令を変更する制御、または、前記センサ温度判定部によって適温状態でないと判定されたトルクセンサが備えられた関節軸の速度および加速度のうち少なくとも1つに対して所定の割合を乗じて小さくするように前記ロボットの所定の動作指令を変更する制御を実施する、請求項1に記載のロボットシステム。 - 前記ロボットを駆動するモードとしての適温化モードを有効な状態または無効な状態に設定する動作モード設定部と、
前記適温化モードを有効な状態または無効な状態に切り替えるタイミングを設定する切替えタイミング設定部と、を備え、
前記動作モード設定部は、前記切替えタイミング設定部の設定に基づく所定のタイミングで、前記適温化モードを有効な状態または無効な状態に設定する、請求項2に記載のロボットシステム。 - 前記切替えタイミング設定部は、前記適温化モードを有効な状態または無効な状態に切り替えるタイミングとして、前記ロボットが所定の動作を実行した後、前記ロボットが所定の動作を実行する前、所定の時刻、前記ロボットの所定の動作の開始時に対して所定の時間だけ前もしくは所定の時間だけ後、前記ロボットの所定の動作の終了時に対して所定の時間だけ後もしくは所定の時間だけ前、または、所定の信号が入力もしくは切断された時のタイミングを設定する、請求項3に記載のロボットシステム。
- 前記切替えタイミング設定部は、前記適温化モードを有効な状態または無効な状態に切り替えるタイミングとして、前記ロボットが所定の動作を実行した後、前記ロボットが所定の動作を実行する前、または所定の時刻において、トルクセンサの温度状態が適温状態となるように、前記ロボットの動作中におけるトルクセンサが備えられた関節軸における動作とトルクセンサの温度状態との関係に基づいて、前記適温化モードを有効な状態または無効な状態に切り替えるタイミングを設定する、請求項3に記載のロボットシステム。
- 前記ロボットが駆動する所定の領域内に作業者が入ることまたは入ったことを検出する進入検出装置を備え、
前記切替えタイミング設定部は、前記進入検出装置によって前記ロボットが駆動する所定の領域内に作業者が入ることまたは入ったことが検出されたタイミングで、前記適温化モードを有効な状態する、請求項3に記載のロボットシステム。 - 前記ロボットが駆動する所定の領域内から作業者が出ることまたは出たことを検出する退出検出装置を備え、
前記切替えタイミング設定部は、前記退出検出装置によって前記ロボットが駆動する所定の領域内から作業者が出ることまたは出たことが検出されたタイミングで、前記適温化モードを無効な状態する、請求項3に記載のロボットシステム。 - 前記センサ温度判定部は、トルクセンサの温度状態が異常状態であるか否か、または適温状態であるか否かの判定において、トルクセンサが備えられる関節軸の部位に応じた判定条件と判定値とを用いる、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のロボットシステム。
- 前記センサ温度判定部は、トルクセンサの温度状態が異常状態であるか否か、または適温状態であるか否かの判定において、前記温度検出部の出力値および前記温度補償部によるトルクデータの温度補償に係る値のうちの少なくとも1つの値に基づいて、トルクセンサの温度状態の良さの度合を求め、トルクセンサの温度状態の良さの度合と所定の閾値との比較の判定条件および判定値を用いる、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のロボットシステム。
- 前記センサ温度判定部は、トルクセンサの温度状態が異常状態であるか否か、または適温状態であるか否かの判定において、前記温度検出部の出力値と、前記温度検出部の所定時間における出力値の変化の値と、前記温度補償部によるトルクデータの温度補償に係る値として検出されたトルクデータに対して温度補償する値または検出されたトルクデータに対する温度補償に係る係数とを所定の多項式に代入することによって求められる値を、トルクセンサの温度状態の良さの度合として求め、トルクセンサの温度状態の良さの度合と所定の閾値との比較の判定条件および判定値を用いる、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のロボットシステム。
- 前記動作指令部は、前記センサ温度判定部によって適温状態でないと判定されたトルクセンサが備えられた関節軸の速度および加速度のうち少なくとも1つが、トルクセンサの温度状態の良さの度合に応じた所定の値以下となるように前記ロボットの所定の動作指令を変更する制御、または、前記センサ温度判定部によって適温状態でないと判定されたトルクセンサが備えられた関節軸の速度および加速度のうち少なくとも1つに対してトルクセンサの温度状態の良さの度合に応じた所定の割合を掛けて小さくするように前記ロボットの所定の動作指令を変更する制御を実施する、請求項9または10に記載のロボットシステム。
- 前記動作指令部は、前記ロボットの所定の動作指令に対して、前記センサ温度判定部によって適温状態でないと判定されたトルクセンサが備えられた関節軸の速度および加速度のうち少なくとも1つを小さくする場合に、前記センサ温度判定部によって適温状態でないと判定されたトルクセンサが備えられた関節軸が複数存在する時に、
前記センサ温度判定部によって適温状態でないと判定されたトルクセンサが備えられた関節軸の速度を小さくするときには、前記センサ温度判定部によって適温状態でないと判定されたトルクセンサが備えられた関節軸の速度を小さくする比率が最も小さい値を用いて、前記ロボットの全ての関節軸について、前記ロボットの所定の動作に対して全ての関節軸の速度を小さくするように前記ロボットの動作指令を変更し、
前記センサ温度判定部によって適温状態でないと判定されたトルクセンサが備えられた関節軸の加速度を小さくするときには、前記センサ温度判定部によって適温状態でないと判定されたトルクセンサが備えられた関節軸の加速度を小さくする比率が最も小さい値を用いて、前記ロボットの全ての関節軸について、前記ロボットの所定の動作に対して全ての関節軸の加速度を小さくするように前記ロボットの動作指令を変更する、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載のロボットシステム。 - 前記ロボットは、前記温度検出部の出力値および前記センサ温度判定部の判定結果のうち少なくとも一方に基づいて、色彩、文字、図形、および模様のうち少なくとも1つを変えるように表示する表示部を含み、
前記表示部は、トルクセンサを備えた関節軸から所定の閾値以内の距離の範囲内に配置されている、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載のロボットシステム。 - 前記ロボットは、前記センサ温度判定部によって求められたトルクセンサの温度状態の良さの度合に応じて、トルクセンサの温度状態が悪い状態のときに表示される色が赤色となるように段階的に色を変える表示部を含み、
前記表示部は、トルクセンサを備えた関節軸から所定の閾値以内の距離の範囲内に配置されている、請求項9から11のいずれか一項に記載のロボットシステム。
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