WO2022153150A1 - 表示装置の作製方法、表示装置、表示モジュール、及び、電子機器 - Google Patents
表示装置の作製方法、表示装置、表示モジュール、及び、電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022153150A1 WO2022153150A1 PCT/IB2022/050106 IB2022050106W WO2022153150A1 WO 2022153150 A1 WO2022153150 A1 WO 2022153150A1 IB 2022050106 W IB2022050106 W IB 2022050106W WO 2022153150 A1 WO2022153150 A1 WO 2022153150A1
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- layer
- light emitting
- display device
- pixel electrode
- counter electrode
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/871—Self-supporting sealing arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/871—Self-supporting sealing arrangements
- H10K59/8722—Peripheral sealing arrangements, e.g. adhesives, sealants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/871—Self-supporting sealing arrangements
- H10K59/8723—Vertical spacers, e.g. arranged between the sealing arrangement and the OLED
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/873—Encapsulations
Definitions
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a display device.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a display device, a display module, and an electronic device.
- One aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical fields.
- the technical fields of one aspect of the present invention include semiconductor devices, display devices, light emitting devices, power storage devices, storage devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, input devices (for example, touch sensors), input / output devices (for example, touch panels, etc.). ), Their driving method, or their manufacturing method can be given as an example.
- Devices that require a high-definition display device include, for example, virtual reality (VR: Virtual Reality), augmented reality (AR: Augmented Reality), alternative reality (SR: Substitutional Reality), and mixed reality (MR: Mixed Reality). ) Is being actively developed.
- VR Virtual Reality
- AR Augmented Reality
- SR Substitutional Reality
- MR Mixed Reality
- a light emitting device having a light emitting device (also referred to as a light emitting element) has been developed.
- a light emitting device (also referred to as an EL device or EL element) that utilizes an electroluminescence (hereinafter referred to as EL) phenomenon is a DC constant voltage power supply that is easy to be thin and lightweight, can respond to an input signal at high speed, and can respond to an input signal at high speed. It has features such as being able to be driven by using electroluminescence, and is applied to display devices.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a display device for VR using an organic EL device (also referred to as an organic EL element).
- an island-shaped light emitting layer can be formed by a vacuum vapor deposition method using a metal mask (also referred to as a shadow mask).
- a metal mask also referred to as a shadow mask.
- the contours of the layers may be blurred and the thickness of the edges may be reduced. That is, the island-shaped light emitting layer may vary in thickness depending on the location.
- the manufacturing yield may be lowered due to the low dimensional accuracy of the metal mask and the deformation due to heat or the like.
- a display device is manufactured by a vacuum vapor deposition method using a metal mask
- a plurality of manufacturing devices are required. For example, since it is necessary to clean the metal mask on a regular basis, it is necessary to prepare at least two lines of manufacturing equipment, and to manufacture one manufacturing equipment using the other manufacturing equipment during maintenance, considering mass production. Then, a plurality of lines of manufacturing equipment are required. Therefore, there is a problem that the initial investment for introducing the manufacturing equipment becomes very large.
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a high-definition display device.
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a high-resolution display device.
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a large-scale display device.
- One of the problems of one aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a highly reliable display device.
- One of the problems of one aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a display device having a high yield.
- At least a part of the sacrificial layer 1 is exposed, the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer are removed, and a third layer is formed on the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode. Then, a counter electrode is formed on the third layer, and the third layer and the counter electrode are processed so as to be included in the region between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode in the top view. , A method of manufacturing a display device, which removes at least a part of each of the third layer and the counter electrode.
- the first protective layer may be formed by the first film forming method
- the second protective layer may be formed by the second film forming method.
- the first film-forming method may be a film-forming method in which a film having a higher coating property than the second film-forming method is formed.
- an insulating layer may be formed that covers the end portion of the first pixel electrode and the end portion of the second pixel electrode. In the step of processing the third layer and the counter electrode, at least a part of the insulating layer may be exposed.
- first resist mask on the first sacrificial layer that overlaps with the first pixel electrode, and to use the first resist mask when processing the first layer and the first sacrificial layer.
- second resist mask on the second sacrificial layer that overlaps with the second pixel electrode, and to use the second resist mask when processing the second layer and the second sacrificial layer.
- a third resist mask may be formed on the counter electrode having an opening in the region between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode in top view.
- a third resist mask may be formed on the counter electrode, which has a first portion overlapping the first pixel electrode and a second portion overlapping the second pixel electrode at a distance. .. It is preferable to use a third resist mask when processing the third layer and the counter electrode.
- one aspect of the present invention is formed by arranging a plurality of first pixel electrodes arranged in the first direction and a plurality of second pixel electrodes arranged in the first direction side by side in the second direction. Then, a first layer is formed on the plurality of first pixel electrodes and a plurality of second pixel electrodes, and a first sacrificial layer is formed on the first layer. The layer and the first sacrificial layer are processed to expose at least a part of each of the plurality of second pixel electrodes, and the first layer is formed on the plurality of first pixel electrodes and on the plurality of second pixel electrodes.
- a second layer is formed, a second sacrificial layer is formed on the second layer, and the second layer and the second sacrificial layer are processed to expose at least a part of the first sacrificial layer.
- the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer are removed to form a third layer on the plurality of first pixel electrodes and on the plurality of second pixel electrodes, and on the third layer.
- the counter electrode is formed, and the third layer and the counter electrode are processed so that the third layer and the counter electrode are included in the region between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode in the top view.
- At least a part of each of the electrodes is removed, a protective layer is formed on the counter electrode, and the protective layer is processed to form a region between the plurality of first pixel electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes in a top view.
- This is a method for manufacturing a display device, which exposes at least a part of a counter electrode included in a region between the pixel electrodes of the above, and forms a conductive layer on the counter electrode and on the protective layer.
- the first protective layer may be formed by the first film forming method
- the second protective layer may be formed by the second film forming method.
- the first film-forming method may be a film-forming method in which a film having a higher coating property than the second film-forming method is formed.
- an insulating layer may be formed that covers the ends of the plurality of first pixel electrodes and the ends of the plurality of second pixel electrodes. In the step of processing the third layer and the counter electrode, at least a part of the insulating layer may be exposed.
- first resist mask on the first sacrificial layer that overlaps with the first pixel electrode, and to use the first resist mask when processing the first layer and the first sacrificial layer.
- second resist mask on the second sacrificial layer that overlaps with the second pixel electrode, and to use the second resist mask when processing the second layer and the second sacrificial layer.
- a third resist mask may be formed on the counter electrode having an opening in the region between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode in top view.
- a third resist mask having a first portion overlapping the plurality of first pixel electrodes and a second portion overlapping the plurality of second pixel electrodes separated from each other is formed on the counter electrode. You may. It is preferable to use a third resist mask when processing the third layer and the counter electrode.
- a fourth resist mask may be formed on the protective layer having openings in the region between the plurality of first pixel electrodes and the region between the plurality of second pixel electrodes in top view. .. Alternatively, on the protective layer, at least one of the plurality of first pixel electrodes, a third portion overlapping with at least one of the plurality of second pixel electrodes, and at least the other at least the plurality of first pixel electrodes.
- a fourth resist mask may be formed that has one and a fourth portion that overlaps with at least one of the plurality of second pixel electrodes at a distance. It is preferable to use a fourth resist mask when processing the protective layer.
- the present invention is a display device having a plurality of first light emitting devices and a plurality of second light emitting devices.
- the first light emitting device includes a first pixel electrode, a first layer on the first pixel electrode, a third layer on the first layer, and a counter electrode on the third layer.
- the second light emitting device includes a second pixel electrode, a second layer on the second pixel electrode, a third layer on the second layer, and a counter electrode on the third layer.
- the first light emitting device and the second light emitting device have a function of emitting light of different colors from each other.
- the region between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode in the top view has a portion where the third layer and the counter electrode are not provided.
- the third layer and counter electrode are provided across the plurality of first light emitting devices.
- the third layer and counter electrode are provided across the plurality of second light emitting devices.
- the above display device preferably has a protective layer on the counter electrode. There may be a gap surrounded by a protective layer between the first light emitting device and the second light emitting device.
- the display device preferably has a first protective layer on the counter electrode and a second protective layer on the first protective layer.
- An air gap surrounded by a first protective layer and a second protective layer may be provided between the first light emitting device and the second light emitting device.
- one aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of first light emitting devices, a plurality of second light emitting devices, and a protective layer on the plurality of first light emitting devices and on the plurality of second light emitting devices.
- a display device comprising a conductive layer on a protective layer.
- the first light emitting device includes a first pixel electrode, a first layer on the first pixel electrode, a third layer on the first layer, and a counter electrode on the third layer.
- the second light emitting device includes a second pixel electrode, a second layer on the second pixel electrode, a third layer on the second layer, and a counter electrode on the third layer.
- the first light emitting device and the second light emitting device have a function of emitting light of different colors from each other.
- the region between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode in top view has a third layer and a first portion where the counter electrode is not provided.
- the third layer and counter electrode are provided across the plurality of first light emitting devices.
- the third layer and counter electrode are provided across the plurality of second light emitting devices.
- the region between the two first pixel electrodes and the region between the two second pixel electrodes each have a second portion without a protective layer. In the second portion, the counter electrode and the conductive layer are electrically connected.
- the display device may have a gap surrounded by a protective layer between the first light emitting device and the second light emitting device.
- the protective layer preferably has a first protective layer on the counter electrode and a second protective layer on the first protective layer.
- An air gap surrounded by a first protective layer and a second protective layer may be provided between the first light emitting device and the second light emitting device.
- One aspect of the present invention is a display module having a display device having any of the above configurations and to which a connector such as a flexible printed circuit board (hereinafter referred to as FPC) or TCP (Tape Carrier Package) is attached.
- a display module such as a display module in which an integrated circuit (IC) is mounted by a COG (Chip On Glass) method, a COF (Chip On Film) method, or the like.
- One aspect of the present invention is an electronic device having the above display module and at least one of a housing, a battery, a camera, a speaker, and a microphone.
- a method for manufacturing a high-definition display device can be provided. According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a high-resolution display device. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a large-sized display device can be provided. According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly reliable method for producing a display device. According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a display device having a high yield.
- a high-definition display device can be provided.
- a high resolution display device can be provided.
- a large display device can be provided.
- a highly reliable display device can be provided.
- FIG. 1A is a top view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- 2A to 2F are top views showing an example of a display device.
- 3A to 3C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 4A to 4C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 5A to 5C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 6A to 6C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 7A to 7C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- FIG. 8A to 8C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 9A and 9B are cross-sectional views showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of the display device.
- FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the display device.
- 11B and 11C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a transistor.
- 12A and 12B are perspective views showing an example of a display module.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the display device.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the display device.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the display device.
- 16A to 16D are diagrams showing a configuration example of a light emitting device.
- 17A and 17B are diagrams showing an example of an electronic device.
- 18A and 18B are diagrams showing an example of an electronic device.
- 19A and 19B are diagrams showing an example of an electronic device.
- 20A to 20D are diagrams showing an example of an electronic device.
- 21A to 21F are diagrams showing an example of an electronic device.
- membrane and the word “layer” can be interchanged with each other in some cases or depending on the situation.
- conductive layer can be changed to the term “conductive layer”.
- insulating film can be changed to the term “insulating layer”.
- a metal mask or a device manufactured by using an FMM may be referred to as a device having an MM (metal mask) structure.
- a device manufactured without using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device having an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- a first layer (EL layer or EL) including a light emitting layer that forms an island-shaped pixel electrode (also referred to as a lower electrode) and emits light of the first color.
- a first sacrificial layer is formed on the first layer.
- a first resist mask is formed on the first sacrificial layer, and the first layer and the first sacrificial layer are processed by using the first resist mask to form an island-shaped first layer. To form.
- the second layer (which can be said to be the EL layer or a part of the EL layer) including the light emitting layer that emits the light of the second color is referred to as the second sacrificial layer.
- a second resist mask is used to form an island.
- the island-shaped EL layer is not formed by using a fine metal mask, but is processed after forming the EL layer on one surface. Since it is formed, the island-shaped EL layer can be formed with a uniform thickness. Further, by providing the sacrificial layer (which may be referred to as a mask layer) on the EL layer, it is possible to reduce the damage received by the EL layer during the manufacturing process of the display device and improve the reliability of the light emitting device.
- each of the first layer and the second layer includes at least a light emitting layer, and is preferably composed of a plurality of layers. Specifically, it is preferable to have one or more layers on the light emitting layer. By having another layer between the light emitting layer and the sacrificial layer, it is possible to suppress the light emitting layer from being exposed to the outermost surface during the manufacturing process of the display device and reduce the damage to the light emitting layer. As a result, the reliability of the light emitting device can be improved.
- a light emitting device that emits light of different colors, it is not necessary to make all the layers constituting the EL layer separately, and some layers can be formed in the same process.
- the sacrificial layer is removed to face the remaining layers constituting the EL layer.
- An electrode (which can also be called an upper electrode) is formed in common for light emitting devices of each color.
- a third resist mask is formed on the counter electrode, and the region between the light emitting device that emits the light of the first color and the light emitting device that emits the light of the second color is used by using the third resist mask.
- the EL layer and the counter electrode contained in the above are removed.
- the distance between the light emitting devices is often extremely short (it can be said that the intervals at which the light emitting devices are provided are narrow). Therefore, the layers of adjacent light emitting devices may overlap or come into contact with each other. Therefore, in the method for producing the display device according to one aspect of the present invention, the counter electrode and the layer commonly formed in the light emitting device of each color (the remaining layer constituting the EL layer) are used by using the third resist mask. The first layer and the second layer (each corresponding to a part of the EL layer) formed in advance in an island shape are further processed. do.
- a conductive layer that is electrically connected to the counter electrode is provided. Specifically, a protective layer is formed on the counter electrode, a fourth resist mask is formed on the protective layer, the protective layer is processed using the fourth resist mask, and a part of the counter electrode is exposed. ..
- the counter electrode is preferably exposed in a region between two light emitting devices that emit light of the first color, a region between two light emitting devices that emit light of the second color, and the like. Then, a conductive layer is formed on the counter electrode and the protective layer.
- the conductive layer is provided in a larger area than the counter electrode and has a function as an auxiliary wiring. By providing the conductive layer on the entire surface, it is possible to suppress the voltage drop due to the resistance of the counter electrode, reduce the uneven brightness of the display device, and realize high display quality.
- the conductive layer is formed by using a material that transmits visible light.
- FIG. 1A shows a top view of the display device 100.
- the display device 100 has a display unit in which a plurality of pixels 110 are arranged in a matrix, and a connection unit 140 outside the display unit.
- One pixel 110 is composed of three sub-pixels, sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c.
- the connection portion 140 can also be referred to as a cathode contact portion.
- the upper surface shape of the sub-pixel shown in FIG. 1A corresponds to the upper surface shape of the light emitting region.
- the circuit layout constituting the sub-pixels is not limited to the range of the sub-pixels shown in FIG. 1A, and may be arranged outside the sub-pixels.
- the transistor included in the sub-pixel 110a may be located within the range of the sub-pixel 110b shown in FIG. 1A, or part or all of it may be located outside the range of the sub-pixel 110a.
- the aperture ratios (which can also be said to be the size and the size of the light emitting region) of the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c are shown to be equal or substantially equal, but one aspect of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the aperture ratios of the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c can be appropriately determined.
- the aperture ratios of the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c may be different, respectively, and two or more may be equal or substantially equal.
- FIG. 1A shows an example in which sub-pixels of different colors are arranged side by side in the X direction, and sub-pixels of the same color are arranged side by side in the Y direction.
- the sub-pixels of different colors may be arranged side by side in the Y direction, and the sub-pixels of the same color may be arranged side by side in the X direction.
- FIG. 1A shows an example in which the connecting portion 140 is located below the display portion in a top view, but the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the connecting portion 140 may be provided at at least one of the upper side, the right side, the left side, and the lower side of the display unit in a top view, and may be provided so as to surround the four sides of the display unit.
- FIG. 1B shows a cross-sectional view between the alternate long and short dash lines X1-X2 in FIG. 1A.
- the display device 100 is provided with light emitting devices 130a, 130b, 130c on the layer 101 including the transistor, and protective layers 131, 132 are provided so as to cover these light emitting devices.
- the substrate 120 is bonded to the protective layer 132 by the resin layer 119.
- the display device of one aspect of the present invention is a top emission type (top emission type) that emits light in the direction opposite to the substrate on which the light emitting device is formed, and emits light to the substrate side on which the light emitting device is formed. It may be either a bottom emission type (bottom emission type) or a double-sided emission type (dual emission type) that emits light on both sides.
- the layer 101 including the transistors for example, a laminated structure in which a plurality of transistors are provided on a substrate and an insulating layer is provided so as to cover these transistors can be applied.
- a configuration example of the layer 101 including the transistor will be described later in the second and third embodiments.
- the light emitting devices 130a, 130b, and 130c each emit light of different colors.
- the light emitting devices 130a, 130b, and 130c are preferably a combination that emits three colors of light, for example, red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
- the light emitting device has an EL layer between the pair of electrodes.
- one of the pair of electrodes may be referred to as a pixel electrode, and the other may be referred to as a counter electrode.
- the light emitting device 130a includes a pixel electrode 111a on a layer 101 containing a transistor, a first layer 113a on the pixel electrode 111a, a fourth layer 114a on the first layer 113a, and a fourth layer 114a. It has a counter electrode 115a and.
- the first layer 113a and the fourth layer 114a can be collectively referred to as an EL layer.
- the light emitting device 130b includes a pixel electrode 111b on a layer 101 containing a transistor, a second layer 113b on the pixel electrode 111b, a fourth layer 114b on the second layer 113b, and a fourth layer 114b. It has a counter electrode 115b and.
- the second layer 113b and the fourth layer 114b can be collectively referred to as an EL layer.
- the light emitting device 130c includes a pixel electrode 111c on a layer 101 containing a transistor, a third layer 113c on the pixel electrode 111c, a fourth layer 114c on the third layer 113c, and a fourth layer 114c. It has a counter electrode 115c and.
- the third layer 113c and the fourth layer 114c can be collectively referred to as an EL layer.
- the fourth layer of the light emitting device of each color is designated by a different reference numeral, but the fourth layer of the light emitting device of each color may be the same film. That is, it is possible to explain with the same reference numerals.
- the fourth layer may be provided in an island shape (or band shape) for each color, or may be provided in the entire display unit over the sub-pixels of a plurality of colors.
- the counter electrodes of the light emitting devices of each color are given different reference numerals, but the counter electrodes of the light emitting devices of each color may be the same film. That is, it is possible to explain with the same reference numerals.
- the counter electrode may be provided in an island shape (or band shape) for each color, or may be provided in the entire display unit over the sub-pixels of a plurality of colors.
- the counter electrode of each color light emitting device is electrically connected to the conductive layer provided in the connecting portion 140. As a result, the same potential is supplied to the counter electrodes of the light emitting devices of each color.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode on the side that extracts light. Further, it is preferable to use a conductive film that reflects visible light for the electrode on the side that does not take out light.
- a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, a mixture thereof, or the like can be appropriately used as a material for forming the pair of electrodes (pixel electrode and counter electrode) of the light emitting device.
- a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, a mixture thereof, or the like can be appropriately used.
- indium tin oxide also referred to as In-Sn oxide, ITO
- In-Si-Sn oxide also referred to as ITSO
- indium zinc oxide In-Zn oxide
- Al aluminum
- titanium Ti
- Cr chromium
- manganese Mn
- iron Fe
- cobalt Co
- nickel Ni
- copper Cu
- gallium Ga
- zinc zinc
- Indium In
- Molybdenum Mo
- Titanium Ta
- Tungsten W
- Palladium Pd
- Gold Au
- Platinum Pt
- Silver Ag
- Ittrium Y
- Metals such as neodymium (Nd), and alloys containing these in appropriate combinations can also be used.
- a micro-optical resonator (microcavity) structure is applied to the light emitting device. Therefore, one of the pair of electrodes of the light emitting device preferably has an electrode having transparency and reflection to visible light (semi-transmissive / semi-reflective electrode), and the other has an electrode having reflection to visible light (semi-transmissive / semi-reflective electrode). It is preferable to have a reflective electrode).
- the light emitting device has a microcavity structure, the light emitted from the light emitting layer can be resonated between both electrodes, and the light emitted from the light emitting device can be strengthened.
- the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective electrode can have a laminated structure of a reflective electrode and an electrode having transparency to visible light (also referred to as a transparent electrode).
- the light transmittance of the transparent electrode shall be 40% or more.
- an electrode having a transmittance of visible light (light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more and less than 750 nm) of 40% or more as the light emitting device.
- the reflectance of visible light of the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective electrode is 10% or more and 95% or less, preferably 30% or more and 80% or less.
- the reflectance of visible light of the reflecting electrode is 40% or more and 100% or less, preferably 70% or more and 100% or less.
- the resistivity of these electrodes is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -2 ⁇ cm or less.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c each have a light emitting layer. It is preferable that the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c each have a light emitting layer that emits light of a different color.
- the light emitting layer is a layer containing a light emitting substance.
- the light emitting layer can have one or more kinds of light emitting substances.
- a substance exhibiting a luminescent color such as blue, purple, bluish purple, green, yellowish green, yellow, orange, and red is appropriately used. Further, as the luminescent substance, a substance that emits near-infrared light can also be used.
- luminescent material examples include fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, quantum dot materials, and the like.
- fluorescent materials examples include fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, quantum dot materials, and the like.
- TADF thermally activated delayed fluorescence
- fluorescent material examples include pyrene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, quinoxalin derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, naphthalene derivatives and the like. Be done.
- an organic metal complex having a 4H-triazole skeleton, a 1H-triazole skeleton, an imidazole skeleton, a pyrimidine skeleton, a pyrazine skeleton, or a pyridine skeleton (particularly an iridium complex), or a phenylpyridine derivative having an electron-withdrawing group is arranged.
- examples thereof include an organic metal complex (particularly an iridium complex), a platinum complex, and a rare earth metal complex as a ligand.
- the light emitting layer may have one or more kinds of organic compounds (host material, assist material, etc.) in addition to the light emitting substance (guest material).
- organic compounds host material, assist material, etc.
- guest material As one or more kinds of organic compounds, one or both of a hole transporting material and an electron transporting material can be used. Further, a bipolar material or a TADF material may be used as one or more kinds of organic compounds.
- the light emitting layer preferably has, for example, a phosphorescent material and a hole transporting material and an electron transporting material which are combinations that easily form an excitation complex.
- ExTET Exciplex-Triplet Energy Transfer
- a combination that forms an excitation complex that emits light that overlaps the wavelength of the absorption band on the lowest energy side of the luminescent substance energy transfer becomes smooth and light emission can be obtained efficiently.
- high efficiency, low voltage drive, and long life of the light emitting device can be realized at the same time.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c are layers other than the light emitting layer, such as a substance having a high hole injection property, a substance having a high hole transport property, a hole blocking material, and an electron. It may further have a layer containing a highly transportable substance, a highly electron-injectable substance, an electron blocking material, a bipolar substance (a substance having a high electron transport property and a hole transport property), and the like.
- Either a low molecular weight compound or a high molecular weight compound can be used as the light emitting device, and an inorganic compound may be contained.
- the layers constituting the light emitting device can be formed by a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c are a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole block layer, an electron block layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron, respectively. It may have one or more of the injection layers.
- the fourth layer 114a, 114b, 114c can have one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole block layer, an electron block layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
- a hole injection layer a hole transport layer
- a hole block layer a hole block layer
- an electron block layer an electron transport layer
- an electron injection layer a hole injection layer a hole transport layer a hole block layer a hole block layer
- an electron injection layer preferably has an electron injection layer.
- the hole injection layer is a layer for injecting holes from the anode into the hole transport layer, and is a layer containing a material having a high hole injection property.
- the material having high hole injectability include an aromatic amine compound and a composite material containing a hole transporting material and an acceptor material (electron accepting material).
- the hole transport layer is a layer that transports holes injected from the anode to the light emitting layer by the hole injection layer.
- the hole transport layer is a layer containing a hole transport material.
- a hole transporting material a substance having a hole mobility of 1 ⁇ 10-6 cm 2 / Vs or more is preferable. In addition, any substance other than these can be used as long as it is a substance having a higher hole transport property than electrons.
- the hole-transporting material include materials having high hole-transporting properties such as ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds (for example, carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, etc.) and aromatic amines (compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton). Is preferable.
- the electron transport layer is a layer that transports electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer by the electron injection layer.
- the electron transport layer is a layer containing an electron transport material.
- As the electron transporting material a substance having an electron mobility of 1 ⁇ 10-6 cm 2 / Vs or more is preferable. In addition, any substance other than these can be used as long as it is a substance having a higher electron transport property than holes.
- Examples of the electron-transporting material include a metal complex having a quinoline skeleton, a metal complex having a benzoquinolin skeleton, a metal complex having an oxazole skeleton, a metal complex having a thiazole skeleton, and the like, as well as oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, and imidazole derivatives.
- Materials with high electron transport properties such as deficient heterocyclic compounds can be used.
- the electron injection layer is a layer for injecting electrons from the cathode into the electron transport layer, and is a layer containing a material having high electron injectability.
- a material having high electron injectability an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or a compound thereof can be used.
- a composite material containing an electron transporting material and a donor material (electron donating material) can also be used.
- Examples of the electron injection layer include lithium, cesium, lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ), 8- (quinolinolato) lithium (abbreviation: Liq), 2- (2). -Pyridyl) phenolatrithium (abbreviation: LiPP), 2- (2-pyridyl) -3-pyridinolatolithium (abbreviation: LiPPy), 4-phenyl-2- (2-pyridyl) phenolatrithium (abbreviation: LiPPP) , Lithium oxide (LiO x ), alkali metals such as cesium carbonate, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used.
- an electron transporting material may be used as the electron injection layer.
- a compound having an unshared electron pair and an electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring can be used as an electron transporting material.
- a compound having at least one of a pyridine ring, a diazine ring (pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring), and a triazine ring can be used.
- the lowest empty orbital (LUMO: Lowest Unellad Molecular Orbital) of the organic compound having an unshared electron pair is preferably -3.6 eV or more and -2.3 eV or less.
- the highest occupied orbital (HOMO: Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) level and LUMO level of an organic compound are determined by CV (cyclic voltammetry), photoelectron spectroscopy, photoabsorption spectroscopy, back-photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. Can be estimated.
- BPhen 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- NBPhen 2,9-bis (naphthalen-2-yl) -4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- diquinoxalino [2,3-a: 2', 3'-c] Phenazine (abbreviation: HATNA), 2,4,6-tris [3'-(pyridin-3-yl) biphenyl-3-yl] -1,3 , 5-Triazine (abbreviation: TmPPPyTZ) and the like can be used for organic compounds having unshared electron pairs.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the protective layers 131 and 132 are on the light emitting devices 130a, 130b and 130c. By providing the protective layers 131 and 132, the reliability of the light emitting device can be improved.
- the conductivity of the protective layers 131 and 132 does not matter.
- As the protective layers 131 and 132 at least one of an insulating film, a semiconductor film, and a conductive film can be used.
- the protective layers 131 and 132 having an inorganic film, oxidation of the counter electrodes 115a, 115b and 115c can be prevented, impurities (moisture, oxygen, etc.) can be prevented from entering the light emitting devices 130a, 130b and 130c. Deterioration of the light emitting device can be suppressed and the reliability of the display device can be improved.
- an inorganic insulating film such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxide nitride insulating film, and a nitride oxide insulating film can be used.
- the oxide insulating film include a silicon oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a germanium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a neodymium oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, and a tantalum oxide film. ..
- Examples of the nitride insulating film include a silicon nitride film and an aluminum nitride film.
- Examples of the oxide nitride insulating film include a silicon nitride film and an aluminum nitride film.
- Examples of the nitriding insulating film include a silicon nitriding film and an aluminum nitriding film.
- the oxide nitride refers to a material having a higher oxygen content than nitrogen in its composition, and the nitride oxide has a higher nitrogen content than oxygen in its composition. Refers to the material.
- the protective layers 131 and 132 preferably have a nitride insulating film or a nitride oxide insulating film, respectively, and more preferably have a nitride insulating film.
- the protective layers 131 and 132 include ITO, In-Zn oxide, Ga-Zn oxide, Al-Zn oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide (also referred to as In-Ga-Zn oxide, IGZO) and the like.
- An inorganic film containing zinc can also be used.
- the inorganic film preferably has a high resistance, and specifically, it preferably has a higher resistance than the counter electrodes 115a, 115b, and 115c.
- the inorganic film may further contain nitrogen.
- the protective layers 131 and 132 When the light emitted from the light emitting device is taken out through the protective layers 131 and 132, the protective layers 131 and 132 preferably have high transparency to visible light.
- the protective layers 131 and 132 preferably have high transparency to visible light.
- ITO, IGZO, and aluminum oxide are preferable because they are inorganic materials having high transparency to visible light.
- Examples of the protective layers 131 and 132 include a laminated structure of an aluminum oxide film and a silicon nitride film on an aluminum oxide film, or a laminated structure of an aluminum oxide film and an IGZO film on an aluminum oxide film. Can be used. By using the laminated structure, it is possible to prevent impurities (water, oxygen, etc.) from entering the EL layer side.
- the protective layers 131 and 132 may have an organic film.
- the protective layer 132 may have both an organic film and an inorganic film.
- the gap 133 may be present between the protective layer 131 and the protective layer 132, or in the protective layer 132.
- the void 133 may be formed.
- the protective layer 131 is formed by using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method and the protective layer 132 is formed by using the sputtering method.
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- the void 133 has, for example, one or more selected from air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and Group 18 elements (typically helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton, etc.). Further, the void 133 may contain, for example, a gas used for forming the protective layer 132. For example, when the protective layer 132 is formed by the sputtering method, the void 133 may contain any one or more of the above Group 18 elements. When the void 133 contains a gas, the gas can be identified by a gas chromatography method or the like. Alternatively, when the protective layer 132 is formed by the sputtering method, the gas used during sputtering may be contained in the film of the protective layer 132. In this case, when the protective layer 132 is analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX analysis) or the like, an element such as argon may be detected.
- EDX analysis energy dispersive X-ray analysis
- the refractive index of the void 133 is lower than the refractive index of the protective layer 131, the light emitted from the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, or the third layer 113c is transferred to the protective layer 131 and the void 133. Reflects at the interface of. As a result, it is possible to prevent the light emitted from the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, or the third layer 113c from incident on the adjacent pixel (or sub-pixel). As a result, it is possible to prevent light of different colors from being mixed, so that the display quality of the display device can be improved.
- Each end of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, 111c is covered with an insulating layer 121.
- light emitting layers of each color are provided in an island shape for each light emitting device, and are manufactured by a so-called separate painting method (SBS (Side By Side) method). Therefore, it is possible to realize a display device having high light extraction efficiency as compared with a configuration in which a white light emitting device and a color filter are combined. Further, since a single-structured light-emitting device can be applied, a display device having a lower drive voltage can be realized as compared with a configuration using a tandem-structured light-emitting device.
- SBS Standard By Side
- the SBS method it is possible to realize a display device having low power consumption as compared with a configuration in which a light emitting device for white light emission and a color filter are combined and a configuration in which a light emitting device having a tandem structure is used.
- the display device of the present embodiment can reduce the distance between the light emitting devices.
- the distance between the light emitting devices is 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 500 nm or less, more preferably 200 nm or less, 100 nm or less, 90 nm or less, 70 nm or less, 50 nm or less, 30 nm or less, 20 nm or less, 15 nm or less, or 10 nm. It can be as follows. In other words, there is a region where the distance between the side surface of the first layer 113a and the side surface of the second layer 113b, or the distance between the side surface of the second layer 113b and the side surface of the third layer 113c is 1 ⁇ m or less. It has a region of 0.5 ⁇ m (500 nm) or less, and more preferably a region of 100 nm or less.
- FIGS. 2 to 7 are top views showing a method of manufacturing a display device.
- 3A to 3C show a cross-sectional view between the alternate long and short dash lines X1-X2 and a cross-sectional view between Y1-Y2 in FIG. 1A side by side.
- FIGS. 4 to 7 show a cross-sectional view between the alternate long and short dash lines X1-X2 and a cross-sectional view between Y1-Y2 in FIG. 1A side by side. The same applies to FIGS. 4 to 7 as in FIG.
- the thin films (insulating film, semiconductor film, conductive film, etc.) constituting the display device are formed by a sputtering method, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, a vacuum deposition method, and a pulsed laser deposition (PLD). ) Method, ALD method, etc. can be used for formation.
- CVD method include a plasma chemical vapor deposition (PECVD: Plasma Enhanced CVD) method and a thermal CVD method.
- PECVD plasma chemical vapor deposition
- thermal CVD there is an organometallic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD: Metal Organic CVD) method.
- the thin films (insulating film, semiconductor film, conductive film, etc.) constituting the display device include spin coating, dip, spray coating, inkjet, dispense, screen printing, offset printing, doctor knife, slit coating, roll coating, etc. It can be formed by a method such as a curtain coat or a knife coat.
- a vacuum process such as a vapor deposition method and a solution process such as a spin coating method and an inkjet method can be used for manufacturing the light emitting device.
- the vapor deposition method include a physical vapor deposition method (PVD method) such as a sputtering method, an ion plating method, an ion beam vapor deposition method, a molecular beam vapor deposition method, and a vacuum vapor deposition method, and a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method).
- PVD method physical vapor deposition method
- CVD method chemical vapor deposition method
- a vapor deposition method vacuum vapor deposition method, etc.
- a coating method dip coating method, etc.
- printing method ink-film deposition method, screen (lithographic printing) method, offset (lithographic printing) method, flexo (lithographic printing) method, gravure method, or micro It can be formed by a method such as the contact method).
- the thin film when processing the thin film constituting the display device, a photolithography method or the like can be used.
- the thin film may be processed by a nanoimprint method, a sandblast method, a lift-off method, or the like.
- the island-shaped thin film may be directly formed by a film forming method using a shielding mask such as a metal mask.
- a photolithography method there are typically the following two methods.
- One is a method of forming a resist mask on a thin film to be processed, processing the thin film by etching or the like, and removing the resist mask.
- the other is a method in which a photosensitive thin film is formed and then exposed and developed to process the thin film into a desired shape.
- the light used for exposure for example, i-line (wavelength 365 nm), g-line (wavelength 436 nm), h-line (wavelength 405 nm), or a mixture of these can be used.
- ultraviolet rays, KrF laser light, ArF laser light, or the like can also be used.
- the exposure may be performed by the immersion exposure technique.
- extreme ultraviolet (EUV: Extreme Ultra-violet) light or X-rays may be used.
- an electron beam can be used instead of the light used for exposure. It is preferable to use extreme ultraviolet light, X-rays, or an electron beam because extremely fine processing is possible.
- extreme ultraviolet light, X-rays, or an electron beam because extremely fine processing is possible.
- a dry etching method, a wet etching method, a sandblasting method, or the like can be used for etching the thin film.
- the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, 111c and the conductive layer 123 are formed on the layer 101 containing the transistor. Each pixel electrode is provided on the display unit, and the conductive layer 123 is provided on the connection unit 140.
- FIG. 3A shows an example in which the end portion of the first layer 113A on the connecting portion 140 side is located inside the end portion of the first sacrificial layer 118A in the cross-sectional view between Y1 and Y2. Not limited.
- the end of the first layer 113A and the end of the first sacrificial layer 118A may be aligned, or the first layer 113A may be provided on the conductive layer 123.
- the first sacrificial layer 118A and the first layer 113A can be used.
- the area where the film is formed can be changed.
- the materials that can be used as the pixel electrodes are as described above.
- a sputtering method or a vacuum vapor deposition method can be used.
- Examples of the organic insulating material that can be used for the insulating layer 121 include acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, polyimideamide resin, polysiloxane resin, benzocyclobutene resin, and phenol resin. Further, as the inorganic insulating film that can be used for the insulating layer 121, the inorganic insulating film that can be used for the protective layers 131 and 132 can be used.
- an inorganic insulating film is used as the insulating layer 121 covering the end of the pixel electrode, impurities are less likely to enter the light emitting device as compared with the case where an organic insulating film is used, and the reliability of the light emitting device can be improved.
- the step covering property is higher than when the inorganic insulating film is used, and the shape of the pixel electrode is less affected. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a short circuit of the light emitting device.
- the shape of the insulating layer 121 can be processed into a tapered shape or the like.
- the tapered shape refers to a shape in which at least a part of the side surface of the structure is provided so as to be inclined with respect to the substrate surface or the surface to be formed.
- the insulating layer 121 may not be provided. By not providing the insulating layer 121, the aperture ratio of the sub-pixel may be increased. Alternatively, the distance between the sub-pixels can be reduced, and the definition or resolution of the display device may be increased.
- the first layer 113A is a layer that will later become the first layer 113a. Therefore, the configuration applicable to the first layer 113a described above can be applied to the first layer 113A.
- the layers constituting the first layer 113A can be formed by a method such as a thin-film deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, or a coating method, respectively. Further, the layer constituting the first layer 113A may be formed by using a premix material.
- the first sacrificial layer 118A includes a film having high resistance to processing conditions such as the first layer 113A and the second layer 113B and the third layer 113C formed in a later step, specifically, etching. Use a membrane with a large selection ratio.
- the first sacrificial layer 118A may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
- the first sacrificial layer 118A for example, a sputtering method, an ALD method (including a thermal ALD method and a PEALD method), or a vacuum deposition method can be used.
- a forming method with less damage to the EL layer is preferable, and the first sacrificial layer 118A is preferably formed by using an ALD method or a vacuum vapor deposition method rather than a sputtering method.
- the first sacrificial layer 118A it is preferable to use a film that can be removed by a wet etching method.
- a wet etching method it is possible to reduce the damage applied to the first layer 113A when the first sacrificial layer 118A is processed, as compared with the case where the dry etching method is used.
- each layer (first layer to fourth layer, etc.) constituting the EL layer is difficult to process, and the EL layer is formed. It is desirable that various sacrificial layers are not easily processed in the processing process of each layer. It is desirable to select the material of the sacrificial layer, the processing method, and the processing method of the EL layer in consideration of these.
- an inorganic film such as a metal film, an alloy film, a metal oxide film, a semiconductor film, or an inorganic insulating film can be used.
- the first sacrificial layer 118A includes, for example, a metal material such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, titanium, aluminum, yttrium, zirconium, and tantalum, or An alloy material containing the metal material can be used.
- a metal material such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, titanium, aluminum, yttrium, zirconium, and tantalum, or An alloy material containing the metal material can be used.
- the element M is aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten). , Or one or more selected from magnesium).
- the first sacrificial layer 118A various inorganic insulating films that can be used for the protective layers 131 and 132 can be used.
- the oxide insulating film is preferable because it has higher adhesion to the first layer 113A than the nitride insulating film.
- an inorganic insulating material such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or silicon oxide can be used for the first sacrificial layer 118A.
- the ALD method can be used to form an aluminum oxide film. It is preferable to use the ALD method because damage to the base (particularly the EL layer) can be reduced.
- a resist mask 190a is formed on the first sacrificial layer 118A.
- the resist mask can be formed by applying a photosensitive resin (photoresist), exposing and developing the mask.
- the resist mask 190a is provided at a position where it overlaps with the pixel electrode 111a. It is preferable that the resist mask 190a does not overlap with the pixel electrodes 111b and 111c.
- an insulating layer 121 is interposed between the resist mask 190a.
- the resist mask 190a does not overlap with the conductive layer 123. Further, by forming the first layer 113A with an area mask or the like, if the first layer 113A is not provided on the conductive layer 123, the resist mask 190a is provided at a position overlapping the conductive layer 123. Is preferable. As a result, it is possible to prevent damage to the conductive layer 123 in a later step.
- the wet etching method By using the wet etching method, it is possible to reduce the damage applied to the first layer 113A when the first sacrificial layer 118A is processed, as compared with the case where the dry etching method is used.
- a developing solution an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), dilute phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, or a chemical solution using a mixed solution thereof may be used. preferable.
- a gas containing oxygen as the etching gas.
- a gas containing a noble gas such as CF 4 , C 4 F 8 , SF 6 , CHF 3 , Cl 2 , H 2 O, B Cl 3 , or He is etched. It is preferably used for gas.
- FIG. 3C shows an example in which the first sacrificial layer 118A and the first layer 113A are processed with the resist mask 190a left, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the first sacrificial layer 118A has a laminated structure
- a part of the layers is processed by using the resist mask 190a
- the resist mask 190a is removed, and then the part of the layers is used as a hard mask and the rest. Layer may be processed.
- the resist mask 190a is removed by ashing using oxygen plasma or the like.
- the first layer 113A is damaged in the process of removing the resist mask 190a. Can be suppressed.
- a part of the processed first sacrificial layer 118A can be used as a hard mask to process the remaining layer of the first sacrificial layer 118A and the first layer 113A, respectively.
- the processing of the first layer 113A is preferably performed by anisotropic etching.
- anisotropic dry etching is preferable.
- the etching gas it is preferable to use a gas containing nitrogen, a gas containing hydrogen, a gas containing noble gas, a gas containing nitrogen and argon, a gas containing nitrogen and hydrogen, and the like. By not using a gas containing oxygen as the etching gas, deterioration of the first layer 113A can be suppressed.
- a gas containing oxygen may be used as the etching gas. Since the etching gas contains oxygen, the etching speed can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to perform etching under low power conditions while maintaining a sufficient etching rate. Therefore, the damage given to the first layer 113A can be suppressed. Further, it is possible to suppress problems such as adhesion of reaction products that occur during etching.
- a second layer 113B is formed on the first sacrificial layer 118a, the pixel electrodes 111b and 111c, the insulating layer 121, and the conductive layer 123, and on the second layer 113B.
- a second sacrificial layer 118B is formed in.
- FIG. 4A shows an example in which the end portion of the second layer 113B on the connecting portion 140 side is located inside the end portion of the second sacrificial layer 118B in the cross-sectional view between Y1 and Y2. Not limited.
- the end of the second layer 113B and the end of the second sacrificial layer 118B may be aligned, or the second layer 113B may be provided on the conductive layer 123.
- the second sacrificial layer 118B can be formed using a material applicable to the first sacrificial layer 118A.
- a resist mask 190b is formed on the second sacrificial layer 118B.
- the resist mask 190b is provided at a position where it overlaps with the pixel electrode 111b.
- the resist mask 190b may overlap the first layer 113a on the insulating layer 121.
- the end portion of the first layer 113a and the end portion of the second layer 113b formed by using the resist mask 190b overlap.
- the method for manufacturing the display device of the present embodiment further includes a step of processing the first layer 113a and the second layer 113b (a processing step using a resist mask 190d described later).
- the resist mask 190b does not overlap with the first layer 113a and the pixel electrodes 111a and 111c when the insulating layer 121 is not interposed.
- the resist mask 190b overlaps with the pixel electrodes 111a and 111c, it is preferable that an insulating layer 121 is interposed between the resist mask 190b.
- the resist mask 190b is provided with one island-shaped pattern for one sub-pixel 110b.
- one band-shaped pattern may be formed for a plurality of sub-pixels 110b arranged in a row.
- a part of the second layer 113B and a part of the second sacrificial layer 118B are removed by using the resist mask 190b.
- the region of the second layer 113B and the second sacrificial layer 118B that does not overlap with the resist mask 190b can be removed. Therefore, the first sacrificial layer 118a, the pixel electrode 111c, and the conductive layer 123 are exposed.
- the laminated structure of the second layer 113b, the second sacrificial layer 118b, and the resist mask 190b remains on the pixel electrode 111b. After that, the resist mask 190b is removed.
- the second sacrificial layer 118B can be processed using a method applicable to the processing of the first sacrificial layer 118A.
- the second layer 113B can be processed using a method applicable to the processing of the first layer 113A.
- the resist mask 190b can be removed by a method and timing applicable to the removal of the resist mask 190a.
- a third layer 113C is formed on the first sacrificial layer 118a, the second sacrificial layer 118b, the pixel electrode 111c, the insulating layer 121, and the conductive layer 123, and the third layer 113C is formed.
- a third sacrificial layer 118C is formed on the third layer 113C.
- FIG. 5A shows an example in which the end portion of the third layer 113C on the connecting portion 140 side is located inside the end portion of the third sacrificial layer 118C in the cross-sectional view between Y1 and Y2. Not limited.
- the end of the third layer 113C and the end of the third sacrificial layer 118C may be aligned, or the third layer 113C may be provided on the conductive layer 123.
- the third layer 113C is a layer that will later become the third layer 113c.
- the third layer 113c emits light of a color different from that of the first layer 113a and the second layer 113b.
- the configuration, materials, and the like applicable to the third layer 113c are the same as those of the first layer 113a.
- the third layer 113C can be formed by the same method as that of the first layer 113A.
- the third sacrificial layer 118C can be formed using a material applicable to the first sacrificial layer 118A.
- a resist mask 190c is formed on the third sacrificial layer 118C.
- the resist mask 190c is provided at a position overlapping the pixel electrode 111c.
- the resist mask 190c may overlap with at least one of the first layer 113a and the second layer 113b on the insulating layer 121.
- the end of the first layer 113a or the end of the second layer 113b overlaps with the end of the third layer 113c formed by using the resist mask 190c.
- the method for manufacturing the display device of the present embodiment further includes a step of processing the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c (using the resist mask 190d described later). Processing process).
- the resist mask 190c does not overlap with the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the pixel electrodes 111a and 111b when the insulating layer 121 is not interposed.
- the resist mask 190c overlaps with the pixel electrodes 111a and 111b, it is preferable that an insulating layer 121 is interposed between the resist mask 190c.
- the resist mask 190c is provided with one island-shaped pattern for one sub-pixel 110c.
- one band-shaped pattern may be formed for a plurality of sub-pixels 110c arranged in a row.
- a part of the third layer 113C and a part of the third sacrificial layer 118C are removed by using the resist mask 190c.
- the region of the third layer 113C and the third sacrificial layer 118C that does not overlap with the resist mask 190c can be removed. Therefore, the first sacrificial layer 118a, the second sacrificial layer 118b, and the conductive layer 123 are exposed.
- the laminated structure of the third layer 113c, the third sacrificial layer 118c, and the resist mask 190c remains on the pixel electrode 111c. Then, the resist mask 190c is removed.
- the third sacrificial layer 118C can be processed using a method applicable to the processing of the first sacrificial layer 118A.
- the third layer 113C can be processed using a method applicable to the processing of the first layer 113A.
- the resist mask 190c can be removed by a method and timing applicable to the removal of the resist mask 190a.
- the first sacrificial layer 118a, the second sacrificial layer 118b, and the third sacrificial layer 118c are removed.
- the first layer 113a on the pixel electrode 111a, the second layer 113b on the pixel electrode 111b, the third layer 113c on the pixel electrode 111c, and the conductive layer 123 are exposed.
- the same method as the step of processing the sacrificial layer can be used.
- the first sacrificial layer 118a, the second sacrificial layer 118b, and the third sacrificial layer 118c are removed as compared with the case where the dry etching method is used.
- the damage applied to the layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c can be reduced.
- a fourth layer 114 is formed so as to cover the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, the third layer 113c, the insulating layer 121, and the conductive layer 123.
- the counter electrode 115 is formed on the fourth layer 114.
- the fourth layer 114 is a layer that will later become the fourth layers 114a, 114b, 114c. Therefore, the configuration applicable to the fourth layers 114a, 114b, 114c described above can be applied to the fourth layer 114.
- the layers constituting the fourth layer 114 can be formed by a method such as a thin-film deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, or a coating method, respectively. Further, the layer constituting the fourth layer 114 may be formed by using a premix material.
- the materials that can be used as the counter electrode 115 are as described above.
- a sputtering method or a vacuum vapor deposition method can be used.
- a resist mask 190d is formed on the counter electrode 115.
- the resist mask 190d is provided at a position where it overlaps with the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, 111c.
- the resist mask 190d is provided in a region between the pixel electrode 111a and the pixel electrode 111b, a region between the pixel electrode 111b and the pixel electrode 111c, and a region between the pixel electrode 111a and the pixel electrode 111c in the top view. Is preferably not provided.
- FIG. 2D shows an example in which an opening (also referred to as a slit) of the resist mask 190d is provided in a region between two sub-pixels that exhibit light of different colors.
- No resist mask 190d is provided in each of the region between the sub-pixel 110a and the sub-pixel 110b, the region between the sub-pixel 110b and the sub-pixel 110c, and the region between the sub-pixel 110a and the sub-pixel 110c. There is a part.
- FIG. 2E shows an example in which the resist mask 190d has a portion overlapping the plurality of sub-pixels 110a, a portion overlapping the plurality of sub-pixels 110b, and a portion overlapping the plurality of sub-pixels 110c at a distance.
- the resist mask 190d may be composed of a plurality of strip-shaped patterns. Each band-shaped pattern is provided so as to overlap a part of the conductive layer 123 provided in the connecting portion 140. As a result, the counter electrode 115 can be left in the connecting portion 140, and the counter electrode 115 and the conductive layer 123 can be electrically connected to each other.
- a resist mask 190d is used to remove a part of the fourth layer 114 and the counter electrode 115. This makes it possible to remove the fourth layer 114 and the counter electrode 115 contained in the region between the two light emitting devices that emit light of different colors. Then, a laminated structure of the first layer 113a, the fourth layer 114a, the counter electrode 115a, and the resist mask 190d remains on the pixel electrode 111a.
- a laminated structure of the second layer 113b, the fourth layer 114b, the counter electrode 115b, and the resist mask 190d remains on the pixel electrode 111b, and the third layer 113c, the third layer 113c, and the resist mask 190d remain on the pixel electrode 111c.
- the laminated structure of the layer 114c of No. 4, the counter electrode 115c, and the resist mask 190d remains.
- the counter electrodes 115a, 115b, and 115c each remain on the conductive layer 123.
- the counter electrodes 115a, 115b, 115c form a continuous film (corresponding to the shape of the resist mask 190d shown in FIG. 2D).
- the counter electrode 115 can be processed by a wet etching method or a dry etching method.
- the counter electrode 115 is preferably processed by anisotropic etching.
- the fourth layer 114 can be processed using a method applicable to the processing of the first layer 113A.
- a part of the first layer 113a, a part of the second layer 113b, and a part of the third layer 113c located on the insulating layer 121 are also removed. There is. For example, if two of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c have overlapping or contacting portions on the insulating layer 121, the portions are removed by removing the portions. It is possible to electrically insulate light emitting devices that emit light of different colors from each other. Therefore, crosstalk can be suppressed.
- the resist mask 190d is removed.
- the resist mask 190d may be removed after processing the counter electrode 115.
- the fourth layer 114 can be processed by using the counter electrodes 115a, 115b, 115c as a hard mask.
- the protective layer 131 is formed on the counter electrodes 115a, 115b, 115c, and the protective layer 132 is formed on the protective layer 131.
- the materials that can be used for the protective layers 131 and 132 are as described above.
- Examples of the film forming method of the protective layers 131 and 132 include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a CVD method, and an ALD method.
- the protective layer 131 and the protective layer 132 may be films formed by using different film forming methods. Further, the protective layers 131 and 132 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure, respectively.
- the display device 100 shown in FIG. 1B can be manufactured by laminating the substrates 120 using the resin layer 119.
- FIG. 2F is a top view showing a method of manufacturing the display device.
- 8A to 8C show a cross-sectional view between the alternate long and short dash lines X1-X2 in FIG. 1A and a cross-sectional view between Y1-Y2 side by side.
- 9A is a cross-sectional view between the alternate long and short dash lines X1-X2 in FIG. 1A
- FIG. 9B is a sectional view between the alternate long and short dash lines X3-X4 in FIG. 1A.
- a resist mask 190e is formed on the protective layer 132 as shown in FIG. 8A.
- the resist mask 190e is provided at a position where it overlaps with the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, 111c.
- the resist mask 190e is provided in a region between two adjacent pixel electrodes 111a, a region between two adjacent pixel electrodes 111b, and a region between two adjacent pixel electrodes 111c in a top view. It is preferable that there is no such thing. Further, it is preferable that the resist mask 190e is not provided in the region overlapping the conductive layer 123.
- a resist mask 190e is provided in each of the region between two adjacent sub-pixels 110a, the region between two adjacent sub-pixels 110b, and the region between two adjacent sub-pixels 110c. There is a part that is not. Further, the resist mask 190e is not provided on the connecting portion 140 either.
- the ends of the resist mask 190e shown in FIG. 2F may be connected by a region (not shown). In this case, it can be said that an opening (also referred to as a slit) of the resist mask 190e is provided in a region between two adjacent sub-pixels that emit light of the same color.
- the resist mask 190e may have a plurality of strip-shaped patterns that overlap with the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c arranged in a row in the X direction.
- a part of the protective layers 131 and 132 is removed by using the resist mask 190e. This makes it possible to remove the protective layers 131 and 132 contained in the region between the two light emitting devices that emit light of the same color. Then, in the region, the counter electrodes 115a, 115b, 115c are exposed. Further, of the protective layers 131 and 132, the portion overlapping with the conductive layer 123 is also removed. As a result, the counter electrode 115b is exposed in the portion shown in FIG. 8B.
- the resist mask 190e is removed.
- the resist mask 190e may be removed after processing the protective layer 132.
- the protective layer 131 can be processed by using the protective layer 132 as a hard mask.
- the conductive layer 134 is formed on the counter electrodes 115a, 115b, 115c, and the protective layer 132.
- the counter electrodes 115a, 115b, 115c, and the conductive layer 123 are electrically connected to the conductive layer 134.
- the conductive layer 134 can be formed by using a material applicable to the pixel electrode and the counter electrode. When the conductive layer 134 is provided on the side from which light is taken out, the conductive layer 134 is formed by using a conductive material that transmits visible light.
- the conductive layer 134 is provided in a larger area than the counter electrodes 115a, 115b, and 115c, and has a function as an auxiliary wiring. By providing the conductive layer 134 on the entire surface, it is possible to suppress the voltage drop caused by the resistance of the counter electrodes 115a, 115b, 115c, reduce the uneven brightness of the display device, and realize high display quality.
- the display devices shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B can be manufactured by laminating the substrates 120 using the resin layer 119.
- the display device shown in FIG. 9A differs from the display device 100 shown in FIG. 1B in that the conductive layer 134 is provided on the protective layer 132. As shown in FIG. 9B, in the cross section between the alternate long and short dash lines X3-X4 in FIG. 1A, the fourth layers 114a, 114b, 114c are provided on the insulating layer 121, and the counter electrodes 115a, 115b, 115c are further provided. , A conductive layer 134 is provided so as to cover them.
- the island-shaped EL layer is not formed by using a fine metal mask, but is processed after forming the EL layer on one surface. Since it is formed, the island-shaped EL layer can be formed with a uniform thickness.
- the display device of the present embodiment has a configuration in which overlapping or contact of the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer constituting the light emitting device of each color is suppressed. Therefore, crosstalk is suppressed, and a display device having high definition or high resolution and high display quality can be realized.
- the display device of the present embodiment can be a high-resolution display device or a large-scale display device. Therefore, the display device of the present embodiment includes, for example, a television device, a desktop or notebook type personal computer, a monitor for a computer, a digital signage, a large game machine such as a pachinko machine, or the like, and a relatively large screen. In addition to electronic devices, it can be used as a display unit of a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, a portable game machine, a mobile information terminal, and a sound reproduction device.
- FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of the display device 100A
- FIG. 11A shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 100A.
- the display device 100A has a configuration in which the substrate 152 and the substrate 151 are bonded together.
- the substrate 152 is clearly indicated by a broken line.
- the display device 100A includes a display unit 162, a circuit 164, wiring 165, and the like.
- FIG. 10 shows an example in which IC173 and FPC172 are mounted on the display device 100A. Therefore, the configuration shown in FIG. 10 can be said to be a display module having a display device 100A, an IC (integrated circuit), and an FPC.
- a scanning line drive circuit can be used.
- the wiring 165 has a function of supplying signals and electric power to the display unit 162 and the circuit 164.
- the signal and electric power are input from the outside to the wiring 165 via the FPC 172, or are input to the wiring 165 from the IC 173.
- FIG. 10 shows an example in which the IC173 is provided on the substrate 151 by the COG (Chip On Glass) method, the COF (Chip On Film) method, or the like.
- the IC 173 an IC having, for example, a scanning line drive circuit or a signal line drive circuit can be applied.
- the display device 100A and the display module may be configured not to be provided with an IC. Further, the IC may be mounted on the FPC by the COF method or the like.
- FIG. 11A shows an example of a cross section of the display device 100A when a part of the region including the FPC 172, a part of the circuit 164, a part of the display unit 162, and a part of the region including the end are cut. show.
- the display device 100A shown in FIG. 11A has a transistor 201, a transistor 205, a light emitting device 130a that emits red light, a light emitting device 130b that emits green light, and a light emitting device that emits blue light between the substrate 151 and the substrate 152. It has a device 130c and the like.
- the three sub-pixels include sub-pixels of three colors of R, G, and B, and yellow (yellow). Examples thereof include sub-pixels of three colors of Y), cyan (C), and magenta (M).
- examples of the four sub-pixels include sub-pixels of four colors of R, G, B, and white (W), and sub-pixels of four colors of R, G, B, and Y. Be done.
- the protective layer 132 and the substrate 152 are adhered to each other via the adhesive layer 142.
- a solid sealing structure, a hollow sealing structure, or the like can be applied to seal the light emitting device.
- the space between the substrate 152 and the substrate 151 is filled with the adhesive layer 142, and a solid sealing structure is applied.
- the space may be filled with an inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon) and a hollow sealing structure may be applied.
- the adhesive layer 142 may be provided so as not to overlap with the light emitting device.
- the space may be filled with a resin different from the adhesive layer 142 provided in a frame shape.
- the light emitting devices 130a, 130b, and 130c each have the same structure as the laminated structure shown in FIG. 1B, except that the optical adjustment layer is provided between the pixel electrode and the EL layer.
- the light emitting device 130a has an optical adjustment layer 126a
- the light emitting device 130b has an optical adjustment layer 126b
- the light emitting device 130c has an optical adjustment layer 126c.
- the first embodiment can be referred to for the details of the light emitting device.
- protective layers 131 and 132 are provided on the light emitting devices 130a, 130b and 130c, respectively.
- FIG. 11A shows an example in which the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 126a is thicker than the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 126b, and the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 126b is thicker than the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 126c.
- the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 126a is set so as to intensify the red light
- the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 126b is set so as to intensify the green light
- the blue light is intensified.
- the optical adjustment layer is preferably formed by using a conductive material having transparency to visible light among the conductive materials that can be used as electrodes of the light emitting device.
- the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c are each connected to the conductive layer 222b of the transistor 205 via an opening provided in the insulating layer 214.
- the edges of the pixel electrode and the optical adjustment layer are covered with an insulating layer 121.
- the pixel electrode contains a material that reflects visible light
- the counter electrode contains a material that transmits visible light.
- the light emitted by the light emitting device is emitted to the substrate 152 side. It is preferable to use a material having high transparency to visible light for the substrate 152.
- the laminated structure from the substrate 151 to the insulating layer 214 corresponds to the layer 101 including the transistor in the first embodiment.
- Both the transistor 201 and the transistor 205 are formed on the substrate 151. These transistors can be manufactured by the same material and the same process.
- the insulating layer can function as a barrier layer.
- an inorganic insulating film as the insulating layer 211, the insulating layer 213, and the insulating layer 215, respectively.
- an inorganic insulating film for example, a silicon nitride film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, an aluminum oxide film, an aluminum nitride film, or the like can be used.
- a hafnium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a tantalum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a cerium oxide film, a neodymium oxide film and the like may be used. Further, two or more of the above-mentioned insulating films may be laminated and used.
- the organic insulating film often has a lower barrier property than the inorganic insulating film. Therefore, the organic insulating film preferably has an opening near the end of the display device 100A. As a result, it is possible to prevent impurities from entering from the end of the display device 100A via the organic insulating film.
- the organic insulating film may be formed so that the end portion of the organic insulating film is inside the end portion of the display device 100A so that the organic insulating film is not exposed at the end portion of the display device 100A.
- An organic insulating film is suitable for the insulating layer 214 that functions as a flattening layer.
- the material that can be used for the organic insulating film include acrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, polyamide resin, polyimideamide resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene resin, phenol resin, and precursors of these resins. ..
- an opening is formed in the insulating layer 214.
- an organic insulating film is used for the insulating layer 214, it is possible to prevent impurities from entering the display unit 162 from the outside through the insulating layer 214. Therefore, the reliability of the display device 100A can be improved.
- the transistors 201 and 205 include a conductive layer 221 that functions as a gate, an insulating layer 211 that functions as a gate insulating layer, a conductive layer 222a and a conductive layer 222b that function as sources and drains, a semiconductor layer 231 and an insulation that functions as a gate insulating layer. It has a layer 213 and a conductive layer 223 that functions as a gate. Here, the same hatching pattern is attached to a plurality of layers obtained by processing the same conductive film.
- the insulating layer 211 is located between the conductive layer 221 and the semiconductor layer 231.
- the insulating layer 213 is located between the conductive layer 223 and the semiconductor layer 231.
- the structure of the transistor included in the display device of this embodiment is not particularly limited.
- a planar type transistor, a stagger type transistor, an inverted stagger type transistor and the like can be used.
- a top gate type or a bottom gate type transistor structure may be used.
- gates may be provided above and below the semiconductor layer on which the channel is formed.
- a configuration in which a semiconductor layer on which a channel is formed is sandwiched between two gates is applied to the transistor 201 and the transistor 205.
- the transistor may be driven by connecting two gates and supplying the same signal to them.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor may be controlled by giving a potential for controlling the threshold voltage to one of the two gates and giving a potential for driving to the other.
- the crystallinity of the semiconductor material used for the transistor is also not particularly limited, and an amorphous semiconductor, a single crystal semiconductor, or a semiconductor having a crystallinity other than a single crystal (microcrystalline semiconductor, polycrystalline semiconductor, or a partially crystalline region) is provided. Any of the semiconductors) may be used. It is preferable to use a single crystal semiconductor or a semiconductor having crystallinity because deterioration of transistor characteristics can be suppressed.
- the semiconductor layer of the transistor preferably has a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor). That is, it is preferable that the display device of the present embodiment uses a transistor (hereinafter, OS transistor) in which a metal oxide is used in the channel forming region.
- OS transistor a transistor
- the semiconductor layer of the transistor may have silicon. Examples of silicon include amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon (low temperature polysilicon, single crystal silicon, etc.).
- the semiconductor layers include, for example, indium and M (M is gallium, aluminum, silicon, boron, ittrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lantern, cerium, neodymium, etc. It is preferable to have one or more selected from hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and magnesium) and zinc.
- M is preferably one or more selected from aluminum, gallium, yttrium, and tin.
- an oxide containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn) also referred to as IGZO
- IGZO oxide containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn)
- the atomic number ratio of In in the In-M-Zn oxide is preferably equal to or higher than the atomic number ratio of M.
- the transistor included in the circuit 164 and the transistor included in the display unit 162 may have the same structure or different structures.
- the structures of the plurality of transistors included in the circuit 164 may all be the same, or there may be two or more types.
- the structures of the plurality of transistors included in the display unit 162 may all be the same, or there may be two or more types.
- 11B and 11C show other configuration examples of the transistor.
- the transistor 209 and the transistor 210 are one of a conductive layer 221 that functions as a gate, an insulating layer 211 that functions as a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer 231 having a channel forming region 231i and a pair of low resistance regions 231n, and a pair of low resistance regions 231n.
- the conductive layer 222a connected to, the conductive layer 222b connected to the other of the pair of low resistance regions 231n, the insulating layer 225 functioning as a gate insulating layer, the conductive layer 223 functioning as a gate, and the insulating layer 215 covering the conductive layer 223.
- the insulating layer 211 is located between the conductive layer 221 and the channel forming region 231i.
- the insulating layer 225 is located at least between the conductive layer 223 and the channel forming region 231i. Further, an insulating layer 218 may be provided to cover the transistor.
- the insulating layer 225 covers the upper surface and the side surface of the semiconductor layer 231.
- the conductive layer 222a and the conductive layer 222b are connected to the low resistance region 231n via openings provided in the insulating layer 225 and the insulating layer 215, respectively.
- the conductive layer 222a and the conductive layer 222b one functions as a source and the other functions as a drain.
- the insulating layer 225 overlaps with the channel forming region 231i of the semiconductor layer 231 and does not overlap with the low resistance region 231n.
- the structure shown in FIG. 11C can be produced by processing the insulating layer 225 using the conductive layer 223 as a mask.
- the insulating layer 215 is provided so as to cover the insulating layer 225 and the conductive layer 223, and the conductive layer 222a and the conductive layer 222b are each connected to the low resistance region 231n through the opening of the insulating layer 215.
- a connecting portion 204 is provided in a region of the substrate 151 where the substrates 152 do not overlap.
- the wiring 165 is electrically connected to the FPC 172 via the conductive layer 166 and the connection layer 242.
- the conductive layer 166 is a laminated structure of a conductive film obtained by processing the same conductive film as the pixel electrode and a conductive film obtained by processing the same conductive film as the optical adjustment layer 126c. show.
- the conductive layer 166 is exposed on the upper surface of the connecting portion 204.
- the connection portion 204 and the FPC 172 can be electrically connected via the connection layer 242.
- a light-shielding layer 117 on the surface of the substrate 152 on the substrate 151 side.
- various optical members can be arranged on the outside of the substrate 152 (the surface of the substrate 152 opposite to the substrate 151 side). Examples of the optical member include a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, a light diffusing layer (diffusing film, etc.), an antireflection layer, a condensing film, and the like.
- an antistatic film for suppressing the adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film for preventing the adhesion of dirt, a hardcoat film for suppressing the occurrence of scratches due to use, a shock absorbing layer, etc. are arranged on the outside of the substrate 152. You may.
- the protective layer 131 and the protective layer 132 that cover the light emitting device it is possible to suppress the entry of impurities such as water into the light emitting device and improve the reliability of the light emitting device.
- the insulating layer 215 and the protective layer 131 or the protective layer 132 are in contact with each other through the opening of the insulating layer 214.
- the inorganic insulating films are in contact with each other.
- Glass, quartz, ceramic, sapphire, resin, metal, alloy, semiconductor and the like can be used for the substrate 151 and the substrate 152, respectively.
- a material that transmits the light is used for the substrate on the side that extracts the light from the light emitting device.
- a flexible material is used for the substrate 151 and the substrate 152, the flexibility of the display device can be increased.
- a polarizing plate may be used as the substrate 151 or the substrate 152.
- a substrate having high optical isotropic properties has a small amount of birefringence (it can be said that the amount of birefringence is small).
- the absolute value of the retardation (phase difference) value of the substrate having high optical isotropic properties is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, still more preferably 10 nm or less.
- the film having high optical isotropic properties examples include a triacetyl cellulose (TAC, also referred to as cellulose triacetate) film, a cycloolefin polymer (COP) film, a cycloolefin copolymer (COC) film, and an acrylic film.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- COC cycloolefin copolymer
- a film having a low water absorption rate as the substrate.
- a film having a water absorption rate of 1% or less more preferably a film having a water absorption rate of 0.1% or less, and further preferably using a film having a water absorption rate of 0.01% or less.
- various curable adhesives such as a photocurable adhesive such as an ultraviolet curable type, a reaction curable type adhesive, a thermosetting type adhesive, and an anaerobic type adhesive can be used.
- these adhesives include epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, phenol resin, polyimide resin, imide resin, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin and the like.
- a material having low moisture permeability such as epoxy resin is preferable.
- a two-component mixed type resin may be used.
- an anisotropic conductive film (ACF: Anisotropic Conductive Film), an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP: Anisotropic Connective Paste), or the like can be used.
- ACF Anisotropic Conductive Film
- ACP Anisotropic Connective Paste
- Materials that can be used for conductive layers such as transistor gates, sources and drains, as well as various wirings and electrodes that make up display devices include aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, and silver. Examples thereof include metals such as titanium and tungsten, and alloys containing the metal as a main component. A film containing these materials can be used as a single layer or as a laminated structure.
- a conductive oxide such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide containing gallium, or graphene can be used.
- a metal material such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, and titanium, or an alloy material containing the metal material can be used.
- a nitride of the metal material for example, titanium nitride
- the laminated film of the above material can be used as the conductive layer.
- a laminated film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and an indium tin oxide because the conductivity can be enhanced.
- These can also be used for conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes constituting the display device, and conductive layers (conductive layers that function as pixel electrodes or counter electrodes) of the light emitting device.
- Examples of the insulating material that can be used for each insulating layer include resins such as acrylic resin and epoxy resin, and inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide.
- the display device of the present embodiment can be a high-definition display device. Therefore, the display device of the present embodiment can be attached to the head of, for example, an information terminal (wearable device) such as a wristwatch type or a bracelet type, a device for VR such as a head-mounted display, or a device for AR of a glasses type. It can be used as a display unit of a wearable device that can be worn.
- an information terminal wearable device
- VR such as a head-mounted display
- AR of a glasses type a device for AR of a glasses type.
- FIG. 12A shows a perspective view of the display module 280.
- the display module 280 includes a display device 100B and an FPC 290.
- the display device included in the display module 280 is not limited to the display device 100B, and may be the display device 100C or the display device 100D described later.
- the display module 280 has a substrate 291 and a substrate 292.
- the display module 280 has a display unit 281.
- the display unit 281 is an area for displaying an image in the display module 280, and is an area in which light from each pixel provided in the pixel unit 284, which will be described later, can be visually recognized.
- FIG. 12B shows a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the substrate 291 side.
- a circuit unit 282, a pixel circuit unit 283 on the circuit unit 282, and a pixel unit 284 on the pixel circuit unit 283 are laminated on the substrate 291.
- a terminal portion 285 for connecting to the FPC 290 is provided in a portion of the substrate 291 that does not overlap with the pixel portion 284.
- the terminal portion 285 and the circuit portion 282 are electrically connected by a wiring portion 286 composed of a plurality of wirings.
- the pixel unit 284 has a plurality of pixels 284a that are periodically arranged. An enlarged view of one pixel 284a is shown on the right side of FIG. 12B. Pixels 284a have light emitting devices 130a, 130b, 130c having different emission colors. The plurality of light emitting devices can be arranged in a striped arrangement as shown in FIG. 12B. In addition, various light emitting device arrangement methods such as a delta arrangement or a pentile arrangement can be applied.
- One pixel circuit 283a is a circuit that controls light emission of three light emitting devices included in one pixel 284a.
- the one pixel circuit 283a may be configured to be provided with three circuits for controlling the light emission of one light emitting device.
- the pixel circuit 283a can have at least one selection transistor, one current control transistor (drive transistor), and a capacitive element for each light emitting device. At this time, a gate signal is input to the gate of the selection transistor, and a source signal is input to one of the source and drain. As a result, an active matrix type display device is realized.
- the circuit unit 282 has a circuit for driving each pixel circuit 283a of the pixel circuit unit 283.
- a gate line drive circuit and a source line drive circuit.
- it may have at least one of an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, a power supply circuit, and the like.
- the FPC 290 functions as wiring for supplying a video signal, a power supply potential, or the like to the circuit unit 282 from the outside. Further, the IC may be mounted on the FPC 290.
- the aperture ratio of the display unit 281 (effective display area ratio). Can be extremely high.
- the aperture ratio of the display unit 281 can be 40% or more and less than 100%, preferably 50% or more and 95% or less, and more preferably 60% or more and 95% or less.
- the pixels 284a can be arranged at an extremely high density, and the definition of the display unit 281 can be extremely high.
- pixels 284a may be arranged with a fineness of 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, still more preferably 6000 ppi or more, 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less. preferable.
- a display module 280 Since such a display module 280 has extremely high definition, it can be suitably used for a VR device such as a head-mounted display or a glasses-type AR device. For example, even in the case of a configuration in which the display unit of the display module 280 is visually recognized through the lens, since the display module 280 has an extremely high-definition display unit 281, the pixels are not visually recognized even if the display unit is enlarged by the lens. , A highly immersive display can be performed. Further, the display module 280 is not limited to this, and can be suitably used for an electronic device having a relatively small display unit. For example, it can be suitably used for a display unit of a wearable electronic device such as a wristwatch.
- Display device 100B The display device 100B shown in FIG. 13 includes a substrate 301, light emitting devices 130a, 130b, 130c, a capacitance 240, and a transistor 310.
- the substrate 301 corresponds to the substrate 291 in FIGS. 12A and 12B.
- the laminated structure from the substrate 301 to the insulating layer 255 corresponds to the layer 101 including the transistor in the first embodiment.
- the transistor 310 is a transistor having a channel forming region on the substrate 301.
- a semiconductor substrate such as a single crystal silicon substrate can be used.
- the transistor 310 has a part of the substrate 301, a conductive layer 311, a low resistance region 312, an insulating layer 313, and an insulating layer 314.
- the conductive layer 311 functions as a gate electrode.
- the insulating layer 313 is located between the substrate 301 and the conductive layer 311 and functions as a gate insulating layer.
- the low resistance region 312 is a region where the substrate 301 is doped with impurities and functions as either a source or a drain.
- the insulating layer 314 is provided so as to cover the side surface of the conductive layer 311.
- an element separation layer 315 is provided between two adjacent transistors 310 so as to be embedded in the substrate 301.
- an insulating layer 261 is provided so as to cover the transistor 310, and a capacity 240 is provided on the insulating layer 261.
- the capacity 240 has a conductive layer 241 and a conductive layer 245, and an insulating layer 243 located between them.
- the conductive layer 241 functions as one electrode of the capacity 240
- the conductive layer 245 functions as the other electrode of the capacity 240
- the insulating layer 243 functions as a dielectric of the capacity 240.
- the conductive layer 241 is provided on the insulating layer 261 and is embedded in the insulating layer 254.
- the conductive layer 241 is electrically connected to either the source or the drain of the transistor 310 by a plug 271 embedded in the insulating layer 261.
- the insulating layer 243 is provided so as to cover the conductive layer 241.
- the conductive layer 245 is provided in a region overlapping the conductive layer 241 via an insulating layer 243.
- An insulating layer 255 is provided so as to cover the capacity 240, and light emitting devices 130a, 130b, 130c and the like are provided on the insulating layer 255.
- the light emitting devices 130a, 130b, and 130c have the same structure as the laminated structure shown in FIG. 1B.
- a protective layer 131 is provided on each of the light emitting devices 130a, 130b, and 130c.
- a protective layer 132 is provided on the protective layer 131, and a substrate 120 is bonded to the protective layer 132 by a resin layer 119.
- a gap 133 is provided between the protective layer 131 and the protective layer 132.
- the substrate 120 corresponds to the substrate 292 in FIG. 12A.
- the pixel electrodes of the light emitting device are electrically connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor 310 by the plug 256 embedded in the insulating layer 255, the conductive layer 241 embedded in the insulating layer 254, and the plug 271 embedded in the insulating layer 261. Is connected.
- the transistor 320 is a transistor (OS transistor) in which a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is applied to a semiconductor layer on which a channel is formed.
- OS transistor a transistor in which a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is applied to a semiconductor layer on which a channel is formed.
- the transistor 320 has a semiconductor layer 321 and an insulating layer 323, a conductive layer 324, a pair of conductive layers 325, an insulating layer 326, and a conductive layer 327.
- the substrate 331 corresponds to the substrate 291 in FIGS. 12A and 12B.
- the laminated structure from the substrate 331 to the insulating layer 255 corresponds to the layer 101 including the transistor in the first embodiment.
- an insulating substrate or a semiconductor substrate can be used as the substrate 331.
- An insulating layer 332 is provided on the substrate 331.
- the insulating layer 332 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing from the substrate 331 into the transistor 320 and oxygen from being desorbed from the semiconductor layer 321 to the insulating layer 332.
- a film such as an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon nitride film, in which hydrogen or oxygen is less likely to diffuse than the silicon oxide film, can be used.
- the semiconductor layer 321 is provided on the insulating layer 326.
- the semiconductor layer 321 preferably has a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) film having semiconductor characteristics. Details of the materials that can be suitably used for the semiconductor layer 321 will be described later.
- the pair of conductive layers 325 are provided in contact with the semiconductor layer 321 and function as source electrodes and drain electrodes.
- an insulating layer 328 is provided so as to cover the upper surface and side surfaces of the pair of conductive layers 325, the side surfaces of the semiconductor layer 321 and the like, and the insulating layer 264 is provided on the insulating layer 328.
- the insulating layer 328 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water and hydrogen from diffusing from the insulating layer 264 and the like into the semiconductor layer 321 and oxygen from being desorbed from the semiconductor layer 321.
- the same insulating film as the insulating layer 332 can be used as the insulating layer 332.
- the insulating layer 328 and the insulating layer 264 are provided with openings that reach the semiconductor layer 321. Inside the opening, the insulating layer 264, the insulating layer 328, the side surfaces of the conductive layer 325, the insulating layer 323 in contact with the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 321 and the conductive layer 324 are embedded.
- the conductive layer 324 functions as a second gate electrode, and the insulating layer 323 functions as a second gate insulating layer.
- the upper surface of the conductive layer 324, the upper surface of the insulating layer 323, and the upper surface of the insulating layer 264 are flattened so that their heights are substantially the same, and the insulating layer 329 and the insulating layer 265 are provided to cover them. ..
- the insulating layer 264 and the insulating layer 265 function as an interlayer insulating layer.
- the insulating layer 329 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water and hydrogen from diffusing from the insulating layer 265 and the like into the transistor 320.
- the same insulating film as the insulating layer 328 and the insulating layer 332 can be used.
- the plug 274 that is electrically connected to one of the pair of conductive layers 325 is provided so as to be embedded in the insulating layer 265, the insulating layer 329, and the insulating layer 264.
- the plug 274 is a conductive layer 274a that covers a part of the side surface of each opening of the insulating layer 265, the insulating layer 329, the insulating layer 264, and the insulating layer 328, and a part of the upper surface of the conductive layer 325, and the conductive layer 274a. It is preferable to have a conductive layer 274b in contact with the upper surface. At this time, it is preferable to use a conductive material as the conductive layer 274a, which is difficult for hydrogen and oxygen to diffuse.
- the configuration of the insulating layer 254 to the substrate 120 in the display device 100C is the same as that of the display device 100B.
- Display device 100D The display device 100D shown in FIG. 15 has a configuration in which a transistor 310 having a channel formed on the substrate 301 and a transistor 320 containing a metal oxide are laminated on a semiconductor layer on which the channel is formed. The description of the same parts as those of the display devices 100B and 100C may be omitted.
- An insulating layer 261 is provided so as to cover the transistor 310, and a conductive layer 251 is provided on the insulating layer 261. Further, an insulating layer 262 is provided so as to cover the conductive layer 251, and a conductive layer 252 is provided on the insulating layer 262. The conductive layer 251 and the conductive layer 252 each function as wiring. Further, an insulating layer 263 and an insulating layer 332 are provided so as to cover the conductive layer 252, and a transistor 320 is provided on the insulating layer 332. Further, an insulating layer 265 is provided so as to cover the transistor 320, and a capacity 240 is provided on the insulating layer 265. The capacitance 240 and the transistor 320 are electrically connected by a plug 274.
- the transistor 320 can be used as a transistor constituting a pixel circuit. Further, the transistor 310 can be used as a transistor constituting a pixel circuit or a transistor constituting a drive circuit (gate line drive circuit, source line drive circuit) for driving the pixel circuit. Further, the transistor 310 and the transistor 320 can be used as transistors constituting various circuits such as an arithmetic circuit or a storage circuit.
- the light emitting device shown in FIG. 16A has an electrode 772, an EL layer 786, and an electrode 788.
- the electrode 772 and the electrode 788 one functions as an anode and the other functions as a cathode.
- the electrode 772 and the electrode 788 one functions as a pixel electrode and the other functions as a counter electrode.
- the electrode on the side that extracts light has transparency to visible light, and the other electrode reflects visible light.
- the EL layer 786 of the light emitting device can be composed of a plurality of layers such as layer 4420, light emitting layer 4411, and layer 4430.
- the layer 4420 can have, for example, a layer containing a substance having a high electron injectability (electron injection layer), a layer containing a substance having a high electron transport property (electron transport layer), and the like.
- the light emitting layer 4411 has, for example, a luminescent compound.
- the layer 4430 can have, for example, a layer containing a substance having a high hole injection property (hole injection layer) and a layer containing a substance having a high hole transport property (hole transport layer).
- a configuration having a layer 4420, a light emitting layer 4411, and a layer 4430 provided between a pair of electrodes can function as a single light emitting unit, and the configuration of FIG. 16A is referred to herein as a single structure.
- FIG. 16B is a modification of the EL layer 786 included in the light emitting device shown in FIG. 16A.
- the light emitting device shown in FIG. 16B includes a layer 4431 on the electrode 772, a layer 4432 on the layer 4431, a light emitting layer 4411 on the layer 4432, a layer 4421 on the light emitting layer 4411, and a layer 4421. It has a layer 4422 and an electrode 788 on the layer 4422.
- layer 4431 functions as a hole injection layer
- layer 4432 functions as a hole transport layer
- layer 4421 functions as an electron transport layer
- layer 4422 when the electrode 772 is used as an anode and the electrode 788 is used as a cathode, layer 4431 functions as a hole injection layer, layer 4432 functions as a hole transport layer, layer 4421 functions as an electron transport layer, and layer 4422.
- the layer 4431 functions as an electron injection layer
- the layer 4432 functions as an electron transport layer
- the layer 4421 functions as a hole transport layer
- the layer 4422 functions. Functions as a hole injection layer.
- a configuration in which a plurality of light emitting layers (light emitting layers 4411, 4412, 4413) are provided between the layer 4420 and the layer 4430 is also a variation of the single structure.
- tandem structure a configuration in which a plurality of light emitting units (EL layers 786a and 786b) are connected in series via an intermediate layer 4440 (also referred to as a charge generation layer) is referred to as a tandem structure in the present specification.
- the structure is not limited to this, and for example, the tandem structure may be called a stack structure.
- the tandem structure makes it possible to obtain a light emitting device capable of high-luminance light emission.
- the layer 4420 and the layer 4430 can each have a laminated structure composed of two or more layers.
- the emission color of the light emitting device can be red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, white, or the like, depending on the material constituting the EL layer 786. Further, the color purity can be further improved by imparting a microcavity structure to the light emitting device.
- the light emitting device that emits white light preferably has a structure in which the light emitting layer contains two or more kinds of light emitting substances.
- a light emitting substance may be selected so that the light emission of each of the two or more light emitting substances has a complementary color relationship.
- the emission color of the first light emitting layer and the emission color of the second light emitting layer have a complementary color relationship, it is possible to obtain a light emitting device that emits white light as the entire light emitting device.
- a white light emitting device having a single structure can be realized.
- the light emitting layer preferably contains two or more light emitting substances such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), and O (orange).
- the substance has two or more luminescent substances, and the luminescence of each luminescent substance contains spectral components of two or more colors among R, G, and B.
- the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium or zinc. In particular, it preferably contains indium and zinc. In addition to them, it is preferable that aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin and the like are contained. It may also contain one or more selected from boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, cobalt and the like. ..
- the metal oxide can be deposited by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method such as a sputtering method, an organic metal chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method, or an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. It can be formed by the Layer Deposition) method or the like.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- MOCVD organic metal chemical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- the crystal structure of the oxide semiconductor includes amorphous (including compactly atomous), CAAC (c-axis-aligned crystalline), nc (nanocrystalline), CAC (crowd-aligned crystal), single crystal (single crystal), and single crystal. (Polycrystal) and the like.
- the crystal structure of the film or substrate can be evaluated using an X-ray diffraction (XRD: X-Ray Diffraction) spectrum.
- XRD X-Ray Diffraction
- it can be evaluated using the XRD spectrum obtained by GIXD (Grazing-Incidence XRD) measurement.
- GIXD Gram-Incidence XRD
- the GIXD method is also referred to as a thin film method or a Seemann-Bohlin method.
- the shape of the peak of the XRD spectrum is almost symmetrical.
- the shape of the peak of the XRD spectrum is asymmetrical.
- the asymmetrical shape of the peaks in the XRD spectrum clearly indicates the presence of crystals in the film or substrate. In other words, the film or substrate cannot be said to be in an amorphous state unless the shape of the peak of the XRD spectrum is symmetrical.
- the crystal structure of the film or substrate can be evaluated by a diffraction pattern (also referred to as a microelectron diffraction pattern) observed by a micro electron diffraction method (NBED: Nano Beam Electron Diffraction).
- a diffraction pattern also referred to as a microelectron diffraction pattern
- NBED Nano Beam Electron Diffraction
- halos are observed, and it can be confirmed that the quartz glass is in an amorphous state.
- a spot-like pattern is observed instead of a halo. Therefore, it is presumed that the IGZO film formed at room temperature is neither in a crystalline state nor in an amorphous state, in an intermediate state, and cannot be concluded to be in an amorphous state.
- oxide semiconductors may be classified differently from the above.
- oxide semiconductors are divided into single crystal oxide semiconductors and other non-single crystal oxide semiconductors.
- the non-single crystal oxide semiconductor include the above-mentioned CAAC-OS and nc-OS.
- the non-single crystal oxide semiconductor includes a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, a pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like OS: amorphous-like oxide semiconductor), an amorphous oxide semiconductor, and the like.
- CAAC-OS CAAC-OS
- nc-OS nc-OS
- a-like OS the details of the above-mentioned CAAC-OS, nc-OS, and a-like OS will be described.
- CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor having a plurality of crystal regions, and the plurality of crystal regions are oriented in a specific direction on the c-axis.
- the specific direction is the thickness direction of the CAAC-OS film, the normal direction of the surface to be formed of the CAAC-OS film, or the normal direction of the surface of the CAAC-OS film.
- the crystal region is a region having periodicity in the atomic arrangement. When the atomic arrangement is regarded as a lattice arrangement, the crystal region is also a region in which the lattice arrangement is aligned. Further, the CAAC-OS has a region in which a plurality of crystal regions are connected in the ab plane direction, and the region may have distortion.
- the strain refers to a region in which a plurality of crystal regions are connected in which the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region in which the lattice arrangement is aligned and a region in which another grid arrangement is aligned. That is, CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor that is c-axis oriented and not clearly oriented in the ab plane direction.
- Each of the plurality of crystal regions is composed of one or a plurality of minute crystals (crystals having a maximum diameter of less than 10 nm).
- the maximum diameter of the crystal region is less than 10 nm.
- the size of the crystal region may be about several tens of nm.
- CAAC-OS has indium (In) and oxygen. It tends to have a layered crystal structure (also referred to as a layered structure) in which a layer (hereinafter, In layer) and a layer having elements M, zinc (Zn), and oxygen (hereinafter, (M, Zn) layer) are laminated. There is. Indium and element M can be replaced with each other. Therefore, the (M, Zn) layer may contain indium. In addition, the In layer may contain the element M. The In layer may contain Zn.
- the layered structure is observed as a lattice image in, for example, a high-resolution TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) image.
- the position of the peak indicating the c-axis orientation may vary depending on the type and composition of the metal elements constituting CAAC-OS.
- a plurality of bright spots are observed in the electron diffraction pattern of the CAAC-OS film.
- a certain spot and another spot are observed at point-symmetrical positions with the spot of the incident electron beam passing through the sample (also referred to as a direct spot) as the center of symmetry.
- the lattice arrangement in the crystal region is based on a hexagonal lattice, but the unit lattice is not limited to a regular hexagon and may be a non-regular hexagon. Further, in the above strain, it may have a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon or a heptagon.
- a clear grain boundary cannot be confirmed even in the vicinity of strain. That is, it can be seen that the formation of grain boundaries is suppressed by the distortion of the lattice arrangement. This is because CAAC-OS can tolerate distortion due to the fact that the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the ab plane direction and that the bond distance between atoms changes due to the substitution of metal atoms. it is conceivable that.
- CAAC-OS for which no clear crystal grain boundary is confirmed, is one of the crystalline oxides having a crystal structure suitable for the semiconductor layer of the transistor.
- a configuration having Zn is preferable.
- In-Zn oxide and In-Ga-Zn oxide are more suitable than In oxide because they can suppress the generation of grain boundaries.
- CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor having high crystallinity and no clear grain boundary is confirmed. Therefore, it can be said that CAAC-OS is unlikely to cause a decrease in electron mobility due to grain boundaries. Further, since the crystallinity of the oxide semiconductor may be lowered due to the mixing of impurities, the generation of defects, etc., CAAC-OS can be said to be an oxide semiconductor having few impurities and defects (oxygen deficiency, etc.). Therefore, the oxide semiconductor having CAAC-OS has stable physical properties. Therefore, the oxide semiconductor having CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability. CAAC-OS is also stable against high temperatures (so-called thermal budgets) in the manufacturing process. Therefore, when CAAC-OS is used for the OS transistor, the degree of freedom in the manufacturing process can be expanded.
- nc-OS has periodicity in the atomic arrangement in a minute region (for example, a region of 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly a region of 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less).
- nc-OS has tiny crystals. Since the size of the minute crystal is, for example, 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, the minute crystal is also referred to as a nanocrystal.
- nc-OS does not show regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, no orientation is observed in the entire film.
- nc-OS may be indistinguishable from a-like OS or amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on the analysis method.
- a structural analysis is performed on an nc-OS film using an XRD apparatus, a peak indicating crystallinity is not detected in the Out-of-plane XRD measurement using a ⁇ / 2 ⁇ scan.
- electron beam diffraction also referred to as limited field electron diffraction
- a diffraction pattern such as a halo pattern is performed. Is observed.
- electron diffraction also referred to as nanobeam electron diffraction
- an electron beam having a probe diameter for example, 1 nm or more and 30 nm or less
- An electron diffraction pattern in which a plurality of spots are observed in a ring-shaped region centered on a direct spot may be acquired.
- the a-like OS is an oxide semiconductor having a structure between nc-OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- the a-like OS has a void or low density region. That is, the a-like OS has lower crystallinity than the nc-OS and CAAC-OS.
- a-like OS has a higher hydrogen concentration in the membrane than nc-OS and CAAC-OS.
- CAC-OS relates to the material composition.
- CAC-OS is, for example, a composition of a material in which the elements constituting the metal oxide are unevenly distributed in a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, or a size close thereto.
- the metal oxide one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed, and the region having the metal element has a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, or a size close thereto.
- the mixed state is also called a mosaic shape or a patch shape.
- CAC-OS has a structure in which the material is separated into a first region and a second region to form a mosaic shape, and the first region is distributed in the film (hereinafter, also referred to as a cloud shape). It says.). That is, CAC-OS is a composite metal oxide having a structure in which the first region and the second region are mixed.
- the atomic number ratios of In, Ga, and Zn with respect to the metal elements constituting CAC-OS in the In-Ga-Zn oxide are expressed as [In], [Ga], and [Zn], respectively.
- the first region is a region in which [In] is larger than [In] in the composition of CAC-OS.
- the second region is a region in which [Ga] is larger than [Ga] in the composition of CAC-OS.
- the first region is a region in which [In] is larger than [In] in the second region and [Ga] is smaller than [Ga] in the second region.
- the second region is a region in which [Ga] is larger than [Ga] in the first region and [In] is smaller than [In] in the first region.
- the first region is a region in which indium oxide, indium zinc oxide, or the like is the main component.
- the second region is a region in which gallium oxide, gallium zinc oxide, or the like is the main component. That is, the first region can be rephrased as a region containing In as a main component. Further, the second region can be rephrased as a region containing Ga as a main component.
- CAC-OS in In-Ga-Zn oxide is a region containing Ga as a main component and a part of In as a main component in a material composition containing In, Ga, Zn, and O. Each of the regions is mosaic, and these regions are randomly present. Therefore, it is presumed that CAC-OS has a structure in which metal elements are non-uniformly distributed.
- the CAC-OS can be formed by a sputtering method, for example, under the condition that the substrate is not heated.
- a sputtering method one or more selected from an inert gas (typically argon), an oxygen gas, and a nitrogen gas may be used as the film forming gas. good.
- the lower the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas to the total flow rate of the film-forming gas at the time of film formation is preferable.
- the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas to the total flow rate of the film-forming gas at the time of film formation is preferably 0% or more and less than 30%. Is preferably 0% or more and 10% or less.
- EDX Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the first region is a region having higher conductivity than the second region. That is, when the carrier flows through the first region, conductivity as a metal oxide is exhibited. Therefore, high field effect mobility ( ⁇ ) can be realized by distributing the first region in the metal oxide in a cloud shape.
- the second region is a region having higher insulating properties than the first region. That is, the leakage current can be suppressed by distributing the second region in the metal oxide.
- CAC-OS when used for a transistor, the conductivity caused by the first region and the insulating property caused by the second region act in a complementary manner to cause a switching function (On / Off). Function) can be added to CAC-OS. That is, the CAC-OS has a conductive function in a part of the material and an insulating function in a part of the material, and has a function as a semiconductor in the whole material. By separating the conductive function and the insulating function, both functions can be maximized. Therefore, by using CAC-OS for the transistor, high on -current (Ion), high field effect mobility ( ⁇ ), and good switching operation can be realized.
- Ion on -current
- ⁇ high field effect mobility
- CAC-OS is most suitable for various semiconductor devices including display devices.
- Oxide semiconductors have various structures, and each has different characteristics.
- the oxide semiconductor of one aspect of the present invention has two or more of amorphous oxide semiconductor, polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, a-like OS, CAC-OS, nc-OS, and CAAC-OS. You may.
- the oxide semiconductor as a transistor, a transistor having high field effect mobility can be realized. Moreover, a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
- the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor is 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm -3 or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm -3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm -3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 11 cm ⁇ . It is 3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 cm -3 , and more than 1 ⁇ 10 -9 cm -3 .
- the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor film may be lowered to lower the defect level density.
- a low impurity concentration and a low defect level density is referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic.
- An oxide semiconductor having a low carrier concentration may be referred to as a high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic oxide semiconductor.
- the trap level density may also be low.
- the charge captured at the trap level of the oxide semiconductor takes a long time to disappear, and may behave as if it were a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor in which a channel formation region is formed in an oxide semiconductor having a high trap level density may have unstable electrical characteristics.
- Impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon and the like.
- the concentration of silicon or carbon in the oxide semiconductor and the concentration of silicon or carbon near the interface with the oxide semiconductor are 2 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the oxide semiconductor contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal
- defect levels may be formed and carriers may be generated. Therefore, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal tends to have a normally-on characteristic. Therefore, the concentration of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is set to 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the nitrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is less than 5 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, and more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less. , More preferably 5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- hydrogen contained in an oxide semiconductor reacts with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to become water, which may form an oxygen deficiency.
- oxygen deficiency When hydrogen enters the oxygen deficiency, electrons that are carriers may be generated.
- a part of hydrogen may be combined with oxygen that is bonded to a metal atom to generate an electron as a carrier. Therefore, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing hydrogen tends to have a normally-on characteristic. Therefore, it is preferable that hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor is reduced as much as possible.
- the hydrogen concentration obtained by SIMS is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , and more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm. Less than 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 .
- the electronic device of the present embodiment has a display device of one aspect of the present invention in the display unit.
- the display device according to one aspect of the present invention can easily be made high-definition and high-resolution. Therefore, it can be used as a display unit of various electronic devices.
- Electronic devices include, for example, electronic devices with relatively large screens such as television devices, desktop or notebook personal computers, monitors for computers, digital signage, and large game machines such as pachinko machines, as well as digital devices. Examples include cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, mobile information terminals, sound reproduction devices, and the like.
- the display device of one aspect of the present invention can increase the definition, it can be suitably used for an electronic device having a relatively small display unit.
- electronic devices include wristwatch-type and bracelet-type information terminals (wearable devices), VR devices such as head-mounted displays, glasses-type AR devices, and MR devices. Examples include wearable devices that can be attached to the unit.
- the display device of one aspect of the present invention includes HD (number of pixels 1280 ⁇ 720), FHD (number of pixels 1920 ⁇ 1080), WQHD (number of pixels 2560 ⁇ 1440), WQXGA (number of pixels 2560 ⁇ 1600), 4K (number of pixels). It is preferable to have an extremely high resolution such as 3840 ⁇ 2160) and 8K (number of pixels 7680 ⁇ 4320). In particular, it is preferable to set the resolution to 4K, 8K, or higher.
- the pixel density (definition) in the display device of one aspect of the present invention is preferably 100 ppi or more, preferably 300 ppi or more, more preferably 500 ppi or more, more preferably 1000 ppi or more, more preferably 2000 ppi or more, and more preferably 3000 ppi or more. More preferably, 5000 ppi or more is more preferable, and 7000 ppi or more is further preferable.
- the screen ratio (aspect ratio) of the display device according to one aspect of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the display device can support various screen ratios such as 1: 1 (square), 4: 3, 16: 9, 16:10.
- the electronic device of the present embodiment includes sensors (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, voice, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage). , Including the ability to measure power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared rays).
- the electronic device of this embodiment can have various functions. For example, a function to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function to display a calendar, date or time, a function to execute various software (programs), wireless communication. It can have a function, a function of reading a program or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like.
- FIGS. 17A and 17B and FIGS. 18A and 18B An example of a wearable device that can be worn on the head will be described with reference to FIGS. 17A and 17B and FIGS. 18A and 18B.
- These wearable devices have one or both of a function of displaying AR contents and a function of displaying VR contents.
- these wearable devices may have a function of displaying SR or MR contents. Since the electronic device has a function of displaying contents such as AR, VR, SR, and MR, it is possible to enhance the immersive feeling of the user.
- the electronic device 700A shown in FIG. 17A and the electronic device 700B shown in FIG. 17B have a pair of display panels 751, a pair of housings 721, a communication unit (not shown), and a pair of mounting units 723, respectively. It has a control unit (not shown), an imaging unit (not shown), a pair of optical members 753, a frame 757, and a pair of nose pads 758.
- a display device can be applied to the display panel 751. Therefore, it is possible to make an electronic device capable of displaying extremely high definition.
- the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B can each project the image displayed on the display panel 751 onto the display area 756 of the optical member 753. Since the optical member 753 has translucency, the user can see the image displayed in the display area by superimposing it on the transmitted image visually recognized through the optical member 753. Therefore, the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B are electronic devices capable of AR display, respectively.
- the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B may be provided with a camera capable of photographing the front as an imaging unit. Further, each of the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B is provided with an acceleration sensor such as a gyro sensor to detect the orientation of the user's head and display an image corresponding to the orientation in the display area 756. You can also do it.
- an acceleration sensor such as a gyro sensor to detect the orientation of the user's head and display an image corresponding to the orientation in the display area 756. You can also do it.
- the communication unit has a wireless communication device, and a video signal or the like can be supplied by the wireless communication device.
- a connector to which a cable to which a video signal and a power supply potential are supplied may be connected may be provided.
- the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B are provided with a battery, and can be charged by one or both of wireless and wired.
- the housing 721 may be provided with a touch sensor module.
- the touch sensor module has a function of detecting that the outer surface of the housing 721 is touched.
- the touch sensor module can detect a user's tap operation or slide operation and execute various processes. For example, it is possible to execute a process such as pausing or resuming a moving image by a tap operation, and it is possible to execute a process of fast forward or fast rewind by a slide operation. Further, by providing a touch sensor module in each of the two housings 721, the range of operations can be expanded.
- various touch sensors can be applied.
- various methods such as a capacitance method, a resistance film method, an infrared method, an electromagnetic induction method, a surface acoustic wave method, and an optical method can be adopted.
- a photoelectric conversion device (also referred to as a photoelectric conversion element) can be used as the light receiving device (also referred to as a light receiving element).
- the light receiving device also referred to as a light receiving element.
- an inorganic semiconductor and an organic semiconductor can be used as the active layer of the photoelectric conversion device.
- the electronic device 800A shown in FIG. 18A and the electronic device 800B shown in FIG. 18B have a pair of display units 820, a housing 821, a communication unit 822, a pair of mounting units 823, and a control unit 824, respectively. It has a pair of imaging units 825 and a pair of lenses 832.
- a display device can be applied to the display unit 820. Therefore, it is possible to make an electronic device capable of displaying extremely high definition. This makes the user feel highly immersive.
- the display unit 820 is provided at a position inside the housing 821 so that it can be visually recognized through the lens 832. Further, by displaying different images on the pair of display units 820, it is possible to perform three-dimensional display using parallax.
- the electronic device 800A and the electronic device 800B can be said to be electronic devices for VR, respectively.
- a user wearing the electronic device 800A or the electronic device 800B can visually recognize the image displayed on the display unit 820 through the lens 832.
- the electronic device 800A and the electronic device 800B each have a mechanism capable of adjusting the left and right positions of the lens 832 and the display unit 820 so as to be optimal positions according to the position of the user's eyes. It is preferable to do so. Further, it is preferable to have a mechanism for adjusting the focus by changing the distance between the lens 832 and the display unit 820.
- the mounting portion 823 allows the user to mount the electronic device 800A or the electronic device 800B on the head.
- it is illustrated as a shape like a vine (also referred to as a joint, a temple, etc.) of eyeglasses, but the shape is not limited to this.
- the mounting portion 823 may be in the shape of a helmet or a band, as long as it can be worn by the user.
- the imaging unit 825 has a function of acquiring external information.
- the data acquired by the imaging unit 825 can be output to the display unit 820.
- An image sensor can be used for the image pickup unit 825.
- a plurality of cameras may be provided so as to support a plurality of angles of view such as a telephoto lens and a wide angle lens.
- a range finder capable of measuring the distance of the object (hereinafter, also referred to as a detection unit) may be provided. That is, the image pickup unit 825 is one aspect of the detection unit.
- the detection unit for example, an image sensor or a distance image sensor such as a lidar (LIDAR: Light Detection and Ringing) can be used.
- LIDAR Light Detection and Ringing
- the electronic device 800A and the electronic device 800B may each have an input terminal.
- a cable for supplying a video signal from a video output device or the like and power for charging a battery provided in the electronic device can be connected to the input terminal.
- the electronic device of one aspect of the present invention may have a function of wirelessly communicating with the earphone 750.
- the earphone 750 has a communication unit (not shown) and has a wireless communication function.
- the earphone 750 can receive information (for example, voice data) from an electronic device by a wireless communication function.
- the electronic device 700A shown in FIG. 17A has a function of transmitting information to the earphone 750 by a wireless communication function.
- the electronic device 800A shown in FIG. 18A has a function of transmitting information to the earphone 750 by a wireless communication function.
- the electronic device may have an earphone unit.
- the electronic device 700B shown in FIG. 17B has an earphone unit 727.
- the earphone unit 727 and the control unit may be connected to each other by wire.
- a part of the wiring connecting the earphone unit 727 and the control unit may be arranged inside the housing 721 or the mounting unit 723.
- the electronic device 800B shown in FIG. 18B has an earphone portion 827.
- the earphone unit 827 and the control unit 824 may be connected to each other by wire.
- a part of the wiring connecting the earphone unit 827 and the control unit 824 may be arranged inside the housing 821 or the mounting unit 823.
- the earphone portion 827 and the mounting portion 823 may have magnets. As a result, the earphone portion 827 can be fixed to the mounting portion 823 by a magnetic force, which is preferable because it is easy to store.
- the electronic device may have an audio output terminal to which earphones, headphones, or the like can be connected. Further, the electronic device may have one or both of the voice input terminal and the voice input mechanism.
- the voice input mechanism for example, a sound collecting device such as a microphone can be used.
- the electronic device may be provided with a function as a so-called headset.
- both the glasses type (electronic device 700A, electronic device 700B, etc.) and goggles type (electronic device 800A, electronic device 800B, etc.) are both. Suitable.
- the electronic device of one aspect of the present invention can transmit information to the earphones by wire or wirelessly.
- a display device can be applied to the display unit 6502.
- FIG. 19B is a schematic cross-sectional view including an end portion of the housing 6501 on the microphone 6506 side.
- a translucent protective member 6510 is provided on the display surface side of the housing 6501, and the display panel 6511, the optical member 6512, the touch sensor panel 6513, and the printed circuit board are provided in the space surrounded by the housing 6501 and the protective member 6510.
- a substrate 6517, a battery 6518, and the like are arranged.
- a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, and a touch sensor panel 6513 are fixed to the protective member 6510 by an adhesive layer (not shown).
- a part of the display panel 6511 is folded back, and the FPC 6515 is connected to the folded back portion.
- IC6516 is mounted on FPC6515.
- the FPC6515 is connected to a terminal provided on the printed circuit board 6517.
- a flexible display according to one aspect of the present invention can be applied to the display panel 6511. Therefore, an extremely lightweight electronic device can be realized. Further, since the display panel 6511 is extremely thin, it is possible to mount a large-capacity battery 6518 while suppressing the thickness of the electronic device. Further, by folding back a part of the display panel 6511 and arranging the connection portion with the FPC 6515 on the back side of the pixel portion, an electronic device having a narrow frame can be realized.
- FIG. 20A shows an example of a television device.
- the display unit 7000 is incorporated in the housing 7101.
- the configuration in which the housing 7101 is supported by the stand 7103 is shown.
- a display device can be applied to the display unit 7000.
- the operation of the television device 7100 shown in FIG. 20A can be performed by the operation switch provided in the housing 7101 and the separate remote control operation machine 7111.
- the display unit 7000 may be provided with a touch sensor, and the television device 7100 may be operated by touching the display unit 7000 with a finger or the like.
- the remote controller 7111 may have a display unit that displays information output from the remote controller 7111.
- the channel and volume can be operated by the operation keys or the touch panel provided on the remote controller 7111, and the image displayed on the display unit 7000 can be operated.
- the television device 7100 is configured to include a receiver, a modem, and the like.
- the receiver can receive general television broadcasts.
- information communication is performed in one direction (from sender to receiver) or in two directions (between sender and receiver, or between recipients, etc.). It is also possible.
- FIG. 20B shows an example of a notebook personal computer.
- the notebook personal computer 7200 has a housing 7211, a keyboard 7212, a pointing device 7213, an external connection port 7214, and the like.
- a display unit 7000 is incorporated in the housing 7211.
- a display device can be applied to the display unit 7000.
- 20C and 20D show an example of digital signage.
- the digital signage 7300 shown in FIG. 20C includes a housing 7301, a display unit 7000, a speaker 7303, and the like. Further, it may have an LED lamp, an operation key (including a power switch or an operation switch), a connection terminal, various sensors, a microphone, and the like.
- FIG. 20D is a digital signage 7400 attached to a columnar pillar 7401.
- the digital signage 7400 has a display unit 7000 provided along the curved surface of the pillar 7401.
- the display device of one aspect of the present invention can be applied to the display unit 7000.
- the wider the display unit 7000 the more information can be provided at one time. Further, the wider the display unit 7000 is, the easier it is for people to see it, and for example, the advertising effect of the advertisement can be enhanced.
- the touch panel By applying the touch panel to the display unit 7000, not only the image or moving image can be displayed on the display unit 7000, but also the user can intuitively operate the display unit 7000, which is preferable. Further, when it is used for providing information such as route information or traffic information, usability can be improved by intuitive operation.
- the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can be linked with the information terminal 7311 such as a smartphone or the information terminal 7411 owned by the user by wireless communication.
- the information of the advertisement displayed on the display unit 7000 can be displayed on the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411. Further, by operating the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411, the display of the display unit 7000 can be switched.
- the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can be made to execute a game using the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 as an operation means (controller). As a result, an unspecified number of users can participate in and enjoy the game at the same time.
- the display device of one aspect of the present invention can be applied to the display unit 9001.
- the electronic device even if the electronic device is provided with a camera or the like, it has a function of shooting a still image or a moving image and saving it on a recording medium (external or built in the camera), a function of displaying the shot image on a display unit, and the like. good.
- FIGS. 21A to 21F Details of the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 21A to 21F will be described below.
- FIG. 21A is a perspective view showing a mobile information terminal 9101.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can be used as, for example, a smartphone.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 may be provided with a speaker 9003, a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007, and the like. Further, the mobile information terminal 9101 can display character and image information on a plurality of surfaces thereof.
- FIG. 21A shows an example in which three icons 9050 are displayed. Further, the information 9051 indicated by the broken line rectangle can be displayed on the other surface of the display unit 9001.
- Examples of information 9051 include e-mail, SNS (social networking service) messages, notification of incoming calls such as telephone calls, titles such as e-mail or SNS messages, sender name, date and time, time, remaining battery level, radio waves. There is strength and so on.
- an icon 9050 or the like may be displayed at the position where the information 9051 is displayed.
- FIG. 21B is a perspective view showing a mobile information terminal 9102.
- the mobile information terminal 9102 has a function of displaying information on three or more surfaces of the display unit 9001.
- information 9052, information 9053, and information 9054 are displayed on different surfaces.
- the user can check the information 9053 displayed at a position that can be observed from above the mobile information terminal 9102 with the mobile information terminal 9102 stored in the chest pocket of the clothes.
- the user can check the display without taking out the mobile information terminal 9102 from the pocket, and can determine, for example, whether or not to receive a call.
- FIG. 21C is a perspective view showing a wristwatch-type portable information terminal 9200.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can be used as, for example, a smart watch (registered trademark).
- the display unit 9001 is provided with a curved display surface, and can display along the curved display surface.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can also make a hands-free call by, for example, intercommunication with a headset capable of wireless communication.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can also perform data transmission and charge with other information terminals by means of the connection terminal 9006.
- the charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply.
- 21D to 21F are perspective views showing a foldable mobile information terminal 9201.
- 21D is a perspective view of the mobile information terminal 9201 in an unfolded state
- FIG. 21F is a folded state
- FIG. 21E is a perspective view of a state in which one of FIGS. 21D and 21F is in the process of changing to the other.
- the mobile information terminal 9201 is excellent in portability in the folded state, and is excellent in display listability due to a wide seamless display area in the unfolded state.
- the display unit 9001 included in the mobile information terminal 9201 is supported by three housings 9000 connected by a hinge 9055.
- the display unit 9001 can be bent with a radius of curvature of 0.1 mm or more and 150 mm or less.
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Abstract
Description
図2A乃至図2Fは、表示装置の一例を示す上面図である。
図3A乃至図3Cは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図4A乃至図4Cは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図5A乃至図5Cは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図6A乃至図6Cは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図7A乃至図7Cは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図8A乃至図8Cは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図9A及び図9Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図10は、表示装置の一例を示す斜視図である。
図11Aは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。図11B及び図11Cは、トランジスタの一例を示す断面図である。
図12A及び図12Bは、表示モジュールの一例を示す斜視図である。
図13は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図14は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図15は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図16A乃至図16Dは、発光デバイスの構成例を示す図である。
図17A及び図17Bは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図18A及び図18Bは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図19A及び図19Bは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図20A乃至図20Dは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図21A乃至図21Fは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置とその作製方法について図1乃至図9を用いて説明する。
図1A及び図1Bに、本発明の一態様の表示装置を示す。
次に、図2乃至図7を用いて表示装置の作製方法例を説明する。図2A乃至図2Eは、表示装置の作製方法を示す上面図である。図3A乃至図3Cには、図1Aにおける一点鎖線X1−X2間の断面図と、Y1−Y2間の断面図と、を並べて示す。図4乃至図7についても、図3と同様である。
図7Cに示す工程のあとに、図8A乃至図8Cに示す工程を行うことで、図9A及び図9Bに示す構成の表示装置を作製してもよい。以下では、図2F、図8、及び図9を用いて、表示装置の作製方法例を説明する。図2Fは、表示装置の作製方法を示す上面図である。図8A乃至図8Cには、図1Aにおける一点鎖線X1−X2間の断面図と、Y1−Y2間の断面図と、を並べて示す。図9Aは、図1Aにおける一点鎖線X1−X2間の断面図であり、図9Bは、図1Aにおける一点鎖線X3−X4間の断面図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について図10及び図11を用いて説明する。
図10に、表示装置100Aの斜視図を示し、図11Aに、表示装置100Aの断面図を示す。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について図12乃至図15を用いて説明する。
図12Aに、表示モジュール280の斜視図を示す。表示モジュール280は、表示装置100Bと、FPC290と、を有する。なお、表示モジュール280が有する表示装置は表示装置100Bに限られず、後述する表示装置100Cまたは表示装置100Dであってもよい。
図13に示す表示装置100Bは、基板301、発光デバイス130a、130b、130c、容量240、及び、トランジスタ310を有する。
図14に示す表示装置100Cは、トランジスタの構成が異なる点で、表示装置100Bと主に相違する。なお、表示装置100Bと同様の部分については説明を省略することがある。
図15に示す表示装置100Dは、基板301にチャネルが形成されるトランジスタ310と、チャネルが形成される半導体層に金属酸化物を含むトランジスタ320とが積層された構成を有する。なお、表示装置100B、100Cと同様の部分については説明を省略することがある。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置に用いることができる発光デバイスについて説明する。
本実施の形態では、上記の実施の形態で説明したOSトランジスタに用いることができる金属酸化物(酸化物半導体ともいう)について説明する。
酸化物半導体の結晶構造としては、アモルファス(completely amorphousを含む)、CAAC(c−axis−aligned crystalline)、nc(nanocrystalline)、CAC(cloud−aligned composite)、単結晶(single crystal)、及び多結晶(polycrystal)等が挙げられる。
なお、酸化物半導体は、構造に着目した場合、上記とは異なる分類となる場合がある。例えば、酸化物半導体は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体としては、例えば、上述のCAAC−OS、及びnc−OSがある。また、非単結晶酸化物半導体には、多結晶酸化物半導体、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like oxide semiconductor)、非晶質酸化物半導体、などが含まれる。
CAAC−OSは、複数の結晶領域を有し、当該複数の結晶領域はc軸が特定の方向に配向している酸化物半導体である。なお、特定の方向とは、CAAC−OS膜の厚さ方向、CAAC−OS膜の被形成面の法線方向、またはCAAC−OS膜の表面の法線方向である。また、結晶領域とは、原子配列に周期性を有する領域である。なお、原子配列を格子配列とみなすと、結晶領域とは、格子配列の揃った領域でもある。さらに、CAAC−OSは、a−b面方向において複数の結晶領域が連結する領域を有し、当該領域は歪みを有する場合がある。なお、歪みとは、複数の結晶領域が連結する領域において、格子配列の揃った領域と、別の格子配列の揃った領域と、の間で格子配列の向きが変化している箇所を指す。つまり、CAAC−OSは、c軸配向し、a−b面方向には明らかな配向をしていない酸化物半導体である。
nc−OSは、微小な領域(例えば、1nm以上10nm以下の領域、特に1nm以上3nm以下の領域)において原子配列に周期性を有する。別言すると、nc−OSは、微小な結晶を有する。なお、当該微小な結晶の大きさは、例えば、1nm以上10nm以下、特に1nm以上3nm以下であることから、当該微小な結晶をナノ結晶ともいう。また、nc−OSは、異なるナノ結晶間で結晶方位に規則性が見られない。そのため、膜全体で配向性が見られない。従って、nc−OSは、分析方法によっては、a−like OSまたは非晶質酸化物半導体と区別が付かない場合がある。例えば、nc−OS膜に対し、XRD装置を用いて構造解析を行うと、θ/2θスキャンを用いたOut−of−plane XRD測定では、結晶性を示すピークが検出されない。また、nc−OS膜に対し、ナノ結晶よりも大きいプローブ径(例えば50nm以上)の電子線を用いる電子線回折(制限視野電子線回折ともいう。)を行うと、ハローパターンのような回折パターンが観測される。一方、nc−OS膜に対し、ナノ結晶の大きさと近いかナノ結晶より小さいプローブ径(例えば1nm以上30nm以下)の電子線を用いる電子線回折(ナノビーム電子線回折ともいう。)を行うと、ダイレクトスポットを中心とするリング状の領域内に複数のスポットが観測される電子線回折パターンが取得される場合がある。
a−like OSは、nc−OSと非晶質酸化物半導体との間の構造を有する酸化物半導体である。a−like OSは、鬆または低密度領域を有する。即ち、a−like OSは、nc−OS及びCAAC−OSと比べて、結晶性が低い。また、a−like OSは、nc−OS及びCAAC−OSと比べて、膜中の水素濃度が高い。
次に、上述のCAC−OSの詳細について、説明を行う。なお、CAC−OSは材料構成に関する。
CAC−OSとは、例えば、金属酸化物を構成する元素が、0.5nm以上10nm以下、好ましくは、1nm以上3nm以下、またはその近傍のサイズで偏在した材料の一構成である。なお、以下では、金属酸化物において、一つまたは複数の金属元素が偏在し、該金属元素を有する領域が、0.5nm以上10nm以下、好ましくは、1nm以上3nm以下、またはその近傍のサイズで混合した状態をモザイク状、またはパッチ状ともいう。
続いて、上記酸化物半導体をトランジスタに用いる場合について説明する。
ここで、酸化物半導体中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器について、図17乃至図21を用いて説明する。
Claims (21)
- 第1の画素電極、及び、第2の画素電極を形成し、
前記第1の画素電極上、及び、前記第2の画素電極上に、第1の層を形成し、
前記第1の層上に、第1の犠牲層を形成し、
前記第1の層及び前記第1の犠牲層を加工して、前記第2の画素電極の少なくとも一部を露出させ、
前記第1の画素電極上、及び、前記第2の画素電極上に、第2の層を形成し、
前記第2の層上に、第2の犠牲層を形成し、
前記第2の層及び前記第2の犠牲層を加工して、前記第1の犠牲層の少なくとも一部を露出させ、
前記第1の犠牲層及び前記第2の犠牲層を除去し、
前記第1の画素電極上、及び、前記第2の画素電極上に、第3の層を形成し、
前記第3の層上に、対向電極を形成し、
前記第3の層及び前記対向電極を加工して、上面視における、前記第1の画素電極と前記第2の画素電極との間の領域に含まれる、前記第3の層及び前記対向電極それぞれの少なくとも一部を除去する、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項1において、
前記第3の層及び前記対向電極を加工した後に、
前記対向電極上に、保護層を形成する、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項2において、
前記保護層として、第1の成膜方法で第1の保護層を形成し、第2の成膜方法で第2の保護層を形成し、
前記第1の成膜方法は、前記第2の成膜方法よりも被覆性の高い膜が成膜される成膜方法である、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一において、
前記第1の層を形成する前に、前記第1の画素電極の端部、及び、前記第2の画素電極の端部を覆う、絶縁層を形成し、
前記第3の層、及び、前記対向電極を加工する工程において、前記絶縁層の少なくとも一部を露出させる、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一において、
前記第1の犠牲層上に、前記第1の画素電極と重なる第1のレジストマスクを形成し、
前記第1の層及び前記第1の犠牲層を加工する際に、前記第1のレジストマスクを用い、
前記第2の犠牲層上に、前記第2の画素電極と重なる第2のレジストマスクを形成し、
前記第2の層及び前記第2の犠牲層を加工する際に、前記第2のレジストマスクを用いる、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一において、
前記対向電極上に、上面視における、前記第1の画素電極と前記第2の画素電極との間の領域に開口を有する、第3のレジストマスクを形成し、
前記第3の層及び前記対向電極を加工する際に、前記第3のレジストマスクを用いる、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一において、
前記対向電極上に、前記第1の画素電極と重なる第1の部分と、前記第2の画素電極と重なる第2の部分と、を離隔して有する、第3のレジストマスクを形成し、
前記第3の層及び前記対向電極を加工する際に、前記第3のレジストマスクを用いる、表示装置の作製方法。 - 第1の方向に並んだ複数の第1の画素電極と、前記第1の方向に並んだ複数の第2の画素電極と、を、第2の方向に並べて形成し、
前記複数の第1の画素電極上、及び、前記複数の第2の画素電極上に、第1の層を形成し、
前記第1の層上に、第1の犠牲層を形成し、
前記第1の層及び前記第1の犠牲層を加工して、前記複数の第2の画素電極それぞれの少なくとも一部を露出させ、
前記複数の第1の画素電極上、及び、前記複数の第2の画素電極上に、第2の層を形成し、
前記第2の層上に、第2の犠牲層を形成し、
前記第2の層及び前記第2の犠牲層を加工して、前記第1の犠牲層の少なくとも一部を露出させ、
前記第1の犠牲層及び前記第2の犠牲層を除去し、
前記複数の第1の画素電極上、及び、前記複数の第2の画素電極上に、第3の層を形成し、
前記第3の層上に、対向電極を形成し、
前記第3の層及び前記対向電極を加工して、上面視における、前記第1の画素電極と前記第2の画素電極との間の領域に含まれる、前記第3の層及び前記対向電極それぞれの少なくとも一部を除去し、
前記対向電極上に、保護層を形成し、
前記保護層を加工して、上面視における、前記複数の第1の画素電極の間の領域、及び、前記複数の第2の画素電極の間の領域に含まれる、前記対向電極の少なくとも一部を露出させ、
前記対向電極上、及び、前記保護層上に、導電層を形成する、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項8において、
前記保護層として、第1の成膜方法で第1の保護層を形成し、第2の成膜方法で第2の保護層を形成し、
前記第1の成膜方法は、前記第2の成膜方法よりも被覆性の高い膜が成膜される成膜方法である、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項8または9において、
前記第1の層を形成する前に、前記複数の第1の画素電極の端部、及び、前記複数の第2の画素電極の端部を覆う、絶縁層を形成し、
前記第3の層、及び、前記対向電極を加工する工程において、前記絶縁層の少なくとも一部を露出させる、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項8乃至10のいずれか一において、
前記第1の犠牲層上に、前記第1の画素電極と重なる第1のレジストマスクを形成し、
前記第1の層及び前記第1の犠牲層を加工する際に、前記第1のレジストマスクを用い、
前記第2の犠牲層上に、前記第2の画素電極と重なる第2のレジストマスクを形成し、
前記第2の層及び前記第2の犠牲層を加工する際に、前記第2のレジストマスクを用いる、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項8乃至11のいずれか一において、
前記対向電極上に、上面視における、前記第1の画素電極と前記第2の画素電極との間の領域に開口を有する、第3のレジストマスクを形成し、
前記第3の層及び前記対向電極を加工する際に、前記第3のレジストマスクを用いる、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項8乃至11のいずれか一において、
前記対向電極上に、前記複数の第1の画素電極と重なる第1の部分と、前記複数の第2の画素電極と重なる第2の部分と、を離隔して有する、第3のレジストマスクを形成し、
前記第3の層及び前記対向電極を加工する際に、前記第3のレジストマスクを用いる、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項8乃至13のいずれか一において、
前記保護層上に、上面視における、前記複数の第1の画素電極の間の領域、及び、前記複数の第2の画素電極の間の領域に開口を有する、第4のレジストマスクを形成し、
前記保護層を加工する際に、前記第4のレジストマスクを用いる、表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項8乃至13のいずれか一において、
前記保護層上に、前記複数の第1の画素電極の少なくとも一つ、及び、前記複数の第2の画素電極の少なくとも一つと重なる第3の部分と、前記複数の第1の画素電極の他の少なくとも一つ、及び、前記複数の第2の画素電極の他の少なくとも一つと重なる第4の部分と、を離隔して有する第4のレジストマスクを形成し、
前記保護層を加工する際に、前記第4のレジストマスクを用いる、表示装置の作製方法。 - 複数の第1の発光デバイス及び複数の第2の発光デバイスを有し、
前記第1の発光デバイスは、第1の画素電極と、前記第1の画素電極上の第1の層と、前記第1の層上の第3の層と、前記第3の層上の対向電極と、を有し、
前記第2の発光デバイスは、第2の画素電極と、前記第2の画素電極上の第2の層と、前記第2の層上の前記第3の層と、前記第3の層上の前記対向電極と、を有し、
前記第1の発光デバイスと前記第2の発光デバイスとは、互いに異なる色の光を発する機能を有し、
上面視における、前記第1の画素電極と前記第2の画素電極との間の領域は、前記第3の層及び前記対向電極が設けられていない部分を有し、
前記第3の層及び前記対向電極は、前記複数の第1の発光デバイスにわたって設けられており、
前記第3の層及び前記対向電極は、前記複数の第2の発光デバイスにわたって設けられている、表示装置。 - 複数の第1の発光デバイス及び複数の第2の発光デバイスと、
前記複数の第1の発光デバイス上、及び、前記複数の第2の発光デバイス上の、保護層と、
前記保護層上の導電層と、を有し、
前記第1の発光デバイスは、第1の画素電極と、前記第1の画素電極上の第1の層と、前記第1の層上の第3の層と、前記第3の層上の対向電極と、を有し、
前記第2の発光デバイスは、第2の画素電極と、前記第2の画素電極上の第2の層と、前記第2の層上の前記第3の層と、前記第3の層上の前記対向電極と、を有し、
前記第1の発光デバイスと前記第2の発光デバイスとは、互いに異なる色の光を発する機能を有し、
上面視における、前記第1の画素電極と前記第2の画素電極との間の領域は、前記第3の層及び前記対向電極が設けられていない第1の部分を有し、
前記第3の層及び前記対向電極は、前記複数の第1の発光デバイスにわたって設けられており、
前記第3の層及び前記対向電極は、前記複数の第2の発光デバイスにわたって設けられており、
上面視における、2つの前記第1の画素電極の間の領域、及び、2つの前記第2の画素電極の間の領域は、それぞれ、前記保護層が設けられていない第2の部分を有し、
前記第2の部分において、前記対向電極と前記導電層とは、電気的に接続されている、表示装置。 - 請求項17において、
前記第1の発光デバイスと前記第2の発光デバイスの間に、前記保護層に囲まれた空隙を有する、表示装置。 - 請求項17において、
前記保護層は、前記対向電極上の第1の保護層と、前記第1の保護層上の第2の保護層と、を有し、
前記第1の発光デバイスと前記第2の発光デバイスの間に、前記第1の保護層と前記第2の保護層とに囲まれた空隙を有する、表示装置。 - 請求項16乃至19のいずれか一に記載の表示装置と、
コネクタ及び集積回路のうち少なくとも一方と、を有する、表示モジュール。 - 請求項20に記載の表示モジュールと、
筐体、バッテリ、カメラ、スピーカ、及びマイクのうち少なくとも一つと、を有する、電子機器。
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