WO2022121316A1 - 一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法 - Google Patents

一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法 Download PDF

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WO2022121316A1
WO2022121316A1 PCT/CN2021/107140 CN2021107140W WO2022121316A1 WO 2022121316 A1 WO2022121316 A1 WO 2022121316A1 CN 2021107140 W CN2021107140 W CN 2021107140W WO 2022121316 A1 WO2022121316 A1 WO 2022121316A1
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light
red
during
period
plant factory
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PCT/CN2021/107140
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李阳
王婷婷
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福建省中科生物股份有限公司
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Priority to US18/266,276 priority Critical patent/US20240188505A1/en
Publication of WO2022121316A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022121316A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a plant factory planting method for promoting 4-5 ripening of cereal crops a year.
  • the agricultural industry consists of four major industries: agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishing. As far as the agricultural industry is concerned, it consists of field crops and horticultural crops, and field crops can be divided into three major categories: food crops, cash crops, and fodder green manure crops. category, of which food crops are one of the most important industries. Because the survival and development of human beings must first be based on food. Cereal crops refer to gramineous crops whose grains are harvested for cultivation purposes, and are the main components of food crops in my country. They can be divided into two groups according to their morphological characteristics.
  • One group is wheat, barley, oats and other wheat crops; the other group is rice, corn, sorghum, millet and other millet and millet crops.
  • Cereals are the main source of heat energy for the human body. About 80% of the heat energy required by the human body and about 50% of protein are provided by cereals. In 2019, the national grain sown area was 1.468 billion mu, a decrease of 27.36 million mu compared to 2018, of which 445 million mu of paddy, 356 million mu of wheat and 619 million mu of corn.
  • the quality of arable land is degraded. my country has a large area of soil erosion, the country has gradually increased desertified land, and the country has a wide area of saline-alkali land; (3) the production cost of agricultural products continues to rise, and the income continues to decline; (4) due to the constraints of resources and production technology, my country's agricultural technology as a whole is still quite backward. , most areas have low level of mechanization and low labor productivity; (5) lack of water resources and serious pollution have become the main factors restricting agricultural development.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of plant factory planting method that promotes cereal crops to ripen 4-5 a year, the present invention realizes rice, corn and rice crops under the control of artificial light planting environment by indoor cultivation of cereal crops. Wheat ripens 4-5 times a year, which greatly shortens the crop planting cycle and improves the utilization rate of land and water resources.
  • a plant factory planting method for promoting 4-5 ripening of cereal crops a year During the whole planting period, the cereal crops are cultivated under the irradiation of blue-yellow-red-far-red mixed light;
  • the photon ratio of red light (600-699nm) and blue light (400-499nm) is 3-4, red light (600-699nm) and yellow light (500-599nm)
  • the ratio of photons is 3-7
  • the ratio of photons of red (600-699nm) and far-red FR (700-780nm) is 3-4.
  • the light period is 12h/d, and the light intensity is 200-300 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s; during the cultivation period after colonization, the light period is 12-18h/d, and the light intensity is 400-600 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s .
  • the planting method comprises the following steps:
  • Sowing put the composite cultivation substrate in the seedling tray, put 1-2 grain seeds per hole after vernalization or germination, the sowing depth is 1cm, cover with soil, soak the substrate with clear water, cover with plastic wrap, remove the fresh-keeping after germination membrane;
  • Seedling raising place the removed seedling tray under the mixed light of blue-yellow-red-far-red.
  • the light environment conditions during the seedling raising period are: the light period is 12h/d, and the light intensity is 200-300 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, keep the substrate moist during the seedling raising process;
  • the light environment can be changed correspondingly according to different growth and development stages of different crops, the light period is controlled within the range of 12-18h/d, and the light intensity is controlled within the range of 400-600 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s.
  • the ambient temperature is 23-28°C during the day and 18-20°C at night.
  • the ambient temperature is 23-28°C during the day and 19-21°C at night.
  • the water and fertilizer management method during the cultivation period is as follows: regularly watering compound fertilizer, and the water control standard of the substrate is: see dry watering, and do not water when it is not dry.
  • the present invention ensures the normal growth of cereal crops under the control of artificial light planting environment, and realizes that the cereal crops ripen 4-5 a year, greatly shortens the crop planting cycle, and improves the land and water consumption. resource utilization.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a plant factory planting method for promoting the 4-5 maturity of cereal crops.
  • the main technical conditions include light environment regulation technology and indoor water and fertilizer management technology.
  • Vernalization Soak the wheat seeds in water for 3-5 hours, then take them out and wrap them in gauze and place them in a 4°C refrigerator for low-temperature treatment for 13-16 days.
  • Germination rice and corn are wrapped with gauze, soaked in clean water, the temperature of germination is 30°C ⁇ 35°C, and the water is replaced once a day during the period.
  • Sowing put the composite matrix in a 32-hole seedling tray, put 1-2 seeds per hole after vernalization or germination and whitening, the sowing depth is about 1cm, cover with soil, soak the matrix with water, cover with plastic wrap, and remove after germination plastic wrap.
  • Seedling raising place the removed seedling tray in a specific light environment, the ambient temperature is 23-28°C during the day, 18-20°C at night, 12h/d in the early stage of the photoperiod, and the light intensity is 200-300 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, Keep the substrate moist during the seedling raising process.
  • Cultivation When the seedling height grows to 13-18cm, transplant it to a specific planting module.
  • the planting environment temperature is 23-28°C during the day, 19-21°C at night, the photoperiod is 12-18h/d, the light intensity is 400-600 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, and the light environment is changed accordingly according to the different growth and development stages of different crops.
  • Regularly watering compound fertilizer, the substrate moisture control standard during the planting process is: see dry watering, do not water when dry.
  • Light quality formula during planting control the ratio of photons of red light (600-699nm) to blue light (400-499nm) at 3-4, and the ratio of photons of red light (600-699nm) to yellow light (500-599nm) at 3-7, the ratio of photons of red light (600-699nm) and far-red light FR (700-780nm) 3-4.
  • Two vernalized wheat seeds per hole were sown into a 32-hole seedling tray filled with sterilized substrate, in which the substrate was mixed with 30% vermiculite + 70% peat soil.
  • the sowing depth is about 1cm, covered with soil, and the seedling substrate is soaked with water.
  • After the seeds germinate place the seedling tray in a specific seedling-raising environment.
  • the ambient temperature is 23-25 °C during the day and 19 °C at night.
  • the photoperiod is 12h/d in the early stage, and the light intensity is 200-300 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s.
  • the seedling growth process maintains the seedling matrix. Moist, apply compound fertilizer every 7d.
  • the seedlings When the seedlings grow to 13-15cm in height, they are transplanted to a specific planting module, and the volume ratio of the cultivation substrate is 30% vermiculite + 60% peat soil + 10% humus soil.
  • the planting environment temperature is 25-28°C during the day and 19-21°C at night, the photoperiod in the early stage of cultivation is 12h/d, the photoperiod in the filling stage and the early stage of milk maturity is 18h/d, the light intensity is 400-600 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, and the light in the late stage of milk maturity is 400-600 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s.
  • the period was 11h/d, the light intensity was 300-400 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, and compound fertilizer was regularly irrigated throughout the cultivation period.
  • the cultivation substrate sees dry watering, not dry without watering, harvesting after the wheat matures, calculating the planting period, and weighing the 100-grain weight. The results are shown in Table 1 below:
  • the germinated rice seeds were sown in 32-hole seedling trays filled with sterilized substrates, 2 per hole, in which the volume ratio of the seedling substrates was 30% vermiculite + 70% peat soil.
  • the sowing depth is about 1cm, covered with soil, and the seedling substrate is soaked with water.
  • After the seeds germinate place the nursery tray in a specific nursery environment.
  • the ambient temperature is 25-27°C during the day and 20°C at night.
  • the photoperiod is 12h/d in the early stage, and the light intensity is 200-250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s.
  • the nursery substrate is maintained during the nursery process. Moist, apply compound fertilizer every 7d.
  • the seedlings When the seedlings grow to 13-15cm in height, they are transplanted to a specific planting module, and the volume ratio of the cultivation substrate is 30% vermiculite + 50% peat soil + 20% paddy soil.
  • the cultivation substrate should be kept moist and not dry. After the rice is mature, harvest it, calculate the planting period, and weigh the 100-grain weight.
  • One seed per hole after germination was sown into a 32-hole seedling tray filled with sterilized substrate, wherein the volume ratio of the seedling substrate was 30% vermiculite + 70% peat soil.
  • the sowing depth is about 1cm, covered with soil, and the seedling substrate is soaked with water.
  • After the seeds germinate place the nursery tray in a specific nursery environment.
  • the ambient temperature is 23-25°C during the day and 20°C at night.
  • the photoperiod is 12h/d in the early stage, and the light intensity is 200-250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s.
  • the nursery substrate is maintained during the nursery process. Moist, apply compound fertilizer every 7d.
  • the seedlings grow to 10-10cm high, they are transplanted to a specific planting module, and the volume ratio of the cultivation substrate is 20% vermiculite + 50% peat soil + 20% yellow soil.
  • the temperature of the planting environment is 25-28°C during the day and 20°C at night, the photoperiod in the early stage of planting is 12-16h/d, the light intensity at the top of the plant is 350-500 ⁇ mol/m 2 s, and the side fill light on the plant is 6-8h/d, and the light intensity is 80 ⁇ mol/ m 2 ⁇ s.
  • the photoperiod is 10-12h/d
  • the light intensity at the top of the plant is 350 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s
  • the side of the plant is not supplemented with light.
  • Compound fertilizers were applied regularly throughout the cultivation period.
  • the cultivating substrate sees dry watering, and no watering is required when it is not dry.
  • the planting period is 80-90 days, so the cereal crops can achieve 4-5 crops per year by adopting the planting method of the present invention, which is extremely high. Shorten the crop planting cycle and improve the utilization rate of land and water resources.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法，种植期间，谷类作物在蓝-黄-红-远红混合光照射下进行培养；蓝-黄-红-远红混合光中，红光(600-699nm)和蓝光(400-499nm)的光量子之比在3-4，红光(600-699nm)和黄光(500-599nm)的光量子之比在3-7，红光(600-699nm)和远红光FR(700-780nm)的光量子之比3-4。本发明在人工光种植环境的调控下保证了谷类作物的正常生长，而且实现了谷类作物一年4-5熟，极大缩短了作物种植周期、提高了土地和水资源的利用率。

Description

一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法 技术领域
本发明属于农业种植技术领域，具体涉及一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法。
背景技术
我国是世界上最大的发展中国家之一，其特殊的国情决定了农业在中国具有远比世界上其他国家更为重要的地位。农业行业由农、林、牧、渔四个大产业组成，仅就农业产业而言，它由大田作物和园艺作物构成，而大田作物又可分为粮食作物、经济作物、饲料绿肥作物三大类，其中粮食作物是其中最重要的一个产业。因为人类的生存与发展，首先要以粮食为基础。禾谷类作物是指收获谷粒为栽培目的的禾本科作物，是我国粮食作物的主要构成。按其形态特征可以分为俩大组。一组是小麦、大麦、燕麦等麦类作物；另一组是水稻、玉米、高粱、谷子等粟类和黍类作物。谷类是人体最主要的热能来源，人体所需热能约有80％，蛋白质约有50％都是由谷类提供的。2019年，全国谷物播种面积14.68亿亩，对比2018年减少了2736万亩，其中，稻谷4.45亿亩，小麦3.56亿亩，玉米6.19亿亩。
我国目前粮食作物发展仍存在很多问题，主要表现在以下方面：
(1)土地特别是耕地资源不断减少。目前我国人均耕地面积仅有1.2亩，同世界各国相比，我国人均耕地面积只及世界人均耕地的32％；(2)耕地质量退化。我国水土流失面积大，全国沙化土地逐渐增多，全国盐碱地面积广；(3)农产品生产成本不断上升，收益持续下降；(4)资源及生产技术的制约，目前我国农业技术在整体上仍相当落后，大多数地区机械化水平低，劳动生产率不高；(5)水资源缺乏及污染严重问题，成为制约农业发展的主要因素。
因此，现在急需一种能够解决耕地资源减少、耕地质量下降、节约水资源和提高粮食产量的种植方法。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法，本发明通过室内种植谷类粮食作物，在人工光种植环境的调控下实现了水稻、玉米和小麦一年4-5熟，极大缩短了作物种植周期、提高了土地和水资源的利用率。
本发明采取的具体技术方案是：
一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法，整个种植期间，谷类作物在蓝-黄-红-远红混合光照射下进行培养；
蓝-黄-红-远红混合光中，红光(600-699nm)和蓝光(400-499nm)的光量子之比在3-4，红光(600-699nm)和黄光(500-599nm)的光量子之比在3-7，红光(600-699nm)和远红光FR(700-780nm)的光量子之比3-4。
优选地，育苗期间，光照周期为12h/d，光照强度为200-300μmol/m 2·s；定植后栽培期间，光照周期为12-18h/d，光照强度为400-600μmol/m 2·s。
更优选地，所述种植方法包括以下步骤：
(1)播种：将复合栽培基质装于育苗盘中，将春化或催芽露白后的谷类种子每穴1-2粒，播种深度1cm，覆土，清水浸透基质，覆盖保鲜膜，出芽后去掉保鲜膜；
(2)育苗：将去膜后的育苗盘放置在蓝-黄-红-远红混合光下，育苗期光环境条件为：光照周期为12h/d，光照强度为200-300μmol/m 2·s，育苗过程保持基质湿润；
(3)栽培：当苗高长到13-18cm时移栽到特定的种植模组上，在蓝-黄-红-远红混合光下进行培养，直至采收，光环境条件为：光照周期为12-18h/d，光照强度为400-600μmol/m 2·s。
优选地，栽培期，可根据不同作物的不同生长发育期相应改变光环境，光照周期控制在12-18h/d范围内，光照强度控制在400-600μmol/m 2·s范围内。
优选地，育苗期，环境温度白天23-28℃，晚上18-20℃。
优选地，栽培期，环境温度白天23-28℃，晚上19-21℃。
优选地，栽培期水肥管理方法为：定期浇施复合肥，基质的水分控制标准为：见干浇水，不干不浇水。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明在人工光种植环境的调控下保证了谷类作物的正常生长，而且实现了谷类作物一年4-5熟，极大缩短了作物种植周期、提高了土地和水资源的利用率。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步地详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此，在不脱离本发明上述技术思想情况下，根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段，做出各种替换和变更，均应包括在本发明的范围内。
本发明实施例提供了一种促进谷类作物年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法。主要技术条件包括光环境调控技术和室内水肥管理技术。
种植过程：
(1)春化：将小麦种子用清水浸泡3-5小时，后捞出用纱布包好放入4℃的冰箱低温处理13-16d。
(2)催芽：水稻和玉米用纱布包好，浸泡在清水中，催芽温度30℃～35℃，期间每天更换一次清水。
(3)播种：将复合基质装于32孔育苗盘中，将春化或催芽露白后的种子每穴1-2粒，播种深度1cm左右，覆土，清水浸透基质，覆盖保鲜膜，出芽后去掉保鲜膜。
(4)育苗：将去膜后的育苗盘放置在特定的光环境下，环境温度白天23-28℃，晚上18-20℃，光周期前期12h/d，光强200-300μmol/m 2·s，育苗过程保持基质湿润。
(5)栽培：当苗高长到13-18cm时移栽到特定的种植模组上。种植环境温度白天23-28℃，晚上19-21℃，光周期12-18h/d，光强400-600μmol/m 2·s， 根据不同作物的不同生长发育期相应改变光环境。定期浇施复合肥，种植过程中基质水分控制标准为：见干浇水，不干不浇水。种植期间光质配方：控制红光(600-699nm)和蓝光(400-499nm)的光量子之比在3-4，红光(600-699nm)和黄光(500-599nm)的光量子之比在3-7，红光(600-699nm)和远红光FR(700-780nm)的光量子之比3-4。
(6)采收：作物成熟后进行采收，计算种植周期，称取百粒重。
实施案例1
将春化后的小麦种子每穴2粒播入装满灭菌基质的32孔育苗盘中，其中基质配比30％蛭石+70％泥炭土。播种深度1cm左右，覆土，清水浸透育苗基质。种子出芽后，将育苗盘放置在特定的育苗环境下，环境温度白天23-25℃，晚上19℃，光周期前期12h/d，光强200-300μmol/m 2·s，育苗过程保持育苗基质湿润，每7d浇施一次复合肥。当苗高长到13-15cm时移栽到特定的种植模组上，其中栽培基质体积配比为30％蛭石+60％泥炭土+10％腐殖土。种植环境温度白天25-28℃，晚上19-21℃，栽培前期光周期12h/d，灌浆期和乳熟前期光周期18h/d，光强400-600μmol/m 2·s，乳熟后期光周期11h/d，光强300-400μmol/m 2·s，整个栽培期定期浇施复合肥。种植过程中栽培基质见干浇水，不干不浇水，小麦成熟后进行采收，计算种植周期，称取百粒重。结果如下表1所示：
表1
Figure PCTCN2021107140-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021107140-appb-000002
从实施案例1的结果可以得出，LED2和LED3处理的小麦百粒重较大。
实施案例2
将催芽后的水稻种子每穴2粒播入装满灭菌基质的32孔育苗盘中，其中育苗基质体积配比为30％蛭石+70％泥炭土。播种深度1cm左右，覆土，清水浸透育苗基质。种子出芽后，将育苗盘放置在特定的育苗环境下，环境温度白天25-27℃，晚上20℃，光周期前期12h/d，光强200-250μmol/m 2·s，育苗过程保持育苗基质湿润，每7d浇施一次复合肥。当苗高长到13-15cm时移栽到特定的种植模组上，其中栽培基质体积配比为30％蛭石+50％泥炭土+20％水稻土。种植环境温度，白天23-28℃，其中开花灌浆期白天温度25-28℃，晚上21℃，光周期12-14h/d，光强350-500μmol/m 2·s，乳熟后期光强300-400μmol/m 2·s，整个栽培期定期浇施复合肥。种植过程中栽培基质保持湿润，不能见干，水稻成熟后进行采收，计算种植周期，称取百粒重。
表2
Figure PCTCN2021107140-appb-000003
从实施案例2的结果可以得出，LED2和LED3处理的水稻百粒重较大。
实施案例3
将催芽后的玉米种子每穴1粒播入装满灭菌基质的32孔育苗盘中，其中育苗基质体积配比为30％蛭石+70％泥炭土。播种深度1cm左右，覆土，清水浸透育苗基质。种子出芽后，将育苗盘放置在特定的育苗环境下，环境温度白天23-25℃，晚上20℃，光周期前期12h/d，光强200-250μmol/m 2·s，育苗过程保持育苗基质湿润，每7d浇施一次复合肥。当苗高长到10-10cm时移栽到特定的种植模组上，其中栽培基质体积配比为20％蛭石+50％泥炭土+20％黄泥土。种植环境温度白天25-28℃，晚上20℃，种植前期光周期12-16h/d，植株顶部光强350-500μmol/m 2·s，植株侧面补光6-8h/d，光强80μmol/m 2·s。成熟后期光周期10-12h/d，植株顶部光强350μmol/m 2·s，植株侧面不补光。整个栽培期定期浇施复合肥。种植过程中栽培基质见干浇水，不干不浇水，玉米成熟后进行采收，计算种植周期，称取百粒重。
表3
Figure PCTCN2021107140-appb-000004
从实施案例3的结果可以得出，LED1-LED3处理的玉米百粒重较大。
且从实施案例1-3的结果可以看出，在本发明的光环境下，种植周期在80-90天，因此谷类作物采用本发明的种植方法，可实现一年4-5熟，极大缩短了作物种植周期、提高了土地和水资源的利用率。
尽管已经对上述各实施例进行了描述，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改，所以以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利保护范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法，其特征在于，整个种植期间谷类作物在蓝-黄-红-远红混合光照射下进行培养；
    蓝-黄-红-远红混合光中，红光(600-699nm)和蓝光(400-499nm)的光量子之比在3-4，红光(600-699nm)和黄光(500-599nm)的光量子之比在3-7，红光(600-699nm)和远红光FR(700-780nm)的光量子之比3-4。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法，其特征在于，育苗期间，光照周期为12h/d，光照强度为200-300μmol/m 2·s；定植后栽培期间，光照周期为12-18h/d，光照强度为400-600μmol/m 2·s。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)播种：将复合栽培基质装于育苗盘中，将春化或催芽露白后的谷类种子每穴1-2粒，播种深度1cm，覆土，清水浸透基质，覆盖保鲜膜，出芽后去掉保鲜膜；
    (2)育苗：将去膜后的育苗盘放置在蓝-黄-红-远红混合光下，育苗期光环境条件为：光照周期为12h/d，光照强度为200-300μmol/m 2·s，育苗过程保持基质湿润；
    (3)栽培：当苗高长到13-18cm时移栽到特定的种植模组上，在蓝-黄-红-远红混合光下进行培养，直至采收，光环境条件为：光照周期为12-18h/d，光照强度为400-600μmol/m 2·s。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法，其特征在于，可根据不同作物的不同生长发育期相应改变光环境，光照周期控制在12-18h/d范围内，光照强度控制在400-600μmol/m 2·s范围内。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法，其特征在于，育苗期，环境温度白天23-28℃，晚上18-20℃。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法，其特征在于，栽培期，环境温度白天23-28℃，晚上19-21℃。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述一种促进谷类作物一年4-5熟的植物工厂种植方法，其特征在于，栽培期水肥管理方法为：定期浇施复合肥，基质的水分控制标准为：见干浇水，不干不浇水。
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