WO2022120503A1 - Formulación agrícola que comprende al menos una cepa bacteriana b. safensis rgm 2450, y/o una cepa bacteriana b. siamensis rgm 2529 y excipientes agrícolas; uso de la formulación y método para promover el crecimiento y/o aumentar el rendimiento de cultivos y/o protegerlos contra enfermedades y plagas - Google Patents
Formulación agrícola que comprende al menos una cepa bacteriana b. safensis rgm 2450, y/o una cepa bacteriana b. siamensis rgm 2529 y excipientes agrícolas; uso de la formulación y método para promover el crecimiento y/o aumentar el rendimiento de cultivos y/o protegerlos contra enfermedades y plagas Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022120503A1 WO2022120503A1 PCT/CL2020/050169 CL2020050169W WO2022120503A1 WO 2022120503 A1 WO2022120503 A1 WO 2022120503A1 CL 2020050169 W CL2020050169 W CL 2020050169W WO 2022120503 A1 WO2022120503 A1 WO 2022120503A1
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001243 protein synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024053 secondary metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035040 seed growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108020002982 thioesterase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P1/00—Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P3/00—Fungicides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/14—Tablets, spikes, rods, blocks or balls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to formulations for agricultural use that contain bacteria or mixtures of these, which have characteristics of crop growth enhancer and biological control of pests.
- the present invention focuses on the area of biotechnology, particularly on the development of agricultural products that enhance crop growth and prevent and control pathogen infection in crops through the use of formulations that contain one or a mixture of bacteria with these characteristics.
- Products for agroindustry of biological origin are formulated with microorganisms (for example, bacteria, fungi, viruses) or with active compounds derived from microorganisms or plants. All these products focus on improving productivity, quality, plant health and biological characteristics of soils (Altier et al., 2012). In the case of products that contain microorganisms, these are selected for their ability to promote plant growth directly, facilitating the absorption of nutrients by the plant (biofertilizers) or indirectly contributing to the sanitary management of pest diseases of economic impact (Biocontrollers). It is worth mentioning that many of these strains that are used for these purposes may present characteristics of fertilizers and/or biocontrollers (Altier et al., 2012).
- Soil is an ecosystem that hosts a variety of beneficial microorganisms. The fraction of soil that presents this type of microorganisms is found where there is the greatest presence of roots (rhizosphere) (Chollo et al., 2012). In the rhizosphere, bacterial consortia that promote plant growth can coexist directly and indirectly (Mayak et al.
- PGPR are associated with important crops such as Oryiza sativa, Triticum spp., Sorghum spp, Sacharum officinarum, Zea mays and pastures.
- PGPR are Azospirillum sp., Bacillus sp., Rhizobium sp., Burkholderia sp., Enterobacter sp., Azotobacter sp., Erwinia sp., Herbaspirillum sp., Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Xanthomonas sp. (Chollo et al., 2012).
- PGPR bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus. These gram-positive bacteria are ubiquitous, that is, they can inhabit different ecological niches, including the soil (Pignatelli et al., 2009). Soil-dwelling bacteria of the genus Bacillus may have characteristics of PGPR. For example, these bacteria have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2). Nitrogenase-type enzymes belonging to this bacterium reduce N2 to ammonia (NH3), the latter being absorbed by the plant.
- N2 atmospheric nitrogen
- NH3 ammonia
- bacteria play an important role in the solubilization of phosphates (P) so that this compound can be available to plants, for this, bacteria use enzymes such as phosphatase, phytase, hydrolases, among others (Hayat et al., 2010 ). Regarding the solubilization of components carried out by these bacteria, the solubilization of potassium (K) is also presented.
- This compound is necessary for the activation of various plant and animal enzymes that are intended to participate in energy metabolism, such as starch synthesis, nitrate reduction, sugar degradation and one of the most important functions, photosynthesis (Etesami et al., 2017)
- antimicrobial compounds are secreted by bacteria that act as antagonists against other pathogenic species.
- These compounds are molecules, particularly peptides and polypeptides of non-ribosomal synthesis composed of polyketides, bacteriocins and siderophores, as well as volatile compounds. In general, they have a broad spectrum of action (bacteria, fungi) and Bacillus strains have a predominant biological control capacity through the secretion of these molecules, inhibiting the growth of pathogens in plants.
- Bacillus safensis is a species that has the ability to endophyte and inhabit the rhizosphere of plants, which promotes their growth.
- B. safensis solubilizes soil phosphate (P) and produces siderophore, indole-3-acetic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (Yadav et al. 2011; Chakraborty et al 2013; Kavamura et al 2013).
- this bacterium can act as a biocontroller, presenting antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral effects in various cultures, individually or in the company of other bacteria (Sun et al. 2014). - Bacillus siamensis.
- This bacterium of the genus Bacillus was isolated in 2010 from a Thai crab, calling this strain B. siamensis KCTC 13613. It has been observed that this strain has the ability to significantly inhibit the growth of the mycelium of the plant pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea, in addition to presenting antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus (Jeong et al., 2012). On the other hand, it has been observed that B. siamensis can significantly increase the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings without physical contact with the seedlings, suggesting that the volatile substances produced by these bacteria could promote plant growth (Jeong et al ., 2012).
- bacteria of the Bacillus genus have characteristics that allow them to coexist with plants, particularly in the rhizosphere, and promote plant growth. Also, bacteria of the genus Bacillus have been reported to produce antimicrobial compounds so that they can control the growth of other plant pathogens. These characteristics have been described in documents such as the one presented by Borris R, in 2011.
- patent documents are presented that reveal the use of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus, particularly, B. siamensis and B safensis as growth-enhancing agents in plants and biocontrollers.
- B. siamensis and B safensis as growth-enhancing agents in plants and biocontrollers.
- patent documents CN 109468243 and KR 1020190061210 which present the use of B. siamensis, particularly, in the first document the use of B. siamensis is disclosed as a biocontrol agent since it presents a significant antagonism against pathogens , in the particular case of this document, the growth inhibition of stem rot and leaf spots is presented.
- the second document discloses the use of this bacterium as it has nitrogen reduction characteristics, indicating that it can be used to enhance plant growth or for water treatment.
- Documents CN109456915 and CN108330092 disclose the use of the bacterium B. safensis, as a plant growth-enhancing agent. These documents describe the characteristics of this bacterium such as the degradation of phosphorus (P) in the soil. On the other hand, documents KR1020140079201, CN108865934, CN108330092, CN106119146 describe the use of this bacterium and/or its cultures as antagonists for the growth of plant pathogens, such as B. cinerea
- the present invention corresponds to an agricultural formulation, which is composed of one or two bacterial strains that have plant growth promoting characteristics (PGPR) and bioprotective and biocontrol characteristics.
- the formulation may comprise the bacteria individually or a mixture of the strains Bacillus safensis RGM 2450 and Bacillus siamensis RGM 2529. Both bacteria are defined according to their registration number or deposit in the IDA microbial bank in the Chilean genetic microbial sources in I NIA, Quilamapu, Chile.
- the bacteria of the present invention are used by means of a formulation and their characteristic is a biostimulant, bioprotective and biocontrol function.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a biofertilizer that improves crop yield, comprising a mixture of plant growth-promoting bacteria and agriculturally acceptable excipients.
- the present invention protects two processes that optimize agricultural crops.
- the present invention protects the welfare of plants.
- the present invention aims to increase the availability of elements that are considered nutrients for plants, such as nitrogen (N2), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P), enhancing their growth.
- the increased availability of nutrients for plants is generated through the use of bacteria naturally present in the soil, which have the ability to solubilize these compounds (K and P) and fix nitrogen (N2 ).
- the safety of crops is protected by protection against pathogens.
- this protection is given since the bacteria used have the ability to release substances or molecules that are harmful to pathogenic organisms.
- the bacteria Bacillus safensis RGM 2450 and Bacillus siamensis RGM 2529 would produce antimicrobial compounds against a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi. In the case of B.
- siamensis RGM 2529 it has been shown that this strain could potentially produce antimicrobial compounds with an antibacterial effect on S. aureus ATCC 25923, M. luteus CMCC 28001, B. pumilus CMCC 63202, B. cereus ATCC 14579, B. subtilis ATCC 168, Listeria monocytogenes CICC 21662, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and P. fluorescens ATCC 49642, B. thuringiensis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, M. xanthus, P. vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, S. aureus, L. pneumophila, L. monocytogenes, P.
- Ustilago maydis, Monilinia fructicola, Penicillium expansum, Phomopsis gossypii, Phytophthora capsici, Pyricularia grisea, R. solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, S. sclerotiorum, Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium sambucinum, Fusarium oxysporum, Podosphaera fusca, Pythium sulcatum, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
- B. safensis RGM 2450 would produce antimicrobial compounds against Clavibacter michiganense subsp. sepedonicum, Erwinia amylovora, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Brevibacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sphaericus, B. subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Paenibacillus granivorans.
- Candida albicans Microcystis aeruginosa, Phytophthora infestans, S. cerevisiae, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, and F. oxysporum f. sp. Capsica.
- strains can also secrete enzymes such as proteases, serine proteases, among others, for which their antibacterial and antifungal effect has been described. Therefore, as part of the scope of the invention, the bioprotective effect of the strains is included independently and together in the formulation against a wide variety of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria.
- the formulation and the bacteria described present a biocontrol effect of phytopathogens, that is, its function is to reduce the growth of the pathogen population, in this case in crops and plants.
- the bacteria and the formulation are shown to have an antibacterial effect against Fusarum sp., Phytophthora sp., Collectotrichum sp. and Botrytis sp.
- the tests show that the RGM 2450 and RGM 2529 strains inhibit the growth of this phytopathogen in a significantly greater way than the reference commercial product devoid of its co-formulants (bacteria Bacillus subitillis QST 713), reaching an inhibition percentage of 50%. both when using each RGM strain separately, and when doing so by applying the mixture of both.
- the mixture of bacterial strains is combined to obtain a biofertilizer in accordance with the principles of the present invention, where the bacterial strains are found in preferred concentrations of 3.0x10 6 - 4.0x10 9 CFU/g (RGM 2529) and 5.0x10 6 - 4x10 9 CFU/g (RGM 2450).
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a biofertilizer comprising a mixture of bacteria and an agriculturally acceptable excipient whose function is to enhance the growth of crop plants.
- the excipient for agricultural use and/or agriculturally acceptable comprises the use, but not limited to, of wheat flour, corn starch, gelatin, potato starch, silicon dioxide, citric acid, bicarbonate, polysorbates such as Tweens, lactose, soy lecithin, casein, carboxymethyl cellulose or cellulose gum, sucrose esters, mannitol, sorbitans, pluronic F68, alginate, xanthan gum, PEG (polyethylene glycol), corn syrup, egg, milk, glycerol, fructose, pectins, mineral oil, ester gum, long chain triglycerides.
- polysorbates such as Tweens, lactose, soy lecithin, casein, carboxymethyl cellulose or cellulose gum, sucrose esters, mannitol, sorbitans, pluronic F68, alginate, xanthan gum, PEG (polyethylene glycol), corn syrup, egg, milk, glycerol
- a biocontroller comprises an organism that inhibits the growth of another, the latter being a pathogenic organism.
- the biocontroller comprises the mixture of the strains Bacillus safensis RGM 2450 and Bacillus siamensis RGM 2529.
- the biofertilizer/biocontroller of the present invention may have as a carrier a pre-packaged soil, a seed coat, a powder, a granulate, a nebulizer, a suspension or a liquid or any of the aforementioned variants. encapsulated.
- strains Bacillus safensis RGM 2450 and Bacillus siamensis RGM 2529 form part of a formulation that can be administered as a prolonged-release tablet, a wettable solid powder, as an effervescent tablet, as a resuspension, emulsion bacterial or mixtures of these.
- the administration of the formulation in conjunction with fertilizers is part of the scope of the invention. Its administration with percentages of 0, 33, 66 and 100% of fertilizer is preferred.
- the different presentation forms of the formulation can be administered to the seed or at the base of the stem.
- these are impregnated with PBS buffer or similar and completely submerged in the formulation, a concentration of 10 9 CFU/mL of bacteria being preferred.
- a concentration of 10 8 CFU/mL is preferred.
- the biofertilizer/biocontroller formulation is effective both for plants that are used in the area of agriculture, as well as for obtaining animal and human food, for example, fruits and vegetables, as well as for plants that can be cultivated with the objective simply to be ornamental.
- the formulation part of the present invention is focused on its use in agricultural crops, which may include, without being limited to the species of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), banana (Musa paradisiaca), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), peppers ( Capsicum annuum), papaya (Carica papaya), corn (Zea mays), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), melons (Cucumis meló), avocado (Persea americana), coffee (Coffea arabica), peas (Pisum sativum), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ), hemp (Cannabis sativa), Wheat (Triticum spp), rice (Oryza sativa), pineapple (Anana
- the agricultural formulation described in the present invention has a method of action, which is aimed at crop plants and pathogens that affect them, so direct contact of this product with humans could not cause any harm.
- the biological product of the present invention allows a reduction in greenhouse gases since it reduces the use of traditional agrochemicals, representing an alternative for the replacement of the latter and allows compliance with environmental standards such as those that are established in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
- a method to promote the growth and/or increase the yield of crops and/or protect them against diseases and pests by means of the administration or application of an effective amount of the described formulation.
- the method includes the administration of the agricultural formulation in the form of a resuspension, emulsion, effervescent tablet, prolonged release tablet or wettable powder.
- the formulation can be applied by spraying or direct immersion of the seed of the crop of interest and/or by applying it to the base of the stem of the plants.
- a concentration of 10 9 CFU/mL of bacteria is preferred.
- a concentration of 10 8 CFU/mL of bacteria is preferred.
- the treatment that presented the best effect was the mixture of bacteria in a prolonged-release tablet presentation with 100% complementary fertilization, exceeding 250 ⁇ g/mL of chlorophyll.
- the present invention describes a formulation and method that allow the increase of the growth capacity of the plants and the obtaining of better harvests.
- the term “obtained from” refers to which sample is isolated or derived from a particular source.
- the term “derived from” refers to the source from which the sample comes.
- the term "method” refers to a process that allows performing a task or obtaining a result of a given objective.
- the term “preventive method” refers to a process or a set of these that allows a task or objective to be carried out in order to prevent a future event.
- the term “treatment method” includes the process or set of these that are used to alleviate or cure a disease.
- Biocontrol is understood as a method for the control of pests, diseases and/or weeds whose purpose is the use of living organisms to control the growth of other populations of living organisms.
- Biocontroller refers to products of non-synthetic origin that are used to control pests in crops.
- biostimulant When the term "biostimulant” is referred to in the document, it is indicated as a substance or mixture of substances with or without microorganisms that can be applied to crop plants, seeds or roots. These substances or mixtures have the characteristic of improving aspects of the plant such as obtaining better harvests, through the stimulation of biological processes, improvements in the availability of nutrients, improvements in the absorption of nutrients, tolerance to stress, etc.
- bioprotector it describes any product or device whose function is to protect the characteristics and functions of living beings from external aggressions to which they may be subjected. An example of this in plants is when they are subjected to abiotic stress.
- biological control organisms refers to microorganisms that have the ability to inhibit the growth of another microorganism and that are used to control pests or diseases.
- Biofertilizer refers to an agricultural input formulated with at least one growth-promoting bacterium that improves crop yields when applied to it.
- PGPR corresponds to the English abbreviation of "plant growth promoting rhizobacteria” and refers to bacteria present in the rhizosphere which colonize the root system of plants or their closest environment and enhance its growth.
- Rhizobacteria it corresponds to those bacteria present in the rhizosphere.
- a bacterium has PGPR activity, it means that said bacterium is capable of colonizing the root system of plants or their closest environment and enhancing its growth.
- excipient refers to any substance that can be used without affecting the active ingredient.
- excipient refers to any substance used to generate, produce or manufacture a product for agricultural use that contains an active ingredient.
- the term “pill” or “tablet” When referring to the term “pill” or “tablet”, it is indicated as a small piece consisting of a moldable material or ingredient, which can have various sizes, shapes and uses.
- the term “effervescent tablet” refers to a tablet that within its composition generally contains acidic substances and carbonates or bicarbonates, which react rapidly in the presence of water with release. of carbon dioxide.
- the term “prolonged-release tablet” refers to a tablet that has characteristics that allow the release of the active ingredient from a formulation slowly, which allows the effect of the active ingredient to be extended between doses.
- wettable powder refers to those substances (active ingredients and/or excipients) present in a formulation that, when mixed with water before application, form a suspension.
- the term "resuspension” refers to the incorporation of material or substance which is suspended in liquid when it is present as a precipitate or as a dry material or substance.
- the term "emulsion” refers to a liquid with a milky appearance that contains small particles or drops of another insoluble substance in suspension.
- Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rDNA gene. The Neighbor-joining method and the K-2 parameter model were used to determine the phylogenetic relationship between the isolated Bacillus sp. with other Bacillus species. Micrococcus luteus DSM 20030T was used as an outgroup. Bootstrap values (expressed as percentages of 1000 repetitions) greater than 50% are displayed at nodes. The bar indicates 2 substitutions per 100 nucleotides. The isolates RGM 2450 and RGM 2529 are highlighted with a black circle. To the left of each type strain (T), the accession number for the NCBI database is indicated.
- Figure 2 Phylogenetic tree based on pyrE analysis of strain RGM 2450 sp. and related type species. For pyrE genetic marker analyses. The Maximum Likelihood method and the Tamura-Nei model were used to determine the phylogenetic relationship between the RGM 2450 isolate and the type strains of the species B. safensis, B. pumilus and B. altitudinis. The strain B. cereus ATCC 1479T was used as an outgroup. Bootstrap values (expressed as percentages of 1000 repetitions) are displayed at nodes. The bar indicates 5 substitutions for every 100 nucleotides. Strain RGM 2450 is highlighted with a black circle.
- Figure 3 Phylogenetic tree based on gyrB analysis of strain RGM 2529 and related type species. The Maximum Likelihood method and the Tamura-3-parameter model were used to determine the phylogenetic relationship between the RGM 2529 strain and the type strains. B. cereus ATCC 14579 was used as an outgroup. Bootstrap values (expressed as percentages of 1000 replicates) are shown at nodes. The bar indicates 5 substitutions per 100 nucleotides.
- FIG. 4 Evaluation of Nitrogen (N2) fixation and Phosphorus (P) solubilization of strains RGM 2450, RGM 2529 and the commercial strain QST 713.
- the different bacterial strains were cultured in Ashby medium to analyze N2 fixation , while to evaluate the solubilization of P, the test was applied in modified Pikovskaya medium. The brightness of the photos was adjusted by 60% from the original shot.
- the negative control is not shown in the figure; A) indicates nitrogen fixation tests, B) indicates Phosphorus solubilization tests, while 1) represents the tests on the RGM 2450 strain, 2) tests on the RGM 2529 strain and 3) tests with a commercial product.
- FIG. 7 Antagonist activity of the strains RGM 2450, RGM 2529 and the commercial strain QST 713 against the phytopathogen Botrytis sp.
- the graphs show the growth diameter in millimeters (mm) of Botrytis sp, where 1) corresponds to the control (untreated Botrytis), 2) corresponds to a commercial product v/s Botrytis, 3) RGM 2450 v/s Botrytis, 4 ) RGM 2529 v/s Botrytis. The average values are expressed together with their respective standard deviation. The letters indicate that there are significant differences (p-value ⁇ 0.05, ANOVA, LSD).
- FIG. 1 Antagonist activity of the strains RGM 2450, RGM 2529 and the commercial strain QST 713 against the phytopathogen Colletotrichum sp.
- the graphs show the growth diameter in millimeters (mm) of Colletotr ⁇ chum sp, where 1) corresponds to the control (untreated Colletotr ⁇ chum), 2) corresponds to a commercial product v/s Colletotr ⁇ chum, 3) RGM 2450 v/s Colletotr ⁇ chum, 4 ) RGM 2529 v/s Colletotrichum.
- the average values are expressed together with their respective standard deviation.
- the letters indicate that there are significant differences (p-value
- FIG. 9 Antagonist activity of the strains RGM 2450, RGM 2529 and the commercial strain QST 713 against the phytopathogen Phytophthora sp.
- the graphs show the growth diameter in millimeters (mm) of Phytophthora sp., where 1) corresponds to the control (untreated Phytophthora), 2) corresponds to a commercial product v/s Phytophthora, 3) RGM 2450 v/s Phytophthora, 4) RGM 2529 v/s Phytophthora. The average values are expressed together with their respective standard deviation. The letters indicate that there are significant differences (p-value
- FIG. 10 Antagonistic activity of the strains RGM 2450, RGM 2529 and the commercial strain QST 713 against the phytopathogen Fusarium sp.
- the graphs show the growth diameter in millimeters (mm) of Fusarium sp., where 1) corresponds to the control (untreated Fusarium), 2) corresponds to a commercial product v/s Fusarium, 3) RGM 2450 v/s Fusarium, 4) RGM 2529 v/s Fusarium. The average values are expressed together with their respective standard deviation. The letters indicate that there are significant differences (p-value ⁇ 0.05, ANOVA, LSD).
- FIG. 11 Evaluation of N2 fixation and P and K solubilization activities of the RGM 2450 strain in the different formulation formats.
- the figure shows the different tests in which the fixation of nitrogen (N) and the solubilization of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) of the RGM 2450 strain were evaluated.
- Different presentation formats for the formulation are evaluated, where 1) corresponds to the control, 2)-3)-4) correspond to the prolonged release tablet formulation without gelatin, 0.5X gelatin and 1X gelatin respectively, 5) wettable powder and 6) effervescent tablet.
- FIG. 12 Evaluation of N2 fixation and P and K solubilization activities of the RGM 2529 strain in the different formulation formats.
- the figure shows the different tests in which the fixation of nitrogen (N) and the solubilization of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) of the strain RGM 2529 were evaluated.
- Different presentation formats for the formulation are evaluated, where 1) corresponds to the control, 2)-3)-4) correspond to the prolonged release tablet formulation without gelatin, 0.5X gelatin and 1X gelatin respectively, 5) wettable powder and 6) effervescent tablet.
- FIG 13 Effect of the RGM 2450 and/or RGM 2529 strains on the growth of tomato seedlings. The evaluation was carried out 21 days after the inoculation of the seeds in the treatments described. A) control; B) Resuspension of strain RGM 2450 in isotonic solution; C) RGM 2450 strain emulsion; D) Resuspension of strain RGM 2529 in isotonic suspension; E) Emulsion of strain RGM 2529; F) Resuspension of the mixture of strain RGM 2450 and 2529 in isotonic solution; G) Emulsion of mixtures of RGM 2450 and 2529 strains. Figure 14. Evaluation of the growth of tomato seedlings from seeds inoculated with bacteria.
- FIG. 15 Antagonistic activity of PGPR strains against B. cinerea in tests carried out on grape berries.
- the photo is a representative shot of the activity of the strains RGM 2450, RGM 2529, the mixture of both and the commercial strain QST 713.
- A) indicates the berries inoculated with B. cinerea and B) indicates the berries not inoculated with B. cinereous
- the photograph was taken after incubating the experimental units for 72 hours at 25°C. and high humidity.
- Figure 16 Cumulative weight response surface of tomato fruits. On the Y axis is the accumulated weight (g) in X treatments and Z weeks. The colors represent the different surfaces covered according to the g reached in each treatment.
- FIG. Quantification of total chlorophyll with respect to each treatment.
- the bars represent the average values.
- Figure 18 Grouping that participates in the synthesis and transport of plantazolicin microcin.
- the gene cluster of strain RGM 2450 is compared with the gene cluster of strain B. pumilus ATCC 7061 and B. venelenzis FZB42 which participate in the synthesis of plantazolicin.
- FIG. 19 Prediction of gene cluster encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and other enzymes that would participate in the synthesis of bacilibactin.
- A) Gene group that encodes the enzymes that participate in the synthesis of bacilibactin and adjacent genes that participate in transport and regulation functions.
- Bacilibactin is synthesized by an NRPS assembly system (DhbACEBF) and secreted into space. extracellular.
- Bacillibactin chelates iron with very high affinity, and the resulting iron-bacilibactin complex is imported back into the cytosol via the FeuABC-YusV system and hydrolyzed by BesA esterase to release iron, which yields three bacilibactin monomers (2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate-Gly-Thr).
- the released iron serves as an enzyme cofactor.
- Figure 20 Prediction of gene cluster encoding NRPS that would participate in cyclolipopeptide synthesis.
- X identified amino acid; val, valine; le, isoleucine; leu, leucine; asp, aspartate; glu, glutamic acid. Partial prediction of molecule synthesized by NRPS.
- Figure 21 Organization of the gene cluster that would participate in the synthesis of cyclolipopeptide in strains of the genus Bacillus sp.
- FIG. 22 Prediction of gene cluster encoding NRPS that would participate in the synthesis of bacilisin.
- FIG. 23 AcnABCD gene cluster encoding amylocycline.
- FIG 24 DhbACEBF gene cluster of the RGM que 2529 strain that participates in the synthesis of bacilibactin. In the vicinity of the amylocycline gene neighborhood, the 13,034 bp DhbACEBF gene cluster was detected, which participates in the synthesis and assembly of the bacilibactic siderophore.
- Figure 25 Genetic grouping that would participate in the synthesis of surfactin. A) Organization of the surfactin gene cluster in the RMG 2529 strain. B) Surfactin gene cluster in strains phylogenetically close to the RGM 2529 strain.
- Figure 26 Genetic grouping that would participate in the synthesis of fengycine.
- Figure 27 Genetic grouping that would participate in the synthesis of bacilomycin D.
- Figure 28 Genetic grouping that would participate in the synthesis of bacilaeno.
- Example 1 Characterization of the bacterial strains RGM 2450 and RGM 2529.
- DNA extraction of the RGM 2450 and RGM 2529 strains was performed. Genetic markers were amplified: rRNA 16S and pyrE for the RGM 2450 strain, and 16S rRNA and rpoB for the RGM 2529 strain.
- the amplification reaction of each genetic marker consisted of 25 to 50 ng of strain DNA, 1X of DreamTaq Green PCR Master Mix, 400 pMol of each primer (Table 1) and water Nuclease-free Millipura in a final reaction volume of 50 ⁇ L.
- the thermal profile of the amplification consisted of an initial denaturation at 95 °C for 2 min, followed by 35 cycles of amplification (denaturation at 98 °C for 30 s, annealing at 55 °C for 30 s, and extension at 72 °C for 30 s). 45 s) and a final extension at 72 °C for 5 min.
- the PCR products were visualized by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and 1X GeIRed staining.
- the band corresponding to the expected size was cut and purified with Zymo Clean Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) under the manufacturer's instructions.
- the purified fragment from this reaction was sent to the Macrogen sequencing center for sequencing. Each marker was sequenced in the sense and anti-sense direction, using the primers in Table 1.
- the sense and anti-sense sequences obtained from the sequencing of the genetic markers of the strains were assembled using the Vector NTI program.
- the sequence of the markers of the RGM 2450 and RGM 2529 strains was compared with the type sequences of the species of the bacterial groups to which they belong (Table 2).
- the identity of the RGM 2450 and 2529 strains was verified using the 16S rRNA genetic marker to determine the genus and bacterial group to which they belong, to later use the specific markers pyrE and rpoB to corroborate the particular species of RGM 2450 and RGM 2529. , respectively.
- Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain RGM 2450 belongs to the B. pmilus group, while RGM 2529 belongs to the B. amyloliquefaciens group. Table 2.
- the evolutionary history was determined using a statistical method (Maximum Likehood/Neighbor-joining) and a nucleotide substitution model (Kimura-2-parameters/Tamura-Nei/Tamura-3-parameters model), considering a Gamma distribution to model differences in the rate of change between sites.
- the hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships was supported using 1000 bootstrap replicates.
- the phylogenetic trees clearly plot the results presented in Table 2, indicating that the RGM 2450 strain shares a taxonomic name with the bacterial strain B. safensis FO-036b (100% bootstrap) (Fig. 2), while RGM 2529 is found in the same class as with B. siamensis KCTC 13613 T (99% bootstrap) (Fig. 3).
- strains RGM 2450 and RGM 2528 were grown in 5 mL of LB liquid medium for 16 h (30°C and 200 rpm). 10 ⁇ L of the culture was added to the Pikovskaya agar medium (0.3 g/L NaCl; 0.3 g/L MgSO 4 -7H 2 O; 0.03 g/L MnSO 4 -4H 2 O; 0 0.3 g/L KCl, 0.5 g/L (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 0.03 g/L FeSO 4 7H 2 O, 2 g/L Ca 3 (PO4) 2 , 10 g/L L of glucose, 0.5 g/L of yeast extract, 15 g/L of agar Adjust to pH 7.0 (Vázquez et al., 2000) Incubate for 7 days at 30°C The appearance of a transparent halo around the bacterial colony indicated the ability to solubilize phosphate.
- strains RGM 2450 and RGM 2528 were grown in 5 mL of LB liquid medium for 16 h (30°C and 200 rpm). 10 ⁇ L of the culture was added to modified Pikovskaya agar medium (0.3 g/L NaCl; 0.3 g/L MgSO 4 -7H 2 O; 0.03 g/L MnSO 4 -4H 2 O; 2 g/L KNO 3 , 0.5 g/L (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 0.03 g/L FeSO 4 7H 2 O, 0.5 g/L Ca 3 (PO4) 2 , 10 g/L glucose, 0.5 g/L yeast extract, 15 g/L agar Adjust to pH 7.0 (Vázquez et al., 2000) Incubate for 14 days at 30°C.
- modified Pikovskaya agar medium 0.3 g/L NaCl; 0.3 g/L MgSO 4 -7H 2 O; 0.03 g/L MnSO
- strains RGM 2450 and RGM 2528 were grown in 5 mL of LB liquid medium for 16 h (30°C and 200 rpm). It was centrifuged for 5 min at 3500 g and washed 3 times with sterile PBS buffer (8 g/L NaCl, 0.2 g/l KCl, 1.44 g/L Na 2 HPO 4 , 0.24 g/L KH 2 PO 4 , adjust at pH 7.4).
- Ashby medium (10 g/L of glucose; 0.2 g/L of KH 2 PO 4 ; 0.2 g/L of MgSO 4 ; 0.2 g/L NaCl; 0.2 g/L CaSO 4 ; 5 g/L CaCO 3 ) and incubated for 7 days at 30°C (Rao, 1999; Velázquez-Gurrola and Ramos-Alegr ⁇ a, 2015 ).
- the growth of the strain indicated the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
- the assay was performed in triplicate.
- the RGM 2450 strain has a similar ability to the commercial product strain that includes the Bacillus subtilis QST 713 strain, while RGM 2529 exhibits a higher range halo that demonstrates its superior ability to perform this work (Fig. 4).
- both strains have the ability to solubilize K in vitro due to the color change in the medium (Fig. 5).
- the RGM 2450 strain had the greatest effect on N 2 fixation, showing even better growth on modified Ashby medium.
- AIA Phytohormone production capacity
- strains RGM 2450, RGM 2529 to produce the phytohormone indoleacetic acid were determined.
- the LB agar plate inoculated with a Bacillus strain was placed on top of the plate inoculated with the phytopathogenic fungus.
- the joined plates were sealed with 4 turns of Parafilm paper.
- PGI pathogen growth inhibition (%)
- C Diametral growth of the pathogen (control)
- T Diametral growth of the pathogen (treated).
- the RGM 2450 strain caused a 45% inhibition by direct contact and a strong antibiosis effect of 41%. Meanwhile, the RGM 2529 strain showed an inhibition effect of 80% by direct contact and 52% when treated by antibiosis. No growth inhibition was exhibited by production of volatile compounds in any case (Table 6 and Figure 9).
- Example 2 Preparation of formulations comprising the RGM 2450 and RGM 2529 strains with PGPR activity for different presentation and administration formats
- the formulation of the present invention can be presented and administered as a formulation in prolonged release tablets, in wettable powders and as effervescent tablets.
- the first formulation consisted of 28.6% wheat flour, 28.6% corn starch and 42.8% bacterial culture.
- the third formulation consisted of 32.6% wheat flour, 32.6% corn starch, 32.8% bacterial culture, and 2% 13% gelatin (1X gelatin).
- the starch was dry sterilized at 180°C for 30 min and the gelatin was resuspended in a 1:8 ratio.
- the formulations were dosed in 0.62 g capsules with a diameter of 1.4 cm and a thickness of 0.6 cm. They were kept at 4°C for 16 h, then dehydrated at 40°C for 2 h.
- the pellets were placed on 50 ⁇ L of water in Ashby, Pikovskaya and modified Pikovskaya culture media and incubated at 25°C for 14 days. Additionally, the bacteria present in the formulations were counted by maceration and resuspension of the formulation in 50 mL of sterile distilled water.
- wettable powder formulation 17% potato starch was mixed with 14.6% silicon dioxide and 68.4% bacterial culture. 1g of the product was weighed and resuspended in 100 mL of sterile distilled water, 20 ⁇ L of the suspension in Ashby, Pikovskaya and modified Pikovskaya culture media and incubated at 30°C for 7 days. Additionally, the count of bacteria present in the formulations was performed.
- citric acid was mixed with 66.6% bicarbonate and 3.4% of bacterial culture, and as the culture was added, it was homogenized by mixing the components.
- the resulting mixture was placed in circular molds with a diameter of 35 mm and a depth of 0.5 mm, generating 6 tablets of 4.7 g. They were dissolved in 100 mL of sterile distilled water and 20 ⁇ L of this solution were deposited in Ashby, Pikovskaya and modified Pikovskaya culture media and incubated at 30°C for 7 days. Additionally, the count of bacteria present in the formulations was performed.
- CFU colony-forming units
- Viable cells (CFU/g of formulation) Strain RGM 2450 Strain RGM
- the number of viable cells for the five different formulations was between 3.4*10 6 - 4*10 8 CFU/g and was equal to or greater than the number of viable cells present in the liquid product.
- commercial Serenade® (1.4*10 7 CFU/g), which includes the QST 713 strain, previously used as a comparative control.
- the formulations were also analyzed to evaluate that they possess the same characteristics previously evaluated for nitrogen fixation, and phosphorus and potassium solubilization.
- the RGM 2450 bacterium Fig. 11
- the effect on nitrogen fixation was not as easily noticeable in the case of the other formulations, so it cannot be confirmed that the strain maintains its abilities when incorporated into a wettable powder or effervescent tablet.
- the RGM 2529 strain (Fig. 12) was able to grow in the case of extended-release tablets, mainly due to the effect of the formulation in the medium, rather than due to a particular biological activity of the bacteria. There was no effect on the solubilization of P or K. In the wettable powders and the effervescent tablet, the conditions exhibited were the same as those of the control, thus confirming that the solubilization capacity of the strain is maintained at least in these two formulations.
- Example 3 Use of formulations comprising the RGM 2450 and RGM 2529 strains as plant biostimulants/bioprotectors.
- a colony of the strain RGM 2450 and RGM 2529 was inoculated, each one separately in 5 mL of LB medium, to generate the pre-inocula of the respective cultures.
- flasks with LB medium were inoculated with an aliquot of 1% pre-inoculum (ie 800 ⁇ L of pre-inoculum in 80 mL of culture). I know strains RGM 2450 and RGM 2529 grew for 20 h in LB medium at 30°C.
- the concentration of viable cells of the resuspension of strain RGM 2450 and RGM 2529 in the isotonic NaCl solution was 4 .7 x 10 9 ( ⁇ 8 x 10 8 ) and 1.8 x 10 8 ( ⁇ 5 x 10 7 ) CFU/mL, respectively.
- the cell concentration of the RGM 2529 strain is underestimated due to the formation of filamentous aggregates (Report 5), which prevent the exact number of cells present from being determined, for which the highest value of CFU/mL that could be obtained was used. batch.
- the cell concentration used was based on the concentration of CFU/mL present in the commercial products registered in Chile as a biostimulant, TRIBAC BIO (1 x 10 9 CFU/mL, ANASAC company) and TIFI (2 x 10 8 CFU/mL). g, company In pact).
- the described bacterial emulsion it was prepared in two phases. In the first phase, 5.33 mL of oil and 0.22 mL of Tween 20 were added to a tube. The tube was shaken for 1 minute in a vortex. In the second phase, 0.47 ml of glycerol, 3.75 ml of Silwet and 5 ml of the bacterial suspension from the previous treatment with a concentration 20 times higher were added and stirred for 1 minute in a vortex. The contents of both tubes were then mixed and shaken for 1 minute. An aliquot of the homogenized mixture was taken and resuspended in 9 ml of sterile distilled water to obtain the diluted bacterial emulsion.
- the seeds that were treated with bacterial resuspensions were incubated with the bacterial cells for 45 min under gentle orbital shaking (100 rpm).
- the seeds that were treated with the bacterial emulsion were soaked for 5 min in the diluted emulsion.
- the seeds of the control treatment were treated with 0.9% NaCl.
- the seeds of each treatment were sown in germination seedbeds containing a mixture of 1: 1 (v:v) autoclaved peat: vermiculite and incubated at 25°C ⁇ 2°C with a photoperiod of 16 h of light and 8 h of light.
- Table 10 Percentage comparison of tomato seed growth parameters. The values are expressed as percentages (%) of difference between the plants treated with different formulations of RGM 2450 and/or RGM 2529 versus the control group (untreated).
- Seedlings from seeds treated with bacterial resuspensions and emulsions after 21 days of growth showed a significant increase in wet and dry biomass with respect to the control treatment (Tables 9 and 10; Figures 13 and 14).
- the wet biomass of the experimental treatments showed an increase between 19 to 103%, while the evaluation of the dry biomass indicated an increase between 19 to 63%.
- Regarding the length of the shoot only the mixtures of the strains presented a significant increase, between 16 and 26%, the other treatments did not present significant differences with respect to the control.
- the seedlings of the seeds inoculated with the experimental treatments showed a significant increase in root length, between 15 and 42% with respect to the control.
- the treatments of mixtures of strains together with the resuspension treatment of the RGM 2529 strain presented significant differences with respect to the control.
- siamensis RGM 2529 (10 6 CFU/mL), a mixture of both strains, commercial fungicide Serenade® (Bayer), and water.
- 2 ⁇ L of Resuspension of B. cinerea spores (10 6 CFU/mL) were added. The inoculation was carried out on the hole that was made in the berry with the tip of a syringe.
- Diameters are expressed as the mean lesion diameter, along with its standard deviation, for the results obtained from repeating the assay in quadruplicate.
- the tests show a significantly greater inhibition in the growth of the phytopathogen by the strains RGM 2450 and RGM 2529, compared to the commercial product devoid of its co-formulants (only the bacterium Bacillus subitillis QST 713), reaching an inhibition percentage of 50%. % both when using each RGM strain separately, and when applying a mixture of both.
- Example 4 Field test of the PGPR activity of the strains Bacillus safensis RGM 2450 and Bacillus siamensis RGM 2529: greenhouse tomato cultivation
- the objective of this application example is to evaluate the effect of the inoculation of the strains Bacillus safensis RGM 2450 and Bacillus siamensis RGM 2529, separately and together, on productive parameters in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions.
- the effect of formulations in the wettable powder, effervescent tablet and extended-release tablet formats of the RGM 2450 and RGM 2529 strains is evaluated.
- the microbial concentrates obtained were harvested and stored at 4°C in 2L sterile pyrex bottles (Duranâ). The concentrates were sampled monthly for 5 months, maintaining their average viability in the order of 10 9 CFU/mL. These concentrates were used to inoculate seeds and prepare the different formulations: Prolonged Release Tablet (PLP), Effervescent Tablet (PE) and Wettable Powder (WP). In addition, the different formulations were used together at different concentrations of prolonged release fertilizers to determine the effect of bacteria on tomato crops.
- PLP Prolonged Release Tablet
- PE Effervescent Tablet
- WP Wettable Powder
- the different formulations were used together at different concentrations of prolonged release fertilizers to determine the effect of bacteria on tomato crops.
- the seeds used in this trial were of the Roma VF (Vita ⁇ ) variety. Prior to inoculation, they were disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, and then washed 5 times with sterile distilled water to remove the disinfectant. All treatments were inoculated with bacteria from seed (except for the control). The bacteria were washed from the adjuvants that could exist in the culture medium in which they grew that could interact with the plant and give altered results due to the presence of nutrients.
- the seeds were sown superficially in the substrate with a 2:1:1 composition of peat, perlite and compost, respectively, in seedbeds 110 mm deep and with a surface area of 5x5 cm in the greenhouse. Subsequently, the resulting seedlings were transplanted into 5L pots. The trial was carried out in a biosafety greenhouse of 8 x 9 m (width x length) with automatic irrigation and a controlled temperature of 25°C ⁇ 5.
- the fertilizer Multicote Agri® (12m) from ANASAC was used. This was added and homogenized with the substrate (previously described). In addition, the fertilizer was added at different concentrations described in Table 12, to quantify the response (weight and caliber) of the fertilization-microorganism interaction.
- Formulations of the product type wettable powder (WP), formulations for extended release tablets (PLP) and for effervescent tablet (EP) were prepared.
- the PE and WP formulations were dissolved in water to be applied in no more than 10 mL per pot, equivalent to 10 8 CFU/plant (also for the commercial control).
- the PLP was introduced into the substrate at the base of the plant, between the stem and the automatic irrigation dripper, and its concentration was also equivalent to 10 8 CFU/plant.
- the applications of the formulations were made at 60 d from the start of cultivation.
- Table 14 Table of treatments. The percentages correspond to the fertilizations of Multicote Agri in combination with the formulations (PLP, PE and WP) and the bacteria RGM 2529, RGM 2450 and their Mixture (1:1). 4.6 Plant management
- Chlorophyll was measured by removing the first 3 true leaves below the apex of each plant. From these, a segment was removed from the center of the leaf, attached to the central vein, without counting the latter, until completing 80 mg of leaves according to the methodology proposed by Wellburn (1994).
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- EMSIIRE® dimethyl sulfoxide
- the sizes do not have a significant statistical difference between most of the treatments, differing only in some extreme treatments, p. Eg Witness vs Mix.
- the average caliber is between 40 to 50 mm.
- the parameter of cumulative weight of tomatoes per treatment presented significant statistical differences between most of the treatments until the seventh week of harvest.
- the treatment that presented a response with difference Statistically significant with respect to all the other treatments was the WP Mixture of bacteria with 66% fertilization with a peak that exceeds 900 g, widely surpassing the control and commercial treatments (figure 16).
- Bacillus safensis RGM 2450 and Bacillus siamensis RGM 2529 was sequenced, assembled and analyzed.
- Table 15 shows the results obtained for B. safensis RGM 2450 regarding the antimicrobial compounds secreted by B. and potential target phytopathogens.
- Table 16 describes the potential enzymes that it would secrete.
- safensis RGM 2450 has the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds such as microcins.
- RGM 2450 has the ability to produce the non-ribosomal peptide bacilibactica.
- the DhbACEBF gene cluster was predicted (Fig. 19A), which participates in the synthesis and assembly of the bacilibactica siderophore together with the genes that participate in the transport (FeuABC-YusV) and in the hydrolysis of the siderophore for Fe+3 release (Fig 19B).
- Bacillibactin has been previously recognized for its inhibitory activity against the fungus F. oxysporum f. sp. Capsica (table 15).
- ribosomal peptide synthetase is encoded by 5 genes, of which gene 1 (10,707 bp) encodes a multimodular protein that would participate in the synthesis of a 3-amino acid peptide (leucine-leucine-glutamine), the gene 2 (10,701 bp) encodes the synthesis of a second module that participates in the synthesis of a peptide of three amino acids (leucine-aspartic acid-X (could not be predicted)), gene 3 participates in the addition of the amino acid isoleucine, gene 4 has two modules that would allow the addition of the amino acid valine and a molecule of acetyl CoA, which could participate in the delation of the peptide. Gene 5 presents two modules that participate in the addition of another amino acid (X) and a fatty acid (Fig. 20B and 20C), antecedents that suggest that the potential structure that could be formed is a cyclolipopeptide
- B. safensis RGM 2450 can potentially secrete various enzymes such as proteases, metalloproteases, lipases, among others (table 16).
- Table 15 Compounds secreted by B. safensis RGM 2450 and potential target phytopathogens. Table 16. Potential enzymes secreted by B. safensis RGM 2450.
- B. siamensis RGM 2529 would secrete bacteriocins such as amylocyclin.
- bacteriocin antimicrobial peptide
- FIG. 23A The acnABCDEF gene cluster encoding aminocycline has been found in strains of the species Bacillus amylol ⁇ quefac ⁇ ens and B. velezensis that have been widely described for their PGPR activity (FIG. 23B).
- Amylocyclin has been reported in the literature to have antibacterial activity against Brevibacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, B. pumilus, Bacillus sphaericus, B. subtilis, Clavibacter michiganensis, Micrococcus luteus, Paenibacillus granivorans, and Paenibacillus polymyxa (Table 17).
- B. siamensis RGM 2529 presents the DhbACEBF gene cluster that participates in the synthesis of bacilibactin (FIG. 24), a siderophore with antifungal activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. capsica (table 17). It also shows the 4 genes (surfAA, surfAB, surfAC and surfAD) that participate in the biosynthesis and assembly of the amino acids that make up surfactin (figure 25A). According to gene cluster analysis of surfactin in strains phylogenetically close to the RGM 2529 strain (figure 25B), when comparing the surfAB homologue of B.
- the surfAC gene encodes a ribosomal peptide synthetase consisting of 1 modules that participate in leucine assembly. Comparing the surfAC homolog of B. amyloliquefaciens ZB42 with that of RGM 2529, 94.95% identity and 100% coverage are obtained. Finally, the surfAD gene encodes a thioesterase. When comparing the surfAD homologue of B. velezensis ZB42 with that of RGM 2529, 95.36% identity and 100% coverage are obtained.
- fengycin a compound previously described as antifungal, a 49,465 bp gene cluster was also predicted to participate in the synthesis of this lipopeptide.
- This gene cluster is made up of 5 genes (fenA, fenB, fenC, fenD and fenF) that code for non-ribosomal peptide synthetases that assemble this cyclolipopeptide together with other genes that participate in its structural modification (FIG. 25A).
- This gene cluster has been found in strains belonging to the species B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis and B. siamensis (FIG. 25B).
- FIG. 27A Adjacent to the gene cluster that participates in the synthesis of fengycin, the bamABCD operon that participates in the synthesis of another lipopeptide bacilomycin D was found (FIG. 27A). This operon spans 37,696 bp and has been described in the species B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis and B. siamensis (Fig 27B).
- bacillomycin D can kill fungi of different genera and species, including Alternaria alternata, Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus flavus, Botryosphaerica ribis, C. albicans, Cryphonectria parasitica, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Didymella bryoniae, Fusarium graminearum , Fusarium sambucinum, Fusarium oxysporum, Podosphaera fusca, Pythium sulcatum, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, R.
- a 72,346 bp gene cluster was also predicted (Fig. 28A) encoding a hybrid between a polyketide synthase and a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) that is involved in the production of the antibiotic bacillaene, an inhibitor of prokaryotic protein synthesis.
- PKS-NRPS non-ribosomal peptide synthetase
- the bacillano synthase of strain RGM 2529 is composed of 13 PKS modules and 3 NRPS modules like those described in velezensis FZB42 and Bacillus subtilis 168 (FIG. 28B).
- B. siamensis RGM 2529 can potentially produce the antibacterial and antifungal compound bacillaene, for which it has been reported to have potential action against bacteria such as B. thuringiensis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, M. xanthus, P. vulgaris, Serraria marcescens, S. aureusy).
- bacteria such as B. thuringiensis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, M. xanthus, P. vulgaris, Serraria marcescens, S. aureusy.
- fungi it has been described that bacillaene has inhibitory activity against Coriolopsis spp. Fusarium sp, Pseudoxylaria sp., Trichoderma sp., Umbelopsis sp (table 17).
- B. siamensis RGM 2529 would also be capable of secreting enzymes of the protease, lipase, lactonase and cellulase type (table 18).
- KSA Potassium solubilizing bacteria
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2020480672A AU2020480672A1 (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Agricultural formulation comprising at least one bacterial strain b. safensis rgm 2450, and/or a bacterial strain b. siamensis rgm 2529 and agricultural excipients; use of the formulation and method for stimulating growth and/or increasing crop yields and/or protecting crops against diseases and pests |
EP20964452.5A EP4265111A1 (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Agricultural formulation comprising at least one bacterial strain b. safensis rgm 2450, and/or a bacterial strain b. siamensis rgm 2529 and agricultural excipients; use of the formulation and method for stimulating growth and/or increasing crop yields and/or protecting crops against diseases and pests |
PCT/CL2020/050169 WO2022120503A1 (es) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Formulación agrícola que comprende al menos una cepa bacteriana b. safensis rgm 2450, y/o una cepa bacteriana b. siamensis rgm 2529 y excipientes agrícolas; uso de la formulación y método para promover el crecimiento y/o aumentar el rendimiento de cultivos y/o protegerlos contra enfermedades y plagas |
CA3203643A CA3203643A1 (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Agricultural formulation comprising at least one bacterial strain b. safensis rgm 2450, and/or a bacterial strain b. siamensis rgm 2529 and agricultural excipients; use of the for mulation and method for stimulating growth and/or increasing crop yields and/or protecting crops against diseases and pests |
MA61682A MA61682A1 (fr) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Formulation agricole comprenant au moins une souche bactérienne b. safensis rgm 2450, et/ou une souche bactérienne b. siamensis rgm 2529 et excipients agricoles; utilisation de la formulation et méthode pour promouvoir la croissance et/ou augmenter le rendement de cultures et/ou pour les protéger contre les maladies et les phytoravageurs. |
CN202080107796.4A CN116724107A (zh) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | 包含至少一种细菌菌株沙福芽孢杆菌rgm 2450和/或细菌菌株暹罗芽孢杆菌rgm 2529和农业赋形剂的农业制剂;刺激生长和/或增加作物产量和/或针对疾病和有害生物保护作物的制剂用途和方法 |
US18/256,547 US20240090509A1 (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Agricultural formulation comprising at least one bacterial strain b. safensis rgm 2450, and/or a bacterial strain b. siamensis rgm 2529 and agricultural excipients; use of the formulation and method for stimulating growth and/or increasing crop yields and/or protecting crops against diseases and pests |
CR20230236A CR20230236A (es) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Formulación agrícola que comprende al menos una cepa bacteriana b. safensis rgm 2450, y/o una cepa bacteriana b. siamensis rgm 2529 y excipientes agrícolas; uso de la formulación y método para promover el crecimiento y/o aumentar el rendimiento de cultivos y/o protegerlos contra enfermedades y plagas |
DO2023000108A DOP2023000108A (es) | 2020-12-08 | 2023-05-31 | Formulación agrícola que comprende al menos una cepa bacteriana b. safensis rgm 2450, y/o una cepa bacteriana b. siamensis rgm 2529 y excipientes agrícolas; uso de la formulación y método para promover el crecimiento y/o aumentar el rendimiento de cultivos y/o protegerlos contra enfermedades y plagas |
CONC2023/0007534A CO2023007534A2 (es) | 2020-12-08 | 2023-06-07 | Formulación agrícola que comprende al menos una cepa bacteriana b. safensis rgm 2450, y/o una cepa bacteriana b. siamensis rgm 2529 y excipientes agrícolas; uso de la formulación y método para promover el crecimiento y/o aumentar el rendimiento de cultivos y/o protegerlos contra enfermedades y plagas |
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PCT/CL2020/050169 WO2022120503A1 (es) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Formulación agrícola que comprende al menos una cepa bacteriana b. safensis rgm 2450, y/o una cepa bacteriana b. siamensis rgm 2529 y excipientes agrícolas; uso de la formulación y método para promover el crecimiento y/o aumentar el rendimiento de cultivos y/o protegerlos contra enfermedades y plagas |
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PCT/CL2020/050169 WO2022120503A1 (es) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Formulación agrícola que comprende al menos una cepa bacteriana b. safensis rgm 2450, y/o una cepa bacteriana b. siamensis rgm 2529 y excipientes agrícolas; uso de la formulación y método para promover el crecimiento y/o aumentar el rendimiento de cultivos y/o protegerlos contra enfermedades y plagas |
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US (1) | US20240090509A1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP4265111A1 (es) |
CN (1) | CN116724107A (es) |
AU (1) | AU2020480672A1 (es) |
CA (1) | CA3203643A1 (es) |
CO (1) | CO2023007534A2 (es) |
CR (1) | CR20230236A (es) |
DO (1) | DOP2023000108A (es) |
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Cited By (1)
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KR20220167710A (ko) * | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-21 | 대한민국(농촌진흥청장) | 토마토 시들음병 및 궤양병을 유발하는 클라비박터 미시가넨시스 아종 미시가넨시스에 의한 피해를 감소시키는 바실러스 시아멘시스 k203 및 이의 용도 |
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- 2020-12-08 AU AU2020480672A patent/AU2020480672A1/en active Pending
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20220167710A (ko) * | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-21 | 대한민국(농촌진흥청장) | 토마토 시들음병 및 궤양병을 유발하는 클라비박터 미시가넨시스 아종 미시가넨시스에 의한 피해를 감소시키는 바실러스 시아멘시스 k203 및 이의 용도 |
KR102525964B1 (ko) | 2021-06-14 | 2023-04-28 | 대한민국 | 토마토 시들음병 및 궤양병을 유발하는 클라비박터 미시가넨시스 아종 미시가넨시스에 의한 피해를 감소시키는 바실러스 시아멘시스 k203 및 이의 용도 |
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DOP2023000108A (es) | 2023-09-29 |
CA3203643A1 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
AU2020480672A1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
CR20230236A (es) | 2023-10-26 |
EP4265111A1 (en) | 2023-10-25 |
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