WO2022118730A1 - 冷凍システム - Google Patents
冷凍システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022118730A1 WO2022118730A1 PCT/JP2021/043168 JP2021043168W WO2022118730A1 WO 2022118730 A1 WO2022118730 A1 WO 2022118730A1 JP 2021043168 W JP2021043168 W JP 2021043168W WO 2022118730 A1 WO2022118730 A1 WO 2022118730A1
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- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- compressors
- motor
- refrigerant
- expander
- Prior art date
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
- F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
- F04D17/122—Multi-stage pumps the individual rotor discs being, one for each stage, on a common shaft and axially spaced, e.g. conventional centrifugal multi- stage compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/024—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the driving means being assisted by a power recovery turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
- F04D27/0223—Control schemes therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0261—Surge control by varying driving speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0284—Conjoint control of two or more different functions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B11/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines
- F25B11/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders
- F25B11/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders centrifugal type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
- F25B1/053—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type of turbine type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0401—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/14—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
- F25B2600/0253—Compressor control by controlling speed with variable speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2501—Bypass valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
- F25B2700/21174—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the inlet of the evaporator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
- F25B31/026—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units with compressor of rotary type
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a refrigeration system using the Brayton refrigeration cycle.
- the Brayton refrigeration cycle is a thermodynamic cycle consisting of an adiabatic compression process, an isobaric heating process, an adiabatic expansion process, and an isobaric cooling process. Arranged and configured. These elements that make up the refrigeration cycle are designed according to the refrigerating capacity required of the refrigerator.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an example of a refrigeration system using a Brayton refrigeration cycle.
- an appropriate compression ratio is realized by providing a plurality of stages of compressors connected in series on a refrigerant line as a compressor unit corresponding to an adiabatic compression process, corresponding to a required refrigerating capacity.
- a part of the multi-stage compressor is configured as an inflator-integrated compressor having a rotation axis common to the inflator corresponding to the adiabatic expansion stroke, thereby driving the compressor with the power generated by the inflator. It is used as a part of the power to improve efficiency.
- Patent Document 1 by parallelizing each compressor constituting the compressor unit, the amount of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle is increased and the refrigerating capacity is improved.
- At least one embodiment of the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and flexible design changes can be made while suppressing the cost and time required for development and the occupied area at the time of installation according to the required freezing capacity.
- the purpose is to provide a possible freezing system.
- the freezing system is to solve the above problems. It is a refrigeration system using the Brayton cycle that generates cold heat using the refrigerant compressed by the compressor unit arranged on the refrigerant path.
- the compressor unit is A plurality of compressors arranged in parallel with each other with respect to the refrigerant path, A plurality of first motors for driving each of the plurality of compressors, and An expander-integrated compressor integrally configured with an expander capable of expanding the refrigerant compressed by the compressor unit, A second motor for driving the expander-integrated compressor, Including
- the plurality of compressors has a larger number than the compressor integrated compressor.
- a freezing system capable of flexible design changes while suppressing the cost and time required for development and the occupied area at the time of installation according to the required freezing capacity.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows outline the whole structure of the refrigeration system which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a figure which shows schematic cross-sectional structure of the coaxial compressor of FIG. It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional structure of the inflator-integrated compressor of FIG. 1 schematically. It is a flowchart which shows the activation method of the refrigeration system of FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows one aspect of the refrigeration system which includes two coaxial compressors and one expander integrated compressors. It is a schematic diagram which shows the other aspect of the refrigerating system which comprises two coaxial compressors and one expander integrated compressors. It is a schematic diagram which shows one aspect of the refrigeration system which includes three coaxial compressors and one expander integrated compressors.
- expressions such as “same”, “equal”, and “homogeneous” that indicate that things are in the same state not only represent exactly the same state, but also have tolerances or differences to the extent that the same function can be obtained. It shall also represent the existing state.
- an expression representing a shape such as a square shape or a cylindrical shape not only represents a shape such as a square shape or a cylindrical shape in a geometrically strict sense, but also an uneven portion or a chamfering within a range where the same effect can be obtained. It shall also represent the shape including the part and the like.
- the expressions “to have”, “to have”, “to include”, or "to have” one component are not exclusive expressions that exclude the existence of other components.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of a freezing system 100 according to an embodiment.
- the compressor unit 102 (110A, 110B, 110C) for compressing the refrigerant, the expander 103 for expanding the refrigerant, and the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the cooling target are performed on the refrigerant path 101 through which the refrigerant flows.
- a cooling unit 104 including a heat exchanger for performing the above and a cold heat recovery heat exchanger 105 for recovering the cold heat remaining in the refrigerant after passing through the cooling unit 104, a refrigerating cycle of a steady circulation flow is provided.
- a countercurrent heat exchanger type Brayton cycle is formed.
- the refrigerating system 100 has a superconducting device 106 that uses a superconductor capable of exhibiting superconductivity in a cryogenic state as a cooling target.
- the superconducting device 106 is, for example, a superconducting cable.
- the refrigeration system 100 has a refrigerant path 107 in which liquid nitrogen cooled by a cooling unit 104 circulates in order to maintain a cryogenic state of the superconducting device 106.
- the refrigerant path 107 is configured to be heat exchangeable with the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant path 101 of the refrigeration system 100 via the cooling unit 104, and is provided with a pump 108 for circulating liquid nitrogen.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the type of gas can be appropriately changed according to the cooling temperature and the like.
- the expander 103 through which a relatively low temperature refrigerant flows, the cooling unit 104, and the cold heat recovery heat exchanger 105 are housed in a cold box 109 that can insulate from the outside.
- the cold box 109 prevents heat from entering from the outside by having, for example, a vacuum heat insulating layer between the inner and outer surfaces, and the expander 103, the cooling unit 104, and the cold heat recovery heat exchanger 105 housed in the cold box 109. Reduce heat loss in.
- the compressor unit 102 is arranged outside the cold box 109 because a relatively high temperature refrigerant flows through it.
- the cold box 109 is arranged at a position closer to the superconducting device 106 to be cooled than the compressor unit 102.
- the cooling heat generated in the cold box 109 can be supplied to the cooling target with a small loss, and good freezing efficiency can be achieved.
- the compressor unit 102 is configured as a separate body from the cold box 109, the degree of freedom in layout is increased, and for example, by arranging the compressor unit 102 on the cold box, the installation space of the refrigeration system can be reduced.
- the compressor unit 102 includes a plurality of compressors 110 connected in series with each other with respect to the refrigerant path 101.
- the compressor unit 102 can further compress the fluid compressed by the low-stage compressor 110A and the low-stage compressor 110A, which are connected in series with each other with respect to the refrigerant path 101 and can compress the fluid.
- the middle stage compressor 110B and the high stage compressor 110C capable of further compressing the fluid compressed by the middle stage compressor 110B, it is configured to be capable of multi-stage compression over three stages.
- the number of compression stages in the compressor unit 102 may be arbitrary.
- a heat exchanger 112 for cooling the refrigerant heated by adiabatic compression by exchanging heat with the cooling water is provided on the downstream side of each of the plurality of compressors 110. It will be provided. Specifically, the heat exchanger 112A is arranged on the downstream side of the low-stage compressor 110A, the heat exchanger 112B is arranged on the downstream side of the middle-stage compressor 110B, and the heat exchanger 112B is arranged on the downstream side of the high-stage compressor 110C. A heat exchanger 112C is arranged.
- the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant path 101 is first adiabatically compressed by the low-stage compressor 110A on the most upstream side to raise the temperature, and then cooled by exchanging heat with cooling water in the heat exchanger 112A provided on the downstream side. Will be done. After that, the refrigerant is again adiabatically compressed by the middle compressor 110B to raise the temperature, and then cooled by exchanging heat with the cooling water in the heat exchanger 112B provided on the downstream side. Further, the refrigerant is again adiabatically compressed by the high-stage compressor 110C to raise the temperature, and then cooled by exchanging heat with the cooling water in the heat exchanger 112C provided on the downstream side.
- efficiency is improved by repeating adiabatic compression by the compressor 110 and cooling by the heat exchanger 112 over a plurality of stages. That is, by repeating the adiabatic compression and the cooling in a plurality of stages, the compression process of the Brayton cycle is brought closer to the ideal isothermal compression. The larger the number of stages, the closer to isothermal compression, but it is advisable to determine the number of stages in consideration of the selection of the compression ratio due to the increase in the number of stages, the complexity of the device configuration, the simplicity of operation, and the like.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compressor unit 102 is cooled by the cold heat recovery heat exchanger 105 and then adiabatically expanded by the expander 103 to generate cold heat.
- the refrigerant discharged from the expander 103 is heat-exchanged with liquid nitrogen flowing through the refrigerant path 107 on the cooling target side in the cooling unit 104, and the temperature rises due to the heat load.
- the refrigerant heated by the cooling unit 104 is introduced into the cold heat recovery heat exchanger 105, and the remaining cold heat is recovered by exchanging heat with the high-temperature compressed refrigerant that has passed through the heat exchanger 112C in the compressor unit 102. Will be done. As a result, the temperature of the refrigerant introduced into the expander 103 is lowered, and cold heat at a lower temperature can be obtained.
- the Brayton cycle is configured by using a plurality of rotating machines such as a plurality of compressors 110 and an expander 103 included in the compressor unit 102.
- the low-stage compressor 110A and the high-stage compressor 110C are configured as a coaxial compressor 118 connected to both ends of the output shaft 116A (see FIG. 2) of the first motor 114A, which is a common power source.
- the middle stage compressor 110B and the expander 103 are also configured as an expander-integrated compressor 120 connected to both ends of the output shaft 116B (see FIG. 3) of the second motor 114B, which is a common power source. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the number of parts and lay it in a small installation space, and further, the power generated by the expander 103 contributes to the compression power of the middle stage compressor 110B, thereby improving efficiency. ..
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional structure of the coaxial compressor 118 of FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional structure of the inflator integrated compressor 120 of FIG.
- the coaxial compressor 118 is configured by connecting the low-stage compressor 110A and the high-stage compressor 110C on both sides of the output shaft 116A of the first motor 114A.
- the first motor 114A is arranged between the low-stage compressor 110A and the high-stage compressor 110C, but in other embodiments, the first motor 114A is located outside the low-stage compressor 110A and the high-stage compressor 110C. They may be arranged (for example, in the axial direction of the output shaft 116A, the first motor 114A, the low-stage compressor 110A, and the high-stage compressor 110C may be arranged in this order).
- the output shaft 116A of the first motor 114A is attached to the motor casing 130-1 by the radial magnetic bearing 122-1 and the thrust magnetic bearing 126-1 arranged between the low-stage compressor 110A and the high-stage compressor 110C. It is non-contact and rotatably supported.
- the radial magnetic bearings 122-1 are provided on both sides of the first motor 114A in the axial direction of the output shaft 116A, and the output shaft 116A is levitated by magnetic force to bear the radial load.
- the thrust magnetic bearing 126-1 is provided on one side of the first motor 114A in the axial direction of the output shaft 116A (between the first motor 114A and the low-stage compressor 110A in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2) and outputs.
- the thrust load of the output shaft 116A is borne by the magnetic force so that a gap is formed between the axial rotor disk 127-1 provided on the shaft 116A.
- the thrust magnetic bearing 126-1 and the axial rotor disk 127-1 may be provided between the high-stage compressor 110C and the first motor 114A.
- the axial rotor disk 127-1 is provided mainly on one side of the first motor 114A in order to suppress the fluid friction loss, but the outer diameter of the output shaft 116A of the first motor 114A is large. If it is large, it may be provided on both sides for reasons such as assembly.
- the casing 128-1 of the coaxial compressor 118 includes a motor casing 130-1, an impeller casing 132-1 for a low-stage compressor, and an impeller casing 132-3 for a high-stage compressor along the axial direction of the output shaft 116A. And are connected to each other.
- the motor casing 130-1 is a casing that defines the outer shell of the first motor 114A, and houses the rotor 136A integrally configured with the output shaft 116A inside and the stator 138A arranged around the rotor 136A. (The rotor 136A is integrally configured with the output shaft 116A).
- the impeller casing 132-1 for the low-stage compressor is attached to one end side of the output shaft 116A and accommodates the impeller 140A of the low-stage compressor 110A.
- the impeller casing 132-3 for the high-stage compressor accommodates the impeller 140C of the high-stage compressor 110C attached to the other end side of the output shaft 116A.
- the expander integrated compressor 120 is configured by connecting the middle stage compressor 110B and the expander 103 on both sides of the output shaft 116B of the second motor 114B.
- the second motor 114B is arranged between the middle stage compressor 110B and the expander 103, but in other embodiments, the second motor 114B may be arranged outside the middle stage compressor 110B and the inflator 103 (.
- the second motor 114B, the middle stage compressor 110B, and the expander 103 may be arranged in this order).
- the output shaft 116B of the second motor 114B is in non-contact with the motor casing 130-2 by the radial magnetic bearing 122-2 and the thrust magnetic bearing 126-2 arranged between the middle stage compressor 110B and the expander 103. It is rotatably supported.
- the radial magnetic bearings 122-2 are provided on both sides of the second motor 114B in the axial direction of the output shaft 116B, and the output shaft 116B is levitated by magnetic force to bear the radial load.
- the thrust magnetic bearing 126-2 is provided on one side of the second motor 114B in the axial direction of the output shaft 116B (between the second motor 114B and the middle stage compressor 110B in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3), and the output shaft is provided.
- the thrust load of the output shaft 116B is borne by the magnetic force so that a gap is formed between the axle rotor disk 127-2 and the axial rotor disk 127-2 provided on the 116B.
- the thrust magnetic bearing 126-2 and the axial rotor disk 127-2 may be provided between the expander 103 and the second motor 114B.
- the axial rotor disk 127-2 is provided mainly on one side of the second motor 114B in order to suppress the fluid friction loss, but the outer diameter of the output shaft 116B of the second motor 114B is large. If it is large, it may be provided on both sides for reasons such as assembly.
- the casing 128-2 of the compressor integrated compressor 120 includes a motor casing 130-2, an impeller casing 132-2 for a middle stage compressor, and an impeller casing 134-1 for an expander along the axial direction of the output shaft 116B. And are connected to each other.
- the motor casing 130-2 is a casing that defines the outer shell of the second motor 114B, and is a rotor 136B integrally configured with the output shaft 116B inside (the rotor 136B is integrally formed with the output shaft 116B).
- the stator 138B arranged around the rotor 136B.
- the impeller casing 132-2 for the middle stage compressor accommodates the impeller 140B of the middle stage compressor 110B attached to one end side of the output shaft 116B.
- the inflator impeller casing 134-1 accommodates the impeller 142 of the inflator 103 attached to the other end of the output shaft 116B.
- the compressor unit 102 includes a plurality of coaxial compressors 118 arranged in parallel with each other with respect to the refrigerant path 101.
- the coaxial compressors 118 included in the compressor unit 102 are common (same specifications), and the number of them is larger than that of the compressor integrated compressor 120 included in the compressor unit 102, and is required for the refrigeration system 100. It is set according to the refrigerating capacity.
- the compressor unit 102 includes two coaxial compressors 118A and 118B for one inflator integrated compressor 120, but includes three or more coaxial compressors 118. Therefore, it is possible to cope with a larger refrigerating capacity. Further, when there are two expander-integrated compressors 120, three or more coaxial compressors 118 may be provided.
- the number of coaxial compressors 118 included in the compressor unit 102 is set according to the refrigerating capacity required for the refrigerating system 100. For example, as the refrigerating capacity required for the refrigerating system 100 increases, the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant path 101 increases, so that it can be dealt with by increasing the number of coaxial compressors 118. Therefore, the refrigeration system 100 can realize specifications having different refrigerating capacities with a small development burden by adjusting the number of coaxial compressors 118 included in the compressor unit 102.
- the compressor integrated with an expander 120 can be applied to the refrigeration system 100 by changing the design of only the parts (impeller casings 132-2 and 134-1) related to the impeller 140B and the expander impeller 142 of the middle stage compressor 110B. It is possible to effectively reduce the development period and cost of coaxial compressors according to the types of required parts and refrigerating capacity. Further, the occupied area can be reduced as compared with the case where a plurality of refrigerating systems 100 are arranged in parallel to meet the required refrigerating capacity.
- the first motor 114A of the coaxial compressor 118 and the second motor 114B of the inflator integrated compressor 120 are common. In this way, even between the coaxial compressor 118 and the inflator integrated compressor 120, by making the drive motor a common specification, a refrigeration system 100 having different refrigerating capacities can be realized while reducing the development burden. be able to.
- the fact that the plurality of first motors and the second motor are "common” means that at least a part of the specifications of both is common. Having at least a portion of the specifications in common may mean, for example, that at least a portion of the motor output, rotation speed, dimensions, etc. are the same, or that they are interchangeable with each other. However, it may mean that the design is the same to the extent that it does not affect the assembly of parts other than the motor.
- the required output for the first motor used for the coaxial compressor 118 is 45 kW, which is used for the expander integrated compressor 120. It is assumed that the required output for the second motor is 15 kW.
- the refrigeration system 100 of the present embodiment in response to such a requirement, as shown in FIG.
- two coaxial compressors 118 having a first motor having the same specifications as the base design and an output of 45 kW are used as a refrigerant path 101.
- the coaxial compressor By installing the coaxial compressor in parallel, it is possible to handle it without requiring a new design of the coaxial compressor.
- the compressor integrated with the expander 120 by adopting the output specification of 45 kW as the second motor 114B as in the case of the first motor 114A, the required output of 30 kW can be covered.
- the first motor 114A and the second motor 114B By adopting common (same specifications) as the first motor 114A and the second motor 114B in this way, it is possible to promote the standardization of the peripheral configurations of the first motor 114A and the second motor 114B.
- the output shaft 116A and the output shaft 116B have the same shaft diameter, and as a result, the bearing supporting the output shaft 116A by the coaxial compressor 118. (Radial magnetic bearing 122-1, thrust magnetic bearing 126-1) and bearing (radial magnetic bearing 122-2, thrust magnetic bearing 126-2) that supports the output shaft 116B in the expander integrated compressor 120 are common. (Same specifications).
- the motor casing 130-1 of the first motor 114A and the motor casing 130-2 of the second motor 114B can also be made common (same specifications).
- bearings and motor casings are "common", which means that at least a part of the specifications of both is common. Having at least a portion of the specifications in common may mean that they are interchangeable with each other, or that they are of the same design to the extent that they do not affect the assembly of parts other than the motor.
- the design may be different from that of 134-1 depending on the shape of the impeller housed in each.
- the refrigerating capacity required for the refrigerating system 100 is made common (same specifications) to the first motor 114A and the second motor 114B included in the compressor unit 102 and their peripheral configurations. Even if it changes, it can be designed efficiently with a small development burden.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a case where the compressor unit 102 includes two coaxial compressors 118.
- the two coaxial compressors 118 are provided in parallel with each other with respect to the refrigerant path 101.
- the refrigerant path 101 is provided in the first line 144 in which the refrigerant is supplied from the cold heat recovery heat exchanger 105 to the compressor unit 102, and in the low-stage compressor 110A of the two coaxial compressors 118 from the downstream side of the first line 144.
- the second lines 146A and 146B that branch to each other, the third lines 148A and 148B through which the refrigerant compressed by the two low-stage compressors 110A flow, respectively, and the third lines 148A and 148B merge on the downstream side.
- 8th line 158 connected to the cold heat recovery heat exchanger 105 on the cold box 109 side.
- the distribution ratio of the refrigerant to the low-stage compressor 110A of the two coaxial compressors 118 is increased. It is configured to be adjustable. Further, one of the third lines 148A and 148B (the third line 148B in FIG. 1) through which the refrigerant compressed by the two low-stage compressors 110A flows is provided with the second valve 162, so that the two units are low. The discharge ratio of the refrigerant from the stage compressor 110A can be adjusted.
- the heat exchanger 112A described above is provided on each of the third lines 148A and 148B.
- the discharge ratio of the refrigerant from the high-stage compressor 110C of the two coaxial compressors 118 is provided. Is configured to be adjustable.
- the heat exchanger 112C described above is provided on each of the 7th lines 156A and 156B.
- a first bypass line 166 that communicates the upstream side and the downstream side of the low-stage compressor 110A of the two coaxial compressors 118 is provided.
- a first bypass valve 168 is provided on the first bypass line 166.
- a second bypass line 170 that communicates the upstream side and the downstream side of the middle stage compressor 110B is provided.
- a second bypass valve 172 is provided on the second bypass line 170.
- a third bypass line 174 that communicates the upstream side and the downstream side of the high-stage compressor 110C of the two coaxial compressors 118 is provided.
- a third bypass valve 176 is provided on the third bypass line 174.
- a fourth bypass line 182 that communicates with the 180 is provided.
- a buffer tank 184 capable of storing the refrigerant and a fourth valve 186 and a fifth valve 188 provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the buffer tank 184 are arranged.
- valves are configured so that the flow path of the refrigerant in the refrigerant path 101 can be appropriately switched by controlling the opening degree based on the control signal from the control device 200 which is the control unit of the refrigeration system 100.
- the control device 200 is configured by installing a program for executing a predetermined control on a hardware configuration including, for example, an electronic arithmetic unit such as a computer.
- each valve and the bypass valve in the refrigeration system 100 described above can be appropriately changed within the range in which the same control can be realized.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a method of starting the refrigeration system 100 of FIG.
- the refrigerant temperature at the inlet of the expander 103 is normal temperature (about 300K).
- the temperature of the refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant path 101 rises to near room temperature (about 300 K), so that the pressure of the refrigerant increases in the refrigerant path 101.
- the pressure of the refrigerant in the high-pressure refrigerant line 178 from the high-stage compressor 110C to the expander 103 and the low-pressure refrigerant line 180 from the expander 103 to the low-stage compressor 110A in the refrigerant path 101 is balanced (high). Low pressure equalizes pressure).
- the pressure on the low pressure refrigerant line 180 side is higher than in the normal operation, and when the refrigerating system 100 is started and operated with the refrigerant pressure high, the pressure on the high pressure refrigerant line 178 side rises excessively. It is easy, and in particular, the motor-driven expander-integrated compressor 120 may be provided, so that the motor load may increase.
- step S1 YES
- the control device 200 determines the fourth valve 186. (Step S2), and a part of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant path 101 is collected in the buffer tank 184 (step S3).
- step S4 when the pressure difference ⁇ P becomes equal to or less than the threshold value ⁇ P1 (step S4: YES), the control device 200 closes and controls the fourth valve 186 (step S5). If the pressure difference ⁇ P is larger than the threshold value ⁇ P1 (step S4: NO), the control device 200 returns the control to step S2.
- the pressure difference ⁇ P can be obtained, for example, by the difference between the detected values of the pressure sensor installed in the high pressure refrigerant line 178 and the pressure sensor installed in the buffer tank 184.
- the refrigerant path 101 has a minimum cross section in the flow path near the inlet of the expander 103, which has the highest density under the rated operating conditions. Since the suction temperature of the expander 103 is higher than the rated condition (the refrigerant density is low) during precooling, surging of the compressor may occur due to the choke phenomenon of the expander 103 in which the flow rate of the refrigerant at the relevant portion is reduced. In the following step S6, in order to solve such a problem, only one of the two coaxial compressors 118 (coaxial compressor 118A) included in the compressor unit 102 is started together with the compressor integrated compressor 120.
- the control device 200 controls the opening degree of the second bypass valve 172 based on the temperature Tin of the refrigerant at the inlet of the expander 103 (step S7).
- step S7 the opening degree of the second bypass valve 172 is controlled based on the temperature Tin of the refrigerant at the inlet of the expander 103, so that a part of the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant path 101 passes through the second bypass line 170.
- the middle stage compressor 110B is bypassed therethrough. As a result, the flow rate of the refrigerant supplied to the middle stage compressor 110B increases, and surging in the compressor as described above can be prevented more effectively.
- the opening degree control of the second bypass valve 172 in step S7 may be continuously performed based on the temperature Tin of the refrigerant at the inlet of the expander 103, or may be performed stepwise (step-like). good.
- the rotation speed of may be coordinated and controlled.
- the temperature Tin of the refrigerant at the inlet of the expander 103 can be obtained by a temperature sensor (not shown) installed at the inlet of the expander 103.
- step S7 the first valve 160, the second valve 162 and the third valve 164, the first bypass valve 168 and the third bypass valve 176 are controlled to be in the closed state.
- step S8 when the temperature Tin at the inlet of the expander 103 becomes equal to or lower than the first target value T1 (for example, 180 to 200K ) (step S8: YES), the control device 200 uses the first bypass valve 168, the third bypass valve 176, and the third bypass valve. 1 Valve 160 is open-controlled (step S9).
- the control device 200 determines whether or not there is surging (step S10), and when it is determined that there is surging (step S10: YES), the control device 200 reduces the rotation speed of one of the coaxial compressors 118A activated in step S6. (Step S11).
- the rotation speed of one coaxial compressor 118A controlled in step S11 is the rotation speed at which surging does not occur in each compressor if both of the two coaxial compressors 118 included in the compressor unit 102 are started. It is controlled to decrease to.
- the coaxial compressor 118A may be temporarily stopped.
- step S10 NO
- the rotation speed reduction control in step S11 is not performed.
- the rotation speed is relatively low (for example, when the rotation speed during precooling is low due to restrictions such as the cooling speed of the heat exchanger), surging tends to be less likely to occur. Therefore, depending on the operating conditions, step S11 It is possible to eliminate the need for the reduction control of the rotation speed as in the above.
- the control device 200 opens and controls the first bypass valve 168 and the third bypass valve 176 (step S12), and activates the other coaxial compressor 118B included in the compressor unit 102 (step S13). At this time, the rotation speed of the other coaxial compressor 118B is controlled to be equal to that of the one coaxial compressor 118A whose rotation speed is reduced in step S6. Then, when the pressure conditions of the two coaxial compressors 118 become equivalent (step S14: YES), the control device closes and controls the first bypass valve 168 and the third bypass valve 176 (step S15).
- control device 200 opens and controls the second valve 162 and the third valve 164 to complete the connection of the other coaxial compressor 118B to the refrigerant path 101 (step S16).
- surging occurs in each compressor by starting the other coaxial compressor 118B in a state where the rotation speed of one coaxial compressor 118A started earlier in step S3 is once reduced. While preventing this, it is possible to smoothly shift from one-sided operation by one coaxial compressor 118A to two-sided operation by two coaxial compressors 118A and 118B.
- the control device 200 continues to use the opening degree of the second bypass valve 172 and the coaxial compressor 118 or the expander integrated type based on the temperature Tin of the refrigerant at the inlet of the expander 103 and the cooling rate of the refrigerant in the cold heat recovery heat exchanger 105.
- the precooling operation is advanced while controlling the rotation speed of at least one of the compressor 120.
- the control device 200 closes and controls the second bypass valve 172 (step S18).
- the start control of the series of refrigerating system 100 is completed (step S19).
- the temperature Tin is increased by controlling the number of the coaxial compressors 118 in the activated state to be sequentially increased in accordance with the above control. It can be a desired value.
- the number of starting coaxial compressors 118 is controlled to increase.
- the number of starting coaxial compressors 118 in each stage may be controlled as follows, for example, according to the temperature Tin at the inlet of the expander 103.
- the mass flow rate G of the refrigerant passing through the expander 103 is expressed as a function of the temperature Tin of the refrigerant at the inlet of the expander 103 as follows (here, expansion). It is assumed that the refrigerant passing through the machine 103 is not in the critical state, that is, the nozzle outlet flow rate of the expander 103 has not reached the speed of sound, and the refrigerant is an ideal gas).
- A is the nozzle throat area of the expander 103
- Pin and Pex are the pressures at the inlet and outlet of the expander 103, respectively
- ⁇ is the specific heat ratio of the refrigerant
- R is the gas constant of the ideal gas.
- the compressor unit 102 includes two coaxial compressors 118 as shown in FIG. 1, one of them is used until the temperature Tin at the inlet of the expander 103 reaches the first target value T1 (for example, 180 to 200 K). Efficient precooling can be achieved by starting only the coaxial compressor 118, but the efficiency drops at the second target value T2 (for example, 120 to 200K), so the other coaxial compressor 118 is started and two units are used. It is preferable to drive.
- the number of operating coaxial compressors 118 is changed according to the temperature region in this way, the rotation speed of the started coaxial compressor 1 is temporarily reduced as described above under operating conditions where surging may occur. As a result, it is possible to smoothly shift the number of operating units while preventing the occurrence of surging.
- the refrigerating system 100 including two coaxial compressors 118 for one inflator integrated compressor has been described, but the inflator integrated compressor 120 and the coaxial compressor included in the refrigerating system 100 have been described.
- the number of 118 may be arbitrary.
- some variations of the refrigeration system 100 will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 8.
- the coaxial compressor 118, the inflator integrated compressor 120, the first motor 114A, and the second motor 114B are extracted and shown simply from the refrigeration system 100, and other configurations are shown. The details of the above will be omitted as it follows the above embodiment.
- FIG. 5A-5B are schematic views showing refrigeration systems 100A-1 to 100A-2 including two coaxial compressors 118A and 118B and one inflator integrated compressor 120.
- the first motor 114A-1 for driving the coaxial compressor 118A and the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118B are used.
- the second motor 114B for driving the expander integrated compressor 120 are all common. In this case, by sharing all the first motors 114A and the second motors 114B, the types of motors used in the refrigeration system 100A can be minimized, and the cost and time required for development can be effectively reduced.
- the first motor 114A-1 for driving the coaxial compressor 118A and the second motor 114B for driving the expander integrated compressor 120 are common. Therefore, the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118B is different (different specifications). In this way, while promoting the standardization of the first motor 114A and the second motor 114B used in the refrigeration system 100 as much as possible, by making only some of the motors different specifications, the specifications required for the refrigeration system 100 can be met. It is also possible to respond flexibly.
- FIGS. 6A to 6C are schematic views showing refrigeration systems 100B-1 to 100B-3 including three coaxial compressors 118A, 118B, 118C and one inflator integrated compressor 120.
- the first motor 114A-1 for driving the coaxial compressor 118A the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118B, and the coaxial compressor 118C are driven.
- the first motor 114A-3 for driving the compressor and the second motor 114B for driving the compressor integrated with the expander 120 are all common. In this case, by sharing all the first motors 114A and the second motors 114B, the types of motors used in the refrigeration system 100A can be minimized, and the cost and time required for development can be effectively reduced.
- the first motor 114A-1 for driving the coaxial compressor 118A the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118B, and the inflator integrated compression
- the second motor 114B for driving the machine 120 is common, while the first motor 114A-3 for driving the coaxial compressor 118C is different (different specifications).
- the specifications required for the refrigeration system 100 can be met. It is also possible to respond flexibly.
- the first motor 114A-1 for driving the coaxial compressor 118A and the second motor 114B for driving the expander integrated compressor 120 are common to each other.
- the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118B and the first motor 114A-3 for driving the coaxial compressor 118C are common to each other.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C are schematic views showing refrigeration systems 100C-1 to 100C-3 including three coaxial compressors 118A, 118B, 118C and two expander integrated compressors 120A, 120B. ..
- the first motor 114A-1 for driving the coaxial compressor 118A, the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118B, and the coaxial compressor 118C are driven.
- the first motor 114A-3 for driving the inflator integrated compressor 120A, the second motor 114B-1 for driving the inflator integrated compressor 120A, and the second motor 114B-2 for driving the inflator integrated compressor 120B are all. It is common. In this case, by sharing all the first motors 114A and the second motors 114B, the types of motors used in the refrigeration system 100A can be minimized, and the cost and time required for development can be effectively reduced.
- the first motor 114A-1 for driving the coaxial compressor 118A the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118B, and the expander integrated compressor 120A
- the second motor 114B-1 for driving the compressor and the second motor 114B-2 for driving the compressor integrated compressor 120B are common, while the first motor 118C for driving the coaxial compressor 118C is used.
- Motors 114A-3 are different (different specifications). In this way, while promoting the standardization of the first motor 114A and the second motor 114B used in the refrigeration system 100 as much as possible, by making only some of the motors different specifications, the specifications required for the refrigeration system 100 can be met. It is also possible to respond flexibly.
- the first motor 114A-1 for driving the coaxial compressor 118A the second motor 114B-1 for driving the compressor integrated compressor 120A, and the expander While the second motor 114B-2 for driving the integrated compressor 120B is common to each other, the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118B and the coaxial compressor 118C are driven.
- the first motors 114A-3 of the above are common to each other. As described above, for each motor used in the refrigeration system 100, it is possible to flexibly respond to the specifications required for the refrigeration system 100 by promoting standardization of a plurality of specifications different from each other.
- FIG. 8A-8D are schematic views showing refrigeration systems 100D-1 to 100D-4 including four coaxial compressors 118A, 118B, 118C, 118D and two expander integrated compressors 120A, 120B. ..
- the first motor 114A-1 for driving the coaxial compressor 118A the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118B, and the coaxial compressor 118C are driven.
- the second motor 114B-2 for driving the compressor 120B is all common. In this case, by sharing all the first motors 114A and the second motors 114B, the types of motors used in the refrigeration system 100A can be minimized, and the cost and time required for development can be effectively reduced.
- the first motor 114A-1 for driving the coaxial compressor 118A, the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118B, and the coaxial compressor 118C are driven.
- the first motor 114A-3 for driving the compressor integrated compressor 120A, the second motor 114B-1 for driving the compressor integrated with the expander 120A, and the second motor 114B-2 for driving the compressor integrated with the expander 120B are common.
- the first motor 114A-4 for driving the coaxial compressor 118D is different (different specifications).
- the first motor 114A-1 for driving the coaxial compressor 118A, the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118B, and the compressor integrated compressor 120A are used.
- the second motor 114B-1 for driving the compressor and the second motor 114B-2 for driving the compressor integrated compressor 120B are common to each other, while the second motor 114B-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118C is driven.
- One motor 114A-3 and a first motor 114A-4 for driving the coaxial compressor 118D are common to each other. As described above, for each motor used in the refrigeration system 100, it is possible to flexibly respond to the specifications required for the refrigeration system 100 by promoting standardization of a plurality of specifications different from each other.
- the first motor 114A-1 for driving the coaxial compressor 118A the second motor 114B-1 for driving the compressor integrated compressor 120A, and the expander While the second motor 114B-2 for driving the integrated compressor 120B is common to each other, the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118B and the first motor 114A-2 for driving the coaxial compressor 118C are driven.
- One motor 114A-3 and a first motor 114A-4 for driving the coaxial compressor 118D are common to each other. As described above, for each motor used in the refrigeration system 100, it is possible to flexibly respond to the specifications required for the refrigeration system 100 by promoting standardization of a plurality of specifications different from each other.
- the freezing system is A refrigeration system using a Brayton cycle that generates cold heat using a refrigerant compressed by a compressor unit (for example, the compressor unit 102 of the above embodiment) arranged on a refrigerant path (for example, the refrigerant path 101 of the above embodiment).
- the compressor unit is A plurality of compressors arranged in parallel with each other with respect to the refrigerant path (for example, a plurality of coaxial compressors 118 of the above embodiment) and A plurality of first motors (for example, a plurality of first motors 114A of the above embodiment) for driving each of the plurality of compressors, and a plurality of first motors 114A.
- An expander-integrated compressor for example, an expander-integrated compression of the above-described embodiment
- An expander capable of expanding the refrigerant compressed by the compressor unit for example, the expander 103 of the above-described embodiment.
- Machine 120 and A second motor for driving the expander-integrated compressor (for example, the second motor 114B of the above embodiment) and Including
- the plurality of compressors has a larger number than the compressor integrated compressor.
- a plurality of first motors for driving each of the plurality of compressors included in the compressor unit and a second motor for driving the compressor integrated compressor are common. It becomes. As a result, the types of motors used in the refrigeration system can be reduced, and the cost and time required for development can be effectively reduced.
- the term "common" between the plurality of first motors and the second motor means that the plurality of first motors and the second motor are separate motors, and at least a part of the specifications. Means that they have in common. Having the same specifications may mean, for example, that at least a part of the output, rotation speed, and dimensions of the motor is the same, or that they can be replaced with each other, or other than the motor. It may mean that the designs are the same to the extent that they do not affect the assembly of the parts.
- a control device for controlling the plurality of compressors (for example, the control device 200 of the above embodiment) is provided.
- the control device controls the plurality of compressors so as to operate a part of the plurality of compressors based on the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet of the expander when the refrigeration system is started. ..
- control device controls so as to reduce the rotation speed of the compressor in the activated state, and then controls to change the number of activated units of the plurality of compressors.
- the refrigerant path is a bypass line configured to bypass the upstream side and the downstream side of the compressor (for example, the middle stage compressor 110B of the above embodiment) included in the inflator integrated compressor (for example, the first of the above embodiments). 2 bypass line 170) and A bypass valve provided on the bypass line (for example, the second bypass valve 172 of the above embodiment) is provided.
- the bypass valve is controlled so that the flow rate of the refrigerant in the compressor of the compressor integrated side compressor becomes a predetermined value or more based on the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet of the expander.
- the opening degree of the bypass valve is controlled and the compressor integrated with the expander is used. Surging can be prevented by ensuring the refrigerant flow rate in the compressor to be equal to or higher than a predetermined value.
- the cooling speed of the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant path is made substantially constant by coordinating the rotation speed of the compressor or the compressor integrated compressor together with the opening degree control of the bypass valve. .. This makes it possible to adjust / correct the cooling rate and accurately control the refrigerant temperature during the precooling period from the start-up to the normal operation.
- Each of the plurality of compressors is a coaxial compressor (for example, the coaxial compressor 118 of the above embodiment) including a plurality of compressors connected in series to the refrigerant path.
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Abstract
Description
冷媒経路上に配置された圧縮機ユニットによって圧縮された冷媒を用いて冷熱を発生させるブレイトンサイクルを利用した冷凍システムであって、
前記圧縮機ユニットは、
前記冷媒経路に対して互いに並列に配置された複数台の圧縮機と、
前記複数台の圧縮機をそれぞれ駆動するための複数の第1モータと、
前記圧縮機ユニットで圧縮された前記冷媒を膨張可能な膨張機と一体的に構成された膨張機一体型圧縮機と、
前記膨張機一体型圧縮機を駆動するための第2モータと、
を含み、
前記複数台の圧縮機は、前記膨張機一体型圧縮機より多い台数を有する。
ただし、これらの実施形態に記載されている又は図面に示されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状及びその相対的配置等は、本発明の範囲をこれに限定する趣旨ではなく、単なる説明例にすぎない。
例えば、「ある方向に」、「ある方向に沿って」、「平行」、「直交」、「中心」、「同心」或いは「同軸」等の相対的或いは絶対的な配置を表す表現は、厳密にそのような配置を表すのみならず、公差、若しくは、同じ機能が得られる程度の角度や距離をもって相対的に変位している状態も表すものとする。
例えば、「同一」、「等しい」及び「均質」等の物事が等しい状態であることを表す表現は、厳密に等しい状態を表すのみならず、公差、若しくは、同じ機能が得られる程度の差が存在している状態も表すものとする。
例えば、四角形状や円筒形状等の形状を表す表現は、幾何学的に厳密な意味での四角形状や円筒形状等の形状を表すのみならず、同じ効果が得られる範囲で、凹凸部や面取り部等を含む形状も表すものとする。
一方、一つの構成要素を「備える」、「具える」、「具備する」、「含む」、又は「有する」という表現は、他の構成要素の存在を除外する排他的な表現ではない。
コールドボックス109は、例えば内外表面間に真空の断熱層を有することにより、外部からの熱侵入を防止し、コールドボックス109内に収容される膨張機103、冷却部104及び冷熱回収熱交換器105における熱損失を低減する。一方で、冷凍システム100のうち圧縮機ユニット102は、比較的高温な冷媒が流れるため、上述のコールドボックス109の外部に配置されている。
尚、圧縮機ユニット102における圧縮段数は任意でもよい。
尚、スラスト磁気軸受126-1及びアキシャルロータディスク127-1は、高段圧縮機110C及び第1モータ114Aの間に設けられてもよい。また本実施形態では、アキシャルロータディスク127-1は主に流体摩擦損失を抑制するために第1モータ114Aの一方の側に設けられているが、第1モータ114Aの出力軸116Aの外径が大きい場合には、組み立て上の理由等により、両側に設けられていてもよい。
尚、スラスト磁気軸受126-2及びアキシャルロータディスク127-2は、膨張機103及び第2モータ114Bの間に設けられてもよい。また本実施形態では、アキシャルロータディスク127-2は主に流体摩擦損失を抑制するために第2モータ114Bの一方の側に設けられているが、第2モータ114Bの出力軸116Bの外径が大きい場合には、組み立て上の理由等により、両側に設けられていてもよい。
尚、第3ライン148A、148Bには、それぞれ前述の熱交換器112Aが設けられる。
尚、第7ライン156A,156Bには、それぞれ前述の熱交換器112Cが設けられる。
尚、圧力差ΔPが閾値ΔP1より大きい場合には(ステップS4:NO)、制御装置200は制御をステップS2に戻す。
尚、ステップS11では一方の同軸圧縮機118Aの回転数を減少した結果、一時的に停止状態にしてもよい。またサージングが無いと判定された場合には(ステップS10:NO)、ステップS11における回転数の減少制御は実施されない。例えば、回転数が比較的低い場合(例えば、熱交換器の冷却速度などの制限によって予冷時の回転数が低い場合)にはサージングが発生しにくい傾向があるため、運転条件によっては、ステップS11のような回転数の減少制御は不要とすることができる。
D=G/R (2)
尚、図5~図8では冷凍システム100のうち同軸圧縮機118、膨張機一体型圧縮機120、第1モータ114A、第2モータ114Bが抽出して簡易的に示されており、その他の構成については上記実施形態に倣うものとして詳述は省略する。
冷媒経路(例えば上記実施形態の冷媒経路101)上に配置された圧縮機ユニット(例えば上記実施形態の圧縮機ユニット102)によって圧縮された冷媒を用いて冷熱を発生させるブレイトンサイクルを利用した冷凍システム(例えば上記実施形態の冷凍システム100)であって、
前記圧縮機ユニットは、
前記冷媒経路に対して互いに並列に配置された複数台の圧縮機(例えば上記実施形態の複数の同軸圧縮機118)と、
前記複数台の圧縮機をそれぞれ駆動するための複数の第1モータ(例えば上記実施形態の複数の第1モータ114A)と、
前記圧縮機ユニットで圧縮された前記冷媒を膨張可能な膨張機(例えば上記実施形態の膨張機103)と一体的に構成された膨張機一体型圧縮機(例えば上記実施形態の膨張機一体型圧縮機120)と、
前記膨張機一体型圧縮機を駆動するための第2モータ(例えば上記実施形態の第2モータ114B)と、
を含み、
前記複数台の圧縮機は、前記膨張機一体型圧縮機より多い台数を有する。
前記複数の第1モータ及び前記第2モータは共通である。
前記複数台の圧縮機を制御するための制御装置(例えば上記実施形態の制御装置200)を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記冷凍システムの起動時に、前記膨張機の入口における前記冷媒の温度に基づいて、前記複数台の圧縮機の一部を動作するように、前記複数台の圧縮機を制御する。
前記制御装置は、起動状態にある前記圧縮機の回転数を減少するように制御した後、前記複数台の圧縮機の起動台数を変更するように制御する。
前記冷媒経路は、前記膨張機一体型圧縮機が有する圧縮機(例えば上記実施形態の中段圧縮機110B)の上流側及び下流側をバイパスするように構成されたバイパスライン(例えば上記実施形態の第2バイパスライン170)と、
前記バイパスライン上に設けられたバイパスバルブ(例えば上記実施形態の第2バイパスバルブ172)と
を備える。
前記バイパスバルブは、前記膨張機の入口における前記冷媒の温度に基づいて、前記膨張機一体側圧縮機が有する圧縮機における前記冷媒の流量が所定値以上になるように制御される。
前記冷媒の冷却速度が略一定になるように、前記圧縮機又は前記膨張機一体型圧縮機の回転数が前記バイパスバルブの開度と協調制御される。
前記複数台の圧縮機の各々は、前記冷媒経路に対して直列接続された複数の圧縮機を含む同軸圧縮機(例えば上記実施形態の同軸圧縮機118)である。
101 冷媒経路
102 圧縮機ユニット(110A,110B,110C)
103 膨張機
104 冷却部
105 冷熱回収熱交換器
106 超電導機器
107 冷媒経路
108 ポンプ
109 コールドボックス
110 圧縮機
110A 低段圧縮機
110B 中段圧縮機
110C 高段圧縮機
112(112A,112B,112C) 熱交換器
114A 第1モータ
114B 第2モータ
116A,116B 出力軸
118(118A,118B) 同軸圧縮機
120 膨張機一体型圧縮機
122-1,122-2 ラジアル磁気軸受
126 スラスト磁気軸受
127-1,127-2 アキシャルロータディスク
128 ケーシング
130 モータケーシング
132-1 低段圧縮機用インペラケーシング
132-2 中段圧縮機用インペラケーシング
132-3 高段圧縮機用インペラケーシング
134-1 膨張機用インペラケーシング
136A,136B ロータ
138A,138B ステータ
140A,140B,140C,142 インペラ
144 第1ライン
146A,146B 第2ライン
148A,148B 第3ライン
150 第4ライン
152 第5ライン
154A,154B 第6ライン
156A,156B 第7ライン
158 第8ライン
160 第1バルブ
162 第2バルブ
164 第3バルブ
166 第1バイパスライン
168 第1バイパスバルブ
170 第2バイパスライン
172 第2バイパスバルブ
174 第3バイパスライン
176 第3バイパスバルブ
178 高圧冷媒ライン
180 低圧冷媒ライン
182 第4バイパスライン
184 バッファタンク
186 第4バルブ
188 第5バルブ
200 制御装置
Claims (8)
- 冷媒経路上に配置された圧縮機ユニットによって圧縮された冷媒を用いて冷熱を発生させるブレイトンサイクルを利用した冷凍システムであって、
前記圧縮機ユニットは、
前記冷媒経路に対して互いに並列に配置された複数台の圧縮機と、
前記複数台の圧縮機をそれぞれ駆動するための複数の第1モータと、
前記圧縮機ユニットで圧縮された前記冷媒を膨張可能な膨張機と一体的に構成された膨張機一体型圧縮機と、
前記膨張機一体型圧縮機を駆動するための第2モータと、
を含み、
前記複数台の圧縮機は、前記膨張機一体型圧縮機より多い台数を有する、冷凍システム。 - 前記複数の第1モータ及び前記第2モータは共通である請求項1に記載の冷凍システム。
- 前記複数台の圧縮機を制御するための制御装置を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記冷凍システムの起動時に、前記膨張機の入口における前記冷媒の温度に基づいて、前記複数台の圧縮機の一部を動作するように、前記複数台の圧縮機を制御する、請求項1又は2に記載の冷凍システム。 - 前記制御装置は、起動状態にある前記圧縮機の回転数を減少するように制御した後、前記複数台の圧縮機の起動台数を変更するように制御する、請求項3に記載の冷凍システム。
- 前記冷媒経路は、前記膨張機一体型圧縮機が有する圧縮機の上流側及び下流側をバイパスするように構成されたバイパスラインと、
前記バイパスライン上に設けられたバイパスバルブと
を備える、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍システム。 - 前記バイパスバルブは、前記膨張機の入口における前記冷媒の温度に基づいて、膨張機一体側圧縮機が有する圧縮機における前記冷媒の流量が所定値以上になる、請求項5に記載の冷凍システム。
- 前記冷媒の冷却速度が略一定になるように、前記圧縮機又は前記膨張機一体型圧縮機の回転数が前記バイパスバルブの開度と協調制御される、請求項6に記載の冷凍システム。
- 前記複数台の圧縮機の各々は、前記冷媒経路に対して直列接続された複数の圧縮機を含む同軸圧縮機である、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍システム。
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20100071391A1 (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2010-03-25 | Carrier Corporation | Co2 refrigerant system with tandem compressors, expander and economizer |
WO2010143343A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-16 | パナソニック株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
WO2011135805A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-03 | パナソニック株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP2014219125A (ja) * | 2013-05-02 | 2014-11-20 | 株式会社前川製作所 | 冷凍システム |
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US20100071391A1 (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2010-03-25 | Carrier Corporation | Co2 refrigerant system with tandem compressors, expander and economizer |
WO2010143343A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-16 | パナソニック株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
WO2011135805A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-03 | パナソニック株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
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