WO2022124375A1 - 気泡率センサおよびこれを用いた流量計ならびに極低温液体移送管 - Google Patents
気泡率センサおよびこれを用いた流量計ならびに極低温液体移送管 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022124375A1 WO2022124375A1 PCT/JP2021/045381 JP2021045381W WO2022124375A1 WO 2022124375 A1 WO2022124375 A1 WO 2022124375A1 JP 2021045381 W JP2021045381 W JP 2021045381W WO 2022124375 A1 WO2022124375 A1 WO 2022124375A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- flow path
- bubble
- bubble rate
- electrodes
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 itria Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/226—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
- G01F1/86—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a bubble rate sensor (void fraction sensor) for measuring the bubble rate of a cryogenic liquid such as liquid hydrogen, a flow meter using the sensor, and a cryogenic liquid transfer tube.
- a bubble rate sensor void fraction sensor
- liquid hydrogen is an extremely low temperature (boiling point -253 ° C) liquid, and has a feature that bubbles (void) are immediately generated because the heat conduction is very high and the latent heat is small. Therefore, the liquid hydrogen is a so-called two-phase flow in which gas and liquid are mixed in the transfer pipe.
- Non-Patent Document 1 proposes a capacitance type void rate meter (capacitance type void fraction sensor) that measures a capacitance using a pair of electrodes.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports that the void ratio of liquid nitrogen was measured using this void ratio meter.
- the pipe used in this capacitance type void rate meter has a relatively small inner diameter of 10.2 mm.
- the bubble ratio sensor of the present disclosure measures the bubble ratio of an ultra-low temperature liquid, and includes a pipe having a flow path through which the ultra-low temperature liquid flows, and a first electrode and a second electrode arranged outside the flow path. , Which is located in the flow path and between the first and second electrodes and comprises at least one intermediate electrode for measuring capacitance between the first and / or second electrodes.
- the other bubble ratio sensor of the present disclosure comprises a pipe having a flow path through which a cryogenic liquid flows and at least a pair of electrodes for measuring capacitance, at least a pair of electrodes outside the flow path. It includes an electrode to be arranged and an electrode to be arranged in the flow path.
- Yet another bubble rate sensor of the present disclosure comprises a pipe having a flow path through which a cryogenic liquid flows and at least a pair of electrodes for measuring capacitance, at least a pair of electrodes arranged in the flow path. Has been done.
- the current meter of the present disclosure measures the flow rate of the ultra-low temperature liquid flowing in the flow path of the pipe, and measures the flow velocity of the bubble ratio sensor and the ultra-low temperature liquid flowing in the flow path. Equipped with a meter.
- the present disclosure also provides an ultra-low temperature liquid transfer pipe equipped with the above flow meter.
- FIG. 1 shows the bubble ratio sensor 1 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Is shown.
- the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B are arranged outside the flow path 5 of the pipe 2 having the flow path 5 for flowing liquid hydrogen.
- the intermediate electrode 4 is arranged in the flow path 5 of the pipe 2.
- the intermediate electrode 4 is located between the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B, and along the axial direction of the flow path 5 of the pipe 2 (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 1), the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B. It is provided so as to face the.
- the cross section of the flow path 5 perpendicular to the axial direction is circular via the intermediate electrode 4.
- the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B are located outside the flow path 5.
- the fact that the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B are located outside the flow path 5 means that the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B are located on the outer periphery of the pipe 2 as shown in FIG. It may be located inside the pipe 2 that surrounds the flow path 5.
- the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B are preferably located on the outer periphery of the pipe 2 as shown in FIG. When the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B are located on the outer periphery of the pipe 2, the bubble ratio sensor 1 can be easily manufactured.
- the plurality of flow paths are regarded as one flow path, and the first electrode 3A sandwiches the flow path group outside the flow path group. And the second electrode 3B is located. Further, when there are a plurality of flow paths in one pipe 2 in this way, the intermediate electrode 4 is located between the first electrode 3A and the second bullet pole 3B, and between adjacent flow paths. ing.
- the intermediate electrode 4 is arranged in the flow path 5 of the pipe 2 in this way, even if the inner diameter of the flow path 5 becomes large, it is between the first electrode 3A and the intermediate electrode 4 and between the second electrode 3B and the intermediate electrode. Since the capacitance is measured between the electrode and the electrode 4, the distance between the electrodes is shortened and the capacitance is increased. Further, by facing the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B, the area of the intermediate electrode 4 can be set large, so that the capacitance accumulated between the electrodes becomes large, and the liquid hydrogen can be charged. The measurement accuracy of the bubble ratio can be improved.
- the first electrode 3A, the second electrode 3B, and the intermediate electrode 4 are all electrically connected to the capacitance measuring machine 8, and the measured capacitance value is displayed on the capacitance measuring machine 8. Will be done.
- the pipe 2 is a cylindrical body having a flow path 5 for flowing liquid hydrogen, and is formed of insulating ceramics.
- ceramics include ceramics containing zirconia, alumina, sapphire, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, sialon, cozilite, mullite, itria, silicon carbide, cermet, ⁇ -eucriptite and the like as main components.
- Insulating ceramics refer to ceramics having a volume resistivity of 10 10 ⁇ ⁇ m or more at 20 ° C.
- the main component of ceramics means a component that occupies 60% by mass or more of the total 100% by mass of the components constituting the ceramics.
- the main component is preferably a component that accounts for 95% by mass or more of the total 100% by mass of the components constituting the ceramics.
- the components constituting the ceramics may be obtained by using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD).
- XRD X-ray diffractometer
- the content of each component can be determined by determining the content of the elements constituting the component using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (XRF) or an ICP emission spectroscopic analyzer after identifying the component and converting it into the identified component. good.
- the relative density of ceramics is, for example, 92% or more and 99.9% or less.
- the relative density is expressed as a percentage (ratio) of the apparent density of the ceramics obtained in accordance with JIS R1634-198 with respect to the theoretical density of the ceramics.
- Ceramics have closed pores, and the value obtained by subtracting the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of the closed pores from the average value of the distance between the centers of gravity of the adjacent closed pores (hereinafter, this value is referred to as the distance between the closed pores) is 8 ⁇ m. It may be 18 ⁇ m or more.
- the closed pores are independent of each other.
- the closed pores When the distance between the closed pores is 8 ⁇ m or more, the closed pores exist in a relatively dispersed state, so that the mechanical strength is high. On the other hand, when the distance between the closed pores is 18 ⁇ m or less, even if a cold shock is repeatedly applied and microcracks originating from the contour of the closed pores occur, there is a high probability that the extension will be blocked by the surrounding closed pores. Become. From this, if the distance between the closed pores is 8 ⁇ m or more and 18 ⁇ m or less, the pipe 2 made of this ceramic can be used for a long period of time.
- the skewness of the circle-equivalent diameter of the closed pores may be larger than the skewness of the distance between the centers of gravity of the closed pores.
- the skewness is an index (statistic) indicating how much the distribution is distorted from the normal distribution, that is, the left-right symmetry of the distribution.
- the skewness is larger than 0, the tail of the distribution is on the right side.
- the distribution is symmetrical, and when the skewness is less than 0, the tail of the distribution is toward the left side.
- the skewness of the circle-equivalent diameter of the closed pores is larger than the skewness of the circle-equivalent diameter of the closed pores.
- the mode is located to the left (zero side) of the mode of the distance between the centers of gravity. That is, there are many closed pores having a small equivalent circle diameter, and these closed pores are more sparsely present, so that the inner pipe 2 has both mechanical strength and cold heat impact resistance.
- the skewness of the circle-equivalent diameter of the closed pores is 1 or more, and the skewness of the distance between the centers of gravity of the closed pores is 0.6 or less.
- the difference between the skewness of the circle-equivalent diameter of the closed pores and the skewness of the distance between the centers of gravity of the closed pores is 0.4 or more.
- a diamond abrasive grain having an average particle size D50 of 3 ⁇ m is used on a copper plate. Grind. Then, by polishing with a tin plate using diamond abrasive grains having an average particle size D 50 of 0.5 ⁇ m, a polished surface having an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.2 ⁇ m or less in the roughness curve is obtained.
- the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the polished surface is the same as the above-mentioned measuring method.
- the distance between the centers of gravity of the dispersion measurement is used to open the pores.
- the distance between the centers of gravity may be obtained.
- the image analysis software "A image-kun” is described, the image analysis software manufactured by Asahi Kasei Engineering Co., Ltd. is shown.
- the threshold value which is an index indicating the lightness and darkness of the image may be 165, the lightness may be dark, the small figure removal area may be 1 ⁇ m 2 , and the noise removal filter may be omitted.
- the threshold value may be adjusted according to the brightness of the observed image, the brightness is darkened, the binarization method is manual, the small figure removal area is 1 ⁇ m2, and the noise removal filter is provided.
- the threshold value may be adjusted so that the marker appearing in the observation image matches the shape of the closed pores.
- the equivalent circle diameter of the closed pores the equivalent circle diameter of the open pores may be obtained by a method called particle analysis for the above observation image.
- the setting conditions may be the same as the setting conditions used for obtaining the distance between the centers of gravity of the closed pores.
- the skewness of the circle-equivalent diameter of the closed pores and the skewness of the distance between the centers of gravity may be obtained by using the function Skew provided in Excel (registered trademark, Microsoft Corporation), respectively.
- Aluminum oxide powder (purity of 99.9% by mass or more), which is the main component, and magnesium hydroxide, silicon oxide, and calcium carbonate powders are put into a grinding mill together with a solvent (for example, ion-exchanged water). After pulverizing the powder until the average particle size (D 50 ) becomes 1.5 ⁇ m or less, an organic binder and a dispersant for dispersing the aluminum oxide powder are added and mixed to obtain a slurry.
- a solvent for example, ion-exchanged water
- the content of the magnesium hydroxide powder is 0.3 to 0.42% by mass
- the content of the silicon oxide powder is 0.5 to 0.8% by mass
- the content is 0.06 to 0.1% by mass
- the balance is aluminum oxide powder and unavoidable impurities.
- the organic binder include acrylic emulsions, polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides and the like.
- a columnar molded body is formed by pressurizing the molding pressure to 78 MPa or more and 118 MPa or less using a uniaxial press molding device or a cold hydrostatic pressure press molding device. obtain.
- the molded body is formed with dents that become recesses after firing by cutting as necessary.
- the molded body is fired with the firing temperature set to 1580 ° C. or higher and 1780 ° C. or lower and the holding time set to 2 hours or longer and 4 hours or lower to obtain a pipe made of ceramics.
- the compact may be fired with a firing temperature of 1600 ° C. or higher and 1760 ° C. or lower and a holding time of 2 hours or longer and 4 hours or shorter.
- the surface of the ceramics facing the flow path may be ground to form a ground surface.
- the surface of the recess in which the electrode is provided may be ground to form the bottom surface.
- the flow path 5 should have an inner diameter of 50 mm or more.
- the distance between the electrodes increases, so that the capacitance may decrease.
- the intermediate electrode 4 is provided, the distance between the electrodes is narrowed, so that the capacitance is increased and the sensitivity can be increased.
- the inner diameter of the flow path 5 can be increased, and in this way, the flow rate of liquid hydrogen can be increased.
- the inner diameter of the flow path 5 is the maximum diameter of the flow path 5 in the direction perpendicular to the intermediate electrode 4. That is, the inner diameter of the flow path 5 includes the thickness of the intermediate electrode 4 and the thickness of the support portion 7 that supports the intermediate electrode 4.
- the pipe 2 has recesses 6A and 6B formed at portions facing each other via the axis of the flow path 5, respectively, and the first electrodes 3A and the first electrodes 3A and 6B are formed on the bottom surfaces of these recesses 6A and 6B, respectively.
- Two electrodes 3B are arranged respectively.
- the recesses 6A and 6B and the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B may be provided over the entire length in the axial direction of the pipe 2, or may be provided only in a part thereof.
- the bottom surface of the recesses 6A and 6B is a flat surface in FIG. 1, but the cross section may be an arc shape corresponding to the flow path 5.
- the first electrode 3A, the second electrode 3B, and the intermediate electrode 4 can be formed of, for example, copper foil, aluminum foil, or the like.
- the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B can be formed on the bottom surfaces of the recesses 6A and 6B by, for example, a vacuum vapor deposition method, a metallizing method, an active metal method, or the like. Further, the metal plates serving as the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B may be adhered to the bottom surfaces of the recesses 6A and 6B, respectively.
- the intermediate electrode 4 is preferably arranged so as to connect two points on the inner peripheral surface facing each other in the radial direction in the flow path 5.
- the flow path 5 of the liquid hydrogen can be divided, so that the distance between the electrodes is shortened and the capacitance is increased.
- the sensitivity of the bubble ratio sensor 1 is increased, so that the measurement accuracy of the bubble ratio of liquid hydrogen can be improved.
- the pipe 2 includes a plate-shaped support portion 7 for supporting the intermediate electrode 4 in the flow path 5, and the intermediate electrode 4 is built in the support portion 7.
- the intermediate electrode 4 can be protected.
- the intermediate electrode 4 is arranged in parallel with at least one of the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B, for example.
- the support portion 7 the same insulating ceramics as the pipe 2 can be used. Therefore, the support portion 7 and the pipe 2 may be, for example, an integrally formed product integrally formed by extrusion molding or CIP (cold hydrostatic pressure) molding.
- CIP cold hydrostatic pressure
- the film of the intermediate electrode 4 may be inserted into the portion forming the support portion 7 at the time of molding.
- a support portion 7 having a built-in intermediate electrode 4 may be created in advance and raised, and this may be inserted into the flow path 5 at right angles in the axial direction.
- the intermediate electrode 4 is mounted (laminated) on one or both sides of the support portion 7 so as to face either or both of the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B without incorporating the intermediate electrode 4. good.
- it can be manufactured by integral molding, but the intermediate electrode 4 may be attached after integral molding.
- the thickness of the first electrode 3A, the second electrode 3B, and the intermediate electrode 4 is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, and 2 mm or less, preferably 1 mm or less.
- the distance between the first electrode 3A and the intermediate electrode 4 should be electrically equal to the distance between the second electrode 3B and the intermediate electrode 4.
- the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B are electrically connected to the capacitance measuring machine 8, and the intermediate electrode 4 is also electrically connected to the capacitance measuring machine 8. It constitutes the bubble ratio sensor 1.
- FIG. 1 The same components as those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the bubble ratio sensor 11 includes a plurality of intermediate electrodes 41, 42, 43, and the distances between the intermediate electrodes 41, 42, 43 are electrically equal.
- the plurality of intermediate electrodes 41, 42, 43 in this way, the distance between the intermediate electrodes 41, 42, 43 can be shortened. Therefore, the capacitance accumulated between the intermediate electrodes 41, 42, and 43 becomes large, and the measurement accuracy of the bubble ratio of liquid hydrogen can be improved.
- the distances between the intermediate electrodes 41, 42, and 43 may be appropriately changed to change the sensitivity.
- the intermediate electrodes 41, 42, and 43 are built in and supported by the support portions 71, 72, and 73, respectively, as in the above-described embodiment.
- the intermediate electrodes 41, 42, and 43 are arranged in parallel with at least one of the first electrode 3A and the second electrode 3B, for example.
- the first electrode 3A, the second electrode 3B, and the intermediate electrodes 41, 42, and 43 are all electrically connected to the capacitance measuring machine 8, and the measured capacitance value is the capacitance measurement. It is displayed on the machine 8.
- the distance between the first electrode 3A and the intermediate electrode 41 closest to the first electrode 3A and the distance between the second electrode 3B and the intermediate electrode 43 closest to the second electrode 3B are electrically equal to each other. Is good.
- FIG. 3A and 3B are schematic views showing that "the distances between the two electrodes are electrically equal”.
- FIG. 3A shows a case where the insulating layer constituting the pipe 2 is thick, such as between the first electrode 3A and the intermediate electrode 41
- FIG. 3B shows a case where the insulating layer is formed between the intermediate electrode 41 and the intermediate electrode 42.
- the thin cases are schematically shown.
- the potential difference generated according to the total t 11 of the average thickness of the pipe 2 sandwiched between the first electrode 3A and the intermediate electrode 41 and the thickness of the support portion 71 is E 11 , the first electrode 3A and the intermediate electrode.
- E 22 be the potential difference generated according to the average thickness t 22 of the measured space A sandwiched by 41.
- the potential difference generated according to the total thickness t 1 of the support portions 71 and 72 sandwiched between the intermediate electrode 41 and the intermediate electrode 42 is sandwiched between the first electrode 3A and the intermediate electrode 41.
- the average thickness t 22 of the measured space A is the thickness of the measured space B. It is shorter than t 2 .
- the potential differences E 1 , E 22 , E 1 and E 2 may be measured by the capacitance measuring machine 8.
- the average thickness of the pipe 2 sandwiched between the first electrode 3A and the intermediate electrode 41 may be obtained by using the mean value theorem of integration.
- the average thickness t 22 of the measured space A sandwiched between the first electrode 3A and the intermediate electrode 41 is the pipe 2 sandwiched between the first electrode 3A and the intermediate electrode 41 from the distance between the first electrode 3A and the intermediate electrode 41. It is a value obtained by subtracting the total t 11 of the average thickness and the thickness of the support portion 71.
- a pair of electrodes for measuring capacitance are arranged on the outer periphery of the pipe 2 as the first electrode 3A or the second electrode 3B.
- the number of pairs of electrodes may be two or more.
- the first electrode 3A or the second electrode 3B arranged outside the flow path 5 is not used, but a pair of electrodes arranged inside the flow path 5 is configured.
- It may be a bubble ratio sensor. That is, among the intermediate electrodes 41, 42, and 43 shown in FIG. 2, for example, the bubble ratio sensor may be composed of the intermediate electrodes 41 and 43, the intermediate electrodes 41 and 42, or the intermediate electrodes 42 and 43. As shown in FIG. 2, each part of the intermediate electrodes 41, 42, and 43 may be located inside the inner peripheral surface surrounding the flow path 5.
- This flow meter measures the flow rate of liquid hydrogen flowing in the flow path 5, and measures the flow rates of the above-mentioned bubble ratio sensors 1 and 11 and the ultra-low temperature liquid (not shown) flowing in the flow path 5. And prepare.
- the bubble rate sensors 1 and 11 and the current meter are attached to a liquid hydrogen transfer pipe (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as a transfer pipe) (not shown).
- the electrostatic capacity of the liquid hydrogen is measured by the bubble ratio sensors 1 and 11, and then the density d (kg / m) of the liquid hydrogen is measured. 3 ) is sought.
- the flow meter further includes an arithmetic unit to which the bubble rate sensors 1 and 11 and a current meter are connected in order to perform the above calculation.
- the flow rate of liquid hydrogen can be easily measured, which facilitates management when a large amount of liquid hydrogen is industrially transferred.
- the bubble ratio sensors 1 and 11 of liquid hydrogen and the flow meter using the same have been described, but other ultra-low temperature liquids such as liquid nitrogen (-196 ° C), liquid helium (-269 ° C), and liquefaction.
- liquid nitrogen -196 ° C
- liquid helium -269 ° C
- liquefaction liquefaction temperature
- the cryogenic liquid in the present disclosure means a liquid that liquefies at a cryogenic temperature of -162 ° C or lower. It was
- the bubble rate sensor of the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiment, and various changes and improvements can be made within the scope of the present disclosure.
- Bubble rate sensor 2 Piping 3A 1st electrode 3B 2nd electrode 4, 41, 42, 43 Intermediate electrode 5 Flow path 6A, 6B Recessed portion 7, 71, 72, 73 Support part 8 Capacitance measuring machine
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Abstract
Description
図1は本開示の一実施形態に係る気泡率センサ1を示している。同図に示すように、本実施形態の気泡率センサ1は、液体水素を流すための流路5を有する配管2の流路5の外部に第1電極3Aおよび第2電極3Bを配置すると共に、配管2の流路5内に中間電極4を配置したものである。中間電極4は、第1電極3Aと第2電極3Bの間で、かつ配管2の流路5の軸方向(図1の紙面に垂直な方向)に沿って第1電極3Aおよび第2電極3Bと対向するように設けられている。軸方向に垂直な流路5の断面は、中間電極4を介した円状である。
また、第1電極3Aおよび第2電極3Bと対向させることにより、中間電極4の面積を大きく設定することが可能となるため、各電極間に蓄積される静電容量が大きくなり、液体水素の気泡率の測定精度を向上させることができる。
流路に対向するセラミックスの面を研削して研削面としてもよい。また、電極が設けられる凹部の面を研削して底面としてもよい。
流量計は、上記演算を行うために、気泡率センサ1、11および流速計が接続された演算装置をさらに備えている。これにより、液体水素の流量測定を簡単に行うことができるので、工業的に液体水素を大量移送する場合に管理が容易になる。
2 配管
3A 第1電極
3B 第2電極
4、41、42、43 中間電極
5 流路
6A、6B 凹部
7、71、72、73 支持部
8 静電容量測定機
Claims (15)
- 極低温液体の気泡率を測定する気泡率センサであって、
前記極低温液体が流れる流路を有する配管と、
前記流路の外部に配置される第1電極および第2電極と、
前記流路内で、かつ前記第1電極と第2電極の間に配置され、前記第1電極および/または第2電極との間で静電容量を測定するための少なくとも1つの中間電極を備えた気泡率センサ。 - 前記中間電極は、前記流路の軸方向に沿って前記第1電極と第2電極に対向して設けられている、請求項1に記載の気泡率センサ。
- 前記中間電極は、前記流路内の径方向に互いに対向する、内周面の2点を接続する、請求項1または2に記載の気泡率センサ。
- 前記第1電極と前記中間電極との距離は、前記第2電極と前記中間電極との距離と電気的に等しい、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の気泡率センサ。
- 前記中間電極は複数あり、各中間電極間の距離は電気的に等しい、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の気泡率センサ。
- 前記第1電極と最も前記第1電極に近い中間電極の距離と、前記第2電極と最も前記第2電極に近い中間電極の距離とが電気的に等しい、請求項5に記載の気泡率センサ。
- 各中間電極間の距離と、前記第1電極と最も前記第1電極に近い中間電極の距離および前記第2電極と最も前記第2電極に近い中間電極の距離の少なくともいずれかとが電気的に等しい、請求項5または6に記載の気泡率センサ。
- 前記配管は、前記流路内に前記中間電極を支持する支持部を備え、前記中間電極は、前記支持部に内蔵されている、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の気泡率センサ。
- 前記配管は、前記中間電極を支持する支持部を備え、前記中間電極は、前記第1電極および第2電極のいずれか、または両方に対向するように前記支持部の片面または両面に装着され、絶縁膜によって被覆されている、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の気泡率センサ。
- 前記支持部は前記配管と一体形成品である、請求項8または9に記載の気泡率センサ。
- 前記流路の内径が50mm以上である、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の気泡率センサ。
- 極低温液体の気泡率を測定する気泡率センサであって、
前記極低温液体が流れる流路を有する配管と、
静電容量を測定するための少なくとも一対の電極と、を備え、
前記少なくとも一対の電極が、前記流路の外部に配置される電極と、前記流路内に配置される電極とを備えた気泡率センサ。 - 極低温液体の気泡率を測定する気泡率センサであって、
前記極低温液体が流れる流路を有する配管と、
静電容量を測定するための少なくとも一対の電極と、を備え、
前記少なくとも一対の電極が、前記流路内に配置されている気泡率センサ。 - 配管の流路内を流れる極低温液体の流量を測定する流量計であって、請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の気泡率センサと、前記流路内を流れる前記極低温液体の流速を測定する流速計とを備えた流量計。
- 請求項14に記載の流量計を備えた極低温液体移送管。
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EP21903474.1A EP4261503A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Bubble fraction sensor, flowmeter using same, and cryogenic liquid transfer pipe |
KR1020237018718A KR20230098643A (ko) | 2020-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | 기포율 센서 및 이것을 사용한 유량계 및 극저온 액체 이송관 |
US18/265,856 US20240027386A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Void fraction sensor, flowmeter using the same, and cryogenic liquid transfer pipe |
CN202180081080.6A CN116529567A (zh) | 2020-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | 气泡率传感器及使用其的流量计和极低温液体移送管 |
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WO2024106473A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-16 | 2024-05-23 | 京セラ株式会社 | 気泡率センサ、これを用いた流量計および極低温液体移送管 |
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2021
- 2021-12-09 WO PCT/JP2021/045381 patent/WO2022124375A1/ja active Application Filing
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- 2021-12-09 EP EP21903474.1A patent/EP4261503A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-09 KR KR1020237018718A patent/KR20230098643A/ko unknown
- 2021-12-09 US US18/265,856 patent/US20240027386A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-09 CN CN202180081080.6A patent/CN116529567A/zh active Pending
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US20240027386A1 (en) | 2024-01-25 |
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