WO2022142541A1 - 停放制动缸及制动夹钳单元 - Google Patents

停放制动缸及制动夹钳单元 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022142541A1
WO2022142541A1 PCT/CN2021/121136 CN2021121136W WO2022142541A1 WO 2022142541 A1 WO2022142541 A1 WO 2022142541A1 CN 2021121136 W CN2021121136 W CN 2021121136W WO 2022142541 A1 WO2022142541 A1 WO 2022142541A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
parking
relief
brake cylinder
cavity
wedge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/121136
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张昕
覃立伟
李培署
王风洲
徐少亭
刁有彬
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司
青岛思锐科技有限公司
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Application filed by 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司, 青岛思锐科技有限公司 filed Critical 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司
Publication of WO2022142541A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022142541A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/005—Components of axially engaging brakes not otherwise provided for
    • F16D65/0068—Brake calipers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure
    • F16D2121/04—Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of rail transit, and relates to rail vehicle braking technology, in particular, to a parking brake cylinder and a brake caliper unit.
  • the braking devices for rail transit vehicles all have the function of parking brake. Most of the parking brakes are applied by compression springs.
  • the working principle of the parking brake is: charging the parking cylinder with compressed air to relieve the parking brake and discharging the compressed air.
  • the parking brake is applied by compression spring force.
  • the Chinese invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN101788942B discloses a combined cylinder with a force conversion transmission device with a variable transmission ratio, including: a service brake cylinder as an active service brake, the service brake cylinder with at least one pressure-medium-operated service brake piston, which actuates a brake mechanism via a service brake lever; and a spring-accumulator brake cylinder as passive parking brake, which The accumulator brake cylinder has a spring accumulator brake piston which is actuated by the pressure medium against the action of the at least one accumulator spring, wherein the spring accumulator brake piston stores the at least one accumulator in the parking brake situation.
  • the force of the energy spring is transmitted to the service brake piston rod via a force-transforming transmission, which makes the movements of the spring accumulator brake piston and the service brake piston rod coaxial and the force conversion ratio follows.
  • a force-transforming transmission which makes the movements of the spring accumulator brake piston and the service brake piston rod coaxial and the force conversion ratio follows.
  • the source power for the above-mentioned parking brakes is all applied by compression springs.
  • the application of the parking brake by the compression spring has the following problems: (1) The parking brake force applied by the spring will suffer from spring fatigue attenuation over time, resulting in a decrease in the parking brake force of the parking brake cylinder, affecting the parking stability of the vehicle, and the compression spring After a certain number of cycles, the compression spring needs to be scrapped and replaced with new parts, which increases the life cycle of the product and increases the cost of use. (2) Due to the fluctuation of the spring force, the parking braking force finally output by the braking device also fluctuates in a large range, and the parking braking force cannot be precisely controlled.
  • the present application provides a parking brake cylinder and a brake caliper unit.
  • a parking brake cylinder comprising:
  • a brake cylinder block which forms a brake cylinder cavity with the intermediate body
  • a brake piston arranged in the brake cylinder cavity
  • the intermediate body forms a parking cylinder cavity, and at least two sealed chambers are arranged in the parking cylinder cavity;
  • Force transmission unit including:
  • a force transmission assembly placed in the parking cylinder cavity, the force transmission assembly comprising a parking screw, a parking nut sleeved on the outside of the parking screw, and a ratchet sleeved at one end of the parking screw;
  • At least two dowel rods are arranged symmetrically, the first end of the dowel rod is connected to the brake piston, and the second end of the dowel rod is connected to the parking nut through the intermediate body;
  • a compression spring sleeved on the dowel rod, and arranged between the intermediate body and the parking nut;
  • At least two parking pistons are symmetrically mounted on the parking nut, and each of the parking pistons is correspondingly arranged with one of the sealing chambers;
  • a relief device which cooperates with the ratchet.
  • the parking screw is provided with a non-self-locking first trapezoidal thread
  • the center of the parking nut is provided with a non-self-locking second trapezoidal thread
  • the first trapezoidal thread is connected with the first trapezoidal thread. Two trapezoidal thread fit.
  • the center of the ratchet wheel is provided with a first thread
  • the ratchet wheel and the parking screw are connected together by the first thread
  • the first thread and the first trapezoidal thread are in contact with each other. Rotation is the same.
  • the outer ring of the ratchet wheel is provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth evenly distributed along the circumference and with an inclined angle, and the inclined direction of the ratchet teeth is opposite to the rotation direction of the first thread.
  • the mitigation device includes:
  • a relief body with a relief cavity inside, and one end of the relief body is provided with an air inlet that communicates with the relief cavity;
  • a hand wedge one end of which is provided with a first through hole on the circumference is set in the relief cavity, and the other end extends out of the relief body; the hand wedge set in the relief cavity is provided with a the wedge-shaped working surface that the pawl assembly cooperates with;
  • a first elastic member arranged in the relief cavity, between the hand relief wedge and the relief body;
  • a limiter arranged on the inner wall of the relief body
  • the relief piston is arranged in the relief cavity and is connected with the hand wedge to form an isolation cavity.
  • the relief piston is provided with a ventilation hole connecting the relief cavity and the isolation cavity, and the diameter of the ventilation hole is smaller than the aperture of the air inlet;
  • an isolation piston which is arranged in the isolation cavity, and a tapered surface matched with the sliding member is provided outside the isolation piston;
  • the second elastic member is arranged in the isolation cavity and located between the isolation piston and the hand wedge.
  • the mitigation device further includes a sealing assembly including a first sealing member disposed between the mitigation piston and the mitigation body, and a first sealing member disposed between the mitigation piston and the mitigation body. A second seal between the isolation pistons.
  • the hand wedge includes:
  • the first end of the hand-pull body is set in the relief cavity, and the second end of the hand-pull body extends out of the relief body;
  • the wedge body set in the relief cavity, the first end of the wedge body is connected with the first end of the hand-pulled body, and the first through hole is set at the second end of the wedge body On the circumference of the wedge, the wedge-shaped working surface is located on the wedge body.
  • the pawl assembly includes a pawl and a bearing provided in the relief cavity, the first end of the pawl is set as a tooth, and cooperates with the ratchet, the The second end of the pawl is connected to the bearing through the relief body, and the bearing cooperates with the wedge-shaped working surface.
  • the relief device further includes a third elastic member, and the third elastic member is located between the relief body and a boss provided on the first end of the pawl.
  • the mitigation device further includes a damping member disposed in the isolation cavity, between the isolation piston and the hand wedge, and arranged in parallel with the second elastic member.
  • the parking brake cylinder further includes a thrust bearing assembly
  • the thrust bearing assembly includes a bearing seat connected to the intermediate body or abutting against the parking cylinder body, a bearing seat disposed on the parking wire
  • a first thrust bearing and a second thrust bearing at both ends of the rod one side of the first thrust bearing is in contact with the bearing seat, and the other side is in contact with the parking screw; one side of the second thrust bearing is in contact with the The intermediate body is in contact, and the other side is in contact with the parking screw.
  • the intermediate body is provided with an intermediate sleeve
  • the parking screw is sleeved on the intermediate sleeve
  • the bearing seat is connected to the intermediate sleeve
  • the intermediate body is provided with a counterbore corresponding to the compression spring.
  • the intermediate body is provided with a second through hole at a position corresponding to the dowel rod, and a guide sleeve is provided in the second through hole, and the dowel rod extends from the guide Pass through the sleeve.
  • the outer ring of the parking nut is provided with the same number of third through holes as the dowel rods, and one end of each dowel rod connected to the parking nut passes through a The third through hole is in clearance fit with the third through hole.
  • a limit washer is provided at the end of the end connecting the dowel rod and the parking nut, the limit washer is fastened on the dowel rod, and the limit washer between the end of the dowel bar and the parking nut.
  • a sealing ring is provided between the parking piston and the sealing chamber.
  • the present application also provides a brake caliper unit, comprising a caliper arm assembly and the above-mentioned parking brake cylinder, the parking brake cylinder is connected to the caliper arm of the caliper arm assembly through a connecting bolt Hinged.
  • This application cancels the parking spring structure, and adopts at least two distributed and circumferentially arranged parking pistons to cooperate with the sealing chamber.
  • the braking force of the parking brake is not applied by the spring force, and is provided by the compressed air in the brake cylinder. , and lock the elastic force of the mechanical structure due to the action of the brake cylinder to realize the parking brake, avoid the problem of the reduction of the parking force caused by the fatigue attenuation of the spring, and the use cost is low in the whole life cycle.
  • the magnitude of the parking braking force of the present application can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the compressed air charged into the brake cylinder cavity.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of the parking brake cylinder according to the first embodiment of the application, wherein the relief device is in a released state;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along section line C-C of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 along section line A-A;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 along section line B-B;
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of the parking brake cylinder according to the first embodiment of the application, wherein the parking brake cylinder is in a manually released state;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 along section line A-A;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 along section line B-B;
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of the parking brake cylinder according to the first embodiment of the application, wherein the parking brake cylinder is in a charged release state;
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 8 along section line A-A;
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 8 along section line B-B;
  • FIG. 11 is a side view of the parking brake cylinder according to the first embodiment of the application, wherein the parking brake cylinder is in a parking braking state;
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 11 along section line A-A;
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 11 along section line B-B;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a parking brake cylinder and its mitigation device according to the second embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of the parking brake cylinder in a state of being charged and relieved by the mitigating device of the second embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 16 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is an enlarged view of part B in Figure 15;
  • Fig. 18 is a state diagram of the mitigation device of the parking brake cylinder according to the second embodiment of the application when the parking brake cylinder is in a parking braking state;
  • Figure 19 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 18;
  • Fig. 20 is a state diagram of the relief device of the parking brake cylinder according to the second embodiment of the application when it is in a manually released state;
  • Figure 21 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 20;
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a brake caliper unit according to a third embodiment of the present application.
  • Relief device 1001, Relief body , 1002, relief cavity, 1003, air inlet, 1004, hand wedge, 1004-1, hand pull body, 1004-2, wedge, 1004-3, blocking part, 1005, first through hole, 1006, wedge Working surface, 1007, first elastic piece, 1008, sliding piece, 1009, limit piece, 1010, relief piston, 1011, isolation chamber, 1012, vent hole, 1013, isolation piston, 1013-1, tapered surface, 1014, Second elastic member, 1015, first sealing member, 1016, second sealing member, 1017, pawl, 1018, bearing, 1019, third elastic member, 1020, boss, 11, bearing seat, 12, first thrust Bearing, 13, Second thrust bearing, 14, Compression spring, 15, Guide sleeve, 16, Limit washer, 17, Seal ring, 18, Clamp arm assembly, 19, Parking brake cylinder, 20, Connecting bolt , 21, brake pad support.
  • first and second are only used for description purposes, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features.
  • a feature defined as “first” or “second” may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection.
  • Ground connection it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • the brake can be applied by charging the brake cylinder, and the brake applied by the brake cylinder is called the service brake.
  • the brake can be applied through the parking cylinder, and the brake applied by the parking cylinder is called the parking brake.
  • the parking cylinder and the brake cylinder are integrated and called the parking brake cylinder.
  • Axial refers to the axial direction of the brake screw, that is, the direction of movement of the brake piston.
  • the direction from the brake cylinder to the parking cylinder is the first axial direction.
  • the parking brake cylinder provided for the first embodiment of the application includes:
  • the brake cylinder block 2 and the intermediate body 1 form a brake cylinder cavity
  • the brake piston 3 is arranged in the brake cylinder cavity
  • the parking cylinder 4 and the intermediate body 1 form a parking cylinder cavity, and two sealing chambers 401 are arranged in the parking cylinder 4;
  • Force transmission unit including:
  • the force transmission component is placed in the parking cylinder cavity, and the force transmission component includes a parking screw 5, a parking nut 6 sleeved on one end of the parking screw 5, and a ratchet 7 sleeved on the other end of the parking screw 5;
  • Two dowel rods 8 are arranged symmetrically, the first end of the dowel rod 8 is connected to the brake piston 3, and the second end of the dowel rod 8 is connected to the parking nut 6 through the intermediate body 1;
  • the compression spring 14 is sleeved on the dowel rod 8 and is arranged between the intermediate body 1 and the parking nut 6;
  • the two parking pistons 9 are symmetrically mounted on the parking nut 6, and are arranged corresponding to the sealing chamber 401; the parking piston 9 moves axially in the sealing chamber 401 when it acts;
  • the relief device 10 cooperates with the ratchet wheel 7 to control the rotation of the ratchet wheel 7 , thereby controlling the relative rotation of the parking screw 5 and the parking nut 6 .
  • the number of dowel rods, parking pistons, and sealing chambers may be more than two, as long as the three are evenly arranged along the circumference, and the number of parking pistons and sealing chambers corresponds one-to-one.
  • the parking brake cylinder provided by this embodiment cancels the parking spring structure in the parking cylinder cavity, and adopts two dispersed and circumferentially arranged parking pistons to cooperate with the sealing chamber, and the braking force of the parking brake is not applied by the spring force. , supplied by compressed air in the brake cylinder.
  • the parking brake cylinder cooperates with the ratchet wheel through the relief device to control whether the parking nut and the parking screw can be screwed out, and then control whether the force between the two is transmitted or not; by controlling the transmission of the force transmission rod and the parking nut, Control the transmission of force between the parking nut and the brake piston, thereby realizing the application and release of the parking brake.
  • the intermediate body is the installation base of the brake cylinder cavity and the parking cylinder cavity at the same time, and the structure is more compact, which can significantly reduce the weight of the entire parking brake cylinder, reduce the volume of the parking brake cylinder, and improve the space adaptability of the product.
  • the compression spring sleeved on the dowel rod can be fully compressed by the parking piston under a relatively small pressure, and the required relief pressure of the parking piston is much smaller than the minimum complete relief pressure of the conventional parking cylinder that relies on the spring to apply the parking brake. There is less risk of applying the parking brake.
  • the parking piston and the compression spring are arranged symmetrically to ensure that the resultant force of the parking nut is coincident with the axis, and the movement stability is high.
  • the parking cylinder cavity and the air circuit of the brake cylinder cavity can be completely isolated, which avoids the risk of unrelieved braking or accidental application of parking caused by the mutual wind between the brake cylinder cavity and the parking cylinder cavity.
  • the two sealed chambers 401 communicate with each other. Specifically, the two sealed chambers communicate with each other through a pipeline arranged outside the parking brake cylinder.
  • the brake piston and the brake cylinder block form a sealed brake chamber.
  • the parking screw 5 is provided with a non-self-locking first trapezoidal thread
  • the center of the parking nut 6 is provided with a non-self-locking second trapezoidal thread
  • the first trapezoidal thread and the second trapezoidal thread are Cooperate.
  • the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the first trapezoidal thread is referred to as the first direction.
  • the relief device 10 when the relief device 10 cooperates with the ratchet wheel 7, the relief device 10 can restrict the rotation of the ratchet wheel 7 in the first direction, thereby restricting the rotation of the parking screw 5 in the first direction, thereby restricting the movement of the parking nut 6 away from the ratchet wheel 7; the relief device When the 10 is separated from the ratchet wheel 7 , the alleviation device 10 releases the restriction on the rotation of the ratchet wheel 7 in the first direction, thereby releasing the restriction on the rotation of the parking screw 5 in the first direction, thereby releasing the restriction on the movement of the parking nut 6 away from the ratchet wheel 7 .
  • the ratchet wheel 7 is provided with a first thread in the center, and is connected with the parking screw 5 through the first thread.
  • the first thread and the first trapezoidal thread have the same rotation direction, that is, the first thread The direction of rotation is opposite to the first direction.
  • the outer ring of the ratchet wheel 7 is provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth 701 evenly distributed along the circumference and with an inclined angle.
  • the direction is the same as the first direction.
  • the inclination direction of the ratchet teeth is determined according to FIG. 1 as the viewing angle.
  • the above-mentioned parking brake cylinder further includes a thrust bearing assembly, and the thrust bearing assembly includes a bearing seat 11 connected with the intermediate body 1 , a first thrust bearing 12 and One side of the first thrust bearing 12 is in contact with the bearing seat 11, and the other side is in contact with the parking screw 5; one side of the second thrust bearing 13 is in contact with the intermediate body 1, and the other side is in contact with the parking screw 5 contacts.
  • the intermediate body 1 is provided with an intermediate sleeve 101
  • the parking screw 5 is sleeved outside the intermediate sleeve 101
  • the bearing seat 11 is connected to the intermediate sleeve 101 .
  • the parking screw 5 is rotatably connected to the intermediate sleeve 101 .
  • Inside the intermediate sleeve 101 there is a brake screw 201 penetrating the intermediate body 1 and the parking cylinder 4.
  • One end of the brake screw 201 is connected to the brake piston 3, and the other end is connected to a braking force applying device (such as a brake disc, brake shoes).
  • a brake piston return spring is sleeved outside the brake screw, and when the brake cylinder cavity is exhausted, the brake piston return spring can push the brake piston to return to the position when the brake cylinder cavity is not inflated.
  • the bearing seat 11 abuts against the parking cylinder 4 so as to limit the axial movement range of the parking screw 5 .
  • the intermediate body 1 is provided with a counterbore corresponding to the compression spring 14 , and the compression spring is limited by the counterbore.
  • a second through hole 102 is provided on the intermediate body 1 at a position corresponding to the dowel rod 8 , and the dowel rod 8 passes through the second through hole 102 .
  • a guide sleeve 15 is provided in the second through hole 102 , and the force transmission rod 8 passes through the guide sleeve 15 .
  • the guide sleeve is used to realize the guide support for the dowel rod, reduce the movement resistance of the dowel rod, and improve the mechanical efficiency of the parking brake cylinder.
  • the outer ring of the parking nut 6 is provided with the same number of third through holes 601 as the dowel rods 8 , and one end of each dowel rod 8 connected to the parking nut 6 passes through a
  • the third through hole 601 is in clearance fit with the third through hole 601 .
  • a limit washer 16 is provided at the end of the connecting end of the dowel rod 8 and the parking nut 6 , and the limit washer 16 is fastened on the dowel rod 8 .
  • the sheet 16 is located between the end of the dowel rod 8 and the parking nut 6 .
  • the dowel bar 8 is in surface contact with the parking nut 6 through the limit washer 16 arranged on one side, so that the parking nut 6 can transmit the force in the first axial direction to the dowel bar 8, but the dowel bar 8 cannot move to the dowel bar 8.
  • the parking nut 6 transmits a force along the first axial direction, and the dowel rod 8 can also limit the rotation of the parking nut 6 .
  • a sealing ring 17 is provided between the parking piston 9 and the sealing chamber 401 .
  • a dynamic seal is formed between the parking piston and the sealing chamber.
  • the mitigation device in this embodiment is an existing commonly used mitigation device.
  • the mitigation device has two working states, namely locked state and released state.
  • the relief device When the relief device is in the locked state, the relief device cooperates with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet to limit the rotation of the ratchet wheel and the parking screw in the first direction, so as to limit the rotation of the parking screw when the parking nut is subjected to an external force that keeps it away from the ratchet, and The rotation of the ratchet and the parking screw is not restricted when the parking nut is subjected to an external force that makes it close to the ratchet; when the relief device is in a released state, the relief device is separated from the ratchet, and the rotation of the ratchet and the parking screw is not restricted.
  • the parking brake cylinder has four working modes depending on whether the mitigation device is in a released state or a locked state, which are: braking and mitigation in a manual release state, braking and mitigation in a charged release state, parking braking, Parking ease.
  • the above four operating modes will be described in detail below.
  • the sealed chamber 401 of the parking cylinder chamber is communicated with the external environment, the pressure in the brake chamber of the brake cylinder chamber is 0, and the relief device is in the release state, and the state of the parking brake cylinder at this time is called the manual release state.
  • the compression spring is compressed to the shortest position, the parking piston is at the rightmost position, and the state diagram of the parking brake cylinder is shown in Figure 1 to Figure 4.
  • the brake cylinder cavity is filled with air, the brake piston moves to the left, and the braking force is applied.
  • the dowel rod is close to the ratchet, and the compression spring is extended under the action of the elastic restoring force, and the compression spring pushes the parking nut to move to the left.
  • the parking screw rotates in the opposite direction to the first direction.
  • the manual release state see Figure 6 and Figure 7 for the state of the parking brake cylinder applying the service brake.
  • the compressed air in the brake cylinder cavity is discharged, the brake piston moves to the right, and the brake is relieved.
  • the relief device is in the released state, the rotation of the parking screw in the first direction is not restricted, so the brake piston is in the braking state.
  • the dowel rod and the parking nut can be driven to the right away from the ratchet wheel, and the compression spring is further compressed. displayed status.
  • the relief device is always in a released state, that is, the ratchet is in a free state, and its rotational movement is not restricted.
  • the parking brake cylinder in the fully relieved state can apply the service braking force when the brake cylinder cavity is filled with air.
  • the parking brake cylinder in the state of charging and releasing, the compressed air in the sealing chamber 401 of the parking cylinder cavity is discharged, and then the air is charged into the brake cylinder cavity, and the parking brake cylinder enters the parking braking state. At this time, the parking brake cylinder applies Braking, this braking force is the parking braking force.
  • the compressed air is discharged from the parking cylinder cavity, so that the relief device is converted from the released state to the locked state, and the brake piston moves to the left.
  • the compression spring stretches under the action of the elastic restoring force, pushes the parking nut to move to the left and approaches the ratchet, the limit washer and the parking nut keep abutting, in this process the ratchet and the parking screw together Rotate in the opposite direction of the first direction.
  • the relief device is in a locked state, but the rotation of the ratchet in the first direction is restricted, but the opposite rotation of the ratchet in the first direction is not restricted, so when the parking nut is subjected to an external force close to the ratchet, the rotation of the parking screw and the ratchet is not limited.
  • the state of the mitigation device can be switched to the release state, and the compressed air in the brake cylinder cavity can be discharged at the same time.
  • the entire parking brake cylinder returns to the manual release state.
  • inflated release state if the mitigation device switches the state through manual release, the entire parking brake cylinder returns to the manual release state after the parking brake is released, if the mitigation device relieves the switching state through inflation, the entire parking brake is released after the parking brake is released. The cylinder returns to the charged release state.
  • the braking force of the parking brake is not applied by the spring force, but is provided by the compressed air in the brake cylinder, and the elastic force generated by the action of the brake cylinder is locked by a mechanical structure,
  • the parking brake is realized, the problem of the reduction of the parking force caused by the fatigue attenuation of the spring is avoided, and the use cost is low in the whole life cycle.
  • the second embodiment of the present application provides another parking brake cylinder, see FIGS. 1 , 14 to 17 , which is different from the parking brake cylinder of the first embodiment in that the mitigation device 10 includes:
  • the pawl assembly cooperates with the ratchet wheel 7;
  • the mitigation body 1001 is provided with a mitigation cavity 1002, and one end of the mitigation body 1001 is provided with an air inlet 1003 that communicates with the mitigation cavity 1002;
  • the hand wedge 1004 one end of the first through hole 1005 on the circumference is arranged in the relief cavity 1002, and the other end extends out of the relief body 1001; the hand wedge 1004 in the relief cavity 1002 is provided with a pawl assembly on the hand wedge 1004 The matching wedge-shaped working surface 1006;
  • the first elastic member 1007 is arranged in the relief cavity 1002, between the hand relief wedge 1004 and the relief body 1001;
  • the sliding member 1008 is arranged in the first through hole 1005;
  • the limiting member 1009 is arranged on the inner wall of the relief body 1001;
  • the relief piston 1010 is arranged in the relief cavity 1002 and is connected with the hand wedge 1004 to form an isolation cavity 1011.
  • the relief piston 1010 is provided with a ventilation hole 1012 connecting the relief cavity 1002 and the isolation cavity 1011, and the diameter of the ventilation hole 1012 is smaller than that of the air inlet. 1003 aperture;
  • the isolation piston 1013 is arranged in the isolation cavity 1011, and the outside of the isolation piston 1013 is provided with a tapered surface 1013-1 matched with the sliding member 1008;
  • the second elastic member 1014 is disposed in the isolation chamber 1011 and located between the isolation piston 1013 and the hand wedge 1004 .
  • the wedge-shaped working surface 1006 is low on the left and high on the right, the right side of the wedge-shaped working surface 1006 connecting with the wedge-shaped working surface 1006 is a horizontal plane; the conical surface of the isolation piston 1013 is high on the left and low on the right.
  • the pawl assembly can be disengaged from the ratchet wheel 7, so that the relief device is in a released state.
  • the compressed air in the relief chamber 1002 pushes the relief piston 1010 to move leftward, and at the same time drives the hand relief wedge 1004 to move leftward, thereby compressing the first elastic member 1007, and pushing the pawl assembly to move upward along the wedge-shaped working surface 1006, so that the The pawl assembly moves upward, and when the hand wedge 1004 is in the relief position, the pawl assembly runs along the wedge-shaped working surface 1006 to a horizontal plane, thereby keeping the relief device in a released state.
  • the first through hole 1005 is aligned with the limiting member 1009, the compressed air pushes the isolation piston 1013 to move to the left, and then closes to the hand wedge 1004, compressing the second elastic member 1014, and the tapered surface of the isolation piston 1013 makes it connect with the first through hole 1013.
  • the gap of the hole 1005 becomes larger, so the isolation piston 1013 no longer presses the sliding member 1008 , and the sliding member 1008 retreats into the first through hole 1005 .
  • Figure 15 is only an embodiment of the mitigation device. In actual application, the inclination directions of the wedge-shaped working surface and the tapered surface are adaptively adjusted according to the matching relationship between the mitigation device and the ratchet.
  • the thrust of the isolation piston 1013 is transmitted to the hand wedge 1004 through the second elastic member 1014, and the thrust of the relief piston 1010 is directly transmitted to the hand wedge 1004, thereby pushing the hand wedge 1004 to move to the left to drive the pawl assembly to disengage from the ratchet Tooth 701, while the conical surface 1013-1 of the isolation piston is in contact with the sliding member 1008 in the first through hole 1005, with the left and right movement of the isolation piston 1013, the sliding member 1008 moves in the axial direction of the hole in the first through hole 1005 , the sliding member 1008 is extruded outward to realize the locking of the hand wedge 1004, and the inward retraction of the sliding member 1008 is the release of the hand wedge 1004, completing the locking and unlocking of the release state of the release device.
  • the axial movement of the isolation piston 1013 is converted into the radial movement of the sliding member 1008, and a large radial locking force is achieved with a small axial force, thereby ensuring the reliability of locking
  • the mitigation device further includes a sealing assembly including a first seal 1015 provided between the mitigation piston 1010 and the mitigation body 1001 and a second seal provided between the mitigation piston 1010 and the isolation piston 1013 Piece 1016.
  • the first sealing member is a sealing ring
  • the sealing ring can be an O-ring, a K-ring, or a sealing ring with other cross-sectional shapes.
  • the sealing ring can be installed on the relief piston or on the relief body. , used to seal the gap between the relief piston and relief body.
  • the second seal is a sealing ring.
  • the sealing ring can be an O-ring, a K-ring, or a sealing ring with other cross-sectional shapes.
  • the sealing ring can be installed on the relief piston or on the isolation piston. The seal relieves the gap between the piston and the isolation.
  • the hand wedge 1004 and the relief piston 1010 are connected together by interference press fitting or bonding or threading, and the relief piston 1010 and the hand relief wedge 1004 are coaxial to ensure that the relief piston 1010 is connected to the hand relief piston 1010 .
  • the wedge 1004 moves as a whole when assembled.
  • the hand wedge 1004 includes:
  • the hand-pull body 1004-1, the first end of the hand-pull body is arranged in the relief cavity 1002, and the second end of the hand-pull body extends out of the relief body 1001;
  • the wedge body 1004-2 is arranged in the relief cavity 101, the first end of the wedge body is connected with the first end portion of the pull body 1004-1, and the first through hole 1005 is arranged at the second end of the wedge body On the circumference of , the wedge-shaped working surface 1006 is located on the wedge body 1004-2.
  • the connecting portion of the pull body 1004-1 and the wedge body 1004-2 is further provided with a blocking portion 1004-3, and the first elastic member 1007 is sleeved on the outside of the pull body 1004-1, and is limited to the outside of the pull body 1004-1.
  • the blocking portion 1004 - 3 and the mitigation body 1001 Between the blocking portion 1004 - 3 and the mitigation body 1001 .
  • the blocking portion 1004 - 3 can compress the first elastic member 1007 .
  • the pawl assembly includes a pawl 1017 and a bearing 1018 disposed in the relief cavity 1002 , the first end of the pawl 1017 is set to a tooth shape, and cooperates with the ratchet tooth 701 , the pawl 1017
  • the second end of the tumbler is connected to the bearing 1018 through the relief body 1001 and the wedge body 1004-2, and the bearing 1018 cooperates with the wedge-shaped working surface 1006.
  • the bearing 1018 can move relatively along the wedge-shaped working surface 1006 when the hand wedge 1004 moves left and right, and then lift up or move downward with the height of the wedge-shaped working surface 1006 to realize the separation or cooperation of the pawl 1017 and the ratchet 7 .
  • the relief device further includes a third elastic member 1019 , and the third elastic member 1019 is located between the relief body 1001 and the boss 1020 provided near the first end of the pawl 1017 .
  • the ratchet assembly is pressed against the wedge-shaped working surface 1006 of the hand wedge through the third elastic piece 1019, so that the ratchet assembly can be reset easily.
  • the bearing 1018 is pressed on the wedge-shaped working surface 1006 of the hand wedge through the third elastic member 1019 through the pawl 1017, the bearing 1018 rolls along the wedge-shaped working surface 1006, and simultaneously drives the pawl 1017 to move along its own axis.
  • the relief device further includes a damping member, which is arranged in the isolation chamber 1011 , is located between the isolation piston 1013 and the hand wedge 1004 , and is arranged in parallel with the second elastic member 1014 .
  • the damping element can delay the movement of the isolation piston, so that the relief piston moves before the isolation piston, so as to ensure that the hand wedge is not locked when the parking brake is applied by the exhaust of the parking cylinder.
  • the second sealing member is made of rubber material. Therefore, the second sealing member can also play the role of delaying the movement of the damping member, and can also be regarded as a damping member.
  • the first elastic member, the second elastic member and the third elastic member are all return springs.
  • the sliding member is a steel ball, but it is not limited to a steel ball, and may also be other structures such as a columnar body.
  • the limiting member is a groove provided on the inner wall of the relief body, but is not limited to the groove, and may also be a baffle plate installed on the inner wall of the relief body.
  • the air inlet 1003 of the mitigation chamber 1002 is communicated with the sealing chamber 401, so that the parking cylinder chamber can be charged and exhausted synchronously with the mitigation chamber, so as to realize the synergistic effect of the parking brake cylinder and the mitigation device.
  • the parking cylinder cavity is generally in the state of air filling and relief, that is, the parking cylinder cavity is filled with compressed air. Since the air inlet of the mitigation device is connected to the charging port of the parking cylinder, see Figure 15 and Figure 17. Compressed air The relief device is charged from the air inlet 1003, so that the pawl 1017 is separated from the ratchet wheel 7, and the relief device is in a released state.
  • the compressed air in the relief chamber pushes the relief piston 1010 to move to the left, and at the same time drives the hand wedge 1004 to move to the left, compresses the first elastic member 1007, and pushes the pawl assembly to move upward along the wedge-shaped working surface 1006 of the hand wedge, so that the ratchet
  • the pawl 1017 moves upward and the pawl 1017 travels along the wedge-shaped working surface 1006 to a higher level, thereby maintaining the relief device in a released state.
  • the compressed air pushes the isolation piston 1013 to the left, compresses the hand wedge 1004, and compresses the second elastic member 1014, so that the gap between the cone surface of the isolation piston 1013 and the first through hole 1005 becomes larger, so that the steel ball is no longer squeezed.
  • the steel ball returns to the first through hole 1005 of the hand wedge.
  • the parking cylinder cavity will be filled with a certain amount of compressed air, so the relief cavity connected to the parking cylinder cavity is also filled with compressed air, and the relief device is in a released state.
  • the parking brake cylinder cannot apply the parking brake. power.
  • the compressed air in the parking cylinder cavity is emptied, and the compressed air in the mitigation cavity of the mitigation device is also emptied. Referring to FIGS. 18 and 19 , under the action of the first elastic member 1007 , the hand wedge 1004 moves to the right together with the relief piston 1010 .
  • the discharge rate of the compressed air in the isolation piston 1013 controlled by the vent hole 1012 is much smaller than the discharge rate of the compressed air in the relief chamber 1002, during the rightward movement of the relief piston 1010, the second elastic member 1014 is still compressed, and the isolation piston 1013
  • the hand wedge 1004 is still pressed, and the steel ball is still in the first through hole 1005 of the hand wedge, so that the piston 1010 can smoothly move to the right.
  • the pawl assembly moves downward along the wedge-shaped working surface 1006 of the hand wedge, the pawl assembly restores the locking of the ratchet wheel 7, and the relief device enters the locked state.
  • the setting of the vent hole can relieve the asynchronous movement of the piston and the isolation piston during the charging and exhausting process, so as to ensure that the hand wedge is not locked during the process of applying the parking brake by exhausting the parking cylinder cavity. Switch to locked state.
  • the sliding member 1008 is used in cooperation with the limiting member 1009 to achieve locking and unlocking of the release state of the release device.
  • the locking of the release state of the release device means that filling the parking cylinder cavity with a medium lower than the working pressure will not cause the release device to switch from the release state to the lock state.
  • the situations in which the mitigation device needs to be locked in the released state are: when the vehicle on which the parking brake is applied fails, and the parking cylinder cannot be charged with compressed air to switch the mitigation device from the locked state to the released state, the faulty vehicle needs to be rescued.
  • the brake cylinder cavity is filled with medium, and the brake piston can pass the brake wire.
  • the lever applies the service braking force to ensure that the faulty vehicle can apply the service braking force during rescue.
  • the parking brake needs to be relieved manually, that is, the hand wedge is pulled to the left by external force, and the pawl assembly is at the same time. Move upward along the wedge-shaped working surface of the hand wedge, and drive the pawl to move up in the axial direction to unlock the ratchet, and the parking brake is relieved. At this time, the parking brake cylinder is in the manual release state. Referring to Figure 20 and Figure 21, under the action of the second elastic member 1014, the isolation piston 1013 is pushed to the right to squeeze the steel ball.
  • the steel ball automatically pops up, and the steel ball is automatically ejected by the limiting member.
  • 1009 limit restrict the hand wedge 1004 from moving to the right, keep the hand wedge 1004 in the relieved position, and the relief device is locked in the release state, at this time, because the steel ball is blocked by the limiter 1009, the hand wedge 1004 cannot move to the right Even if the compressed air in the brake air duct (due to a fault, only the compressed air in the brake air duct is available) is charged into the parking cylinder cavity, the mitigation device cannot be switched from the released state to the locked state, that is, the parking brake.
  • the parking cylinder cavity of the moving cylinder is isolated, because the air pressure of the brake air duct is far less than the working pressure of the parking cylinder cavity, so the air entering the relief device is not enough for the isolation piston to compress the second elastic member, so that the steel ball returns to the first elastic member. in the through hole.
  • the parking brake cylinder still has the service braking function, that is, the braking and relief functions of the brake cylinder cavity are normal, and the brake cylinder cavity is filled with compressed air, and the brake piston can still push the brake Apply the service brake with the moving screw.
  • the relief device (the medium that is not lower than the working pressure is charged into the parking cylinder cavity) is charged with compressed air of the set pressure value, the second elastic member 1014 is compressed, and the steel ball returns to the first through hole 1005 Inside, when re-exhausting, the hand wedge 1004 moves to the right under the action of the first elastic member 1007, the pawl assembly moves downward along its own axis direction, locks the ratchet 7, and the relief device enters the locked state.
  • the braking mitigation principle of the parking brake cylinder in this embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment, except that the mitigation device used is different.
  • the mitigation device adopted in this embodiment can not only realize the switch from charging to the release state, thereby relieving the parking brake, or manually switch to the release state, thereby relieving the parking brake, and also has the function of isolating the parking cylinder cavity, which can
  • the pressure signal in the cavity that is, the source of the driving force for the hand wedge movement responds differently to the inflation relief switching mode and the manual relief switching mode.
  • the hand wedge In the manual relief switching mode, the hand wedge can be locked in the relief position, allowing the relief device It is always in the released state, that is, the parking cylinder cavity is isolated, and the parking brake cannot be applied until the next parking cylinder cavity is filled with rated compressed air, and the second elastic member 1014 is compressed again, so that the steel ball returns to the first through hole 1005
  • the limiter 1009 releases the lock of the rightward movement of the hand wedge
  • the mitigation device automatically returns to the state where the parking cylinder cavity is not isolated, and the parking brake cylinder can continue to apply the parking brake and the parking relief.
  • the parking cylinder cavity is isolated, which can effectively prevent accidental charging and exhausting of the parking cylinder cavity under rescue conditions, resulting in the accidental application of the parking brake, ensuring that the release state of the mitigation device is stable and reliable.
  • the third embodiment of the present application provides a brake caliper unit, see FIG. 22 , the brake caliper unit includes a caliper arm assembly 18 and a parking brake cylinder 19 , the parking brake cylinder 19 is connected by a connecting bolt 20 Articulated with the caliper arm assembly 18 , the parking brake cylinder 19 adopts the above-mentioned parking brake cylinder, that is, the parking brake cylinder of the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
  • the clamp arm acts as a force transmission lever, and the braking output force of the parking brake cylinder 19 is transmitted to the brake pad holder 21 through the clamp arm.
  • the brake caliper unit is installed on the bogie frame of the rail transit vehicle, and the brake disc is tightened by the brake pad, and the kinetic energy of the train is transferred by the friction between the brake pad on the brake pad holder and the brake disc. Converted into heat dissipation to achieve the effect of slowing down or stopping.

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Abstract

一种停放制动缸及制动夹钳单元，停放制动缸包括：制动缸体（2）与中间体（1）组成的制动缸腔，其内部设有制动活塞（3）；停放缸体（4）与中间体（1）组成的停放缸腔，其内设至少两个密封腔室（401）；放置于停放缸腔内的传力组件；传力组件包括停放丝杠（5）、套于停放丝杠（5）外部的停放螺母（6）及套于停放丝杠（5）另一端的棘轮（7）；至少两个传力杆（8），其一端连接制动活塞（3），另一端穿过中间体（1）连接停放螺母（6）；套于传力杆（8）上的设于中间体（1）与停放螺母（6）之间的压缩弹簧（140）；与密封腔室（401）对应设置的多个停放活塞（9），呈圆周对称安装于停放螺母（6）上；缓解装置（10），与棘轮（7）配合。

Description

停放制动缸及制动夹钳单元
本申请要求在2021年01月04日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110001861.1、发明名称为“停放制动缸及制动夹钳单元”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于轨道交通技术领域，涉及轨道车辆制动技术，具体地说，涉及一种停放制动缸及制动夹钳单元。
背景技术
轨道交通车辆用制动装置都具有停放制动功能，其中，大部分停放制动由压缩弹簧施加，其停放制动的工作原理为：向停放缸充入压缩空气停放制动缓解，排出压缩空气靠压缩弹簧力施加停放制动。例如：授权公告号为CN101788942B的中国发明专利公开的一种具有带可变的传动比的力转换传动装置的组合缸，包括：一作为主动的行车制动器的行车制动缸，该行车制动缸具有至少一个压力介质操作的行车制动活塞，所述行车制动活塞通过行车制动杆操作一制动机构；以及一作为被动的驻车制动器的弹簧蓄能器制动缸，该弹簧蓄能器制动缸具有一压力介质操作克服至少一个蓄能器弹簧的作用的弹簧蓄能器制动活塞，其中所述弹簧蓄能器制动活塞在驻车制动情况下将所述至少一个蓄能弹簧的力通过一进行力转换的传动装置传递到行车制动活塞杆上，所述传动装置使得弹簧蓄能器制动活塞和行车制动活塞杆的运动是同轴的并且力转换比随着弹簧蓄能器制动活塞的行程增加而变大。上述停放制动的源动力均由压缩弹簧施加。
由压缩弹簧施加停放制动存在以下问题：(1)弹簧施加的停放制动力会随时间出现弹簧疲劳衰减，导致停放制动缸的停放制动力减小，影响车辆的停放稳定性，且压缩弹簧循环动作一定次数之后，压缩弹簧就需要报废更换新件，增加了产品的全寿命周期，使用成本高。(2)由于弹簧力存在波动导致制动装置最终输出的停放制动力也在一个较大范围内波动，无法精确控制停放制动力。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种停放制动缸及制动夹钳单元。
为了达到上述目的，本申请提供了一种停放制动缸，包括：
中间体；
制动缸体，与所述中间体组成制动缸腔；
制动活塞，设于所述制动缸腔内；
停放缸体，与所述中间体组成停放缸腔，所述停放缸腔内设至少两个密封腔室；
传力单元，包括：
传力组件，放置于所述停放缸腔内，所述传力组件包括停放丝杠、套于所述停放丝杠外部的停放螺母以及套于所述停放丝杠一端的棘轮；
至少两个传力杆，呈对称布置，所述传力杆的第一端连接所述制动活塞，所述传力杆的第二端穿过所述中间体连接所述停放螺母；
压缩弹簧，套于所述传力杆上，设于所述中间体与所述停放螺母之间；
至少两个停放活塞，呈对称安装于所述停放螺母上，每一所述停放活塞均与一所述密封腔室对应设置；
缓解装置，与所述棘轮配合。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述停放丝杠设有非自锁的第一梯形螺纹，所述停放螺母中心设有非自锁的第二梯形螺纹，所述第一梯形螺纹与所述第二梯形螺纹配合。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述棘轮中心设有第一螺纹，所述棘轮与所述停放丝杠通过所述第一螺纹连接在一起，所述第一螺纹与所述第一梯形螺纹的旋向相同。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述棘轮的外圈设有多个沿圆周均布且带倾斜角度的棘齿，所述棘齿的倾斜方向与所述第一螺纹旋向相反。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述缓解装置包括：
棘爪组件，与所述棘轮配合；
缓解体，内设缓解腔，所述缓解体的一端设有连通所述缓解腔的进气口；
手缓楔，其圆周上设有第一通孔的一端设于所述缓解腔内，另一端伸出所述缓解体；设于所述缓解腔内的所述手缓楔上设有与所述棘爪组件配合的楔形工作面；
第一弹性件，设于所述缓解腔内，位于所述手缓楔与所述缓解体之间；
滑动件，设于所述第一通孔内；
限位件，设于所述缓解体内壁上；
缓解活塞，设于所述缓解腔内，与所述手缓楔连接形成隔离腔，所述缓解活塞上设有连通所述缓解腔与所述隔离腔的通气孔，所述通气孔的孔径小于所述进气口的孔径；
隔离活塞，设于所述隔离腔内，所述隔离活塞外部设有与所述滑动件配合的锥面；
第二弹性件，设于所述隔离腔内，位于所述隔离活塞与所述手缓楔之间。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述缓解装置还包括密封组件，所述密封组件包括设于所述缓解活塞与所述缓解体之间的第一密封件和设于所述缓解活塞与所述隔离活塞之间的第 二密封件。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述手缓楔，包括：
手拉体，所述手拉体的第一端部设于所述缓解腔内，所述手拉体的第二端部伸出所述缓解体；
楔体，设于所述缓解腔内，所述楔体的第一端部与所述手拉体的第一端部连接，所述第一通孔设于所述楔体的第二端部的圆周上，所述楔形工作面位于所述楔体上。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述棘爪组件包括棘爪和设于所述缓解腔内的轴承，所述棘爪的第一端部设为齿状，与所述棘齿配合，所述棘爪的第二端部穿过所述缓解体与所述轴承连接，所述轴承与所述楔形工作面配合。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述缓解装置还包括第三弹性件，所述第三弹性件位于所述缓解体与设于所述棘爪第一端部的凸台之间。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述缓解装置还包括阻尼件，设于所述隔离腔内，位于所述隔离活塞与所述手缓楔之间，并与所述第二弹性件并列布置。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述停放制动缸还包括推力轴承组件，所述推力轴承组件包括与所述中间体连接或与所述停放缸体相抵的轴承座、设于所述停放丝杠两端的第一推力轴承和第二推力轴承；所述第一推力轴承一侧与所述轴承座接触，另一侧与所述停放丝杠接触；所述第二推力轴承一侧与所述中间体接触，另一侧与所述停放丝杠接触。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述中间体设有中间套管，所述停放丝杠套装于所述中间套管上，所述轴承座与所述中间套管连接。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述中间体上设有与所述压缩弹簧对应的沉孔。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述中间体上对应所述传力杆的位置设有第二通孔，所述第二通孔内设有导向套筒，所述传力杆从所述导向套筒内穿过。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述停放螺母的外圈设有数量与所述传力杆相同的第三通孔，每一所述传力杆与所述停放螺母连接的一端均穿过一所述第三通孔，并与所述第三通孔间隙配合。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述传力杆与所述停放螺母连接一端的端部设有限位垫片，所限位垫片紧固在所述传力杆上，所述限位垫片位于所述传力杆的端部与所述停放螺母之间。
在本申请一些实施例中，所述停放活塞与所述密封腔室之间设有密封圈。
为了达到上述目的，本申请还提供了一种制动夹钳单元，包括夹钳臂组件和上述停放制动缸，所述停放制动缸通过连接螺栓与所述夹钳臂组件的夹钳臂铰接。
与现有技术相比，本申请的优点和积极效果在于：
(1)本申请取消了停放弹簧结构，采用至少两个分散且呈圆周布置的停放活塞与密封腔室配合，停放制动的制动力不靠弹簧力施加，由制动缸内的压缩空气提供，并将机械结构因制动缸动作而产生的弹性力锁住，实现停放制动，避免了弹簧疲劳衰减而导致停放力减小的问题，全寿命周期内使用成本低。
(2)本申请停放制动力的大小可通过调节充入制动缸腔内的压缩空气灵活调节。
附图说明
图1为本申请第一种实施方式的的停放制动缸的侧视图，其中缓解装置处于释放状态；
图2为图1沿剖面线C-C的剖视图
图3为图1沿剖面线A-A的剖视图；
图4为图1沿剖面线B-B的剖视图；
图5为本申请第一种实施方式的停放制动缸的侧视图，其中停放制动缸处于人工释放状态；
图6为图5沿剖面线A-A的剖视图；
图7为图5沿剖面线B-B的剖视图；
图8为本申请第一种实施方式的停放制动缸侧视图，其中停放制动缸处于充气释放状态；
图9为图8沿剖面线A-A的剖视图；
图10为图8沿剖面线B-B的剖视图；
图11为本申请第一种实施方式的停放制动缸的侧视图，其中停放制动缸处于停放制动状态；
图12为图11沿剖面线A-A的剖视图；
图13为图11沿剖面线B-B的剖视图；
图14为本申请第二种实施方式的停放制动缸其缓解装置的结构示意图；
图15为本申请第二种实施方式的停放制动缸其缓解装置充风缓解状态时的结构示意图；
图16为图15中A部分的放大图；
图17为图15中B部分的放大图；
图18为本申请第二种实施方式的停放制动缸处于停放制动状态时其缓解装置的状态图；
图19为图18中A部分的放大图；
图20为本申请第二种实施方式的停放制动缸处于人工释放状态时其缓解装置的状态图；
图21为图20中A部分的放大图；
图22为本申请第三种实施方式的制动夹钳单元的结构示意图。
图中，1、中间体，101、中间套管，102、第二通孔，2、制动缸体，201、制动丝杠，3、制动活塞，4、停放缸体，401、密封腔室，5、停放丝杠，6、停放螺母，601、第三通孔，7、棘轮，701、棘齿，8、传力杆，9、停放活塞，10、缓解装置，1001、缓解体，1002、缓解腔，1003、进气口，1004、手缓楔，1004-1、手拉体，1004-2、楔体，1004-3、阻挡部，1005、第一通孔，1006、楔形工作面，1007、第一弹性件，1008、滑动件，1009、限位件，1010、缓解活塞，1011、隔离腔，1012、通气孔，1013、隔离活塞，1013-1、锥面，1014、第二弹性件，1015、第一密封件，1016、第二密封件，1017、棘爪，1018、轴承，1019、第三弹性件，1020、凸台，11、轴承座，12、第一推力轴承，13、第二推力轴承，14、压缩弹簧，15、导向套筒，16、限位垫片，17、密封圈，18、夹钳臂组件，19、停放制动缸，20、连接螺栓，21、闸片托。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施方式对本申请的技术方案进行详实的阐述，然而应当理解，在没有进一步叙述的情况下，一个实施方式中的元件、结构和特征也可以有益地结合到其他实施方式中。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图2所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
所述的实施方式仅仅是对本申请的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本申请的范围进行限定，在不脱离本申请设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本申请的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本申请权利要求书确定的保护范围内。在列车运行或短暂停车时，可通过向制动缸充风施加制动，由制动缸施加的制动称为行车制动。当车辆长时间停放，为防止列车因无风施加制动而导致溜车，可通过停放缸施加制动，由停放缸施加的制动称为停放制动。停放缸和制动缸集成在一起，称为停放制动缸。轴向是指沿制动丝杠的轴线方向，也即制动活塞运动的方向。另外，沿轴向，且由制动缸体指向停放缸体的方向为第一轴向。
参见图1至图4，为本申请第一种实施方式提供的停放制动缸，包括：
中间体1；
制动缸体2，与中间体1组成制动缸腔；
制动活塞3，设于制动缸腔内；
停放缸体4，与中间体1组成停放缸腔，停放缸体4内设两个密封腔室401；
传力单元，包括：
传力组件，放置于停放缸腔内，传力组件包括停放丝杠5、套设于停放丝杠5一端的停放螺母6以及套设于停放丝杠5另一端的棘轮7；
两个传力杆8，呈对称布置，传力杆8的第一端连接制动活塞3，传力杆8的第二端穿过中间体1连接停放螺母6；
压缩弹簧14，套于传力杆8上，设于中间体1与停放螺母6之间；
两个停放活塞9，呈对称安装于停放螺母6上，与密封腔室401对应设置；停放活塞9动作时在密封腔室401内轴向移动；
缓解装置10，与棘轮7配合，以控制棘轮7的旋转，从而控制停放丝杠5与停放螺母6的相对转动。当然传力杆、停放活塞、密封腔室数量可以是多于两个，只要三者分别沿圆周均匀布置，且停放活塞和密封腔数量一对一对应即可。
本实施方式提供的停放制动缸，取消了在停放缸腔内设置停放弹簧结构，采用两个分散且呈圆周布置的停放活塞与密封腔室配合，停放制动的制动力不靠弹簧力施加，由制动缸内的压缩空气提供。该停放制动缸通过缓解装置与棘轮配合，控制停放螺母和停放丝杠之间能否旋出，进而控制两者之间力的传递与否；通过控制传力杆与停放螺母力的传递，控制停放螺母与制动活塞之间力的传递，进而实现停放制动的施加与缓解。
中间体同时为制动缸腔和停放缸腔的安装基体，结构更紧凑，能够明显减轻整个停放制动缸的重量，减小了停放制动缸的体积，提高了产品的空间适应性。与两个密封腔室配 合的停放活塞面积较小，减小了停放缸腔的压缩空气需求量。套设于传力杆上的压缩弹簧在较小的压力下即可被停放活塞完全压缩，停放活塞的所需缓解压力远小于传统靠弹簧施加停放制动的停放缸的最小完全缓解压力，意外施加停放制动的风险更低。
停放活塞和压缩弹簧呈对称布置，保证停放螺母所受的合力和轴线重合，运动稳定性较高。该停放制动缸，其停放缸腔和制动缸腔气路可以是完全隔离的，避免了制动缸腔和停放缸腔相互串风导致的制动不缓解或停放意外施加等风险。
为了使两个停放活塞能够同步运动，防止制动力施加不均匀，两个密封腔室401相互连通。具体地，两个密封腔室通过设置在停放制动缸外部的管路实现连通。制动活塞与制动缸体形成密封的制动腔室。
具体地，继续参见图3、图4，停放丝杠5设有非自锁的第一梯形螺纹，停放螺母6中心设有非自锁的第二梯形螺纹，第一梯形螺纹与第二梯形螺纹配合。在本实施方式中，为便于描述，称与第一梯形螺纹旋向相反的方向为第一方向。由于停放螺母6的旋转被传力杆8限制，在停放螺母6受到使其远离棘轮7的外力时，若棘轮7的转动未被限制，则棘轮7会沿第一方向转动，停放螺母6进而远离棘轮7；若棘轮7沿第一方向的转动被限制，则停放螺母6无法远离棘轮7。
具体地，当缓解装置10与棘轮7配合时，缓解装置10可限制棘轮7第一方向转动，从而限制停放丝杠5第一方向的转动，进而限制停放螺母6远离棘轮7的运动；缓解装置10与棘轮7分离时，缓解装置10解除对棘轮7第一方向转动的限制，从而解除对停放丝杠5第一方向转动的限制，进而解除对停放螺母6远离棘轮7运动的限制。
具体地，继续参见图3、图4，棘轮7中心设有第一螺纹，与停放丝杠5通过第一螺纹连接在一起，第一螺纹与第一梯形螺纹的旋向相同，即第一螺纹的旋向与第一方向相反。
具体地，继续参见图1，棘轮7的外圈设有多个沿圆周均布且带倾斜角度的棘齿701，棘齿701的倾斜方向与第一螺纹旋向相反，即棘齿701的倾斜方向与第一方向相同。其中棘齿的倾斜方向是以图1作为观察视角而定的。
继续参见图3、图4，上述停放制动缸还包括推力轴承组件，所述推力轴承组件包括与中间体1连接的轴承座11、分别设于停放丝杠5两端的第一推力轴承12和的第二推力轴承13；第一推力轴承12一侧与轴承座11接触，另一侧与停放丝杠5接触；第二推力轴承13一侧与中间体1接触，另一侧与停放丝杠5接触。
具体地，继续参见图3、图4，中间体1设有中间套管101，所述停放丝杠5套装于中间套管101外部，所述轴承座11与中间套管101连接。停放丝杠5与中间套管101可转动的连接。中间套管101内部设有贯穿中间体1和停放缸体4的制动丝杠201，制动丝 杠201一端与制动活塞3连接，另一端连接至制动力施加装置(如制动盘，制动闸瓦)。制动丝杠外部套设有制动活塞复位弹簧，制动活塞复位弹簧在制动缸腔排气时，可推动制动活塞恢复到制动缸腔未充气时的位置。
在另一具体实施方式中，轴承座11与停放缸体4相抵，从而限定停放丝杠5的轴向运动范围。
具体地，继续参见图3、图4，中间体1上设有与压缩弹簧14对应的沉孔，通过沉孔对压缩弹簧进行限位。
具体地，继续参见图3、图4，中间体1上对应传力杆8的位置设有第二通孔102，所述传力杆8从第二通孔102内穿过。第二通孔102内设有导向套筒15，所述传力杆8从导向套筒15内穿过。通过导向套筒实现对传力杆的导向支撑并减小传力杆的运动阻力，提高停放制动缸的机械效率。
具体地，继续参见图3、图4，停放螺母6的外圈设有数量与传力杆8相同的第三通孔601，每一传力杆8与停放螺母6连接的一端均穿过一第三通孔601，并与该第三通孔601间隙配合。
具体地，继续参见图3、图4，传力杆8与停放螺母6连接一端的端部设有限位垫片16，限位垫片16紧固在传力杆8上，所述限位垫片16位于传力杆8的端部与停放螺母6之间。传力杆8通过设置在一侧的限位垫片16与停放螺母6面接触，使停放螺母6能向传力杆8传递沿第一轴向方向的力，而传力杆8却不能向停放螺母6传递沿第一轴向的力，同时传力杆8还能限制停放螺母6转动。
具体地，继续参见图4，停放活塞9与密封腔室401之间设有密封圈17。在停放活塞与密封腔室之间形成动密封。
具体地，本实施方式中缓解装置为现有常用的缓解装置。缓解装置有两种工作状态，分别为锁定状态和释放状态。当缓解装置处于锁定状态时，缓解装置与棘轮的棘齿配合，可限制棘轮和停放丝杠第一方向的转动，从而在停放螺母受到使其远离棘轮的外力时限制停放丝杠的转动，而不限制停放螺母受到使其靠近棘轮的外力时棘轮和停放丝杠的转动；当缓解装置处于释放状态时，缓解装置与棘轮分离，棘轮和停放丝杠的转动不受限制。
本实施方式停放制动缸根据缓解装置处于释放状态还是锁定状态的不同，共有四种工作模式，分别为：人工释放状态的制动与缓解，充气释放状态的制动与缓解，停放制动，停放缓解。以下分别对上述四种工作模式分别进行详细说明。
人工释放状态的制动与缓解
停放缸腔的密封腔室401与外部环境连通，制动缸腔的制动腔室中的压力为0，缓解 装置处于释放状态，将停放制动缸此时的状态称为人工释放状态，此时停放螺母位于最右端位置，压缩弹簧被压缩到最短位置，停放活塞位于最右端位置，停放制动缸状态图详见图1至图4。此时，向制动缸腔充风，制动活塞向左运动，施加制动力，同时传力杆靠近棘轮，压缩弹簧在弹性恢复力作用下伸长，并且压缩弹簧推动停放螺母向左移动，在此过程中停放丝杆沿与第一方向相反的方向转动，人工释放状态下，停放制动缸施加行车制动的状态参见图6、图7。然后排出制动缸腔内的压缩空气，制动活塞向右移动，制动缓解，同时由于缓解装置处于释放状态，停放丝杠沿第一方向的转动未被限制，因而制动活塞在制动活塞复位弹簧作用下可带动传力杆、停放螺母向右远离棘轮，压缩弹簧被进一步压缩，在此过程中停放丝杠可沿第一方向转动，整个停放制动缸恢复到图1至4所示的状态。参见图5至图7，在制动缸充、排气过程中缓解装置始终处于释放状态，即棘轮处于自由状态，其旋转运动不受约束。处于完全缓解状态下的停放制动缸，当制动缸腔充风时，可施加行车制动力。
充气释放状态的制动与缓解
向停放缸腔充入不低于设定压力的压缩空气，可使停放制动缸进入充气释放状态，即，停放缸腔的密封腔室有压力，缓解装置处于释放状态，这时向制动缸腔充风，制动活塞向左运动，施加制动，同时传力杆向左移动，但停放活塞在压缩空气的作用下，保持在最右端位置，同时将停放螺母保持在最右端位置，在此过程中停放丝杠保持静止，充气释放状态下，停放制动缸施加制动的状态参见图8至图10。然后排出制动缸腔内的压缩空气，制动活塞向右移动，制动缓解，同时带动传力杆向右移动，停放螺母继续保持在最右端位置，停放丝杠继续保持静止，整个停放制动缸恢复到图1至4所示的状态。
停放制动状态
充气释放状态下的停放制动缸，排出停放缸腔密封腔室401内的压缩空气，再向制动缸腔充风，停放制动缸进而进入停放制动状态，此时停放制动缸施加制动，此制动力即为停放制动力，由充气释放状态转换为停放制动状态的过程中，停放缸腔排出压缩空气，使得缓解装置由释放状态转换为锁定状态，制动活塞向左移动，带动传力杆向左移动，压缩弹簧在弹性恢复力作用下伸长，推动停放螺母向左移动靠近棘轮，限位垫片和停放螺母保持贴靠，在此过程中棘轮连同停放丝杠一起沿第一方向相反的方向转动。缓解装置处于锁定状态，但因棘轮沿第一方向的转动被限制，但棘轮沿第一方向相反的转动未被限制，因而在停放螺母受到靠近棘轮的外力时，停放丝杠和棘轮的转动未被限制，但在停放螺母受到远离棘轮的外力时，棘轮和停放丝杠的转动被限制，因而停放螺母只能靠近棘轮而不能远离棘轮。若制动缸腔内的压缩空气发生泄漏导致制动活塞的推力降低，制动活塞由于两 侧的压力差有向右移动复位的趋势，但无法带动传力杆、限位垫片、停放螺母一起向右移动远离棘轮。在缓解装置处于锁定状态时，尽管停放螺母在制动活塞的作用下有远离棘轮的趋势，但棘轮和停放丝杠沿第一方向的转动被限制，因而停放丝杠无法转动，即停放螺母不能向右移动，同时停放螺母将传力杆和制动活塞保持在当前位置，停放制动缸保持在停放制动状态不变，此时停放制动缸的状态参见图11至图13。
停放缓解状态
在停放制动状态下若需要缓解停放制动，可将缓解装置的状态切换为释放状态，同时排出制动缸腔内的压缩空气，停放制动缓解后整个停放制动缸恢复到人工释放状态或充气释放状态，若缓解装置通过手动缓解切换状态，则停放制动缓解后整个停放制动缸恢复到人工释放状态，若缓解装置通过充气缓解切换状态，则停放制动缓解后整个停放制动缸恢复到充气释放状态。
上述实施方式提供的停放制动缸，停放制动的制动力不靠弹簧力施加，由制动缸内的压缩空气提供，并采用机械结构将因制动缸动作而产生的弹性力锁住，实现停放制动，避免了弹簧疲劳衰减而导致停放力减小的问题，全寿命周期内使用成本低。
本申请第二种实施方式提供了另一种停放制动缸，参见图1、图14至图17，其与第一种实施方式的停放制动缸的区别在于，缓解装置10包括：
棘爪组件，与棘轮7配合；
缓解体1001，内设缓解腔1002，缓解体1001的一端设有连通缓解腔1002的进气口1003；
手缓楔1004，其圆周上设有第一通孔1005的一端设于缓解腔1002内，另一端伸出缓解体1001；设于缓解腔1002内的手缓楔1004上设有与棘爪组件配合的楔形工作面1006；
第一弹性件1007，设于缓解腔1002内，位于手缓楔1004与缓解体1001之间；
滑动件1008，设于第一通孔1005内；
限位件1009，设于缓解体1001内壁上；
缓解活塞1010，设于缓解腔1002内，与手缓楔1004连接形成隔离腔1011，缓解活塞1010上设有连通缓解腔1002与隔离腔1011的通气孔1012，通气孔1012的孔径小于进气口1003的孔径；
隔离活塞1013，设于隔离腔1011内，隔离活塞1013外部设有与滑动件1008配合的锥面1013-1；
第二弹性件1014，设于隔离腔1011内，位于隔离活塞1013与手缓楔1004之间。
如附图15所示，楔形工作面1006为左低右高，楔形工作面1006的右侧与楔形工作面1006连接的面为水平面；隔离活塞1013的锥面为左高右低。图15中的缓解装置，当由进气口1003向缓解装置中充入不低于设定压力的压缩空气时，可使棘爪组件脱离棘轮7，从而使缓解装置处于释放状态。具体地，缓解腔1002内的压缩空气推动缓解活塞1010向左运动，同时带动手缓楔1004向左运动，进而压缩第一弹性件1007，并推动棘爪组件沿楔形工作面1006向上运动，使棘爪组件向上运动，手缓楔1004位于缓解位置时，棘爪组件沿楔形工作面1006运行至水平面上，从而使缓解装置保持释放状态。同时，第一通孔1005与限位件1009对齐，压缩空气推动隔离活塞1013向左运动，进而靠近手缓楔1004、压缩第二弹性件1014，隔离活塞1013的锥面使得其与第一通孔1005的间隙变大，因而隔离活塞1013不再挤压滑动件1008，滑动件1008退回至第一通孔1005内。图15中仅为缓解装置的一种实施方式，实际应用时，根据缓解装置与棘轮的配合关系，适应性调整楔形工作面和锥面的倾斜方向。
该缓解装置，隔离活塞1013的推力通过第二弹性件1014传递至手缓楔1004、缓解活塞1010的推力直接传递给手缓楔1004，进而推动手缓楔1004向左移动带动棘爪组件脱离棘齿701，同时隔离活塞的锥面1013-1与第一通孔1005内的滑动件1008接触，随着隔离活塞1013的左右运动，滑动件1008在第一通孔1005内沿孔的轴向运动，滑动件1008向外挤出实现对手缓楔1004的锁定，滑动件1008向内回缩是对手缓楔1004的释放，完成缓解装置释放状态的锁定和解锁。将隔离活塞1013的轴向运动转化为滑动件1008的径向运动，以较小的轴向力实现较大的径向锁定力，保证锁定的可靠性。
继续参见图15，缓解装置还包括密封组件，所述密封组件包括设于缓解活塞1010与缓解体1001之间的第一密封件1015和设于缓解活塞1010与隔离活塞1013之间的第二密封件1016。具体地，第一密封件为密封圈，密封圈可以是O型圈，也可以是K型圈，或其他截面形状的密封圈，密封圈可以安装在缓解活塞上，也可以安装于缓解体上，用于密封缓解活塞和缓解体之间的间隙。第二密封件为密封圈，密封圈可以是O型圈，也可以是K型圈，或其他截面形状的密封圈，密封圈可以安装在缓解活塞上，也可以安装于隔离活塞上，用于密封缓解活塞和隔离之间的间隙。
具体地，所述手缓楔1004与所述缓解活塞1010之间采用过盈压装或粘接或螺纹连接在一起，且缓解活塞1010与手缓楔1004同轴，保证缓解活塞1010与手缓楔1004组装后为整体运动。
具体地，继续参见图15，所述手缓楔1004，包括：
手拉体1004-1，手拉体的第一端部设于缓解腔1002内，手拉体的第二端部伸出缓解 体1001；
楔体1004-2，设于缓解腔101内，楔体的第一端部与手拉体1004-1的第一端部连接，所述第一通孔1005设于楔体的第二端部的圆周上，所述楔形工作面1006位于楔体1004-2上。
如图14所示，手拉体1004-1与楔体1004-2的连接部分还设有阻挡部1004-3，第一弹性件1007套设于手拉体1004-1外部，并被限制在阻挡部1004-3与缓解体1001之间。在手缓楔1004整体向左移动时，阻挡部1004-3可压缩第一弹性件1007。
具体地，继续参见图15，所述棘爪组件包括棘爪1017和设于缓解腔1002内的轴承1018，棘爪1017的第一端部设为齿状，与棘齿701配合，棘爪1017的第二端部穿过缓解体1001、楔体1004-2与轴承1018连接，轴承1018与楔形工作面1006配合。轴承1018可在手缓楔1004左右移动时，沿楔形工作面1006相对移动，进而随着楔形工作面1006的高度向上抬升或向下移动，实现棘爪1017与棘轮7的分离或配合。
继续参见图15，缓解装置还包括第三弹性件1019，第三弹性件1019位于缓解体1001与设于靠近棘爪1017第一端部的凸台1020之间。棘爪组件通过第三弹性件1019压紧在手缓楔的楔形工作面1006上，便于棘爪组件复位。具体地，轴承1018经棘爪1017通过第三弹性件1019压紧在手缓楔的楔形工作面1006上，轴承1018沿楔形工作面1006滚动，同时带动棘爪1017沿其自身轴线运动，棘爪1017沿楔形工作面1006向上运动，棘爪1017解除对棘轮7的锁定，缓解装置进入释放状态，棘爪1017沿楔形工作面1006向下运动，棘爪1017恢复对棘轮7的锁定，缓解装置进入锁定状态。
具体地，缓解装置还包括阻尼件，设于隔离腔1011内，位于隔离活塞1013与手缓楔1004之间，并与第二弹性件1014并列布置。阻尼件可以延缓隔离活塞的运动，使缓解活塞比隔离活塞先运动，保证在停放缸排气施加停放制动过程中，手缓楔不被锁定。本实施方式中，第二密封件选用橡胶材质，因此，第二密封件同时又可以起到阻尼件的延缓运动的作用，也可以被看做是阻尼件。
具体地，本实施方式中，所述第一弹性件、第二弹性件及第三弹性件均为复位弹簧。
具体地，本实施方式中，所述滑动件为钢球，但不限于钢球，还可以是柱状体等其他结构体。所述限位件为设于缓解体内壁上的凹槽，但不限于凹槽，也可以是安装于缓解体内壁上的挡板等。
可选地，缓解腔1002的进气口1003与密封腔室401连通，以使停放缸腔可与缓解腔同步充排气，从而实现停放制动缸与缓解装置的协同作用。在列车正常运行过程中，停放缸腔一般处于充风缓解状态，即停放缸腔充入压缩空气，由于缓解装置的进气口与停放 缸的充气口连通，参见图15、图17，压缩空气由进气口1003充入缓解装置中，使棘爪1017脱离棘轮7，缓解装置处于释放状态。缓解腔内的压缩空气推动缓解活塞1010向左运动，同时带动手缓楔1004向左运动，压缩第一弹性件1007，并推动棘爪组件沿手缓楔的楔形工作面1006向上运动，使棘爪1017向上运动，棘爪1017沿楔形工作面1006运行至的更高的水平面上，从而使缓解装置保持释放状态。同时，压缩空气推动隔离活塞1013向左运动，压紧手缓楔1004、压缩第二弹性件1014，隔离活塞1013的锥面与第一通孔1005间隙变大，因而不再挤压钢球，钢球退回至手缓楔的第一通孔1005内。
正常行驶的列车，停放缸腔内会充入一定量的压缩空气，因而与停放缸腔连通的缓解腔也充入压缩空气，缓解装置处于释放状态，此时该停放制动缸无法施加停放制动力。列车停车后需施加停放制动，防止溜车，此时，排空停放缸腔内的压缩空气，同时也排空缓解装置的缓解腔内的压缩空气。参见图18、图19，在第一弹性件1007的作用下，手缓楔1004连同缓解活塞1010一起向右运动。由于通气孔1012控制隔离活塞1013内的压缩空气排出速率远小于缓解腔1002内的压缩空气排出速率，因此在缓解活塞1010向右运动过程中，第二弹性件1014仍被压紧，隔离活塞1013仍压紧手缓楔1004，钢球仍处于手缓楔的第一通孔1005内，缓解活塞1010能顺利向右运动。棘爪组件沿手缓楔的楔形工作面1006向下运动，棘爪组件恢复对棘轮7的锁定，缓解装置进入锁定状态。通气孔的设置，使得在充排气过程中，缓解活塞与隔离活塞的非同步运动，保证在停放缸腔排气施加停放制动过程中，手缓楔不被锁定，实现缓解装置由释放状态切换为锁定状态。
滑动件1008与限位件1009配合使用，可以实现缓解装置释放状态的锁定和解锁。缓解装置释放状态的锁定是指，停放缸腔充入低于工作压力的介质不会使得缓解装置从释放状态切换为锁定状态。需要将缓解装置锁定在释放状态的情形有：当施加停放制动的车辆发生故障无法通过向停放缸腔充入压缩空气，使缓解装置由锁定状态切换为释放状态时，需要对故障车进行救援，此时需要手动缓解停放制动，并且对故障车的停放缸腔进行隔离，防止停放制动意外施加，造成车辆损坏，但是向制动缸腔充入介质，制动活塞可通过制动丝杠施加行车制动力，以确保故障车在救援时能施加行车制动力。
当施加停放制动的车辆无法向停放缸腔充入压缩空气，使缓解装置由锁定状态切换为释放状态时，需要手动缓解停放制动，即由外力向左拉动手缓楔，同时棘爪组件沿手缓楔的楔形工作面向上运动，带动棘爪沿轴向向上运动解锁棘轮，停放制动缓解，此时停放制动缸处于人工释放状态。参见图20、图21，在第二弹性件1014的作用下，推动隔离活塞1013向右运动挤压钢球，随着手缓楔1004向左运动至缓解位置，钢球自动弹出，由限位件1009限位，限制手缓楔1004向右移动，保持手缓楔1004处于缓解位置，缓解装置被 锁定在释放状态，此时，由于钢球被限位件1009阻挡，手缓楔1004无法向右运动，即使将制动风管(由于故障，只有制动风管中的压缩空气可供使用)中的压缩空气充入停放缸腔也无法使缓解装置由释放状态切换为锁定状态，即停放制动缸的停放缸腔被隔离，因为制动风管的空气压力远小于停放缸腔的工作压力，因此进入缓解装置的空气不足以让隔离活塞压缩第二弹性件，使钢球退回到第一通孔中。当停放缸腔处于隔离状态时，停放制动缸仍具备行车制动功能，既制动缸腔的制动、缓解功能正常，向制动缸腔充入压缩空气，制动活塞仍然可以推动制动丝杠施加行车制动。当故障消除后，向缓解装置(停放缸腔内充入不低于工作压力的介质)充入设定压力值的压缩空气，第二弹性件1014被压缩，钢球退回至第一通孔1005内，再排气时，手缓楔1004在第一弹性件1007的作用下向右运动，棘爪组件沿其自身轴线方向向下运动，锁定棘轮7，缓解装置进入锁定状态。
本实施方式停放制动缸的制动缓解原理同第一种实施方式，不同的是采用的缓解装置不同。本实施方式采用的缓解装置既可以实现充气缓解切换至释放状态，从而缓解停放制动，也可以手动缓解切换至释放状态，从而缓解停放制动，还具备停放缸腔隔离功能，能根据停放缸腔内的压力信号(即手缓楔运动的驱动力来源)对充气缓解切换方式和手动缓解切换方式作出不同的响应，在手动缓解切换方式下可将手缓楔锁定在缓解位置，让缓解装置一直处于释放状态，即停放缸腔被隔离，不能施加停放制动，直到下一次停放缸腔充入额定的压缩空气，第二弹性件1014再次被压缩，使得钢球回到第一通孔1005中，限位件1009解除对手缓楔向右运动的锁定，缓解装置自动恢复到停放缸腔未被隔离的状态，停放制动缸可继续施加停放制动、停放缓解。停放缸腔被隔离，可以有效防止在救援工况下误向停放缸腔充排气，导致停放制动意外施加，保证缓解装置的释放状态稳定可靠。
本申请第三种实施方式提供了一种制动夹钳单元，参见图22，该制动夹钳单元，包括夹钳臂组件18和停放制动缸19，停放制动缸19通过连接螺栓20与夹钳臂组件18铰接，所述停放制动缸19采用前文所述的停放制动缸，即第一种实施方式和第二种实施方式的停放制动缸。其中，夹钳臂起到传力杠杆的作用，停放制动缸19的制动输出力通过夹钳臂传递到闸片托21。
本实施方式中，制动夹钳单元安装于轨道交通车辆转向架构架上，通过闸片抱紧制动盘，由闸片托上的闸片和制动盘之间的摩擦作用将列车的动能转化成热量耗散，实现减速或停车的效果。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种停放制动缸，其特征在于，包括：
    中间体；
    制动缸体，与所述中间体组成制动缸腔；
    制动活塞，设于所述制动缸腔内；
    停放缸体，与所述中间体组成停放缸腔，所述停放缸腔内设至少两个密封腔室；
    传力单元，包括：
    传力组件，放置于所述停放缸腔内，所述传力组件包括停放丝杠、套于所述停放丝杠外部的停放螺母以及套于所述停放丝杠一端的棘轮；
    至少两个传力杆，呈对称布置，所述传力杆的第一端连接所述制动活塞，所述传力杆的第二端穿过所述中间体连接所述停放螺母；
    压缩弹簧，套于所述传力杆上，设于所述中间体与所述停放螺母之间；
    至少两个停放活塞，呈对称安装于所述停放螺母上，每一所述停放活塞均与一所述密封腔室对应设置；
    缓解装置，与所述棘轮配合。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述停放丝杠设有非自锁的第一梯形螺纹，所述停放螺母中心设有非自锁的第二梯形螺纹，所述第一梯形螺纹与所述第二梯形螺纹配合。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述棘轮中心设有第一螺纹，所述棘轮与所述停放丝杠通过所述第一螺纹连接在一起，所述第一螺纹与所述第一梯形螺纹的旋向相同。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述棘轮的外圈设有多个沿圆周均布且带倾斜角度的棘齿，所述棘齿的倾斜方向与所述第一螺纹旋向相反。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述缓解装置包括：
    棘爪组件，与所述棘轮配合；
    缓解体，内设缓解腔，所述缓解体的一端设有连通所述缓解腔的进气口；
    手缓楔，其圆周上设有第一通孔的一端设于所述缓解腔内，另一端伸出所述缓解体；设于所述缓解腔内的所述手缓楔上设有与所述棘爪组件配合的楔形工作面；
    第一弹性件，设于所述缓解腔内，位于所述手缓楔与所述缓解体之间；
    滑动件，设于所述第一通孔内；
    限位件，设于所述缓解体内壁上；
    缓解活塞，设于所述缓解腔内，与所述手缓楔连接形成隔离腔，所述缓解活塞上设有连通所述缓解腔与所述隔离腔的通气孔，所述通气孔的孔径小于所述进气口的孔径；
    隔离活塞，设于所述隔离腔内，所述隔离活塞外部设有与所述滑动件配合的锥面；
    第二弹性件，设于所述隔离腔内，位于所述隔离活塞与所述手缓楔之间。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述缓解装置还包括密封组件，所述密封组件包括设于所述缓解活塞与所述缓解体之间的第一密封件和设于所述缓解活塞与所述隔离活塞之间的第二密封件。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述手缓楔，包括：
    手拉体，所述手拉体的第一端部设于所述缓解腔内，所述手拉体的第二端部伸出所述缓解体；
    楔体，设于所述缓解腔内，所述楔体的第一端部与所述手拉体的第一端部连接，所述第一通孔设于所述楔体的第二端部的圆周上，所述楔形工作面位于所述楔体上。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述棘爪组件包括棘爪和设于所述缓解腔内的轴承，所述棘爪的第一端部设为齿状，与所述棘齿配合，所述棘爪的第二端部穿过所述缓解体与所述轴承连接，所述轴承与所述楔形工作面配合。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述缓解装置还包括第三弹性件，所述第三弹性件位于所述缓解体与设于所述棘爪第一端部的凸台之间。
  10. 如权利要求5所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述缓解装置还包括阻尼件，设于所述隔离腔内，位于所述隔离活塞与所述手缓楔之间，并与所述第二弹性件并列布置。
  11. 如权利要求1至10任意一项所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，还包括推力轴承组件，所述推力轴承组件包括与所述中间体连接或与所述停放缸体相抵的轴承座、设于所述停放丝杠两端的第一推力轴承和第二推力轴承；所述第一推力轴承一侧与所述轴承座接触，另一侧与所述停放丝杠接触；所述第二推力轴承一侧与所述中间体接触，另一侧与所述停放丝杠接触。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述中间体设有中间套管，所述停放丝杠套装于所述中间套管上，所述轴承座与所述中间套管连接。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述中间体上设有与所述压缩弹簧对应的沉孔。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述中间体上对应所述传力杆的位置设有第二通孔，所述第二通孔内设有导向套筒，所述传力杆从所述导向套筒内穿过。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述停放螺母的外圈设有数量与 所述传力杆相同的第三通孔，每一所述传力杆与所述停放螺母连接的一端均穿过一所述第三通孔，并与所述第三通孔间隙配合。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述传力杆与所述停放螺母连接一端的端部设有限位垫片，所限位垫片紧固在所述传力杆上，所述限位垫片位于所述传力杆的端部与所述停放螺母之间。
  17. 如权利要求1所述的停放制动缸，其特征在于，所述停放活塞与所述密封腔室之间设有密封圈。
  18. 一种制动夹钳单元，其特征在于，包括夹钳臂组件和停放制动缸，所述停放制动缸采用如权利要求1至17任意一项所述停放制动缸，所述停放制动缸通过连接螺栓与所述夹钳臂组件的夹钳臂铰接。
PCT/CN2021/121136 2021-01-04 2021-09-28 停放制动缸及制动夹钳单元 WO2022142541A1 (zh)

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