WO2022123141A1 - Procede de traitement de surface par retrait selectif d'un primaire de collage sur un substrat en titane ou en alliage de titane - Google Patents
Procede de traitement de surface par retrait selectif d'un primaire de collage sur un substrat en titane ou en alliage de titane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022123141A1 WO2022123141A1 PCT/FR2021/052114 FR2021052114W WO2022123141A1 WO 2022123141 A1 WO2022123141 A1 WO 2022123141A1 FR 2021052114 W FR2021052114 W FR 2021052114W WO 2022123141 A1 WO2022123141 A1 WO 2022123141A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- surface treatment
- titanium alloy
- blade
- alkaline
- Prior art date
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005007 epoxy-phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005531 etching kinetic Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001420 photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
- C23C8/16—Oxidising using oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. water, carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
- C23C8/12—Oxidising using elemental oxygen or ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
- C23G1/20—Other heavy metals
- C23G1/205—Other heavy metals refractory metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- TITLE SURFACE TREATMENT PROCESS BY SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF A BONDING PRIMER ON A TITANIUM OR TITANIUM ALLOY SUBSTRATE Technical field of the invention
- the present invention relates to the field of blades made of composite materials with an organic matrix or a ceramic matrix, for example so-called FAN blades or fan blades, comprising a metal reinforcement, in particular titanium or titanium alloy, intended for engines with turbine or turbojets, in particular of the aeronautical type.
- the present invention relates to a process for the surface treatment of a metal reinforcement in titanium or in titanium alloy of a blade made of composite material, which process allows the selective removal of a bonding primer with respect to the reinforcement in titanium or titanium alloy.
- the fan blades of turbine engines undergo significant mechanical stresses, in particular in view of their speed of rotation, while having to satisfy strict conditions of weight and size.
- One of the options considered for lightening the blades is the use of composite material with an organic matrix, for example made of polymer reinforced with fibers, in particular with carbon fibers, for their manufacture.
- fan blades must also meet strict usage criteria, in particular they must resist impacts from foreign bodies: ingestion of birds, hail, ice, gravel, etc.
- the composite material, in particular on the edge of the blade can prove to be brittle and not sufficiently resistant to shocks and to ingestion in operation.
- leading edge also called BA
- a metal reinforcement in particular titanium. or titanium alloy
- Such a reinforcing metal part which protects the composite from shocks and ingestion, is then assembled by bonding to the leading edge of the composite blade.
- the surface preparation of the leading edge reinforcement may use a surface treatment process by chemical pickling followed by the application of a bonding primer in order to improve the properties of adhesion with the adhesive. Poorly controlled removal of the primer (poor thicknesses, polluted surfaces, etc.), its expiry after removal (> 6 months) or pollution and scratch-type defects generated during transport and/or storage of the BAs, lead to scrapping the parts for gluing.
- the resins that make up the primer are very chemically and mechanically stable.
- the technical difficulty to overcome consists in
- a range of alkaline chemical stripping to remove the primer followed by the range of preparation before conventional bonding (stripping + primer) is validated to retouch the impacted BAs.
- the object of the present invention is precisely to meet this need by proposing an effective method for removing the primer while minimizing the attack on the titanium or titanium alloy substrate and consequently the thickness of material removed. The mechanical characteristics of the substrate are thus preserved by this process.
- the subject of the invention is a process for the surface treatment of a metal reinforcement made of titanium or titanium alloy of a blade, in particular of a blade made of composite material, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- step B) submit the metal reinforcement after the heat treatment of step A), to chemical pickling in an alkaline bath comprising the following steps:
- the composite material can be organic matrix or ceramic matrix.
- the organic matrix can be, for example, made of polymer reinforced with fibers, in particular with carbon fibers.
- the dawn can be a blower dawn.
- the process of the invention allows the selective removal of the primer with respect to the titanium or titanium alloy substrate very little attacked (thickness of material removed ⁇ 1 ⁇ m), in the same chemical pickling bath, thanks to the prior growth of a thin protective layer of titanium oxide (thickness of the order of 100 to 130 nm), generated by the heat treatment of step A).
- the heat treatment of step A) induces also degradation of the bonding primer, in particular by its oxidation, which facilitates its removal.
- the chemical attack of the titanium or titanium alloy reinforcement having been substantially reduced by the method of the invention thus becomes applicable to any type of titanium alloy, with geometric tolerance restrictions when they are lower. at 2pm, for example, from 1pm.
- step B) can also play the role of developer to control the residues of primer in the final inspection. Indeed, chemical stripping by oxidizing the primer gives it a yellowish appearance which visually allows the presence of residues to be checked if the primer is not completely removed.
- the method of the invention applies to the surface treatment of a leading edge provided with a metal reinforcement made of titanium or titanium alloy of a blade made of composite material, intended for turbine engines or turbojets, in particular aeronautical type.
- Said turbine engines or turbojets can be LEAP-GEN 1, LEAP-GEN2 engines, for example.
- FIG. 1A the sample was subjected to chemical pickling only according to the state of the art described above, and [FIG. 1B]
- FIG. 1B the sample was subjected to chemical pickling according to the invention after carrying out a heat treatment (step A)) at 300 ⁇ 50° C. for 4 hours in air.
- the XPS analyzes were carried out with the THERMO Scientific K-alpha+ device.
- FIG.2 shows the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the primary carried out in air and carried out with a SETARAM TGA.
- TGA thermogravimetric analysis
- the subject of the invention is a process for the surface treatment of a metal reinforcement in titanium or in titanium alloy of a blade, in particular of a blade made of composite material, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- step B) submit the metal reinforcement after the heat treatment of step A), to chemical pickling in an alkaline bath comprising the following steps:
- the composite material can be organic matrix or ceramic matrix.
- the organic matrix can be, for example, made of polymer reinforced with fibers, in particular with carbon fibers.
- the dawn can be a blower dawn.
- titanium alloy alloys in which the mass content of titanium is predominant. It is understood that titanium is therefore the element whose mass content in the alloy is the highest.
- the titanium-based alloy has, for example, a mass content of at least 50% titanium, preferably at least 70% titanium, even more preferably at least 80% titanium.
- the titanium alloy can be chosen, for example, from the range of alloys of the Ti 40 type, TA6V (also called Ti-6A1-4V), which is very widespread in aeronautics, Ti 10-2-3 (called also Ti 10V 2Fe 3A1), Ti 5553 (also called Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr), Ti 17 (also called Ti- 5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr), TiAl (titanium-aluminum alloy), and Ti6242 (also called Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo).
- Ti 40 type also called Ti-6A1-4V
- Ti 10-2-3 called also Ti 10V 2Fe 3A1
- Ti 5553 also called Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr
- Ti 17 also called Ti- 5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr
- TiAl titanium-aluminum alloy
- Ti6242 also called Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo
- blade in the context of the invention, means both fan blades and aerial propeller blades. Fan blades constitute one embodiment of the invention.
- the bonding primer which increases the adhesion of the adhesives for the assembly of the metal reinforcement with the BA of the composite blade can be in epoxy resin, in phenolic resin or in epoxy-phenolic resin, pre-dried after application on titanium alloy.
- Such primers are well known to those skilled in the art, in particular in the field of aeronautics.
- the bonding primer is advantageously made of epoxy resin, phenolic resin or epoxy-phenolic resin. These resins are very chemically and mechanically stable. Removing the primer without altering the titanium or titanium alloy reinforcement with tight geometric dimensions and being able to control the presence of primer residues is a real technical challenge that the inventors were able to overcome by perfecting the process of the invention.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to strip almost selectively the primer with respect to the titanium or titanium alloy substrate. titanium.
- the thermal oxidation of the metal reinforcement in step A) degrades the primer on one side and oxidizes the titanium on the other side to give it temporary protection during the chemical pickling in step B).
- this process makes it possible to greatly limit the loss of thickness of the fine fins on the leading edge, contrary to the current chemical treatment, and thus to preserve the geometric conformity of the part.
- the heat treatment temperature must therefore be selected to avoid any geometric deformation of the part or metallurgical modification of the metal or metal alloy. It must also be large enough to guarantee the degradation of the primer (very stable deposit at high temperature because it consists of an epoxy and/or phenolic resin).
- the heat treatment in step A) takes place at a temperature between 250 and 350°C.
- step A) is advantageously carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere leading to the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the titanium or titanium alloy substrate.
- the heat treatment is carried out in air.
- the duration of the heat treatment of step A) leads to the formation of an oxide layer whose thickness is greater than 80 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 100 nm, for example, greater than or equal to 125 nm , on the surface of the titanium or titanium alloy substrate.
- the duration of the heat treatment can be between 1 hour and 10 hours, between 1 hour and 8 hours, between 2 and 6 hours, for example, between 2 and 4 hours.
- the heat treatment can be carried out in any type of device allowing the heat treatment of a metal reinforcement made of titanium or titanium alloy of a blade, and known to those skilled in the art.
- the device can be an oven or a convection oven with a circulation of filtered air to avoid pollution.
- the device will of course be calibrated in temperature to respect the instructions.
- the surface treatment method according to the invention comprises a step of heat treatment carried out
- an oxide layer of the titanium or titanium alloy substrate greater than or equal to 100 nm. It can be, for example, equal to 125 nm.
- the metal reinforcement is subjected to chemical pickling to remove the surface layer of oxide from the titanium or titanium alloy substrate previously thermally formed, and to remove the oxidized bonding primer during heat treatment A).
- the pickling step makes it possible to obtain a satisfactory surface condition for subsequent treatments.
- the chemical pickling step B) is advantageously a chemical pickling in an alkaline bath comprising the following steps: B-l) cleaning/degreasing;
- step B-l) is optional.
- the cleaning/degreasing operations (B1)) can begin with a “pre-degreasing”, consisting of using organic solvents in order to dissolve the majority of the greases and oils present on the surface of the parts.
- a “pre-degreasing” consisting of using organic solvents in order to dissolve the majority of the greases and oils present on the surface of the parts.
- This operation can be carried out by soaking or immersion, sprinkling, or any other method known to those skilled in the art.
- the solvents which can be used are chosen from among acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, white spirit, etc. A mixture of solvents chosen from those mentioned can also be used.
- alkaline degreasing For effective removal of mineral oils, synthetic lubricating oils, residues of combustion, atmospheric and landing strip deposits, generally, solvent pre-degreasing is followed by an "alkaline degreasing" operation by dipping, involving complex physico-chemical processes between the polluting particles and the constituents of the bath.
- degreasing baths which are generally commercial formulations, ensure the complete elimination of fatty films.
- alkaline degreasing baths mention may be made, for example, of Turco® 5948 DPM from the company Henkel.
- the temperatures and durations of this step depend on the products. The temperature can be between 40°C and 70°C and the duration between approximately 5 and 10 minutes. It should be noted that “alkaline degreasing” can take place without prior “pre-greasing”.
- Alkaline degreasing can optionally be followed by rinsing with water. After alkaline degreasing and rinsing with water, the surface is clean and ready for the next step.
- the pickling operation B-22) is intended to eliminate all traces of oxides formed in particular following the heat treatment of step A).
- the pickling operation makes it possible to obtain freshly active surfaces before application of a bonding primer.
- Alkaline pickling baths are generally commercial formulations. Among the commercial alkaline pickling baths, mention may be made, for example, of Turco® 5578 GL from the company Henkel. This operation can be carried out by soaking or immersion, sprinkling, or any other technique known to those skilled in the art.
- the etch rate of the titanium or titanium alloy substrate in the alkaline pickling bath which is measured by the mass loss before and after etching, must remain low , that is to say less than 0.5 ⁇ m/min/side, preferably less than or equal to 0.3 ⁇ m/min/side, more preferably less than or equal to 0.2 ⁇ m/min/side, by example less than or equal to 0.10 ⁇ m/min/side (against 0.5 ⁇ m/min/side usually on titanium or titanium alloy not thermally oxidized).
- the presence of titanium oxide has completely modified etching of the titanium or titanium alloy substrate and slows down the etching kinetics.
- the thickness removed must remain low.
- the shrinkage in titanium thickness must therefore preferably remain less than 1 ⁇ m/face for the treatment time applied, which makes it possible to preserve almost the geometric dimensions of the original part.
- the parts to be treated in the alkaline pickling bath can be treated for a period of less than or equal to 30 minutes, preferably less than or equal to 20 minutes, more preferably less than or equal to 10 minutes.
- the treatment time in the alkaline pickling bath can be, for example, less than or equal to 5 minutes.
- Titanium oxide once removed for a stripping time greater than or equal to 5 minutes, for example, makes the part suitable for preparation according to the range of surface preparation before conventional bonding (stripping + primer) thereafter.
- temperature regulation is necessary because the attack speed can be multiplied by 1.5 or 2 for a 10° C. rise in the temperature of the bath.
- the temperature of the alkaline pickling bath is therefore maintained at a temperature of between 80 and 95°C.
- the bath may be subjected to pumping/circulating agitation.
- step B-3 After the alkaline pickling of step B-2), an acid neutralization step B-3 is necessary. This operation can be carried out by soaking or immersion, sprinkling, or any other technique known to those skilled in the art. This neutralization can be done with a bath containing nitric acid. Nitric acid can be diluted ⁇ 50%. Intermediate rinses, in particular with demineralized water, can be carried out between the successive steps above, and after the heat treatment of step A).
- the neutralization step is followed by a final rinsing step B-4).
- the purpose of this step is to eliminate the residues of chemical products, and to provide a clean surface for the following operations, for example assembly by gluing the metal reinforcement on the leading edge of the composite blade.
- the final rinse can preferably be done with deionized or demineralized water. It can be done by immersion or by sprinkling or spraying. Rinsing by sprinkling or spraying makes it possible in many cases to optimize rinsing by limiting the quantity of water used. The quality of rinsing can be improved by simultaneously using compressed air to spray the water (hydromechanical effect). This type of rinsing is well known to those skilled in the art.
- the method of the invention can be of great interest in any type of industry where a surface treatment involving a selective pickling step is desired, such as in the automobile industry.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method for repairing a leading edge of a blade, in particular a blade made of composite material, provided with a metal reinforcement made of titanium or titanium alloy, using implements a surface treatment method according to the invention.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method for assembling by bonding a metal reinforcement made of titanium or titanium alloy, on a leading edge of a blade, in particular a blade made of composite material, putting implement a surface treatment method according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the use of a surface treatment method according to the invention, for checking the presence of primer residues during final inspection of a metal reinforcement made of titanium or titanium alloy, of a leading edge of a blade, in particular of a blade made of composite material, for example before the assembly operation.
- Method for surface treatment of an RC provided with a titanium alloy metal reinforcement A BA of a blade made of a composite material with an organic matrix reinforced by 3D woven carbon fibers, provided with a reinforcement made of Ti-6A1-4V titanium alloy, is treated by the method of the invention as described below. after.
- This treatment induces an increase in the oxide layer on the surface of the titanium alloy.
- the thickness of the oxide layer formed is about 125 nm.
- the formation of this layer of oxides on the surface of the titanium alloy was confirmed by X-ray induced photoelectron spectrometry as shown in [Fig.].
- This treatment also induces a degradation of the primer confirmed by a thermogravimetric analysis in air as shown in [Fig. 2] .
- the etching rate of the titanium alloy in the bath of Turco5578GL (measured by the loss of mass before and after etching) is low (0.10 ⁇ m/min/side against 0.5 ⁇ m/min/side usually on non-thermally oxidized titanium).
- the presence of titanium oxide completely modified the etching of the titanium substrate and slowed down the etching kinetics.
- the shrinkage in titanium thickness is less than 1 ⁇ m/side for the treatment time applied, which makes it possible to preserve almost the geometric dimensions of the original part.
- the titanium oxide removed for a stripping greater than or equal to 5 minutes predisposes the parts for an application of the range of surface preparation before conventional bonding (stripping + primer) afterwards.
- BAs are systematically primer-free at the end of the chemical stripping range of 5 minutes maximum after heat treatment, compared to 15 minutes of stripping for the current range (without heat treatment).
- Alkaline chemical stripping can reveal the presence or absence of primer by a yellowing of the latter. It is therefore essential in the range because no other method makes it possible to check the residual presence of primer without a detailed analysis on a laboratory scale.
- step A The same part subjected to a heat treatment at 300°C (step A)) followed by 5 minutes of chemical pickling according to step B) shows no trace of primer and reduced attack of the titanium alloy fins thanks to the titanium oxides .
- the surface treatment method of the invention is therefore effective in removing the bonding primer while minimizing the attack on the titanium or titanium alloy substrate.
- the chemical stripping step B) associated with the heat treatment step A) also plays the role of developer to control the residues of primer in final inspection.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18/256,184 US20240018640A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2021-11-29 | Method for surface treatment by selective removal of a bonding primer on a titanium or titanium alloy substrate |
CN202180082427.9A CN116670318A (zh) | 2020-12-09 | 2021-11-29 | 经选择性去除钛或钛合金基材上的粘结底漆的表面处理方法 |
EP21835804.2A EP4259840A1 (fr) | 2020-12-09 | 2021-11-29 | Procede de traitement de surface par retrait selectif d'un primaire de collage sur un substrat en titane ou en alliage de titane |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR2012880A FR3117132B1 (fr) | 2020-12-09 | 2020-12-09 | Procede de traitement de surface par retrait selectif d’un primaire de collage sur un substrat en titane ou en alliage de titane |
FRFR2012880 | 2020-12-09 |
Publications (1)
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WO2022123141A1 true WO2022123141A1 (fr) | 2022-06-16 |
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PCT/FR2021/052114 WO2022123141A1 (fr) | 2020-12-09 | 2021-11-29 | Procede de traitement de surface par retrait selectif d'un primaire de collage sur un substrat en titane ou en alliage de titane |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20240018640A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4259840A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN116670318A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3117132B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022123141A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08246192A (ja) * | 1995-03-03 | 1996-09-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 光触媒活性を有する酸化処理チタン又はチタン基合金材及びその製法 |
JP2002120495A (ja) * | 1997-01-14 | 2002-04-23 | Seiko Epson Corp | 表面処理方法、装飾品および電子機器 |
CA2870523A1 (fr) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-05-03 | Xiaojiang Zhang | Travail d'artiste graphique colore sur des surfaces en titane |
FR3056605A1 (fr) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-03-30 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Dispositif de traitement chimique d'une piece de turbomachine munie d'un element de surface metallique |
-
2020
- 2020-12-09 FR FR2012880A patent/FR3117132B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-11-29 WO PCT/FR2021/052114 patent/WO2022123141A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-11-29 US US18/256,184 patent/US20240018640A1/en active Pending
- 2021-11-29 EP EP21835804.2A patent/EP4259840A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-11-29 CN CN202180082427.9A patent/CN116670318A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08246192A (ja) * | 1995-03-03 | 1996-09-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 光触媒活性を有する酸化処理チタン又はチタン基合金材及びその製法 |
JP2002120495A (ja) * | 1997-01-14 | 2002-04-23 | Seiko Epson Corp | 表面処理方法、装飾品および電子機器 |
CA2870523A1 (fr) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-05-03 | Xiaojiang Zhang | Travail d'artiste graphique colore sur des surfaces en titane |
FR3056605A1 (fr) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-03-30 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Dispositif de traitement chimique d'une piece de turbomachine munie d'un element de surface metallique |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3117132A1 (fr) | 2022-06-10 |
US20240018640A1 (en) | 2024-01-18 |
EP4259840A1 (fr) | 2023-10-18 |
FR3117132B1 (fr) | 2023-03-31 |
CN116670318A (zh) | 2023-08-29 |
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