WO2022142091A1 - Revêtement chauffant électrique pour augmenter le rendement d'utilisation d'énergie électrique et de régulation de température, et son procédé de préparation - Google Patents

Revêtement chauffant électrique pour augmenter le rendement d'utilisation d'énergie électrique et de régulation de température, et son procédé de préparation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022142091A1
WO2022142091A1 PCT/CN2021/095736 CN2021095736W WO2022142091A1 WO 2022142091 A1 WO2022142091 A1 WO 2022142091A1 CN 2021095736 W CN2021095736 W CN 2021095736W WO 2022142091 A1 WO2022142091 A1 WO 2022142091A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating
electric heating
substrate
temperature control
heating coating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/095736
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谭僖
朱晖朝
王枫
陈志坤
李福球
Original Assignee
佛山桃园先进制造研究院
广东粤科新材料科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022142091A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022142091A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
    • C23F1/02—Local etching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/02—Etching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/02—Etching
    • C25F3/14—Etching locally

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electric heating coatings, and more particularly, to an electric heating coating which improves the utilization efficiency of electric energy and temperature control and a preparation method thereof.
  • Electric heaters have higher requirements mainly in terms of heating efficiency, quality and size, cost and safety.
  • the current mainstream electric heating technologies are mainly wire wound resistance heating technology and positive temperature coefficient heating technology.
  • the electric heating efficiency of these two technologies needs to be improved, and the size and quality need to be further reduced. Defects such as slow response time. It is precisely because the mainstream electric heating technology has major defects that gave birth to the emergence of thermal layer technology.
  • an electric heating anti-icing coating and its preparation method (application number 201610489651.0), an electric heating technology for aircraft anti-icing/de-icing (application number 201710248415.4), etc. all provide multilayer electric heating coatings system; a novel electric heating coating and its preparation method (application number 201910940041.1) also discloses a 3-layer structure electric heating coating system.
  • these technologies only involve how to realize the thermal layer technology, that is, how to design the coating to achieve the purpose of heating; they do not involve the more important practical problems such as how to control the temperature and how to use the electric energy more effectively.
  • the present invention not only proposes a preparation technology of electric heating coating, but also proposes a design idea considering how to control the temperature and how to use electric energy more effectively from the perspective of integration and intelligence.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of an electric heating coating, which is a brand-new design idea, takes the realization of thermal layer technology as the basic function, has core functions such as temperature monitoring and regulation, and can integrate high-power electronic components at the same time.
  • the device can improve the utilization efficiency of thermal energy while improving the stability of electronic components. Applicable to fields including but not limited to automobiles, high-speed rail, aviation and new energy.
  • An electric heating coating for improving electric energy utilization efficiency and temperature control sequentially comprises:
  • the thickness of the Al 2 O 3 thin film layer is 2-15 ⁇ m.
  • the circuit layer includes a metallic copper coating and an integrated circuit layer.
  • the thickness of the metallic copper coating is 10-1000 ⁇ m, most preferably 10-100 ⁇ m.
  • a) Use the naked eye, optical microscope sampling and other means to inspect the substrate to confirm that the equipment is free of defects such as holes and inclusions. According to the specific conditions of the substrate, one or more of flame burning, alcohol cleaning, and acetone cleaning are used. way to remove oil.
  • this step can be omitted;
  • the thickness of the aluminized layer is 2-20 ⁇ m.
  • a layer of Al 2 O 3 film is formed on the surface of the substrate by anodic oxidation.
  • the Al 2 O 3 layer can also be obtained by thermal spraying, chemical deposition and other methods, and the optimum thickness thereof depends on the usage.
  • the Al 2 O 3 film can also be replaced by insulating substances such as resin, glass, and organic film, and the optimal thickness of the film depends on the usage.
  • the thickness of the copper coating is matched with the designed power of the electric heater, usually 10-1000 ⁇ m; preferably, the thickness of the copper coating is 10-100 ⁇ m.
  • the annealing treatment temperature is about 400°C, and 350-450°C is acceptable.
  • the etching method includes, but is not limited to, electrochemical etching, etching, and the like.
  • step e) can also be achieved by the following methods: before performing step d), according to the shape of the required copper circuit, by designing a corresponding fixture or adding a certain protective layer on the surface of the ceramic coating, so that step d) Directly deposit copper circuits in the desired specific shape without re-etching.
  • the sensor and other electronic components are welded in the designated area of the electric heating coating and properly packaged to obtain the integrated circuit layer.
  • this step is to provide a design idea without limiting the specific implementation approach
  • any number of designated areas can be set on the coating surface, depending on the actual function and design of the electric heater;
  • the designated area can be located at any position on the entire coating surface, and its size and shape are also not fixed, which also depends on the actual function and design of the electric heater.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides an electric heating coating, which is obtained based on any of the above-mentioned preparation methods or design ideas.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the electric heating coating provided by the present invention. Among them, 1-coolant, 2 -Al substrate, 3- Al2O3 film, 4-copper circuit, 5-high power device, 6-sensor.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another electric heating coating provided by the present invention. Among them, 1''- coolant, 2'- stainless steel substrate, 3'- aluminized film, 4'- Al 2 O 3 film, 5'- copper circuit, 6'- sensor.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another electric heating coating provided by the present invention. Among them, 1"-coolant, 2"-Al alloy substrate, 3"-Al 2 O 3 film, 4"- copper circuit, 5"- sensor.
  • the first thing to point out is that the thermal layer technology that has emerged in recent years is completely different from the traditional wire wound resistance heating technology and positive temperature coefficient heating technology in terms of heating principles and methods. There are significant advantages in terms of time and other aspects, so the traditional wire wound resistance heating technology and the positive temperature coefficient heating technology will not be specifically compared with the technology of the present invention.
  • the thermal layer technology has also been disclosed to a certain extent in recent years.
  • the current related technologies in the field of electric heating are all moving towards lightweight, high-efficiency, intelligence and integration. It is very important to design and manufacture electric heating coatings with higher performance and more integrated functions, and the present invention is based on this point of view, and provides a higher performance than the existing public reports. And more functional electric heating coating structure design, design ideas of preparation method.
  • the invention adopts a large number of modern surface engineering technical means, involving vacuum coating, anodizing, cold spraying, integrated circuits and other fields. At the same time, it can integrate high-power electronic components, improve the stability of electronic components, and improve the utilization efficiency of thermal energy. It is expected that the applicable fields of this technology include but are not limited to fields such as automobiles, high-speed rail, aviation, and new energy.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention provide an electric heating coating and a preparation method and design idea thereof, which may specifically include:
  • one or more methods of flame burning, alcohol cleaning, and acetone cleaning are used to carry out Oil removal treatment.
  • Al or Al alloy is selected as the base material, which can omit the process of magnetron sputtering, thereby simplifying the process and reducing the cost; of course, the base material can also be metals of other materials, or even ceramics , composite materials, etc., then it is necessary to use magnetron sputtering to coat a layer of aluminum on the surface of the substrate.
  • the thickness of the aluminum coating layer is 2-20 ⁇ m.
  • a layer of Al 2 O 3 film is formed on the surface of the substrate by anodic oxidation.
  • a layer of Al 2 O 3 film is formed on the surface of an Al/Al alloy substrate or aluminized substrate by anodizing method, which is formed by (magnetron sputtering aluminum plating +) anodizing.
  • the Al 2 O 3 film is a gradient film whose composition is gradually changed from Al 2 O 3 to Al/Al alloy. The higher thermal efficiency can improve the efficiency of the electric heating coating using electric energy, and at the same time improve the thermal response speed of the coating.
  • the thickness of the Al 2 O 3 film is 2-15 ⁇ m.
  • the Al 2 O 3 layer can also be deposited on the surface of the substrate by thermal spraying, chemical deposition, etc., but the Al 2 O 3 film obtained by anodizing is more compact and thicker Therefore, it has better insulation and thermal conductivity; however, if under special requirements, such as when the thickness of the Al 2 O 3 film is required to be thicker, or the requirements for the insulation and thermal conductivity of the Al 2 O 3 film are not strict , other methods can be considered to deposit the Al 2 O 3 layer on the surface of the substrate.
  • the Al 2 O 3 film can also be replaced by insulating substances such as resin, glass, and organic thin films, although these insulating substances are often insufficient in high temperature resistance. , and the insulation and thermal conductivity are not good, but the use of these substances to replace the Al 2 O 3 film can often reduce the cost, so it is also possible to use.
  • a dense copper coating is then deposited on the above surface by cold spraying technology, and the electrical properties of the copper coating are improved by annealing treatment.
  • the copper coating obtained by depositing copper by cold spraying and annealing is used as the electric heating layer. This is because copper itself is a metal with good electrical conductivity and is relatively inexpensive.
  • the copper coating obtained by cold spraying and annealing treatment is dense (porosity ⁇ 0.5%), which can have comparable conductivity to as-cast copper, resulting in extremely low resistance (several orders of magnitude difference from the comparison technology) . From electrical knowledge, we know that under the same voltage, the lower the resistance, the greater the power.
  • the electric heating coating of the present invention will have a much higher maximum electric heating power than the comparative technology; or, under the same output power, it will have Lower terminal pressure, and lower terminal pressure means less power loss during transmission. It can be seen that compared with other comparative examples (CN201610489651.0, CN201710248415.4, CN201910940041.1), the present invention has obvious advantages in increasing the maximum electric heating power and reducing electric energy loss.
  • chemical or electrochemical etching is used to achieve this.
  • the shape of the copper circuit required by designing a corresponding fixture or adding a certain protective layer on the surface of the ceramic coating before the cold spraying copper coating, during the cold spraying copper coating process
  • the copper circuit of the required specific shape can be directly deposited without etching again;
  • non-corrosive means such as laser engraving may be considered to obtain copper circuits.
  • This step is closely related to the design of the electric heater and the heat exchanger. According to the specific functions required by the electric heater and the heat exchanger, one or more groups of integrated circuits are designed, and then the electric heating coating of the present invention is applied. It is used as an insulating substrate for integrated circuits, giving more functions to the electric heating coating.
  • the advantages of doing this are: 1. Improve the integration of the electric heater and the heat exchanger, thereby reducing the size and weight of the related structure; 2.
  • the heat of the electric heater is used for electric heating, so that the electric power consumption of the electric heater can be greatly reduced under specific application methods, thereby greatly improving the electric-heat conversion efficiency. heating power for more stable and smooth temperature control.
  • more functions related to electric heaters and heat exchangers can also be realized through appropriate integrated circuit design, and the present invention will not list them one by one here.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention also provide an electrically heated coating, obtained according to the preparation method and design idea provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the copper coating was sprayed on the ceramic layer by cold spraying technology with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, and then annealed at 400 °C;
  • the surface of the substrate is coated with an aluminum coating with a thickness of 15 ⁇ m by methods such as magnetron sputtering.
  • the copper coating was sprayed on the ceramic layer by cold spraying technology with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, and then annealed at 400 °C;
  • the copper coating was sprayed on the ceramic layer by cold spraying technology with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, and then annealed at 400 °C;

Abstract

Est divulgué un revêtement chauffant électrique destiné à augmenter le rendement d'utilisation d'énergie électrique et de régulation de température, ledit revêtement chauffant électrique comprenant, dans l'ordre : (1) un substrat ; (2) une couche de film mince d'Al2O3 ; (3) une couche de circuit (comprenant un revêtement de cuivre métallique et une couche de circuit intégré). La présente invention concerne également un procédé de préparation basé sur le revêtement chauffant électrique décrit, consistant : (A) à inspecter un substrat et le soumettre à un pré-traitement de surface ; (b) à aluminiser la surface du substrat ; (c) à convertir l'aluminium de surface en un film d'Al2O3 ; (d) à déposer un revêtement de cuivre sur le film d'Al2O3 par une technique de pulvérisation à froid, puis à effectuer un recuit ; (e) à effectuer, après le recuit de l'étape (d), une érosion pour obtenir un circuit de cuivre souhaité ; (f) à braser des capteurs et d'autres composants électroniques dans des zones désignées du revêtement chauffé électriquement, puis à effectuer une encapsulation. Le revêtement chauffant électrique décrit dans la présente invention a une fonction de chauffage de revêtement, et, il permet, grâce à l'intégration d'un circuit de commande, d'effectuer une surveillance et une régulation satisfaisante de la température, et d'autres fonctions ; des composants électroniques de haute puissance peuvent également être intégrés, ce qui améliore la stabilité des composants électroniques et améliore également le rendement d'utilisation d'énergie thermique.
PCT/CN2021/095736 2020-12-29 2021-05-25 Revêtement chauffant électrique pour augmenter le rendement d'utilisation d'énergie électrique et de régulation de température, et son procédé de préparation WO2022142091A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011597473.6A CN112746242A (zh) 2020-12-29 2020-12-29 一种提升电能利用效率和温度控制的电加热涂层及其制备方法
CN202011597473.6 2020-12-29

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WO (1) WO2022142091A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112746242A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-05-04 佛山桃园先进制造研究院 一种提升电能利用效率和温度控制的电加热涂层及其制备方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1783473A (zh) * 2004-11-25 2006-06-07 富士电机控股株式会社 绝缘衬底和半导体器件
JP2007317701A (ja) * 2006-05-23 2007-12-06 Koha Co Ltd 光源用基板及びこれを用いた照明装置
CN108257929A (zh) * 2016-12-29 2018-07-06 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种散热基板及其制备方法和应用以及电子元器件
CN110629151A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2019-12-31 广东省新材料研究所 一种新型电加热涂层及其制备方法
CN112746242A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-05-04 佛山桃园先进制造研究院 一种提升电能利用效率和温度控制的电加热涂层及其制备方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1783473A (zh) * 2004-11-25 2006-06-07 富士电机控股株式会社 绝缘衬底和半导体器件
JP2007317701A (ja) * 2006-05-23 2007-12-06 Koha Co Ltd 光源用基板及びこれを用いた照明装置
CN108257929A (zh) * 2016-12-29 2018-07-06 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种散热基板及其制备方法和应用以及电子元器件
CN110629151A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2019-12-31 广东省新材料研究所 一种新型电加热涂层及其制备方法
CN112746242A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-05-04 佛山桃园先进制造研究院 一种提升电能利用效率和温度控制的电加热涂层及其制备方法

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