WO2022141661A1 - 缝隙阵列天线 - Google Patents

缝隙阵列天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022141661A1
WO2022141661A1 PCT/CN2021/070764 CN2021070764W WO2022141661A1 WO 2022141661 A1 WO2022141661 A1 WO 2022141661A1 CN 2021070764 W CN2021070764 W CN 2021070764W WO 2022141661 A1 WO2022141661 A1 WO 2022141661A1
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Prior art keywords
antenna
slot
array
radiation
array antenna
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PCT/CN2021/070764
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐海鹏
李艳
齐望东
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网络通信与安全紫金山实验室
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Publication of WO2022141661A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022141661A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a slot array antenna that can be used for wireless communication positioning.
  • the commonly used positioning technologies mainly include satellite navigation and positioning technology and wireless communication positioning technology.
  • Satellite navigation and positioning technologies such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are mainly used for positioning in outdoor open environments due to their low signal power and weak penetration.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • the indoor environment provides precise navigation and positioning services.
  • the indoor positioning technologies mainly used include wireless positioning technologies such as Bluetooth, RFID, Wi-Fi, and Ultra Wide Band (UWB) positioning.
  • wireless positioning technology most positioning is achieved through measurement.
  • the antenna is the carrier of the information received at the front end in the wireless positioning system, so the measurement accuracy of the antenna directly affects the final position estimation accuracy.
  • target angle estimation is usually performed by measuring the Angle of Arrival (AOA) of signals, but this method is not suitable for wireless positioning systems.
  • AOA Angle of Arrival
  • the phase consistency of the array antenna has high requirements.
  • the present application provides a slot array antenna, which can improve the phase consistency of the antenna array elements, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the wireless positioning system.
  • a slot array antenna in a first aspect of the present application, includes a slot radiation unit and a reflection cavity unit, wherein the slot radiation unit is supported on the reflection cavity unit, and the
  • the slot radiation unit includes a radiation substrate and a plurality of antenna array elements, wherein each antenna array element includes a radiation slot formed on the lower surface of the radiation substrate and a U-shaped feed printed on the upper surface of the radiation substrate transmission lines, and wherein the axes of the U-shaped feed transmission lines of at least two of the plurality of antenna elements are offset by a preset distance with respect to the central axis of the corresponding antenna elements.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a slot array antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the upper surface of the slot radiating element 101 of the slot array antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 shows a bottom view of the lower surface of the slot radiating element 101 of the slot array antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the reflective cavity unit 102 of the slot array antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 shows a standing wave graph of the first antenna element in the slot array antenna 100
  • FIG. 6 shows a standing wave graph of the second antenna element in the slot array antenna 100
  • FIG. 7 shows a phase normalized view of a slot array antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • first and second are only used to distinguish different technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or order of the indicated technical features, nor can they be understood as The number of technical characteristics implied or indicated. Thus, a feature delimited with “first”, “second” may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
  • a plurality or “at least one” means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.
  • a slot array antenna 100 includes a slot radiation unit 101 and a reflection cavity unit 102 , wherein the slot radiation unit 101 is supported on the reflection cavity unit 102 , that is, the reflection cavity unit 102 can be used to support the slot radiation unit 101 .
  • the slot radiation unit 101 can be fixed on the reflection cavity unit 102 by, for example, gluing or screws, so the installation is relatively simple, thereby helping to reduce the phase consistency difference between different antenna arrays caused by assembly.
  • the polarization of the slot array antenna 100 is linear polarization, for example, vertical linear polarization.
  • the slot radiation unit 101 may include a radiation substrate 1011 and a plurality of antenna array elements (eg, the antenna array elements 1012a-1012d shown in FIG. 1, hereinafter collectively referred to as antenna array elements 1012).
  • the radiation substrate 1011 can be integrally formed, for example, it can be integrally formed using a material such as RO4350, and can be integrally formed by, for example, PCB processing, and its thickness can be 40 mils.
  • the installation process of the slot array antenna 100 can be simplified, thereby helping to reduce the phase consistency difference between different antenna arrays caused by assembly. As shown in FIG.
  • the multiple antenna array elements 1012 can be arranged in a linear array, and the interval between two adjacent antenna array elements 1012 can be 0.4-1 wavelength of the working center frequency point, for example, 0.5 wavelength of the working center frequency.
  • the interval between two adjacent antenna array elements 1012 refers to the distance between the central axes of the two adjacent antenna array elements.
  • the slot radiating element 101 is shown to include four antenna array elements 1012a-1012d arranged in a linear array in the examples shown in FIGS. 1-3, the slot radiating element 101 may include more or less antenna arrays as required element, as long as the number of antenna array elements is not less than 2.
  • each antenna array element 1012 may be square as a whole, for example, the lengths of the long side and the short side of each antenna array element are 0.5 wavelengths of the operating center frequency point.
  • Each antenna array element 1012 may include a radiation slot 301 formed on the lower surface of the radiation substrate 1011 and a U-shaped feed transmission line (eg, U-shaped as shown in FIG. 2 ) printed on the upper surface of the radiation substrate 1011 .
  • the feeder transmission lines 201a-201d are hereinafter collectively referred to as the U-shape feeder transmission line 201).
  • the radiation slot 301 may be a rectangular opening slot formed on the lower surface of the radiation substrate 1011, which is mainly used for radiating the slot array antenna 100.
  • the length of the long side of each rectangular radiation slot 301 may be slightly less than the wavelength of 0.5 operating center frequency points, for example, the length of the long side of the rectangular radiation slot 301 may be set to 54 mm.
  • the length of the short side of the rectangular radiation slot 301 can be set according to the impedance matching with the rectangular radiation slot 301 , for example, the length of the short side of the rectangular radiation slot can be set to 20 mm.
  • the U-shaped feed transmission line of each antenna element can be used to feed the radiation slot 301, and the length and/or width of each U-shaped feed transmission line can be set according to impedance matching with the radiation slot 301 of the corresponding antenna element.
  • the length of each U-shaped feeder transmission line refers to the length of the U-shaped branch of the U-shaped feeder transmission line in the lateral direction, as indicated by L in FIG. 2
  • the length of each U-shaped feeder transmission line is
  • the width refers to the length of the U-shaped branch of the U-shaped feed transmission line in the longitudinal direction, as indicated by W in FIG. 2 .
  • the length of the U-shaped stub can be 25 mm, and the width of the U-shaped stub can be 9 mm, and the U-shaped feed transmission line can achieve good impedance matching in a wide frequency range.
  • the U-shaped feeding transmission line 201 has the advantage of adopting such a U-shaped shape, which is helpful for each antenna element to achieve a good standing wave in a wide frequency range.
  • Fig. 5-6 shows the standing wave curves of the antenna elements 1012a and 1012b in the slot array antenna 100 shown in Fig. 1-3 respectively. In the range of 2.675G, the standing wave value of each antenna array element is less than 1.5, so the standing wave effect of this implementation is better.
  • the axes of the U-shaped feed transmission lines 201 of at least two of the plurality of antenna elements 1012 included in the slot radiation unit 101 are offset by a preset relative to the central axis of the corresponding antenna elements distance.
  • the magnitude of the distance by which the axis of the U-shaped feed transmission line 201 of each antenna element 1012 is offset relative to the central axis of the corresponding antenna element 1012 can affect the radiation phase pattern of the corresponding antenna element.
  • the distance by which the axis of the U-shaped feed transmission line 201 of each antenna array element 1012 is offset relative to the central axis of the corresponding antenna array element 1012 can be set as required, but the offset distance finally determined should ensure that the The standing wave index of the corresponding antenna element can be satisfied (for example, the standing wave value of the standing wave index is 1.5).
  • the axes of the U-shaped feed transmission lines 201a and 201d) are offset by a preset distance with respect to the central axis of the corresponding antenna element. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • X1 is the first antenna element (ie, the antenna element 1012 a ) located at the first end (the leftmost side in FIG. 2 ) of the linear array of the antenna array 100 in the longitudinal direction.
  • a central axis as can be seen from the figure, the first axis of the first U-shaped feed transmission line 201a of the first antenna array element 1012a is in the first direction (leftward in FIG. 2 ) relative to the first central axis ) is offset by a first distance d1.
  • X2 is the second longitudinal direction of the second antenna element (ie, the antenna element 1012 d ) located at the second end (the rightmost side in FIG. 2 ) of the linear array of the antenna array 100 .
  • the center axis according to the figure, it can be seen that the second axis of the second U-shaped feed transmission line 201d of the second antenna array element 1012d is in the second direction relative to the second center axis (rightward in FIG. 2 ) Offset a second distance d2.
  • the first direction is different from the second direction, and the first direction depends on the position direction of the first antenna element in the linear array, and the second direction depends on the position of the second antenna element in the linear array direction.
  • the first direction and the second direction are opposite to each other.
  • the first distance may be equal to the second distance, or may be different from the second distance, depending on actual usage requirements.
  • the first distance d1 may be 3 mm, and the second distance d2 may also be 3 mm.
  • a U-shaped feed transmission line eg, U-shaped in FIG. 2
  • the axis of the type feeding transmission line 201b or 201c can also be offset by a preset distance with respect to the central axis of the corresponding antenna element. This structure can effectively improve the phase consistency of the antenna array elements.
  • each antenna array element 1012 may further include an SMA connector 302 , and the SMA connector 302 is connected to the corresponding U-shaped feeder transmission line 201 , so as to be used for connecting to the corresponding U-shaped feeder transmission line 201 via the U-shaped feeder transmission line 201 .
  • the radiation slot 301 of the antenna element 1012 is fed.
  • each SMA connector 302 can be fixed on the lower surface of the radiating substrate by soldering, so the SMA connector 302 is connected to the corresponding U-shaped feeding transmission line printed on the upper surface of the radiating substrate through the solder joints 201 Connect.
  • each SMA connector 302 can be connected to a feeder cable, for example, through a first rectangular hole 401 described further below, and the feeder cable is typically connected to the receiver RF circuit output port after passing through the first rectangular hole as an alternative,
  • the antenna array element 1012 may also not include the SMA connector 302, and instead use the stripped cable welding method to feed the corresponding radiation slot 301. Since the stripped cable welding method is a commonly used feeding method in the field, this paper It will not be further described in this paper.
  • the slot radiation unit 101 may further include one or more spacer bars 1013 , and each spacer bar 1013 is printed on the upper surface of the slot radiation unit 101 between two adjacent antenna elements. It is helpful to isolate the electromagnetic waves in space between the antenna array elements, reduce the mutual interference and influence between the antenna array elements, and reduce the coupling between the antenna array elements.
  • the spacer bar 1013 is a metal spacer bar, and the spacer bar 1013 can be printed on the upper surface of the slot radiation unit 101 by using a PCB processing method.
  • the shape of the spacer bar 1013 can be a rectangle, and the selection of its length and width can affect the phase consistency of the array antenna to a certain extent, so the length and width of the spacer bar 1013 can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the length of the spacer bar 1013 can be selected to be the same as the length of the long side of the antenna element 1012, and the width of the spacer bar 1013 can be selected to be 2mm, which helps to improve the phase consistency between the array elements in a large angle range.
  • the reflection cavity unit 102 can be used to reflect the backward radiation electromagnetic waves of the slot array antenna 100, so that the slot array antenna realizes unidirectional radiation.
  • the reflective cavity unit 102 is a rectangular metal cavity unit, which can be integrally formed with a metal plate. Examples of the metal plate that can be used include an iron plate, an aluminum plate, a stainless steel plate, and the like.
  • the reflection cavity unit 12 may be integrally formed with a stainless steel plate with a thickness of 1 mm.
  • the reflective cavity unit 102 is rectangular as a whole.
  • the length and width of the reflective cavity unit 102 can be taken to be consistent with the length and width of the slot radiation unit, and the height (also called depth) can be taken to be the wavelength of 1/4 of the working center frequency point, such as the height of the reflective cavity unit It is desirable to be 29mm.
  • the four walls of the reflection cavity unit 102 may be provided with a plurality of openings, and the plurality of openings include a first wall and a second wall (reflecting in FIG. 4 ) opened in the reflection cavity unit 102
  • the first rectangular holes 401 on the front and rear walls of the cavity unit 102 and the third and fourth walls of the reflective cavity unit 102 are the left and right walls of the reflective cavity unit 102 the second rectangular hole 403 on the wall).
  • the first wall and the second wall of the reflective cavity unit 102 are opposite to each other, and the third wall and the fourth wall are opposite to each other, and the first wall and the second wall are arranged in a linear array along the plurality of antenna array elements 1012
  • the third wall and the fourth wall are at both ends of the reflective cavity unit 102 .
  • a plurality of spacers 402 are also inserted in the reflection cavity unit 102, and each spacer 402 is inserted in the reflection cavity unit 102 at a position directly below the middle position between two adjacent antenna elements .
  • each spacer 402 is also provided with a second rectangular hole 403 . As shown in FIG. 4 , the spacer 402 is opposite to the third wall and the fourth wall of the reflection cavity unit, and the second rectangular hole formed on the spacer 402 is opposite to the third wall and the fourth wall of the reflection cavity unit. The second rectangular hole 403 on the upper is also opposite.
  • the first rectangular hole 401 can be used as a connection channel between the SMA connector and the feeder cable, and the size of the second rectangular hole 403 can affect the phase consistency between the antenna elements to a certain extent, so the second The size of the rectangular hole 403 can be selected according to actual requirements.
  • the size of the second rectangular hole may be taken as 12mm x 12mm.
  • the size of the first rectangular hole and the second rectangular hole may be the same or different, depending on actual application requirements.
  • the first rectangular hole 401 and the second rectangular hole also help to reduce the overall weight of the array antenna.
  • FIG. 7 shows a phase-normalized view of the slot array antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 shows the four antenna elements of the slot array antenna 100 (ie, the antenna elements 1012a-1012d, wherein the element 1 in FIG. 7 indicates the antenna element 1012a shown in FIG. 1, the element 2 indicates antenna element 1012b shown in Figure 1, element 3 indicates antenna element 1012c shown in Figure 1, and element 4 indicates antenna element 1012d shown in Figure 1) at 2.765G frequency and in azimuth - Phase difference value in the angular range of 60° to 60°. According to the curve shown in FIG.
  • the antenna array element 1012c The phase difference values between the antenna array element 1012a and the antenna array element 1012d and the antenna array element 1012a are all less than 9°. It can be seen that the slot array antenna 100 according to the embodiment of the present application has the same phase of the array elements in a large angle range. Sex is good.

Abstract

本申请涉及一种缝隙阵列天线，该缝隙阵列天线包括缝隙辐射单元和反射腔体单元，其中缝隙辐射单元支撑在反射腔体单元之上，缝隙辐射单元包括辐射基板以及多个天线阵元，其中每一天线阵元包括形成在辐射基板的下表面上的辐射缝隙以及印制在辐射基板的上表面上的U型馈电传输线，并且其中多个天线阵元中的至少两个天线阵元的U型馈电传输线的轴线相对于相应天线阵元的中心轴线偏移预设距离。

Description

缝隙阵列天线
相关申请
本申请要求于2020年12月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为202011578550.3、发明名称为“缝隙阵列天线”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及可用于无线通信定位的缝隙阵列天线。
背景技术
随着无线通信、物联网、智慧工业等技术的发展，基于位置信息的服务和应用日益普及，因此无论是室内环境还是室外环境，都对快速准确地获得位置信息具有日益迫切的需求。目前常用的定位技术主要包括卫星导航定位技术和无线通信定位技术。
诸如全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System，GNSS)之类的卫星导航定位技术由于其信号功率低、穿透力弱，因此主要用于室外开阔环境下的定位，但无法在受遮蔽的环境和室内环境提供精确的导航定位服务。
目前主要使用的室内定位技术包括蓝牙、RFID、Wi-Fi、超带宽(Ultra Wide Band,UWB)定位之类的无线定位技术。在无线定位技术中，多数定位均是通过测量来实现的。天线是无线定位系统中最前端接收信息的载体，因此天线的测量精度直接影响最终的位置估计精度。例如，在诸如5G通信系统和Wi-Fi通信系统之类的无线通信系统中，通常通过测量信号的到达角(Angle of Arrival，AOA)来进行目标角度估计，但这种方法对无线定位系统中阵列天线相位一致性有很高的要求。
因此，有必要提供一种阵列天线，使得可以提高接收天线阵元的相位一致性，进而提升无线定位系统的定位精度。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种缝隙阵列天线，使得可以提高天线阵元的相位一致性， 进而提升无线定位系统的定位精度。
在本申请的第一方面，提供了一种缝隙阵列天线，所述缝隙阵列天线包括缝隙辐射单元和反射腔体单元，其中所述缝隙辐射单元支撑在所述反射腔体单元之上，所述缝隙辐射单元包括辐射基板以及多个天线阵元，其中每一天线阵元包括形成在所述辐射基板的下表面上的辐射缝隙以及印制在所述辐射基板的上表面上的U型馈电传输线，并且其中所述多个天线阵元中的至少两个天线阵元的U型馈电传输线的轴线相对于相应天线阵元的中心轴线偏移预设距离。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本申请的实施例的缝隙阵列天线100的透视图；
图2示出了根据本申请的实施例的缝隙阵列天线100的缝隙辐射单元101的上表面的俯视图；
图3示出了根据本申请的实施例的缝隙阵列天线100的缝隙辐射单元101的下表面的仰视图；
图4示出了根据本申请的实施例的缝隙阵列天线100的反射腔体单元102的透视图；
图5示出了缝隙阵列天线100中的第一天线阵元的驻波曲线图；
图6示出了缝隙阵列天线100中的第二天线阵元的驻波曲线图；
图7示出了根据本申请的实施例的缝隙阵列天线的相位归一化视图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
在本说明书的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于对不同的技术特征进行区分，而不能理解为指示或暗示所指示技术特征的相对重要性或顺序，也不能理解为暗示或指示技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或隐含包括一个或多个该特征。此外，在本发明的描述中，“多个”或“至少一个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本说明书的描述中，“中心”，“横向”、“纵向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“高度”、“厚度”、“深度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“垂直”、“水平”、“顶部”、“底部”、“内”、“外”等与方位和位置关系有关的术语均是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系来说明的，其仅是为了便于叙述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定方位构造和操作，不能理解为限制本发明的具体保护范围。
如图1-4所示，提供了根据本申请的实施例的缝隙阵列天线100。该缝隙阵列天线100包括缝隙辐射单元101和反射腔体单元102，其中缝隙辐射单元101支撑在反射腔体单元102之上，即反射腔体单元102可用于支撑缝隙辐射单元101。缝隙辐射单元101可通过例如胶粘或螺钉的方式固定在反射腔体单元102上，因此安装起来较为简单，从而有助于减小由组装造成的不同天线阵的相位一致性差异。在一种实现中，缝隙阵列天线100的极化为线极化，例如为垂直线极化。
具体地，缝隙辐射单元101可包括辐射基板1011以及多个天线阵元(例如图1所示的天线阵元1012a-1012d，以下统称为天线阵元1012)。辐射基板1011可一体成型，例如可以采用材料为例如RO4350的板材采用例如PCB加工方式一体成型，其厚度可为40mil。通过使辐射基板1011一体成型，可以简化缝隙阵列天线100的安装过程，进而有助于减小由于组装造成的不同天线阵的相位一致性差异。如图1-3所示，多个天线阵元1012可按照线形阵列方式布置，并且相邻的两个天线阵元1012之间的间隔可为0.4-1个工作中心频点的波长，例如为0.5个工作中心频点的波长。在本文中，相邻的两个天线阵元1012之间的间隔是指相邻的两个天线阵元的中心轴线之间的距离。虽然在图1-3所示的示例中示出缝隙辐射单元101包括按照线形阵列方式布置的四个天线阵元1012a-1012d，但是缝隙辐射单元101可根据需要包括更多或更少的天线阵元，只要天线阵元的数量不少于2个即可。在一种实现中，每一天线阵元1012可在整体上呈正方形，例如每一天线阵元的长边和短边的长度均为0.5个工作中心频点的波长。
每一天线阵元1012可包括形成在辐射基板1011的下表面上的辐射缝隙301以及印制在所述辐射基板1011的上表面上的U型馈电传输线(例如，如图2所示的U型馈电传输线201a-201d，以下统称为U型馈电传输线201)。
如图3所示，辐射缝隙301可以为形成在辐射基板1011的下表面上的矩形 开口槽，其主要用于为缝隙阵列天线100进行辐射。在一种实现中，各矩形辐射缝隙301的长边长度可略小于0.5个工作中心频点的波长，例如矩形辐射缝隙301的长边长度可设为54mm。矩形辐射缝隙301的短边长度可根据与该矩形辐射缝隙301的阻抗匹配来设置，例如矩形辐射缝隙的短边长度可设为20mm。
每一天线阵元的U型馈电传输线可用于向辐射缝隙301馈电，各U型馈电传输线的长度和/或宽度可根据与相应天线阵元的辐射缝隙301的阻抗匹配来设置。在本文中，每一U型馈电传输线的长度指该U型馈电传输线的U型枝节在横向方向上的长度，如图2中的L所指示的，并且每一U型馈电传输线的宽度指该U型馈电传输线的U型枝节在纵向方向上的长度，如图2中的W所指示的。在一个示例中，U型枝节的长度可为25mm，U型枝节的宽度可为9mm，这种U型馈电传输线能够在宽频带范围实现很好的阻抗匹配。在本申请中，U型馈电传输线201采用这种U型形状的好处在于有助于各天线阵元在宽频带范围内实现良好的驻波。例如，如图5-6分别示出了图1-3所示的缝隙阵列天线100中的天线阵元1012a和1012b的驻波曲线图，通过图5-6可知，在5G通信频段2.515G-2.675G范围内，各天线阵元的驻波值均小于1.5，因此这种实现的驻波效果较好。
在一种实现中，缝隙辐射单元101所包括的多个天线阵元1012中的至少两个天线阵元1012的U型馈电传输线201的轴线相对于相应天线阵元的中心轴线偏移预设距离。各天线阵元1012的U型馈电传输线201的轴线相对于相应天线阵元1012的中心轴线偏移的距离的大小可影响相应天线阵元的辐射相位图。因此，各天线阵元1012的U型馈电传输线201的轴线相对于相应天线阵元1012的中心轴线偏移的距离的大小可根据需要来进行设定，但是最终确定的偏移距离应确保仍可满足相应天线阵元的驻波指标(例如，该驻波指标的驻波值为1.5)。在一种实现中，多个天线阵元1012中位于线形阵列两端的两个天线阵元(在图2中，为天线阵元1012a和1012d)的U型馈电传输线201(在图2中，为U型馈电传输线201a和201d)的轴线相对于相应天线阵元的中心轴线偏移预设距离。例如，如图2所示，X1为位于天线阵列100的线形阵列第一端(在图2中为最左侧)的第一天线阵元(即，天线阵元1012a)在纵向方向上的第一中心轴线，根据该图可以看出，该第一天线阵元1012a的第一U型馈电传输线201a的第一轴线相对于该第一中心轴线向第一方向(在图2中为向左)偏移第一距离d1。此外，在图2中，X2为位于天线阵列100的线形阵列第二端(在图2中 为最右侧)的第二天线阵元(即，天线阵元1012d)在纵向方向上的第二中心轴线，根据该图可以看出，该第二天线阵元1012d的第二U型馈电传输线201d的第二轴线相对于该第二中心轴线向第二方向(在图2中为向右)偏移第二距离d2。在一种实现中，第一方向不同于第二方向，并且第一方向取决于第一天线阵元在线形阵列中的位置方向，第二方向取决于第二天线阵元在线形阵列中的位置方向。在图2的示例中，第一方向与第二方向彼此相反。该第一距离可等于该第二距离，也可不同于该第二距离，具体取决于实际的使用需要。例如，仅作为一个示例，第一距离d1可以为3mm，第二距离d2也为3mm。在另一实现中，多个天线阵元1012中的其他一个或多个天线阵元(例如，图2中的天线阵元1012b或1012c)的U型馈电传输线(例如，图2中的U型馈电传输线201b或201c)的轴线也可相对于相应天线阵元的中心轴线偏移预设的距离。这种结构可以有效地促成对天线阵元的相位一致性的提高。
在如图3所示，每一天线阵元1012还可包括SMA连接器302，SMA连接器302与相应的U型馈电传输线201连接，以用于经由该U型馈电传输线201来向相应天线阵元1012的辐射缝隙301馈电。在一种实现中，各个SMA连接器302可以通过焊接方式固定在辐射基板的下表面上，因此SMA连接器302通过该焊点与印制在辐射基板的上表面上的相应U型馈电传输线201连接。在一种实现中，各SMA连接器302可例如通过下面将进一步描述的第一矩形孔401与馈线电缆连接，馈线电缆穿过第一矩形孔后一般连接到接收机射频电路输出口作为替换，天线阵元1012也可不包括SMA连接器302，而改为使用剥皮电缆焊接方式来向相应的辐射缝隙301进行馈电，由于剥皮电缆焊接方式在领域中是常用的一种馈电方式，因此本文中不再对此进行进一步赘述。
在如图1-3所示，缝隙辐射单元101还可包括一个或多个隔离条1013，每一隔离条1013都被印制在缝隙辐射单元101的上表面上两个相邻天线阵元之间的中间位置处，从而有助于将各天线阵元之间的空间电磁波隔离开，减少各天线阵元之间的相互干扰和影响，进而减少各天线阵元之间的耦合。在一种实现中，隔离条1013为金属隔离条，并且隔离条1013可采用PCB加工方式印制在缝隙辐射单元101的上表面上。隔离条1013的形状可以为矩形，其长度和宽度的选择可在一定程度上影响阵列天线的相位一致性，因此隔离条1013的长度和宽度可根据实际需要来进行选择。例如，隔离条1013的长度可选为与天线阵元1012的长边的长度一致，并且隔离条1013的宽度可选为2mm，这有助于提高 大角度范围阵元间的相位一致性。
反射腔体单元102可用于反射缝隙阵列天线100的后向辐射电磁波，使得缝隙阵列天线实现单向辐射。在一种实现中，反射腔体单元102为矩形的金属腔体单元，其可以采用金属板材一体成型，可采用的金属板材的示例包括铁板、铝板、不锈钢板等。例如，仅作为示例，反射腔体单元12可采用1mm厚的不锈钢板一体成型。通过将反射腔体单元102一体成型，也可以简化缝隙阵列天线100的安装过程，进而也有助于减小由于组装造成的不同天线阵的相位一致性差异。在一种实现中，反射腔体单元102在整体上呈矩形。例如，反射腔体单元102的长度、宽度可取为与缝隙辐射单元的长度和宽度一致，高度(又称为深度)可取为1/4个工作中心频点的波长，例如反射腔体单元的高度可取为29mm。在一种实现中，反射腔体单元102的四壁上可开设有多个开口，所述多个开口包括开设在反射腔体单元102的第一壁和第二壁(在图4中为反射腔体单元102的前壁和后壁)上的第一矩形孔401以及开设在反射腔体单元102的第三壁和第四壁(在图4中为反射腔体单元102的左壁和右壁)上的第二矩形孔403。如图4所示，反射腔体单元102的第一壁和第二壁相对，并且第三壁和第四壁相对，并且第一壁和第二壁沿着多个天线阵元1012按照线形阵列方式布置的方向延伸，而第三壁和第四壁在反射腔体单元102的两端。另外，在反射腔体单元102内还插有多个隔离片402，每一隔离片402被插在反射腔体单元102内位于两个相邻天线阵元之间的中间位置正下方的位置处。类似于隔离条1013，隔离片402也有助于将各天线阵元之间的空间电磁波隔离开，以减少各天线阵元之间的相互干扰和影响，进而减少各天线阵元之间的耦合。隔离片402可以例如为隔离金属片。在一种实现中，每一隔离片402上也开设有第二矩形孔403。如图4所示，隔离片402与反射腔体单元的第三壁和第四壁相对，开设在隔离片402上的第二矩形孔与开设在反射腔体单元的第三壁和第四壁上的第二矩形孔403也是相对的。在本申请中，第一矩形孔401可用作SMA连接器与馈线电缆的连接通道，而第二矩形孔403的大小可在一定程度上影响天线阵元之间的相位一致性，因此第二矩形孔403的大小可根据实际需求进行选取。仅作为示例，第二矩形孔的大小可以取为12mm x 12mm。在本申请中，第一矩形孔与第二矩形孔的大小可以相同，也可以不同，这取决于实际的应用需求。在本申请中，第一矩形孔401和第二矩形孔还有助于减轻阵列天线的整体重量。
图7示出了根据本申请实施例的缝隙阵列天线100的相位归一化视图。具 体地，图7示出了缝隙阵列天线100的四个天线阵元(即，天线阵元1012a-1012d，其中图7中的阵元1指示图1所示的天线阵元1012a，阵元2指示图1所示的天线阵元1012b，阵元3指示图1所示的天线阵元1012c，并且阵元4指示图1所示的天线阵元1012d)在2.765G频率处并且在方位角-60°至60°角度范围内的相位差值。根据图7所示的曲线可以看出，在方位面-60°至60°角度范围内的任意角度时，缝隙阵列天线100中的天线阵元1012b与天线阵元1012a之间、天线阵元1012c与天线阵元1012a之间以及天线阵元1012d与天线阵元1012a之间的相位差值均小于9°，由此可见根据本申请实施例的缝隙阵列天线100在大角度范围内阵元相位一致性很好。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述缝隙阵列天线包括缝隙辐射单元和反射腔体单元，
    其中，所述缝隙辐射单元支撑在所述反射腔体单元之上，所述缝隙辐射单元包括辐射基板以及多个天线阵元，其中每一天线阵元包括形成在所述辐射基板的下表面上的辐射缝隙以及印制在所述辐射基板的上表面上的U型馈电传输线，并且其中所述多个天线阵元中的至少两个天线阵元的U型馈电传输线的轴线相对于相应天线阵元的中心轴线偏移预设距离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述多个天线阵元按照线形阵列方式布置，并且其中所述多个天线阵元中位于所述线形阵列两端的两个天线阵元的U型馈电传输线的轴线相对于相应天线阵元的中心轴线偏移预设距离。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述多个天线阵元中位于所述线型阵列第一端的第一天线阵元的第一U型馈电传输线的第一轴线相对于所述第一天线阵元的第一中心轴线向第一方向偏移第一距离，并且所述多个天线阵元中位于所述线型阵列第二端的第二天线阵元的第二U型馈电传输线的第二轴线相对于所述第二天线真元的第二中心轴线向第二方向偏移第二距离。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述第一方向与所述第二方向彼此相反。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述第一距离等于所述第二距离。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述第一距离不同于所述第二距离。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述缝隙辐射单元还包括一个或多个隔离条，每一隔离条都被印制在所述缝隙辐射单元的上表面上两个相邻天线阵元之间的中间位置处。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述隔离条为金属隔离条。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，每一天线阵元还包括SMA连接器，所述SMA连接器与所述U型馈电传输线连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述辐射基板是一体成型的。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述反射腔体单元为矩形的金属腔体单元，并且所述反射腔体单元是一体成型的。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述反射腔体单元的四壁上开设有多个开口，所述多个开口包括开设在所述反射腔体单元的第一壁和第二壁上的第一矩形孔以及开设在所述反射腔体单元的第三壁和第四壁上的第二矩形孔，其中所述第一壁和所述第二壁相对，并且所述第三壁和所述第四壁相对。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述第一矩形孔与所述第二矩形孔的大小相同。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述第一矩形孔与所述第二矩形孔的大小不同。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述反射腔体单元内插 有多个隔离片，每一隔离片都被插在所述反射腔体单元内位于两个相邻天线阵元之间的中间位置正下方的位置处。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述隔离片为隔离金属片，并且所述隔离片上开设有第二矩形孔。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述缝隙辐射单元通过胶粘或螺钉固定在所述反射腔体单元上。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的缝隙阵列天线，其中，所述辐射缝隙为形成在所述辐射基板的下表面上的矩形开口槽。
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