WO2022153873A1 - 重合体組成物、液晶配向剤、樹脂膜、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子の製造方法及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
重合体組成物、液晶配向剤、樹脂膜、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子の製造方法及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022153873A1 WO2022153873A1 PCT/JP2021/048823 JP2021048823W WO2022153873A1 WO 2022153873 A1 WO2022153873 A1 WO 2022153873A1 JP 2021048823 W JP2021048823 W JP 2021048823W WO 2022153873 A1 WO2022153873 A1 WO 2022153873A1
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- diisocyanate
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- JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCOC JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=N1 VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATBIAJXSKNPHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-3-carbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 ATBIAJXSKNPHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAAWASYJIRZXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=NC(N)=N1 YAAWASYJIRZXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000213 sulfino group Chemical group [H]OS(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUYXVWGKCKTUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontaethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO VUYXVWGKCKTUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYWIYKKSMDLRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)=O KYWIYKKSMDLRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7607—Compounds of C08G18/7614 and of C08G18/7657
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
- C08L75/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer composition, a liquid crystal aligning agent, a resin film, a liquid crystal alignment film, a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, and a liquid crystal display element.
- a liquid crystal display element used in a liquid crystal television, a navigator, a smartphone, or the like is usually provided with a liquid crystal alignment film for controlling the arrangement state of the liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal alignment film has a function of controlling the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in a certain direction in a liquid crystal display element.
- a liquid crystal display element has a structure in which liquid crystal molecules forming a liquid crystal layer are sandwiched between liquid crystal alignment films formed on the respective surfaces of a pair of substrates. There, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a certain direction by the liquid crystal alignment film, and respond by applying a voltage to an electrode provided between the substrate and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the liquid crystal display element displays a desired image by utilizing the change in orientation due to the response of the liquid crystal molecules.
- a polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film which has been fired by applying a liquid crystal alignment agent containing a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid (polyamic acid) or a solution of soluble polyimide as a main component to a glass substrate or the like has been mainly used. It is used.
- a liquid crystal display element is used, and a lateral electric field method such as an IPS (In Plane Switching) method or an FFS (fringe field switching) method has been studied in view of the demand for viewing angle characteristics (Patent Document 1).
- the liquid crystal alignment film used in the liquid crystal display element of the IPS drive system or the FFS drive system is required to have an orientation regulating force for suppressing an afterimage (hereinafter, also referred to as AC afterimage) generated by long-term AC drive.
- an afterimage hereinafter, also referred to as AC afterimage
- high display quality is regarded as important, and specifications for display defects such as "afterimages" are becoming more and more strict.
- a panel vibration test may be performed as a reliability test of a liquid crystal display element for in-vehicle use. In this vibration test, it is required that defects such as bright spots do not occur.
- the present invention relates to a polymer composition suitable for a liquid crystal alignment agent capable of obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film having excellent resistance to AC afterimages and high film strength, the liquid crystal alignment agent, the liquid crystal alignment film, and the like.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the present inventor is effective in achieving the above-mentioned object by forming a resin film using a polymer composition containing a specific component. We found that there was something, and came to complete the present invention.
- a polymer composition comprising the following components (A) and (B).
- Component (A) At least one polymer (A) selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (a) and polyimide which is an imide of the polyimide precursor.
- Component (B) Polyurethane having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1) and not having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (a) and an imidized structure thereof.
- (X represents a tetravalent organic group.
- Y represents a divalent organic group derived from a diamine.
- Two Rs independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- a 1 is a divalent organic group derived from diisocyanate.
- a 2 is a divalent organic group obtained by removing a hydrogen atom contained in two hydroxy groups from an organic diol. At least of A 1 and A 2 .
- One has a divalent organic group represented by the following formula (EG).)
- N is an integer of 5 or more.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- a polymer composition suitable for a liquid crystal alignment agent capable of obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film having excellent resistance to AC afterimages and high film strength, the liquid crystal alignment agent, the liquid crystal alignment film, And a liquid crystal display element having the liquid crystal alignment film can be obtained. Further, the liquid crystal display element has a high display quality with few display defects.
- the mechanism by which the above effects of the present invention are obtained is not always clear, but it is presumed as follows. That is, since the polymer composition contains a specific polyurethane, the film strength is improved by hydrogen bonding, and the stretchability of the film is improved by introducing a specific ethylene glycol chain into the specific polyurethane. , It is considered that the above effect was obtained.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the polymer composition of the present invention is made of a polyimide precursor having a repeating unit represented by the above formula (a) (hereinafter, also referred to as a polyimide precursor (A)) and a polyimide which is an imidized product of the polyimide precursor. Contains at least one polymer (A) selected from the group.
- the polymer (A) may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- Y represents a divalent organic group derived from diamine.
- the divalent organic group derived from diamine includes, for example, a divalent organic group obtained by removing two amino groups from diamine. Examples of the diamine include the following diamines. The diamine may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- diamines having a photoorienting group such as 4,4'-diaminoazobenzene or diaminotran
- Diamine having at least one nitrogen atom-containing structure selected from the group consisting of a secondary amino group and a tertiary amino group; 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5 -Diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol; 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, Diamines having a carboxy group such as 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and diamines represented by the following formulas (3b-1) to (3b-4); 4- (2- (methyl) Amino) ethyl) aniline, 4- (2-aminoethyl) aniline, 1- (4-aminophenyl) -1,3,3-trimethyl-1H-in
- Diamines having a photopolymerizable group at the end Diamines having a photopolymerizable group at the end; cholestanyloxy-3,5-diaminobenzene, cholestenyloxy-3,5-diaminobenzene, cholestanyloxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid Diamines having a steroid skeleton such as cholestanyl, cholestenyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, lanostenyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate and 3,6-bis (4-aminobenzoyloxy) cholesterol; the following formulas (V-1) to ( Diamine represented by V-6); a group such as the following formulas (5-1) to (5-11) "-N (D)-" (D represents a protective group that is desorbed by heating and replaced with a hydrogen atom.
- tert-butoxycarbonyl Is the basis.
- Diamine having a siloxane bond such as 1,3-bis (3-aminopropyl) -tetramethyldisiloxane, diamine represented by the following formula (Ds-1); Diamines having an oxazoline structure such as (Ox-2); metaxylylene diamine, 1,3-propanediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1, 4-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexylamine), two aminos based on a group represented by any of the formulas (Y-1) to (Y-167) described in WO2018 / 117239. Diamines with bonded groups, etc.
- Ar represents a divalent benzene ring, a biphenyl structure, or a naphthalene ring.
- Two Ars may be the same or different, and any hydrogen atom of the benzene ring, biphenyl structure, or naphthalene ring is a monovalent group.
- P is an integer of 0 or 1.
- Q 2 is ⁇ (CH 2 ) n ⁇ (n is an integer of 2-18), or of the ⁇ (CH 2 ) n ⁇ .
- the two or more m's may be the same or different.
- One or more hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring may be substituted with a monovalent group.
- a 1 is a single bond, -CH 2- , -C 2 H 4- , -C (CH 3 ) 2- , -CF 2- , -C (CF 3 ) 2- , -O-, -CO-, -NH-, -N (CH 3 )-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CON ( CH 3 )-or -N (CH 3 ) CO-, m1 and m2 are independently integers of 0 to 4, and m1 + m2 are integers of 1 to 4. Equation (3b-2).
- m3 and m4 are independently integers of 1 to 5.
- a 2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and m5 is 1 to 5.
- A3 and A4 are independently single-bonded, -CH 2- , -C 2 H 4- , -C (CH 3 ) 2- , -CF.
- X v1 to X v4 and X p1 to X p2 are independently ⁇ (CH 2 ) a ⁇ (a is an integer of 1 to 15). ), -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CON (CH 3 )-, -NH-, -O-, -CH 2 O-, -CH 2 OCO-, -COO-, or -OCO-, and X v5 represents -O-, -CH 2 O-, -CH 2 OCO-, -COO-, or -OCO-.
- X a represents a single bond, -O-, -NH-, or -O- (CH).
- R v1 to R v4 and R 1a to R 1b are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and 1 carbon number, respectively. Represents an alkoxy group of up to 20 or an alkoxyalkyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms. The two ks may be the same or different.)
- Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- the monovalent group includes a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- halogen atom an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- 1 to 10 carbon atoms a halogen atom
- the diamine represented by the above formula (do) from the viewpoint of enhancing the liquid crystal orientation, the diamine represented by the following formulas (do -1) to (do -6), 3,3' - diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether are preferable.
- any hydrogen atom of the benzene ring, the biphenyl structure, or the naphthalene ring may be replaced with a monovalent group.
- the monovalent group include a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Examples thereof include a fluoroalkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyloxycarbonyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyano group and a nitro group.
- the diamine represented by the above formula (O) is preferable from the viewpoint of enhancing the liquid crystal orientation.
- Examples of the nitrogen atom-containing heterocycle that the diamine having the specific nitrogen atom-containing structure may have include pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, indol, benzoimidazole, purine, and quinoline. , Isoquinolin, naphthylidine, quinoxalin, phthalazine, triazole, carbazole, aclysine, piperidine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, hexamethyleneimine and the like. Of these, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, piperidine, piperazine, quinoline, carbazole or acridine are preferred.
- the secondary amino group and the tertiary amino group that the diamine having the specific nitrogen atom-containing structure may have are represented by, for example, the following formula (n).
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- "*" Represents a bond that binds to a hydrocarbon group, and at least one bond to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group of R in the above formula (n) include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group; a cycloalkyl group such as a cyclohexyl group; and an aryl such as a phenyl group and a methylphenyl group.
- R is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- diamine having the specific nitrogen atom-containing structure examples include 2,6-diaminopyridine, 3,4-diaminopyridine, 2,4-diaminopyrimidine, 3,6-diaminocarbazole, and N-methyl-. 3,6-diaminocarbazole, 1,4-bis- (4-aminophenyl) -piperazin, 3,6-diaminoacridine, N-ethyl-3,6-diaminocarbazole, N-phenyl-3,6-diaminocarbazole , Diamines represented by the following formulas (Dp-1) to (Dp-8), and diamines represented by the following formulas (z-1) to (z-18).
- the Y is a diamine represented by the above formula (O), a diamine having an amide bond or a urea bond, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4, 4'-diaminobenzophenone, 1,4-bis (4-aminophenyl) benzene, 1,3-bis (4-aminophenyl) benzene, 1,4-bis (4- aminobenzyl ) benzene, the above formula (do) ), 4- (2- (Methylamino) ethyl) aniline, 4- (2-aminoethyl) aniline, and the group "-N (D)-" (D is desorbed by heating to a hydrogen atom.
- O diamine represented by the above formula (O)
- O diamine having an amide bond or a urea bond
- a divalent organic group derived from a diamine selected from the group consisting of a diamine having a tert-butoxycarbonyl group), which represents a protective group to be replaced, is preferable.
- the above Y satisfies the above configuration, the effect of reducing the afterimage generated by the long-term AC drive can be obtained, which is preferable.
- X represents a tetravalent organic group.
- X preferably represents a tetravalent organic group derived from tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a derivative thereof.
- Examples of the tetravalent organic group derived from the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a derivative thereof include a tetravalent organic group obtained by removing four carboxy groups from the corresponding tetracarboxylic acid.
- the tetravalent organic group examples include a tetravalent organic group derived from an acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a derivative thereof, and a tetravalent organic group derived from an alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a derivative thereof.
- examples thereof include a tetravalent organic group derived from an organic group or an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a derivative thereof.
- the acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups bonded to a chain hydrocarbon structure.
- the alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups including at least one carboxy group attached to the alicyclic structure. However, none of these four carboxy groups are bonded to the aromatic ring. Further, it is not necessary to have only an alicyclic structure, and a chain hydrocarbon structure or an aromatic ring structure may be partially provided.
- Aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups, including at least one carboxy group attached to the aromatic ring.
- Examples of the derivative of the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride include tetracarboxylic acid dihalide, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, and tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide.
- the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a derivative thereof may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the acyclic aliphatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, or a derivative thereof is selected from the group consisting of a cyclobutane ring structure, a cyclopentane ring structure, and a cyclohexane ring structure from the viewpoint of enhancing the liquid crystal orientation. It is preferably a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having at least one partial structure or a derivative thereof.
- the above X is preferably a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by the following formula (t) or a derivative thereof.
- X 1 has a structure selected from the following formulas (X1-1) to (X1-25). * Represents a bond.
- R 1 to R 21 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. It represents an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a monovalent organic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom, or a phenyl group. * Represents a bond. From the viewpoint of enhancing the liquid crystal orientation, R 1 to R 21 are preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- j and k are integers of 0 or 1
- a 1 and A 2 are independently single-bonded, -O-, -CO-, respectively.
- the plurality of A 2s may be the same or different from each other.
- formula (X1-1) include the following formulas (1-1) to (1-6). From the viewpoint of enhancing the liquid crystal orientation, the formulas (1-1) and (1-2) are particularly preferable. * Is synonymous with the above.
- the above X 1 is represented by the above formulas (X1-1) to (X1-10), (X1-18) to (X1-23), (X1-24) to (X1-25).
- Or (X1-26) to (X1-30) are preferable, and the above formulas (X1-1), (X1-5), (X1-7) to (X1-10), (X1-21), (X1). -23), (X1-24) to (X1-25), or (X1-26) to (X1-30) are more preferable, and the above formulas (1-1), (1-2), (X1-5) are more preferable. ), (X1-7), (X1-9), or (X1-26) to (X1-30) are more preferable.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group in R and Z in the above formula (a) include a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a methylene group of the hydrocarbon group as —O—, —S—, and —CO—. , -COO-, -COS-, -NR 3- (where R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), -CO-NR 3- (where R is R).
- Reference numeral 3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.), -Si (R 3 ) 2- (where R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a halogen atom at least one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atom of the monovalent group A, the monovalent hydrocarbon group or the monovalent group A, which is replaced with a hydrocarbon group, ⁇ SO2- , etc. (Fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, etc.), hydroxy group, alkoxy group, nitro group, amino group, mercapto group, nitroso group, alkylsilyl group, alkoxysilyl group, silanol group, sulfino group, phosphino group, Examples thereof include a monovalent group substituted with a carboxy group, a cyano group, a sulfo group, an acyl group and the like, and a monovalent group having a heterocycle.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group in R and Z in the above formula (a) include an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and tert-butoxy.
- a carbonyl group or a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group is preferable, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a methyl group is even more preferable.
- R and Z are each preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- each of X, Y, R, and Z may be one type or two or more types.
- the content ratio of the polymer (A) is preferably 70 to 99 parts by mass, more preferably 80 to 98 parts by mass, out of 100 parts by mass of the polymer composition.
- the polymer (A) in the present invention is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor having a repeating unit represented by the above formula (a) and a polyimide which is an imide of the polyimide precursor. be.
- the polymer (A) may have a repeating unit represented by the above formula (a) and a terminal group.
- the terminal group means a group bonded to the end of the repeating unit constituting the polymer (A).
- the terminal group include an amino group, a carboxy group, an acid anhydride group, an isocyanate group or a derivative thereof.
- the amino group, carboxy group, acid anhydride group, and isocyanate group can be obtained by a usual condensation reaction, and the above derivative can be obtained by sealing the terminal group with, for example, an end-capping agent, as described later. Can be done.
- the total of the repeating unit represented by the formula (a) and the imidized structure thereof is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more of the total repeating units constituting the polymer (A).
- the polymer (A) in the present invention may further have a repeating unit represented by the following formula (U).
- U 1 is a divalent organic group
- U 1' is a divalent organic group derived from diamine
- C 1 and C 1' are independently hydrogen atoms or monovalent organic groups. .
- U 1 is a divalent organic group.
- An example of U 1 is a divalent organic group derived from diisocyanate.
- the diisocyanate may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- examples of the diisocyanate include aromatic diisocyanates and aliphatic diisocyanates.
- aromatic diisocyanate means a diisocyanate having at least one aromatic group.
- aliphatic diisocyanate means a diisocyanate having an aliphatic group and no aromatic group.
- R is an organic group having at least one benzene ring and having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic group includes both an acyclic aliphatic group and an alicyclic group.
- U 1 examples include o-phenylenediisocyanate, m-phenylenediocyanate, p-phenylenediocyanate, toluenediisocyanates (for example, 2,4-diisocyanate trilenate, 2,6-diisocyanate trilenate), 1,4-.
- U 1' is a divalent organic group derived from diamine.
- diamine examples include the diamine exemplified in the repeating unit (a), and the preferred embodiment is the same as described above.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group of C 1 and C 1'in the above formula (U) include the structures exemplified by R and Z of the above repeating unit (a). From the viewpoint of obtaining the effects of the present invention, C 1 and C 1'are preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, respectively.
- U 1 , U 1' , C 1 , and C 1' may each have one type or two or more types.
- the content ratio of the repeating unit represented by the above formula (U) is the above from the viewpoint of obtaining the effect of the present invention. 1 to 30 mol% is preferable, and 2 to 25 mol% is preferable with respect to 100 mol% of the total of the repeating unit (a), the imidized structure of the repeating unit (a) and the repeating unit represented by the above formula (U). More preferred.
- the polymer composition of the present invention contains a polyurethane having a repeating unit represented by the above formula (1) and not having a repeating unit represented by the above formula (a) and an imidized structure thereof. At least one of A 1 and A 2 in the above formula (1) has a divalent organic group represented by the above formula (EG).
- One type of polyurethane may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- a 1 is a divalent organic group derived from diisocyanate.
- the diisocyanate may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- examples of the diisocyanate include diisocyanates (DI EG ) having a divalent organic group represented by the above formula (EG), aromatic diisocyanates other than diisocyanate (DI EG ), and aliphatic diisocyanates.
- the "aromatic diisocyanate” means a diisocyanate having at least one aromatic group.
- the "aliphatic diisocyanate” means a diisocyanate having an aliphatic group and no aromatic group. Examples of the diisocyanate (DI EG ) include diisocyanates represented below.
- R is an organic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms which has an aliphatic group and does not have a divalent organic group represented by the above formula (EG) and an aromatic group.
- Examples include aliphatic diisocyanates.
- the aliphatic group includes both an acyclic aliphatic group and an alicyclic group.
- Specific examples of aromatic diisocyanates and aliphatic diisocyanates other than diisocyanate (DI EG ) include o-phenylenediocyanate, m-phenylenediocyanate, p-phenylenediocyanate, and toluene diisocyanates (for example, trilene 2,4-diisocyanate, 2).
- 6-Trilene 6-diisocyanate -2-methoxybenzene 1,4-diisosocyanate, xylenes 2,5-diisosocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanate biphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanate Diphenyl ether, 2,2'-bis (phenyl4-diisocyanate) propane, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisosocyanate (4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate), 4,4'-diphenylsulfone diisosocyanate, 3,3'- Examples thereof include aromatic diisocyanates such as diphenylsulfone diisocyanate and benzophenone 2,2'-diisocyanate, aliphatic diisocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate, norbornene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimethyl
- a 2 is a divalent organic group obtained by removing the hydrogen atom contained in the two hydroxy groups from the organic diol.
- the organic diol may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Diethylene glycol triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5- Pentandiol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1, , 4-Cyclohexanedimethanol and other alkylene diols; dimethylolpropionic acid (2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) propionic acid), dimethylolbutanoic acid (2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) butanoic acid), 2,3 Carboxy group-containing diols such as -dihydroxybenzoic
- the diol containing a divalent organic group represented by the above formula (EG) is not particularly limited as long as the above formula (EG) is contained in the molecule, but the divalent organic group represented by the above formula (EG) is used.
- the upper limit of n is preferably set so that the upper limit of the weight average molecular weight of the diol is 5,000 or less, and the weight average of the diol. It is more preferable to set the upper limit of the molecular weight to be 4,000 or less, and further preferably to set the upper limit of the weight average molecular weight of the diol to be 3,000 or less. From the viewpoint of enhancing the liquid crystal orientation, the upper limit of n is preferably 40, more preferably 30, and particularly preferably 20. The lower limit of n is preferably 5 and more preferably 6 from the viewpoint of enhancing the liquid crystal orientation.
- the diols containing divalent organic groups represented by the above formula (EG) are pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, and trade names PEG-300, PEG-400, and PEG- manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- Examples thereof are those commercially available under the product names Polyethylene Glycol 400 and Polyethylene Glycol 600 of Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- Preferred specific examples of the diol in which hydrogen atoms are bonded to both ends of the above formula (EG) are pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, and trade names PEG-300, PEG-400, PEG-600, and PEG-manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- polyethylene glycol 400 Polyethylene Glycol 600, or pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol (more preferable average molecular weight is , Polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 400 to 5,000), a copolymer composed of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having an average molecular weight of 500 to 5000, and the like.
- polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol those obtained by anion ring-opening polymerization reaction of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide may be used.
- the polymerization reaction can be carried out using a polymerization initiator (eg, water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc.) and a catalytic amount of base (eg, potassium hydroxide).
- a polymerization initiator eg, water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc.
- a catalytic amount of base eg, potassium hydroxide.
- the average molecular weight of glycol exemplified in the diol containing a divalent organic group represented by (EG) is a weight average molecular weight obtained based on polystyrene by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the polyurethane in the present invention is a polyurethane having a repeating unit represented by the above formula (1) and not having the repeating unit represented by the above formula (a) and its imidized structure.
- the polyurethane in the present invention may have a repeating unit represented by the above formula (1) and a terminal group.
- the terminal groups are as described above.
- the content ratio of the repeating unit represented by the above formula (1) is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more of the total repeating units constituting the polyurethane. Further, the content ratio of the repeating unit represented by the formula (1), in which A 2 is a divalent organic group derived from a diol in which hydrogen atoms are bonded to both ends of the above formula (EG), is a repeating unit constituting polyurethane. 10 mol% or more of the whole is preferable, 20 mol% or more is more preferable, and 50 mol% or more is further preferable.
- a 1 and A 2 may each have one type or two or more types.
- the content ratio of polyurethane in the present invention is preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 20 parts by mass, out of 100 parts by mass of the polymer composition.
- polyimide precursor which is the polymer (A) examples include polyamic acid and polyamic acid ester.
- a polyamic acid a polyimide precursor having a repeating unit represented by the formula (a) in which R in the above formula (a) is a hydrogen atom
- the tetracarboxylic acid component containing the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a derivative thereof and the diamine component containing the diamine are placed at ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C., preferably 0 to 50 ° C. in the presence of an organic solvent.
- the diisocyanate compound can be synthesized by reacting with the tetracarboxylic acid component and the diamine component.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like.
- Examples thereof include 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.
- the polymer has high solvent solubility, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, or the following formulas [D-1] to [D-3] can be used.
- the indicated solvents can be used. These may be used in mixture of 2 or more types.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial reaction can be carried out at a high concentration and then the solvent can be added.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the diamine component to the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 0.8 to 1.2. Similar to a normal polycondensation reaction, the closer the molar ratio is to 1.0, the larger the molecular weight of the polyamic acid produced.
- the polyamic acid obtained in the above reaction can be recovered by precipitating the polyamic acid by injecting the reaction solution into a poor solvent while stirring well. Further, the purified polyamic acid powder can be obtained by performing precipitation several times, washing with a poor solvent, and then drying at room temperature or by heating.
- the poor solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, methanol, ethanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, and toluene.
- the polyimide precursor is a polyamic acid ester
- End sealant When synthesizing the polymer (A) in the present invention, end-sealing with a tetracarboxylic acid component containing a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a derivative thereof, a diamine component, and in some cases a diisocyanate compound, using an appropriate end-capping agent. It may be possible to synthesize a stationary polymer.
- terminal encapsulant examples include acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride, nagic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride, 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, and the following formula ( Compounds represented by m-1) to (m-6), 3- (3-trimethoxysilyl) propyl) -3,4-dihydrofuran-2,5-dione, 4,5,6,7-tetra Acid monoanhydrides such as fluoroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, 4-ethynylphthalic anhydride; Isocyanate compounds such as di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and diallyl dicarbonate; chlorocarbonyl compounds such as acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride, and nicotinic acid chloride; aniline, 2-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol, 4-aminos
- the proportion of the end-capping agent used is preferably 20 mol parts or less, preferably 10 mol parts or less, based on 100 mol parts in total of the diamine component to be used and the organic diol component to be used as needed. Is more preferable.
- the polyimide can be obtained by ring-closing (imidating) the polyimide precursor (A) of the polymer (A).
- the imidization rate as used herein is the ratio of the imide group to the total amount of the imide group derived from the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or its derivative and the carboxy group (or its derivative).
- the imidization ratio does not necessarily have to be 100%, and can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the application and purpose.
- Examples of the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the solution of the polyimide precursor is heated as it is or catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the solution of the polyimide precursor.
- the temperature at which the polyimide precursor is thermally imidized in the solution is preferably 100 to 400 ° C., more preferably 120 to 250 ° C., and it is preferable to remove the water generated by the imidization reaction from the outside of the system. ..
- the catalytic imidization of the polyimide precursor is carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to the solution of the polyimide precursor and stirring at preferably ⁇ 20 to 250 ° C., more preferably 0 to 180 ° C. Can be done.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is preferably 0.5 to 30 mol times, more preferably 2 to 20 mol times, and the amount of acid anhydride is preferably 1 to 50 mol times, more than the amic acid group. It is preferably 3 to 30 mol times.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, and trioctylamine. Among them, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for advancing the reaction.
- the acid anhydride examples include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride and the like. Among them, acetic anhydride is preferable because it facilitates purification after completion of the reaction.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidization can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time.
- the reaction solution may be added to a solvent to precipitate.
- the solvent used for precipitation include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellsolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, benzene, water and the like.
- the polymer which has been put into a solvent and precipitated can be collected by filtration and then dried at room temperature or by heating under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the operation of re-dissolving the polymer recovered by precipitation in an organic solvent and re-precipitating and recovering the polymer is repeated, for example, 2 to 10 times, impurities in the polymer can be reduced.
- the solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, and the like, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of solvents selected from these, because the purification efficiency is further increased.
- the molecular weight of the polymer (A) used in the present invention is the weight measured by the GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method in consideration of the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the polymer, the workability at the time of film formation, and the coating film property.
- the average molecular weight is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- the polyurethane is obtained, for example, by reacting a component (o) containing an organic diol having two hydroxy groups in the molecule with a component (i) containing a compound containing two isocyanate groups in the molecule. ..
- a component (o) containing an organic diol having two hydroxy groups in the molecule with a component (i) containing a compound containing two isocyanate groups in the molecule. ..
- at least one of the component (o) and the compound constituting the component (i) has a partial structure represented by the following formula (EG) in the molecule.
- N is an integer of 5 or more.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the component (o) and the component (i) may each have one type or two or more types.
- component (o) examples include organic diols exemplified by the repeating unit represented by the above formula (1), and "HA 2 -H" (A 2 is A 2 in the formula (1)). The same applies to the diol compound represented by).
- the preferred specific example is as described above.
- the reaction of the component (o) and the component (i) is usually carried out in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent used at that time is not particularly limited as long as the produced polyurethane dissolves. Specific examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl- ⁇ -caprolactam, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, pyridine, dimethylsulfone, hexamethylline.
- Examples thereof include ethyl acid, 3-ethoxypropionic acid, 3-methoxypropionic acid, propyl 3-methoxypropionate, butyl 3-methoxypropionate, diglime or 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. These may be used alone or in combination. Further, a solvent that does not dissolve polyurethane may be used, or may be mixed with the above solvent. Further, since the water content in the organic solvent causes an inhibition of the polymerization reaction, it is preferable to use a dehydrated and dried organic solvent.
- the method for synthesizing polyurethane obtained by reacting the component (o) containing an organic diol used in the present invention with the component (i) containing a diisocyanate compound containing two isocyanate groups in the molecule is the same as the component (o).
- the reaction with the diisocyanate compound may be carried out after mixing the two or more kinds of organic diols, or each organic diol and the diisocyanate compound may be reacted separately. good. Further, after reacting the organic diol with the diisocyanate compound, the obtained terminal isocyanate compound may be further reacted with another organic diol compound, which may be further reacted with the diisocyanate compound. The same applies when two or more types of diisocyanate compounds are used. In this way, the desired polyurethane can be produced.
- the reaction temperature of the component (o) and the component (i) is preferably 0 to 160 ° C, more preferably 10 to 150 ° C.
- the reaction time can be appropriately selected depending on the reaction scale and the reaction conditions adopted. If necessary, the reaction may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst such as a tertiary amine, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a metal such as tin, zinc, titanium or cobalt, or a semi-metal compound.
- the total concentration of the component (o) and the component (i) is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass in the reaction solution.
- the initial reaction can be carried out at a high concentration, after which an organic solvent can be added.
- the molecular weight of the polyurethane used in the present invention is 4 by weight average molecular weight measured by the GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method in consideration of the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the film, the workability at the time of film formation, and the coating film property. It is preferably 000 to 80,000, more preferably 6,000 to 60,000.
- the polymer composition of the present invention may contain other polymers other than the polymer (A) and polyurethane.
- other polymers include polyimide precursors other than the polymer (A) or imidized products thereof, polyurethanes other than the above polyurethanes, polysiloxanes, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyorganosiloxanes, cellulose derivatives, polyacetals, and the like.
- Polyester derivatives poly (styrene-maleic acid anhydride) copolymers, poly (isobutylene-maleic acid anhydride) copolymers, poly (vinyl ether-maleic acid anhydride) copolymers, poly (styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivatives , Polymers selected from the group consisting of poly (meth) acrylates and the like.
- Specific examples of the poly (styrene-maleic anhydride) copolymer include SMA1000, 2000, 3000 (manufactured by Cray Valley), GSM301 (manufactured by Gifu Cellac), and the like, and poly (isobutylene-maleic anhydride).
- the copolymer examples include Isoban-600 (manufactured by Kuraray), and specific examples of the poly (vinyl ether-maleic anhydride) copolymer include GANTREZ AN-139 (methyl vinyl ether maleic anhydride resin). , Made by ISP Japan).
- the other polymers one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content ratio of the other polymers is preferably 90 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 to 90 parts by mass, and 20 to 80 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polymers contained in the polymer composition. More preferred.
- the polymer composition according to the present invention is preferably a liquid composition in which the polymer (A) and polyurethane are dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent contained in the polymer composition is not particularly limited as long as the polymer components are uniformly dissolved, but N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide or ⁇ -butyrolactone are preferable.
- the content of the good solvent is preferably 20 to 99% by mass, more preferably 20 to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably 30 to 80% by mass, based on the total amount of the solvent contained in the polymer composition.
- a solvent for improving the coatability when the polymer composition is applied and the surface smoothness of the coating film is used in combination. It is preferable to use the mixed solvent obtained. Specific examples of the poor solvent used in combination are described below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the content of the poor solvent is preferably 1 to 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, and particularly preferably 20 to 70% by mass, based on the total amount of the solvent contained in the polymer composition.
- the type and content of the poor solvent are appropriately selected according to the liquid crystal alignment agent coating device, coating conditions, coating environment, and the like.
- the poor solvent examples include diisopropyl ether, diisobutyl ether, diisobutylcarbinol (2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, 1,2-butoxyethane, and diethylene glycol.
- N-butyl acetate propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, 4-methyl-2-pentyl acetate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, ethyl 3-methoxypropionate, 3-methoxypropion
- propyl acid butyl 3-methoxypropionate
- n-butyl lactate isoamyl lactate
- diisobutylcarbinol diisobutylcarbinol, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene.
- Glycol monobutyl ether acetate or diisobutyl ketone is preferred.
- Preferred combinations of good and poor solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and N-methyl-2-.
- the polymer composition of the present invention may additionally contain a component other than the polymer component and the organic solvent (hereinafter, also referred to as an additive component).
- additive components include crosslinkable compounds, functional silane compounds, metal chelate compounds, curing accelerators, surfactants, antioxidants, sensitizers, preservatives, dielectric constants of resin films, and electrical resistance.
- examples include compounds for adjustment.
- the crosslinkable compound include a crosslinkable compound having at least one substituent selected from an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an oxetanyl group, a cyclocarbonate group, a blocked isocyanate group, a hydroxy group and an alkoxy group (c-1).
- At least one crosslinkable compound selected from the group consisting of the crosslinkable compound (c-2) having a polymerizable unsaturated group is contained in the above-mentioned crosslinkable compound.
- Preferred specific examples of the crosslinkable compounds (c-1) and (c-2) include the following compounds.
- Examples of the compound having an epoxy group (c-1) include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, and the like.
- isocyanurate compounds such as triglycidyl isocyanurate such as TEPIC (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.), and compounds described in paragraph [0037] of JP-A-10-338880.
- Examples of the compound having an isocyanate group include the above-mentioned diisocyanate compounds;
- the compound (c-1) having an oxetane group 1,4-bis ⁇ [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methoxy] methyl ⁇ benzene (alon oxetane OXT-121 (XDO)), di [2- (3) -Oxetane) butyl] ether (Aron oxetane OXT-221 (DOX)), 1,4-bis [(3-ethyloxetane-3-yl) methoxy] benzene (HQOX), 1,3-bis [(3-ethyl) Oxetane-3-yl) Benzene] Benzene (RSOX), 1,2-bis [(3-ethyloxetane-3-yl) methoxy] benzene (CTX),
- As the compound (c-1) having a cyclocarbonate group N, N, N', N'-tetrakis [(2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl) methyl] -4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane , N, N'-bis [(2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl] -1,3-phenylenediamine, compounds according to WO2011 / 155577, etc .;
- Coronate AP Stable M Coronate 2503, 2515, 2507, 2513, 2555, Millionate MS-50 (all manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), Takenate B-830, B-815N, B-820NSU, B-842N, B-846N, B-870N, B-874N, B-882N (all manufactured by Mitsui
- a crosslinkable compound (c-2) having a polymerizable unsaturated group glycerin mono (meth) acrylate, glycerin di (meth) acrylate (1,2-, 1,3- compound mixture), glycerin tris (meth) acrylate , Glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate di (meth) acrylate, pentaeristol tri (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, penta Ethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, hexaethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate
- crosslinkable compounds (c-1) and (c-2) include compounds represented by any of the following formulas (CL-1) to (CL-12).
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the crosslinkable compound used in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention may be one kind or a combination of two or more kinds.
- the content of the crosslinkable compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is 0.1 to 150 parts by mass, 0.1 to 100 parts by mass, or 1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components. It is a department.
- Examples of the compound for adjusting the dielectric constant and the electric resistance of the resin film include monoamines having a nitrogen atom-containing aromatic heterocycle such as 3-picorylamine.
- a monoamine having a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle is used, it is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the polymer composition. ⁇ 20 parts by mass.
- Preferred specific examples of the functional silane compound are 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
- the solid content concentration in the polymer composition (the ratio of the total mass of the components other than the solvent of the polymer composition to the total mass of the polymer composition) is appropriately selected in consideration of viscosity, volatility and the like. , Preferably in the range of 1 to 10% by mass. That is, the polymer composition is applied to the surface of the substrate as described later, and preferably heated to form a resin film.
- the range of particularly preferable solid content concentration differs depending on the method used when applying the polymer composition to the substrate.
- the solid content concentration is particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 to 4.5% by mass.
- the solid content concentration is in the range of 3 to 9% by mass, and the solution viscosity is in the range of 12 to 50 mPa ⁇ s.
- the solid content concentration is in the range of 1 to 5% by mass and the solution viscosity is in the range of 3 to 15 mPa ⁇ s.
- the temperature at which the polymer composition is prepared is preferably 10 to 50 ° C, more preferably 20 to 30 ° C.
- the polymer composition described above can be applied on a substrate, for example, and preferably heat-treated to volatilize the solvent component to form a resin film.
- the polymer composition and resin film according to the present invention can be effectively applied to various technical applications, for example, liquid crystal alignment agent, electronic circuit material, semiconductor material, electrical insulating material, electric wire coating material, lighting application, molding. It can be applied to various uses such as materials. Specifically, it can be applied to various resin films provided in display elements, semiconductor elements, actuators such as motors, various sensors such as piezoelectric sensors and charcoal sensors, and liquid crystal alignment films (liquid crystal alignment films for retardation films).
- Liquid crystal alignment film for scanning antennas and liquid crystal array antennas or liquid crystal alignment film for transmission scattering type liquid crystal photochromic elements Liquid crystal alignment film for scanning antennas and liquid crystal array antennas or liquid crystal alignment film for transmission scattering type liquid crystal photochromic elements
- protective film eg, protective film for color filters
- spacer film interlayer insulating film
- antireflection Examples thereof include a membrane, a wiring coating membrane, an antistatic film, an electric motor insulating membrane (gate insulating membrane of a flexible display), and the like.
- the polymer composition according to the present invention can be preferably applied as a liquid crystal alignment agent.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent according to the present invention comprises the polymer composition according to the present invention. That is, the liquid crystal alignment agent according to the present invention contains the above-mentioned polymer (A) and polyurethane, similarly to the polymer composition. Moreover, it is preferable to contain at least one of other polymers, organic solvents and additive components.
- the description of the polymer composition can be applied to the specific examples of the polymer (A), polyurethane, other polymers, organic solvents, and additive components, the blending ratio, the solid content concentration, and the like. ..
- the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention includes a liquid crystal alignment film formed by using the polymer composition or the liquid crystal alignment agent.
- the operation mode of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and is, for example, TN type, STN (Super Twisted Nematic) type, vertically oriented type (including VA-MVA type, VA-PVA type, etc.), and in-plane switching. It can be applied to various operation modes such as a type (IPS type), an FFS type, and an optical compensation bend type (OCB type).
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention includes, for example, a method including the following steps (1) to (4), a method including steps (1) to (2) and (4), steps (1) to (3), (4). It can be produced by a method including -2) and (4-4) or a method including steps (1) to (3), (4-3) and (4-4).
- the step (1) is a step of applying the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention on the substrate.
- Specific examples of the step (1) are as follows.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is applied to one surface of a substrate provided with a patterned transparent conductive film by an appropriate coating method such as a roll coater method, a spin coating method, a printing method, or an inkjet method.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used together with the glass substrate and the silicon nitride substrate.
- the reflective liquid crystal display element if only one side of the substrate is used, an opaque object such as a silicon wafer can be used, and in this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can also be used for the electrode.
- a substrate provided with an electrode made of a transparent conductive film or a metal film patterned in a comb tooth shape and a facing substrate not provided with an electrode are used.
- Examples of the method of applying the liquid crystal alignment agent to the substrate to form a film include screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, inkjet method, spray method and the like. Of these, the coating and film forming methods by the inkjet method can be preferably used.
- the step (2) is a step of firing the liquid crystal alignment agent applied on the substrate to form a film.
- Specific examples of the step (2) are as follows. After applying the liquid crystal aligning agent on the substrate in the step (1), the solvent is evaporated by a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation type oven or an IR (infrared) type oven, or a polyamic acid or a polyamic acid ester is used. Thermal imidization can be performed.
- the drying and firing steps after applying the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention can be performed at any temperature and time, and may be performed a plurality of times.
- the temperature for reducing the solvent of the liquid crystal alignment agent can be, for example, 40 to 180 ° C.
- the firing time is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 1 to 10 minutes or 1 to 5 minutes.
- a step of firing in a temperature range of, for example, 150 to 300 ° C. or 150 to 250 ° C. may be added after the above step.
- the firing time is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a firing time of 5 to 40 minutes or 5 to 30 minutes. If the film thickness after firing is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may decrease. Therefore, the film thickness is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the step (3) is, in some cases, a step of orienting the film obtained in the step (2). That is, in a horizontally oriented liquid crystal display element such as an IPS system or an FFS system, the coating film is subjected to an alignment ability imparting treatment. On the other hand, in a vertically oriented liquid crystal display element such as a VA method or a PSA mode, the formed coating film can be used as it is as a liquid crystal alignment film, but the coating film may be subjected to an alignment ability imparting treatment. Examples of the liquid crystal alignment film alignment treatment method include a rubbing treatment method and a photoalignment treatment method.
- the surface of the film-like material is irradiated with radiation deflected in a certain direction, and in some cases, heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. to achieve liquid crystal orientation (liquid crystal alignment).
- heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. to achieve liquid crystal orientation (liquid crystal alignment).
- the radiation ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 100 to 800 nm or visible light can be used. Among them, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of preferably 100 to 400 nm, more preferably 200 to 400 nm.
- the irradiation amount of the above radiation is preferably 1 to 10,000 mJ / cm 2 . Of these, 100 to 5,000 mJ / cm 2 is preferable.
- the substrate having the film-like substance may be irradiated while being heated at 50 to 250 ° C.
- the liquid crystal alignment film thus produced can stably orient liquid crystal molecules in a certain direction.
- the liquid crystal alignment film irradiated with polarized radiation can be contact-treated with water or a solvent, or the liquid crystal alignment film irradiated with radiation can be heat-treated.
- the solvent used for the contact treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that dissolves the decomposition product generated from the film-like material by irradiation with radiation.
- Specific examples include water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate, butyl cellosolve, ethyl lactate, methyl lactate, diacetone alcohol, 3-.
- Examples thereof include methyl methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate and the like.
- water, 2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol or ethyl lactate is preferable, and water, 1-methoxy-2-propanol or ethyl lactate is more preferable, from the viewpoint of versatility and solvent safety.
- the solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the temperature of the heat treatment for the above-mentioned radiation-irradiated coating film is more preferably 50 to 300 ° C, further preferably 120 to 250 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 1 to 30 minutes, respectively.
- Step (4) Step of manufacturing a liquid crystal cell> Two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed as described above are prepared, and the liquid crystal is arranged between the two substrates arranged opposite to each other. Specifically, the following two methods can be mentioned. In the first method, first, two substrates are arranged to face each other with a gap (cell gap) so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other. Next, the peripheral portions of the two substrates are bonded together using a sealant, and the liquid crystal composition is injected and filled into the surface of the substrate and the cell gap partitioned by the sealant to contact the film surface, and then the injection holes are sealed. Stop.
- the liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, and various liquid crystal compositions having at least one liquid crystal compound (liquid crystal molecule) having a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy can be used.
- a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy will also be referred to as a positive liquid crystal
- a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy will also be referred to as a negative liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal composition comprises a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a fluorine atom-containing group (eg, trifluoromethyl group), a cyano atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an isothiocyanate group, a heterocycle, a cycloalkane, and the like. It may contain a liquid crystal compound having a cycloalkene, a steroid skeleton, a benzene ring, or a naphthalene ring, and a compound having two or more rigid sites (mesogen skeleton) expressing liquidity in the molecule (for example, two rigid biphenyls).
- the liquid crystal composition may be a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a nematic phase, a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a smectic phase, or a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a cholesteric phase.
- additives may be further added from the viewpoint of improving the liquid crystal orientation.
- Such additives are photopolymerizable monomers such as compounds having the following polymerizable groups; optically active compounds (eg, S-811 manufactured by Merck Co., Ltd.); antioxidants; UV absorbers; Examples include dyes; antifoaming agents; polymerization initiators; or polymerization inhibitors.
- Examples of the positive liquid crystal display include ZLI-2293, ZLI-4792, MLC-2003, MLC-2041, and MLC-7081 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.
- Examples of the negative liquid crystal include MLC-6608, MLC-6609, MLC-6610, MLC-6882, MLC-6886, MLC-7026, MLC-7026-000, MLC-7026-100, or MLC- 7029 and the like can be mentioned.
- MLC-3023 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc. can be mentioned as a liquid crystal containing a compound having a polymerizable group.
- the second method is a method called an ODF (One Drop Fill) method.
- ODF One Drop Fill
- an ultraviolet light-curable sealant is applied to a predetermined place on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and the liquid crystal composition is further applied to a predetermined number of places on the liquid crystal alignment film surface. Is dropped. Then, the other substrate is attached so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other, and the liquid crystal composition is spread over the entire surface of the substrate and brought into contact with the film surface. Next, the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet light to cure the sealant.
- the two substrates are arranged so as to face each other so that the rubbing directions of the coating films are opposite to each other at a predetermined angle, for example, orthogonal or antiparallel.
- the sealing agent for example, an epoxy resin containing an aluminum oxide sphere as a curing agent and a spacer can be used.
- the liquid crystal include a nematic liquid crystal and a smectic liquid crystal, and among them, the nematic liquid crystal is preferable.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention has a liquid crystal composition having a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and contains a polymerizable compound that is polymerized by at least one of active energy rays and heat between the pair of substrates. Also on a liquid crystal display element (PSA type liquid crystal display element) manufactured through a step of arranging an object and polymerizing a polymerizable compound by at least one of irradiation and heating of active energy rays while applying a voltage between electrodes. It is preferably used.
- PSA type liquid crystal display element manufactured through a step of arranging an object and polymerizing a polymerizable compound by at least one of irradiation and heating of active energy rays while applying a voltage between electrodes. It is preferably used.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention has a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and has a polymerizable group polymerized between the pair of substrates by at least one of active energy rays and heat. It is also preferably used for a liquid crystal display element (SC-PVA mode type liquid crystal display element) manufactured through a step of arranging a liquid crystal alignment film containing the liquid crystal alignment film and applying a voltage between the electrodes.
- SC-PVA mode type liquid crystal display element liquid crystal display element manufactured through a step of arranging a liquid crystal alignment film containing the liquid crystal alignment film and applying a voltage between the electrodes.
- Step (4-2) In the case of PSA type liquid crystal display element> The procedure is the same as in (4) above except that the liquid crystal composition containing the polymerizable compound is injected or dropped.
- the polymerizable compound include a polymerizable compound having one or more polymerizable unsaturated groups in the molecule such as an acrylate group and a methacrylate group.
- a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element may be adopted through a step of irradiating ultraviolet rays, which will be described later. According to this method, a liquid crystal display element having an excellent response speed can be obtained with a small amount of light irradiation, as in the case of manufacturing the PSA type liquid crystal display element.
- the compound having a polymerizable group may be a compound having one or more polymerizable unsaturated groups in the molecule, and the content thereof is 0.1 to 30 with respect to 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components. It is preferably parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass.
- the above-mentioned polymerizable group may be contained in the polymer used as the liquid crystal aligning agent, and as such a polymer, for example, a diamine component containing a diamine having the above-mentioned photopolymerizable group at the terminal is used in the reaction. Examples thereof include the obtained polymer.
- Step (4-4) Step of irradiating ultraviolet rays>
- the liquid crystal cell is irradiated with light in a state where a voltage is applied between the conductive films of the pair of substrates obtained in (4-2) or (4-3) above.
- the voltage applied here can be, for example, a direct current or an alternating current of 5 to 50 V.
- the light to be irradiated for example, ultraviolet rays containing light having a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm and visible light can be used, but ultraviolet rays containing light having a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm are preferable.
- the light source of the irradiation light for example, a low pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a heavy hydrogen lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon resonance lamp, a xenon lamp, an excima laser and the like can be used.
- the irradiation amount of light is preferably 1,000 to 200,000 J / m 2 , and more preferably 1,000 to 100,000 J / m 2 .
- a liquid crystal display element can be obtained by attaching a polarizing plate to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell.
- a polarizing plate attached to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell a polarizing plate called "H film” in which polyvinyl alcohol is stretched and oriented to absorb iodine is sandwiched between cellulose acetate protective films or the H film itself.
- a polarizing plate made of the above can be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be effectively applied to various devices, for example, a clock, a portable game, a word processor, a notebook computer, a car navigation system, a cam coder, a PDA, a digital camera, a mobile phone, a smartphone, and the like. It can be used for various display devices such as various monitors, liquid crystal televisions, and information displays.
- DI-1 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (diol)
- EG-1 Polyethylene Glycol 400 (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) (In the formula (EG), a diol having an organic group in which R is a hydrogen atom and n is 5 or more)
- EG-2 Polyethylene Glycol 600 (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) (In the formula (EG), a diol having an organic group in which R is a hydrogen atom and n is 5 or more)
- EG-3 Ethylene Glycol (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) (diol having an organic group in which R is a hydrogen atom and n is 1 in the formula (EG))
- EG-4 Diethylene Glycol (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) (diol having an organic group in which R is a hydrogen atom and n is 2 in the formula
- the viscosity of the polymer solution was determined by using an E-type viscometer TVE-22H (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.), a sample volume of 1.1 mL, a cone rotor TE-1 (1 ° 34', R24), and a temperature of 25. Measured at ° C.
- PAA-I polyamic acid
- this polyimide powder (9.60 g) is separated into a 100 mL triangular flask containing a stirrer, NMP (70.4 g) is added, and the mixture is dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours.
- a solution of polyimide (polymer-7) was obtained (viscosity: 76 mPa ⁇ s).
- Example 1 A solution (5.83 g) of the polymer (polymer-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and a solution (polymer-7) of the polymer (polymer-7) obtained in Synthesis Example 7 were placed in a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a stirrer. 0.28 g) was weighed, NMP (0.59 g), GBL (9.30 g) and BCS (4.00 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (1).
- Liquid crystal alignment agents (2) to (24) were obtained by performing the same operations as in Example 1 except that the types and amounts of the polymer solutions, solvents, and additives used were changed as shown in Table 3 below. rice field. Of the additives in Table 3, AD-1 to AD-3 were added as NMP solutions containing 10% by mass, respectively. When additives (AD-1 to AD-3, EG-1 to EG-2) were added, they were added before adding NMP, GBL and BCS.
- a liquid crystal cell having a configuration of a Fringe Field Switching (FFS) mode liquid crystal display element was produced.
- a substrate with electrodes was prepared.
- a glass substrate having a size of 35 mm ⁇ 40 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm was used.
- An ITO electrode having a solid pattern forming a counter electrode as a first layer is formed on the substrate, and CVD (chemical vapor deposition) as a second layer is formed on the counter electrode of the first layer.
- a SiN (silicon nitride) film formed by the method was formed.
- As the SiN film of the second layer a film having a film thickness of 500 nm that functions as an interlayer insulating film was used.
- a comb-teeth-shaped pixel electrode formed by patterning an ITO film as a third layer is arranged, and two pixels, a first pixel and a second pixel, are formed.
- the size of each pixel was 10 mm in length and about 5 mm in width.
- the counter electrode of the first layer and the pixel electrode of the third layer were electrically insulated by the action of the SiN film of the second layer.
- the pixel electrode of the third layer has a comb-teeth shape in which a plurality of electrode elements having a width of 3 ⁇ m in which the central portion is bent at an internal angle of 160 ° are arranged in parallel with an interval of 6 ⁇ m.
- the pixel had a first region and a second region with a line connecting the bent portions of the plurality of electrode elements as a boundary.
- the formation directions of the electrode elements of the pixel electrodes constituting them were different. That is, when the rubbing direction of the liquid crystal alignment film described later is used as a reference, the electrode elements of the pixel electrodes are formed so as to form an angle (clockwise) of + 10 ° in the first region of the pixel, and the pixel is formed in the second region of the pixel.
- the electrode elements of the electrodes were formed so as to form an angle of ⁇ 10 ° (clockwise). That is, in the first region and the second region of each pixel, the directions of the rotation operation (inplane switching) of the liquid crystal in the substrate surface induced by the application of the voltage between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode are mutually different. It was configured to be in the opposite direction.
- an ITO film is formed on the front surface and the back surface of the electrode-attached substrate (first glass substrate) prepared above.
- the surface of a glass substrate (second glass substrate) having a columnar spacer having a height of 4 ⁇ m was coated by a spin coating method.
- firing was performed in a hot air circulation oven at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film having a film thickness of 60 nm.
- the alignment film surfaces were opposed to each other and the rubbing directions were antiparallel to each other. Then, heat treatment was carried out at 150 ° C. for 60 minutes to cure the sealant, and an empty cell having a cell gap of 4 ⁇ m was prepared.
- a liquid crystal MLC-7026 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method, and the injection port was sealed to obtain an FFS type liquid crystal display element. Then, the obtained liquid crystal display element was heated at 120 ° C. for 1 hour, left at 23 ° C. overnight, and then used for evaluation.
- a liquid crystal cell is installed between two polarizing plates arranged so that the polarization axes are orthogonal to each other, the backlight is turned on, and the liquid crystal cell is set so that the transmitted light intensity in the first region of the pixel is minimized.
- the rotation angle ( ⁇ ) required when the liquid crystal cell was rotated so that the transmitted light intensity in the second region of the pixel was minimized was obtained after adjusting the arrangement angle of. It can be said that the smaller the value of this rotation angle, the better the afterimage characteristic due to the long-term AC drive. Specifically, when the rotation angle is 0.15 degrees or less, it is " ⁇ ", when it exceeds 0.15 degrees and is 0.25 degrees or less, it is " ⁇ ", and when it exceeds 0.25 degrees, it is " ⁇ ". Was evaluated as. The results are shown in Table 4.
- a liquid crystal alignment agent filtered through a filter having a pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m was applied by spin coating to the ITO surface of a glass substrate having an ITO electrode on the entire surface, and dried on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes. Then, it was fired in a hot air circulation type oven at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film having a film thickness of 60 nm.
- This liquid crystal alignment film was rubbed with a rayon cloth (roller diameter: 120 mm, roller rotation speed: 1000 rpm, moving speed: 20 mm / sec, pushing length: 0.6 mm).
- the haze value of this substrate was measured using an HZ-V3 haze meter manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. It can be said that the smaller the haze value, the less the film is scraped, that is, the higher the film strength.
- the haze value was 0.1 or less, it was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, when it exceeded 0.1 and 0.2 or less, it was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, and when it exceeded 0.2, it was evaluated as “x”. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the FFS type liquid crystal display element produced above is installed between two polarizing plates arranged so that the polarization axes are orthogonal to each other, and a backlight (light source: LED, luminous intensity: 20000 cd / m 2 ) is applied in a state where no voltage is applied.
- a backlight light source: LED, luminous intensity: 20000 cd / m 2
- the arrangement angle of the liquid crystal cells was adjusted so that the brightness of the transmitted light was minimized.
- the VT curve voltage-transmittance curve
- the flicker amplitude is a data collection / data logger switch unit 34970A (Agient technologies) in which the transmitted light of the backlight that has passed through the two polarizing plates and the liquid crystal cell between them is connected via a photodiode and an IV conversion amplifier. Made by). The value calculated using the following formula based on this data was used as the flicker level.
- Flicker level (%) ⁇ flicker amplitude / (2 x z) ⁇ x 100
- z is a value read by the data acquisition / data logger switch unit 34970A of the brightness when driven by an AC voltage having a frequency of 30 Hz at which the relative transmittance is 23%.
- the above-mentioned evaluation of flicker is performed under the temperature condition of the liquid crystal cell temperature of 40 ° C., and the flicker level (%) is the value when 30 minutes have passed from the time when the backlight is turned on and the application of the AC voltage is started. ). The results are shown in Table 5. The smaller the flicker level, the better the flicker characteristics.
- liquid crystal alignment agent of the example of the present invention By using the liquid crystal alignment agent of the example of the present invention, a liquid crystal display element having good liquid crystal orientation (that is, excellent AC afterimage characteristics) was obtained. Further, since the liquid crystal alignment agent described in the examples of the present invention has a good film hardness, the film is less likely to be scraped during the rubbing treatment. Furthermore, the liquid crystal alignment agent to which a crosslinkable compound was added as an additive showed good flicker characteristics.
Abstract
Description
近年、液晶表示素子の高性能化に伴い、大画面で高精細の液晶テレビなどの用途に加えて、車載用、例えば、カーナビゲーションシステムやメーターパネル、監視用カメラや医療用カメラのモニターなどに液晶表示素子が用いられており、視野角特性の需要から、IPS(In Plane Switching)方式、FFS(フリンジフィールドスイッチング)方式等の横電界方式が検討されている(特許文献1)。
また、車載用途の液晶表示素子の信頼性試験として、パネルの振動試験を実施することがある。この振動試験では、輝点などの不良が発生しないことが求められる。
さらに、液晶配向膜を作製する工程で適用されるラビング配向処理では、ラビング処理により配向特性を発現させる場合、液晶配向膜が削れることに起因するほこりが発生しやすいという問題点がある。ほこりが発生すると、液晶配向膜表面にほこりが付着して表示不良が発生するほか、TFT素子の回路破壊が生じて歩留まりが低下することになる。
下記の(A)成分および(B)成分を含有することを特徴とする重合体組成物。
(A)成分:下記式(a)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体(A)。
(B)成分:下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有し、下記式(a)で表される繰り返し単位及びそのイミド化構造を有しない、ポリウレタン。
本発明の上記効果が得られるメカニズムは必ずしも明らかではないが、ほぼ次のように推定される。即ち、重合体組成物が特定のポリウレタンを含有することで、水素結合により膜強度が向上し、また、特定ポリウレタン中に特定のエチレングリコール鎖が導入されることで、膜の延伸性が向上したため、上記の効果が得られたと考えられる。
なお、本明細書において、ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
本発明の重合体組成物は、上記式(a)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミド前駆体(以下、ポリイミド前駆体(A)ともいう。)及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体(A)を含有する。重合体(A)は一種あるいは二種以上であってもよい。
上記式(a)において、Yは、ジアミンに由来する2価の有機基を表す。なお、ジアミンに由来する2価の有機基とは、例えば、ジアミンから2つのアミノ基を除いた2価の有機基が挙げられる。該ジアミンとしては、以下のジアミンが挙げられる。該ジアミンは、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上記式(do)で表されるジアミンとして、液晶配向性を高める観点から、下記式(do-1)~(do-6)で表されるジアミン、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル及び4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルが好ましい。
ここで、非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、鎖状炭化水素構造に結合する4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。但し、鎖状炭化水素構造のみで構成されている必要はなく、その一部に脂環式構造や芳香環構造を有していてもよい。脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、脂環式構造に結合する少なくとも1つのカルボキシ基を含めて4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。但し、これら4つのカルボキシ基はいずれも芳香環には結合していない。また、脂環式構造のみで構成されている必要はなく、その一部に鎖状炭化水素構造や芳香環構造を有していてもよい。芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、芳香環に結合する少なくとも1つのカルボキシ基を含めて4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。
上記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の誘導体としては、テトラカルボン酸ジハライド、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、又はテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステルジハライドが挙げられる。
該テトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体は、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
式(X1-24)~(X1-25)において、j及びkは、0又は1の整数であり、A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、-O-、-CO-、-COO-、フェニレン基、スルホニル基、又はアミド基を表す。複数のA2は、それぞれ同一でも異なってもよい。
R及びZは、本発明の効果を得る観点から、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子またはメチル基がより好ましい。
重合体(A)の含有割合は、重合体組成物100質量部中、70~99質量部が好ましく、80~98質量部がより好ましい。
本発明における重合体(A)は、上記式(a)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体である。重合体(A)は、上記式(a)で表される繰り返し単位と末端基を有していてもよい。
本発明における重合体(A)は、下記式(U)で表される繰り返し単位をさらに有していてもよい。
ここで、ジイソシアネートとしては、例えば、芳香族ジイソシアネート、脂肪族ジイソシアネートが挙げられる。
ここで、「芳香族ジイソシアネート」とは、少なくとも一つの芳香族基を有するジイソシアネートを意味する。また、「脂肪族ジイソシアネート」とは、脂肪族基を有し、かつ芳香族基を有しないジイソシアネートを意味する。
U1としては、例えば、(i)ジイソシアネート構造(O=C=N-R-N=C=O)において、Rがベンゼン環を少なくとも一つ有する炭素数6~30の有機基である芳香族ジイソシアネートに由来する2価の有機基、または(ii)ジイソシアネート構造(O=C=N-R-N=C=O)において、Rが脂肪族基を有し、かつ芳香族基を有しない炭素数4~30の有機基である脂肪族ジイソシアネートに由来する2価の有機基が挙げられる。
なお、脂肪族基は、非環式脂肪族基および脂環式基のいずれも包含する。
U1の具体例としては、o-フェニレンジイソシアネート、m-フェニレンジイソシアネート、p-フェニレンジイソシアネート、トルエンジイソシアネート類(例えば、2,4-ジイソシアン酸トリレン、2,6-ジイソシアン酸トリレン)、1,4-ジイソシアン酸-2-メトキシベンゼン、2,5-ジイソシアン酸キシレン類、3,3’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジイソシアネートビフェニル、4,4’-ジイソシアネートジフェニルエーテル、2,2’-ビス(4-ジイソシアン酸フェニル)プロパン、4,4’-ジイソシアン酸ジフェニルメタン(4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート)、4,4’-ジイソシアン酸ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジイソシアン酸ジフェニルスルホン、3,3’-ジイソシアン酸ジフェニルスルホン及び2,2’-ジイソシアン酸ベンゾフェノンなどの芳香族ジイソシアネートに由来する2価の有機基、イソホロンジイソシアネート、ノルボルネンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、及びテトラメチレンジイソシアネートなどの脂肪族ジイソシアネートに由来する2価の有機基が挙げられる。
本発明の重合体組成物は、上記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有し、上記式(a)で表される繰り返し単位及びそのイミド化構造を有しない、ポリウレタンを含有する。上記式(1)におけるA1およびA2の少なくとも一つは上記式(EG)で表される2価の有機基を有する。
ポリウレタンは、一種を単独で使用してもよく、また二種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
上記式(1)において、A1はジイソシアネートに由来する2価の有機基である。なお、ジイソシアネートに由来する2価の有機基とは、例えば、ジイソシアネートから2つのイソシアネート基(-N=C=O)を除いた2価の有機基が挙げられる。該ジイソシアネートは、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
ここで、ジイソシアネートとしては、例えば、上記式(EG)で表される2価の有機基を有するジイソシアネート(DIEG)、ジイソシアネート(DIEG)以外の芳香族ジイソシアネートおよび脂肪族ジイソシアネートが挙げられる。
ここで、「芳香族ジイソシアネート」とは、少なくとも一つの芳香族基を有するジイソシアネートを意味する。また、「脂肪族ジイソシアネート」とは、脂肪族基を有し、かつ芳香族基を有しないジイソシアネートを意味する。
上記ジイソシアネート(DIEG)としては、例えば下記で表される、ジイソシアネートが挙げられる。
なお、脂肪族基は、非環式脂肪族基および脂環式基のいずれも包含する。
ジイソシアネート(DIEG)以外の芳香族ジイソシアネートおよび脂肪族ジイソシアネートの具体例としては、o-フェニレンジイソシアネート、m-フェニレンジイソシアネート、p-フェニレンジイソシアネート、トルエンジイソシアネート類(例えば、2,4-ジイソシアン酸トリレン、2,6-ジイソシアン酸トリレン)、1,4-ジイソシアン酸-2-メトキシベンゼン、2,5-ジイソシアン酸キシレン類、3,3’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジイソシアネートビフェニル、4,4’-ジイソシアネートジフェニルエーテル、2,2’-ビス(4-ジイソシアン酸フェニル)プロパン、4,4’-ジイソシアン酸ジフェニルメタン(4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート)、4,4’-ジイソシアン酸ジフェニルスルホン、3,3’-ジイソシアン酸ジフェニルスルホン及び2,2’-ジイソシアン酸ベンゾフェノンなどの芳香族ジイソシアネート、イソホロンジイソシアネート、ノルボルネンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、及びテトラメチレンジイソシアネートなどの脂肪族ジイソシアネートが挙げられる。
なお、上記(EG)で表される2価の有機基を含むジオールにおいて例示されるグリコールの平均分子量とは、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)によるポリスチレンを基準として得られる重量平均分子量である。
本発明におけるポリウレタンは、上記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有し、前記式(a)で表される繰り返し単位及びそのイミド化構造を有しないポリウレタンである。本発明におけるポリウレタンは、上記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位と末端基を有していてもよい。末端基については上記で述べた通りである。
また、A2が上記式(EG)の両端に水素原子が結合したジオールに由来する2価の有機基である式(1)で表される繰り返し単位の含有割合は、ポリウレタンを構成する繰り返し単位全体の10モル%以上が好ましく、20モル%以上がより好ましく、50モル%以上がさらに好ましい。
本発明におけるポリウレタンの含有割合は、重合体組成物100質量部中、1~30質量部が好ましく、2~20質量部がより好ましい。
上記重合体(A)であるポリイミド前駆体としては、例えば、ポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステル等が挙げられる。
ポリアミック酸(上記式(a)におけるRが水素原子である、式(a)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミド前駆体)は、以下の方法により製造できる。具体的には、上記テトラカルボン酸二無水物またはその誘導体を含むテトラカルボン酸成分と上記ジアミンを含むジアミン成分とを有機溶媒の存在下で-20~150℃、好ましくは0~50℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~12時間(重縮合)反応させることによって合成できる。上記ポリアミック酸が、上記繰り返し単位(U)を有する場合は、O=C=N-U1-N=C=O(U1は、式(U)におけるU1と同じである。)で示されるジイソシアネート化合物を上記テトラカルボン酸成分及び上記ジアミン成分と共に反応させることにより、合成することができる。
上記の反応に用いる有機溶媒の具体例としては、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、γ-ブチロラクトン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノンが挙げられる。また、重合体の溶媒溶解性が高い場合は、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノン、又は下記の式[D-1]~式[D-3]で示される溶媒を用いることができる。これらは2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
反応は任意の濃度で行うことができるが、好ましくは1~50質量%、より好ましくは5~30質量%である。反応初期は高濃度で行い、その後、溶媒を追加することもできる。反応においては、ジアミン成分の合計モル数とテトラカルボン酸成分の合計モル数の比は0.8~1.2であることが好ましい。通常の重縮合反応同様、このモル比が1.0に近いほど生成するポリアミック酸の分子量は大きくなる。
本発明における重合体(A)を合成するに際して、テトラカルボン酸二無水物またはその誘導体を含むテトラカルボン酸成分、ジアミン成分、場合によってはジイソシアネート化合物と共に、適当な末端封止剤を用いて末端封止型の重合体を合成することとしてもよい。
上記ポリウレタンは、例えば、分子内にヒドロキシ基を2つ有する有機ジオールを含む(o)成分と、分子内にイソシアネート基を2個含有する化合物を含む(i)成分とを反応させることにより得られる。ここで、上記(o)成分及び(i)成分を構成する化合物の少なくとも一つは、下記式(EG)で表される部分構造を分子内に有する。
その他の重合体は、一種を単独で使用してもよく、また二種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。その他の重合体の含有割合は、重合体組成物中に含まれる重合体の合計100質量部に対して、90質量部以下が好ましく、10~90質量部がより好ましく、20~80質量部が更に好ましい。
上記架橋性化合物としては、例えば、エポキシ基、イソシアネート基、オキセタニル基、シクロカーボネート基、ブロックイソシアネート基、ヒドロキシ基及びアルコキシ基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を有する架橋性化合物(c-1)、及び重合性不飽和基を有する架橋性化合物(c-2)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の架橋性化合物が挙げられる。
上記架橋性化合物を含有することで、液晶の駆動直後にバックライト光が液晶表示素子に照射されることによって発生する、所謂フリッカー(ちらつき)等の発生が低減された液晶表示素子を得ることができる、といった効果も得られる。
エポキシ基を有する化合物(c-1)として、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ポリプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ネオペンチルグリコールジグリシジルエーテル、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジグリシジルエーテル、グリセリンジグリシジルエーテル、2,2-ジブロモネオペンチルグリコールジグリシジルエーテル、1,3,5,6-テトラグリシジル-2,4-ヘキサンジオール、エピコート828(三菱ケミカル社製)などのビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、エピコート807(三菱ケミカル社製)などのビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂、YX-8000(三菱ケミカル社製)などの水添ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、YX6954BH30(三菱ケミカル社製)などのビフェニル骨格含有エポキシ樹脂、EPPN-201(日本化薬社製)などのフェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、EOCN-102S(日本化薬社製)などの(o,m,p-)クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、テトラキス(グリシジルオキシメチル)メタン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-1,4-フェニレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-2,2’-ジメチル-4.4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2-ビス[4-(N,N-ジグリシジル-4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタンなどの第三級窒素原子が芳香族炭素原子と結合する化合物;N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-1,2-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-1,3-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-1,4-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、ビス(N,N-ジグリシジル-4-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス(N,N-ジグリシジル-2-メチル-4-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス(N,N-ジグリシジル-3-メチル-4-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、1,3-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,4-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,3-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)ベンゼン、1,4-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)ベンゼン、1,3,5-トリス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,3,5-トリス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)ベンゼンなどの第三級窒素原子が脂肪族炭素原子と結合する化合物、TEPIC(日産化学社製)などのトリグリシジルイソシアヌレートなどのイソシアヌレート化合物、日本特開平10-338880号公報の段落[0037]に記載の化合物や、WO2017/170483号に記載の化合物等;
イソシアネート基を有する化合物として、上記したジイソシアネート化合物等;
オキセタニル基を有する化合物(c-1)として、1,4-ビス{[(3-エチル-3-オキセタニル)メトキシ]メチル}ベンゼン(アロンオキセタンOXT-121(XDO))、ジ[2-(3-オキセタニル)ブチル]エーテル(アロンオキセタンOXT-221(DOX))、1,4-ビス〔(3-エチルオキセタン-3-イル)メトキシ〕ベンゼン(HQOX)、1,3-ビス〔(3-エチルオキセタン-3-イル)メトキシ〕ベンゼン(RSOX)、1,2-ビス〔(3-エチルオキセタン-3-イル)メトキシ〕ベンゼン(CTOX)、WO2011/132751号公報の段落[0170]~[0175]に記載の2個以上のオキセタニル基を有する化合物等;
シクロカーボネート基を有する化合物(c-1)として、N,N,N’,N’-テトラキス[(2-オキソ-1,3-ジオキソラン-4-イル)メチル]-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、N,N’-ビス[(2-オキソ-1,3-ジオキソラン-4-イル)メチル]-1,3-フェニレンジアミンや、WO2011/155577号に記載の化合物等;
ブロックイソシアネート基を有する化合物として、コロネートAPステーブルM、コロネート2503、2515、2507、2513、2555、ミリオネートMS-50(以上、東ソー社製)、タケネートB-830、B-815N、B-820NSU、B-842N、B-846N、B-870N、B-874N、B-882N(以上、三井化学社製)、日本特開2014-224978号公報の段落[0046]~[0047]に記載の2個以上の保護イソシアネート基を有する化合物、WO2015/141598号の段落[0119]~[0120]に記載の3個以上の保護イソシアネート基を有する化合物等;
ヒドロキシ基及び/又はアルコキシ基を有する化合物(c-1)として、N,N,N’,N’-テトラキス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)アジポアミド、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジヒドロキシメチルフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジメトキシメチルフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジヒドロキシメチルフェニル)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン、国際公開2015/072554号や、日本特開2016-118753号公報の段落[0058]に記載の化合物、日本特開2016-200798号公報に記載の化合物、WO2010/074269号に記載の化合物等;
重合性不飽和基を有する架橋性化合物(c-2)として、グリセリンモノ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセリンジ(メタ)アクリレート(1,2-,1,3-体混合物)、グリセリントリス(メタ)アクリレート、グリセロール1,3-ジグリセロラートジ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリストールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、トリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、ヘキサエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート等。
本発明の液晶配向剤における、架橋性化合物の含有量は、全ての重合体成分100質量部に対して、0.1~150質量部、又は0.1~100質量部、又は1~50質量部である。
上記に説明した重合体組成物は、例えば基板上に塗布し、好ましくは加熱処理によって溶媒成分を揮発させることで樹脂膜を形成することができる。本発明に係る重合体組成物及び樹脂膜は、種々の技術用途に有効に適用することができ、例えば液晶配向剤、電子回路材料、半導体材料、電気絶縁材料、電線被覆材料、照明用途、成形材料等の各種用途に適用することができる。具体的には、表示素子、半導体素子、モータ等のアクチュエータ、圧電センサや焦電センサ等の各種センサ類などが備える種々の樹脂膜に適用でき、液晶配向膜(位相差フィルム用の液晶配向膜、走査アンテナや液晶アレイアンテナ用の液晶配向膜又は透過散乱型の液晶調光素子用の液晶配向膜)、保護膜(例:カラーフィルタ用の保護膜)、スペーサー膜、層間絶縁膜、反射防止膜、配線被覆膜、帯電防止フィルム、電動機絶縁膜(フレキシブルディスプレイのゲート絶縁膜)等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、本発明に係る重合体組成物は、液晶配向剤として好ましく適用することができる。
本発明に係る液晶配向剤は、本発明に係る重合体組成物からなる。すなわち、本発明に係る液晶配向剤は、重合体組成物と同様に、上記重合体(A)及びポリウレタンを含有する。また、その他の重合体、有機溶媒及び添加剤成分の少なくともいずれかを含有することが好ましい。上記重合体(A)、ポリウレタン、その他の重合体、有機溶媒、及び添加剤成分の具体例、配合割合、固形分濃度などの詳細については、上記重合体組成物の説明を適用することができる。
上記重合体組成物又は上記液晶配向剤を用いることにより、樹脂膜として液晶配向膜を製造することができる。また、本発明に係る液晶表示素子は、上記重合体組成物又は上記液晶配向剤を用いて形成した液晶配向膜を具備する。本発明に係る液晶表示素子の動作モードは特に限定せず、例えばTN型、STN(Super Twisted Nematic)型、垂直配向型(VA-MVA型、VA-PVA型などを含む。)、面内スイッチング型(IPS型)、FFS型、光学補償ベンド型(OCB型)など種々の動作モードに適用することができる。
工程(1)は、本発明の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程である。工程(1)の具体例は以下のとおりである。
パターニングされた透明導電膜が設けられている基板の一面に、本発明の液晶配向剤を、例えばロールコーター法、スピンコート法、印刷法、インクジェット法などの適宜の塗布方法により塗布する。ここで基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、窒化珪素基板とともに、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板等を用いることもできる。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならば、シリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極にはアルミニウム等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。また、IPS型又はFFS型の液晶表示素子を製造する場合には、櫛歯型にパターニングされた透明導電膜又は金属膜からなる電極が設けられている基板と、電極が設けられていない対向基板とを用いる。
工程(2)は、基板上に塗布した液晶配向剤を焼成し、膜を形成する工程である。工程(2)の具体例は以下のとおりである。
工程(1)において液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布した後は、ホットプレート、熱循環型オーブン又はIR(赤外線)型オーブンなどの加熱手段により、溶媒を蒸発させたり、ポリアミック酸又はポリアミック酸エステルの熱イミド化を行ったりすることができる。本発明の液晶配向剤を塗布した後の乾燥、焼成工程は、任意の温度と時間を選択することができ、複数回行ってもよい。液晶配向剤の溶媒を低減する温度としては、例えば40~180℃で行うことができる。プロセスを短縮する観点で、40~150℃で行ってもよい。焼成時間としては特に限定されないが、1~10分又は、1~5分が挙げられる。ポリアミック酸又はポリアミック酸エステルの熱イミド化を行う場合には、上記工程の後、例えば150~300℃、又は150~250℃の温度範囲で焼成する工程を追加してもよい。焼成時間としては特に限定されないが、5~40分、又は、5~30分の焼成時間が挙げられる。
焼成後の膜状物の膜厚は、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、5~300nmが好ましく、10~200nmがより好ましい。
工程(3)は、場合により、工程(2)で得られた膜に配向処理する工程である。即ち、IPS方式又はFFS方式等の水平配向型の液晶表示素子では該塗膜に対し配向能付与処理を行う。一方、VA方式又はPSAモード等の垂直配向型の液晶表示素子では、形成した塗膜をそのまま液晶配向膜として使用することができるが、該塗膜に対し配向能付与処理を施してもよい。液晶配向膜の配向処理方法としては、ラビング処理法、光配向処理法が挙げられる。光配向処理法としては、上記膜状物の表面に、一定方向に偏向された放射線を照射し、場合により、好ましくは、150~250℃の温度で加熱処理を行い、液晶配向性(液晶配向能ともいう)を付与する方法が挙げられる。放射線としては、100~800nmの波長を有する紫外線又は可視光線を用いることができる。なかでも、好ましくは100~400nm、より好ましくは、200~400nmの波長を有する紫外線である。
更に、上記の方法で、偏光された放射線を照射した液晶配向膜に、水や溶媒を用いて、接触処理するか、放射線を照射した液晶配向膜を加熱処理することもできる。
上記のようにして液晶配向膜が形成された基板を2枚準備し、対向配置した2枚の基板間に液晶を配置する。具体的には以下の2つの方法が挙げられる。
第一の方法は、先ず、それぞれの液晶配向膜が対向するように間隙(セルギャップ)を介して2枚の基板を対向配置する。次いで、2枚の基板の周辺部をシール剤を用いて貼り合わせ、基板表面及びシール剤により区画されたセルギャップ内に液晶組成物を注入充填して膜面に接触した後、注入孔を封止する。
上記液晶組成物としては、特に制限はなく、少なくとも一種の液晶化合物(液晶分子)を含む組成物であって、誘電率異方性が正または負の各種の液晶組成物を用いることができる。なお、以下では、誘電率異方性が正の液晶組成物を、ポジ型液晶ともいい、誘電異方性が負の液晶組成物を、ネガ型液晶ともいう。
上記液晶組成物は、フッ素原子、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、フッ素原子含有基(例:トリフルオロメチル基)、シアノ原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルケニル基、イソチオシアネート基、複素環、シクロアルカン、シクロアルケン、ステロイド骨格、ベンゼン環、又はナフタレン環を有する液晶化合物を含んでもよく、分子内に液晶性を発現する剛直な部位(メソゲン骨格)を2つ以上有する化合物(例えば、剛直な二つのビフェニル構造、又はターフェニル構造がアルキル基で連結されたバイメソゲン化合物など)を含んでもよい。液晶組成物は、ネマチック相を呈する液晶組成物、スメクチック相を呈する液晶組成物、又はコレステリック相を呈する液晶組成物であってもよい。
また、上記液晶組成物は、液晶配向性を向上させる観点から、添加物をさらに添加してもよい。このような添加物は、下記する重合性基を有する化合物などの光重合性モノマー;光学活性な化合物(例:メルク(株)社製のS-811など);酸化防止剤;紫外線吸収剤;色素;消泡剤;重合開始剤;又は重合禁止剤などが挙げられる。
ポジ型液晶としては、メルク社製のZLI-2293、ZLI-4792、MLC-2003、MLC-2041、又はMLC-7081などが挙げられる。
ネガ型液晶としては、例えばメルク社製のMLC-6608、MLC-6609、MLC-6610、MLC-6882、MLC-6886、MLC-7026、MLC-7026-000、MLC-7026-100、又はMLC-7029などが挙げられる。
また、PSAモードでは、重合性基を有する化合物を含有する液晶として、メルク社製のMLC-3023が挙げられる。
なお、塗膜に対してラビング処理を行った場合には、2枚の基板は、各塗膜におけるラビング方向が互いに所定の角度、例えば直交又は逆平行となるように対向配置される。
シール剤としては、例えば硬化剤及びスペーサーとしての酸化アルミニウム球を含有するエポキシ樹脂等を用いることができる。液晶としては、ネマチック液晶及びスメクチック液晶を挙げることができ、その中でもネマチック液晶が好ましい。
また、本発明の液晶配向剤は、電極を備えた一対の基板の間に液晶層を有してなり、上記一対の基板の間に活性エネルギー線及び熱の少なくとも一方により重合する重合性基を含む液晶配向膜を配置し、電極間に電圧を印加する工程を経て製造される液晶表示素子(SC-PVAモード型の液晶表示素子)にも好ましく用いられる。
重合性化合物を含有する液晶組成物を注入又は滴下する点以外は上記(4)と同様にする。重合性化合物としては、例えばアクリレート基やメタクリレート基などの重合性不飽和基を分子内に1個以上有する重合性化合物を挙げることができる。
上記(4)と同様にした後、後述する紫外線を照射する工程を経て液晶表示素子を製造する方法を採用してもよい。この方法によれば、上記PSA型液晶表示素子を製造する場合と同様に、少ない光照射量で応答速度に優れた液晶表示素子を得ることができる。重合性基を有する化合物は、上記重合性不飽和基を分子内に1個以上有する化合物であってもよく、その含有量は、全ての重合体成分100質量部に対して0.1~30質量部であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1~20質量部である。また、上記重合性基は液晶配向剤に用いる重合体が有していてもよく、このような重合体としては、例えば上記光重合性基を末端に有するジアミンを含むジアミン成分を反応に用いて得られる重合体が挙げられる。
上記(4-2)又は(4-3)で得られた一対の基板の有する導電膜間に電圧を印加した状態で液晶セルに光照射する。ここで印加する電圧は、例えば5~50Vの直流又は交流とすることができる。また、照射する光としては、例えば150~800nmの波長の光を含む紫外線及び可視光線を用いることができるが、300~400nmの波長の光を含む紫外線が好ましい。照射光の光源としては、例えば低圧水銀ランプ、高圧水銀ランプ、重水素ランプ、メタルハライドランプ、アルゴン共鳴ランプ、キセノンランプ、エキシマレーザーなどを使用することができる。光の照射量としては、好ましくは1,000~200,000J/m2であり、より好ましくは1,000~100,000J/m2である。
(有機溶媒)
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
BCS:エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
(ジアミン)
DA-1~DA-7:それぞれ、下記構造式(DA-1)~(DA-7)で表される化合物
(テトラカルボン酸誘導体)
CA-1~CA-3:それぞれ、下記構造式(CA-1)~(CA-3)で表される化合物
(ジイソシアネート)
DI-1:4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート
(ジオール)
EG-1:Polyethylene Glycol 400(東京化成工業社製)(式(EG)において、Rが水素原子であり、nが5以上である有機基を有するジオール)
EG-2:Polyethylene Glycol 600(東京化成工業社製)(式(EG)において、Rが水素原子であり、nが5以上である有機基を有するジオール)
EG-3:Ethylene Glycol(東京化成工業社製)(式(EG)において、Rが水素原子であり、nが1である有機基を有するジオール)
EG-4:Diethylene Glycol(東京化成工業社製)(式(EG)において、Rが水素原子であり、nが2である有機基を有するジオール)
EG-5:Tetraethylene Glycol(東京化成工業社製)(式(EG)において、Rが水素原子であり、nが4である有機基を有するジオール)
(末端封止剤)
Boc2O:二炭酸ジ-tert-ブチル
(添加剤)
AD-1~AD-3:それぞれ、下記構造式(AD-1)~(AD-3)で表される化合物
合成例において、重合体溶液の粘度は、E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃で測定した。
<ポリイミドのイミド化率の測定>
合成例におけるポリイミドのイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。ポリイミド粉末30mgをNMR(核磁気共鳴)サンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学社製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6,0.05質量%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)(0.53mL)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500)(日本電子データム社製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5ppm~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
(合成例1)
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの100mLのナスフラスコに、DA-1(8.02g、28.0mmol)及びNMP(58.8g)を量り取り、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-1(5.11g、26.0mmol)及びNMP(37.4g)を加え、窒素雰囲気下で2時間撹拌することで、ポリマー(重合体-1)の溶液を得た(粘度:182mPa・s)。
(合成例2~5)
下記表1に示す、ジアミン及びテトラカルボン酸誘導体を使用した以外は、合成例1と同様の手順で実施することにより、下記表1に示すポリマー(重合体-2)~(重合体-5)の溶液を得た。表1中、化合物名の下に表記している数値は、合成に使用した各化合物の質量を表す。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの100mLのナスフラスコに、DA-2(6.84g、28.0mmol)及びNMP(61.6g)を量り取り、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-2(4.52g、20.2mmol)及びNMP(21.7g)を加え、窒素雰囲気下40℃で2時間撹拌した。さらに、DI-1(1.40g、5.60mmol)及びNMP(10.3g)を加え、窒素雰囲気下23℃で2時間撹拌し、ポリマー(重合体-6)の溶液を得た(粘度:242mPa・s)。
(合成例7)
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの200mLのナスフラスコに、DA-5(8.04g、40.2mmol)、DA-6(4.36g、10.9mmol)、DA-7(12.2g、21.9mmol)及びNMP(98.4g)を量り取り、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-3(9.40g、47.5mmol)及びNMP(37.6g)を添加し、窒素雰囲気下50℃で2時間撹拌した。さらに、CA-1(4.65g、23.7mmol)及びNMP(18.6g)を加え、窒素雰囲気下23℃で2時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸(PAA-I)の溶液を得た(粘度:1230mPa・s)。
撹拌子の入った200mL三角フラスコに、上記で得られたポリアミック酸(PAA-I)の溶液(100g)を取り、Boc2O(1.24g、5.68mmol)を添加し、40℃で15時間撹拌することで、末端封止されたポリアミック酸(PAA-I-1)の溶液を得た。
撹拌子の入った200mL三角フラスコに、上記(PAA-I-1)の溶液(100g)を分取し、NMP(66.7g)、無水酢酸(14.2g)及びピリジン(4.70g)を加え、室温で30分間撹拌した後、60℃で4時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(650g)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄した後、80℃で減圧乾燥することで、ポリイミドの粉末(イミド化率:90%)を得た。
さらに、撹拌子の入った100mL三角フラスコに、このポリイミドの粉末(9.60g)を分取し、NMP(70.4g)を加えて、70℃にて24時間撹拌して溶解させることで、ポリイミド(重合体-7)の溶液を得た(粘度:76mPa・s)。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの100mLのナスフラスコに、EG-1(4.80g、12.0mmol)及びNMP(7.20g)を量り取り、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。この溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、DI-1(2.97g、11.9mmol)及びNMP(4.50g)を添加し、窒素雰囲気下で2時間撹拌した。反応後、NMP(58.3g)を加えて、ポリマー(重合体-8)の溶液を得た(粘度:12mPa・s)。
(合成例9~12)
下記表2に示す、ジイソシアネート及びジオールを使用した以外は、合成例8と同様の手順で実施することにより、下記表2に示すポリマー(重合体-9)~(重合体-12)の溶液を得た。表2中、化合物名の下に表記している数値は、合成に使用した各化合物の質量を表す。
(実施例1)
撹拌子の入った50mL三角フラスコに、合成例1で得られたポリマー(重合体-1)の溶液(5.83g)及び、合成例7で得られたポリマー(重合体-7)の溶液(0.28g)を量り取り、NMP(0.59g)、GBL(9.30g)及びBCS(4.00g)を加え、室温で2時間撹拌することで、液晶配向剤(1)を得た。
使用するポリマー溶液、溶媒、及び添加剤の種類及び量を下記表3に示すように変更した以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行うことで、液晶配向剤(2)~(24)を得た。なお、表3中の添加剤のうちAD-1~AD-3は、それぞれ10質量%を含むNMP溶液として添加した。添加剤(AD-1~AD-3、EG-1~EG-2)を加える場合には、NMP、GBL及びBCSを加える前に添加した。
フリンジフィールドスィッチング(Fringe Field Switching:FFS)モード液晶表示素子の構成を備えた液晶セルを作製した。
始めに、電極付きの基板を準備した。基板は、35mm×40mmの大きさで、厚さが0.7mmのガラス基板を用いた。基板上には第1層目として対向電極を構成する、ベタ状のパターンを備えたITO電極が形成され、第1層目の対向電極の上には第2層目として、CVD(化学蒸着)法により成膜されたSiN(窒化珪素)膜が形成されていた。第2層目のSiN膜は、層間絶縁膜として機能する膜厚が500nmのものを用いた。第2層目のSiN膜の上には、第3層目としてITO膜をパターニングして形成された櫛歯状の画素電極が配置され、第1画素及び第2画素の2つの画素を形成されており、各画素のサイズは、縦10mmで横約5mmであった。このとき、第1層目の対向電極と第3層目の画素電極とは、第2層目のSiN膜の作用により電気的に絶縁されていた。
上記で作成したFFS駆動液晶セルに対し、60℃の恒温環境下、周波数60Hzで±5.8Vの交流電圧を120時間印加した。その後、液晶セルの画素電極と対向電極との間をショートさせた状態にし、そのまま室温に一日放置した。
上記の処理を行った液晶セルに関して、電圧無印加状態における、画素の第1領域の液晶の配向方向と第2領域の液晶の配向方向とのずれを角度Δθとして算出した。
具体的には、偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に液晶セルを設置し、バックライトを点灯させ、画素の第1領域の透過光強度が最も小さくなるように液晶セルの配置角度を調整し、次に画素の第2領域の透過光強度が最も小さくなるように液晶セルを回転させたときに要する回転角度(Δθ)を求めた。長期交流駆動による残像特性は、この回転角度の値が小さいほど良好であると言える。具体的には、回転角度が0.15度以下の場合は「〇」、0.15度を超えて0.25度以下であれば「△」、0.25度を超える場合には「×」として評価した。結果を表4に示す。
全面にITO電極が付いたガラス基板のITO面に、孔径1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した液晶配向剤をスピンコート塗布にて塗布し、80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥させた。その後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚60nmの液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。この液晶配向膜を、レーヨン布でラビング(ローラー直径:120mm、ローラー回転数:1000rpm、移動速度:20mm/sec、押し込み長:0.6mm)した。本基板をスガ試験機社製HZ-V3ヘーズメーターを用いてヘーズ値の測定を行った。ヘーズ値が小さいほど、膜が削れていない、すなわち膜強度が高いと言える。ヘーズの値が0.1以下であれば「〇」、0.1を超えて0.2以下であれば「△」、0.2を超える場合には「×」として評価を行った。結果を表4に示す。
上記で作製したFFS方式の液晶表示素子を偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に設置し、電圧無印加の状態でバックライト(光源:LED、光度:20000cd/m2)を点灯させておき、透過光の輝度が最も小さくなるように、液晶セルの配置角度を調整した。次に、この液晶セルに周波数30Hzの交流電圧を印加しながらV-Tカーブ(電圧-透過率曲線)を測定し、相対透過率が23%となる交流電圧を駆動電圧として算出した。
フリッカーの測定では、点灯させておいたバックライトを一旦消灯して72時間遮光放置した後に、バックライトを再度点灯し、バックライト点灯開始と同時に相対透過率が23%となる周波数30Hzの交流電圧を印加して、液晶セルを60分間駆動させてフリッカー振幅を追跡した。フリッカー振幅は、2枚の偏光板及びその間の液晶セルを通過したバックライトの透過光を、フォトダイオード及びI-V変換アンプを介して接続されたデータ収集/データロガースイッチユニット34970A(Agilent technologies社製)で読み取った。このデータを基に以下の数式を用いて算出した値をフリッカーレベルとした。
フリッカーレベル(%)={フリッカー振幅/(2×z)}×100
上記式中、zは相対透過率が23%となる周波数30Hzの交流電圧で駆動した際の輝度をデータ収集/データロガースイッチユニット34970Aで読み取った値である。
上述したフリッカーの評価は、液晶セルの温度が40℃の状態の温度条件下で行い、バックライトの点灯及び交流電圧の印加を開始した時点から30分間が経過した時の値をフリッカーレベル(%)とした。結果を表5に示す。
フリッカーレベルが小さいほど、良好なフリッカー特性と言える。
また、本発明の実施例に記載の液晶配向剤は、膜硬度が良好であるためラビング処理時に膜の削れが発生しにくい。
さらに、添加剤として架橋性化合物を添加した液晶配向剤は、良好なフリッカー特性を示した。
Claims (21)
- 下記の(A)成分および(B)成分を含有することを特徴とする重合体組成物。
(A)成分:下記式(a)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体(A)。
(B)成分:下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有し、前記式(a)で表される繰り返し単位及びそのイミド化構造を有しない、ポリウレタン。
- 上記式(EG)において、nが5~40の整数である、請求項1に記載の重合体組成物。
- 上記式(a)におけるYが、下記式(O)で表されるジアミン、アミド結合又はウレア結合を有するジアミン、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ベンゼン、1,4-ビス(4-アミノベンジル)ベンゼン、下記式(do)で表されるジアミン、4-(2-(メチルアミノ)エチル)アニリン、4-(2-アミノエチル)アニリン、及び基「-N(D)-」(Dは加熱によって脱離し水素原子に置き換わる保護基を表す。)を有するジアミンからなる群から選ばれるジアミンに由来する2価の有機基である、請求項1~2のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物。
- 上記式(1)におけるA1が、上記式(EG)で表される2価の有機基を有するジイソシアネート(DIEG)、ジイソシアネート(DIEG)以外の芳香族ジイソシアネートまたはジイソシアネート(DIEG)以外の脂肪族ジイソシアネートに由来する2価の有機基である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物。
- 前記ジイソシアネート(DIEG)以外の芳香族ジイソシアネートが、ジイソシアネート構造(O=C=N-R-N=C=O)において、Rが、上記式(EG)で表される2価の有機基を有さず、且つ、ベンゼン環を少なくとも一つ有する炭素数6~30の有機基である芳香族ジイソシアネートであり、
前記ジイソシアネート(DIEG)以外の脂肪族ジイソシアネートが、ジイソシアネート構造(O=C=N-R-N=C=O)において、Rが脂肪族基を有し、かつ上記式(EG)で表される2価の有機基及び芳香族基を有しない炭素数4~30の有機基である脂肪族ジイソシアネートである、請求項4または5に記載の重合体組成物。 - 上記式(1)における有機ジオールが、上記式(EG)で表される2価の有機基を含むジオールである、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物。
- 上記式(EG)で表される2価の有機基を含むジオールが、上記式(EG)で表される2価の有機基の両端に水素原子が結合したジオールである、請求項7に記載の重合体組成物。
- 上記(a)におけるXが、非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体に由来する4価の有機基、脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体に由来する4価の有機基又は芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体に由来する4価の有機基である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物。
- 上記(a)におけるXが、式(t)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体に由来する4価の有機基である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物。
式(X1-24)~(X1-25)において、j及びkは、0又は1の整数であり、A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、-O-、-CO-、-COO-、フェニレン、スルホニル基、又はアミド基を表す。複数のA2は、それぞれ同一でも異なってもよい。) - 重合体(A)が、末端が封止された重合体である、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物。
- 上記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位の含有割合は、ポリウレタンを構成する繰り返し単位全体の10モル%以上である、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物。
- 架橋性化合物、官能性シラン化合物、金属キレート化合物、硬化促進剤、界面活性剤、酸化防止剤、増感剤、防腐剤、及び樹脂膜の誘電率や電気抵抗を調整するための化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の添加剤成分をさらに含有する、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物。
- エポキシ基、イソシアネート基、オキセタニル基、シクロカーボネート基、ブロックイソシアネート基、ヒドロキシ基及びアルコキシ基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を有する架橋性化合物(c-1)、及び重合性不飽和基を有する架橋性化合物(c-2)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の架橋性化合物をさらに含有する、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物。
- 請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物からなる液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物を用いて得られる樹脂膜。
- 請求項17に記載の液晶配向剤を用いて形成される液晶配向膜。
- 請求項19に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 下記の工程(1)~(3)を含む、液晶表示素子の製造方法。
工程(1):請求項17に記載の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程
工程(2):塗布した前記液晶配向剤を焼成し、膜を得る工程
工程(3):工程(2)で得られた前記膜に配向処理する工程
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