WO2022149616A1 - ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養するための培地、ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法、腎臓オルガノイドの製造方法 - Google Patents
ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養するための培地、ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法、腎臓オルガノイドの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a medium for expanding and culturing nephron progenitor cells, a method for expanding and culturing nephron progenitor cells, and a method for producing renal organoids.
- kidney transplantation is one of the radical treatments for chronic kidney disease including end-stage chronic renal failure, but the supply has not caught up with the demand due to a serious shortage of donor organs.
- the kidney is derived from the intermediate mesoderm, which is a tissue in the early embryonic period. In vertebrates, the intermediate mesoderm forms three kidneys, the anterior kidney, the middle kidney, and the posterior kidney, and in mammals, the posterior kidney becomes the adult kidney.
- the posterior kidney is a tissue that will differentiate into the nephron of the adult kidney called the mesenchymal and the interstitial space, and a tissue that will differentiate into the lower renal pelvis, ureter, and part of the bladder from the collecting duct of the adult kidney called the ureteral bud. It occurs through the interaction of two tissues.
- NPCs nephron progenitor cells
- Non-Patent Document 3 includes BMP7, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2, heparin, Y-27632, CHIR99021, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), A83-01, LDN193189. It has been reported that mNPC was grown over a year using the containing medium (NPSR medium).
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- LIF leukemia inhibitory factor
- nephron progenitor cells In order to utilize the expanded cultured nephron progenitor cells for regenerative medicine, etc., it is necessary to maintain the properties of the expanded culture as nephron precursor cells such as differentiation potential. Therefore, it is desired to develop a culture method capable of efficiently expanding and culturing nephron progenitor cells while maintaining the properties of nephron progenitor cells.
- the present invention relates to a medium for expanding and culturing Neflon progenitor cells capable of expanding and culturing Neflon progenitor cells while maintaining differentiation potential, a method for expanding and culturing Neflon progenitor cells using the medium, and the expansion. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a kidney organoid from Neflon progenitor cells obtained by a culture method.
- a medium for expanding and culturing nephron progenitor cells which comprises a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, a ROCK inhibitor, and at least one fibroblast growth factor selected from the group consisting of FGF9 and FGF20.
- the JAK2 inhibitor is TG101348.
- the medium according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor is CHIR99021.
- a method for expanding and culturing nephron progenitor cells which comprises the step of culturing nephron progenitor cells in the medium according to any one of [1] to [10].
- Neflon precursor cell obtained by a method comprising the following steps (i) to (vi): (I) A step of culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing FGF2, BMP4, GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor and retinoic acid or a derivative thereof; (ii) The cells obtained in the above step (i) are FGF2, GSK.
- Step of culturing in a medium containing -3 ⁇ inhibitor and BMP7 (iii) The cells obtained in the above step (ii) are cultivated in a medium containing GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, BMP7 and TGF ⁇ inhibitor and not containing FGF2. Culturing step; (iv) The step of culturing the cells obtained in the above step (iii) in a medium containing FGF2, GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, actibin and ROCK inhibitor; (v) Obtaining in the above step (iv).
- [21] Enlarge the nephron progenitor cell according to [19] or [20], wherein at least one of the steps (i) to (vi) is performed using a culture vessel having a cell adhesion surface of 400 cm 2 or more. How to incubate. [22] The step of expanding and culturing the Neflon progenitor cells by the method of expanding and culturing the Neflon progenitor cells according to any one of [11] to [21] and the differentiation of the expanded Neflon progenitor cells into renal organoids. And how to make kidney organoids, including.
- the present invention relates to a medium for expanding and culturing Neflon progenitor cells capable of expanding and culturing Neflon progenitor cells while maintaining differentiation ability, a method for expanding and culturing Neflon progenitor cells using the medium, and the above-mentioned expanding culture method. It has the effect of being able to provide a method for producing renal organoids from the Neflon progenitor cells obtained in.
- hNPC The results of subculturing hNPC (Bulk) using hNPSR medium (see Table 1) or CFY medium (see Table 2) and confirming the expression of SIX2 and OSR1 in each subculture are shown.
- hNPC one induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A was used.
- results of an attempt to prepare a renal organoid from hNPC (Bulk) subcultured using hNPSR medium or CFY medium are shown.
- hNPC one induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A was used.
- the results of subculturing hNPC (Bulk) using hNPSR medium or CFY medium supplemented with DMSO, measuring the number of cells, and calculating the cumulative number of cells are shown.
- hNPC one induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A was used.
- hNPC one induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A was used.
- Kidney organoids were subcultured from hNPC (Bulk) using CFY medium supplemented with DMSO (CFY + DMSO) or CFY medium supplemented with 3 nM TG101348 (CFY + TG (3)). The result of the attempt to make the above is shown.
- HNPC HNPC (c-MET (+)) was cultured in CFY medium supplemented with DMSO (CFY + DMSO) or CFY medium supplemented with 3 nM TG101348 (CFY + TG (3)), and in each passage.
- the result of measuring the cell number and calculating the cumulative cell number is shown.
- hNPC one induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A was used.
- Subculture of hNPC (c-MET (+)) was performed using a medium (CFY + DMSO) in which DMSO was added to the CFY medium or a medium (CFY + TG (3)) in which 3 nM TG101348 was added to the CFY medium, and each subculture was performed.
- the results of confirming the expression of SIX2 and OSR1 are shown in the above.
- the hNPC one induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A was used.
- Subculture of hNPC was performed using a medium in which DMSO was added to the CFY medium (CFY + DMSO) or a medium in which 3 nM TG101348 was added to the CFY medium (CFY + TG (3)).
- a medium in which DMSO was added to the CFY medium CFY + DMSO
- urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (S-Cre) are shown.
- "normal” indicates a normal mouse
- "raw food” indicates an AKI mouse to which physiological saline was administered under the renal capsule
- “NPC transplantation” indicates an AKI mouse transplanted with hNPC (Bulk).
- hNPC one induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A was used.
- immunodeficient mice that developed acute kidney injury (AKI) by administration of cisplatin a cell mass of hNPC (Bulk) that was bipassed in CFY medium was transplanted under the renal capsule, and urea nitrogen (BUN) in the blood was transplanted.
- AKI acute kidney injury
- the induction from hiPSC to hNPC by the differentiation induction method B the result of confirming the differentiation induction efficiency of SIX2-positive cells when the FGF2 concentration is changed in step 3 (preparation of the late primitive streak of the mesoderm lineage) is shown.
- the differentiation induction efficiency of SIX2-positive cells was confirmed in step 5 (preparation of late posterior intermediate mesoderm) when the FGF9 concentration was changed and when heparin was added. The results are shown.
- the additive of the basal medium was changed from B27 (B27 Supplement (50 ⁇ ).
- Minus vitamin A, Invitrogen to AS401 (StemFit (registered trademark) for Difference, Ajinomoto Healthy Supply Co., Ltd.) ) Is shown, and the result of confirming the differentiation-inducing efficiency of SIX2-positive cells is shown.
- Basic medium hereinafter, when the medium is described as having 10% AS401 added, it refers to a medium containing 10% by volume of AS401 with respect to the entire volume of the medium. The same applies to the medium to which 20% AS401 is added.
- differentiation induction method C (Small)
- the method for inducing differentiation in Large scale is also referred to as “differentiation induction method C (Large)”.
- DMEM / F12 Glutamax (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) supplemented with 10% AS401 was used as the basal medium.
- the fluorescence image which confirmed the SIX2 expression of hNPC derived from the HLA homostock hiPSC (Ff14s04) strain by the differentiation induction method C (Small) by immunostaining is shown.
- stage6 of hNPC induced by differentiation induction method C (Small) or differentiation induction method C (Large) in day2 and expression of SIX2, and morphological photographs of day7 after expansion culture are shown.
- the cell yield of hNPC induced to differentiate by the differentiation induction method C (Large) is shown.
- the fluorescence image which confirmed the SIX2 expression of the differentiation-induced hNPC by the differentiation-inducing method C (Large) by immunostaining is shown.
- a morphological photograph of hNPC being expanded and cultured in a different medium of an additive (B27 or AS401) is shown.
- the scale bar is 300 ⁇ m.
- AS 10% Modified CFY medium to which 10% AS401 was added instead of B27 (hereinafter, also referred to as "CFY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401)”); AS 20%: 20% AS401 was added instead of B27.
- Modified CFY medium hereinafter, also referred to as "CFY medium (-B27, + 20% AS401)”
- B27 CPHY medium. The growth rate of hNPC expanded and cultured in different media of the additive (B27 or AS401) is shown.
- AS10% CPHY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401); AS20%: CPHY medium (-B27, + 20% AS401); B27: CHY medium.
- B27 Transplanted hNPC cell mass expanded and cultured in CFY medium
- AS10 Transplanted hNPC cell mass expanded and cultured in CFY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401)
- AS20 CFY medium (-B27, + 20% AS401)
- Transplanted hNPC cell mass expanded and cultured in Ctl No transplantation.
- B27 Transplanted hNPC cell mass expanded and cultured in CFY medium
- AS10 Transplanted hNPC cell mass expanded and cultured in CFY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401)
- AS20 CFY medium (-B27, + 20% AS401)
- Transplanted hNPC cell mass expanded and cultured in Ctl No transplantation.
- B27 CPHY medium
- AS10 CPHY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401).
- the expression of the NPC marker of hNPC expanded and cultured using the FGF9 of the CFY medium changed to FGF2 (hereinafter, also referred to as "CFY medium (-FGF9, + FGF2)") or the CPHY medium is shown.
- FGF9 FGF9, + FGF2
- hNPC one induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A (differentiation induction method described in International Publication No. 2018/216743) was used.
- hNPC The results of observing the renal organoids induced to differentiate from hNPC with an optical microscope are shown.
- hNPC was expanded and cultured using CFY medium (-FGF9, + FGF2) or CFY medium.
- CFY medium -FGF9, + FGF2
- CFY medium As the hNPC, one induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A was used.
- the results of FACS analysis of cells for each passage are shown when the passage method of exchanging the medium with CF medium (medium obtained by removing Y-27632 from CFY medium) 2 days after passage was repeated for 3 passages.
- P1 1 passaged cells
- P2 2 passaged cells
- P3 3 passaged cells.
- the hNPC one induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A was used.
- NPC markers (OSR1 (+) SIX2 (+), OSR1 (OSR1 (+) SIX2 (+), OSR1 +) Indicates the number of SIX2 (-), c-MET (+)) positive cells and the total number of cells.
- hNPC one induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A was used.
- the expression of the NPC marker is shown in the case of two passages by the passage method of exchanging the medium with CF medium (CFY ⁇ CF) or CFY medium (CFY ⁇ CFY) two days after the passage.
- CF medium CFY ⁇ CF
- CFY ⁇ CFY CFY medium
- the results of observing the renal organoids induced to differentiate from hNPC with an optical microscope are shown.
- the hNPC one passaged by a passage method in which the medium was exchanged with CF medium (CFY ⁇ CF) or CFY medium (CFY ⁇ CFY) 2 days after the passage was used.
- the hNPC one induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A was used.
- the first aspect of the present invention is a medium for expanding and culturing nephron progenitor cells.
- the medium of this embodiment contains a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, a ROCK inhibitor, and at least a fibroblast growth factor selected from the group consisting of FGF9 and FGF20.
- the medium of this embodiment further comprises a JAK inhibitor.
- NPCs are cells that can differentiate into organ structures such as glomerular and tubular structures of the kidney in vitro. The ability of nephron progenitor cells to differentiate into organ structures is described, for example, in Osafune K, et al. (2006), it can be evaluated by the method described in Development 133: 151-61. SIX2 is known as a characteristic factor for maintaining the state as a nephron progenitor cell (Cell Stem Cell 3: 169-181 (2008)), and as an example of a nephron progenitor cell cultured by the method of this embodiment. , SIX2-positive nephron progenitor cells.
- pluripotent stem cells having a reporter gene eg, tdTomato
- a reporter gene eg, tdTomato
- the SIX2 promoter eg, OSR1-GFP / SIX2-tdTomato reporter human iPS cells described in Examples below
- SIX2-positive Neflon precursor cells can be isolated by a method known in the art (for example, a method using a cell sorter) using the expression of SIX2-positive as an index. It is also possible to confirm the expression of SIX2 in nephron progenitor cells by a method for analyzing gene expression such as quantitative RT-PCR (NatCommun 4,1367, (2013)).
- SIX2-positive nephron progenitor cells include cells expressing the SIX2 protein and cells expressing the protein encoded by the gene under the control of the SIX2 promoter.
- the human SIX2 gene (NCBI Gene ID: 10736) is a gene having a nucleotide sequence registered at NCBI accession number: NM_016932.5
- the mouse SIX2 gene (NCBI Gene ID: 20472) is the NCBI accession number. : Examples include, but are not limited to, genes having a nucleotide sequence registered in NM_011380.2.
- the nephron progenitor cells cultured in the medium of this embodiment are preferably OSR1 positive and HOX11, WT1, SIX2 and SALL1 positive.
- the organism from which the nephron progenitor cells are derived is not particularly limited, and may be any animal having a kidney.
- the nephron progenitor cells are preferably of mammalian origin, more preferably of human origin. That is, human nephron progenitor cells are preferred.
- Neflon progenitor cells may be those isolated from the posterior renal mesenchyme of a living body or those induced to differentiate from pluripotent stem cells (ES cells, iPS cells, etc.).
- the nephron progenitor cells to be expanded and cultured in the medium of this embodiment are preferably derived from pluripotent stem cells, and more preferably derived from iPS cells.
- Induction of differentiation of nephron progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells can be performed by a known method.
- Examples of the method for inducing nephron progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells include the methods described in International Publication No. 2014/200115, International Publication No. 2017/0436666, International Publication No. 2018/216743 and the like.
- Neflon progenitor cells Isolation of Neflon progenitor cells from a cell population collected from the posterior mesenchyme or a cell population induced to differentiate from pluripotent stem cells is described, for example, in OSR1, HOX11, WT1, SIX2, which are markers of the Neflon progenitor cells described above.
- OSR1, HOX11, WT1, SIX2 markers of the Neflon progenitor cells described above.
- the expression of SALL1 can be used as an index.
- expression of c-MET or AGTR2 can be used as an index (International Publication No. 2020/022261).
- the nephron progenitor cells expanded and cultured in the medium of this embodiment may be provided as a cell population containing other cell types, or may be provided as a cell population of purified nephron progenitor cells.
- the ratio of the number of nephron progenitor cells is 30%, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more with respect to the total number of cells (100%). , 70% or more, 80% or more, or 90% or more is preferable.
- “Expanded culture” means a culture in which nephron progenitor cells are proliferated while maintaining the properties of the nephron progenitor cells. That is, the expanded-cultured nephron progenitor cells can be differentiated into organ structures such as glomerular-like structure and tubular structure of the kidney in vitro. In the medium of this embodiment, the nephron progenitor cells can be expanded and cultured while maintaining the properties of the nephron progenitor cells even after repeated passages.
- the medium of this embodiment may be a medium obtained by adding a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, a ROCK inhibitor, and at least a fibroblast growth factor selected from the group consisting of FGF9 and FGF20 to the basal medium used for animal culture. ..
- a JAK inhibitor was added to the basal medium used for animal culture in addition to a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, a ROCK inhibitor, and at least a fibroblast growth factor selected from the group consisting of FGF9 and FGF20. There may be.
- the basal medium is not particularly limited, and those usually used for animal culture can be used without particular limitation.
- Examples of the basal medium include IMDM medium, Medium 199 medium, Eagle's Medium Essential Medium (EMEM) medium, ⁇ MEM medium, Dulvecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) medium, Ham's F12 (F12), and Ham's F12 (F12).
- Examples include, but are not limited to, a medium, Fisher's medium, and a mixed medium thereof.
- the medium may contain serum (eg, fetal bovine serum (FBS)) or may be serum-free.
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- albumin transferase, KnockOut Serum Replacement (KSR) (Invitrogen), N2 supplement (Invitrogen), B27 supplement (Invitrogen), fatty acids, insulin, collagen precursors, for example.
- KSR KnockOut Serum Replacement
- N2 supplement Invitrogen
- B27 supplement Invitrogen
- fatty acids insulin, collagen precursors
- Trace elements 2-mercaptoethanol, 3'-thiolglycerol and the like may contain one or more serum substitutes.
- the basal medium may be, for example, a mixed medium of DMEM / F12 medium (for example, a mixed medium in which DMEM: F12 is mixed at a ratio of 1: 1) to which amino acids, non-essential amino acids, serum substitutes and the like are added. ..
- the basal medium preferably contains 10% by volume of AS401 with respect to the total volume of the basal medium.
- a medium containing 10% by volume AS401 with respect to the entire volume of the medium may be described as a medium containing 10% AS401.
- 10% AS401 may be added to a mixed medium of DMEM / F12 medium.
- the basal medium for example, 10% AS401 and GlutaMAX-I (Invitrogen) may be added to a mixed medium of DMEM / F12 medium.
- DMEM / F12 Glutamax (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) may be used as the medium obtained by adding GlutaMAX to the mixed medium of DMEM / F12 medium.
- the basal medium may be DMEM / F12 Glutamax supplemented with 10% AS401.
- the medium of this embodiment contains a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, a ROCK inhibitor, and at least one fibroblast growth factor selected from the group consisting of FGF9 and FGF20.
- the medium of this embodiment contains a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor.
- the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor is a substance that inhibits the function of GSK (Glycogen Synthase Kinase) 3 ⁇ , for example, the kinase activity (for example, the ability to phosphorylate ⁇ -catenin).
- GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor include BIO (also known as GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor IX; 6-bromoinsylbin 3'-oxym), which is an indylbin derivative, and SB216763 (3- (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-), which is a maleimide derivative.
- GSK3 ⁇ Peptide Inhibitor Myr-N-GKEAPAPPQSpP-NH2
- CHIR99021 (6- [2- [2- [4- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -5- (4-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) pyrimidin) -2-Ilamino] ethylamino] pyridine-3-carbonitrile), and derivatives thereof and the like.
- These compounds can be obtained from, for example, Stemgent, Calbiochem, Biomol, etc., or may be prepared by themselves.
- the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor may be an antisense nucleic acid against GSK-3 ⁇ , an RNA interference-inducing nucleic acid (eg, siRNA), a dominant negative mutant, and an expression vector thereof.
- GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- Preferred GSK3 ⁇ inhibitors include CHIR99021.
- the concentration of the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor in the medium can be appropriately selected depending on the type of the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor.
- the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor is preferably used, for example, at a concentration near the IC50.
- the concentration of GSK3 ⁇ in the medium is, for example, 0.01 to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.5 to 3 ⁇ M, and particularly. It is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ M.
- the medium of this embodiment contains a ROCK inhibitor.
- a ROCK inhibitor is a substance that inhibits the function of Rho-kinase (ROCK).
- Examples of the ROCK inhibitor include Y-27632 (see, eg, Ishizaki et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 57, 976-983 (2000); Narumiya et al., Methods Enzymol. 325, 273-284 (2000)).
- Fasudil / HA1077 eg, Uenta et al., Nature 389: 990-994 (1997)
- H-1152 eg, Sasaki et al., Pharmacol. Ther.
- Wf-536 see, eg, Nakajima et al., Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 52 (4): 319-324 (2003)
- their derivatives as well as antisense nucleic acids for ROCK, RNA interference-inducing nucleic acids (eg, siRNA).
- RNA interference-inducing nucleic acids eg, siRNA
- Dominant negative variants and their expression vectors.
- other known low molecular weight compounds can also be used as the ROCK inhibitor (for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0209261, 2005/0192304, 2004/0014755, 2004/0002508). , 2004/0002507, 2003/0125344, 2003/0087919, and International Publication No. 2003/062227, 2003/059913, 2003/0622225, 2002/076976. No. 2004/039796).
- the ROCK inhibitor may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Preferred ROCK inhibitors include Y-27632.
- the concentration of the ROCK inhibitor in the medium can be appropriately selected depending on the type of the ROCK inhibitor.
- the ROCK inhibitor is preferably used, for example, at a concentration near the IC50.
- the concentration of the ROCK inhibitor in the medium is, for example, 0.1 to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 1 to 75 ⁇ M, and more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ M.
- the medium of this embodiment contains at least one fibroblast growth factor selected from the group consisting of FGF9 and FGF20.
- the medium of this embodiment may contain Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 9.
- FGF Fibroblast Growth Factor
- the organism from which FGF9 is derived is not particularly limited.
- FGF9 for example, human FGF9 can be used.
- human FGF9 NCBI Gene ID: 22544
- FGF9 may be a fragment or a functional variant thereof as long as it has an activity of promoting the proliferation of nephron progenitor cells.
- Commercially available FGF9 may be used, or a protein purified from cells or a protein produced by genetic recombination may be used.
- FGF20 belongs to the same subfamily as FGF9 and shows an action overlapping with the action of FGF9 in the developing kidney of mice (Barak, H. et al. FGF9 and FGF20 Maintain the Stemness of Nephron Progenitors in Machine. From Dev. Cell 22, 1191-1207 (2012).), It is considered that FGF9 can be replaced.
- the concentration of FGF9 in the medium is, for example, 1 to 800 ng / ml, preferably 5 to 500 ng / ml, more preferably 10 to 400 ng / ml, and further preferably 100 to 300 ng / ml.
- the medium of this embodiment may contain FGF20 in place of or with FGF9.
- FGF20 and FGF9 are known to act similarly during renal development and are interchangeable.
- the organism from which FGF20 is derived is not particularly limited.
- a human FGF20 can be used.
- Examples of the human FGF20 include a protein having an amino acid sequence of NCBI accession number: NP_062825.1.
- FGF20 may be a fragment or a functional variant thereof as long as it has an activity of promoting the proliferation of nephron progenitor cells.
- a commercially available product may be used, or a protein purified from cells or a protein produced by genetic recombination may be used.
- the concentration of FGF20 in the medium is, for example, 1 to 800 ng / ml, preferably 5 to 500 ng / ml, more preferably 10 to 400 ng / ml, and further preferably 100 to 300 ng / ml.
- the medium of this embodiment may contain any one of FGF9 and FGF20, or may contain both.
- the total concentration of FGF9 and FGF20 may be, for example, 1 to 800 ng / ml, preferably 5 to 500 ng / ml, more preferably 10 to 10 to It is 400 ng / ml, more preferably 100 to 300 ng / ml.
- the medium of this embodiment may contain other components in addition to the above components.
- Other components include, for example, JAK inhibitors.
- the medium of this embodiment may contain a JAK inhibitor.
- a JAK inhibitor is a substance that inhibits the activity of one or more enzymes of the Janus kinase family (eg, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2). JAK inhibitors inhibit signal transduction of the JAK-STAT system by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of the Janus kinase family.
- the medium contains a JAK inhibitor in addition to at least a fibroblast growth factor selected from the group consisting of a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, a ROCK inhibitor, and a FGF9 inhibitor and a FGF20, the proliferation of nephron progenitor cells can be promoted. More promoted.
- the JAK inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it can inhibit the activity of enzymes of the Janus kinase family.
- the JAK inhibitor is preferably one that inhibits the enzyme activity of at least one selected from the group consisting of JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3, and more preferably one that inhibits the enzyme activity of JAK2 (JAK2 inhibitor).
- the JAK3 inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it can inhibit the activity of JAK3.
- Examples of the JAK3 inhibitor include TCS21311 (CAS number 1260181-14-3), WHI-P154 (CAS 211555-04-3), PF-06651600 (CAS number 1792180-81-4), FM-381 (CAS number). 2226521-65-7), CP690550 (CAS No.
- JAK3 INHIBITOR IV (CAS number 58753-54-1), ZM449829 (CAS number 4452-06-6), AZD1480 (CAS number 935666-88-9) ), Selective JAK3 inhibitor 1 (CAS No. 14432235-95-7), and derivatives thereof, but are not limited thereto.
- TCS21311 is preferable as the JAK3 inhibitor.
- the JAK2 inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it can inhibit the activity of JAK2.
- Examples of the JAK2 inhibitor include NVP-BSK805 2HCl (CAS No. 1949219-79-0), TG101209 (CAS No. 936091-14-4), TG101348 (CAS No. 936091-26-8), 1, 2, 3, and so on. 4,5,6-hexabromocyclohexane (CAS No. 1837-91-8), CEP-337779 (CAS No. 1257704-57-6), NSC33994 (CAS No. 82058-16-0), and derivatives thereof.
- TG101348 is preferable as the JAK2 inhibitor.
- the JAK inhibitor may be a JAK2 / 3 inhibitor.
- a JAK2 / 3 inhibitor is an inhibitor that inhibits JAK2 and JAK3.
- Examples of the JAK2 / 3 inhibitor include AG490 (CAS No. 133550-30-8), AT9283 (CAS No. 896466-04-9), LY3009104 (CAS No. 1187594-09-7), and derivatives thereof. However, but not limited to these.
- the JAK inhibitor may be a JAK1 / 2 inhibitor.
- JAK1 / 2 inhibitors are inhibitors that inhibit JAK1 and JAK2.
- Examples of JAK1 / 2 inhibitors include CYT387 (CAS No. 1056634-68-4), S-Ruxolitinib (INCB018424) (CAS No. 941685-37-6), and LY2784544 (CAS No. 1229236-86-5), and Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, these derivatives.
- JAK inhibitors are not limited to low molecular weight compounds as described above, but are antisense nucleic acids for the Janus kinase family (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2), RNA interference-inducing nucleic acids (eg, siRNA), dominant negative variants, etc. And their expression vectors and the like.
- the JAK inhibitor may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a JAK2 inhibitor is preferable, and TG101348 is more preferable.
- the concentration of the JAK inhibitor in the medium of this embodiment can be appropriately selected according to the type of the JAK inhibitor.
- the JAK inhibitor is preferably used, for example, at a concentration near the IC50.
- the JAK inhibitor can be used, for example, at a concentration of 0.01 nM or more, 0.05 nM or more, 0.1 nM or more, 0.5 nM or more, or 1 nM or more.
- Examples of the upper limit of the concentration of the JAK inhibitor include 100 nM or less, 50 nM or less, 30 nM or less, 20 nM or less, 10 nM or less, 5 nM or less, and the like.
- the concentration of TG101348 in the medium may be, for example, 0.5 to 50 nM, 1 to 30 nM, 1 to 20 nM, 1 to 10 nM, or 1 to 5 nM.
- the medium of this embodiment can contain components other than the above as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the medium of this embodiment preferably does not contain signal transduction inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, cytokines, growth factors and the like other than the above.
- the medium of this embodiment comprises a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, a ROCK inhibitor, and at least a fibroblast growth factor selected from the group consisting of FGF9 and FGF20.
- the medium comprises a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, a ROCK inhibitor, a FGF9, and a JAK inhibitor.
- the medium comprises a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, a ROCK inhibitor, a FGF9, and a JAK2 inhibitor.
- the medium of this embodiment comprises CHIR99021, Y-27632, and FGF9.
- the medium of this embodiment comprises CHIR99021, Y-27632, FGF9, and TG101348. The FGF9 may be replaced with FGF20.
- the medium of this embodiment contains a combination of a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, a ROCK inhibitor, and at least a fibroblast growth factor selected from the group consisting of FGF9 and FGF20, thereby maintaining the differentiation potential of nephron progenitor cells. , Can proliferate nephron progenitor cells well.
- the medium of this embodiment contains a JAK inhibitor in addition to the above-mentioned components, so that the proliferation of nephron progenitor cells becomes better.
- the medium of this embodiment is a medium for subculture of nephron progenitor cells. It can also be said that the medium of this embodiment is a maintenance medium for nephron progenitor cells.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a method for expanding and culturing Neflon progenitor cells, which comprises a step of culturing Neflon progenitor cells in the medium of the first aspect.
- nephron progenitor cells to be cultured by the method of this embodiment include the same as those mentioned in the section (Neflon progenitor cells: NPC) of the above ⁇ medium for expanding and culturing nephron progenitor cells>.
- the nephron progenitor cells are preferably human nephron progenitor cells.
- the nephron progenitor cells are preferably derived from pluripotent stem cells, and more preferably derived from iPS cells.
- the nephron progenitor cell is a nephron progenitor cell derived from a human iPS cell.
- Nephron progenitor cells can be cultured under the culture conditions normally used for culturing animal cells.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited as long as the nephron progenitor cells can proliferate, but is usually 25 to 40 ° C, preferably 30 to 40 ° C. Specific examples of the culture temperature include about 37 ° C.
- Nephron progenitor cells can usually be cultured in an atmosphere of CO 2 -containing air.
- the CO 2 concentration can usually be about 0.3-5%, preferably about 2-5%. Specific examples of the CO 2 concentration include about 5%.
- the culture may be adhesive culture or suspension culture, but suspension culture is preferable.
- the culture period is not particularly limited and can be any period.
- by using the medium of the first aspect it is possible to culture for a long period of time while maintaining the properties of the nephron progenitor cells.
- the culture of the nephron progenitor cells can be continued while maintaining the properties of the nephron progenitor cells.
- Subculture can be performed by collecting a cell mass of nephron progenitor cells from the culture medium and seeding the cells in a new medium.
- a cell dispersion containing an enzyme such as protease, collagenase, and DNase may be used to disperse the cell mass and then seeded in a new medium.
- the interval between passages is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 2 to 10 days, or about 3 to 7 days.
- the method of this embodiment comprises subculturing nephron progenitor cells.
- the method for expanding and culturing nephron progenitor cells may include the following steps (A) and (B).
- the nephron progenitor cells are cultured in the medium of the first aspect for 30 to 60 hours.
- the culture time in the medium of the first aspect may be about 2 days. Examples of the culture time in the medium of the first aspect include 35 to 55 hours, 40 to 50 hours, and the like.
- the culture time is the time from the time when the nephron progenitor cells are seeded in the medium of the first aspect.
- the cells obtained in step (A) contain a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor and at least one fibroblast growth factor selected from the group consisting of FGF9 and FGF20, and a ROCK inhibitor.
- a medium that does not contain hereinafter referred to as "ROCK inhibitor-free medium”.
- the medium used in the step (B) include a medium obtained by removing the ROCK inhibitor from the medium of the first aspect.
- the culture in the step (B) can be started by exchanging the medium in the culture in the step (A) with a medium containing no ROCK inhibitor.
- the medium may be exchanged at intervals of about once every two days.
- the medium used for the medium exchange can be a medium containing no ROCK inhibitor.
- the medium exchange in the step (B) can be performed 1 to 5 times, 2 to 4 times, 2 times, or 3 times. Since the medium used in the step (B) does not contain a ROCK inhibitor, it can be carried out at a lower cost as compared with the case of using a medium containing a ROCK inhibitor.
- the method of this embodiment may further include the following step (C) after the step (B).
- step (C) A step of subculturing the cells obtained in step (B) into the medium of the first aspect.
- the method of this embodiment may further include the following steps (D) and (E) after the step (C).
- (D) The step of culturing the cells passaged in the step (C) in the medium of the first aspect for 30 to 60 hours; and (E) Inhibiting the cells obtained in the step (D) with GSK-3 ⁇ .
- the medium subcultured in the step (C) can be cultured as it is for 30 to 60 hours.
- the culture time in the step (D) may be about 2 days. Examples of the culture time in the step (D) include 35 to 55 hours, 40 to 50 hours, and the like.
- the culture time is the time from the time when the nephron progenitor cells are subcultured.
- the cells obtained in the step (D) are cultured in a medium containing no ROCK inhibitor.
- the same ROCK inhibitor-free medium as in the step (B) can be used.
- the culture in the step (E) can be carried out in the same manner as in the step (B).
- the nephron progenitor cells used in the method of this embodiment may be those derived from pluripotent stem cells (for example, iPS cells).
- the nephron progenitor cell may be obtained by, for example, the differentiation induction method described in International Publication No. 2018/216743.
- the nephron progenitor cells used in the method of this embodiment may be obtained by, for example, a method including the following steps (i) to (vi).
- Iii) A step of culturing the cells obtained in the above step (ii) in a medium containing a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, BMP7 and TGF ⁇ inhibitor, and not containing FGF2;
- Late posterior epiblasts are characterized as cells that are positive for at least one or more markers of CDX1, OCT4, NANOG, E-CADHERIN (CDH1), preferably all of these markers. .. Late posterior epiblasts are further preferably negative for EOMES and BRACHYURY.
- pluripotent stem cells are separated by any method known in the art and preferably cultured by adhesive culture.
- Methods for separating pluripotent stem cells include, for example, mechanical separation or separation solutions having protease activity and collagenase activity (eg, Accutase (TM) and Accumax (TM) (Innovative Cell Technologies, Inc)).
- separation using a separation solution having only collagenase activity can be mentioned.
- a method of dissociating using a separation solution having protease activity and collagenase activity and mechanically finely dispersing the cells into a single cell is preferable.
- the human pluripotent stem cells used in step (i) it is preferable to use colonies cultured to 70% to 80% confluence with respect to the dish used.
- the medium used in step (i) can be prepared by adding FGF2, BMP4, GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor and retinoic acid or a derivative thereof to the basal medium used for culturing animal cells.
- the medium used in step (i) may contain a ROCK inhibitor.
- a ROCK inhibitor can be added to the basal medium in addition to the above components to prepare the medium used in step (i).
- the basal medium the basal medium as described above can be used, and may contain serum or may be serum-free. If necessary, serum substitutes, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, growth factors, low molecular weight compounds, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts and the like may be contained.
- ROCK inhibitors include Y-27632.
- concentration of the ROCK inhibitor used in the step (i) can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art depending on the ROCK inhibitor used.
- concentration of the ROCK inhibitor is, for example, 0.1 to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 1 to 75 ⁇ M, and more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ M.
- GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor As the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, the same ones as described above can be used.
- Preferred GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitors include CHIR99021.
- the concentration of the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor used in step (i) can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art depending on the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor used.
- the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor is CHIR99021
- the concentration of the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor is, for example, 0.01 to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M, and more preferably 0.5 to 3 ⁇ M. It is particularly preferably 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ M.
- FGF2 basic FGF: bFGF
- human FGF2 is preferable.
- human FGF2 include a protein having an amino acid sequence of NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) accession number: ABO43041.1. As long as FGF2 has differentiation-inducing activity, fragments and functional variants thereof are included.
- FGF2 may be commercially available, or a protein purified from cells or a protein produced by genetic recombination may be used. You may.
- concentration of FGF2 used in this step include, for example, 1 to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 10 to 500 ng / ml, and more preferably 50 to 250 ng / ml.
- BMP4 is preferably human BMP4.
- Examples of the human BMP4 include a protein having an amino acid sequence of NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) accession number: AAH20546.1. As long as BMP4 has differentiation-inducing activity, fragments and functional variants thereof are included.
- BMP4 may be commercially available, or a protein purified from cells or a protein produced by genetic recombination may be used. You may.
- concentration of BMP4 used in this step include 0.1 to 100 ng / ml, preferably 0.5 to 50 ng / ml, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 ng / ml.
- the retinoin acid may be retinoin acid itself or a retinoic acid derivative that retains the differentiation-inducing function of natural retinoin acid.
- a retinoic acid derivative for example, 3-dehydroretinoic acid, 4-[[(5,6,7,8-tellahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl) carbononyl] amino] -Benzoic acid ( AM580) (Tamura K, et al., Cell Differ. Dev.
- retinol palmitate examples thereof include retinol palmitate, retinol, retinal, 3-dehydroretinal, 3-dehydroretinal and the like.
- concentration of retinoic acid or a derivative thereof used in the step (i) is, for example, 1 to 100 nM, preferably 5 to 50 nM, and more preferably 5 to 25 nM.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is about 30 to 40 ° C, preferably about 37 ° C. Culturing is carried out in an atmosphere of CO 2 -containing air.
- the CO 2 concentration is about 2-5%, preferably about 5%.
- the culture time in step (i) may be a period sufficient for the late posterior epiblast to be induced to differentiate, but is, for example, 1 to 2 days of culture, preferably 1 day.
- the mesoderm lineage primitive streak is derived from the late posterior epiblast.
- the mesoderm lineage primitive streak is characterized as cells positive for CDX1 and BRACHYURY.
- the mesoderm lineage primitive streak is further preferably negative for OCT4, NANOG and CDH1.
- the cell population obtained in the above-mentioned step (i) may be isolated and adherently cultured in a separately prepared coated culture vessel, or may be obtained by adhesive culture in the step (i).
- the cells may be cultured as they are by exchanging the medium.
- the medium used in step (ii) can be prepared by adding FGF2, GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor and BMP7 to the basal medium used for culturing animal cells.
- the basal medium the basal medium as described above can be used, and may contain serum or may be serum-free. If necessary, serum substitutes, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, growth factors, low molecular weight compounds, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts and the like may be contained.
- FGF2 As FGF2, the same as above can be used.
- concentration of FGF2 used in the step (ii) include the same as those mentioned in the step (i).
- GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor As the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, the same ones as described above can be used.
- Preferred GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitors include CHIR99021.
- the concentration of the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor used in the step (ii) can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art depending on the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor used, and examples thereof include 0.01 to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.01 to 100 ⁇ M. It is 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M, more preferably 1 to 7.5 ⁇ M, and particularly preferably 2 to 5 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor used in the step (ii) is preferably higher than the concentration in the step (i).
- human BMP7 is preferable.
- the human BMP7 include a protein having an amino acid sequence of NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) accession number: NM_001719.2.
- BMP7 includes fragments and functional variants thereof as long as it has differentiation-inducing activity.
- BMP7 a commercially available product may be used, or a protein purified from cells or a protein produced by genetic recombination may be used.
- concentration of BMP7 used in the step (ii) include 0.1 to 100 ng / ml, preferably 0.5 to 50 ng / ml, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 ng / ml. ..
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is about 30 to 40 ° C, preferably about 37 ° C. Culturing is carried out in an atmosphere of CO 2 -containing air.
- the CO 2 concentration is about 2-5%, preferably about 5%.
- the culture time of the step (ii) may be a period sufficient for the mesoderm lineage primitive streak to be induced to differentiate, but is, for example, 10 hours to 2 days, or 1 to 2 days, preferably. 0.5 to 1 day.
- the mesoderm lineage late primitive streak is derived from the mesoderm lineage primitive streak.
- the late primitive streak of the mesoderm lineage is characterized as cells positive for CDX2 and BRACHYURY.
- the cell population obtained in the above-mentioned step (ii) may be isolated and adherently cultured in a separately prepared coated culture vessel, or obtained by adhesive culture in the step (ii).
- the cells may be cultured as they are by exchanging the medium.
- the medium used in the step (iii) can be prepared by adding a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, a BMP7 and a TGF ⁇ inhibitor to the basal medium used for culturing animal cells.
- the basal medium the basal medium as described above can be used, and may contain serum or may be serum-free. If necessary, serum substitutes, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, growth factors, low molecular weight compounds, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts and the like may be contained.
- the concentration of the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor used in the step (iii) can be the same as in the step (iii).
- the concentration of the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor includes, for example, 0.01 to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M, more preferably 1 to 7.5 ⁇ M, and particularly preferably 2 to 5 ⁇ M. ..
- the same BMP7 as above can be used.
- the concentration of BMP7 used in the step (iii) can be the same as that in the step (iii).
- a TGF ⁇ inhibitor is a substance that inhibits signal transduction from binding of TGF ⁇ to a receptor to SMAD.
- the TGF ⁇ inhibitor include a substance that inhibits binding to the ALK family, which is a TGF ⁇ receptor, or a substance that inhibits the phosphorylation of SMAD by the ALK family.
- NM_010094, Human: NM_020997 as an example SB431542, SB202190 (above, RK Lindemann et al., Mol. Cancer, 2003, 2:20), SB505124 (GlaxoSmithKline), NPC30345, SD093.
- the TGF ⁇ inhibitor can preferably be A83-01.
- the concentration of the TGF ⁇ inhibitor used in the step (iii) is not particularly limited as long as it is a concentration that inhibits ALK.
- the concentration of the TGF ⁇ inhibitor is, for example, 0.5 to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ M, and more preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ M.
- the medium used in the step (iii) does not contain FGF2. Since the late primitive streak of the mesoderm lineage is induced even if FGF2 is not contained, it can be carried out at a lower cost than the method using a medium containing FGF2.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is about 30 to 40 ° C, preferably about 37 ° C. Culturing is carried out in an atmosphere of CO 2 -containing air.
- the CO 2 concentration is about 2-5%, preferably about 5%.
- the culture time of the step (iii) may be a period sufficient for inducing differentiation of the late mesoderm lineage primitive streak, but is, for example, 1 to 3 days, preferably 1 to 2 days.
- Step (iv) the late primitive streak of the mesoderm lineage is derived from the late primitive streak of the posterior renal lineage.
- the late primordial streak of the posterior renal lineage is characterized as cells positive for HOX11 and BRACHYURY.
- the cell population obtained in the above-mentioned step (iii) may be isolated and adherently cultured in a separately prepared coated culture vessel, or obtained by adhesive culture in the step (iii).
- the cells may be cultured as they are by exchanging the medium.
- the medium used in the step (iv) can be prepared by adding FGF2, GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, activin and ROCK inhibitor to the basal medium used for culturing animal cells.
- the basal medium the basal medium as described above can be used, and may contain serum or may be serum-free. If necessary, serum substitutes, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, growth factors, low molecular weight compounds, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts and the like may be contained.
- the concentration range of the FGF2 and GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitors used in the step (iv) can be the same as in the step (ii).
- the concentration of the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor used in the step (iv) is, for example, 0.01 to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M, more preferably 1 to 7.5 ⁇ M, and particularly. It is preferably 2 to 5 ⁇ M.
- Examples of the concentration of FGF2 used in the step (iv) include, for example, 1 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 30 ng / ml or more, and more preferably 30 to 100 ng / ml.
- the activin may be a human-derived activin, another animal-derived activin, or a functional variant of these activins.
- the activin may be activin A, activin B, or activin AB.
- As the activin for example, a commercially available product such as R & D systems can be used.
- Preferred activin includes activin A.
- concentration of activin used in the step (iv) include, for example, 1 to 100 ng / ml, preferably 5 to 50 ng / ml, and more preferably 5 to 25 ng / ml.
- ROCK inhibitors include Y-27632.
- concentration of the ROCK inhibitor used in the step (iv) can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art depending on the ROCK inhibitor used.
- concentration of the ROCK inhibitor is, for example, 0.1 to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 1 to 75 ⁇ M, and more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ M when the ROCK inhibitor is Y-27632.
- the medium used in the step (iv) may not contain BMP7. By using a medium containing no BMP7, the step (iv) can be carried out at a lower cost.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is about 30 to 40 ° C, preferably about 37 ° C. Culturing is carried out in an atmosphere of CO 2 -containing air.
- the CO 2 concentration is about 2-5%, preferably about 5%.
- the culture time of the step (iv) may be a period sufficient for the late renal lineage primitive streak to be induced to differentiate, but is, for example, 1 to 5 days of culture, preferably 3 days.
- Step (v) the late posterior intermediate mesoderm is derived from the anaphase primitive streak.
- Intermediate mesophyll is characterized as cells positive for OSR1, HOX11 and WT1.
- the cell population obtained in the above-mentioned step (iv) may be isolated and adherently cultured in a separately prepared coated culture vessel, or may be obtained by adhesive culture in the step (iv).
- the cells may be cultured as they are by exchanging the medium.
- the medium used in step (v) can be prepared by adding retinoic acid or a derivative thereof to the basal medium used for culturing animal cells.
- the medium used in step (v) may contain a BMP inhibitor.
- a BMP inhibitor can be added to the basal medium in addition to the above components to prepare the medium used in step (v).
- the basal medium the basal medium as described above can be used, and may contain serum or may be serum-free. If necessary, serum substitutes, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, growth factors, low molecular weight compounds, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts and the like may be contained.
- a BMP inhibitor is a substance that inhibits the function of BMP.
- the BMP inhibitor include proteinaceous inhibitors such as Chordin, NOGGIN, and Follistatin, and Dorsomorphin (that is, 6- [4- (2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy) phenyl] -3-pyridin-4-yl-. Pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine), its derivatives (P.B. Yu et al. (2007), Circulation, 116: II_60; P. B. Yu et al. (2008), Nat. Chem. Biol. , 4: 33-41; J. Hao et al.
- BMP inhibitors include NOGGIN.
- concentration of the BMP inhibitor used in the step (v) is preferably 1 to 100 ng / ml when the BMP inhibitor is NOGGIN. It is 10 to 50 ng / ml.
- the medium used in step (v) does not contain FGF9. Since the late posterior intermediate mesoderm is induced even if FGF9 is not contained, it can be carried out at a lower cost than the method using a medium containing FGF9.
- the medium used in step (v) may not contain FGF20.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is about 30 to 40 ° C, preferably about 37 ° C. Culturing is carried out in an atmosphere of CO 2 -containing air.
- the CO 2 concentration is about 2-5%, preferably about 5%.
- Step (v) The culture time may be a period sufficient for the late posterior intermediate mesoderm to be induced to differentiate, but is, for example, 1 to 3 days of culture, preferably 2 days.
- Nephron progenitor cells are induced from the late posterior intermediate mesoderm. Nephron progenitor cells are OSR1 positive and HOX11, WT1, SIX2 and SALL1 positive.
- the cell population obtained in the above-mentioned step (v) may be isolated and adherently cultured in a separately prepared coated culture vessel, or may be obtained by adhesive culture in the step (v).
- the cells may be cultured as they are by exchanging the medium.
- a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor and at least one fibroblast growth factor selected from the group consisting of FGF9 and FGF20 are added to the basal medium used for culturing animal cells.
- the medium used in step (vi) may contain heparin.
- heparin can be added to the basal medium in addition to the above-mentioned components to prepare the medium used in the step (vi).
- the basal medium the basal medium as described above can be used, and may contain serum or may be serum-free. If necessary, serum substitutes, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, growth factors, low molecular weight compounds, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts and the like may be contained.
- Heparin is preferably in the form of a salt.
- heparin salts include salts with alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium; salts with alkaline earth metals such as calcium, barium and magnesium; salts with metals such as aluminum, zinc, copper and iron; Examples include ammonium salts; salts with organic bases; and salts with amino acids.
- heparin is preferably an alkali metal salt, more preferably a sodium salt.
- concentration of heparin used in the step (vi) include 0.01 to 100 ⁇ g / ml, preferably 0.05 to 50 ⁇ g / ml, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ g / ml. ..
- the concentration of the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor includes, for example, 0.01 to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.5 to 3 ⁇ M, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ M. Is.
- concentration of FGF9 or FGF20 include 1 to 500 ng / ml, and 10 to 300 ng / ml and 50 to 200 ng / ml.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is about 30 to 40 ° C, preferably about 37 ° C. Culturing is carried out in an atmosphere of CO 2 -containing air.
- the CO 2 concentration is about 2-5%, preferably about 5%.
- the culture time of the step (vi) may be a period sufficient for the nephron progenitor cells to be induced to differentiate, but the culture is, for example, 1 to 5 days, preferably 2 days.
- the basal medium used in the above steps (i) to (vi) the same medium as described in the above ⁇ medium for expanding and culturing nephron progenitor cells> can be used.
- the basal medium for example, a mixed medium of DMEM / F12 medium supplemented with B27, AS401, GlutaMAX-I (Invitrogen) and the like can be used.
- Specific examples of the basal medium include a medium in which B27, 10% AS401, or 20% AS401 is added to DMEM / F12 Glutamax, and a medium in which 10% AS401 is added to DMEM / F12 Glutamax is preferable.
- the culture vessel used in the above steps (i) to (vi) is not particularly limited.
- the culture vessel include a 24-well plate, a 12-well plate, a petri dish, a culture flask, a bioreactor, a cell culture bag, and the like.
- the culture vessel it is preferable to use a culture vessel capable of adhesive culture.
- the area of the cell adhesion surface (for example, the bottom surface of the culture vessel) of the culture vessel include 1 to 1000 cm 2 .
- a culture vessel having a cell adhesion surface of 400 cm 2 or more may be used.
- the area of the cell adhesion surface of the culture vessel include 400 to 800 cm 2 , 400 to 700 cm 2 , 400 to 600 cm 2 , and the like.
- the nephron progenitor cells can be induced to differentiate even by using a large-capacity culture vessel as described above.
- a large-capacity culture vessel By using a large-capacity culture vessel, the cell yield of nephron progenitor cells can be increased.
- the culture vessel may be changed at the timing of medium replacement or the timing of cell seeding.
- a medium-capacity culture vessel for example, cell adhesion surface 50 to 200 cm 2
- a large-capacity culture vessel (cell adhesion surface 400 cm) is used. 2 or more) may be used.
- Adhesive culture means that cells are cultured in a state of being adhered to a culture substrate, and for example, it means that cells are cultured in a coated culture vessel.
- the coating agent is preferably an extracellular matrix, and examples thereof include substances such as collagen, proteoglycan, fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, tenascin, entactin, elastin, fibrin and laminin, or fragments thereof. These extracellular matrices may be used in combination, and may be, for example, preparations from cells such as BD Matrigel TM.
- the extracellular matrix is preferably laminin or a fragment thereof.
- laminin is a protein having a heterotrimer structure having one ⁇ chain, one ⁇ chain, and one ⁇ chain, and is an extracellular matrix protein in which isoforms having different subunit chain compositions are present. ..
- Laminin is a combination of 5 ⁇ chains, 4 ⁇ chains and 3 ⁇ chains heterotrimerics and has about 15 isoforms.
- the ⁇ chain is ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4 or ⁇ 5
- the ⁇ chain is ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 or ⁇ 4
- the ⁇ chain is ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 or ⁇ 3.
- Laminin is more preferably laminin 511 consisting of ⁇ 5, ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 1 (Nat Biotechnol 28,611-615 (2010)).
- Laminin may be a fragment, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a fragment having integrin-binding activity.
- E8 fragment laminin 511E8
- EMBO J. EMBO which is a fragment obtained by digestion with elastase. , 3: 1463-1468, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 105: 589-598, 1987, WO2011 / 043405
- Laminin 511E8 is commercially available and can be purchased from, for example, Nippi Co., Ltd.
- the nephron progenitor cells obtained in the steps (i) to (vi) can be expanded and cultured by culturing them in the medium of the first aspect.
- the nephron progenitor cells obtained in the steps (i) to (vi) are subjected to a method including the steps (A) and (B), optionally steps (C) to (E) for expanded culture. can do.
- the same culture vessel as the culture vessel described in the above steps (i) to (vi) can be used.
- the nephron progenitor cells are cultured using the medium of the first aspect, the nephron progenitor cells can be satisfactorily proliferated while maintaining the differentiation potential. Moreover, since the differentiation potential of the nephron progenitor cells is maintained even after subculture, the nephron progenitor cells can be maintained for a long period of time.
- the nephron progenitor cells expanded and cultured by the method of this embodiment can be administered to a subject having renal disease and used for treating renal disease. It can also be used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing renal diseases.
- the nephron progenitor cells cultured by the method of this embodiment maintain the renal organoid forming ability, they can be used for the production of renal organoids described later.
- a third aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a renal organoid.
- the method for producing a renal organoid of this embodiment includes a step of expanding and culturing a nephron precursor culture (expansion culture step) and a step of differentiating the expanded cultured nephron precursor cells into renal organoids (differentiation) by the method of the second aspect. Step) and.
- the expansion culture step is performed by the method of the second aspect. By this step, nephron progenitor cells can be satisfactorily proliferated to a desired number while maintaining the differentiation potential.
- nephron progenitor cells into renal organoids can be performed by known methods. For example, the methods reported in Nature, 526, 564-568 (2015) can be used.
- the cell mass of the nephron progenitor cells obtained in the expansion culture step may be co-cultured with feeder cells such as 3T3-Wnt4 cells, mouse fetal spinal cells, or mouse fetal kidney cells.
- the cell mass of Neflon progenitor cells is subjected to semi-gastric culture using a basal medium containing a GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor (preferably gas-liquid phase culture; see Nature, 526,564-568 (2015)). It may be cultured.
- the medium used in the semi-gastric culture may contain FGF9, FGF2, etc. in addition to the GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor.
- Examples of the basal medium, GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitor, and FGF2 include the same as above.
- a preferred basal medium is KSR.
- Preferred GSK-3 ⁇ inhibitors include CHIR99021.
- Preferred FGF2 includes human FGF2.
- Preferred FGF9 includes human FGF9.
- Examples of human FGF9 include a protein having an amino acid sequence of NCBI accession number: NP_002001.1.
- FGF9 includes fragments and functional variants thereof as long as it has the activity of inducing differentiation into renal organoids.
- Commercially available FGF9 may be used, or a protein purified from cells or a protein produced by genetic recombination may be used. In the above, FGF9 may be replaced with FGF20. Alternatively, FGF9 and FGF20 may be used in combination.
- the culture conditions in the differentiation step the culture conditions usually used for culturing animal cells can be used.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited as long as it can induce differentiation into renal organoids, but is usually 25 to 40 ° C, preferably 30 to 40 ° C. Specific examples of the culture temperature include about 37 ° C.
- the CO 2 concentration can usually be about 0.3-5%, preferably about 2-5%. Specific examples of the CO 2 concentration include about 5%.
- the renal organoid obtained by the production method of this embodiment can be administered to a subject having a renal disease and used for treating the renal disease. It can also be used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing renal diseases.
- the production method of this embodiment may include other steps in addition to the above steps.
- a step of inducing nephron progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells may be mentioned before the expansion culture step. Induction of nephron progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells can be performed by known methods.
- the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising nephron progenitor cells obtained by the method of the second aspect or renal organoids obtained by the production method of the third aspect.
- the present invention also provides a renal disease therapeutic agent comprising said nephron progenitor cells or said renal organoids.
- the present invention also provides a method for treating or preventing renal disease, comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of the nephron precursor cells or the renal organoid to a subject having renal disease or a subject at risk of renal disease. ..
- the present invention also provides a method for producing cells for treating renal disease, which comprises the step of culturing nephron progenitor cells in the medium of the first aspect.
- a method of administering the Neflon precursor cell to a subject requiring treatment or prevention of renal disease for example, a method of sheeting the Neflon precursor cell and attaching it to the target kidney; the Neflon precursor cell in physiological saline.
- the transplantation site is not particularly limited as long as it is within the kidney, but is preferably under the renal capsule.
- Examples of the method for administering the renal organoid to a subject in need of treatment or prevention of renal disease include a method of transplanting into the body of the subject (for example, intraperitoneally).
- the renal disease to be treated or prevented is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acute renal disorder, chronic renal failure, and chronic kidney disease that does not lead to chronic renal failure.
- the number of cells of the nephron progenitor cell to be transplanted or the size of the renal organoid is not particularly limited as long as it can be engrafted after transplantation, and is appropriately adjusted according to the size of the diseased site, the body, age, sex, etc. of the administration target. be able to.
- hNPC nephron progenitor cells
- the suspended cells were counted by TC20, and the cells required for flow cytometry were transferred to a 1.5 ml tube and centrifuged at 200 g for 5 minutes. After centrifugation, the supernatant was removed and suspended at a ratio of 100 ⁇ L of 2% FBS to 1.0x10 6 cells.
- ⁇ Purification of c-MET positive cells To 100 ⁇ L of 2% FBS in which hNPC induced as described above was suspended, 10 ⁇ L of human-HGFR / c-MET antibody (R & D systems, FAB 3582A) to which the fluorescent substance APC was conjugated was added and placed on ice. It was allowed to stand for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, the supernatant was removed by centrifugation at 200 g for 5 minutes, washed with 1 mL of PBS, and again centrifuged at 200 g for 5 minutes. This operation was performed twice. The cells from which the supernatant had been removed were suspended in 2% FBS diluted with DAPI 1,000 times, passed through a 40 ⁇ m filter, and then c-MET-positive cells were extracted using flow cytometry.
- human-HGFR / c-MET antibody R & D systems, FAB 3582A
- hNPC in which c-MET-positive cells have not been purified is referred to as "hNPC (Bulk)".
- the hNPC obtained by purifying c-MET-positive cells may be referred to as "hNPC (c-MET (+))”.
- hNPSR medium hNPSR medium
- CFY medium a medium obtained by adding a JAK inhibitor (JAK2 inhibitor: TG101348 (final concentration 3 nM)) dissolved in DMSO or DMSO to CFY medium were used.
- JAK inhibitor JAK2 inhibitor: TG101348 (final concentration 3 nM)
- the composition of the hNPSR medium is shown in Table 1.
- the hNPSR medium was prepared by adding the reagents shown in Table 1 to the Basic medium shown in Table 1.
- the composition of the CFY medium is shown in Table 2.
- the CFY medium was prepared by adding the reagents shown in Table 2 to the Basic medium shown in Table 2.
- hNPC ⁇ Cell proliferation> hNPC was suspended in 50 ⁇ L of test medium to give 2.0 x 10 4 cells per well, seeded on a low-adhesion 96-well plate (Nunc), centrifuged at 300 g for 3 minutes, 37 ° C., 25 % CO. The cells were statically cultured in the incubator of. A cell mass was formed 6 hours after the start of static culture.
- ⁇ Subculture> The cell mass of human iPS cell-derived NPC (hNPC) cultured in the test medium was transferred to a 1.5 ml tube, the supernatant was completely removed, 30 ⁇ L of Accumax (Incubative Cell Technologies, Inc.) was added, and the temperature was 37 ° C., CO 2 The cells were allowed to stand in a 5% incubator for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the cells were suspended in 470 ⁇ L of 10% FBS and the number of cells was measured by TC20 (Bio-Rad). 2.0x10 4 cells of human iPS cell-derived NPCs per well were suspended in test medium and seeded on low-adhesion 96-well plates (Nunc).
- Low-attainment 96-well plates seeded with cells were centrifuged at 300 g for 3 minutes and statically cultured in an incubator at 37 ° C. and 25 % CO. Forty-eight hours after the start of static culture, 100 ⁇ L of the test medium was additionally administered to each well. Forty-eight hours after the additional administration of the medium, the same operation as above was performed to measure the cell number and subculture.
- the cell mass of hNPC subcultured was placed on Transwell (Corning), and the surrounding medium was removed.
- a Transwell with a cell mass was set in a culture dish previously filled with 5% KSR (Knock-out serum reaction) (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 200 ng / mL FGF2 and 5 ⁇ M CHIR99021.
- KSR Knock-out serum reaction
- the medium was replaced with 5% KSR without the addition of growth factors and small molecule compounds.
- the medium was exchanged with 5% KSR to which growth factors and small molecule compounds were not added, and on the 10th day after the start of differentiation culture, the cells were fixed at 4 ° C. for 3 hours using 4% PFA as Transwell. .. After fixation, the cells were replaced with PBS and allowed to stand at 4 ° C. overnight for immunostaining.
- OSR1 and SIX2 A human iPS cell having an OSR1-GFP reporter gene in which a GFP coding region was introduced at the OSR1 locus and a SIX2-tdTomato reporter gene in which the tdTomato coding region was linked to the SIX2 gene was established.
- the expression of OSR1 and SIX2 was confirmed by conducting a culture test using the human iPS cells and detecting each fluorescence of GFP and tdTomato with a fluorescence microscope.
- Cisplatin adjusted to 1 mg / mL with physiological saline was subcutaneously injected into CB17-Prkdc scid / J mice (hereinafter referred to as "NOD-SCID mice") at a dose of 21 mg / kg to induce cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.
- a fault (AKI) model was created. Twenty-four hours after cisplatin administration, the left kidney was exposed extracorporeally by making an approximately 1 cm skin incision in the lower left dorsal region of NOD-SCID mice under general anesthesia with isoflurane, followed by an approximately 1 cm incision in the retroperitoneum.
- a 24-gauge surflo indwelling needle was punctured into the exposed kidney, and an outer cylinder was placed under the renal capsule.
- the renal capsule and renal parenchyma were detached by injecting air or physiological saline with a syringe through the outer cylinder.
- the outer cylinder of the 24-gauge surflo indwelling needle was removed, and the hNPC (Bulk) cell mass (equivalent to about 3.0 x 106 cells) that had been expanded and cultured for 1 or 2 passages in CFY medium from the same puncture site. ) was inserted into the outer cylinder of the aspirated 22-gauge surflo indwelling needle, and cells were slowly injected (cell transplantation).
- Example 1 Subculture of hNPC (Bulk) was performed using CFY medium and hNPSR medium, and cell proliferation, expression of NPC markers, and ability to form renal organoids were confirmed in the cultured cells.
- Fig. 2 The results are shown in Fig. 2.
- hNPSR medium renal organoids were formed from the first passage hNPC (Bulk).
- renal organoids were not formed from the 2nd and 3rd generation hNPCs (Bulk).
- CFY medium renal organoids were formed from any of the 1st to 3rd passages of hNPC (Bulk). From this result, it was confirmed that by using CFY medium, hNPC (Bulk) can be subcultured while maintaining the ability to form renal organoids.
- ⁇ Cell proliferation in subculture of hNPC (Bulk) using CFY medium was carried out using a medium obtained by adding DMSO to hNPSR medium or CFY medium, and the number of cells was measured.
- FIG. 3 shows the cumulative number of cells calculated from the cells in each subculture.
- the cumulative number of cells in passage number 1 is as follows: the number of cells grown in passage number 0 is a, the volume of the culture solution of passage number 0 is b, the volume of the culture solution of P0 used for passage is c, and P1.
- the cumulative number of cells in the subsequent subcultures is calculated in the same manner.
- hNPC hNPC
- Example 2 Subculture of hNPC (Bulk) was performed using a medium in which a JAK inhibitor was added to CFY medium, and cell proliferation, expression of NPC markers, and renal organoid formation ability were confirmed in the cultured cells.
- HNPC Cell proliferation promoting effect by JAK inhibitor> HNPC (Bulk) was cultured using a medium in which DMSO was added to the CFY medium or a medium in which 3 nM TG101348 (JAK2 inhibitor) was added to the CFY medium, and the number of cells was measured.
- hNPC (Bulk) ⁇ Maintenance culture of hNPC (Bulk) with CHY medium supplemented with JAK inhibitor> Using a medium in which DMSO was added to the CFY medium or a medium in which 3 nM TG101348 (JAK2 inhibitor) was added to the CFY medium, hNPC (Bulk) was subcultured, and it is an NPC marker in each subculture. It was confirmed whether the expression of OSR1 and SIX2 was maintained.
- Kidney organoids were prepared from cells of the second passage by subculturing hNPC (Bulk) using a medium in which DMSO was added to the CFY medium or a medium in which 3 nM TG101348 (JAK2 inhibitor) was added to the CFY medium. I tried.
- Kidney organoids were formed from cells of the second passage in both the CFY medium supplemented with DMSO (+ DMSO) and the CFY medium supplemented with 3 nM TG101348 (+ TG (3)). From the results here, it was confirmed that hNPC (Bulk) can be subcultured using a medium obtained by adding a JAK inhibitor to a CFY medium while maintaining the ability to form renal organoids.
- Example 3 Subculture of hNPC (c-MET (+)) was performed using a medium obtained by adding a JAK inhibitor to CFY medium, and cell proliferation, expression of NPC markers, and renal organoid formation ability were confirmed in the cultured cells.
- Subculture of hNPC (c-MET (+)) was performed using a medium in which DMSO was added to the CFY medium or a medium in which 3 nM TG101348 (JAK2 inhibitor) was added to the CFY medium, and the number of cells was measured and accumulated. The number of cells was calculated.
- Kidney organoids were formed from the cells of the first passage in both the CFY medium supplemented with DMSO (+ DMSO) and the CFY medium supplemented with 3 nM TG101348 (+ TG (3)). From this result, it was confirmed that hNPC (c-MET (+)) can be subcultured using a medium obtained by adding a JAK inhibitor to a CFY medium while maintaining the ability to form renal organoids.
- Example 4 The cell mass of hNPC (Bulk) expanded and cultured in CFY medium was transplanted under the renal capsule of AKI mice, and the therapeutic effect of hNPC (Bulk) was confirmed.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 The transplantation results of the 1-passage and 2-passage hNPC cell clusters are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, respectively.
- "normal” is a normal mouse
- "raw food” is an AKI mouse to which physiological saline is administered under the renal capsule
- “NPC transplantation” is a cell mass of hNPC (Bulk) under the renal capsule.
- the AKI mice transplanted to are shown.
- AKI mice to which physiological saline was administered had significantly higher BUN and S-Cre values than normal mice, confirming renal dysfunction.
- NPCs induced to differentiate by the following differentiation induction method A based on the method described in International Publication No. 2018/216743 were used.
- Undifferentiated hiPSC cells were unicellularized by accutase treatment, then suspended in 500 ⁇ L AK02N medium (Ajinomoto) supplemented with 10 ⁇ M Y-27632 and 1.25 ⁇ L iMatrix (Nippi), and 1.0 ⁇ 10 on a 24-well plate. Seed at a density of 4 cells / well to 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well and incubated for 24 hours at 37 ° C.
- Example 5 It was examined whether hNPC was induced to differentiate from human iPS cells (hiPSC) by the following protocol.
- hiPSC OSR1-GFP / SIX2-tdTomato reporter human iPS cells derived from 201B7 were used.
- ⁇ Method of inducing differentiation of hNPC from hiPSC (differentiation induction method B)> 1.
- 1. 1 ⁇ M CHIR99021, 10 nM retinoic acid, 1 ng / ml BMP4, 100 ng / ml using DMEM / F12 Glutamax (Invitrogen) to which B27 was added after unicellularizing undifferentiated hiPSC by TripLE Select Enzyme (Gibco) treatment.
- FIG. 13 shows the results of confirming the differentiation-inducing efficiency of SIX2-positive cells for the differentiation-induced hNPC.
- the percentage of SIX2-positive cells in non-DAPI-stained live cells is shown.
- step 4 when the concentration of FGF2 was 10 ng / mL or less, the efficiency of induction to hNPC decreased. The presence of heparin did not affect the induction efficiency of hNPC.
- hNPC was induced to differentiate from hiPSC. Further, in the differentiation induction method B 3 (preparation of the late primitive streak of the mesoderm lineage: step 3), 30 ng / ml FGF2; or 10 ng / ml FGF2 was used instead of 100 ng / ml FGF2, and the differentiation induction method was further performed. From hiPSC in the same manner as in differentiation induction method B, except that in B4 (preparation of late renal lineage primitive streak: step 4), 30 ng / ml FGF2 was used instead of 100 ng / ml FGF2. Differentiation was induced for hNPC.
- FIG. 14 shows the results of confirming the differentiation-inducing efficiency of SIX2-positive cells for the differentiation-induced hNPC.
- the percentage of SIX2-positive cells in non-DAPI-stained live cells is shown.
- step 3 the concentration of FGF2 did not affect the efficiency of induction to hNPC.
- Example 7 According to the protocol of the differentiation induction method B, hNPC was induced to differentiate from hiPSC. Further, in 5 of the differentiation induction method B (preparation of late posterior middle mesoderm: step 5), instead of 200 ng / ml FGF9, 100 ng / ml FGF9; 100 ng / ml FGF9 and 0.18 U / ml (1 ⁇ g / mL).
- FIG. 15 shows the results of confirming the differentiation-inducing efficiency of SIX2-positive cells for the differentiation-induced hNPC.
- the percentage of SIX2-positive cells in non-DAPI-stained live cells is shown.
- step 5 the concentration of FGF9 did not affect the efficiency of induction to hNPC.
- Example 8 According to the protocol of the differentiation induction method B, hNPC was induced to differentiate from hiPSC. Further, in 2 to 6 of the differentiation induction method B, DMEM / F12 Glutamax supplemented with 10% or 20% AS401 (StemFit (registered trademark) for Differation, Ajinomoto Healthy Supply Co., Ltd.) was used as the basal medium, and further described above. In differentiation induction method B 3 (preparation of mesoderm lineage late primordial striatum: step 3), 100 ng / ml FGF2 was replaced with 0 ng / ml FGF2, and further differentiation induction method B 4 (postrenal lineage late primordial primordial streak) was used.
- DMEM / F12 Glutamax supplemented with 10% or 20% AS401 (StemFit (registered trademark) for Differation, Ajinomoto Healthy Supply Co., Ltd.) was used as the basal medium, and further described above.
- differentiation induction method B 3 preparation of
- Preparation of streaks In step 4), instead of 100 ng / ml FGF2, 30 ng / ml FGF2 was used, and in 5 of the differentiation induction method B (preparation of late posterior intermediate mesoderm: step 5), 200 ng / ml FGF9. In place of 0 ng / ml FGF9, and in 6 of the differentiation induction method B (preparation of hNPC: step 6), 100 ng / ml FGF9 and 0.18 U / ml (1 ⁇ g / mL) were used instead of 200 ng / ml FGF9. Differentiation was induced from hiPSC by the same method as the differentiation induction method B except that heparin was used.
- FIG. 16 shows the results of confirming the differentiation-inducing efficiency of SIX2-positive cells for the differentiation-induced hNPC.
- FIG. 16 shows the proportion of SIX2-positive cells in live cells not stained with DAPI. It was confirmed that the hNPC induction efficiency tended to improve by using the basal medium supplemented with 10% AS401.
- Example 9 Differentiation was induced for hNPC in the same manner as in Example 8 except that a clinical hiPSC stock strain was used as the hiPSC (differentiation induction method B).
- DMEM / F12 Glutamax supplemented with B27 or 10% AS401 was used as the basal medium.
- FIG. 17 shows the results of confirming the expression of SIX2 for the differentiation-induced hNPC. It was confirmed that the hNPC induction efficiency tended to be improved by using the basal medium supplemented with 10% AS401.
- hNPC was induced to differentiate from hiPSC (hereinafter referred to as "differentiation induction method C").
- As the basal medium DMEM / F12 Glutamax supplemented with 10% AS401 was used.
- iPS cells were seeded on a 24-well plate (greener bio-one, 662160) on Stage 1, and the cells were re-seeded on a 24-well plate after the end of the first day of Stage 4.
- hNPC was collected and expanded and cultured in CPHY medium using a low-adhesion 96-well plate (Prime Surface Plate 96U (Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., MS-9096U)).
- iPS cells were seeded in a T150 flask or a T75 flask (Iwaki) in Stage 1, and cells were placed in 512 cm 2 plates (Sumitomo Bakelite, adherent cell culture peel-off culture vessel 512, MS-28500) after the end of the first day of Stage 4. Was re-seeded.
- hNPCs were harvested and expanded in CFY medium using low-adhesion 96-well plates.
- FIG. 19 shows the results of immunostaining the SIX2 expression of hNPC derived from the HLA homostock hiPSC (Ff14s04) strain by the Small scale differentiation induction method (differentiation induction method C (Small)).
- FIG. 20 shows a morphological photograph and SIX2 expression level of cells subjected to the differentiation induction method of Small scale (differentiation induction method C (Small)) or Large scale (differentiation induction method C (Large)) in FIG. From the morphological photograph of Stage 6 and the expression level of SIX2, it was confirmed that hNPC was induced to differentiate in both Small scale and Large scale cultures. From the morphological photograph on the 7th day after the expansion culture, it was confirmed that the hNPC induced to differentiate from any of the Small scale and Large scale cultures can be expanded and cultured with the CFY medium.
- FIG. 21 The cell yield after Stage 6 in the differentiation induction method C (Large) is shown in FIG. 21. It was confirmed that 108 scale hNPC can be produced by the method of this example.
- FIG. 22 shows a fluorescent image in which SIX2 expression of hNPC after Stage 6 was confirmed by immunostaining.
- CFY medium (CFY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401) supplemented with 10% AS401 instead of B27, or CFY supplemented with 20% AS401 instead of B27, to compare the effects of additives.
- Medium (CFY medium (-B27, + 20% AS401) and CFY medium were prepared.
- HNPC was induced to differentiate from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method C (Small).
- Basal medium DMEM / F12 Glutamax supplemented with 10% AS401 was used.
- the hNPC after Stage 6 was recovered and expanded and cultured in CFY medium, CFY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401), or CFY medium (-B27, + 20% AS401) using a low-adhesion 96-well plate.
- FIG. 23 shows a morphological photograph of hNPC in expanded culture.
- CFY medium or CFY medium (-B27, + 20% AS401) was used, the morphology of the hNPC mass changed to an elliptical shape.
- CFY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401) was used, the morphology of the hNPC mass was maintained in a circular shape.
- FIG. 24 shows the growth rate.
- hNPC showed the best growth rate in CFY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401). From these results, it was considered that CFY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401) was the most suitable for the expansion culture of hNPC.
- Example 13 Differentiation was induced from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method C (Small).
- Basal medium DMEM / F12 Glutamax supplemented with 10% AS401 was used.
- the hNPC after Stage 6 was recovered and expanded and cultured in CFY medium, CFY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401), or CFY medium (-B27, + 20% AS401) using a low-adhesion 96-well plate.
- the cell mass equivalent to 3 ⁇ 10 6 cells of hNPC on the 7th day of the expanded culture was transplanted under the renal capsule of AKI mice, and the therapeutic effect by hNPC was confirmed.
- FIGS. 25 and 26 The results of measuring urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (S-Cre) in blood are shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, respectively. No significant difference was detected between the 4 groups including the Ctl group, but an improvement tendency was observed in both BUN and S-Cre in the transplanted group. It was
- Example 14 Differentiation was induced from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method C (Small).
- Basal medium DMEM / F12 Glutamax supplemented with 10% AS401 was used.
- the hNPC after Stage 6 was recovered and expanded and cultured in CFY medium or CFY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401) using a low-adhesion 96-well plate.
- FIG. 27 shows the results of confirming the gene expression of the hNPC cell mass on the 7th day of the expanded culture.
- Expansion culture in CFY medium (-B27, + 10% AS401) tended to increase the expression of NPC markers and angiogenesis-related genes.
- Example 15 In order to confirm the effect of FGF9 on the CFY medium, a medium (CFY medium (-FGF9, + FGF2)) to which 300 ng / ml of FGF2 was added instead of FGF9 of the CFY medium was prepared. Differentiation was induced from hiPSC by the differentiation induction method A. As the basal medium, DMEM / F12 Glutamax supplemented with B27 (B-27 Supplement, minus vitamin A, Invitrogen) was used. The hNPC after Stage 6 was recovered and expanded and cultured in CFY medium or CFY medium (-FGF9, + FGF2) using a low-adhesion 96-well plate.
- CFY medium CFY medium (-FGF9, + FGF2)
- the cell mass was observed with an optical microscope and a fluorescence microscope, and the morphology observed with the optical microscope was compared with the expression of the NPC markers (OSR1, SIX2) observed with the fluorescence microscope.
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the expression of NPC markers was higher in the expanded culture in the medium containing FGF9.
- Example 16 Differentiation was induced from hNPC expanded and cultured using CFY medium or CFY medium (-FGF9, + FGF2) to renal organoids. The results are shown in FIG. The area of the renal organoid (light-colored part) was increased and the formation of the renal organoid was better when the culture was expanded in the medium containing FGF9.
- Example 17 In order to confirm the effect of the ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632) on the CFY medium, a medium (CF medium) obtained by removing the ROCK inhibitor from the CFY medium was prepared.
- the hNPC maintained in CFY medium was subcultured into CFY medium. Two days after the passage, the medium was changed to CFY medium or CF medium (first medium change). Then, two days after the first medium exchange, the medium was further exchanged with CFY medium or CF medium (second medium exchange). Two days after the second medium change, the medium was subcultured to CFY medium. In this cycle, subculture was performed up to 3 subcultures.
- NPC marker-positive cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results are shown in FIGS. 30 and 31. Whether the medium after 2 days from the passage was CF medium (CFY ⁇ CF) or CFY medium (CFY ⁇ CFY) did not affect the expression of NPC markers.
- Example 18 The hNPC maintained in CFY medium was subcultured into CFY medium. Two days after the passage, the medium was changed to CFY medium or CF medium (first medium change). Then, two days later, the medium was further exchanged with CFY medium or CF medium (second medium exchange). Two days after the second medium change, the medium was subcultured to CFY medium. In this cycle, subculture was performed up to 3 subcultures.
- NPC marker (OSR1, SIX2) -positive cells and c-MET (cell surface antigen protein specifically expressed in NPC) in living cells not stained with DAPI by flow cytometry after cells were collected at the timing of passage. ) The proportion of positive cells was analyzed. The results are shown in FIG. 32 (passage number 1) and FIG. 33 (passage number 2). Ratio of each cell group (OSR1 (+) SIX2 (+), OSR1 (+) SIX2 (-), c-MET (+)) measured by flow cytometry to the total number of live cells not stained with DAPI. It is shown by the number of cells according to. Whether the medium after 2 days from the passage was CF medium (CFY ⁇ CF) or CFY medium (CFY ⁇ CFY) did not affect the expression of NPC markers.
- CF medium CFY ⁇ CF
- CFY ⁇ CFY CFY medium
- Example 19 The hNPC maintained in CFY medium was subcultured into CFY medium. Two days after the passage, the medium was changed to CFY medium or CF medium (first medium change). Then, two days later, the medium was further exchanged with CFY medium or CF medium (second medium exchange). Two days after the second medium change, the medium was subcultured to CFY medium. In this cycle, subculture was performed up to 2 subcultures.
- the cell mass after the second passage was observed with an optical microscope and a fluorescence microscope, and the morphology observed with the optical microscope was compared with the expression of the NPC markers (OSR1, SIX2) observed with the fluorescence microscope.
- the results are shown in FIG. Whether the medium after 2 days from the passage was CF medium (CFY ⁇ CF) or CFY medium (CFY ⁇ CFY) did not affect the expression of NPC markers.
- Example 20 The hNPC maintained in CFY medium was subcultured into CFY medium. Two days after the passage, the medium was changed to CFY medium or CF medium (first medium change). Then, two days later, the medium was further exchanged with CFY medium or CF medium (second medium exchange). Two days after the second medium change, the medium was subcultured to CFY medium. In this cycle, subculture was performed up to one subculture.
- Kidney organoids were formed regardless of whether the medium after 2 days from the passage was CF medium (CFY ⁇ CF) or CFY medium (CFY ⁇ CFY). The formation of renal organoids was equivalent to that of the CF medium (CFY ⁇ CF) 2 days after passage and the one using CFY culture after 2 days (CFY ⁇ CFY).
- a medium for expanding and culturing Neflon precursor cells capable of expanding and culturing Neflon precursor cells while maintaining differentiation ability, an NPC expansion culture method using the medium, and the expansion culture method.
- a method for producing a renal organoid from the Neflon precursor cells obtained in the above is provided.
- the nephron progenitor cells and renal organoids obtained by the method of the present invention can be applied to the treatment or prevention of renal diseases.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2021年1月8日に、日本に出願された特願2021-002203号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
[1]GSK-3β阻害剤、ROCK阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の線維芽細胞増殖因子を含む、ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養するための培地。
[2]JAK阻害剤をさらに含む、[1]に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養するための培地。
[3]前記JAK阻害剤が、JAK2阻害剤である、[2]に記載の培地。
[4]前記JAK2阻害剤が、TG101348である、[3]に記載の培地。
[5]前記GSK-3β阻害剤が、CHIR99021である、[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の培地。
[6]前記ROCK阻害剤が、Y-27632である、[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載の培地。
[7]前記培地の容量全体に対し、10容量%のAS401をさらに含む、[1]~[6]のいずれか1つに記載の培地。
[8]前記ネフロン前駆細胞が、ヒトのネフロン前駆細胞である、[1]~[7]のいずれか1つに記載の培地。
[9]前記ネフロン前駆細胞が、多能性幹細胞から誘導されたネフロン前駆細胞である、[1]~[8]のいずれか1つに記載の培地。
[10]前記多能性幹細胞が、iPS細胞である、[9]に記載の培地。
[11][1]~[10]のいずれか1つに記載の培地でネフロン前駆細胞を培養する工程を含む、ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
[12]前記ネフロン前駆細胞を培養する工程が、前記ネフロン前駆細胞を継代培養することを含む、[11]に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
[13](A)[1]~[10]のいずれか1つに記載の培地でネフロン前駆細胞を30~60時間培養する工程と、(B)前記工程(A)で得られた細胞を、GSK3β阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の線維芽細胞増殖因子を含み、且つROCK阻害剤を含まない培地で培養する工程と、を含む、ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
[14](C)前記工程(B)で得られた細胞を、[1]~[10]のいずれか1つに記載の培地に継代する工程をさらに含む、[13]に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
[15](D)前記工程(C)で継代した細胞を、[1]~[10]のいずれか1つに記載の培地で30~60時間培養する工程と、(E)前記工程(D)で得られた細胞を、GSK-3β阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の線維芽細胞増殖因子を含み、且つROCK阻害剤を含まない培地で培養する工程と、をさらに含む、[14]に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
[16]前記ネフロン前駆細胞が、ヒトのネフロン前駆細胞である、[11]~[15]のいずれか1つに記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
[17]前記ネフロン前駆細胞が、多能性幹細胞から誘導されたネフロン前駆細胞である、[11]~[16]のいずれか1つに記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
[18]前記多能性幹細胞が、iPS細胞である、[17]に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
[19]前記ネフロン前駆細胞が、下記工程(i)~(vi)を含む方法により得られたネフロン前駆細胞である、[17]又は[18]に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法:(i)多能性幹細胞を、FGF2、BMP4、GSK-3β阻害剤及びレチノイン酸又はその誘導体を含む培地で培養する工程;(ii)前記工程(i)で得られた細胞を、FGF2、GSK-3β阻害剤及びBMP7を含む培地で培養する工程;(iii)前記工程(ii)で得られた細胞を、GSK-3β阻害剤、BMP7及びTGFβ阻害剤を含み、且つFGF2を含まない培地で培養する工程;(iv)前記工程(iii)で得られた細胞を、FGF2、GSK-3β阻害剤、アクチビン及びROCK阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程;(v)前記工程(iv)で得られた細胞を、レチノイン酸又はその誘導体を含み、且つFGF9を含まない培地で培養する工程;並びに(vi)前記工程(v)で得られた細胞を、GSK-3β阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の線維芽細胞増殖因子を含む培地で培養する工程。
[20]前記工程(iv)で用いる培地が、BMP7を含まない培地である、[19]に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
[21]前記工程(i)~(vi)の少なくとも1つの工程を、細胞接着面が400cm2以上である培養容器を用いて行う、[19]又は[20]に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
[22][11]~[21]のいずれか1つに記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法により、ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する工程と、前記拡大培養したネフロン前駆細胞を腎臓オルガノイドに分化させる工程と、を含む、腎臓オルガノイドの製造方法。
本発明の第1の態様は、ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養するための培地である。本態様の培地は、GSK-3β阻害剤、ROCK阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも線維芽細胞増殖因子を含む。一実施形態において、本態様の培地は、JAK阻害剤をさらに含む。
NPCは、in vitroで腎臓の糸球体様構造や尿細管様構造などの器官構造へ分化し得る細胞である。ネフロン前駆細胞の器官構造への分化能は、例えば、Osafune K,et al.(2006),Development 133:151-61に記載の方法によって評価し得る。ネフロン前駆細胞としての状態を維持するための特徴的な因子としてSIX2が知られており(Cell Stem Cell 3:169-181(2008))、本態様の方法で培養されるネフロン前駆細胞の例として、SIX2陽性のネフロン前駆細胞が挙げられる。例えば、SIX2プロモーター制御下に導入されたレポーター遺伝子(例えば、tdTomato)を有する多能性幹細胞(例えば、後記実施例記載のOSR1-GFP/SIX2-tdTomatoレポーターヒトiPS細胞)を培養し、当該レポーター遺伝子の発現を指標に当該分野で公知の方法(例えば、細胞ソーターを用いる方法)によって、SIX2陽性のネフロン前駆細胞を単離することができる。また、定量的RT-PCR(NatCommun 4,1367,(2013))等の遺伝子発現を分析する方法によって、ネフロン前駆細胞におけるSIX2の発現を確認することもできる。本明細書において、SIX2陽性のネフロン前駆細胞には、SIX2タンパク質を発現している細胞、及びSIX2プロモーター制御下にある遺伝子にコードされるタンパク質を発現する細胞が包含される。ヒトのSIX2遺伝子(NCBI Gene ID:10736)としては、NCBIアクセッション番号:NM_016932.5で登録されたヌクレオチド配列を有する遺伝子、マウスのSIX2遺伝子(NCBI Gene ID:20472)としては、NCBIアクセッション番号:NM_011380.2で登録されたヌクレオチド配列を有する遺伝子等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。本態様の培地で培養されるネフロン前駆細胞は、好ましくは、OSR1が陽性であり、かつHOX11、WT1、SIX2及びSALL1が陽性である。
「拡大培養」とは、ネフロン前駆細胞の性質を維持させたままネフロン前駆細胞を増殖させる培養を意味する。すなわち、拡大培養したネフロン前駆細胞は、in vitroで腎臓の糸球体様構造や尿細管様構造などの器官構造へ分化することができる。本態様の培地は、継代を繰り返しても、ネフロン前駆細胞の性質を維持させたままネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養することができる。
本態様の培地は、動物培養に用いられる基礎培地に、GSK-3β阻害剤、ROCK阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも線維芽細胞増殖因子を添加した培地であってよい。また、動物培養に用いられる基礎培地に、GSK-3β阻害剤、ROCK阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも線維芽細胞増殖因子に加えて、JAK阻害剤を添加したものであってもよい。
基礎培地は、特に限定されず、動物培養に通常用いられるものを特に制限なく使用することができる。基礎培地としては、例えば、IMDM培地、Medium 199培地、Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium(EMEM)培地、αMEM培地、Dulbecco’s ModifiedEagle’s Medium(DMEM)培地、Ham’sF12(F12)培地、RPMI 1640培地、Fischer’s培地、及びこれらの混合培地等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。培地には、血清(例えば、ウシ胎児血清(FBS))が含有されていてもよいし、又は無血清でもよい。必要に応じて、例えば、アルブミン、トランスフェリン、KnockOut Serum Replacement(KSR)(ES細胞培養時の血清代替物)(Invitrogen)、N2サプリメント(Invitrogen)、B27サプリメント(Invitrogen)、脂肪酸、インスリン、コラーゲン前駆体、微量元素、2-メルカプトエタノール、3’-チオールグリセロールなどの1つ以上の血清代替物を含んでもよい。また、脂質、アミノ酸、L-グルタミン、GlutaMAX(Invitrogen)、非必須アミノ酸(NEAA)、ビタミン、増殖因子、抗生物質、抗酸化剤、ピルビン酸、緩衝剤、無機塩類、及びこれらの同等物などの1つ以上の物質を含んでいてもよい。
基礎培地としては、例えば、DMEM/F12培地の混合培地に、10% AS401を添加したものであってもよい。基礎培地としては、例えば、DMEM/F12培地の混合培地に、10% AS401、及びGlutaMAX-I(Invitrogen)を添加したものであってもよい。DMEM/F12培地の混合培地にGlutaMAXを添加した培地としては、DMEM/F12 Glutamax(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.)を用いてもよい。基礎培地は、DMEM/F12 Glutamaxに、10% AS401を添加したものであってもよい。10% AS401を添加した基礎培地を用いることにより、ネフロン前駆細胞の増殖率、細胞塊の形状、及びNPCマーカー(SIX2、OSR1)及び腎保護因子(VEGFA)の発現等が向上する。
本態様の培地は、GSK-3β阻害剤を含む。GSK-3β阻害剤は、GSK(Glycogen Synthase Kinase)3βの機能、例えば、キナーゼ活性(例えば、βカテニンに対するリン酸化能)を阻害する物質である。GSK3β阻害剤としては、例えば、インジルビン誘導体であるBIO(別名、GSK-3β阻害剤IX;6-ブロモインジルビン3’-オキシム)、マレイミド誘導体であるSB216763(3-(2,4-ジクロロフェニル)-4-(1-メチル-1H-インドール-3-イル)-1H-ピロール-2,5-ジオン)、SB415286(3-[(3-クロロ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)アミノ]-4-(2-ニトロフェニル)-1H-ピロール-2,5-ジオン)、フェニルαブロモメチルケトン化合物であるGSK-3β阻害剤VII(4-ジブロモアセトフェノン)、細胞膜透過型のリン酸化ペプチドであるL803-mts(別名、GSK3βペプチド阻害剤;Myr-N-GKEAPPAPPQSpP-NH2)、及びCHIR99021(6-[2-[4-(2,4-ジクロロフェニル)-5-(4-メチル-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル)ピリミジン-2-イルアミノ]エチルアミノ]ピリジン-3-カルボニトリル)、並びにこれらの誘導体等が挙げられる。これらの化合物は、例えば、Stemgent社、Calbiochem社、Biomol社等から入手可能であり、また自ら作製してもよい。GSK-3β阻害剤は、GSK-3βに対するアンチセンス核酸、RNA干渉誘導性核酸(例、siRNA)、ドミナントネガティブ変異体、及びそれらの発現ベクター等であってもよい。
本態様の培地は、ROCK阻害剤を含む。ROCK阻害剤は、Rho-キナーゼ(ROCK)の機能を阻害する物質である。ROCK阻害剤としては、例えば、Y-27632(例、Ishizaki et al.,Mol.Pharmacol.57,976-983(2000);Narumiya et al.,Methods Enzymol.325,273-284(2000)参照)、Fasudil/HA1077(例、Uenata et al.,Nature 389:990-994(1997)参照)、H-1152(例、Sasaki et al.,Pharmacol.Ther.93:225-232(2002)参照)、Wf-536(例、Nakajima et al.,Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 52(4):319-324(2003)参照)及びそれらの誘導体、並びにROCKに対するアンチセンス核酸、RNA干渉誘導性核酸(例、siRNA)、ドミナントネガティブ変異体、及びそれらの発現ベクターが挙げられる。また、ROCK阻害剤としては他の公知の低分子化合物も使用できる(例えば、米国特許出願公開第2005/0209261号、同第2005/0192304号、同第2004/0014755号、同第2004/0002508号、同第2004/0002507号、同第2003/0125344号、同第2003/0087919号、及び国際公開第2003/062227号、同第2003/059913号、同第2003/062225号、同第2002/076976号、同第2004/039796号参照)。
本態様の培地は、線維芽細胞増殖因子(Fibroblast Growth Factor:FGF)9を含んでもよい。FGF9が由来する生物は特に限定されない。FGF9としては、例えば、ヒトFGF9を用いることができる。ヒトFGF9(NCBI Gene ID:2254)としては、例えば、NCBIアクセッション番号:NP_002001.1のアミノ酸配列を有するタンパク質が挙げられる。FGF9はネフロン前駆細胞の増殖を促進する活性を有する限りその断片又は機能的改変体であってもよい。FGF9は市販されているものを使用してもよく、細胞から精製されたタンパク質や遺伝子組み換えで生産されたタンパク質を使用してもよい。また、FGF20はFGF9と同じサブファミリーに属し、マウスの発生期腎臓においてFGF9の作用と重複した作用を示す知見(Barak,H.et al.FGF9 and FGF20 Maintain the Stemness of Nephron Progenitors in Mice and Man.Dev.Cell 22,1191-1207(2012).)から、FGF9を代替可能と考えられる。
本態様の培地は、FGF9に替えて、又はFGF9と共に、FGF20を含んでもよい。上述のように、FGF20及びFGF9は、腎発生期において同様に作用することが知られており、相互に代替可能である。FGF20が由来する生物は特に限定されない。FGF20としては、例えば、ヒトFGF20を用いることができる。ヒトFGF20(NCBI Gene ID:26281)としては、例えば、NCBIアクセッション番号:NP_062825.1のアミノ酸配列を有するタンパク質が挙げられる。FGF20はネフロン前駆細胞の増殖を促進する活性を有する限りその断片又は機能的改変体であってもよい。FGF20は市販されているものを使用してもよく、細胞から精製されたタンパク質や遺伝子組み換えで生産されたタンパク質を使用してもよい。
本態様の培地は、上記成分に加えて、他の成分を含んでいてもよい。他の成分としては、例えば、JAK阻害剤が挙げられる。
本態様の培地は、JAK阻害剤を含んでいてもよい。JAK阻害剤は、ヤヌスキナーゼ(Janus kinase)ファミリー(例えば、JAK1、JAK2、JAK3、TYK2)の1種類以上の酵素の活性を阻害する物質である。JAK阻害剤は、ヤヌスキナーゼファミリーの酵素活性を阻害することにより、JAK-STAT系のシグナル伝達を阻害する。培地が、GSK-3β阻害剤、ROCK阻害剤、並びにFGF9阻害剤及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも線維芽細胞増殖因子に加えて、JAK阻害剤を含むことで、ネフロン前駆細胞の増殖がより促進される。JAK阻害剤は、ヤヌスキナーゼファミリーの酵素の活性を阻害できるものである限り、特に限定されない。JAK阻害剤は、JAK1、JAK2、及びJAK3からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の酵素活性を阻害するものが好ましく、JAK2の酵素活性を阻害するもの(JAK2阻害剤)がより好ましい。
本発明の第2の態様は、前記第1の態様の培地でネフロン前駆細胞を培養する工程を含む、ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法である。
培養は、接着培養でもよく、浮遊培養でもよいが、浮遊培養が好ましい。
(A)前記第1の態様の培地でネフロン前駆細胞を30~60時間培養する工程;及び
(B)前記工程(A)で得られた細胞を、GSK-3β阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の線維芽細胞増殖因子を含み、且つROCK阻害剤を含まない培地で培養する工程。
(C)工程(B)で得られた細胞を、第1の態様の培地に継代する工程。
(D)前記工程(C)で継代した細胞を、第1の態様の培地で30~60時間培養する工程;及び
(E)前記工程(D)で得られた細胞を、GSK-3β阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の線維芽細胞増殖因子を含み、且つROCK阻害剤を含まない培地で培養する工程。
(i)多能性幹細胞を、FGF2、BMP4、GSK-3β阻害剤及びレチノイン酸又はその誘導体を含む培地で培養する工程;
(ii)前記工程(i)で得られた細胞を、FGF2、GSK-3β阻害剤及びBMP7を含む培地で培養する工程;
(iii)前記工程(ii)で得られた細胞を、GSK-3β阻害剤、BMP7及びTGFβ阻害剤を含み、且つFGF2を含まない培地で培養する工程;
(iv)前記工程(iii)で得られた細胞を、FGF2、GSK-3β阻害剤、アクチビン及びROCK阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程;
(v)前記工程(iv)で得られた細胞を、レチノイン酸又はその誘導体を含み、且つFGF9を含まない培地で培養する工程;及び
(vi)前記工程(v)で得られた細胞を、GSK-3β阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の線維芽細胞増殖因子を含む培地で培養し、中間中胚葉細胞からネフロン前駆細胞を誘導する工程。
この工程では、多能性幹細胞から後期後方エピブラストが誘導される。後期後方エピブラストは、CDX1、OCT4、NANOG、E-CADHERIN(CDH1)の少なくとも1つ以上のマーカーが陽性である細胞として特徴づけられ、好ましくはこれらすべてのマーカーが陽性である細胞として特徴づけられる。後期後方エピブラストはさらに、EOMES及びBRACHYURYが陰性であることが好ましい。
工程(i)で用いるレチノイン酸又はその誘導体の濃度としては、例えば、1~100nMが挙げられ、好ましくは、5~50nM、より好ましくは、5~25nMである。
この工程では、後期後方エピブラストから中胚葉系譜原始線条が誘導される。中胚葉系譜原始線条は、CDX1及びBRACHYURYが陽性である細胞として特徴づけられる。中胚葉系譜原始線条はさらに、OCT4、NANOG及びCDH1が陰性であることが好ましい。
工程(ii)で用いられるBMP7の濃度としては、例えば、0.1~100ng/mlが挙げられ、好ましくは、0.5~50ng/ml、より好ましくは、0.5~5ng/mlである。
この工程では、中胚葉系譜原始線条から中胚葉系譜後期原始線条が誘導される。中胚葉系譜後期原始線条は、CDX2及びBRACHYURYが陽性である細胞として特徴づけられる。
工程(iii)で用いられるTGFβ阻害剤の濃度は、ALKを阻害する濃度であれば特に限定されない。TGFβ阻害剤の濃度としては、TGFβ阻害剤がA83-01である場合、例えば、0.5~100μMが挙げられ、好ましくは、1~50μM、さらに好ましくは、5~25μMである。
この工程では、中胚葉系譜後期原始線条から後腎系譜後期原始線条が誘導される。後腎系譜後期原始線条は、HOX11及びBRACHYURYが陽性である細胞として特徴づけられる。
この工程では、後腎系譜後期原始線条から後期後方中間中胚葉が誘導される。中間中胚葉は、OSR1、HOX11およびWT1が陽性である細胞として特徴づけられる。
好ましいBMP阻害剤としてはNOGGINが挙げられる。工程(v)で用いられるBMP阻害剤の濃度としては、BMP阻害剤がNOGGINである場合、例えば、1~100ng/mlが挙げられ、好ましくは。10~50ng/mlである。
この工程では、後期後方中間中胚葉からネフロン前駆細胞が誘導される。ネフロン前駆細胞は、OSR1が陽性であり、かつHOX11、WT1、SIX2及びSALL1が陽性である。
工程(vi)で用いられるヘパリンの濃度としては、例えば、0.01~100μg/mlが挙げられ、好ましくは、0.05~50μg/ml、より好ましくは、0.1~10μg/mlである。
本発明の第3の態様は、腎臓オルガノイドの製造方法である。本態様の腎臓オルガノイドの製造方法は、前記第2の態様の方法により、ネフロン前駆培養を拡大培養する工程(拡大培養工程)と、前記拡大培養したネフロン前駆細胞を腎臓オルガノイドに分化させる工程(分化工程)と、を含む。
拡大培養工程は、前記第2の態様の方法により行う。本工程により、分化能を維持したまま、ネフロン前駆細胞を所望の数まで良好に増殖させることができる。
ネフロン前駆細胞から腎臓オルガノイドへの分化は、公知の方法により行うことができる。例えば、Nature,526,564-568(2015)で報告されている方法等を用いることができる。例えば、前記拡大培養工程で得られたネフロン前駆細胞の細胞塊を、3T3-Wnt4細胞などのフィーダー細胞、マウス胎仔脊髄細胞、又はマウス胎仔腎細胞と共培養してもよい。あるいは、ネフロン前駆細胞の細胞塊を、GSK-3β阻害剤を含む基礎培地を使用した半気相培養(好ましくは、気相-液相培養;Nature,526,564-568(2015)参照)で培養してもよい。前記半気相培養で使用する培地は、GSK-3β阻害剤に加えて、FGF9及びFGF2等を含んでいてもよい。基礎培地、GSK-3β阻害剤、FGF2としては、上記と同様のものが挙げられる。好ましい基礎培地としてはKSRが挙げられる。好ましいGSK-3β阻害剤としてはCHIR99021が挙げられる。好ましいFGF2としてはヒトFGF2が挙げられる。好ましいFGF9としては、ヒトFGF9が挙げられる。ヒトFGF9としては、例えば、NCBIアクセッション番号:NP_002001.1のアミノ酸配列を有するタンパク質が挙げられる。FGF9は腎臓オルガノイドへの分化誘導活性を有する限りその断片及び機能的改変体が包含される。FGF9は市販されているものを使用してもよいし、細胞から精製されたタンパク質や遺伝子組み換えで生産されたタンパク質を使用してもよい。前記において、FGF9は、FGF20に代替してもよい。あるいは、FGF9及びFGF20を併用してもよい。
本態様の製造方法は、上記工程に加えて、他の工程を含んでいてもよい。他の工程としては、例えば、前記拡大培養工程の前に、多能性幹細胞からネフロン前駆細胞を誘導する工程が挙げられる。多能性幹細胞からのネフロン前駆細胞の誘導は、公知の方法により行うことができる。
本発明は、前記第2の態様の方法で得られたネフロン前駆細胞又は前記第3の態様の製造方法で得られた腎臓オルガノイドを含む医薬組成物もまた提供する。本発明は、前記ネフロン前駆細胞又は前記腎臓オルガノイドを含む腎疾患治療剤もまた提供する。本発明は、前記ネフロン前駆細胞又は前記腎臓オルガノイドの治療有効量を、腎疾患を有する対象又は腎疾患のリスクを有する対象に投与する工程を含む、腎疾患を治療又は予防する方法もまた提供する。本発明は、前記第1の態様の培地でネフロン前駆細胞を培養する工程を含む、腎疾患治療用細胞の製造方法もまた提供する。
<動物実験>
全ての動物実験は、京都大学動物実験委員会の承認を得て行った。NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J マウスは、日本チャールス・リバー株式会社から購入した。京都大学iPS細胞研究所の実験動物施設で、特定病原体フリー(SPF)条件で飼育した。マウスには、餌及び水を自由給餌した。
健常人由来ヒトiPS細胞株である4A6株(201B7由来)を国際公開第2018/216743号に記載の方法を用いて24ウェルプレート上でヒトiPS細胞由来NPCに分化誘導後、Accumax 100μLを添加し30分間、37℃、CO2 5%のインキュベーターに静置した。30分後、10%FBS 900μLで懸濁した。懸濁した細胞をTC20で細胞数を測定し、フローサイトメトリーに必要な細胞を1.5mlチューブに移し、200gで5分間遠心した。遠心後、上清を除去して、1.0x106cellsに対して、2%FBS 100μLの比率となるように懸濁した。
上記のように誘導したhNPCを懸濁した2%FBS 100μLに対して、蛍光物質であるAPCが接合されたhuman-HGFR/c-MET抗体(R&D systems,FAB 3582A)10μLを添加し、氷上で30分静置した。30分後、200gで5分間遠心し、上清を除去した後、1mLのPBSで洗浄し、再び、200gで5分間遠心し、上清を除去した。この操作を2回行った。上清を除いた細胞を、DAPIを1,000倍で希釈した2%FBSに懸濁し、40μmのFilterに通した後、フローサイトメトリーを用いて、c-MET陽性の細胞を抽出した。
拡大培養用の試験培地として、hNPSR培地、CFY培地、及びCFY培地にDMSO若しくはDMSOに溶解したJAK阻害剤(JAK2阻害剤:TG101348(最終濃度3nM))を添加した培地を用いた。
hNPCを、各ウェルあたり2.0x104cellsとなるように、50μLの試験培地で懸濁し、低接着96ウェルプレート(Nunc)に播種し、300gで3分間遠心して、37℃、CO2 5%のインキュベーターで静置培養した。静置培養開始6時間後には細胞塊が形成された。
試験培地で培養したヒトiPS細胞由来NPC(hNPC)の細胞塊を1.5mlチューブに移し、上清を完全に取り除き、Accumax(Innovative Cell Technologies, Inc.)30μLを添加し、37℃、CO2 5%のインキュベーターで10分静置した。10分後に、470μLの10%FBSで懸濁し、TC20(Bio-Rad)で細胞数を測定した。低接着96ウェルプレート(Nunc)に、各ウェルあたり2.0x104cellsのヒトiPS細胞由来NPCを、試験培地で懸濁し播種した。細胞を播種したLow-attachment 96ウェルプレートを300gで3分間遠心して、37℃、CO2 5%のインキュベーターで静置培養した。静置培養開始48時間後に、試験培地を100μLずつそれぞれのウェルに追加投与した。培地の追加投与後48時間で、上記と同様の操作を行い、細胞数の測定と継代を行った。
試験培地で、継代培養したhNPCの細胞塊を、Transwell(Corning)にのせ、周囲の培地を除去した。次に、あらかじめ、200ng/mLのFGF2及び5μMのCHIR99021を添加した5%KSR(Knock-out serum replacement)(Thermo Fisher Scientific)で満たした培養皿に、細胞塊がのったTranswellをセットした。48時間後に、成長因子及び低分子化合物の添加されていない5%KSRに培地交換した。以後、48時間毎に、成長因子及び低分子化合物の添加されていない5%KSRで培地交換し、分化培養開始10日目に、Transwellのまま4%PFAを用いて4℃で3時間固定した。固定後、PBSに置換し、4℃で一晩静置し、免疫染色を行った。
OSR1遺伝子座にGFPコード領域を導入したOSR1-GFPレポーター遺伝子を有し、且つSIX2遺伝子にtdTomatoコード領域を連結したSIX2-tdTomatoレポーター遺伝子が導入されたヒトiPS細胞を樹立した。OSR1及びSIX2の発現は、前記ヒトiPS細胞を用いて培養試験を行い、GFP及びtdTomatoの各蛍光を蛍光顕微鏡で検出することで確認した。
腎臓オルガノイドの明視野画像を、KEYENCE BZ-X700又は共焦点顕微鏡(Zeiss LSM710)で撮影した。画像解析は、Image J version 1.51j8(National Institutes of Health)を用いて行った(C.A.Schneider,et al.,Nat Methods.9(2012)671-675.)。
8~12週齢のオスのNOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J マウス(以下「NOD-SCIDマウス」という)に対して、生理食塩水で1mg/mLに調整したシスプラチンを、21mg/kgの投与量で皮下注射し、シスプラチン誘発性急性腎障害(AKI)モデルを作製した。シスプラチン投与24時間後に、イソフルランで全身麻酔下のNOD-SCIDマウスの左下背側部を約1cm皮膚切開し、続いて、後腹膜を約1cm切開することで左腎を体外に露出した。露出した腎臓に、24ゲージのサーフロー留置針を穿刺し、腎被膜下に外筒を留置した。外筒を介してシリンジで空気を送気又は生理食塩水を注入することで、腎被膜と腎実質を剥離した。続いて24ゲージのサーフロー留置針の外筒を抜去し、同じ穿刺部位から、CFY培地で1継代又は2継代拡大培養したhNPC(Bulk)の細胞塊(約3.0 x 106細胞相当)を、吸引した22ゲージのサーフロー留置針の外筒を挿入し、ゆっくりと細胞を注入した(細胞移植)。生食群では、hNPC(Bulk)の代わりに、15μLの生理食塩水を腎被膜下に注入した。
細胞を注入後、22ゲージのサーフロー留置針の外筒を抜去し、穿刺部位から細胞の流出及び出血がないことを確認後、露出した腎臓を後腹膜内に戻し、後腹膜及び皮膚を4-0ブレードシルク縫合糸で縫合した。
シスプラチン投与96時間後(細胞移植72時間後)に、眼下静脈叢より100~200μLの採血を行い、遠心分離して血清を得た。続いて、遠心分離して得られた血清を用いて、富士ドライケムNX500で、血清クレアチニン(S-Cre)及び血中尿素窒素(BUN)を測定した。
CFY培地及びhNPSR培地を用いてhNPC(Bulk)の継代培養を行い、培養細胞について、細胞増殖、NPCマーカーの発現、及び腎オルガノイド形成能を確認した。
hNPSR培地又はCFY培地を用いて、hNPC(Bulk)の継代培養を行い、各継代培養において、NPCマーカーであるSIX2及びOSR1の発現が維持されるかを確認した。
hNPSR培地又はCFY培地を用いて継代培養したhNPC(Bulk)から腎臓オルガノイドの作製を試みた。
hNPSR培地又はCFY培地にDMSOを添加した培地を用いてhNPC(Bulk)の継代培養を行い、細胞数を測定した。
CFY培地にJAK阻害剤を添加した培地を用いてhNPC(Bulk)の継代培養を行い、培養細胞について、細胞増殖、NPCマーカーの発現、及び腎オルガノイド形成能を確認した。
CFY培地にDMSOを添加した培地又はCFY培地に3nMのTG101348(JAK2阻害剤)を添加した培地を用いてhNPC(Bulk)の培養を行い、細胞数を測定した。
CFY培地にDMSOを添加した培地、又はCFY培地に3nMのTG101348(JAK2阻害剤)を添加した培地を用いて、hNPC(Bulk)の継代培養を行い、各継代培養において、NPCマーカーであるOSR1及びSIX2の発現が維持されるかを確認した。
CFY培地にDMSOを添加した培地、又はCFY培地に3nMのTG101348(JAK2阻害剤)を添加した培地を用いてhNPC(Bulk)の継代培養を行い、2継代目の細胞から腎臓オルガノイドの作製を試みた。
CFY培地にJAK阻害剤を添加した培地を用いてhNPC(c-MET(+))の継代培養を行い、培養細胞について、細胞増殖、NPCマーカーの発現、及び腎オルガノイド形成能を確認した。
CFY培地にDMSOを添加した培地又はCFY培地に3nMのTG101348(JAK2阻害剤)を添加した培地を用いてhNPC(c-MET(+))の継代培養を行い、細胞数を測定して累積細胞数を算出した。
CFY培地にDMSOを添加した培地、又はCFY培地に3nMのTG101348(JAK2阻害剤)を添加した培地を用いて、hNPC(c-MET(+))の継代培養を行い、各継代培養において、NPCマーカーであるOSR1及びSIX2の発現が維持されるかを確認した。
CFY培地にDMSOを添加した培地、又はCFY培地に3nMのTG101348(JAK2阻害剤)を添加した培地を用いてhNPC(c-MET(+))の継代培養を行い、1継代目の細胞から腎臓オルガノイドの作製を試みた。
CFY培地で拡大培養したhNPC(Bulk)の細胞塊を、AKIマウスの腎被膜下に移植し、hNPC(Bulk)による治療効果を確認した。
<分化誘導法A>
1.未分化hiPSC細胞をaccutase処理にて単細胞化した後に10μMのY-27632および1.25 μL iMatrix(ニッピ)を添加した500 μLのAK02N培地(味の素)に懸濁し、24wellプレートに1.0×104細胞/well~5.0×104細胞/wellの密度で播種し24時間37℃でインキュベート。
2.24時間後(day1)にB27(B-27 Supplement,minus vitamin A、Invitrogen)を添加したDMEM/F12 Glutamax(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.)を基礎培地とし、1μM CHIR99021、10nM レチノイン酸、1ng/ml BMP4、100ng/ml FGF2を添加した培地で培地交換。(後期後方エピブラストの作製・・・1)
3.Day2に同基礎培地に、3μM CHIR99021、1ng/ml BMP7、100ng/ml FGF2 を添加した培地に培地交換 (中胚葉系譜原始線条の作製・・・2)
4.Day3に同基礎培地に、3μM CHIR99021、1ng/ml BMP7、100ng/ml FGF2、10μM A83-01を添加した培地に培地交換(中胚葉系譜後期原始線条の作製・・・3)
5.Day4、Day5、Day6に同基礎培地に、3μM CHIR99021、1ng/ml BMP7、100ng/ml FGF2、10ng/ml アクチビン、30μM Y-27632を添加した培地に培地交換(後腎系譜後期原始線条の作製・・・4)
6.Day7、Day8に、同基礎培地に200ng/ml FGF9、100nM レチノイン酸、25ng/ml NOGGINを添加した培地に培地交換(後期後方中間中胚葉の作製・・・5)
7.Day9、Day10、Day11に、同基礎培地に200ng/ml FGF9、1μM CHIR99021を添加した培地に培地交換(腎前駆細胞(ネフロン前駆細胞)の作製・・・6)
以下のプロトコールにてヒトiPS細胞(hiPSC)からhNPCが分化誘導されるか検討した。hiPSCは201B7由来のOSR1-GFP/SIX2-tdTomatoレポーターヒトiPS細胞を使用した。
1.未分化hiPSCをTrypLE Select Enzyme(Gibco)処理にて単細胞化した後にB27を添加したDMEM/F12 Glutamax(Invitrogen)を基礎培地とし、1μM CHIR99021、10nM レチノイン酸、1ng/ml BMP4、100ng/ml、FGF2、10μM Y-27632、iMatrix-511(Nippi)を添加した培地で、1.0×104細胞/well~5.0×104細胞/wellの密度で播種し24時間37℃でインキュベート。(後期後方エピブラストの作製:工程1)
2.Day1に、同基礎培地に5μM CHIR99021、1ng/ml BMP7、100ng/ml FGF2を添加した培地に培地交換(中胚葉系譜原始線条の作製:工程2)
3.Day2に、同基礎培地に5μM CHIR99021、1ng/ml BMP7、100ng/ml FGF2、10μM A83-01を添加した培地に培地交換(中胚葉系譜後期原始線条の作製:工程3)
4.Day3に、同基礎培地に5μM CHIR99021、100ng/ml FGF2、1ng/ml BMP7、10ng/ml アクチビンA、30μM Y-27632を添加した培地に培地交換(後腎系譜後期原始線条の作製:工程4)
5.Day6に、同基礎培地に100nM レチノイン酸、200ng/ml FGF9、25ng/ml Nogginを添加した培地に培地交換(後期後方中間中胚葉の作製:工程5)
6.Day8に、同基礎培地に1μM CHIR99021、200ng/ml FGF9を添加した培地に培地交換(hNPCの作製:工程6)
前記分化誘導法Bのプロトコールに従って、hiPSCからhNPCを分化誘導した。
また、前記分化誘導法Bの3(中胚葉系譜後期原始線条の作製:工程3)において、100ng/ml FGF2に替えて、30ng/ml FGF2;又は10ng/ml FGF2とし、さらに前記分化誘導法Bの4(後腎系譜後期原始線条の作製:工程4)において、100ng/ml FGF2に替えて、30ng/ml FGF2としたたこと以外は、分化誘導法Bと同様の方法で、hiPSCからhNPCを分化誘導した。
前記分化誘導法Bのプロトコールに従って、hiPSCからhNPCを分化誘導した。
また、前記分化誘導法Bの5(後期後方中間中胚葉の作製:工程5)において、200ng/ml FGF9に替えて、100ng/ml FGF9;100ng/ml FGF9及び0.18U/ml(1μg/mL) ヘパリン;25ng/ml FGF9;25ng/ml FGF9及び0.18U/ml(1μg/mL) ヘパリン;10ng/ml FGF9;10ng/ml FGF9及び0.18U/ml(1μg/mL) ヘパリン;又は0ng/ml FGF9とし、さらに前記分化誘導法Bの4(後腎系譜後期原始線条の作製:工程4)において、100ng/ml FGF2に替えて、30ng/ml FGF2としたこと以外は、分化誘導法Bと同様の方法で、hiPSCからhNPCを分化誘導した。
前記分化誘導方法Bのプロトコールに従って、hiPSCからhNPCを分化誘導した。
また、前記分化誘導法Bの2~6において、基礎培地として、10%若しくは20% AS401(StemFit(登録商標) for Differentiation、味の素ヘルシーサプライ株式会社)を添加したDMEM/F12 Glutamaxを用い、さらに前記分化誘導法Bの3(中胚葉系譜後期原始線条の作製:工程3)において、100ng/ml FGF2に替えて、0ng/ml FGF2とし、さらに前記分化誘導法Bの4(後腎系譜後期原始線条の作製:工程4)において、100ng/ml FGF2に替えて、30ng/ml FGF2とし、さらに前記分化誘導法Bの5(後期後方中間中胚葉の作製:工程5)において、200ng/ml FGF9に替えて、0ng/ml FGF9とし、前記分化誘導法Bの6(hNPCの作製:工程6)において、200ng/ml FGF9に替えて、100ng/ml FGF9及び0.18U/ml(1μg/mL) ヘパリンとしたこと以外は、分化誘導法Bと同様の方法で、hiPSCからhNPCを分化誘導した。
hiPSCとして、臨床用hiPSCストック株を用いたこと以外は、実施例8と同様に、hNPCを分化誘導した(分化誘導法B)。本実施例では、基礎培地として、B27、若しくは10% AS401を添加したDMEM/F12 Glutamaxを用いた。
図18に示す条件で、hiPSCからhNPCを分化誘導した(以下、「分化誘導法C」という)。基礎培地は、10% AS401を添加したDMEM/F12 Glutamaxを用いた。Small scaleでは、Stage 1で24wellプレート(greiner bio-one,662160)にiPS細胞を播種し、Stage4の1日目終了後に24wellプレートに細胞を再播種した。Stage6の2日目終了後に、hNPCを回収し、低接着96 well plate(PrimeSurface プレート 96U(住友ベークライト株式会社、MS-9096U))を用いてCFY培地で拡大培養した。Large scaleでは、Stage 1でT150フラスコ又はT75フラスコ(Iwaki)にiPS細胞を播種し、Stage4の1日目終了後に512cm2プレート(住友ベークライト、接着細胞培養ピールオフ培養容器512、 MS-28500)に細胞を再播種した。Stage6の2日目終了後に、hNPCを回収し、低接着96wellプレートを用いてCFY培地で拡大培養した。
分化誘導法C(Large)で、hiPSCからhNPCを分化誘導した。基礎培地は、10%AS401を添加したDMEM/F12 Glutamaxを用いた。
図22は、Stage 6後のhNPCのSIX2発現を免疫染色にて確認した蛍光画像を示す。
拡大培養において、添加物の影響を比較するために、B27に替えて10% AS401を添加したCFY培地(CFY培地(-B27,+10% AS401)、又はB27に替えて20% AS401を添加したCFY培地(CFY培地(-B27,+20% AS401)、及びCFY培地を調製した。
図24に、増殖率を示す。hNPCは、CFY培地(-B27,+10% AS401)で最も良好な増殖率を示した。
これらの結果から、CFY培地(-B27,+10% AS401)が、hNPCの拡大培養に最も適していると考えられた。
分化誘導法C(Small)で、hiPSCからhNPCを分化誘導した。基礎培地は、10% AS401を添加したDMEM/F12 Glutamaxを用いた。Stage 6後のhNPCを回収し、低接着96wellプレートを用いて、CFY培地、CFY培地(-B27,+10% AS401)、又はCFY培地(-B27,+20% AS401)で拡大培養した。
拡大培養7日目のhNPCの細胞塊3×106 cells相当を、AKIマウスの腎被膜下に移植し、hNPCによる治療効果を確認した。
分化誘導法C(Small)で、hiPSCからhNPCを分化誘導した。基礎培地は、10%AS401を添加したDMEM/F12 Glutamaxを用いた。Stage 6後のhNPCを回収し、低接着96wellプレートを用いて、CFY培地、又はCFY培地(-B27,+10% AS401)で拡大培養した。
CFY培地におけるFGF9の効果を確認するため、CFY培地のFGF9に替えて300ng/mlのFGF2を添加した培地(CFY培地(-FGF9,+FGF2))を調製した。
分化誘導法AにてhiPSCからhNPCを分化誘導した。基礎培地は、B27(B-27 Supplement,minus vitamin A、Invitrogen)を添加したDMEM/F12 Glutamaxを用いた。Stage 6後のhNPCを回収し、低接着96wellプレートを用いて、CFY培地又はCFY培地(-FGF9,+FGF2)で拡大培養した。
CFY培地又はCFY培地(-FGF9,+FGF2)を用いて拡大培養したhNPCから腎臓オルガノイドへの分化誘導を行った。
結果を図29に示す。FGF9を含む培地で拡大培養した方が、腎臓オルガノイド(色が薄い部分)の面積が増加しており、腎臓オルガノイドの形成が良好であった。
CFY培地におけるROCK阻害剤(Y-27632)の効果を確認するため、CFY培地からROCK阻害剤を除いた培地(CF培地)を調製した。
CFY培地で維持していたhNPCをCFY培地に継代した。継代2日後に、CFY培地又はCF培地に培地交換(1回目培地交換)した。次いで、1回目培地交換から2日後に、CFY培地又はCF培地にさらに培地交換(2回目培地交換)した。2回目培地交換から2日後に、CFY培地に継代した。このサイクルで3継代まで継代培養した。
結果を図30及び図31に示す。継代から2日後以降の培地がCF培地(CFY→CF)及びCFY培地(CFY→CFY)のいずれであっても、NPCマーカーの発現に影響しなかった。
CFY培地で維持していたhNPCをCFY培地に継代した。継代2日後に、CFY培地又はCF培地に培地交換(1回目培地交換)した。次いで、2日後に、CFY培地又はCF培地にさらに培地交換(2回目培地交換)した。2回目培地交換から2日後に、CFY培地に継代した。このサイクルで3継代まで継代培養した。
結果を図32(継代数1)及び図33(継代数2)に示す。DAPI染色されなかった生細胞の総細胞数における、フローサイトメトリーで測定した各細胞群(OSR1(+)SIX2(+),OSR1(+)SIX2(-),c-MET(+))の割合に合わせた細胞数で示した。継代から2日後以降の培地がCF培地(CFY→CF)及びCFY培地(CFY→CFY)のいずれであっても、NPCマーカーの発現に影響しなかった。
CFY培地で維持していたhNPCをCFY培地に継代した。継代2日後に、CFY培地又はCF培地に培地交換(1回目培地交換)した。次いで、2日後に、CFY培地又はCF培地にさらに培地交換(2回目培地交換)した。2回目培地交換から2日後に、CFY培地に継代した。このサイクルで2継代まで継代培養した。
CFY培地で維持していたhNPCをCFY培地に継代した。継代2日後に、CFY培地又はCF培地に培地交換(1回目培地交換)した。次いで、2日後に、CFY培地又はCF培地にさらに培地交換(2回目培地交換)した。2回目培地交換から2日後に、CFY培地に継代した。このサイクルで1継代まで継代培養した。
Claims (22)
- GSK-3β阻害剤、ROCK阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の線維芽細胞増殖因子を含む、
ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養するための培地。 - JAK阻害剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養するための培地。
- 前記JAK阻害剤が、JAK2阻害剤である、請求項2に記載の培地。
- 前記JAK2阻害剤が、TG101348である、請求項3に記載の培地。
- 前記GSK-3β阻害剤が、CHIR99021である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 前記ROCK阻害剤が、Y-27632である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 前記培地の容量全体に対し、10容量%のAS401をさらに含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 前記ネフロン前駆細胞が、ヒトのネフロン前駆細胞である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 前記ネフロン前駆細胞が、多能性幹細胞から誘導されたネフロン前駆細胞である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の培地。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、iPS細胞である、請求項9に記載の培地。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の培地でネフロン前駆細胞を培養する工程を含む、ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
- 前記ネフロン前駆細胞を培養する工程が、前記ネフロン前駆細胞を継代培養することを含む、請求項11に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
- (A)請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の培地でネフロン前駆細胞を30~60時間培養する工程と、
(B)前記工程(A)で得られた細胞を、GSK-3β阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の線維芽細胞増殖因子を含み、且つROCK阻害剤を含まない培地で培養する工程と、
を含む、ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。 - (C)前記工程(B)で得られた細胞を、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の培地に継代する工程をさらに含む、請求項13に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
- (D)前記工程(C)で継代した細胞を、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の培地で30~60時間培養する工程と、
(E)前記工程(D)で得られた細胞を、GSK3β阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の線維芽細胞増殖因子を含み、且つROCK阻害剤を含まない培地で培養する工程と、
をさらに含む、請求項14に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。 - 前記ネフロン前駆細胞が、ヒトのネフロン前駆細胞である、請求項11~15のいずれか一項に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
- 前記ネフロン前駆細胞が、多能性幹細胞から誘導されたネフロン前駆細胞である、請求項11~16のいずれか一項に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、iPS細胞である、請求項17に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
- 前記ネフロン前駆細胞が、下記工程(i)~(vi)を含む方法により得られたネフロン前駆細胞である、請求項17又は18に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法:
(i)多能性幹細胞を、FGF2、BMP4、GSK-3β阻害剤及びレチノイン酸又はその誘導体を含む培地で培養する工程;
(ii)前記工程(i)で得られた細胞を、FGF2、GSK-3β阻害剤及びBMP7を含む培地で培養する工程;
(iii)前記工程(ii)で得られた細胞を、GSK-3β阻害剤、BMP7及びTGFβ阻害剤を含み、且つFGF2を含まない培地で培養する工程;
(iv)前記工程(iii)で得られた細胞を、FGF2、GSK-3β阻害剤、アクチビン及びROCK阻害剤を含む培地で培養する工程;
(v)前記工程(iv)で得られた細胞を、レチノイン酸又はその誘導体を含み、且つFGF9を含まない培地で培養する工程;並びに
(vi)前記工程(v)で得られた細胞を、GSK-3β阻害剤、並びにFGF9及びFGF20からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の線維芽細胞増殖因子を含む培地で培養する工程。 - 前記工程(iv)で用いる培地が、BMP7を含まない培地である、請求項19に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
- 前記工程(i)~(vi)の少なくとも1つの工程を、細胞接着面が400cm2以上である培養容器を用いて行う、請求項19又は20に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法。
- 請求項11~21のいずれか一項に記載のネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する方法により、ネフロン前駆細胞を拡大培養する工程と、
前記拡大培養したネフロン前駆細胞を腎臓オルガノイドに分化させる工程と、
を含む、腎臓オルガノイドの製造方法。
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