WO2022142999A1 - 一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置及其施工方法 - Google Patents

一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置及其施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022142999A1
WO2022142999A1 PCT/CN2021/135214 CN2021135214W WO2022142999A1 WO 2022142999 A1 WO2022142999 A1 WO 2022142999A1 CN 2021135214 W CN2021135214 W CN 2021135214W WO 2022142999 A1 WO2022142999 A1 WO 2022142999A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
load
pile
beams
bearing
pier
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PCT/CN2021/135214
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
庞卫
朱孟艳
窦晗
宋磊
祁仲谦
张涛
李军
赵建民
李萧军
王亮
Original Assignee
中铁一局集团有限公司
中铁一局集团有限公司第三工程分公司
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Application filed by 中铁一局集团有限公司, 中铁一局集团有限公司第三工程分公司 filed Critical 中铁一局集团有限公司
Priority to JP2023547738A priority Critical patent/JP2023546279A/ja
Publication of WO2022142999A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022142999A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/10—Deep foundations
    • E02D27/12—Pile foundations

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of bridge water surface pile-tie beams, and in particular relates to a hoisting device for bridge water surface pile-tie beams and a construction method thereof.
  • the pile-tie beam is a horizontal connection beam structure located at the top of the pile foundation (the bottom of the pier column), which mainly increases the overall stiffness of the pile foundation, so that the two pile foundations are connected into a whole, and the joint force bears the upper load.
  • the existing technology adopts construction methods such as cofferdams and steel casings based on the difference in the elevation and position of the pile tie beams.
  • the construction process of the water surface tie beam is also affected by the land construction process. The construction environment is changed through cofferdams, steel casings, etc., and methods such as hoop and bracket are still selected. Due to many underwater operations near the water surface, the construction process is complicated, the investment cost of the turnover formwork is high, the construction efficiency is low, it is not conducive to the protection of water resources, and the construction safety risk is high.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to aim at the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, and to provide a hoisting device for the pile-tie beam on the bridge water surface, which has a reasonable design, realizes the hoisting of the pile-tie beam construction template, and then completes the concrete pouring of the pile-tie beam.
  • Construction the construction operation is convenient and the construction process is few, the construction turnover formwork has a short service period, the required mechanical configuration requirements are low, and the input cost is low. It also avoids problems such as river pollution caused by the bottom cover in the water, and effectively adapts to the construction of bridge water surface pile-tie beams.
  • a hoisting device for a bridge water surface pile tie beam which is characterized in that: it comprises a hoisting point support arranged on a construction work platform, and is connected with the hoisting point support The load-bearing mechanism, and the pile-tie beam-timber formwork arranged on the load-bearing mechanism, a hoisting component is arranged between the suspension point support and the load-bearing mechanism;
  • the load-bearing mechanism includes a plurality of lower longitudinal beams arranged under the suspension point supports and load-bearing beams arranged on the plurality of lower longitudinal beams, and the pile-tie beam and wood formwork includes square logs arranged on the load-bearing beams and layout bamboo plywood on square wood;
  • the hoisting component includes a hanger rod passing between the hanging point support and the lower longitudinal beam, an upper adjusting nut sleeved on the hanger rod and located on the hanging point support, and an upper adjusting nut sleeved on the hanging point support.
  • the lower locking nut on the rod and located at the bottom of the lower longitudinal beam drives the load-bearing mechanism up and down by screwing the upper adjusting nut.
  • the above-mentioned hoisting device for tie beams of bridge water surface piles is characterized in that: the construction work platform comprises steel pipe piles arranged in multiple rows, connecting beams erected on the multiple rows of the steel pipe piles, and connecting beams erected on the connection beams.
  • the construction work platform comprises steel pipe piles arranged in multiple rows, connecting beams erected on the multiple rows of the steel pipe piles, and connecting beams erected on the connection beams.
  • the construction work platform comprises steel pipe piles arranged in multiple rows, connecting beams erected on the multiple rows of the steel pipe piles, and connecting beams erected on the connection beams.
  • the construction work platform comprises steel pipe piles arranged in multiple rows, connecting beams erected on the multiple rows of the steel pipe piles, and connecting beams erected on the connection beams.
  • the Bailey beam on the beam multiple rows of the steel pipe piles are arranged horizontally along the bridge. The spacing between the piles is greater than the spacing between other two adjacent steel
  • the connecting beams are connected to the tops of a plurality of the steel pipe piles, the number of the Bailey beams is multiple, and the multiple groups of the Bailey beams are arranged along the length direction of the connecting beams, and each group of the Bailey beams includes Bailey beams on both sides of the steel pipe piles, Bailey beams are arranged laterally along the bridge;
  • the top of the Bailey beam is provided with a plurality of support beams arranged along the length direction of the Bailey beam, and the tops of the plurality of support beams are provided with I-beams.
  • the beams are arranged along the length direction of the support beam, the length direction of the I-beam is consistent with the length direction of the Bailey beam, the I-beam is provided with a tread plate, and a guardrail is arranged on one side of the tread plate.
  • the above-mentioned hoisting device for a bridge water surface pile tie beam is characterized in that: the hanging point support comprises a first hanging point support and a second hanging point support arranged on both sides of the pier pile foundation, the first hanging point support The distance between the suspension point support and the second suspension point support is greater than the outer diameter of the pier pile foundation;
  • the number of the first hanging point supports and the second hanging point supports are multiple and correspond one-to-one, a plurality of the first hanging point supports are arranged on the first group of Bailey beams, The second suspension point supports are arranged on the second group of Bailey beams, and the first group of Bailey beams and the second group of Bailey beams are located on both sides of the pier pile foundation.
  • the above-mentioned hoisting device for a bridge water surface pile tie beam is characterized in that: the lower longitudinal beam comprises a middle lower longitudinal beam arranged between two bridge pier pile foundations and an outer lower longitudinal beam arranged outside the bridge pier pile foundation,
  • the number of the middle lower longitudinal beams is multiple, and the distance between two adjacent middle lower longitudinal beams is 0.5m to 1 m; the distance between two adjacent outer lower longitudinal beams is 0.2 m to 0.2 m. 0.5m;
  • the load-bearing beam includes a first load-bearing beam, a second load-bearing beam and a third load-bearing beam, the lengths of the first load-bearing beam, the second load-bearing beam and the third load-bearing beam are all arranged laterally along the bridge, and the first load-bearing beam and the third load-bearing beam are symmetrically arranged about the pier pile foundation, and the distance between the first load-bearing beam and the third load-bearing beam is greater than the outer diameter of the bridge pier pile foundation;
  • the second load-bearing beam includes a second middle load-bearing beam arranged between the two pier pile foundations and located on a plurality of middle lower longitudinal beams, and a second outer load-bearing beam arranged outside the pier pile foundation and located on the outer lower longitudinal beam A gap is set between one end of the second outer load-bearing beam close to the pier pile foundation and the outer side of the bridge pier pile foundation, and both ends of the second middle load-bearing beam extend close to the outer side of the pier pile foundation.
  • the above-mentioned hoisting device for a bridge water surface pile tie beam is characterized in that: an upper steel backing plate is arranged on the lifting point support, a lower steel backing plate is arranged at the bottom of the lower longitudinal beam, and the suspension rods pass through in sequence The upper adjusting nut, the upper steel backing plate, the lifting point support, the lower longitudinal beam, the lower steel backing plate and the lower locking nut.
  • the above-mentioned hoisting device for tie beams of bridge water surface piles is characterized in that: two ends of the lower longitudinal beam are provided with protective railings, and protective connecting rods are inserted between two adjacent protective railings, and the protective connecting rods are The length direction of the pier is consistent with the lateral direction of the pile foundation of the two piers.
  • the invention also discloses a construction method of bridge water surface pile-tie beam with simple method steps, reasonable design and convenient construction, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
  • Step 101 According to the positions of the two pier pile foundations, remove the I-beam, tread plate and Bailey beam above the two bridge pier pile foundations; wherein, the distance between the steel pipe piles on both sides of the bridge pier pile foundation is greater than that of the other two adjacent ones. the spacing between the steel pipe piles;
  • Step 102 Denote the Bailey beams located on both sides of the pier pile foundation as the first group of Bailey beams and the second group of Bailey beams; wherein, the first group of Bailey beams and the second group of Bailey beams both include Bailey beams on both sides of the pipe pile, Bailey beams are laid along the lateral direction of the pile foundations of the two piers;
  • Step 201 Install a plurality of first suspension point supports on the first group of Bailey beams, and install a plurality of second suspension point supports on the second group of Bailey beams; wherein, the first suspension point supports and the second suspension point supports are The spacing between the suspension point supports is larger than the outer diameter of the pier pile foundation, and the first suspension point support and the second suspension point support are symmetrically arranged with respect to the bridge pier pile foundation;
  • Step 202 Wear a hanger rod in each of the first hanging point support and the second hanging point support, and adjust the installation on the upper part of the hanger rod passing through the first hanging point support and the second hanging point support nut;
  • Step 203 setting a lower longitudinal beam under each of the first hanging point support and the second hanging point support, passing the lower part of the hanging rod through the lower longitudinal beam and installing the lower locking nut;
  • Step 204 installing a load-bearing beam on the lower longitudinal beam
  • Step 3 One lifting of the load-bearing beam:
  • Screw on the adjustment nut, and the lower part of the boom drives the lower longitudinal beam and the load-bearing beam to move upward until the top of the load-bearing beam is moved to the construction requirement level of the pile-tie beam; among them, in the process of screwing the upper adjustment nut, it fits the first suspension beam. point support and second lifting point support;
  • Step 4 Installation of pile beam and wood formwork:
  • Step 401 Install a plurality of square logs on the load-bearing beam between the two pier pile foundations; wherein, the plurality of square logs are arranged along the length direction of the load-bearing beam, and the length of the square wood is greater than the outer diameter of the bridge pier pile foundation;
  • Step 402 install bamboo plywood on a plurality of woods; wherein, the length direction of the bamboo plywood is consistent with the length direction of the load-bearing beam, and the width of the bamboo plywood is the same as the length of the square wood;
  • Step 5 Binding of the pier pile foundation reinforcement cage and the pile-tie beam reinforcement cage:
  • Step 501 tying a pile tie beam reinforcement cage between the tops of the poured pier pile foundations
  • Step 502 Continue to bind the pier pile foundation reinforcement cage on the top of the bridge pier pile foundation formed by pouring until the design elevation of the bridge pier pile foundation top; wherein, the pile tie beam reinforcement cage and the bridge pier pile foundation reinforcement cage are tightly connected as one;
  • Step 6 Secondary lifting of the load-bearing beam and the pile-tie beam-timber formwork:
  • Screw on the adjusting nut, and the lower part of the boom drives the lower longitudinal beam, the load-bearing beam and the wooden formwork of the pile-tie beam to move upward until the height of the load-bearing beam continues to move upward to meet the set value of the downward deflection; among them, in the process of screwing the upper adjusting nut Fitting the first hanging point support and the second hanging point support in the middle;
  • Step 7 Installation and concrete pouring of the steel formwork for the pier pile foundation and the steel formwork for the side of the pile beam:
  • Step 701 Symmetrically install two pile-tie beam side steel formworks on the bamboo plywood, and install the pile-tie beam top steel formwork on top of the two pile-tie beam side steel formwork to complete the installation of the pile-tie beam formwork; wherein , the spacing between the two said pile-tie beam side steel formwork meets the pile-tie beam width design requirements, the pile-tie beam side steel formwork is arranged along the length of the bamboo plywood, the pile-tie beam side steel formwork It is arranged vertically with the bamboo plywood, and there are gaps between the steel formwork at the top of the pile-tie beam, the steel formwork on the side of the pile-tie beam, and the reinforcement cage of the pile-tie beam;
  • Step 702 Set the pier pile foundation steel formwork on the top of the poured bridge pier pile foundation; wherein, an opening is provided on the bridge pier pile foundation steel formwork near the reinforcement cage of the pile tie beam, and the pile tie beam is provided with an opening. Both ends of the side steel formwork and the top steel formwork of the pile-tie beam extend to the outer side wall of the steel formwork for the pile foundation of the bridge pier;
  • Step 703 pour concrete into the pile-tie beam formwork and the bridge pier pile foundation steel formwork until the concrete reaches 100% of the design strength, complete the construction of the bridge water surface pile-tie beam, and remove the pile-tie beam formwork, the bridge pier pile foundation steel formwork and the hoisting device .
  • step 202 the first suspension point support and the second suspension point support are provided with an upper steel backing plate, and the upper end of the suspension rod is also Passing through the upper steel backing plate, the upper adjusting nut and the upper steel backing plate fit together, and the top of the boom is higher than the top of the upper adjusting nut;
  • step 203 the bottom of the lower longitudinal beam is provided with a lower steel backing plate, the lower part of the boom also passes through the lower steel backing plate, the lower locking nut and the lower steel backing plate are attached, and the bottom of the hanging rod is low. on the bottom of the lower lock nut;
  • the required elevation of the pile-tie beam construction refers to the pile-tie beam construction design elevation minus h; wherein, h represents the total thickness of the square wood and bamboo plywood;
  • the value range of the lower deflection set value in step 6 is 1.5cm ⁇ 2.5cm.
  • step 203 a lower longitudinal beam is arranged under each of the first hanging point support and the second hanging point support, and the specific process is as follows:
  • Step 2031 Arrange a plurality of middle lower longitudinal beams directly below each of the first suspension point supports and the second suspension point supports located between the pile foundations of the two bridge piers; The spacing between them is 0.5m to 1m;
  • Step 2033 Arrange a plurality of external lower longitudinal beams directly under each of the first suspension point supports and the second suspension point supports located on the outside of the pier pile foundation; wherein, the distance between two adjacent outer lower longitudinal beams is 0.2m ⁇ 0.5m; one end of the outer lower longitudinal beam and the middle lower longitudinal beam is flush with the end of the first lifting point bearing away from the pile foundation of the pier, and the other end of the outer lower longitudinal beam and the middle lower longitudinal beam is flush with the second end. The end of the suspension point support away from the pile foundation of the pier is flush.
  • step 204 a load-bearing beam is installed on the lower longitudinal beam, and the specific process is as follows:
  • Step 2041 Install a first load-bearing beam and a third load-bearing beam on a plurality of central sills and a plurality of outer sills; wherein, the first and third load-bearing beams are arranged symmetrically with respect to the pier pile foundation, so The distance between the first load-bearing beam and the third load-bearing beam is greater than the outer diameter of the pile foundation of the bridge pier;
  • Step 2042 Install a second middle load-bearing beam on a plurality of middle lower longitudinal beams, and install a second outer load-bearing beam on a plurality of outer lower longitudinal beams; wherein, the second outer load-bearing beam is close to one end of the pier pile foundation and the bridge pier A gap is set between the outer sides of the pile foundation, both ends of the second middle load-bearing beam extend close to the outer sides of the pier pile foundation, the second middle load-bearing beam and the second outer load-bearing beam form a second load-bearing beam, and the first load-bearing beam
  • the lengths of the beam, the second load-bearing beam and the third load-bearing beam are all arranged laterally along the bridge, and the second load-bearing beam is located at the center of the line connecting the first load-bearing beam and the third load-bearing beam.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the structure is simple, the design is reasonable, the construction is simple, and the input cost is low.
  • the lifting point support used is located on the construction work platform, in order to facilitate the installation of the boom and provide support for the upper end of the boom; in addition, it is to facilitate the limit of the upper adjustment nut, so as to realize the screwing of the upper adjustment nut , to avoid the lifting and moving of the upper adjusting nut.
  • the hoisting components used include a boom, an upper adjusting nut and a lower locking nut.
  • the lower locking nut is used to drive the lower part of the boom to lift by screwing the upper adjusting nut;
  • the load-bearing mechanism is installed on the boom, so that the lower part of the boom drives the lift of the load-bearing mechanism.
  • the adopted load-bearing mechanism includes a lower longitudinal beam and a load-bearing beam.
  • the lower longitudinal beam is set and the lower longitudinal beam is located directly below the suspension point support, so that the connection between the lower longitudinal beam and the suspension point support is facilitated by the suspension rod;
  • the beams are located on a plurality of the lower longitudinal beams, so that the length direction of the load-bearing beams is consistent with the lateral directions of the pile foundations of the two bridge piers, so as to facilitate the installation of the beam-timber formwork for the pile-tie beams.
  • the used upper adjusting nut is sleeved on the boom and is located on the suspension point support, so that the rotational movement of the upper adjusting nut is converted into the lifting movement of the boom, and the
  • the lifting and lowering of the pile-tie beam-wood formwork realizes the precise adjustment of the height of the pile-tie beam-wood formwork, and the adjustment components are simple, so that the required mechanical configuration requirements are low, and the input cost is low.
  • the adopted construction method of the bridge water surface pile-tie beam has the advantages of simple steps, convenient realization and simple operation, and ensures the accurate construction of the bridge water surface pile-tie beam.
  • the construction method of the bridge water surface pile-tie beam adopted is easy to operate and has good use effect. First, prepare before construction; secondly, install the hoisting device; then use the hoisting device to lift the load-bearing beam once; The installation of the formwork; then the binding of the pier pile foundation steel cage and the pile tie beam steel cage, and then the load-bearing beam and the pile tie beam wood formwork are hoisted for the second time through the hoisting device, and finally the pier pile foundation steel formwork and the pile tie beam side are carried out. The installation of the steel formwork and the concrete pouring are carried out until the concrete reaches 100% of the design strength, and the construction of the bridge water surface pile-tie beam is completed.
  • the present invention has a reasonable design, realizes the hoisting of the pile-tie beam construction formwork, and then completes the concrete pouring construction of the pile-tie beam, the construction operation is convenient and the construction process is few, the construction turnover formwork has a short service period, and the required mechanical configuration requirements are low. , the input cost is low, and it also avoids problems such as river pollution caused by the bottom cover in the water, and effectively adapts to the construction of bridge water surface pile-tie beams.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bridge water surface pile-tie beam hoisting device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the position of the load-bearing mechanism and the lifting point support of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the construction method of the bridge water surface pile-tie beam of the present invention.
  • 1 construction work platform
  • 1-1 steel pipe pile
  • 1-2 connecting beam
  • 4-1 Central lower longitudinal beam
  • 4-2 External lower longitudinal beam
  • 5 Liad-bearing beam
  • 5-1 the first load-bearing beam
  • 5-2 the second load-bearing beam
  • 5-3 the third load-bearing beam
  • a hoisting device for a bridge water surface pile tie beam includes a lifting point support set on the construction work platform 1, a load-bearing mechanism connected to the lifting point support, and a lifting point support set on the The pile-tie beam-timber formwork on the load-bearing mechanism is provided with a hoisting component between the lifting point support and the load-bearing mechanism;
  • the load-bearing mechanism includes a plurality of lower longitudinal beams 4 arranged under the hanging point supports and a plurality of load-bearing beams 5 arranged on the plurality of the lower longitudinal beams 4 , and the pile-tie beam-timber formwork includes a The square wood 6 and the bamboo plywood 7 arranged on the square wood 6;
  • the hoisting component includes a hanger rod 8 which is inserted between the hanger point support and the lower longitudinal beam 4, an upper adjusting nut 10 sleeved on the hanger rod 8 and located on the hanger point support, and The lower locking nut 12 sleeved on the hanger rod 8 and located at the bottom of the lower longitudinal beam 4 drives the load-bearing mechanism to lift and lower by screwing the upper adjusting nut 10 .
  • the construction work platform 1 includes steel pipe piles arranged in multiple rows, connecting beams 1-2 erected on the multiple rows of the steel pipe piles, and Baileys erected on the connecting beams 1-2 Beam, multiple rows of the steel pipe piles are arranged laterally along the bridge, each row of the steel pipe piles includes a plurality of steel pipe piles 1-1 arranged along the longitudinal extension direction of the bridge, and steel pipe piles located on both sides of the pier pile foundation 3 The spacing between 1-1 is greater than the spacing between other two adjacent steel pipe piles 1-1;
  • the connecting beams 1-2 are connected to the tops of a plurality of the steel pipe piles 1-1, the number of the Bailey beams is multiple groups, and the multiple groups of the Bailey beams are arranged along the length direction of the connecting beams 1-2,
  • Each group of the Bailey beams includes Bailey beams 1-3 located on both sides of the steel pipe pile 1-1, and the Bailey beams 1-3 are arranged laterally along the bridge;
  • the tops of the Bailey beams 1-3 are provided with a plurality of supporting beams 1-4 arranged along the length direction of the Bailey beams 1-3, and the tops of the plurality of supporting beams 1-4 are provided with I-beams 1-6.
  • the number of the I-beams 1-6 is multiple, and the multiple I-beams 1-6 are arranged along the length direction of the support beams 1-4, and the length direction of the I-beams 1-6 is the same as that of the Bailey beam 1.
  • the length directions are consistent, the I-beam 1-6 is provided with a tread plate 1-5, and a guardrail 1-7 is arranged on one side of the tread plate 1-5.
  • the hanging point supports include a first hanging point support 2-1 and a second hanging point support 2-2 disposed on both sides of the pier pile foundation 3, and the first hanging point support 2
  • the distance between -1 and the second lifting point support 2-2 is greater than the outer diameter of the pier pile foundation 3;
  • the number of the first hanging point supports 2-1 and the second hanging point supports 2-2 are multiple and correspond one-to-one, and a plurality of the first hanging point supports 2-1 are arranged in the first group.
  • a plurality of the second suspension point supports 2-2 are arranged on the second group of Bailey beams, and the first group of Bailey beams and the second group of Bailey beams are located on the pier pile foundation. 3 sides.
  • the lower longitudinal beam 4 includes a middle lower longitudinal beam 4-1 arranged between the two pier pile foundations 3 and an outer lower longitudinal beam 4-2 arranged outside the bridge pier pile foundation 3.
  • the number of the lower longitudinal beams 4-1 is multiple, and the distance between two adjacent middle lower longitudinal beams 4-1 is 0.5m to 1 m; between two adjacent outer lower longitudinal beams 4-2 The spacing is 0.2m ⁇ 0.5m;
  • the load-bearing beam 5 includes a first load-bearing beam 5-1, a second load-bearing beam 5-2 and a third load-bearing beam 5-3.
  • the first load-bearing beam 5-1, the second load-bearing beam 5-2 and the third load-bearing beam 5-1 The lengths of the load-bearing beams 5-3 are arranged laterally along the bridge.
  • the first load-bearing beams 5-1 and the third load-bearing beams 5-3 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the pier pile foundation 3.
  • the first load-bearing beams 5-1 and the third load-bearing beams The spacing between the load-bearing beams 5-3 is greater than the outer diameter of the pier pile foundation 3;
  • the second load-bearing beam 5-2 includes a second middle load-bearing beam arranged between the two pier pile foundations 3 and located on a plurality of middle lower longitudinal beams 4-1, and a second middle load bearing beam arranged outside the pier pile foundation 3 and located in the outer lower longitudinal beam.
  • an upper steel backing plate 9 is arranged on the suspension point support, a lower steel backing plate 11 is arranged at the bottom of the lower longitudinal beam 4, and the suspension rod 8 passes through the upper adjusting nut 10 and the upper steel washer in sequence.
  • the plate 9 , the suspension point support, the lower longitudinal beam 4 , the lower steel backing plate 11 and the lower locking nut 12 are arranged on the suspension point support, and a lower steel backing plate 11 at the bottom of the lower longitudinal beam 4, and the suspension rod 8 passes through the upper adjusting nut 10 and the upper steel washer in sequence.
  • protective railings 13 are provided at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam 4, and protective connecting rods 14 are pierced between two adjacent protective railings 13.
  • the length direction of the protective connecting rods 14 and the two bridge piers The lateral direction of the pile foundation 3 is the same.
  • the boom 8 is ⁇ 25 finish-rolled rebar.
  • the suspension point support is located on the construction work platform, in order to facilitate the installation of the suspension rod, by providing support for the upper end of the suspension rod; in addition, in order to facilitate the limit of the upper adjustment nut 10, so as to realize the upper adjustment nut 10 screw, to avoid the upper adjusting nut 10 moving up and down.
  • the hoisting component includes a hanger rod 8, an upper adjusting nut 10 and a lower locking nut 12, and the lower locking nut 12 is used to drive the load-bearing mechanism up and down by screwing the upper adjusting nut 10;
  • the nut 12 is locked so that the load-bearing mechanism is mounted on the boom 8 , so that the lift of the boom 8 drives the lift of the load-bearing mechanism.
  • the load-bearing mechanism includes a lower longitudinal beam and a load-bearing beam, and the lower longitudinal beam is arranged and the lower longitudinal beam is located below the suspension point support, so as to facilitate the connection between the lower longitudinal beam and the suspension point support through the suspension rod 8;
  • the beams are located on a plurality of the lower longitudinal beams 4, so that the length direction of the load-bearing beam is consistent with the lateral direction of the pile foundations 3 of the two bridge piers, so as to facilitate the installation of the beam-timber formwork of the pile-tie.
  • the upper adjusting nut 10 is sleeved on the hanger rod 8 and is located on the suspension point support, so that the rotational movement of the upper adjusting nut 10 is converted into the lifting movement of the hanger rod 8, and the lifting and lowering of the hanger rod 8 Drives the lifting and lowering of the pile-tie beam-timber formwork on the load-bearing beam 5 to realize precise adjustment of the height of the pile-tie beam-timber formwork, and the adjustment components are simple, so that the required mechanical configuration requirements are low, and the investment cost is low.
  • the setting of the hanging point supports includes a first hanging point support 2-1 and a second hanging point support 2-2 disposed on both sides of the pier pile foundation 3.
  • the first is for the first hanging point
  • a gap is formed between the support 2-1 and the second hanging point support 2-2, and the distance between the first hanging point support 2-1 and the second hanging point support 2-2 is larger than the pier pile foundation
  • the outer diameter of 3 is convenient to open the space above the construction, and provides operating conditions for the vertical hoisting of the lower longitudinal beam 4 and the formwork; The two ends are connected to improve the installation stability of the lower longitudinal beam 4 .
  • the load-bearing beam 5 is set to include the first load-bearing beam 5-1, the second load-bearing beam 5-2 and the third load-bearing beam 5-3, which reduces the cross-sectional size of the load-bearing beam and saves the investment in terms of materials.
  • the self-weight of the lower longitudinal beam 4 is also reduced, which is convenient for manual adjustment, and reduces the configuration of personnel and lifting equipment.
  • the distance between the steel pipe piles 1-1 on both sides of the pier pile foundation 3 is greater than the distance between the other two adjacent steel pipe piles 1-1, and the Bailey beam 1-1 is removed from the top of the bridge pier pile foundation 3 3.
  • the I-beams 1-6 and the tread plates 1-5, thereby leaving the upper space of the pile-tie beam provide conditions for synchronizing the installation of the hoisting device, the overall hoisting of the load-bearing mechanism and the pile-tie beam formwork, and From water work to platform work, the efficiency is improved and the construction period is shortened.
  • a construction method of a bridge water surface pile-tie beam includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 According to the positions of the two pier pile foundations 3, remove the I-beams 1-6, the tread plates 1-5 and the Bailey beams 1-3 above the two bridge pier pile foundations 3; The spacing between the side steel pipe piles 1-1 is greater than the spacing between the other two adjacent steel pipe piles 1-1;
  • Step 102 Denote the Bailey beams located on both sides of the pier pile foundation 3 as the first group of Bailey beams and the second group of Bailey beams; wherein, the first group of Bailey beams and the second group of Bailey beams include the Bailey beams 1-3 on both sides of the steel pipe pile 1-1, Bailey beams 1-3 are laid along the lateral direction of the two pier pile foundations 3;
  • Step 201 Install a plurality of first suspension point supports 2-1 on the first group of Bailey beams, and install a plurality of second suspension point supports 2-2 on the second group of Bailey beams;
  • the distance between the point support 2-1 and the second hanging point support 2-2 is larger than the outer diameter of the pier pile foundation 3, and the first hanging point support 2-1 and the second hanging point support 2-2 are related to each other.
  • the pier pile foundation 3 is arranged symmetrically;
  • Step 202 wear a hanger rod 8 in each of the first hanging point support 2-1 and the second hanging point support 2-2, and pass the hanger rod 8 through the first hanging point support 2-1 and the second hanging point support 2-2.
  • An adjusting nut 10 is installed on the upper part of the second lifting point support 2-2;
  • Step 203 Set the lower longitudinal beam 4 under each of the first suspension point supports 2-1 and the second suspension point supports 2-2, pass the lower part of the suspension rod 8 through the lower longitudinal beam 4 and install the lower locking nut 12 ;
  • Step 204 install the load-bearing beam 5 on the lower longitudinal beam 4;
  • Step 3 One lifting of the load-bearing beam:
  • Step 4 Installation of pile beam and wood formwork:
  • Step 401 Install a plurality of square woods 6 on the load-bearing beams 5 between the two pier pile foundations 3; wherein, the plurality of square woods 6 are arranged along the length direction of the load-bearing beams 5, and the length of the square woods 6 is greater than that of the bridge pier piles the outer diameter of base 3;
  • Step 402 install bamboo plywood 7 on a plurality of woods 6; Wherein, the length direction of bamboo plywood 7 is consistent with the length direction of load-bearing beam 5, and the width of bamboo plywood 7 is identical with the length of square wood 6;
  • Step 5 Binding of the pier pile foundation reinforcement cage and the pile-tie beam reinforcement cage:
  • Step 501 tying the pile tie beam reinforcement cage between the tops of the pier pile foundations 3 formed by pouring;
  • Step 502 Continue to bind the reinforcement cage of the bridge pier pile foundation on the top of the poured bridge pier pile foundation 3 until the design elevation of the top of the bridge pier pile foundation; wherein, the pile tie beam reinforcement cage and the bridge pier pile foundation reinforcement cage are tightly connected as one;
  • Step 6 Secondary lifting of the load-bearing beam and the pile-tie beam-timber formwork:
  • the adjusting nut 10 is screwed on, and the lower part of the boom 8 rises to drive the lower longitudinal beam 4, the load-bearing beam 5 and the pile-tie beam wood formwork to move upward until the height at which the load-bearing beam 5 continues to move upward satisfies the lower deflection setting value; During the screwing process of the nut 10, the first hanging point support 2-1 and the second hanging point support 2-2 are fitted;
  • Step 7 Installation and concrete pouring of the steel formwork for the pier pile foundation and the steel formwork for the side of the pile beam:
  • Step 701 symmetrically install two pile-tie beam side steel formworks on the bamboo plywood 7, and install the pile-tie beam top steel formwork on the top of the two pile-tie beam side steel formwork to complete the installation of the pile-tie beam formwork;
  • the spacing between the two said pile-tie beam side steel formwork meets the pile-tie beam width design requirements
  • the pile-tie beam side steel formwork is arranged along the length of the bamboo plywood 7, the pile-tie beam side part
  • the steel formwork and the bamboo plywood 7 are arranged vertically, and a gap is provided between the top steel formwork of the pile-tie beam, the side steel formwork of the pile-tie beam, and the reinforcement cage of the pile-tie beam;
  • Step 702 Set the pier pile foundation steel formwork on the top of the pier pile foundation 3 that has been cast; wherein, an opening is provided on the bridge pier pile foundation steel formwork near the reinforcement cage of the pile tie beam, and the pile tie steel formwork is provided with an opening. Both ends of the steel formwork for the side part of the beam and the steel formwork for the top of the pile-tie beam extend to the outer side wall of the steel formwork for the pile foundation of the bridge pier;
  • Step 703 pour concrete into the pile-tie beam formwork and the bridge pier pile foundation steel formwork until the concrete reaches 100% of the design strength, complete the construction of the bridge water surface pile-tie beam, and remove the pile-tie beam formwork, the bridge pier pile foundation steel formwork and the hoisting device .
  • the first suspension point support 2-1 and the second suspension point support 2-2 in step 202 are provided with an upper steel backing plate 9, and the upper end of the suspension rod 8 also passes through the upper steel Backing plate 9, the upper adjusting nut 10 is fitted with the upper steel backing plate 9, and the top of the boom 8 is higher than the top of the upper adjusting nut 10;
  • a lower steel backing plate 11 is arranged at the bottom of the lower longitudinal beam 4, the lower part of the hanger 8 also passes through the lower steel backing plate 11, and the lower locking nut 12 is fitted with the lower steel backing plate 11, so The bottom of the boom 8 is lower than the bottom of the lower locking nut 12;
  • the required elevation of the pile-tie beam construction refers to the pile-tie beam construction design elevation minus h; wherein, h represents the total thickness of the square wood 6 and the bamboo plywood 7;
  • the value range of the lower deflection set value in step 6 is 1.5cm ⁇ 2.5cm.
  • a lower longitudinal beam 4 is arranged below each of the first hanging point supports 2-1 and the second hanging point supports 2-2, and the specific process is as follows:
  • Step 2031 Arrange a plurality of middle lower longitudinal beams 4-1 directly under each of the first suspension point supports 2-1 and the second suspension point supports 2-2 located between the two pier pile foundations 3;
  • the distance between two adjacent middle lower longitudinal beams 4-1 is 0.5m to 1m;
  • Step 2033 Arrange a plurality of external lower longitudinal beams 4-2 directly below each of the first suspension point supports 2-1 and the second suspension point supports 2-2 on the outside of the pier pile foundation 3;
  • the distance between the outer lower longitudinal beams 4-2 is 0.2m to 0.5 m; one end of the outer lower longitudinal beam 4-2 and the middle lower longitudinal beam 4-1 and the first hanging point support 2-1 are far away from the pier pile
  • One end of the foundation 3 is flush, and the other ends of the outer lower longitudinal beam 4-2 and the middle lower longitudinal beam 4-1 are flush with the end of the second suspension point support 2-2 away from the pier pile foundation 3.
  • step 204 the load-bearing beam 5 is installed on the lower longitudinal beam 4, and the specific process is as follows:
  • Step 2041 Install a first load-bearing beam 5-1 and a third load-bearing beam 5-3 on the plurality of middle side sills 4-1 and the plurality of outer side sills 4-2; wherein, the first load-bearing beam 5 -1 and the third load-bearing beam 5-3 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the pier pile foundation 3, and the distance between the first load-bearing beam 5-1 and the third load-bearing beam 5-3 is greater than the outer diameter of the bridge pier pile foundation 3;
  • Step 2042 Install second middle load-bearing beams on the plurality of middle lower longitudinal beams 4-1, and install second outer load-bearing beams on the plurality of outer lower longitudinal beams 4-2; wherein the second outer load-bearing beams are close to the bridge piers A gap is set between one end of the pile foundation 3 and the outer side of the pier pile foundation 3, the two ends of the second middle load-bearing beam extend close to the outer side of the bridge pier pile foundation 3, and the second middle load-bearing beam and the second outer load-bearing beam form the first load-bearing beam.
  • Two load-bearing beams 5-2, the lengths of the first load-bearing beam 5-1, the second load-bearing beam 5-2 and the third load-bearing beam 5-3 are all arranged along the transverse direction of the bridge, and the second load-bearing beam 5-2 is located in the first load-bearing beam 5-2.
  • the design strength in step 703 is C15, C20, C30 or C40. In actual use, it can also be adjusted according to specific construction design requirements.
  • the steel formwork on the side of the pile tie beam and the steel formwork on the top of the pile tie beam can be removed; when the concrete reaches 100% of the design strength, the steel formwork for the pier pile foundation is removed, and The adjusting nut 10 is screwed in the reverse direction, and the lower part of the boom 8 falls to drive the lower longitudinal beam 4, the load-bearing beam 5 and the formwork of the pile-tie beam to fall; then the boom device is removed.
  • the bottom of the bridge water surface pile-tie beam is higher than the water surface.
  • the square wood 6 and the bamboo plywood 7 are located between two pier pile foundations 3, and the two bridge pier pile foundations 3 are arranged laterally along the bridge.
  • the present invention has a reasonable design, realizes the hoisting of the pile-tie beam construction formwork, and then completes the concrete pouring construction of the pile-tie beam, the construction operation is convenient, the construction procedures are few, the use period of the construction turnover formwork is short, and the required mechanical configuration requirements are low. , the input cost is low, and it also avoids problems such as river pollution caused by the bottom cover in the water, and effectively adapts to the construction of bridge water surface pile-tie beams.

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Abstract

一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置及其施工方法，该装置包括吊点支座、承重机构、桩系梁木模板，吊点支座和承重机构之间设置有吊装部件，承重机构包括多个下纵梁（4）和设置在多个下纵梁（4）上的承重梁（5），桩系梁木模板包括方木（6）和竹胶板（7），吊装部件包括吊杆（8）、套设在吊杆（8）上的上调节螺母（10）和套设在吊杆（8）上的下锁紧螺母（12）；该方法包括以下步骤：一、施工前准备；二、吊装装置的安装；三、承重梁的一次起吊；四、桩系梁木模板的安装；五、桥墩桩基钢筋笼和桩系梁钢筋笼的绑扎；六、承重梁和桩系梁木模板的二次起吊；七、桥墩桩基钢模板和桩系梁侧部钢模板的安装及混凝土浇筑。该吊装装置和施工方法，实现桩系梁施工模板的吊装，进而完成桩系梁的混凝土浇筑施工。

Description

一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置及其施工方法 技术领域
本发明属于桥梁水面桩系梁技术领域，尤其是涉及一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置及其施工方法。
背景技术
桩系梁是位于桩基顶部(墩柱底部)的横向联系梁结构，主要增加桩基整体刚度，使两根桩基连成整体，共同受力承受上部荷载。水中桥梁施工，水中桩基、系梁、承台更是施工过程的重难点，现有技术基于桩系梁高程与位置的不同采用围堰、钢套箱等施工方法。水面系梁施工工艺更是受陆地施工工艺影响，通过围堰、钢套箱等改变施工环境，依旧选择抱箍、托架等方法。由于近水面水下作业较多，施工工序复杂、周转模板投入费用大、施工效率低、不利于水资源保护且施工安全风险较高。
因此，现如今缺少一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置及其施工方法，设计合理，实现桩系梁施工模板的吊装，进而完成桩系梁的混凝土浇筑施工，施工操作便捷且施工工序少，施工周转模板使用周期短，所需机械配置要求低，投入成本低，也避免水中封底造成的河道污染等问题，有效地适应桥梁水面桩系梁施工。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术中的不足，提供一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其设计合理，实现桩系梁施工模板的吊装，进而完成桩系梁的混凝土浇筑施工，施工操作便捷且施工工序少，施工周转模板使用周期短，所需机械配置要求低，投入成本低，也避免水中封底造成的河道污染等问题，有效地适应桥梁水面桩系梁施工。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其特征在于：包括设置在施工作业平台上的吊点支座、与所述吊点支座连接的承重机构，以及设置在所述承重机构上的桩系梁木模板，所述吊点支座和所述承重机构之间设置有吊装部件；
所述承重机构包括多个设置在吊点支座下方的下纵梁和设置在多个所述下纵梁上的承重梁，所述桩系梁木模板包括设置在承重梁上的方木和布设在方木上的竹胶板；
所述吊装部件包括穿设在所述吊点支座与所述下纵梁之间的吊杆、套设在吊杆上且位于所述吊点支座上的上调节螺母和套设在吊杆上且位于所述下纵梁底部的下锁紧螺母，通过旋拧所述上调节螺母带动所述承重机构升降。
上述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其特征在于：所述施工作业平台包括多排布设的钢管桩、搭设在多排所述钢管桩上的连接梁和搭设在所述连接梁上的贝雷梁，多排所述钢管桩沿桥梁横向布设，每排所述钢管桩均包括多个沿桥梁纵向延伸方向布设的钢管桩，位于桥墩桩基两侧的钢管桩的间距大于其它相邻两个钢管桩之间的间距；
所述连接梁连接在多个所述钢管桩顶部，所述贝雷梁的数量为多组，多组所述贝雷梁沿连接梁的长度方向布设，每组所述贝雷梁包括位于钢管桩两侧的贝雷梁，贝雷梁沿桥梁横向布设；
所述贝雷梁顶部设置有多个沿贝雷梁长度方向布设的支撑梁，多个所述支撑梁顶部设置有工字钢，所述工字钢的数量为多个，多个所述工字钢沿支撑梁的长度方向布设，所述工字钢的长度方向与贝雷梁长度方向一致，所述工字钢上设置有踏步板，所述踏步板一侧设置有护栏。
上述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其特征在于：所述吊点支座包括设置在桥墩桩基两侧的第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座，所述第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座之间设置的间距大于桥墩桩基的外径；
所述第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座的数量均为多个且一一对应，多个 所述第一吊点支座布设在第一组贝雷梁上，多个所述第二吊点支座布设在第二组贝雷梁上，所述第一组贝雷梁和所述第二组贝雷梁位于在桥墩桩基两侧。
上述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其特征在于：所述下纵梁包括布设在两个桥墩桩基之间的中部下纵梁和布设在桥墩桩基外侧的外部下纵梁，所述中部下纵梁的数量为多个，相邻两个所述中部下纵梁之间的间距为0.5m～1m；相邻两个所述外部下纵梁之间的间距为0.2m～0.5m；
所述承重梁包括第一承重梁、第二承重梁和第三承重梁，所述第一承重梁、第二承重梁和第三承重梁的长度均沿桥梁横向布设，所述第一承重梁和第三承重梁关于桥墩桩基对称布设，所述第一承重梁和第三承重梁之间的间距大于桥墩桩基的外径；
所述第二承重梁包括设置两个桥墩桩基之间且位于多个中部下纵梁上的第二中部承重梁和布设在桥墩桩基外侧且位于外部下纵梁上的第二外部承重梁，所述第二外部承重梁靠近桥墩桩基的一端和桥墩桩基外侧面之间设置有间隙，所述第二中部承重梁的两端延伸靠近桥墩桩基外侧面。
上述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其特征在于：所述吊点支座上设置有上钢垫板，所述下纵梁底部设置下钢垫板，所述吊杆依次穿过上调节螺母、上钢垫板、所述吊点支座、下纵梁、下钢垫板和下锁紧螺母。
上述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其特征在于：所述下纵梁的两端设置有防护栏杆，相邻两个防护栏杆之间穿设有防护连杆，所述防护连杆的长度方向和两个桥墩桩基的横向方向一致。
同时，本发明还公开了一种方法步骤简单、设计合理且施工方便的桥梁水面桩系梁的施工方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、施工前准备：
步骤101、根据两个桥墩桩基的位置，拆除两个桥墩桩基上方的工字钢、踏步板和贝雷梁；其中，位于桥墩桩基两侧的钢管桩的间距大于其它相邻两个钢管桩之间的间距；
步骤102、将位于桥墩桩基两侧的贝雷梁分别记作第一组贝雷梁和第二组贝雷梁；其中，第一组贝雷梁和第二组贝雷梁均包括位于钢管桩两侧的贝雷梁，贝雷梁沿两个桥墩桩基的横向方向布设；
步骤二、吊装装置的安装：
步骤201、在第一组贝雷梁上安装多个第一吊点支座，在第二组贝雷梁上安装多个第二吊点支座；其中，第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座之间设置的间距大于桥墩桩基的外径，第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座关于桥墩桩基对称布设；
步骤202、在各个第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座中穿设吊杆，并在吊杆穿过所述第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座的上部安装上调节螺母；
步骤203、在各个第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座下方设置下纵梁，将吊杆的下部穿过下纵梁并安装下锁紧螺母；
步骤204、在下纵梁上安装承重梁；
步骤三、承重梁的一次起吊：
旋拧上调节螺母，吊杆下部上升带动下纵梁和承重梁向上移动，直至将承重梁顶部移动至桩系梁施工要求标高；其中，在上调节螺母旋拧的过程中贴合第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座；
步骤四、桩系梁木模板的安装：
步骤401、在两个桥墩桩基之间的承重梁上安装多个方木；其中，多个所述方木沿承重梁的长度方向布设，方木的长度大于桥墩桩基的外径；
步骤402、在多个木上安装竹胶板；其中，竹胶板的长度方向和承重梁的长度方向一致，竹胶板的宽度和方木的长度相同；
步骤五、桥墩桩基钢筋笼和桩系梁钢筋笼的绑扎：
步骤501、在已浇筑形成的桥墩桩基的顶部之间绑扎桩系梁钢筋笼；
步骤502、在已浇筑形成的桥墩桩基的顶部继续绑扎桥墩桩基钢筋笼，直至桥墩桩基顶部设计标高；其中，桩系梁钢筋笼与桥墩桩基钢筋笼紧固连接为一体；
步骤六、承重梁和桩系梁木模板的二次起吊：
旋拧上调节螺母，吊杆下部上升带动下纵梁、承重梁和桩系梁木模板向上移动，直至承重梁继续向上移动的高度满足下挠设定值；其中，在上调节螺母旋拧的过程中贴合第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座；
步骤七、桥墩桩基钢模板和桩系梁侧部钢模板的安装及混凝土浇筑：
步骤701、在竹胶板上对称安装两个桩系梁侧部钢模板，并在两个桩系梁侧部钢模板的顶部安装桩系梁顶部钢模板，完成桩系梁模板的安装；其中，两个所述桩系梁侧部钢模板之间的间距满足桩系梁宽度设计要求，所述桩系梁侧部钢模板沿竹胶板的长度布设，所述桩系梁侧部钢模板和竹胶板呈垂直布设，桩系梁顶部钢模板和桩系梁侧部钢模板和桩系梁钢筋笼之间均设置有间隙；
步骤702、已浇筑形成的桥墩桩基的顶部套设桥墩桩基钢模板；其中，所述桥墩桩基钢模板上靠近所述桩系梁钢筋笼的位置设置有开口部，所述桩系梁侧部钢模板和桩系梁顶部钢模板的两端延伸至所述桥墩桩基钢模板外侧壁；
步骤703、给桩系梁模板和桥墩桩基钢模板中浇筑混凝土，直至混凝土达到设计强度100％，完成桥梁水面桩系梁的施工，并拆除桩系梁模板、桥墩桩基钢模板和吊装装置。
上述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的施工方法，其特征在于：步骤202中所述第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座上设置有上钢垫板，所述吊杆的上端还穿过上钢垫板，所述上调节螺母和上钢垫板贴合，所述吊杆的顶部高于上调节螺母的顶部；
步骤203中所述下纵梁底部设置下钢垫板，所述吊杆的下部还穿过下钢垫板，所述下锁紧螺母和下钢垫板贴合，所述吊杆的底部低于下锁紧螺母的底部；
步骤301中桩系梁施工要求标高是指桩系梁施工设计标高减去h；其中，h表示方木和竹胶板的总厚度；
步骤六中所述下挠设定值的取值范围为1.5cm～2.5cm。
上述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的施工方法，其特征在于：步骤203中各个第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座下方设置下纵梁，具体过程如下：
步骤2031、在位于两个桥墩桩基之间的各个第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座正下方布设多个中部下纵梁；其中，相邻两个所述中部下纵梁之间的间距为0.5m～1m；
步骤2033、在位于桥墩桩基外侧的各个第一吊点支座和第二吊点支座正下方布设多个外部下纵梁；其中，相邻两个所述外部下纵梁之间的间距为0.2m～0.5m；外部下纵梁和中部下纵梁的一端与第一吊点支座远离桥墩桩基的一端相齐平，外部下纵梁和中部下纵梁的另一端与第二吊点支座远离桥墩桩基的一端相齐平。
上述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的施工方法，其特征在于：步骤204中在下纵梁上安装承重梁，具体过程如下：
步骤2041、在多个中部下纵梁和多个外部下纵梁上安装第一承重梁和第三承重梁；其中，所述第一承重梁和第三承重梁关于桥墩桩基对称布设，所述第一承重梁和第三承重梁之间的间距大于桥墩桩基的外径；
步骤2042、在多个中部下纵梁上安装第二中部承重梁，在多个外部下纵梁上安装第二外部承重梁；其中，所述第二外部承重梁靠近桥墩桩基的一端和桥墩桩基外侧面之间设置有间隙，所述第二中部承重梁的两端延伸靠近桥墩桩基外侧面，第二中部承重梁和第二外部承重梁组成第二承重梁，所述第一承重梁、第二承重梁和第三承重梁的长度均沿桥梁横向布设，第二承重梁位于第一承重梁和第三承重梁连线的中心处。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
1、结构简单、设计合理且施工简便，投入成本较低。
2、所采用的吊点支座位于施工作业平台上，是为了便于吊杆的安装，给吊杆的上端提供支撑；另外是为了便于上调节螺母的限位，从而实现上调节螺母的旋拧，避免上调节螺母升降移动。
3、所采用的吊装部件包括吊杆、上调节螺母和下锁紧螺母，通过下锁紧螺母，以使通过旋拧所述上调节螺母带动吊杆的下部升降；通过下锁紧螺母以使所述承重机构安装在吊杆上，从而通过吊杆的下部升降带动所述承重机构的升降。
4、所采用的承重机构包括下纵梁和承重梁，设置下纵梁且下纵梁位于吊点支座的正下方，从而方便通过吊杆实现下纵梁和吊点支座连接；设置承重梁且位于多个所述下纵梁上，以使承重梁的长度方向和两个桥墩桩基的横向方向一致，从而便于桩系梁木模板的安装。
5、所采用的上调节螺母套设在吊杆上且位于所述吊点支座上，以使上调节螺母的旋转运动转换为吊杆的升降移动，通过吊杆的升降带动承重梁上的桩系梁木模板的升降，实现桩系梁木模板高度的精确调节，且调节部件简单，以使所需机械配置要求低，投入成本低。
6、所采用的桥梁水面桩系梁的施工方法步骤简单、实现方便且操作简便，确保桥梁水面桩系梁的施工精准。
7、所采用的桥梁水面桩系梁的施工方法操作简便且使用效果好，首先是施工前准备；其次进行吊装装置的安装；之后通过吊装装置以使承重梁进行一次起吊；接着进行桩系梁木模板的安装；然后是桥墩桩基钢筋笼和桩系梁钢筋笼的绑扎，之后通过吊装装置再使承重梁和桩系梁木模板进行二次起吊，最后进行桥墩桩基钢模板和桩系梁侧部钢模板的安装及混凝土浇筑，直至混凝土达到设计强度100％，完成桥梁水面桩系梁的施工。
综上所述，本发明设计合理，实现桩系梁施工模板的吊装，进而完成桩系梁的混凝土浇筑施工，施工操作便捷且施工工序少，施工周转模板使用周期短，所需机械配置要求低，投入成本低，也避免水中封底造成的河道污染等问题，有效地适应桥梁水面桩系梁施工。
下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
附图说明
图1为本发明桥梁水面桩系梁吊装装置的结构示意图。
图2为本发明承重机构和吊点支座的位置示意图。
图3为本发明桥梁水面桩系梁的施工方法的流程框图。
附图标记说明:
1—施工作业平台；       1-1—钢管桩；        1-2—连接梁；
1-3—贝雷梁；           1-4—支撑梁；        1-5—踏步板；
1-6—工字钢；           1-7—护栏；          2-1—第一吊点支座；
2-2—第二吊点支座；     3—桥墩桩基；        4—下纵梁；
4-1—中部下纵梁；       4-2—外部下纵梁；    5—承重梁；
5-1—第一承重梁；       5-2—第二承重梁；    5-3—第三承重梁；
6—方木；               7—竹胶板；          8—吊杆；
9—上钢垫板；           10—上调节螺母；     11—下钢垫板；
12—下锁紧螺母；        13—防护栏杆；       14—防护连杆。
具体实施方式
如图1和图2所示的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，包括设置在施工作业平台1上的吊点支座、与所述吊点支座连接的承重机构，以及设置在所述承重机构上的桩系梁木模板，所述吊点支座和所述承重机构之间设置有吊装部件；
所述承重机构包括多个设置在吊点支座下方的下纵梁4和设置在多个所述下纵梁4上的承重梁5，所述桩系梁木模板包括设置在承重梁5上的方木6和布设在方木6上的竹胶板7；
所述吊装部件包括穿设在所述吊点支座与所述下纵梁4之间的吊杆8、套设在吊杆8上且位于所述吊点支座上的上调节螺母10和套设在吊杆8上且位于所述下纵梁4底部的下锁紧螺母12，通过旋拧所述上调节螺母10带动所述承重机构升降。
本实施例中，所述施工作业平台1包括多排布设的钢管桩、搭设在多 排所述钢管桩上的连接梁1-2和搭设在所述连接梁1-2上的贝雷梁，多排所述钢管桩沿桥梁横向布设，每排所述钢管桩均包括多个沿桥梁纵向延伸方向布设的钢管桩1-1，位于桥墩桩基3两侧的钢管桩1-1的间距大于其它相邻两个钢管桩1-1之间的间距；
所述连接梁1-2连接在多个所述钢管桩1-1顶部，所述贝雷梁的数量为多组，多组所述贝雷梁沿连接梁1-2的长度方向布设，每组所述贝雷梁包括位于钢管桩1-1两侧的贝雷梁1-3，贝雷梁1-3沿桥梁横向布设；
所述贝雷梁1-3顶部设置有多个沿贝雷梁1-3长度方向布设的支撑梁1-4，多个所述支撑梁1-4顶部设置有工字钢1-6，所述工字钢1-6的数量为多个，多个所述工字钢1-6沿支撑梁1-4的长度方向布设，所述工字钢1-6的长度方向与贝雷梁1-3长度方向一致，所述工字钢1-6上设置有踏步板1-5，所述踏步板1-5一侧设置有护栏1-7。
本实施例中，所述吊点支座包括设置在桥墩桩基3两侧的第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2，所述第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2之间设置的间距大于桥墩桩基3的外径；
所述第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2的数量均为多个且一一对应，多个所述第一吊点支座2-1布设在第一组贝雷梁上，多个所述第二吊点支座2-2布设在第二组贝雷梁上，所述第一组贝雷梁和所述第二组贝雷梁位于在桥墩桩基3两侧。
本实施例中，所述下纵梁4包括布设在两个桥墩桩基3之间的中部下纵梁4-1和布设在桥墩桩基3外侧的外部下纵梁4-2，所述中部下纵梁4-1的数量为多个，相邻两个所述中部下纵梁4-1之间的间距为0.5m～1m；相邻两个所述外部下纵梁4-2之间的间距为0.2m～0.5m；
所述承重梁5包括第一承重梁5-1、第二承重梁5-2和第三承重梁5-3，所述第一承重梁5-1、第二承重梁5-2和第三承重梁5-3的长度均沿桥梁横向布设，所述第一承重梁5-1和第三承重梁5-3关于桥墩桩基3对称布设，所述第一承重梁5-1和第三承重梁5-3之间的间距大于桥墩桩基3的 外径；
所述第二承重梁5-2包括设置两个桥墩桩基3之间且位于多个中部下纵梁4-1上的第二中部承重梁和布设在桥墩桩基3外侧且位于外部下纵梁4-2上的第二外部承重梁，所述第二外部承重梁靠近桥墩桩基3的一端和桥墩桩基3外侧面之间设置有间隙，所述第二中部承重梁的两端延伸靠近桥墩桩基3外侧面。
本实施例中，所述吊点支座上设置有上钢垫板9，所述下纵梁4底部设置下钢垫板11，所述吊杆8依次穿过上调节螺母10、上钢垫板9、所述吊点支座、下纵梁4、下钢垫板11和下锁紧螺母12。
本实施例中，所述下纵梁4的两端设置有防护栏杆13，相邻两个防护栏杆13之间穿设有防护连杆14，所述防护连杆14的长度方向和两个桥墩桩基3的横向方向一致。
本实施例中，吊杆8为φ25精轧螺纹钢。
本实施例中，吊点支座位于施工作业平台上，是为了便于吊杆的安装，通过为吊杆的上端提供支撑；另外是为了便于上调节螺母10的限位，从而实现上调节螺母10的旋拧，避免上调节螺母10升降移动。
本实施例中，吊装部件包括吊杆8、上调节螺母10和下锁紧螺母12，通过下锁紧螺母12，以使通过旋拧所述上调节螺母10带动所述承重机构升降；通过下锁紧螺母12以使所述承重机构安装在吊杆8上，从而通过吊杆8的升降带动所述承重机构的升降。
本实施例中，承重机构包括下纵梁和承重梁，设置下纵梁且下纵梁位于吊点支座的下方，从而方便通过吊杆8实现下纵梁和吊点支座连接；设置承重梁且位于多个所述下纵梁4上，以使承重梁的长度方向和两个桥墩桩基3的横向方向一致，从而便于桩系梁木模板的安装。
本实施例中，上调节螺母10套设在吊杆8上且位于所述吊点支座上，以使上调节螺母10的旋转运动转换为吊杆8的升降移动，通过吊杆8的升降带动承重梁5上的桩系梁木模板的升降，实现桩系梁木模板高度的精 确调节，且调节部件简单，从而使所需机械配置要求低，投入成本低。
本实施例中，设置吊点支座包括设置在桥墩桩基3两侧的第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2，第一是为了所述第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2之间形成空隙，且所述第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2之间的间距大于桥墩桩基3的外径，从而便于打开了施工上方空间，为下纵梁4及模板上下垂直吊装提供了作业条件；第二，是为了与下纵梁4的两端相适应，通过下纵梁4的两端连接，提高了下纵梁4的安装稳定性。
本实施例中，设置承重梁5包括第一承重梁5-1、第二承重梁5-2和第三承重梁5-3，减小了承重梁截面尺寸，从材料方面节省了投入，在可操作性方面，由于截面减小也减轻了下纵梁4自重，便于人工调整，减少了人员及起重设备配置。
本实施例中，位于桥墩桩基3两侧的钢管桩1-1的间距大于其它相邻两个钢管桩1-1之间的间距，且桥墩桩基3顶部拆除贝雷梁1-3、工字钢1-6和踏步板1-5，从而留设桩系梁上部空间，为吊装装置的安装、所述承重机构和桩系梁木模板的整体吊装提供了同步进行的条件，并且从水上作业转变为平台上作业，提高了功效，缩短了施工工期。
如图3所示的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、施工前准备：
步骤101、根据两个桥墩桩基3的位置，拆除两个桥墩桩基3上方的工字钢1-6、踏步板1-5和贝雷梁1-3；其中，位于桥墩桩基3两侧的钢管桩1-1的间距大于其它相邻两个钢管桩1-1之间的间距；
步骤102、将位于桥墩桩基3两侧的贝雷梁分别记作第一组贝雷梁和第二组贝雷梁；其中，第一组贝雷梁和第二组贝雷梁均包括位于钢管桩1-1两侧的贝雷梁1-3，贝雷梁1-3沿两个桥墩桩基3的横向方向布设；
步骤二、吊装装置的安装：
步骤201、在第一组贝雷梁上安装多个第一吊点支座2-1，在第二组贝雷梁上安装多个第二吊点支座2-2；其中，第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座 2-2之间设置的间距大于桥墩桩基3的外径，第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2关于桥墩桩基3对称布设；
步骤202、在各个第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2中穿设吊杆8，并在吊杆8穿过所述第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2的上部安装上调节螺母10；
步骤203、在各个第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2下方设置下纵梁4，将吊杆8的下部穿过下纵梁4并安装下锁紧螺母12；
步骤204、在下纵梁4上安装承重梁5；
步骤三、承重梁的一次起吊：
旋拧上调节螺母10，吊杆8下部上升带动下纵梁4和承重梁5向上移动，直至将承重梁5顶部移动至桩系梁施工要求标高；其中，在上调节螺母10旋拧的过程中贴合第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2；
步骤四、桩系梁木模板的安装：
步骤401、在两个桥墩桩基3之间的承重梁5上安装多个方木6；其中，多个所述方木6沿承重梁5的长度方向布设，方木6的长度大于桥墩桩基3的外径；
步骤402、在多个木6上安装竹胶板7；其中，竹胶板7的长度方向和承重梁5的长度方向一致，竹胶板7的宽度和方木6的长度相同；
步骤五、桥墩桩基钢筋笼和桩系梁钢筋笼的绑扎：
步骤501、在已浇筑形成的桥墩桩基3的顶部之间绑扎桩系梁钢筋笼；
步骤502、在已浇筑形成的桥墩桩基3的顶部继续绑扎桥墩桩基钢筋笼，直至桥墩桩基顶部设计标高；其中，桩系梁钢筋笼与桥墩桩基钢筋笼紧固连接为一体；
步骤六、承重梁和桩系梁木模板的二次起吊：
旋拧上调节螺母10，吊杆8下部上升带动下纵梁4、承重梁5和桩系梁木模板向上移动，直至承重梁5继续向上移动的高度满足下挠设定值；其中，在上调节螺母10旋拧的过程中贴合第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2；
步骤七、桥墩桩基钢模板和桩系梁侧部钢模板的安装及混凝土浇筑：
步骤701、在竹胶板7上对称安装两个桩系梁侧部钢模板，并在两个桩系梁侧部钢模板的顶部安装桩系梁顶部钢模板，完成桩系梁模板的安装；其中，两个所述桩系梁侧部钢模板之间的间距满足桩系梁宽度设计要求，所述桩系梁侧部钢模板沿竹胶板7的长度布设，所述桩系梁侧部钢模板和竹胶板7呈垂直布设，桩系梁顶部钢模板和桩系梁侧部钢模板和桩系梁钢筋笼之间均设置有间隙；
步骤702、已浇筑形成的桥墩桩基3的顶部套设桥墩桩基钢模板；其中，所述桥墩桩基钢模板上靠近所述桩系梁钢筋笼的位置设置有开口部，所述桩系梁侧部钢模板和桩系梁顶部钢模板的两端延伸至所述桥墩桩基钢模板外侧壁；
步骤703、给桩系梁模板和桥墩桩基钢模板中浇筑混凝土，直至混凝土达到设计强度100％，完成桥梁水面桩系梁的施工，并拆除桩系梁模板、桥墩桩基钢模板和吊装装置。
本实施例中，步骤202中所述第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2上设置有上钢垫板9，所述吊杆8的上端还穿过上钢垫板9，所述上调节螺母10和上钢垫板9贴合，所述吊杆8的顶部高于上调节螺母10的顶部；
步骤203中所述下纵梁4底部设置下钢垫板11，所述吊杆8的下部还穿过下钢垫板11，所述下锁紧螺母12和下钢垫板11贴合，所述吊杆8的底部低于下锁紧螺母12的底部；
步骤301中桩系梁施工要求标高是指桩系梁施工设计标高减去h；其中，h表示方木6和竹胶板7的总厚度；
步骤六中所述下挠设定值的取值范围为1.5cm～2.5cm。
本实施例中，步骤203中各个第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2下方设置下纵梁4，具体过程如下：
步骤2031、在位于两个桥墩桩基3之间的各个第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2正下方布设多个中部下纵梁4-1；其中，相邻两个所述中部下 纵梁4-1之间的间距为0.5m～1m；
步骤2033、在位于桥墩桩基3外侧的各个第一吊点支座2-1和第二吊点支座2-2正下方布设多个外部下纵梁4-2；其中，相邻两个所述外部下纵梁4-2之间的间距为0.2m～0.5m；外部下纵梁4-2和中部下纵梁4-1的一端与第一吊点支座2-1远离桥墩桩基3的一端相齐平，外部下纵梁4-2和中部下纵梁4-1的另一端与第二吊点支座2-2远离桥墩桩基3的一端相齐平。
本实施例中，步骤204中在下纵梁4上安装承重梁5，具体过程如下：
步骤2041、在多个中部下纵梁4-1和多个外部下纵梁4-2上安装第一承重梁5-1和第三承重梁5-3；其中，所述第一承重梁5-1和第三承重梁5-3关于桥墩桩基3对称布设，所述第一承重梁5-1和第三承重梁5-3之间的间距大于桥墩桩基3的外径；
步骤2042、在多个中部下纵梁4-1上安装第二中部承重梁，在多个外部下纵梁4-2上安装第二外部承重梁；其中，所述第二外部承重梁靠近桥墩桩基3的一端和桥墩桩基3外侧面之间设置有间隙，所述第二中部承重梁的两端延伸靠近桥墩桩基3外侧面，第二中部承重梁和第二外部承重梁组成第二承重梁5-2，所述第一承重梁5-1、第二承重梁5-2和第三承重梁5-3的长度均沿桥梁横向布设，第二承重梁5-2位于第一承重梁5-1和第三承重梁5-3连线的中心处。
本实施例中，步骤703中设计强度取C15、C20、C30或者C40。实际使用时，还可以根据具体施工设计要求进行调整。
本实施例中，进一步地，当混凝土的强度达到10Mpa时，可拆除桩系梁侧部钢模板和桩系梁顶部钢模板；当混凝土达到设计强度100％时，拆除桥墩桩基钢模板，并反向旋拧上调节螺母10，吊杆8下部下落带动下纵梁4、承重梁5和桩系梁木模板下落；之后拆除吊杆装置。
本实施例中，实际使用时，需要说明的是，桥梁水面桩系梁的底部高于水面。
本实施例中，实际使用时，需要说明的是，所述方木6和竹胶板7位于 两个桥墩桩基3之间，两个桥墩桩基3沿桥梁横向布设。
综上所述，本发明设计合理，实现桩系梁施工模板的吊装，进而完成桩系梁的混凝土浇筑施工，施工操作便捷且施工工序少，施工周转模板使用周期短，所需机械配置要求低，投入成本低，也避免水中封底造成的河道污染等问题，有效地适应桥梁水面桩系梁施工。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何限制，凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其特征在于：包括设置在施工作业平台(1)上的吊点支座、与所述吊点支座连接的承重机构，以及设置在所述承重机构上的桩系梁木模板，所述吊点支座和所述承重机构之间设置有吊装部件；
    所述承重机构包括多个设置在吊点支座下方的下纵梁(4)和设置在多个所述下纵梁(4)上的承重梁(5)，所述桩系梁木模板包括设置在承重梁(5)上的方木(6)和布设在方木(6)上的竹胶板(7)；
    所述吊装部件包括穿设在所述吊点支座与所述下纵梁(4)之间的吊杆(8)、套设在吊杆(8)上且位于所述吊点支座上的上调节螺母(10)和套设在吊杆(8)上且位于所述下纵梁(4)底部的下锁紧螺母(12)，通过旋拧所述上调节螺母(10)带动所述承重机构升降。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其特征在于：所述施工作业平台(1)包括多排布设的钢管桩、搭设在多排所述钢管桩上的连接梁(1-2)和搭设在所述连接梁(1-2)上的贝雷梁，多排所述钢管桩沿桥梁横向布设，每排所述钢管桩均包括多个沿桥梁纵向延伸方向布设的钢管桩(1-1)，位于桥墩桩基(3)两侧的钢管桩(1-1)的间距大于其它相邻两个钢管桩(1-1)之间的间距；
    所述连接梁(1-2)连接在多个所述钢管桩(1-1)顶部，所述贝雷梁的数量为多组，多组所述贝雷梁沿连接梁(1-2)的长度方向布设，每组所述贝雷梁包括位于钢管桩(1-1)两侧的贝雷梁(1-3)，贝雷梁(1-3)沿桥梁横向布设；
    所述贝雷梁(1-3)顶部设置有多个沿贝雷梁(1-3)长度方向布设的支撑梁(1-4)，多个所述支撑梁(1-4)顶部设置有工字钢(1-6)，所述工字钢(1-6)的数量为多个，多个所述工字钢(1-6)沿支撑梁(1-4)的长度方向布设，所述工字钢(1-6)的长度方向与贝雷梁(1-3)长度方 向一致，所述工字钢(1-6)上设置有踏步板(1-5)，所述踏步板(1-5)一侧设置有护栏(1-7)。
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其特征在于：所述吊点支座包括设置在桥墩桩基(3)两侧的第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)，所述第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)之间设置的间距大于桥墩桩基(3)的外径；
    所述第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)的数量均为多个且一一对应，多个所述第一吊点支座(2-1)布设在第一组贝雷梁上，多个所述第二吊点支座(2-2)布设在第二组贝雷梁上，所述第一组贝雷梁和所述第二组贝雷梁位于在桥墩桩基(3)两侧。
  4. 按照权利要求1所述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其特征在于：所述下纵梁(4)包括布设在两个桥墩桩基(3)之间的中部下纵梁(4-1)和布设在桥墩桩基(3)外侧的外部下纵梁(4-2)，所述中部下纵梁(4-1)的数量为多个，相邻两个所述中部下纵梁(4-1)之间的间距为0.5m～1m；相邻两个所述外部下纵梁(4-2)之间的间距为0.2m～0.5m；
    所述承重梁(5)包括第一承重梁(5-1)、第二承重梁(5-2)和第三承重梁(5-3)，所述第一承重梁(5-1)、第二承重梁(5-2)和第三承重梁(5-3)的长度均沿桥梁横向布设，所述第一承重梁(5-1)和第三承重梁(5-3)关于桥墩桩基(3)对称布设，所述第一承重梁(5-1)和第三承重梁(5-3)之间的间距大于桥墩桩基(3)的外径；
    所述第二承重梁(5-2)包括设置两个桥墩桩基(3)之间且位于多个中部下纵梁(4-1)上的第二中部承重梁和布设在桥墩桩基(3)外侧且位于外部下纵梁(4-2)上的第二外部承重梁，所述第二外部承重梁靠近桥墩桩基(3)的一端和桥墩桩基(3)外侧面之间设置有间隙，所述第二中部承重梁的两端延伸靠近桥墩桩基(3)外侧面。
  5. 按照权利要求1所述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其特征在于：所述吊点支座上设置有上钢垫板(9)，所述下纵梁(4)底部设置下钢垫板(11)，所述吊杆(8)依次穿过上调节螺母(10)、上钢垫板(9)、所述吊点支座、下纵梁(4)、下钢垫板(11)和下锁紧螺母(12)。
  6. 按照权利要求1所述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的吊装装置，其特征在于：所述下纵梁(4)的两端设置有防护栏杆(13)，相邻两个防护栏杆(13)之间穿设有防护连杆(14)，所述防护连杆(14)的长度方向和两个桥墩桩基(3)的横向方向一致。
  7. 一种桥梁水面桩系梁的施工方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤一、施工前准备：
    步骤101、根据两个桥墩桩基(3)的位置，拆除两个桥墩桩基(3)上方的工字钢(1-6)、踏步板(1-5)和贝雷梁(1-3)；其中，位于桥墩桩基(3)两侧的钢管桩(1-1)的间距大于其它相邻两个钢管桩(1-1)之间的间距；
    步骤102、将位于桥墩桩基(3)两侧的贝雷梁分别记作第一组贝雷梁和第二组贝雷梁；其中，第一组贝雷梁和第二组贝雷梁均包括位于钢管桩(1-1)两侧的贝雷梁(1-3)，贝雷梁(1-3)沿两个桥墩桩基(3)的横向方向布设；
    步骤二、吊装装置的安装：
    步骤201、在第一组贝雷梁上安装多个第一吊点支座(2-1)，在第二组贝雷梁上安装多个第二吊点支座(2-2)；其中，第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)之间设置的间距大于桥墩桩基(3)的外径，第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)关于桥墩桩基(3)对称布设；
    步骤202、在各个第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)中穿设吊杆(8)，并在吊杆(8)穿过所述第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)的上部安装上调节螺母(10)；
    步骤203、在各个第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)下方设置下纵梁(4)，将吊杆(8)的下部穿过下纵梁(4)并安装下锁紧螺母(12)；
    步骤204、在下纵梁(4)上安装承重梁(5)；
    步骤三、承重梁的一次起吊：
    旋拧上调节螺母(10)，吊杆(8)下部上升带动下纵梁(4)和承重梁(5)向上移动，直至将承重梁(5)顶部移动至桩系梁施工要求标高；其中，在上调节螺母(10)旋拧的过程中贴合第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)；
    步骤四、桩系梁木模板的安装：
    步骤401、在两个桥墩桩基(3)之间的承重梁(5)上安装多个方木(6)；其中，多个所述方木(6)沿承重梁(5)的长度方向布设，方木(6)的长度大于桥墩桩基(3)的外径；
    步骤402、在多个木(6)上安装竹胶板(7)；其中，竹胶板(7)的长度方向和承重梁(5)的长度方向一致，竹胶板(7)的宽度和方木(6)的长度相同；
    步骤五、桥墩桩基钢筋笼和桩系梁钢筋笼的绑扎：
    步骤501、在已浇筑形成的桥墩桩基(3)的顶部之间绑扎桩系梁钢筋笼；
    步骤502、在已浇筑形成的桥墩桩基(3)的顶部继续绑扎桥墩桩基钢筋笼，直至桥墩桩基顶部设计标高；其中，桩系梁钢筋笼与桥墩桩基钢筋笼紧固连接为一体；
    步骤六、承重梁和桩系梁木模板的二次起吊：
    旋拧上调节螺母(10)，吊杆(8)下部上升带动下纵梁(4)、承重 梁(5)和桩系梁木模板向上移动，直至承重梁(5)继续向上移动的高度满足下挠设定值；其中，在上调节螺母(10)旋拧的过程中贴合第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)；
    步骤七、桥墩桩基钢模板和桩系梁侧部钢模板的安装及混凝土浇筑：
    步骤701、在竹胶板(7)上对称安装两个桩系梁侧部钢模板，并在两个桩系梁侧部钢模板的顶部安装桩系梁顶部钢模板，完成桩系梁模板的安装；其中，两个所述桩系梁侧部钢模板之间的间距满足桩系梁宽度设计要求，所述桩系梁侧部钢模板沿竹胶板(7)的长度布设，所述桩系梁侧部钢模板和竹胶板(7)呈垂直布设，桩系梁顶部钢模板和桩系梁侧部钢模板和桩系梁钢筋笼之间均设置有间隙；
    步骤702、已浇筑形成的桥墩桩基(3)的顶部套设桥墩桩基钢模板；其中，所述桥墩桩基钢模板上靠近所述桩系梁钢筋笼的位置设置有开口部，所述桩系梁侧部钢模板和桩系梁顶部钢模板的两端延伸至所述桥墩桩基钢模板外侧壁；
    步骤703、给桩系梁模板和桥墩桩基钢模板中浇筑混凝土，直至混凝土达到设计强度100％，完成桥梁水面桩系梁的施工，并拆除桩系梁模板、桥墩桩基钢模板和吊装装置。
  8. 按照权利要求7所述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的施工方法，其特征在于：步骤202中所述第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)上设置有上钢垫板(9)，所述吊杆(8)的上端还穿过上钢垫板(9)，所述上调节螺母(10)和上钢垫板(9)贴合，所述吊杆(8)的顶部高于上调节螺母(10)的顶部；
    步骤203中所述下纵梁(4)底部设置下钢垫板(11)，所述吊杆(8)的下部还穿过下钢垫板(11)，所述下锁紧螺母(12)和下钢垫板(11)贴合，所述吊杆(8)的底部低于下锁紧螺母(12)的底部；
    步骤301中桩系梁施工要求标高是指桩系梁施工设计标高减去h；其 中，h表示方木(6)和竹胶板(7)的总厚度；
    步骤六中所述下挠设定值的取值范围为1.5cm～2.5cm。
  9. 按照权利要求7所述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的施工方法，其特征在于：步骤203中各个第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)下方设置下纵梁(4)，具体过程如下：
    步骤2031、在位于两个桥墩桩基(3)之间的各个第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)正下方布设多个中部下纵梁(4-1)；其中，相邻两个所述中部下纵梁(4-1)之间的间距为0.5m～1m；
    步骤2033、在位于桥墩桩基(3)外侧的各个第一吊点支座(2-1)和第二吊点支座(2-2)正下方布设多个外部下纵梁(4-2)；其中，相邻两个所述外部下纵梁(4-2)之间的间距为0.2m～0.5m；外部下纵梁(4-2)和中部下纵梁(4-1)的一端与第一吊点支座(2-1)远离桥墩桩基(3)的一端相齐平，外部下纵梁(4-2)和中部下纵梁(4-1)的另一端与第二吊点支座(2-2)远离桥墩桩基(3)的一端相齐平。
  10. 按照权利要求7所述的一种桥梁水面桩系梁的施工方法，其特征在于：步骤204中在下纵梁(4)上安装承重梁(5)，具体过程如下：
    步骤2041、在多个中部下纵梁(4-1)和多个外部下纵梁(4-2)上安装第一承重梁(5-1)和第三承重梁(5-3)；其中，所述第一承重梁(5-1)和第三承重梁(5-3)关于桥墩桩基(3)对称布设，所述第一承重梁(5-1)和第三承重梁(5-3)之间的间距大于桥墩桩基(3)的外径；
    步骤2042、在多个中部下纵梁(4-1)上安装第二中部承重梁，在多个外部下纵梁(4-2)上安装第二外部承重梁；其中，所述第二外部承重梁靠近桥墩桩基(3)的一端和桥墩桩基(3)外侧面之间设置有间隙，所述第二中部承重梁的两端延伸靠近桥墩桩基(3)外侧面，第二中部承重梁和第二外部承重梁组成第二承重梁(5-2)，所述第一承重梁(5-1)、 第二承重梁(5-2)和第三承重梁(5-3)的长度均沿桥梁横向布设，第二承重梁(5-2)位于第一承重梁(5-1)和第三承重梁(5-3)连线的中心处。
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