WO2017211006A1 - 一种有机高产西红柿的种植方法 - Google Patents

一种有机高产西红柿的种植方法 Download PDF

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WO2017211006A1
WO2017211006A1 PCT/CN2016/095092 CN2016095092W WO2017211006A1 WO 2017211006 A1 WO2017211006 A1 WO 2017211006A1 CN 2016095092 W CN2016095092 W CN 2016095092W WO 2017211006 A1 WO2017211006 A1 WO 2017211006A1
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parts
soil
planting
plant
tomatoes
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PCT/CN2016/095092
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杨越
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杨越
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a method for planting organic high-yield tomatoes.
  • Tomatoes also known as tomatoes, are widely cultivated in both north and south. They have high nutritional value and contain a variety of vitamins. They are 2-4 times higher than apples, pears, bananas and grapes. They mainly contain vitamin BI, vitamin B2, phosphorus and tobacco. Acid, choline, carotenoid L, malic acid, citric acid, sugar, protein, calcium, iron and glutathione, tomatine, etc., have slimming, eliminate fatigue, increase appetite, improve digestion of protein, Reduce the effect of bloating and food. The yield and quality of tomatoes are closely related to the characteristics of the seeds and the management methods at each stage. Most of the growers' growth in fruit yield and quality only hopes that a large amount of fertilizer will be applied to obtain high yield.
  • the large application of chemical fertilizer may play a significant role in increasing yield in a short period of time, but the time is a little longer, which is likely to cause imbalance of nutrients in the soil, soil compaction, affecting the respiration of tomato plant roots, thus affecting tomato yield.
  • one nutrient inhibits the absorption of another nutrient, resulting in the application of a large amount of fertilizer, but it cannot be efficiently absorbed by tomato plants.
  • more and more fertilizers have been applied.
  • the increase in yield has not only led to a decline in the disease resistance of tomatoes, but also indirectly the large-scale application of pesticides, which not only affected the yield and quality of tomatoes, but also affected the health of the diet.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting organic high-yield tomatoes which is scientific and reasonable and can effectively improve the yield and quality of tomatoes.
  • a method for growing organic high-yield tomatoes comprising the following steps:
  • Soaking seeds Spread the tomato seeds in a dry place for 2-3 days, select the dry seeds with full and no damage, and place them in a 70-75 °C incubator for 30-35 hours, remove them, and place them. Soak in clear water for 2-3h, then soak it in 50% carbendazim 700-800 times for 10-15min, remove it, soak it in 10% sodium phosphate solution for 10-15min, take it out, clean it with water. Wrapped in wet gauze and placed in a germination box for germination;
  • Seedling Put the nutrient soil into the nutrient bowl, pour the water, and let the water content be 40-50%. Sprinkle the sprouted tomato seeds into each nutrient bowl, put 3-4 grains, cover the soil, and put it into the arch shed. Moisturizing seedlings;
  • the nutrient soil is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials: animal manure, urine, Pengrun soil, zeolite powder, tea residue, coco peat, humus soil, straw, shiitake mushroom residue, bone powder;
  • Soil preparation choose loose and convenient drainage, abundant sunshine, and loose soil rich in organic matter, apply 2500-3000kg of farmyard manure per mu, 20-30kg of NPK fertilizer, and disinfect the soil, plowing and leveling, 2- After 3 days, the air is ventilated and damp. Before the planting, the soil is fertilized by 200-250kg per acre, and the shallow tillage is carried out once, and the raft is made to have a bottom width of 1-1.2m and a height of 5-8cm.
  • the strengthening fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials: urea, plant ash, chitosan, betaine, amino acid chelate, bamboo leaf powder, medical stone powder, phytase;
  • Colonization select tomato seedlings of the same size and 4-5 true leaves. When the light is weak in sunny days, planting, one row and two rows, row spacing 30-40cm, plant spacing 10-15cm, controlled ground temperature 20-24 °C, When the seedling height is 25-30cm, the seedlings are kept warm to promote the development of the root system.
  • the germination temperature in the step 1) is 25-28 ° C, and the germination time is 25-30 h.
  • the thickness of the covering soil in the step 2) is 2-4 cm.
  • the ratio by weight of each constituent raw material of the nutrient soil in the step 2) is: 10-15 parts of animal feces, 5-7 parts of urine, 7-10 parts of Pengrun soil, and 1-2 parts of zeolite powder. 4-6 parts of tea residue, 10-15 parts of coco peat, 40-50 parts of humus soil, 5-10 parts of straw, 0.1-0.3 parts of shiitake mushroom residue and 1-2 parts of bone meal.
  • the weight ratio of each constituent raw material of the reinforcing fertilizer in the step 3) is: 5-7 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 3-5 parts of chitosan, 1-2 parts of superphosphate, 0.5-1 parts of betaine, 7-10 parts of amino acid chelate, 4-6 parts of bamboo leaf powder, 15-20 parts of maifan powder, and 0.3-0.5 parts of phytase.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the invention has good preventive effect on the common pests and diseases during the growth process of the tomato seed, reduces the incidence rate, and can promote the root system of the tomato plant through rational preparation of the nutrient soil and the fortified fertilizer. Growth, increasing the comprehensive nutrient composition for its different stages of growth, and the application amount of inorganic compound fertilizer is much less than that of traditional planting.
  • the method of the invention is scientific and reasonable, not only improves the yield of tomatoes, but also maintains good taste and quality. Under the premise of keeping the planting cost not increasing, the income of the growers is increased, which is suitable for large-scale promotion of planting.
  • a method for growing organic high-yield tomatoes comprising the following steps:
  • Soaking seeds Spread the tomato seeds in a dry place for 3 days, select the dry seeds with full and no damage, and store them in a 75 °C incubator for 30 hours, remove them, soak them in water for 3 hours, then put them in 50%. After soaking for 15 minutes in 800 times of carbendazim, take it out, soak it in 10% sodium phosphate solution for 15 minutes, take it out, clean it with water, use wet gauze. After the package is placed in the germination box, the germination temperature is controlled to 26 ° C, the time is 25-30h;
  • Seedling Put the nutrient soil into the nutrient bowl, pour the water, and the water content is 45%. Sprinkle the sprouted tomato seeds into each nutrient bowl, put 3-4 grains, cover the soil, and the thickness is 3cm. Moisturizing seedlings into the arch shed;
  • the nutrient soil is prepared by fermenting raw materials of the following parts by weight: 14 parts of animal feces, 6 parts of urine, 8 parts of Pengrun soil, 1.5 parts of zeolite powder, 5 parts of tea residue, 12 parts of copra, and rot 45 parts of leaf soil, 7 parts of straw, 0.2 parts of shiitake mushroom residue, and 1 part of bone powder;
  • Soil preparation choose loose and convenient drainage, abundant sunshine, and loose soil rich in organic matter, apply 2800kg of farmyard manure per mu, 25kg of NPK compound fertilizer, disinfect the soil at the same time, plow tillage, leveling, and ventilate and disperse after 3 days. Before the planting, the soil is fertilized by 230kg per mu, and the shallow tillage is carried out once, and the crucible with a bottom width of 1m and a height of 6cm is made;
  • the reinforcing fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 6 parts of urea, 12 parts of ash, 4 parts of chitosan, 1.5 parts of superphosphate, 0.7 parts of betaine, 8 parts of amino acid chelate, and 5 parts of bamboo leaf powder. 16 parts of Maifan stone powder and 0.4 parts of phytase;
  • a method for growing organic high-yield tomatoes comprising the following steps:
  • Soaking seeds Spread the tomato seeds in a dry place for 2 days, select the dry seeds with full and no damage, and store them in a 70 °C incubator for 35 hours, take them out, soak them in clear water for 2 hours, then put them in 50%. Soaked in carbendazim 700 times solution for 10 minutes, then taken out, then immersed in 10% sodium phosphate solution for 10 minutes, taken out, cleaned with water, wrapped in wet gauze and placed in the germination box to control the germination temperature to 25 °C. The time is 25-30h;
  • Seedling Put the nutrient soil into the nutrient bowl, pour the water, and let the water content be 40%. Sprinkle the sprouted tomato seeds into each nutrient bowl, put 3-4 grains, cover the soil, and the thickness is 2cm. Moisturizing seedlings into the arch shed;
  • the nutrient soil is prepared by fermenting raw materials of the following parts by weight: 10 parts of animal feces, 5 parts of urine, 10 parts of Pengrun soil, 2 parts of zeolite powder, 4 parts of tea residue, 15 parts of copra, and rot 40 parts of leaf soil, 10 parts of straw, 0.1 parts of shiitake mushroom residue, and 2 parts of bone powder;
  • Site preparation Choose loose and convenient drainage, abundant sunshine, and loose soil rich in organic matter. Apply 2500kg of farmyard manure per mu, 30kg of NPK compound fertilizer, disinfect the soil, plow tillage, leveling, and ventilate and disperse after 2 days. Before the planting, the soil is fertilized with 250kg of soil per acre, and shallow tillage is carried out to make a crucible with a bottom width of 1.2m and a height of 8cm;
  • the reinforcing fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 5 parts of urea, 15 parts of ash, 3 parts of chitosan, 2 parts of superphosphate, 0.5 parts of betaine, 10 parts of amino acid chelate, 4 parts of bamboo leaf powder 20 parts of Maifan stone powder and 0.3 parts of phytase;
  • Colonization Select tomato seedlings of the same size and 4-5 true leaves. When the light is weak in sunny days, planting, one line and two lines, row spacing 30cm, plant spacing 10cm, controlled ground temperature is 24 °C, when the seedling height is 25cm, Insulate seedlings to promote the development of roots.
  • a method for growing organic high-yield tomatoes comprising the following steps:
  • Soaking seeds Spread the tomato seeds in a dry place for 3 days, select the dry seeds with full and no damage, and store them in a 72 °C incubator for 32 h, remove them, soak them in clear water for 2.5 h, then put them in 50 After soaking for 13 minutes in carbendazim 700 times solution, remove it, soak it in 10% sodium phosphate solution for 13 minutes, take it out, clean it with water, wrap it with wet gauze and put it in the germination box to control the germination temperature to 27 °C. , the time is 25-30h;
  • Seedling Put the nutrient soil into the nutrient bowl, pour the water, and soak it until the water content is 50%. Sprinkle the sprouted tomato seeds into each nutrient bowl, put 3-4 grains, cover the soil, and the thickness is 4cm. Moisturizing seedlings into the arch shed;
  • the nutrient soil is prepared by fermenting raw materials of the following parts by weight: 15 parts of animal feces, 7 parts of urine, 7 parts of Pengrun soil, 1 part of zeolite powder, 6 parts of tea residue, 10 parts of copra, and rot 50 parts of leaf soil, 5 parts of straw, 0.3 parts of shiitake mushroom residue, and 1 part of bone powder;
  • Soil preparation choose loose and convenient drainage, abundant sunshine, and loose soil rich in organic matter. Apply 3000kg of farmyard manure and 20kg of NPK compound fertilizer per mu. At the same time, disinfect the soil, plow tillage, leveling, and ventilate and disperse after 3 days. Before the planting, the soil is fertilized by 200kg per mu, and the shallow tillage is carried out once, and the crucible with a bottom width of 1.1m and a height of 7cm is made;
  • the reinforcing fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 6 parts of urea, 14 parts of ash, 3 parts of chitosan, 1.5 parts of superphosphate, 0.7 parts of betaine, 9 parts of amino acid chelate, and 5 parts of bamboo leaf powder. 17 parts of Maifan stone powder and 0.5 parts of phytase;
  • Colonization select tomato seedlings of the same size and 4-5 true leaves. When the light is weak in sunny days, planting, one line and two lines, row spacing 40cm, plant spacing 15cm, controlled ground temperature is 20 °C, when the seedling height is 30cm, Insulate seedlings to promote the development of roots.
  • a method for growing organic high-yield tomatoes comprising the following steps:
  • Soaking seeds Spread the tomato seeds in a dry place for 3 days, select the dry seeds with full and no damage, and store them in a 70 °C incubator for 35 hours, take them out, soak them in water for 3 hours, then put them in 50%. Soaked in carbendazim 700 times solution for 10 minutes, then taken out, soaked in 10% sodium phosphate solution for 10 minutes, taken out, cleaned with water, wrapped in wet gauze and placed in the germination box to control the germination temperature to 28 °C. The time is 25-30h;
  • Seedling Put the nutrient soil into the nutrient bowl, pour the water, and the water content is 46%. Sprinkle the sprouted tomato seeds into each nutrient bowl, put 3-4 grains, cover the soil, and the thickness is 3cm. Moisturizing seedlings into the arch shed;
  • the nutrient soil is prepared by fermenting raw materials of the following parts by weight: 14 parts of animal feces, 6 parts of urine, 7 parts of Pengrun soil, 2 parts of zeolite powder, 6 parts of tea leaves, 12 parts of copra, and rot 47 parts of leaf soil, 8 parts of straw, 0.3 parts of shiitake mushroom residue, and 1 part of bone powder;
  • the reinforcing fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 7 parts of urea, 10 parts of ash, 5 parts of chitosan, 1 part of superphosphate, 1 part of betaine, 7 parts of amino acid chelate, and 6 parts of bamboo leaf powder. 15 parts of Maifan stone powder and 0.5 parts of phytase;
  • Colonization Choose tomato seedlings of the same size, 4-5 true leaves, in sunny light When weaker, planting, one row and two rows, row spacing 40cm, plant spacing 14cm, controlled ground temperature is 22 °C, when the seedling height is 30cm, the seedlings are kept warm, and the root system is developed.

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Abstract

一种有机高产西红柿的种植方法，包括以下步骤：浸种、育苗、整地、定植、日常管理，所述种植方法科学合理，既提高了西红柿的产量，还保持了良好口感和质量，在保持种植成本不增加的前提下，提高了种植者的收入，适合大规模推广种植。

Description

一种有机高产西红柿的种植方法 技术领域
本发明涉及蔬菜种植技术领域，具体涉及一种有机高产西红柿的种植方法。
背景技术
西红柿又名蕃茄，无果南北均广泛栽培，营养价值极高，含多种维生素，比苹果、梨、香蕉、葡萄等都高出2-4倍，主要含维生素BI、维生素B2、磷和烟酸、胆碱、胡萝L素、苹果酸、柠檬酸、糖类、蛋白质、钙、铁和谷胱甘肽、番茄碱等，具有减肥瘦身、消除疲劳、增进食欲、提高对蛋白质的消化、减少胃胀食积等功效。西红柿的产量和质量与种子的特性、各阶段的管理方式等密切相关，而多数种植户对果实产量和质量的提升仅寄希望于大量施用化肥来获得高产量。而大量施用化肥可能短期内起到了明显提高产量的作用，但是时间稍长，即容易造成土壤中养分失衡，土壤板结，影响西红柿植株根系的呼吸，从而对西红柿产量造成影响。而同时，由于由于养分的拮抗作用，一种营养元素抑制另外一种营养元素的吸收，导致施入了大量的化肥，却无法被西红柿植株高效地吸收，长此以往，施入的化肥越来越多，产量非但没有提高，反而造成西红柿抗病能力下降，又间接带来农药的大量施用，不但影响了西红柿的产量和质量，而且影响了饮食健康。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种科学合理，能有效提高西红柿的产量和质量的有机高产西红柿的种植方法。
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种有机高产西红柿的种植方法，包括以下步骤：
1)浸种：将西红柿种子平铺在干燥的地方晾晒2-3天，选择颗粒饱满无损伤的干燥种子放在70-75℃的温箱中处理30-35h，取出，放在 清水中浸泡2-3h，然后放在50％多菌灵700-800倍液中浸泡10-15min后，取出，再放在10％磷酸钠溶液中浸泡10-15min，取出，用清水清洗干净，用湿纱布包裹后放于催芽箱中进行催芽；
2)育苗：在营养钵中装入营养土，浇透水，晒至水含量为40-50％，将发芽的西红柿种子撒入，每个营养钵中放3-4粒，覆土，放入拱棚内保湿育苗；
所述营养土是由以下原料发酵制成的：动物粪便、尿液、鹏润土、沸石粉、茶叶渣、椰糠、腐叶土、秸秆、香菇菌渣、骨粉；
3)整地：选择排灌方便、日照充足、富含有机质的疏松土壤，每亩施农家肥2500-3000kg，氮磷钾复合肥20-30kg，同时对土壤进行消毒，翻耕、整平，2-3天后通风散湿，定植前每亩施土壤加强肥200-250kg，浅耕一次，做成底宽1-1.2m、高5-8cm的畦；
所述加强肥由以下原料组成：尿素、草木灰、壳聚糖、甜菜碱、氨基酸螯合物、竹叶粉、麦饭石粉、植酸酶；
4)定植：选择大小一致、4-5片真叶的西红柿壮苗，在晴天光线较弱时定植，一畦两行，行距30-40cm，株距10-15cm，控制地温为20-24℃，当苗高25-30cm时，保温蹲苗，促进根系发达发育。
5)日常管理：当植株长到35-40cm时，搭架，让其攀附支架向上生长，中耕除草，施粪水肥，当植株高于80-85cm时将顶端的叶片摘除，并减去多余分支，当植株长出花序后每天通风8-10h，5-8天进行人工授粉，浅耕施粪水肥；当长出果穗时，每株留8-10个果穗，每个果穗留3-5个果实，地温维持在23-25℃，土壤含水量维持在25-28％，在落花后、果实膨大期、分别追施一次有机粪肥，整个种植期间用黄色粘虫板和黑光灯对害虫进行防治，用植物源农药对常见病害进行防治，待西红柿变红后即可采摘。
优选地，所述步骤1)中催芽温度为25-28℃，催芽时间为25-30h。
优选地，所述步骤2)中覆土厚度为2-4cm。
优选地，所述步骤2)中营养土的各组成原料的重量份数比为：动物粪便10-15份、尿液5-7份、鹏润土7-10份、沸石粉1-2份、茶叶渣4-6份、椰糠10-15份、腐叶土40-50份、秸秆5-10份、香菇菌渣0.1-0.3份、骨粉1-2份。
优选地，所述步骤3)中加强肥的各组成原料的重量份数比为：尿素5-7份、草木灰10-15份、壳聚糖3-5份、过磷酸钙1-2份、甜菜碱0.5-1份、氨基酸螯合物7-10份、竹叶粉4-6份、麦饭石粉15-20份、植酸酶0.3-0.5份。
本发明有益效果：本发明对西红柿种子处理后，对于植株在生长过程中常见的病虫害有很好的预防作用，降低了发病率，通过对营养土和加强肥的合理配制，能促进西红柿植株根系生长，为其不同阶段生长提高全面丰富的营养成分，且无机复合肥的施用量较传统种植要少很多，本发明的方法科学合理，既提高了西红柿的产量，还保持了良好口感和质量，在保持种植成本不增加的前提下，提高了种植者的收入，适合大规模推广种植。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
一种有机高产西红柿的种植方法，包括以下步骤：
1)浸种：将西红柿种子平铺在干燥的地方晾晒3天，选择颗粒饱满无损伤的干燥种子放在75℃的温箱中处理30h，取出，放在清水中浸泡3h，然后放在50％多菌灵800倍液中浸泡15min后，取出，再放在10％磷酸钠溶液中浸泡15min，取出，用清水清洗干净，用湿纱布 包裹后放于催芽箱中，控制催芽温度为26℃，时间为25-30h；
2)育苗：在营养钵中装入营养土，浇透水，晒至水含量为45％，将发芽的西红柿种子撒入，每个营养钵中放3-4粒，覆土，厚度为3cm，放入拱棚内保湿育苗；
所述营养土是由以下重量份数比的原料发酵制成的：动物粪便14份、尿液6份、鹏润土8份、沸石粉1.5份、茶叶渣5份、椰糠12份、腐叶土45份、秸秆7份、香菇菌渣0.2份、骨粉1份；
3)整地：选择排灌方便、日照充足、富含有机质的疏松土壤，每亩施农家肥2800kg，氮磷钾复合肥25kg，同时对土壤进行消毒，翻耕、整平，3天后通风散湿，定植前每亩施土壤加强肥230kg，浅耕一次，做成底宽1m、高6cm的畦；
所述加强肥由以下重量份数的原料组成：尿素6份、草木灰12份、壳聚糖4份、过磷酸钙1.5份、甜菜碱0.7份、氨基酸螯合物8份、竹叶粉5份、麦饭石粉16份、植酸酶0.4份；
4)定植：选择大小一致、4-5片真叶的西红柿壮苗，在晴天光线较弱时定植，一畦两行，行距35cm，株距13cm，控制地温为23℃，当苗高30cm时，保温蹲苗，促进根系发达发育。
5)日常管理：当植株长到40cm时，搭架，让其攀附支架向上生长，中耕除草，施粪水肥，当植株高于85cm时将顶端的叶片摘除，并减去多余分支，当植株长出花序后每天通风9h，7天进行人工授粉，浅耕施粪水肥；当长出果穗时，每株留8-10个果穗，每个果穗留3-5个果实，地温维持在23℃，土壤含水量维持在27％，在落花后、果实膨大期、分别追施一次有机粪肥，整个种植期间用黄色粘虫板和黑光灯对害虫进行防治，用植物源农药对常见病害进行防治，待西红柿变红后即可采摘。
实施例2：
一种有机高产西红柿的种植方法，包括以下步骤：
1)浸种：将西红柿种子平铺在干燥的地方晾晒2天，选择颗粒饱满无损伤的干燥种子放在70℃的温箱中处理35h，取出，放在清水中浸泡2h，然后放在50％多菌灵700倍液中浸泡10min后，取出，再放在10％磷酸钠溶液中浸泡10min，取出，用清水清洗干净，用湿纱布包裹后放于催芽箱中，控制催芽温度为25℃，时间为25-30h；
2)育苗：在营养钵中装入营养土，浇透水，晒至水含量为40％，将发芽的西红柿种子撒入，每个营养钵中放3-4粒，覆土，厚度为2cm，放入拱棚内保湿育苗；
所述营养土是由以下重量份数比的原料发酵制成的：动物粪便10份、尿液5份、鹏润土10份、沸石粉2份、茶叶渣4份、椰糠15份、腐叶土40份、秸秆10份、香菇菌渣0.1份、骨粉2份；
3)整地：选择排灌方便、日照充足、富含有机质的疏松土壤，每亩施农家肥2500kg，氮磷钾复合肥30kg，同时对土壤进行消毒，翻耕、整平，2天后通风散湿，定植前每亩施土壤加强肥250kg，浅耕一次，做成底宽1.2m、高8cm的畦；
所述加强肥由以下重量份数的原料组成：尿素5份、草木灰15份、壳聚糖3份、过磷酸钙2份、甜菜碱0.5份、氨基酸螯合物10份、竹叶粉4份、麦饭石粉20份、植酸酶0.3份；
4)定植：选择大小一致、4-5片真叶的西红柿壮苗，在晴天光线较弱时定植，一畦两行，行距30cm，株距10cm，控制地温为24℃，当苗高25cm时，保温蹲苗，促进根系发达发育。
5)日常管理：当植株长到35cm时，搭架，让其攀附支架向上生长，中耕除草，施粪水肥，当植株高于80cm时将顶端的叶片摘除，并减去多余分支，当植株长出花序后每天通风8h，5天进行人工授粉，浅耕施粪水肥；当长出果穗时，每株留8-10个果穗，每个果穗留3-5个果实，地温维持在25℃，土壤含水量维持在25％，在落花后、果实膨大期、分别追施一次有机粪肥，整个种植期间用黄色粘虫板和黑光 灯对害虫进行防治，用植物源农药对常见病害进行防治，待西红柿变红后即可采摘。
实施例3：
一种有机高产西红柿的种植方法，包括以下步骤：
1)浸种：将西红柿种子平铺在干燥的地方晾晒3天，选择颗粒饱满无损伤的干燥种子放在72℃的温箱中处理32h，取出，放在清水中浸泡2.5h，然后放在50％多菌灵700倍液中浸泡13min后，取出，再放在10％磷酸钠溶液中浸泡13min，取出，用清水清洗干净，用湿纱布包裹后放于催芽箱中，控制催芽温度为27℃，时间为25-30h；
2)育苗：在营养钵中装入营养土，浇透水，晒至水含量为50％，将发芽的西红柿种子撒入，每个营养钵中放3-4粒，覆土，厚度为4cm，放入拱棚内保湿育苗；
所述营养土是由以下重量份数比的原料发酵制成的：动物粪便15份、尿液7份、鹏润土7份、沸石粉1份、茶叶渣6份、椰糠10份、腐叶土50份、秸秆5份、香菇菌渣0.3份、骨粉1份；
3)整地：选择排灌方便、日照充足、富含有机质的疏松土壤，每亩施农家肥3000kg，氮磷钾复合肥20kg，同时对土壤进行消毒，翻耕、整平，3天后通风散湿，定植前每亩施土壤加强肥200kg，浅耕一次，做成底宽1.1m、高7cm的畦；
所述加强肥由以下重量份数的原料组成：尿素6份、草木灰14份、壳聚糖3份、过磷酸钙1.5份、甜菜碱0.7份、氨基酸螯合物9份、竹叶粉5份、麦饭石粉17份、植酸酶0.5份；
4)定植：选择大小一致、4-5片真叶的西红柿壮苗，在晴天光线较弱时定植，一畦两行，行距40cm，株距15cm，控制地温为20℃，当苗高30cm时，保温蹲苗，促进根系发达发育。
5)日常管理：当植株长到35cm时，搭架，让其攀附支架向上生长，中耕除草，施粪水肥，当植株高于85cm时将顶端的叶片摘除，并 减去多余分支，当植株长出花序后每天通风10h，8天进行人工授粉，浅耕施粪水肥；当长出果穗时，每株留8-10个果穗，每个果穗留3-5个果实，地温维持在23℃，土壤含水量维持在28％，在落花后、果实膨大期、分别追施一次有机粪肥，整个种植期间用黄色粘虫板和黑光灯对害虫进行防治，用植物源农药对常见病害进行防治，待西红柿变红后即可采摘。
实施例4：
一种有机高产西红柿的种植方法，包括以下步骤：
1)浸种：将西红柿种子平铺在干燥的地方晾晒3天，选择颗粒饱满无损伤的干燥种子放在70℃的温箱中处理35h，取出，放在清水中浸泡3h，然后放在50％多菌灵700倍液中浸泡10min后，取出，再放在10％磷酸钠溶液中浸泡10min，取出，用清水清洗干净，用湿纱布包裹后放于催芽箱中，控制催芽温度为28℃，时间为25-30h；
2)育苗：在营养钵中装入营养土，浇透水，晒至水含量为46％，将发芽的西红柿种子撒入，每个营养钵中放3-4粒，覆土，厚度为3cm，放入拱棚内保湿育苗；
所述营养土是由以下重量份数比的原料发酵制成的：动物粪便14份、尿液6份、鹏润土7份、沸石粉2份、茶叶渣6份、椰糠12份、腐叶土47份、秸秆8份、香菇菌渣0.3份、骨粉1份；
3)整地：选择排灌方便、日照充足、富含有机质的疏松土壤，每亩施农家肥2700kg，氮磷钾复合肥23kg，同时对土壤进行消毒，翻耕、整平，2天后通风散湿，定植前每亩施土壤加强肥240kg，浅耕一次，做成底宽1m、高6cm的畦；
所述加强肥由以下重量份数的原料组成：尿素7份、草木灰10份、壳聚糖5份、过磷酸钙1份、甜菜碱1份、氨基酸螯合物7份、竹叶粉6份、麦饭石粉15份、植酸酶0.5份；
4)定植：选择大小一致、4-5片真叶的西红柿壮苗，在晴天光线 较弱时定植，一畦两行，行距40cm，株距14cm，控制地温为22℃，当苗高30cm时，保温蹲苗，促进根系发达发育。
5)日常管理：当植株长到40cm时，搭架，让其攀附支架向上生长，中耕除草，施粪水肥，当植株高于80cm时将顶端的叶片摘除，并减去多余分支，当植株长出花序后每天通风9h，6天进行人工授粉，浅耕施粪水肥；当长出果穗时，每株留8-10个果穗，每个果穗留3-5个果实，地温维持在24℃，土壤含水量维持在27％，在落花后、果实膨大期、分别追施一次有机粪肥，整个种植期间用黄色粘虫板和黑光灯对害虫进行防治，用植物源农药对常见病害进行防治，待西红柿变红后即可采摘。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种有机高产西红柿的种植方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    1)浸种：将西红柿种子平铺在干燥的地方晾晒2-3天，选择颗粒饱满无损伤的干燥种子放在70-75℃的温箱中处理30-35h，取出，放在清水中浸泡2-3h，然后放在50％多菌灵700-800倍液中浸泡10-15min后，取出，再放在10％磷酸钠溶液中浸泡10-15min，取出，用清水清洗干净，用湿纱布包裹后放于催芽箱中进行催芽；
    2)育苗：在营养钵中装入营养土，浇透水，晒至水含量为40-50％，将发芽的西红柿种子撒入，每个营养钵中放3-4粒，覆土，放入拱棚内保湿育苗；
    所述营养土是由以下原料发酵制成的：动物粪便、尿液、鹏润土、沸石粉、茶叶渣、椰糠、腐叶土、秸秆、香菇菌渣、骨粉；
    3)整地：选择排灌方便、日照充足、富含有机质的疏松土壤，每亩施农家肥2500-3000kg，氮磷钾复合肥20-30kg，同时对土壤进行消毒，翻耕、整平，2-3天后通风散湿，定植前每亩施土壤加强肥200-250kg，浅耕一次，做成底宽1-1.2m、高5-8cm的畦；
    所述加强肥由以下原料组成：尿素、草木灰、壳聚糖、甜菜碱、氨基酸螯合物、竹叶粉、麦饭石粉、植酸酶；
    4)定植：选择大小一致、4-5片真叶的西红柿壮苗，在晴天光线较弱时定植，一畦两行，行距30-40cm，株距10-15cm，控制地温为20-24℃，当苗高25-30cm时，保温蹲苗，促进根系发达发育。
    5)日常管理：当植株长到35-40cm时，搭架，让其攀附支架向上生长，中耕除草，施粪水肥，当植株高于80-85cm时将顶端的叶片摘除，并减去多余分支，当植株长出花序后每天通风8-10h，5-8天进行人工授粉，浅耕施粪水肥；当长出果穗时，每株留8-10个果穗，每个果穗留3-5个果实，地温维持在23-25℃，土壤含水量维持在25-28％，在落花后、果实膨大期、分别追施一次有机粪肥，整个种植期间用黄色粘虫板和黑光灯对害虫进行防治，用植物源农药对常见病害进行防 治，待西红柿变红后即可采摘。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的有机高产西红柿的种植方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1)中催芽温度为25-28℃，催芽时间为25-30h。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的有机高产西红柿的种植方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)中覆土厚度为2-4cm。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的有机高产西红柿的种植方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)中营养土的各组成原料的重量份数比为：动物粪便10-15份、尿液5-7份、鹏润土7-10份、沸石粉1-2份、茶叶渣4-6份、椰糠10-15份、腐叶土40-50份、秸秆5-10份、香菇菌渣0.1-0.3份、骨粉1-2份。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的有机高产西红柿的种植方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3)中加强肥的各组成原料的重量份数比为：尿素5-7份、草木灰10-15份、壳聚糖3-5份、过磷酸钙1-2份、甜菜碱0.5-1份、氨基酸螯合物7-10份、竹叶粉4-6份、麦饭石粉15-20份、植酸酶0.3-0.5份。
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