WO2022131665A1 - 신규 폴리플루오렌계 가교 공중합체 및 그 제조방법, 이를 이용한 알칼리 연료전지용 음이온교환막 - Google Patents
신규 폴리플루오렌계 가교 공중합체 및 그 제조방법, 이를 이용한 알칼리 연료전지용 음이온교환막 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022131665A1 WO2022131665A1 PCT/KR2021/018580 KR2021018580W WO2022131665A1 WO 2022131665 A1 WO2022131665 A1 WO 2022131665A1 KR 2021018580 W KR2021018580 W KR 2021018580W WO 2022131665 A1 WO2022131665 A1 WO 2022131665A1
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- anion exchange
- polyfluorene
- exchange membrane
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- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical group C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 48
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 6
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- DQIIQSFGJFLVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(5-bromopentyl)-1-methylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound BrCCCCC[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 DQIIQSFGJFLVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000004310 Ion Channels Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- SGRHVVLXEBNBDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dibromohexane Chemical compound BrCCCCCCBr SGRHVVLXEBNBDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IVXQJBUJZRHFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[N+]1(CCCCCCCCCCBr)CCCCC1 Chemical compound C[N+]1(CCCCCCCCCCBr)CCCCC1 IVXQJBUJZRHFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IBODDUNKEPPBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dibromopentane Chemical compound BrCCCCCBr IBODDUNKEPPBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUUPVABNAQUEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CN1CCC(=O)CC1 HUUPVABNAQUEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHQNDEHZACHHTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dimethylfluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 ZHQNDEHZACHHTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylcyclohexylamine Natural products CN1CCCCC1 PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylmethane Natural products CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- NNCAWEWCFVZOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mepiquat Chemical compound C[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 NNCAWEWCFVZOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000110 poly(aryl ether sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013636 polyphenyl ether polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel polyfluorene-based cross-linked copolymer and a method for preparing the same, and more particularly, to an aromatic polyfluorene-based copolymer having a cross-linked structure in which a piperidinium group is introduced in a repeating unit without an aryl ether bond in the polymer backbone. It relates to a technique for synthesizing a copolymer and manufacturing an anion exchange membrane from the copolymer and applying it to an alkaline fuel cell, water electrolysis, carbon dioxide reduction, metal-air battery, and the like.
- PEMFCs polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
- Nafion a perfluorocarbon-based proton exchange membrane, represented by Nafion
- Nafion membrane has excellent chemical stability and high ionic conductivity, while the price is very high and the glass transition temperature is low, so research that can replace Nafion, including the development of an aromatic hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte membrane, is being actively conducted.
- alkaline membrane fuel cell using an anion exchange membrane operating in an alkaline environment has recently been attracting attention.
- alkaline membrane fuel cells can use inexpensive non-precious metals such as nickel and manganese as electrode catalysts instead of platinum. the current situation.
- Polymers having an aryl ether main chain such as polyaryl ether sulfone, polyphenyl ether, and polyether ether ketone, have been mainly used as anion exchange membranes for application to alkaline membrane fuel cells.
- an anion exchange membrane having a crosslinked structure using a hydrophobic crosslinking agent such as 1,5-dibromopentane, 1,6-dibromohexane, and 1,6-hexanediamine
- the hydrophobic anion exchange membrane is an anion exchange fuel cell.
- problems such as low ionic conductivity, limited flexibility, and low solubility for application.
- conventional anion exchange membranes have limited chemical stability (less than 500 hours at 80 ° C, 1M NaOH solution) and mechanical properties (tensile strength less than 30 Mpa). It has the disadvantage of poor durability.
- an aromatic polyfluorene-based copolymer having a cross-linked structure in which a piperidinium group is introduced in a repeating unit without an aryl ether bond in the polymer backbone and an anion exchange membrane using the same have not been manufactured, and it is used in transportation means and power storage devices.
- a technology applied to an anion exchange fuel cell used in the military, aerospace industry, or the like, or a low-cost water electrolysis device for hydrogen generation is not specifically known.
- the present inventors have conducted research to expand the application field of aromatic polymer ion exchange membranes with excellent thermal and chemical stability and mechanical properties.
- synthetic polyfluorene-based copolymer with a cross-linked structure and manufacturing an anion exchange membrane from it, it has been found to have excellent mechanical strength, water content, and durability, and can be applied to alkaline fuel cells, water electrolysis, carbon dioxide reduction, and metal-air batteries.
- the present invention was arrived at by paying attention to that.
- Patent Document 1 Korean Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-2018-0121961
- Patent Document 2 International Patent Publication WO 2019/068051
- Patent Document 3 Chinese Registered Patent Publication CN 106784946
- Patent Document 4 China Registered Patent Publication CN 108164724
- the present invention has been devised in view of the above problems, and a first object of the present invention is to provide a polyfluorene-based crosslinked copolymer having excellent mechanical strength, water content and durability, and an anion exchange membrane having a crosslinked structure prepared therefrom would like to
- a second object of the present invention is to apply the polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having the cross-linked structure to alkaline fuel cells, water electrolysis, carbon dioxide reduction, and metal-air batteries.
- the present invention for achieving the above object provides a polyfluorene-based crosslinked copolymer selected from copolymers having a crosslinked structure represented by the following ⁇ Formula 1> to ⁇ Formula 5>.
- aryl-1 and aryl-2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of fluorenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl and quarterphenyl, at least one of which is is fluorenyl,
- R H or CH 3 ,
- x represents the degree of crosslinking
- n an integer from 1 to 15
- X degree of crosslinking
- ⁇ Formula 1> to ⁇ Formula 5> (Ammonium-based crosslinking agent) is characterized in that it is a polyammonium compound having at least one ammonium cation.
- the present invention comprises the steps of (I) dissolving a polyfluorene-based block copolymer into which piperidine is introduced in an organic solvent to obtain a polymer solution; (II) adding and stirring an ammonium-based crosslinking agent solution to the polymer solution to obtain a mixed solution; (III) adding and reacting an excess of methyl iodide to the mixed solution to form a quaternary piperidinium salt; and (IV) precipitating, washing and drying the polymer solution in which the quaternary piperidinium salt is formed to obtain a solid polymer;
- the organic solvent of step (I) is N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide.
- the ammonium-based crosslinking agent in step (II) is characterized in that it is a polyammonium compound having at least one ammonium cation.
- the present invention provides a polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having a crosslinked structure obtained from the polyfluorene-based crosslinked copolymer.
- the present invention comprises the steps of (a) dissolving the polyfluorene-based crosslinked copolymer in an organic solvent to obtain a polymer solution; (b) filtering the polymer solution, casting to a glass plate, and drying to obtain a film; and (c) converting the counter ions into OH ⁇ ions by immersing the obtained membrane in a 1M NaOH solution.
- the organic solvent of step (a) is N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide.
- the concentration of the polymer solution in step (a) is characterized in that 2 to 30% by weight.
- step (b) is characterized in that the organic solvent is completely removed by slowly removing the organic solvent in an oven at 80 to 90° C. for 24 hours, and then heating it in a vacuum oven at 120 to 150° C. for 24 hours.
- the present invention provides a membrane electrode assembly for an alkaline fuel cell comprising the polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having the cross-linked structure.
- the present invention provides an alkali fuel cell including the polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having the cross-linked structure.
- the present invention provides a water electrolysis device including the polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having the cross-linked structure.
- an anion exchange membrane having a cross-linked structure prepared from an aromatic polyfluorene-based block copolymer having a cross-linked structure in which a piperidinium group is introduced in a repeating unit without an aryl ether bond in the polymer backbone has thermal and chemical stability and mechanical stability. It has excellent physical properties, high water content, ionic conductivity and durability, and exhibits an excellent dispersed phase.
- polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having the cross-linked structure of the present invention can be applied to alkaline fuel cells, water electrolysis devices, carbon dioxide reduction, metal-air batteries, and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the dimensional stability of anion exchange membranes prepared from Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
- Figure 2 (a) is the mechanical properties of the anion exchange membrane prepared from Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention in a dry state, (b) is Examples 1, 3 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention A graph measuring the mechanical properties in a wet state of an anion exchange membrane prepared from
- FIG 3 is a graph showing the ion conductivity of the anion exchange membranes prepared from Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
- FIG 4 is a graph showing the ion channel size and phase separation of the anion exchange membranes prepared from Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the fuel cell performance of the anion exchange membranes prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a polyfluorene-based crosslinked copolymer selected from copolymers having a crosslinked structure represented by the following ⁇ Formula 1> to ⁇ Formula 5>.
- aryl-1 and aryl-2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of fluorenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl and quarterphenyl, at least one of which is is fluorenyl,
- R H or CH 3 ,
- x represents the degree of crosslinking
- n an integer from 1 to 15
- the inventors of the present invention have already disclosed a novel polyfluorene-based copolymer ionomer, an anion exchange membrane, and a method for manufacturing the same in an earlier patent application (Patent Publication No. 10-2021-0071810).
- x represents the degree of crosslinking and can be controlled by the amount of a polyammonium compound having at least one ammonium cation used as a crosslinking agent, and the degree of crosslinking can be prepared from a crosslinked copolymer.
- the anion exchange membrane has Since the copolymer is not completely dissolved in the organic solvent, the crosslinking reaction does not proceed, there is a disadvantage that an anion exchange membrane cannot be prepared.
- the present invention provides a polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having a crosslinked structure obtained from the polyfluorene-based crosslinked copolymer.
- the polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having the cross-linked structure is a multi-ammonium cross-linked membrane including at least one or more ammonium groups, without an aryl ether bond, and contains N- such as polyphenylene and dimethylpiperidinium in the repeating unit.
- the ammonium-based crosslinking agent used in the present invention has a flexible aliphatic chain structure including an ammonium group and a controllable number of ammonium groups showing excellent stability, so it has high ionic conductivity, durability, and a fine phase separation structure.
- the ion exchange performance and the morphology of the polyammonium crosslinked anion exchange membrane can be controlled.
- polyammonium cross-linked anion exchange membrane according to the present invention can significantly improve ionic conductivity and mechanical properties compared to that of the conventional cross-linked anion exchange membrane exhibiting very low ionic conductivity by a hydrophobic cross-linking agent after cross-linking.
- the polyammonium cross-linked anion exchange membrane according to the present invention shows high water content even in a dry environment, it can be stably operated even under low humidity conditions compared to conventional anion exchange fuel cells and exhibits high water vapor permeability. It has the advantage of easy delivery and moisture management, and durability is greatly improved.
- the present invention comprises the steps of (I) dissolving a polyfluorene-based block copolymer into which piperidine is introduced in an organic solvent to obtain a polymer solution; (II) adding and stirring an ammonium-based crosslinking agent solution to the polymer solution to obtain a mixed solution; (III) adding and reacting an excess of methyl iodide to the mixed solution to form a quaternary piperidinium salt; and (IV) precipitating, washing and drying the polymer solution in which the quaternary piperidinium salt is formed to obtain a solid polymer;
- the polyfluorene-based block copolymer into which the piperidine of step (I) was introduced was synthesized by the method described in Korean Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-2021-0071810 by the inventors of the present invention.
- organic solvent in step (I) may be N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide is preferably used.
- the ammonium-based crosslinking agent in step (II) may be a polyammonium compound having at least one ammonium cation, and a diammonium or triammonium compound having various lengths of an alkyl spacer may be used, and 4,4'-(propane).
- -diyl)bis(1-(5-bromopentyl)-1-methylpiperidinium or 4,4′-(propane-diyl)bis(1-(10-bromodecyl)-1-methylpiperidinium is more preferably used.
- the present invention comprises the steps of (a) dissolving the polyfluorene-based crosslinked copolymer in an organic solvent to obtain a polymer solution; (b) filtering the polymer solution, casting to a glass plate, and drying to obtain a film; and (c) converting the counter ions into OH ⁇ ions by immersing the obtained membrane in a 1M NaOH solution.
- the organic solvent in step (a) may be N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide is preferably used.
- the concentration of the polymer solution in step (a) is 2 to 30% by weight. If the concentration of the polymer solution is less than 2% by weight, the film-forming ability may decrease, and if it exceeds 30% by weight, the viscosity becomes too high, so that after film forming The physical properties of the membrane may be deteriorated.
- step (b) the organic solvent is gradually removed in an oven at 80-90° C. for 24 hours, and then the organic solvent is completely removed by heating in a vacuum oven at 120-150° C. for 24 hours.
- the polyfluorene-based cross-linked copolymer film obtained through steps (a) to (b) is immersed in 1M NaOH solution and treated to thereby convert the halide form (I - form) of the polyfluorene-based cross-linked copolymer film to OH - , Cl -
- a polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having a cross-linked structure converted into CO 3 2- may be prepared.
- the present invention provides a membrane electrode assembly for an alkaline fuel cell comprising the polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having the cross-linked structure.
- the present invention provides an alkali fuel cell including the polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having the cross-linked structure.
- the present invention provides a water electrolysis device including the polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having the cross-linked structure.
- 9,9'-dimethylfluorene (0.2914 g, 1.5 mmol) as a monomer
- terphenyl (3.105 g, 13.5 mmol) as a comonomer
- 1-methyl-4-piperidone (1.919 mL, 16.5 mmol, 1.1 eq) was added to a two-neck flask, and dichloromethane (13 mL) was added thereto to dissolve the monomers while stirring to form a solution.
- the PFTM obtained in Preparation Example was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain a polymer solution having a concentration of 5 wt%.
- 4,4'-(propane-diyl)bis(1-(5-bromopentyl)-1-methylpiperidinium as a crosslinking agent was added to the obtained polymer solution and stirred at 80°C for 48 hours to obtain a mixed solution. (Adjust the degree of crosslinking to 10%)
- an excess of methyl iodide was added to the mixed solution and reacted for 24 hours to form a quaternary piperidinium salt.
- the polymer solution with the quaternary piperidinium salt was prepared A solid cross-linked copolymer was obtained by precipitation in ethyl acetate, washing, and drying in a vacuum oven at 80° C. for 24 hours.
- the obtained cross-linked copolymer was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain a polymer solution having a concentration of 4 wt%.
- the obtained polymer solution was filtered with a 0.45 ⁇ m polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter and cast on a glass plate.
- the casting solution was dried at 90° C. for 24 hours to gradually remove dimethyl sulfoxide, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 140° C. to completely remove dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain a polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane (I - form) having a cross-linked structure.
- I - form polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having a cross-linked structure. obtained, which was named x-PFTP-DP-C5-10.
- the x-PFTP-DP-C5-10 obtained above was removed from the glass plate, cut to a size of 3.5 cm x 3.5 cm, and treated by immersion in 1M NaOH solution for 24 hours to convert counter ions to OH ⁇ ions.
- a mixed solution was obtained by adding 4,4'-(propane-diyl)bis(1-(10-bromodecyl)-1-methylpiperidinium as a crosslinking agent and stirring at 80°C for 48 hours, and the degree of crosslinking was 10%
- a polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having a cross-linked structure was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that it was controlled as x-PFTP-DP-C10-10.
- PFTM (4 g) obtained in Preparation Example was dissolved in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (40 mL) and cosolvent trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) at 80° C. to obtain a polymer solution, and then cooled to room temperature. Then, K 2 CO 3 (2.5 g) and methyl iodide (2 mL, 3 eq) were added to the polymer solution and reacted for 48 hours to form a quaternary piperidinium salt. Next, the polymer solution was precipitated in ethyl acetate, filtered, washed several times with deionized water, and dried in a vacuum oven at 80° C. for 24 hours to obtain a solid poly(fluorene-co-terphenyl N,N-dimethylpiperidinium) copolymer. was prepared.
- the copolymer was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to form a polymer solution having a concentration of 3.2% by weight. Then, the polymer solution was collected with a syringe, filtered through a 0.4 ⁇ m filter, and the transparent solution was cast on a 14 x 21 cm glass plate. The casting solution was dried in an oven at 85° C. for 24 hours to slowly remove the solvent, and then heated in a vacuum oven at 150° C. for 24 hours to completely remove the solvent, thereby obtaining a polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having no cross-linked structure (PFTP). business card), then by immersion in 1M NaOH solution for 24 hours in the same manner as in Example 1 to convert the counter ions to OH ⁇ ions.
- PFTP cross-linked structure
- a polyfluorene-based anion exchange membrane having a crosslinked structure was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 1,6-dibromohexane was used as a crosslinking agent and the degree of crosslinking was adjusted to 10%. named 10.
- Test data such as mechanical properties, morphology, ion exchange performance, moisture content, expansion rate, ion conductivity and fuel cell performance of the anion exchange membranes prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention were obtained by the inventors of the present invention, etc. Measurement and evaluation were carried out by the method described in Korean Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-2021-0071810.
- the anion exchange membrane having a crosslinked structure prepared in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention has improved ion exchange capacity compared to the anion exchange membrane having no crosslinked structure as in Comparative Example 1 due to the crosslinking agent containing an ion group, and thus the water absorption rate is similar to the conventional cross-linked anion exchange membrane prepared in Comparative Example 2, and it can be seen that the degree of swelling is rather high.
- FIG. 2(a) the mechanical properties of the anion exchange membranes prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention in a dry state
- (b) are shown in Examples 1, 3 and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
- the results of measuring the mechanical properties of the anion exchange membrane prepared in Example 2 in a wet state are shown.
- the anion exchange membrane having a crosslinked structure has increased tensile strength and elongation compared to the anion exchange membrane having no crosslinked structure due to its inherent crosslinked structure, and exhibits excellent mechanical properties even in a wet state.
- the ion conductivity of the anion exchange membrane having a cross-linked structure did not decrease due to the relatively high ion exchange capacity, and the ion conductivity was similar or high at 60 to 80° C., which is a general fuel cell driving condition.
- FIG. 4 shows the ion channel size and phase separation of the anion exchange membranes prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.
- the crosslinking agent Due to the ion group of the crosslinking agent, it has an ion channel size of about 1.5 times that of an anion exchange membrane having a conventional crosslinked structure as in Comparative Example 2, and also has excellent phase separation, so that it has a hydrophilic region of about 40%.
- Figures 5 (a) to (d) is an evaluation of alkali safety, (a) by exposing the anion exchange membrane prepared in Examples 1, 3 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention to 80 ° C., 1M NaOH solution for a long time. Residual ion conductivity, (b) spectrum analyzed by 1 HNMR after exposing the anion exchange membrane prepared in Example 1 of the present invention at 80° C. to 1M NaOH solution for 1200 hours, (c) Examples 1 and 3 of the present invention and mechanical properties of the anion exchange membrane prepared from Comparative Example 2 after exposure to 80° C. and 1M NaOH solution for 1200 hours, (d) the anion exchange membrane prepared from Examples 1, 3 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention at 80° C., 1M The degree of phase separation was shown after treatment in NaOH solution for 1200 hours and before treatment.
- the cross-linked anion exchange membrane according to the present invention has a cross-linked structure containing at least one or more ammonium groups, it exhibits excellent ion exchange capacity, ion conductivity, dispersed phase, and mechanical properties to provide high power density and durability in an anion exchange fuel cell. could get
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Abstract
Description
샘플 | IEC(meq g-1) | OH- conductivity (mS cm-1) |
HCO3
- conductivity (mS cm-1) |
|
Exp. (Cl- form) |
Theo. (Cl- form) |
|||
PFTP | 2.64 | 2.78 | 162.60 | 67.34 |
x-PFTP-10 | 2.67 | 2.81 | 145.45 | 58.26 |
x-PFTP-DP-C5-10 | 2.82 | 2.95 | 163.08 | 72.10 |
x-PFTP-DP-C5-20 | 2.88 | 3.00 | 142.85 | 61.30 |
x-PFTP-DP-C10-10 | 2.78 | 2.90 | 165.34 | 69.34 |
Claims (14)
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 <화학식 1> 내지 <화학식 5>에서 X(가교도)는 5 내지 20%인 것을 특징으로 하는 폴리플루오렌계 가교 공중합체.
- (I) 피페리딘이 도입된 폴리플루오렌계 블록 공중합체를 유기용매에 용해시켜 중합체 용액을 얻는 단계;(II) 상기 중합체 용액에 암모늄계 가교제 용액을 부가 및 교반하여 혼합용액을 얻는 단계;(III) 상기 혼합용액에 과량의 요요드화메틸을 부가 및 반응시켜 4급 피페리디늄 염을 형성하는 단계; 및(IV) 상기 4급 피페리디늄 염이 형성된 중합체 용액을 침전, 세척 및 건조하여 고체상의 중합체를 수득하는 단계;를 포함하는 폴리플루오렌계 가교 공중합체의 제조방법.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 (I) 단계의 유기용매는 N-메틸피롤리돈, 디메틸아세트아미드, 디메틸술폭시드 또는 디메틸포름아미드인 것을 특징으로 하는 폴리플루오렌계 가교 공중합체의 제조방법.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 (II) 단계의 암모늄계 가교제는 적어도 하나 이상의 암모늄 양이온을 갖는 다암모늄 화합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 폴리플루오렌계 가교 공중합체의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 폴리플루오렌계 가교 공중합체로부터 얻어지는 가교구조를 갖는 폴리플루오렌계 음이온교환막.
- (a) 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 폴리플루오렌계 가교 공중합체를 유기용매에 용해시켜 중합체 용액을 얻는 단계; (b) 상기 중합체 용액을 필터링하고, 유리판에 캐스팅한 후 건조하여 막을 수득하는 단계; 및 (c) 상기 수득한 막을 1M NaOH 용액에 침지하여 카운터 이온을 OH- 이온으로 전환하는 단계;를 포함하는 가교구조를 갖는 폴리플루오렌계 음이온교환막의 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 (a) 단계의 유기용매는 N-메틸피롤리돈, 디메틸아세트아미드, 디메틸술폭시드 또는 디메틸포름아미드인 것을 특징으로 하는 가교구조를 갖는 폴리플루오렌계 음이온교환막의 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 (a) 단계의 중합체 용액의 농도는 2~30 중량%인 것을 특징으로 하는 가교구조를 갖는 폴리플루오렌계 음이온교환막의 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계의 건조는 80~90℃ 오븐에서 24시간 동안 유기용매를 서서히 제거한 후, 120~150℃ 진공오븐에서 24시간 동안 가열함으로써 유기용매를 완전히 제거하는 것을 특징으로 하는 가교구조를 갖는 폴리플루오렌계 음이온교환막의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 따른 가교구조를 갖는 폴리플루오렌계 음이온교환막을 포함하는 알칼리 연료전지용 막전극접합체.
- 제7항에 따른 가교구조를 갖는 폴리플루오렌계 음이온교환막을 포함하는 알칼리 연료전지.
- 제7항에 따른 가교구조를 갖는 폴리플루오렌계 음이온교환막을 포함하는 수전해 장치.
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CHEN NANJUN; LU CHUANRUI; LI YUNXI; LONG CHUAN; LI ZIMING; ZHU HONG: "Tunable multi-cations-crosslinked poly(arylene piperidinium)-based alkaline membranes with high ion conductivity and durability", JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 588, 18 May 2019 (2019-05-18), NL , XP085765162, ISSN: 0376-7388, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.05.044 * |
MAURYA SANDIP, NOH SANGTAIK, MATANOVIC IVANA, PARK EUN JOO, NARVAEZ VILLARRUBIA CLAUDIA, MARTINEZ ULISES, HAN JUNYOUNG, BAE CHULSU: "Rational design of polyaromatic ionomers for alkaline membrane fuel cells with >1 W cm −2 power density", ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, vol. 11, no. 11, 7 November 2018 (2018-11-07), Cambridge , pages 3283 - 3291, XP055818429, ISSN: 1754-5692, DOI: 10.1039/C8EE02192A * |
OLSSON JOEL S.; PHAM THANH HUONG; JANNASCH PATRIC: "Tuning poly(arylene piperidinium) anion-exchange membranes by copolymerization, partial quaternization and crosslinking", JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 578, 1 January 1900 (1900-01-01), NL , pages 183 - 195, XP085618788, ISSN: 0376-7388, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.01.036 * |
Cited By (1)
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CN115819734A (zh) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-03-21 | 西湖大学 | 一类含两性离子侧链结构的阴离子交换聚合物及其应用 |
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