WO2022117055A1 - 用于电池包的限位件、定位组件、电池包、电池包总成、电动汽车 - Google Patents

用于电池包的限位件、定位组件、电池包、电池包总成、电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022117055A1
WO2022117055A1 PCT/CN2021/135178 CN2021135178W WO2022117055A1 WO 2022117055 A1 WO2022117055 A1 WO 2022117055A1 CN 2021135178 W CN2021135178 W CN 2021135178W WO 2022117055 A1 WO2022117055 A1 WO 2022117055A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
limiting
battery pack
casing
positioning assembly
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/135178
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
黄春华
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202011408661.XA external-priority patent/CN114590136A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202011407805.XA external-priority patent/CN114643848A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202011402976.3A external-priority patent/CN114597562A/zh
Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Publication of WO2022117055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022117055A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, in particular to a limiter for a battery pack, a positioning component, a battery pack, a battery pack assembly, and an electric vehicle.
  • An electric vehicle has a battery pack, and the battery body in the battery pack is used as a power source for the electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack is installed on the frame of the car through the battery holder, and the two are kept fixed during daily use. When replacing the battery, the battery pack that has lost power needs to be removed from the battery holder, and then the fully charged battery pack is installed in the battery.
  • the stability of the battery pack and its alignment with the frame are particularly important, otherwise the main body of the battery pack will be easily damaged.
  • the reliability between the battery pack and the battery holder is also very important. In the prior art, the stability of the battery pack during installation and the reliability between the battery pack and the battery holder after installation need to be improved.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a limiter, a positioning assembly, a battery pack, a battery pack assembly, and an electric vehicle for battery packs in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
  • a positioning assembly is a limiting device for a battery pack, the positioning assembly comprising:
  • a housing which has an accommodating cavity and a limiting hole, and the limiting hole is located on the mounting surface of the housing;
  • a limiting piece which is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the first end of the limiting piece protrudes from the limiting hole and has a limiting surface;
  • the mounting surface and/or the limiting surface is provided with an accommodating groove recessed toward the accommodating cavity for storing the lubricating medium.
  • the positioning assembly further includes an elastic mechanism, the elastic mechanism is press-set in the accommodating cavity by the limiting member, and the elastic mechanism applies the limiting member to abut against the shell
  • the force of the body, the limiting member and the casing are floatingly connected.
  • a positioning assembly is a guide and limiting device for a battery pack, and the positioning assembly includes:
  • the shell has an accommodating cavity and a limit hole
  • An elastic mechanism and a limiter, the elastic mechanism and the limiter are arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the side of the limiter facing away from the elastic mechanism has a pass through and protrudes from the limiter
  • the protruding part of the hole, the elastic mechanism is press-fitted in the accommodating cavity by the limiting member and the housing, and the limiting member and the housing are floatingly connected by the elastic mechanism.
  • the elastic mechanism includes an elastic sheet, and two ends of the elastic sheet are respectively abutted against the limiting member and the housing; wherein, the elastic mechanism has one elastic sheet, or the elastic mechanism has a plurality of spaced-distributed elastic sheets. the shrapnel;
  • the elastic mechanism includes an elastic rubber block, two ends of the elastic rubber block abut against the limiting member and the housing respectively;
  • the elastic mechanism includes an elastic member, and the elastic member is any one or more of a coil spring, a disc spring and a pagoda spring.
  • a limiting protrusion for radially limiting the elastic mechanism is fixed in the housing, and the elastic mechanism is sleeved or inserted into the limiting protrusion;
  • the limiting member has a limiting ring, and the elastic mechanism is sleeved or inserted into the limiting ring;
  • the limiting member has a limiting groove, and the elastic mechanism is snapped into the limiting groove.
  • a side of the limiting member facing the elastic mechanism has a limiting matching portion, and the limiting matching portion is one or more of a limiting protrusion, a limiting ring and a limiting groove.
  • the first end of the limiting member has a protruding portion passing through and protruding from the limiting hole, the limiting hole matches the shape of the protruding portion, and the shape of the protruding portion is The periphery is in contact with the inner wall surface of the limiting hole, and the limiting surface is located on the end surface of the protruding portion.
  • a side of the limiting member facing the elastic mechanism is provided with a plurality of concave portions, and a strip-shaped rib is provided between the plurality of concave portions.
  • the limit matching portion on the side of the limiter facing the elastic mechanism is an annular rib
  • the elastic mechanism is inserted or sleeved on the annular rib
  • a number of blinds are arranged in the annular rib. hole.
  • the radius of the blind hole gradually decreases outward from the center of the annular rib.
  • the strip-shaped rib connects the annular rib and the side wall of the concave portion.
  • the limiting hole matches the shape of the protruding portion, and the periphery of the protruding portion abuts against the inner wall surface of the limiting hole or a gap of 0.5-5 mm is reserved.
  • the protruding portion has a limiting surface and a limiting guide surface inclined from the top of the protruding portion to the limiting surface.
  • the housing has a housing guide surface, the housing guide surface gradually extends from the top end of the housing toward the mounting surface on the housing with the limiting hole, and is inclined relative to the mounting surface.
  • the housing includes:
  • the outer shell has an outer shell guide surface and the limiting hole, the outer shell covers the inner shell and is detachably connected with the inner shell.
  • the housing has:
  • the first main board has the limiting hole
  • the inner shell has:
  • One end of the second enclosure is connected to the periphery of the second main board.
  • the first enclosure of the outer shell is provided with a snap hole
  • the second enclosure of the inner shell is provided with a snap block
  • the snap block has a guide surface, a transition surface and a sequential connection. a clamping surface, one end of the guide surface is connected to the second enclosure of the inner shell, the transition surface is parallel to the second enclosure of the inner shell, and the clamping surface is perpendicular to and connected to the second enclosure of the inner shell;
  • a first enclosure plate of the outer casing is provided with a clamping block
  • a second enclosure plate of the inner casing is provided with a clamping hole
  • the clamping block is clamped in the clamping hole
  • the casing has a long side and a short side, and the clamping hole or the clamping block is provided on the first enclosure plate on the short side of the casing.
  • the four sides of the casing guide surface are respectively connected to the three side faces of the casing and the end face of the casing;
  • one end of the limiting member protruding from the limiting hole has a limiting surface, and the inclination angle of the housing guide surface relative to the limiting surface is less than 45°;
  • both the outer shell and the inner shell are provided with a drainage hole communicating with the accommodating cavity and the outside, and the drainage hole is located at an end opposite to the guide surface of the outer shell;
  • the positioning assembly further includes an elastic mechanism that is pressed and arranged in the accommodating cavity by the limiting member, and the middle portion of the inner shell has a limiting protrusion recessed toward the inner cavity, for the elastic mechanism is radially limited;
  • the inner shell has a plurality of threaded posts protruding toward the inner cavity, the threaded posts have threaded holes, and the threaded holes are through holes;
  • the inner shell is provided with a plurality of inner shell mounting surfaces, and the inner shell groove is provided with an inner shell groove recessed toward the inner cavity in the region avoiding the inner shell mounting surface on the inner shell;
  • one end of the inner shell corresponding to the outer shell guide surface has an outer shell groove recessed toward the outer shell;
  • the inner shell is provided with an inclined transition surface, and one end of the inner shell corresponding to the guide surface of the outer shell is recessed toward the inner cavity, and is connected to the inner shell installation surface through the inclined transition surface;
  • a side portion of the inner shell is cut with a groove for giving way to the guide surface of the outer shell.
  • the limiting member further includes a base accommodated in the accommodating cavity, the protruding portion is provided on the base and protrudes relative to the surface of the base, and the surface of the base is different from the surface of the base.
  • the inner surface of the casing is in contact with each other.
  • the surface of the limiting member is provided with a vacating groove for vacating the accommodating groove on the mounting surface.
  • an accommodating groove is provided on the end surface of the limiting member protruding from the limiting hole and/or on the end surface of the housing having the mounting hole, and the accommodating groove is used for storing the lubricating medium.
  • the mounting surface is provided with the accommodating grooves, and each of the accommodating grooves is arranged around the limiting hole;
  • one end of the limiting member protruding from the limiting hole has a limiting surface, the limiting surface is provided with a plurality of the accommodating grooves, and the accommodating grooves are arranged at intervals;
  • At least part of the accommodating groove is circular
  • the side wall of the accommodating groove is enclosed into a closed ring, and the radius of the opening of the ring is larger than the radius of the bottom of the accommodating groove;
  • the lowest point at the opening of the accommodating groove is higher than the lowest point at the bottom of the accommodating groove
  • At least part of the accommodating grooves are waist-shaped.
  • a battery pack comprising a battery pack body, a battery pack limiting device according to any one of the above, and a battery pack guide limiting device according to any one of the above, wherein the battery pack body has a side mounting surface, so The limiting device for the battery pack and the guide limiting device for the battery pack are respectively mounted on the side mounting surface.
  • the height of the guide limiting device for the battery pack above the side mounting surface is greater than the projected length of the casing guide surface located on the casing on the casing.
  • a battery pack assembly comprising a battery holder and the battery pack according to any one of the above, the end of the casing opposite to the limiting hole is detachably connected to the battery pack; the battery pack is installed When reaching the battery fixing seat, the battery fixing seat is guided to the limiting member via the casing guide surface on the casing and then abuts against the limiting member.
  • An electric vehicle includes the above-mentioned battery pack assembly.
  • the battery holder has side positioning surfaces corresponding to the side mounting surfaces one-to-one, and a plurality of the positioning components are arranged between the side mounting surfaces and the side positioning surfaces at intervals.
  • the thickness of the casing is c
  • the thickness of the limiting member in a natural state is d
  • the gap between the side mounting surface of the battery pack and the side positioning surface of the battery holder is e
  • two guide and limit devices for battery packs are fixed in the length direction of each of the side mounting surfaces, and the two guide and limit devices for battery packs are located at both ends of the side mounting surface; and/or ,
  • One or more limiting devices for the battery pack are fixed in the length direction of the side mounting surface, and the one or more limiting devices for the battery pack are located in the middle of the side mounting surface.
  • the limit member has a limit surface and a limit guide surface, and the limit guide surface is used to guide the limit surface to abut against the side positioning surface.
  • the guide limiting surface is inclined toward the limiting surface from the top of the limiting member, and the inclination angle formed by the limiting guide surface and the limiting surface is not more than 45°.
  • the positioning assembly includes an elastic mechanism
  • the limiting member includes a protruding portion and a base accommodated in the accommodating cavity, the protruding portion protrudes from the base and is located on the base In the middle part of the stopper, in the natural state of the limiting member, the base abuts against the housing under the action of the elastic mechanism.
  • the casing has a plurality of threaded posts protruding toward the accommodating cavity, the battery pack is connected to the positioning assembly through fasteners, and the fasteners pass through the threaded posts and are threaded therewith connect.
  • the casing includes an inner casing and an outer casing, the outer casing covers the inner casing and is detachably connected to the inner casing, and one end of the limiting member protruding from the limiting hole has a limit plane, where:
  • One end of the outer shell away from the limiting surface has gaps, and each gap is distributed at a corner of the outer shell; and/or, the inner shell has gaps at the first end close to the limiting surface, and each gap is distributed inside corner of the shell.
  • the end surface of the end of the limiting member protruding from the limiting hole includes a limiting surface, the limiting surface is a plane, and the end surface of the end of the housing corresponding to the limiting surface for the plane.
  • an end surface of the end of the housing corresponding to the limiting surface has a housing mounting surface, and a housing groove recessed toward the accommodating cavity is provided at a position avoiding the housing mounting surface, so The housing mounting surface is used for abutting with the side positioning surface.
  • a limiting member for a battery pack the first end of the limiting member has a limiting surface, and the limiting surface is provided with a accommodating groove for storing a lubricating medium.
  • the lowest point at the opening of the accommodating groove is higher than the lowest point at the bottom of the accommodating groove.
  • the floating connection between the casing and the elastic member can be realized, which can not only ensure the smooth installation of the battery pack and the battery holder, avoid jamming, but also reduce the installation process.
  • the battery pack is required to be aligned, which is beneficial to improve the installation efficiency.
  • an accommodating groove is provided on the mounting surface and/or the limiting surface, and the accommodating groove is used to store the lubricating medium.
  • a positioning assembly is arranged on the side mounting surface of the battery pack body. During the installation process, the positioning assembly forms a guiding relationship with the battery holder, which improves the stability of the battery pack, avoids the jamming situation, and protects the battery pack body. , After installation, the positioning assembly and the battery holder are in contact with each other, so as to realize the reliable connection between the battery pack and the battery holder.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery pack assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a battery pack assembly in an installed state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a positioning assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a state comparison diagram of the positioning assembly of the present invention before and after installation, wherein the left side is the diagram before installation, and the right side is the diagram after installation;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a limiting member according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a limiting member according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a limiting member according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is an exploded view of a positioning assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a casing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a casing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a casing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is an exploded view of a guide limiting device for a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 17 is another exploded view of the guide limiting device for the battery pack shown in Fig. 16;
  • FIG. 18 is an exploded view of a guide limiting device for a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 19 is another exploded view of the guide limiting device for the battery pack shown in Fig. 18;
  • FIG. 20 is an exploded view of a guide limiting device for a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 21 is another exploded view of the guide limiting device for the battery pack shown in Fig. 20;
  • FIG. 22 is an exploded view of a limiting device for a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is another exploded view of the limiting device for the battery pack shown in FIG. 22;
  • FIG. 24 is an exploded view of a limiting device for a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 25 is another exploded view of the limiting device for the battery pack shown in FIG. 24 .
  • Battery pack assembly 1000 battery pack 100 , battery pack body 1 , side mounting surface 11 , positioning assembly 2 , housing 21 , accommodating cavity 211 , limiting hole 212 , limiting protrusion 213 , accommodating slot 214 , inner shell 215 , housing 216, inner cavity 217, drain hole 218, snap hole 219, snap block 2110, guide surface 2111, transition surface 2112, snap surface 2113, mounting surface 2114, housing mounting surface 2115, housing groove 2116, housing Guide surface 2117, notch 2118, first main board 2119, first enclosure plate 2120, threaded post 2121, inner case mounting surface 2122, inner case groove 2123, second main board 2124, second enclosure plate 2125, guide limiter for battery pack Positioning device 2126, limiting device 2127 for battery pack, inclined transition surface 2128, limiting member 22, raised portion 221, limiting surface 222, limiting ring 223, recessed portion 224, strip rib 225, limiting Guide surface 226 , base 227 , annular rib 228 ,
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle, which has a battery pack assembly 1000 disposed on a frame.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a battery pack assembly 1000, which is applied to the electric vehicle involved in the above embodiments.
  • the battery pack assembly 1000 includes a battery pack 100 and a battery holder 3 .
  • the battery holder 3 is used to install the battery pack 100 on the vehicle frame, and a space for placing the battery pack 100 is provided in the middle of the battery holder 3 .
  • the battery pack 100 includes a battery pack body 1 and a positioning module.
  • the battery pack body 1 has a side mounting surface 11 , and any one of the front, rear, left and right sides of the battery pack body 1 can be the side mounting surface 11 ;
  • the battery holder 3 has a side positioning surface corresponding to the side mounting surface 11 . face 31.
  • the positioning module is detachably connected to the battery pack body 1 and is located on the two side mounting surfaces 11 .
  • the positioning module can be arranged on two oppositely arranged side mounting surfaces 11 , and the battery holder 3 has two side positioning surfaces 31 corresponding to the side mounting surfaces 11 one-to-one.
  • the outer side of the side mounting surface 11 is convenient for the battery pack 100 to remain stable during the process of installing the battery pack 100 to the battery holder 3 .
  • the positioning module is first fixed on the side mounting surface 11, the positioning module and the side positioning surface 31 form a guiding relationship, and the positioning module and the side positioning surface 31 gradually fit and slide relative to each other.
  • the battery pack body 1 is fixed on the battery holder 3 .
  • the positioning module and the side positioning surface 31 are in contact with each other, so that the battery pack body 1 is stably positioned on the battery pack body 1 . on the battery holder 3.
  • the positioning module includes a plurality of positioning assemblies 2 arranged at intervals on the side mounting surface 11 , so as to improve the positioning of the battery pack 100 and the battery holder 3 As a result, the stability of the two is improved, and the battery pack 100 is not shaken left and right due to the gap between the battery pack 100 and the battery holder 3 during the driving of the electric vehicle, which affects the stability and safety of the battery pack 100 installation.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a positioning assembly 2, which is applied to the above-mentioned battery pack 100.
  • the following description will be described with reference to the positioning assembly 2 and its application in the battery pack 100 and the battery pack assembly 1000.
  • the positioning assembly 2 includes a housing 21 and a limiting member 22 .
  • the housing 21 has an accommodating cavity 211 and a limiting hole 212
  • the limiting member 22 is disposed in the accommodating cavity 211
  • one end of the limiting member 22 protrudes from the limiting hole 212 .
  • the casing 21 is fixed on the side mounting surface 11 , one end of the limiting member 22 protruding from the limiting hole 212 is pressed against the side positioning surface 31 , and the other end and the casing 21 are directly or indirectly pressed against each other, so that the battery pack is pressed against each other.
  • the main body 1 is stably connected to the battery holder 3 .
  • the positioning assembly 2 further includes an elastic mechanism 23 .
  • the side of the limiting member 22 facing away from the elastic mechanism 23 has a convex portion 221 passing through and protruding from the limiting hole 212 .
  • the end of the protruding portion 221 extending out of the limiting hole 212 is the protruding end, and the protruding end has the limiting surface 222, or it can be understood that the end face of the protruding portion has the limiting surface 222;
  • the elastic mechanism 23 is pressed into the accommodating cavity 211 by the limiting member 22 and the housing 21, and has an elastic force perpendicular to the side positioning surface 31 or the limiting surface 222, and the elastic mechanism 23 is pressed by the limiting member 22 and the housing 21 is pressed into the accommodating cavity 211, so that when the battery pack body 1 is fixed on the battery holder 3, the elastic mechanism 23 can buffer the casing 21 and the limiting member 22 to achieve a floating connection to avoid hard contact.
  • the thickness of the casing 21 is c, and the thickness of the limiting member 22 protruding from the surface of the casing 21 in a natural state is d.
  • the natural state here is that the limiting member 22 has not been clamped on The state between the side positioning surface 31 and the side mounting surface 11 .
  • the excess is f, and the interference here is interpreted as the amount of compression of the protruding portion 221 after the battery pack body 1 with the positioning module is installed on the battery holder 3 .
  • c+d e+f
  • f is any value between 0.1mm-2mm.
  • the elastic mechanism 23 includes elastic pieces, and both ends of the elastic pieces abut against the limiting member 22 and the housing 21 respectively; wherein the elastic mechanism 23 has one elastic piece, or the elastic mechanism 23 has multiple elastic pieces distributed at intervals.
  • the floating connection between the limiter 22 and the casing 21 is realized by the elastic sheet, thereby realizing the floating connection between the battery pack body 1 and the battery pack holder 3, and the interference can be controlled within a large range, and the battery pack body 1 can be quickly installed on the battery holder 3, the elastic effect of the shrapnel is good, and it is not easy to deform and fail, which is beneficial to ensure the reliability of the connection between the battery pack body 1 and the battery holder 3.
  • the elastic mechanism 23 includes an elastic rubber block, and both ends of the elastic rubber block abut against the limiting member 22 and the housing 21 respectively.
  • the floating connection between the limiter 22 and the casing 21 is realized by the rubber block, thereby realizing the floating connection between the battery pack main body 1 and the battery pack fixing seat 3.
  • the rubber block is relatively hard, and the interference can be controlled to be small. Within the range of , the connection between the battery pack body 1 and the battery holder 3 is relatively stable.
  • the elastic mechanism 23 includes an elastic member 231, and the elastic member 231 is any one or more of a coil spring, a disc spring and a pagoda spring.
  • the coil spring, the disc spring and the pagoda spring can improve the uniformity of the force of the limiter 22, so that the deformation of the limiter 22 is relatively stable, and the limit The component 22 is unbalanced by force and is partially obliquely stuck in the limiting hole 212 .
  • a limiting protrusion 213 for radially limiting the elastic mechanism 23 is fixed in the housing 21 , and the elastic mechanism 23 is sleeved or inserted into the housing 21 . in the limiting protrusion 213 . Further, the elastic mechanism 23 selects the above-mentioned elastic member 231, one end of the elastic member 231 is inserted or sleeved on the limiting protrusion 213, and the limiting protrusion 213 positions and guides the elastic member 231, avoiding the use process. The situation in which the direction of the elastic force changes due to the play of the elastic member 231 .
  • the limiting member 22 has a limiting ring 223 , and the elastic mechanism 23 is sleeved or inserted into the limiting ring 223 . Further, the elastic mechanism 23 selects the above-mentioned elastic member 231, and one end of the elastic member 231 is inserted or sleeved on the limit ring 223, and the limit ring 223 positions and guides the elastic member 231, so as to avoid elasticity during use. The movement of the piece 231 causes the direction of the elastic force to change.
  • the limiting member 22 has a limiting groove
  • the elastic mechanism 23 is snapped into the limiting groove
  • the limiting groove positions and guides the elastic member 231 .
  • the side of the limiter 22 facing the elastic mechanism 23 has a limit matching portion, and the limit matching portion is used to limit and/or locate and/or guide the elastic mechanism 23, so as to improve the performance of the elastic mechanism 23.
  • the limit matching portion is one or more of the limit protrusion structure, the annular limit structure or the limit groove, and the limit protrusion structure at this position is facing outward relative to the end surface of the limit member 22
  • the protruding structure, where the ring-shaped limiting structure is a structure of synthetic rings around it.
  • a plurality of concave portions 224 are provided on the side of the limiting member 22 with the position-limiting matching portion, and strip-shaped ribs 225 are provided between the plurality of concave portions 224. , which ensures the rigidity and strength of the limiting portion while saving materials, and is less prone to defects such as stacking in the molding process.
  • the first end of the protruding portion 221 (ie, the first end of the limiting member) further has a limiting guide surface 226 inclined with respect to the limiting surface 222 for guiding the limiting surface 222 to the same position as the limiting surface 222 .
  • the side positioning surfaces 31 are in contact with each other; wherein, the limit guide surface 226 is located on the end surface of the convex portion 221 facing the side positioning surface 31 , and the limit guide surface 226 is inclined from the top of the convex portion 221 to the limit surface 222 .
  • the limiting guide surface 226 is used to guide the limiting surface 222 to abut against the side positioning surface 31 , thereby preventing the battery pack body 1 from aligning accurately. It is not allowed to cause the battery pack main body 1 and the battery pack holder 3 to collide with each other.
  • the inclination angle formed by the limiting guide surface 226 and the limiting surface 222 is not more than 45°, so as to facilitate the smooth transition of the battery pack body 1 and the battery fixing seat 3 to realize the installation.
  • the limiting member 22 further includes a base 227 accommodated in the accommodating cavity 211 .
  • the protruding portion 221 protrudes from the base 227 and is located in the middle of the base 227 .
  • the inner wall surfaces of the limiting holes 212 are abutted to obtain higher stability, or a gap of 0.5-5 mm is reserved to obtain a certain adjustable margin to reduce the jamming situation.
  • one end of the limiting member 22 close to the elastic mechanism 23 has the above-mentioned concave portion 224, and the limiting member 22 also has a plurality of rib positions arranged in the concave portion 224;
  • the strip-shaped rib 225 and the annular rib 228 can be the same as the above-mentioned limit ring 223 or limit groove.
  • the annular rib 228 is provided with a plurality of blind holes 229, and the radius of the blind holes 229 gradually decreases from the center of the annular rib 228 to the outside, and the formation of these blind holes 229 reduces the undesirable phenomenon in the molding process.
  • the elastic mechanism 23 is inserted into or sleeved into the annular rib 228 .
  • each strip-shaped rib 225 is respectively connected to the annular rib 228 and the side wall of the concave portion 224, and the strip-shaped rib 225 is arranged around the annular rib 228, which improves the strength of the annular rib 228 and the strength of the limiting member 22, and reduces the The weight of the stopper 22 .
  • the recessed portion 224 and the rib in the embodiment of the present invention can also be understood as being provided on the base 227 of the limiting member 22 .
  • the limiting surface 222 is a plane, and the end face of the end of the casing 21 corresponding to the limiting surface 222 (ie, the mounting surface 2114 ) is also a plane, so that during use, the limiting The force on the position member 22 and the housing 21 is relatively uniform throughout, thereby improving the service life.
  • the limiting surface 222 has a plurality of accommodating grooves 214;
  • the friction coefficient between the fixing bases 3 facilitates the installation of the battery pack 100 in the battery pack fixing base 3 and reduces the wear of the positioning assembly and the battery pack fixing base 3 .
  • the lowest point at the opening of the accommodating groove 214 is higher than the lowest point at the bottom of the accommodating groove 214, thereby effectively retaining the lubricating oil.
  • the side wall of the accommodating groove 214 on the limiting surface 222 may be a cylindrical surface, or may be a curved surface whose inner diameter gradually decreases from the outer end to the end, so as to better retain the lubricating oil.
  • some or all of the accommodating grooves 214 are circular, and in this embodiment or other embodiments, the accommodating grooves 214 may also be waist-shaped grooves.
  • the casing 21 includes an inner casing 215 and an outer casing 216 .
  • the inner shell 215 is detachably connected to the side mounting surface 11 , and has an inner cavity 217 with one end open, and the opening of the inner cavity 217 faces the outer shell 216 .
  • the outer shell 216 itself also encloses a cavity, which is used to accommodate the inner shell 215 .
  • the outer shell 216 is detachably connected to the inner shell 215 and covers the opening of the inner cavity 217 .
  • the inner shell 215 is used for fixed installation with the side mounting surface 11 , and the above-mentioned limiting hole 212 is provided on the outer shell 216 .
  • the outer shell 216 and the inner shell 215 are clamped and fixed, which has high assembly efficiency.
  • the outer shell 216 and inner shell 215 can be snapped together on one or more sides of the housing 21 .
  • the outer shell 216 and the inner shell 215 are preferably fastened on a set of opposing sides of the housing 21 .
  • the side wall of the outer shell 216 has a clamping hole 219, and the outer wall of the inner shell 215 is provided with a clamping block 2110.
  • the clamping block 2110 is a structure protruding from the side wall of the inner shell 215 .
  • the snap hole 219 is a through hole or a blind hole 229 .
  • the clamping block 2110 has a guide surface 2111, a transition surface 2112 and a clamping surface 2113 connected in sequence.
  • One end of the guiding surface 2111 is connected to the side wall of the inner shell 215, the transition surface 2112 is parallel to the side wall of the inner shell 215, and the clamping surface 2113 is perpendicular to and connected to the side wall of the inner shell 215; in the process of installing the outer shell 216 and the inner shell 215, the guide surface 2111 is in contact with the outer shell 216 and guides it, which is conducive to the stable assembly of the two, and the transition surface 2112 and the outer shell are 216 contact, which is beneficial to reduce the stress of the clamping block 2110 on the casing 216 and achieve stable assembly. After the clamping block 2110 is inserted into the clamping hole 219, the clamping surface 2113 and the inner wall of the clamping hole 219 are mutually limited.
  • the clamping of the inner shell 215 and the outer shell 216 is achieved.
  • the clamping holes 219 and the clamping blocks 2110 are in one-to-one correspondence, and one or two sets of the clamping holes 219 and the clamping blocks 2110 may be provided on opposite sides of the casing 21 to improve the reliability of the casing 21 .
  • the casing 21 has a long side and a short side, and the snap hole 219 or the snap block 2110 is located on the side plate corresponding to the short side of the housing 216 .
  • the difference from the previous embodiment is that the clamping block 2110 is disposed on the inner wall surface of the outer casing 216 , and the clamping hole 219 is disposed on the inner wall of the inner casing 215 .
  • the structure of the clamping block 2110 and the relationship between the clamping block 2110 and the clamping hole 219 refer to the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
  • the side surface of the outer shell 216 and the side surface of the inner shell 215 are correspondingly provided with drainage holes 218 communicating with the accommodating cavity 211 and the outside, so as to avoid water accumulation in the accommodating cavity 211 .
  • Drain holes 218 may be provided on the side surfaces of the outer case 216 and the inner case 215 at the lower ends.
  • the housing 216 has a mounting surface 2114 , and the mounting surface 2114 is provided with the above-mentioned limiting hole 212 .
  • the mounting surface 2114 is a plane, and the corresponding area of the side positioning surface 31 is also a plane, and the force of the casing 21 is relatively uniform.
  • an end surface of the end surface of the housing 21 corresponding to the limiting surface 222 is provided with an accommodating groove 214 facing the accommodating cavity 211 for storing lubricating oil, so as to facilitate the The friction coefficient between the battery pack 100 and the battery pack fixing seat 3 is reduced, the battery pack 100 is easily installed in the battery pack 3 fixing seat, and the wear of the positioning assembly and the battery pack fixing seat 3 is reduced.
  • the accommodating groove 214 is arranged around the limiting hole 212 so that the surface of the housing 21 is lubricated as much as possible.
  • the side wall of the accommodating groove 214 on the housing 216 can be a smoothly transitioned curved surface, and the side surface of the accommodating groove 214 can be selected as a trumpet-shaped structure to improve the lubricating effect and oil storage effect; in addition, the shape of the accommodating groove 214 on the mounting surface 2114
  • the shape of the accommodating groove 214 on the limiting surface 222 can also be the same.
  • the limiting member 22 is provided with a leaving groove for making space for the accommodating groove 214 on the housing 216 , and the leaving groove can be arranged at the corner of the base 227 .
  • the depth of the accommodating groove 214 can be appropriately deepened by arranging the abdication groove, so as to improve the oil storage effect, and also make the overall structure of the positioning assembly 2 more compact and compact.
  • the accommodating groove 214 is provided on the mounting surface 2114 , and in other embodiments, the accommodating groove 214 may be provided on both the mounting surface 2114 and the limiting surface 222 , or only on the limiting surface 222 An accommodating groove 214 is provided on it.
  • the end surface of the end surface of the housing 21 corresponding to the limiting surface 222 has a housing mounting surface 2115 .
  • the housing mounting surface 2115 is disposed on the mounting surface 2114 .
  • the housing mounting surface 2115 is used for abutting and abutting with the side positioning surface 31, so that the two are connected stably.
  • the accommodating groove 214 on the housing 216 can be set on the housing mounting surface 2115 .
  • the mounting surface 2114 has a housing groove 2116 recessed toward the accommodating cavity 211 at a position avoiding the housing mounting surface 2115 .
  • the casing groove 2116 can also be understood as being disposed between two adjacent casing mounting surfaces 2115 , or being disposed between two adjacent accommodating grooves 214 .
  • the rigidity of the casing 216 is improved by providing the casing groove 2116, and the shape is improved.
  • the four housing mounting surfaces 2115 are disposed near the corners of the limiting holes 212, and there is a housing groove 2116 between two adjacent housing mounting surfaces 2115, and two sides of the housing recess 2116 extend respectively to the limit hole 212 and the edge of the housing 216 .
  • the housing 216 has a housing guide surface 2117 , and the housing guide surface 2117 gradually extends from the end of the housing 21 toward the limiting surface 222 , which can also be understood as: the housing
  • the guide surface 2117 gradually extends from the end of the housing 21 toward the mounting surface 2114 and gradually moves away from the side mounting surface 11 .
  • the side positioning surface 31 and the casing guide surface 2117 are in contact with each other and press each other.
  • the casing guide surface 2117 is used to guide the casing 216 to the position corresponding to the side positioning surface 31, and Guide the limit guide surface 226 to the side positioning surface 31 .
  • the inclination angle of the housing guide surface 2117 relative to the limiting surface 222 is less than 45°, so as to improve the smooth installation of the battery pack 100 and the battery holder 3.
  • the end of the housing 216 away from the limiting surface 222 has a gap 2118 , and each gap 2118 is distributed at any one or more of the four corners of the housing 216 ;
  • the notches 2118 are provided at the corners of the outer shell 216 to improve the rigidity of the outer shell 216, and can prevent stamping stacking and cracking during the forming process.
  • the four sides of the guide surface 2117 of the housing are respectively connected to the three side surfaces of the housing 216 and the mounting surface 2114 of the housing 216 .
  • the housing 216 has a first main board 2119 and a first enclosure plate 2120 , and the first enclosure plate 2120 is surrounded by four sides.
  • One end of the first enclosure plate 2120 is fixed to the periphery of the first main plate 2119, so that the two enclose a square structure as a whole.
  • a relatively small arc-shaped or planar transition surface 2112 is provided at the connection between one side of the first enclosure plate 2120 and the first main board 2119, so that the side positioning surface can be connected with the side positioning surface during the process of installing the battery pack 100 and the battery holder 3. 31 produces mutual guidance to avoid stuck situations.
  • the mounting surface 2114 , the limiting hole 212 , and the housing mounting surface 2115 are arranged on the first main board 2119 , and the notch 2118 is located on the first enclosure plate 2120 away from the first main board 2119 on one end.
  • the middle portion of the inner shell 215 has the above-mentioned limiting protrusion 213 recessed toward the inner cavity 217, and the elastic mechanism 23 is inserted or sleeved on the limiting protrusion 213; further, the limiting protrusion
  • the bulge 213 can be in the shape of a convex hull or an annular shape; the elastic mechanism 23 can be accurately positioned and stably guided by setting the limiting protrusion 213 .
  • the inner shell 215 has a plurality of threaded posts 2121 protruding toward the inner cavity 217.
  • the center of the threaded posts 2121 is a through hole with internal threads.
  • the threaded post 2121 is penetrated from one side of the main body 1 of the battery pack and is threadedly connected with it.
  • the threaded post 2121 is integrally formed with other parts of the inner shell 215 .
  • the connection between the positioning assembly 2 and the battery pack main body 1 is realized by arranging the threaded post 2121 on the side of the inner casing 215 facing the inner cavity 217 , so that the surface of the inner casing 215 can directly fit the side mounting surface 11 , thereby improving the connection between the positioning assembly 2 and the battery pack.
  • the stability and reliability of the connection of the package body 1 also improves the compactness of the structure of the positioning assembly 2 .
  • the surface of the inner shell 215 has a plurality of inner shell mounting surfaces 2122 for detachable connection with the side mounting surface 11; the threaded posts 2121 are disposed on the inner shell mounting surface 2122.
  • the mounting surface 2122 of the inner case is abutted with the side mounting surface 11 , so that the positioning assembly 2 and the battery pack main body 1 are stably connected.
  • the inner shell 215 is provided with an inner shell groove 2123 recessed toward the inner cavity 217 in the area avoiding the inner shell mounting surface 2122 .
  • the inner casing groove 2123 may be cross-shaped, and the four corners of the inner casing groove 2123 each correspond to an inner casing mounting surface 2122 , and the limiting protrusions 213 Located in the center of the intersection.
  • the end of the inner shell 215 close to the limiting surface 222 has notches 2118 , and the notches 2118 are distributed at the corners of the inner shell 215 , and any one or any multiple corners of the inner shell 215 Notches 2118 can be provided anywhere.
  • the notch 2118 at the upper end of the inner shell 215 is used to make room for the outer shell guide surface 2117, and accordingly, the thickness of the outer shell 216 at the outer shell guide surface 2117 is gradually reduced.
  • the inner shell 215 has a second main plate 2124 and a second enclosure plate 2125 .
  • the peripheries of the second enclosure plate 2125 are enclosed.
  • the first end of the second enclosure plate 2125 is fixed at the edge of the second main plate 2124, so that the two enclose the inner cavity 217 described above.
  • a single positioning component 2 may focus on different functions, for example, some positioning components 2 may focus on guiding function, and some positioning components 2 may focus on limiting function.
  • the structure of the positioning components 2 with different functions of emphasis may be slightly different.
  • the positioning components 2 focusing on the guiding function and focusing on the limiting function are defined.
  • a guide limiting device 2126 for the battery pack is defined, and another limiting device for the battery pack 100 is defined.
  • the upper end of the guide limiting device 2126 for the battery pack is higher than the side mounting surface 11, and its height above the side mounting surface 11 is greater than the projected length of the casing guide surface 2117 on the casing 21, and the upper end of the casing guide surface 2117 is higher than the side mounting surface face 11.
  • 11 and any of the drawings in FIGS. 16-21 are in the embodiment where the height above the side mounting surface 11 is more than 15 mm, so as to improve the guiding and positioning effect.
  • the side part of the inner shell 215 has a groove (not obvious in Figures 16-21, which can be understood with reference to Figure 11), which is used to give way to the outer casing guide surface 2117, so that the upper end of the guide limiting device 2126 for the battery pack is gradually narrowed. shape.
  • the inner shell 215 has the above-mentioned inner shell mounting surface 2122 and the inclined transition surface 2128, the inner shell mounting surface 2122 is used for connecting the side mounting surface 11, and the end of the inner shell 215 corresponding to the outer shell guide surface 2117 is recessed toward the inner cavity 217, and The inner shell mounting surface 2122 is connected by an inclined transition surface 2128 .
  • the inclined direction of the inclined transition surface 2128 is opposite to the inclined direction of the housing guide surface 2117 .
  • the inclined transition surface 2128 is provided so that the upper end of the inner shell 215 is recessed in the direction of the side positioning surface 31 , so as to make room for the relevant components on the battery pack body 1 and enhance the deformation resistance of the inner shell 215 .
  • the effects and functions of the positioning assembly 2 are different.
  • the guiding function is particularly important. Therefore, the battery pack guide limiting devices 2126 that focus on the guiding function can be provided at both ends of the battery pack body 1 to realize the battery pack. The effect of the package body 1 and the battery holder 3 being stably fixed.
  • two guide limiting devices 2126 for battery packs are fixed in the longitudinal direction of each side mounting surface 11 , and the two guiding limiting devices 2126 for battery packs are located at both ends of the side mounting surface 11 .
  • a guide limiting device 2126 for battery packs located in the middle is fixed in the length direction of the side mounting surface 11, as another alternative means, side mounting The length direction of the surface 11 is fixed with a plurality of guide limiting devices 2126 for the battery pack located in the middle; as another alternative means, the two ends and the middle of the side mounting surface 11 are arranged with positioning components 2, and all positioning components 2 are the guide limiting devices 2126 for battery packs.
  • the limiting device for the battery pack 100 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 22-25 .
  • the outer shell 216 has a first main board 2119 and a first surrounding plate 2120
  • the inner shell 215 has a second main board 2124 and a second surrounding board 2125
  • one end of the first surrounding board 2120 is fixed and enclosed.
  • the first main board 2120 is perpendicular to the first main board 2119.
  • the first main board 2119 is a flat plate or a board with a groove recessed toward the accommodating cavity 211.
  • the limiting hole 212 is located on the first main board 2119.
  • the outer casing 216 is generally square, the inner casing 215 is square overall, and the inner casing 215 and the outer casing 216 are covered to form a square casing 21, that is, the thickness around the limiting device for the battery pack 100 is relatively uniform, so that the outer casing 216 can Withstand greater strength, and thus have stronger positioning performance.
  • the upper end of the limiting device for the battery pack 100 is not higher than the side mounting surface 11 .
  • the positioning assembly 2 in the middle of the side positioning surface 31 can be set as the limiting device for the battery pack 100 , and all the positioning assemblies 2 can also be set as the limiting device for the battery pack 100 .
  • the guide stopper 2126 for the battery pack and the stopper for the battery pack 100 can be mixed.
  • both ends of the side positioning surface 31 are provided with guide limiting devices 2126 for battery packs to improve the stability of the battery pack 100 during installation, and one or more battery packs are arranged in the middle of the side positioning surface 31 A limiting device for the battery pack 100 to improve the fixing effect of the battery pack 100 and the battery holder 3 after installation.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a limiting member, and the structure of the limiting member is the same as that of the corresponding limiting member 22 in any of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the first end of the limiting member 22 provided in the embodiment of the present invention (ie the end abutting with the side positioning surface 31 ) has a limiting surface 222 , and the limiting surface 222 is provided with a accommodating groove 214 for storing the lubricating medium.
  • the structure of the accommodating groove 214 can be the same as the structure of the accommodating groove 214 in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
  • the accommodating groove 214 is used to store lubricating oil, so as to reduce the friction coefficient between the battery pack 100 and the battery pack holder 3 , facilitate the installation of the battery pack 100 in the battery pack holder 3 , and reduce the number of positioning components and the battery pack holder 3 . of wear.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery pack assembly 1000 , which directly adopts the limiting member 22 in the foregoing two embodiments to realize the guiding and limiting between the battery pack main body 1 and the battery fixing seat 3 .
  • Positioning in other words, the positioning assembly can be directly realized through the limiting member 22 .
  • the limiting member 22 is first fixed on the side mounting surface 11 of the battery pack body 1 to form the battery pack 100 , and the battery pack 100 gradually moves upward from the bottom.
  • the guide surface 226 and the side positioning surface 31 achieve the effect of mutual guidance, and the limit surface 222 and the side positioning surface 31 achieve the effect of abutting against each other.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于电池包的限位件、定位组件、电池包、电池包总成、电动汽车。电动汽车具有设置在车架上的电池包总成，电池包总成包括电池包和电池固定座。电池固定座用于将电池包安装在车架上。电池包包括电池包主体和定位组件。电池包主体具有侧安装面；电池固定座具有与侧安装面相对应的侧定位面。定位组件与所述电池包主体可拆卸连接，并位于两个所述侧安装面上。本发明中，在电池包主体的侧安装面上设置定位组件，安装过程中，定位组件与电池固定座形成导向关系，提高了电池包的平稳性，避免了卡死情况，并且保护了电池包主体，安装后，定位模块与电池固定座相互抵接，实现了电池包与电池固定座的可靠连接。

Description

用于电池包的限位件、定位组件、电池包、电池包总成、电动汽车
本申请要求申请日均为2020/12/2的中国专利申请2020114029763、中国专利申请202011408661X及中国专利申请202011407805X的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于电池包的限位件、定位组件、电池包、电池包总成、电动汽车。
背景技术
电动汽车中具有电池包，电池包内的电池主体用作电动汽车的动力源。电池包通过电池固定座安装在汽车的车架上，日常使用时两者保持固定，更换电池时需要将亏电的电池包从电池固定座上取下，然后将满电的电池包安装在电池固定座上，安装过程中，电池包的平稳性及其与车架的对位尤其重要，否则容易损伤电池包主体，安装后，电池包与电池固定座之间的可靠性也很重要。现有技术中，电池包安装时的稳定性以及安装后与电池固定座之间的可靠性有待提高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中的上述缺陷，提供一种用于电池包的限位件、定位组件、电池包、电池包总成、电动汽车。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题的：
一种定位组件，所述定位组件为用于电池包的限位装置，所述定位组件包括：
壳体，具有容纳腔和限位孔，所述限位孔位于所述壳体的安装表面上；
限位件，设于所述容纳腔中，且所述限位件的第一端伸出所述限位孔并具有限位面；
其中，所述安装表面和/或所述限位面设置有朝向所述容纳腔凹陷的用于存储润滑介质的容纳槽。
优选地，所述定位组件还包括弹性机构，所述弹性机构被所述限位件压设于所述容纳腔内，所述弹性机构向所述限位件施加使其抵靠于所述壳体的作用力，所述限位件与所述壳体之间浮动连接。
一种定位组件，所述定位组件为电池包用导向限位装置，所述定位组件包括：
壳体，具有容纳腔和限位孔；
弹性机构和限位件，所述弹性机构和所述限位件设于所述容纳腔内，且所述限位件与所述弹性机构相背离的一面具有穿过并凸出所述限位孔的凸起部，所述弹性机构被所述限位件和所述壳体压设于所述容纳腔内，所述限位件与所述壳体之间通过所述弹性机构浮动连接。
优选地，所述弹性机构包括弹片，所述弹片的两端分别抵接于所述限位件和所述壳体；其中，弹性机构具有一个所述弹片，或者弹性机构具有多个间隔分布的所述弹片；
或者，
所述弹性机构包括弹性橡胶块，所述弹性橡胶块的两端分别抵接所述限位件和所述壳体；
或者，
所述弹性机构包括弹性件，所述弹性件为螺旋弹簧、碟簧及宝塔簧中的任意一种或多种。
优选地，所述壳体内固定有用于对所述弹性机构的径向限位的限位凸起，所述弹性机构套接于或插接于所述限位凸起中；
和/或，所述限位件具有限位环，所述弹性机构套接于或插接于所述限位环中；
和/或，所述限位件具有限位凹槽，所述弹性机构卡入所述限位凹槽内。
优选地，所述限位件朝向所述弹性机构的一面具有限位匹配部，所述限位匹配部为限位凸起、限位环和限位凹槽中的一个或多个。
优选地，所述限位件的第一端具有穿过并凸出所述限位孔的凸起部，所述限位孔与所述凸起部的形状相匹配，所述凸起部的周边与所述限位孔的内壁面相抵接，所述限位面位于所述凸起部的端面上。
优选地，所述限位件的朝向所述弹性机构的一面设有多个凹陷部，所述多个凹陷部之间设有条形筋。
优选地，所述限位件朝向所述弹性机构的一面上的限位匹配部为环形筋，所述弹性机构插接于或套接于所述环形筋，所述环形筋内设置有若干盲孔。
优选地，所述盲孔的半径自所述环形筋的中心向外逐渐减小。
优选地，所述条形筋连接所述环形筋和所述凹陷部的侧壁。
优选地，所述限位孔与所述凸起部的形状相匹配，所述凸起部的周边与所述限位孔的内壁面相抵接或预留有0.5-5mm的间隙。
优选地，所述凸起部具有限位面和自所述凸起部的顶部向所述限位面倾斜的限位导 向面。
优选地，所述壳体具有外壳导向面，所述外壳导向面从壳体的顶端逐渐朝向所述壳体上具有所述限位孔的安装表面延伸，并相对于所述安装表面倾斜。
优选地，所述壳体包括：
内壳，具有内腔；
外壳，具有外壳导向面和所述限位孔，所述外壳盖合所述内壳，并与所述内壳可拆卸连接。
优选地，所述外壳具有：
第一主板，具有所述限位孔；
第一围板，其一端连接所述第一主板的周边；
和/或，所述内壳具有：
第二主板；
第二围板，其一端连接于所述第二主板的周边。
优选地，所述外壳的第一围板上设置有卡接孔，所述内壳的第二围板上设置有卡接块，所述卡接块具有顺次连接的引导面、过渡面及卡接面，所述引导面的一端连接内壳的第二围板，所述过渡面与内壳的第二围板平行，所述卡接面与内壳的第二围板垂直并连接；
或者，所述外壳的第一围板上设置有卡接块，所述内壳的第二围板上设置有卡接孔，所述卡接块卡接于所述卡接孔内。
优选地，所述外壳具有长边和短边，所述卡接孔或卡接块设于所述外壳短边上的第一围板上。
优选地，所述外壳导向面的四周分别连接外壳的三个侧面和外壳的端面；
和/或，所述限位件的伸出所述限位孔的一端具有限位面，所述外壳导向面相对于所述限位面的倾角小于45°；
和/或，所述外壳和所述内壳上均设置有连通所述容纳腔和外部的排水孔，所述排水孔位于与所述外壳导向面相对的一端；
和/或，所述定位组件还包括被所述限位件压设于所述容纳腔内的弹性机构，所述内壳的中部具有朝向所述内腔凹陷的限位凸起，用于对所述弹性机构径向限位；
和/或，所述内壳上具有若干朝向所述内腔凸起的螺纹柱，所述螺纹柱具有螺纹孔，所述螺纹孔为通孔；
和/或，所述内壳上具有若干内壳安装面，内壳上避开内壳安装面的区域设置有朝向 所述内腔凹陷的内壳凹槽；
和/或，所述内壳的与所述外壳导向面对应的一端具有朝向所述外壳凹陷的外壳凹槽；
和/或，所述内壳上具有倾斜过渡面，所述内壳的与所述外壳导向面对应的一端朝向所述内腔凹陷，并通过所述倾斜过渡面连接内壳安装面；
和/或，所述内壳的侧部切有坡口，用于对所述外壳导向面让位。
优选地，所述限位件还包括容置于所述容纳腔内的底座，所述凸起部设于所述底座上并相对于所述底座的表面凸出，所述底座的表面与所述壳体的内表面相抵接。
优选地，所述限位件的表面设置有用于为安装表面上的容纳槽让位的让位凹槽。
优选地，所述限位件的伸出所述限位孔的端面上和/或所述壳体的具有安装孔的端面上设置有容纳槽，所述容纳槽用于存储润滑介质。
优选地，所述安装表面上设有所述容纳槽，各所述容纳槽环绕所述限位孔布置；
和/或，所述限位件的伸出所述限位孔的一端具有限位面，所述限位面上设有若干所述容纳槽，各所述容纳槽间隔布置；
和/或，至少部分所述容纳槽为圆形；
和/或，所述容纳槽的侧壁围合成封闭的环形，且该环形的开口的半径大于容纳槽槽底的半径；
和/或，所述容纳槽的开口处的最低点高于容纳槽槽底处的最低点；
和/或，至少部分所述容纳槽为腰型。
一种电池包，包括电池包主体、如上任一项所述的电池包的限位装置，及如上任一项所述的电池包导向限位装置，所述电池包主体具有侧安装面，所述电池包的限位装置和所述电池包用导向限位装置分别安装于所述侧安装面上。
优选地，所述电池包用导向限位装置高出所述侧安装面的高度大于位于壳体上的外壳导向面在壳体上的投影长度。
一种电池包总成，包括电池固定座及如上任一项所述的电池包，所述壳体上与所述限位孔相对的一端与所述电池包可拆卸连接；所述电池包安装至所述电池固定座时，所述电池固定座经由位于壳体上的外壳导向面被导向至所述限位件后与所述限位件相互抵接。
一种电动汽车，包括如上所述的电池包总成。
优选地，所述电池固定座具有与所述侧安装面一一对应的侧定位面，若干所述定位组件间隔布置于所述侧安装面和所述侧定位面之间。
优选地，所述壳体的厚度为c，所述限位件在自然状态下的厚度为d，所述电池包的 侧安装面与所述电池固定座的侧定位面的间隙为e，所述电池包与所述电池固定座之间的过盈量为f，其中：c+d＝e+f；f为0.1mm-2mm之间的任意值。
优选地，各所述侧安装面的长度方向上固定有两个所述电池包用导向限位装置，且两个所述电池包用导向限位装置位于侧安装面的两端；和/或，
所述侧安装面的长度方向上固定有一个或多个所述用于电池包的限位装置，且该一个或多个用于电池包的限位装置位于侧安装面的中部。
优选地，所述限位件具有限位面和限位导向面，所述限位导向面用于将所述限位面引导至与所述侧定位面相互抵接。
优选地，所述导向限位面自所述限位件的顶部向所述限位面倾斜，所述限位导向面与所述限位面形成的倾角不超过45°。
优选地，所述定位组件包括弹性机构，所述限位件包括凸起部和容置于所述容纳腔内的底座，所述凸起部相对于所述底座凸出，并位于所述底座的中部，在所述限位件自然状态下，所述底座在所述弹性机构的作用下与所述壳体抵接。
优选地，所述壳体上具有若干朝向所述容纳腔凸起的螺纹柱，所述电池包通过紧固件连接所述定位组件，所述紧固件穿设所述螺纹柱并与之螺纹连接。
优选地，所述壳体包括内壳和外壳，所述外壳盖合所述内壳，并与所述内壳可拆卸连接，所述限位件的伸出所述限位孔的一端具有限位面，其中：
所述外壳上远离所述限位面的一端具有缺口，各缺口分布在外壳的转角处；和/或，所述内壳上靠近所述限位面第一端具有缺口，各缺口分布在内壳的转角处。
优选地，所述限位件上伸出所述限位孔的一端的端面包括限位面，所述限位面为平面，所述壳体上与所述限位面对应的一端的端面为平面。
优选地，所述壳体上与所述限位面对应的一端的端面上具有外壳安装面，并在避开所述外壳安装面的位置具有朝向所述容纳腔凹陷的外壳凹槽，所述外壳安装面用于与所述侧定位面相互抵接。
一种用于电池包的限位件，所述限位件的第一端具有限位面，所述限位面设置有用于存储润滑介质的容纳槽。
优选地，所述容纳槽的开口处的最低点高于容纳槽槽底处的最低点。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明的积极进步效果至少包括：
第一，定位组件中，通过在壳体内设置弹性机构，实现壳体与弹性件之间的浮动连 接，既能够保证电池包和电池固定座平稳安装、避免卡死，又降低了安装过程中对电池包进行对位的要求，从而有利于提升安装效率。
第二，定位组件中，安装面和/或限位面上设置有容纳槽，容纳槽用于存储润滑介质，电池包安装在电池固定座上之后，限位装置和电池固定座之间通过润滑介质自动润滑，从而能够长期保持良好的使用状态，避免了限位装置和电池固定座生锈以及两者因生锈而固定在一起，使得电池包不易拆装的现象。
第三，在电池包主体的侧安装面上设置定位组件，安装过程中，定位组件与电池固定座形成导向关系，提高了电池包的平稳性，避免了卡死情况，并且保护了电池包主体，安装后，定位组件与电池固定座相互抵接，实现了电池包与电池固定座的可靠连接。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例的电池包总成的局部结构示意图；
图2为本发明一实施例的电池包总成的安装状态的局部结构示意图；
图3为本发明一实施例的电池包的结构示意图；
图4为本发明一实施例的电池包的结构示意图
图5为本发明一实施例的定位组件的结构示意图；
图6为本发明一实施例的定位组件剖视图；
图7为本发明定位组件安装前后的状态对比图，其中，左侧为安装前的图，右侧为安装后的图；
图8为本发明一实施例的限位件的结构示意图；
图9为本发明一实施例的限位件的结构示意图；
图10为本发明一实施例的限位件的结构示意图；
图11为本发明一实施例的定位组件分解图；
图12为本发明一实施例的外壳的结构示意图；
图13为本发明一实施例的外壳的结构示意图；
图14为本发明一实施例的外壳的结构示意图；
图15为本发明一实施例的外壳的结构示意图；
图16为本发明一实施例的电池包用导向限位装置的分解图；
图17为图16所示电池包用导向限位装置的另一分解图；
图18为本发明一实施例的电池包用导向限位装置的分解图；
图19为图18所示电池包用导向限位装置的另一分解图；
图20为本发明一实施例的电池包用导向限位装置的分解图；
图21为图20所示电池包用导向限位装置的另一分解图；
图22为本发明一实施例的用于电池包的限位装置分解图；
图23为图22所示用于电池包的限位装置的另一分解图；
图24为本发明一实施例的用于电池包的限位装置的分解图；
图25为图24所示用于电池包的限位装置的另一分解图。
附图标记说明：
电池包总成1000，电池包100，电池包主体1，侧安装面11，定位组件2，壳体21，容纳腔211，限位孔212，限位凸起213，容纳槽214，内壳215，外壳216，内腔217，排水孔218，卡接孔219，卡接块2110，引导面2111，过渡面2112，卡接面2113，安装表面2114，外壳安装面2115，外壳凹槽2116，外壳导向面2117，缺口2118，第一主板2119，第一围板2120，螺纹柱2121，内壳安装面2122，内壳凹槽2123，第二主板2124，第二围板2125，电池包用导向限位装置2126，用于电池包的限位装置2127，倾斜过渡面2128，限位件22，凸起部221，限位面222，限位环223，凹陷部224，条形筋225，限位导向面226，底座227，环形筋228，盲孔229，弹性机构23，弹性件231，电池固定座3，侧定位面31。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在下述的实施例范围之中。
本发明实施例提供一种电动汽车，其具有设置在车架上的电池包总成1000。
请参阅图1-2进行理解。本发明实施例提供一种电池包总成1000，应用在上述实施例所涉及的电动汽车上。
电池包总成1000包括电池包100和电池固定座3。电池固定座3用于将电池包100安装在车架上，电池固定座3的中部具有放置电池包100的空间。电池包100包括电池包主体1和定位模块。电池包主体1具有侧安装面11，电池包主体1的前、后、左、右侧面中任意一个均可为侧安装面11；电池固定座3具有与侧安装面11相对应的侧定位面31。定位模块与电池包主体1可拆卸连接，并位于两个侧安装面11上。将电池包100安装于电池固定座3上时，使电池包100从下向上运动，定位模块与电池固定座3逐渐接触，两者相互导向直至完成定位。
本发明实施例中可将定位模块设置在两个相对设置的侧安装面11上，电池固定座3 具有两个与侧安装面11一一对应的侧定位面31，两个侧定位面31位于侧安装面11的外侧，从而便于电池包100安装到电池固定座3的过程中保持平稳。
将电池包主体1安装于电池固定座3的过程中，定位模块先固定在侧安装面11上，定位模块与侧定位面31形成导向关系，定位模块与侧定位面31逐渐贴合并相对滑动，直至从图2所示状态到达图1所示状态后，电池包主体1固定在电池固定座3，此时，定位模块与侧定位面31相互抵接，从而将电池包主体1稳定地定位在电池固定座3上。
如图3和图4所示，本发明实施例中，在电池包100中，定位模块包括若干间隔布置于侧安装面11的定位组件2，以便于提高电池包100和电池固定座3的定位效果，提升两者的稳定性，避免电动汽车行驶过程中，由于电池包100与电池固定座3之间的间隙导致电池包100左右晃动，影响电池包100安装的稳定性和安全性。
本发明实施例还提供一种定位组件2，应用于上述的电池包100中，以下结合定位组件2及其在电池包100及电池包总成1000中的应用进行阐述。
如图5-6所示，本发明实施例中，定位组件2包括壳体21和限位件22。其中壳体21具有容纳腔211和限位孔212，限位件22设置在容纳腔211内，限位件22的一端伸出限位孔212。壳体21固定在侧安装面11上，限位件22伸出限位孔212的一端与侧定位面31相互挤压，另一端与壳体21直接或者间接地相互挤压，从而将电池包主体1稳定地连接在电池固定座3上。
定位组件2还包括弹性机构23，限位件22与弹性机构23相背离的一面具有穿过并凸出限位孔212的凸起部221，凸起部221具有用于与侧定位面31相抵接的限位面222，换言之，凸起部221伸出限位孔212的一端为凸起端，凸起端具有该限位面222，或者理解为凸起部的端面上具有该限位面222；弹性机构23被限位件22和壳体21压设于容纳腔211内，并具有垂直于侧定位面31或限位面222的弹性力，弹性机构23被限位件22和壳体21压设于容纳腔211内，从而在将电池包主体1固定于电池固定座3上时，壳体21和限位件22之间可通过弹性机构23进行缓冲实现浮动连接，避免硬接触。
请参阅图7进行理解。本发明实施例中，壳体21的厚度为c，限位件22在自然状态下凸出于壳体21表面的厚度为d，该处的自然状态为：限位件22尚未被夹紧在侧定位面31和侧安装面11之间时的状态。当电池包100安装于电池固定座3上时，电池包主体1的侧安装面11与电池固定座3的侧定位面31的间隙为e，电池包主体1与电池固定座3之间的过盈量为f，该处的过盈量解释为将带有定位模块的电池包主体1安装于电池固定座3之后，凸起部221的压缩量。其中：c+d＝e+f；f为0.1mm-2mm之间的任意值，通过将过盈量设置在该范围内，既能够保证电池包主体1和电池固定座3的安装定位精度， 又可以保证两者连接的可靠性。
本发明实施例中，弹性机构23包括弹片，弹片的两端分别抵接于限位件22和壳体21；其中，弹性机构23具有一个弹片，或者弹性机构23具有多个间隔分布的弹片。通过弹片实现限位件22与壳体21之间的浮动连接，进而实现电池包主体1与电池包固定座3之间的浮动连接，过盈量可以控制在较大的范围内，电池包主体1能够快速安装在电池固定座3上，弹片的弹性效果好，不易变形失效，有利于保证电池包主体1和电池固定座3连接的可靠性。
本发明实施例中，弹性机构23包括弹性橡胶块，弹性橡胶块的两端分别抵接限位件22和壳体21。通过橡胶块实现限位件22与壳体21之间的浮动连接，进而实现电池包主体1与电池包固定座3之间的浮动连接，橡胶块相对偏硬，过盈量可以控制在较小的范围内，电池包主体1和电池固定座3的连接比较稳固。
本发明实施例中，弹性机构23包括弹性件231，弹性件231为螺旋弹簧、碟簧及宝塔簧中的任意一种或多种。螺旋弹簧、碟簧及宝塔簧能够提高限位件22受力的均匀性，从而限位件22的变形比较稳定，避免了在将电池包主体1安装于电池固定座3的过程中，限位件22受力失衡而局部倾斜卡死在限位孔212中。
如图6、图8、图9所示，本发明实施例中，壳体21内固定有用于对弹性机构23的径向限位的限位凸起213，弹性机构23套接于或插接于限位凸起213中。进一步来说，弹性机构23选用上述的弹性件231，弹性件231的一端插接或者套接在限位凸起213上，限位凸起213对弹性件231进行定位和导向，避免了使用过程中弹性件231窜动导致弹性力方向变化的情况。
本发明实施例中，限位件22具有限位环223，弹性机构23套接于或插接于限位环223中。进一步来说，弹性机构23选用上述的弹性件231，弹性件231的一端插接或者套接在限位环223上，限位环223对弹性件231进行定位和导向，避免了使用过程中弹性件231窜动导致弹性力方向变化的情况。
本发明实施例中，限位件22具有限位凹槽，弹性机构23卡入限位凹槽内，限位凹槽对弹性件231进行定位和导向。
本发明实施例中，限位件22朝向弹性机构23的一面具有限位匹配部，限位匹配部用于对弹性机构23进行限位和/或定位和/或导向，以提高弹性机构23的稳定性，限位匹配部为限位凸起结构、环状限位结构或限位凹槽中的一个或多个，该处的限位凸起结构为相对于限位件22的端面向外凸出的结构，该处的环状限位结构为四周围合成环的结构。
本发明实施例中，限位件22的具有限位匹配部的一面设有多个凹陷部224，多个凹 陷部224之间设有条形筋225，通过设置凹陷部224和条形筋225，保证了限位部的刚度和强度的同时节省了材料，并且成型工艺中不易出现堆叠等缺陷。
本发明实施例中，凸起部221的第一端(即限位件的第一端)还具有相对于限位面222倾斜的限位导向面226，用于将限位面222引导至与侧定位面31相互抵接；其中，限位导向面226位于凸起部221朝向侧定位面31的端面上，限位导向面226自所述凸起部221的顶部向限位面222倾斜。将电池包主体1安装于电池固定座3上的过程中，限位导向面226用于将限位面222引导至与侧定位面31相互抵接，从而避免了电池包主体1因对位精度不准导致电池包主体1与电池包固定座3相互碰撞的情况。限位导向面226与限位面222形成的倾角不超过45°，以便于电池包主体1和电池固定座3平稳过渡实现安装。
本发明实施例中，限位件22还包括容置于容纳腔211内的底座227，凸起部221相对于底座227凸出设置，并位于底座227的中部，凸起部221的周边可与限位孔212的内壁面相抵接以获取更高的稳定性，或者预留0.5-5mm的间隙以获取一定的可调节余量，减少卡死情况。限位件22为自然状态时，底座227的表面在弹性机构23的作用下与壳体21内表面抵接，电池包100固定于安装固定座上之后，底座227被压向侧安装面11，从而与壳体21的靠近侧定位面31的内壁面保持间隙。
本发明实施例中，限位件22的靠近弹性机构23的一端具有上述的凹陷部224，限位件22还具有若干设于凹陷部224中的筋位；筋位包括环形筋228和若干上述的条形筋225，环形筋228可以同上述的限位环223或限位凹槽。环形筋228内设置有若干盲孔229，该些盲孔229的半径从环形筋228的中心向外逐渐减小，通过设置该些盲孔229降低成型工艺中的不良现象。弹性机构23插接于或套接于环形筋228位中。各条形筋225的两端分别连接环形筋228及凹陷部224的侧壁，且条形筋225环绕环形筋228布置，提高了环形筋228的强度、限位件22的强度，同时减轻了限位件22的重量。另外，本发明实施例的凹陷部224、筋位也可理解为设置在限位件22的底座227上。
如图11所示，本发明实施例中，限位面222为平面，壳体21上与限位面222对应的一端的端面(即安装表面2114)也为平面，从而在使用过程中，限位件22和壳体21各处的受力相对比较均匀，由此提高了使用寿命。
如图10所示，本发明实施例中，不同于上一实施例的是，限位面222上具有若干容纳槽214；容纳槽214用于储存润滑油，以便于降低电池包100与电池包固定座3之间的摩擦系数，便于将电池包100安装于电池包固定座内3，减少定位组件和电池包固定座3的磨损。容纳槽214的开口处的最低点高于容纳槽214槽底处的最低点，从而有效地保 存住润滑油。限位面222上的容纳槽214的侧壁可以为柱面，也可以为从外端到底端内径逐渐缩小的曲面，以便于更好地保留润滑油。本实施例中，部分或者全部容纳槽214为圆形，在本实施例或者其他的实施例中，容纳槽214还可以为腰型槽。
如图6、11所示，本发明实施例中，壳体21包括内壳215和外壳216。内壳215与侧安装面11可拆卸连接，并具有一端开口的内腔217，内腔217的开口朝向外壳216。外壳216自身也围成以腔体，该腔体用于设置内壳215。外壳216与内壳215可拆卸连接，并盖合于内腔217的开口，外壳216的四周环绕内壳215的侧面设置。内壳215用于与侧安装面11固定安装，上述的限位孔212设置在外壳216上。通过将壳体21设置成可拆卸连接的内壳215和外壳216，便于安装加工和安装。
本发明实施例中，外壳216和内壳215卡接固定，具有较高的装配效率。可在壳体21的一个或多个侧部将外壳216和内壳215进行卡接。优选在壳体21的一组相对设置的侧部上将外壳216和内壳215进行固定。
本发明实施例中，外壳216的侧壁上具有卡接孔219，内壳215的外壁上设置有卡接块2110，卡接块2110卡入卡接孔219后实现外壳216和内壳215的固定。卡接块2110为相对于内壳215的侧壁凸出设置的结构。卡接孔219为通孔或盲孔229。卡接块2110具有顺次连接的引导面2111、过渡面2112及卡接面2113，引导面2111的一端连接内壳215的侧壁，过渡面2112与内壳215的侧壁平行，卡接面2113与内壳215的侧壁垂直并连接；安装外壳216和内壳215的过程中，引导面2111与外壳216相接触并对其进行引导，有利于两者稳定地装配，过渡面2112与外壳216接触，有利于降低卡接块2110对外壳216的应力以及实现稳定装配，当卡接块2110卡接入卡接孔219内之后，卡接面2113与卡接孔219的内壁相互限位，实现内壳215和外壳216的卡紧。卡接孔219和卡接块2110一一对应，可在壳体21的相对的两侧各设置一组或者两组卡接孔219和卡接块2110，以提高壳体21的可靠性。另，壳体21具有长边和短边，卡接孔219或卡接块2110位于外壳216的短边对应的侧板上。
本发明实施例中，与前一实施例的不同之处在于，卡接块2110设置在外壳216的内壁面，卡接孔219设置在内壳215的内壁上。而卡接块2110的构造以及卡接块2110与卡接孔219的关系参照前述实施例，该处不再赘述。
本发明实施例中，外壳216的侧面和内壳215的侧面上对应设置有连通容纳腔211和外部的排水孔218，从而避免容纳腔211内产生积水。排水孔218可设置在外壳216和内壳215的位于下端的侧面上。
请参阅图11-15理解。本发明实施例中，外壳216具有安装表面2114，安装表面2114 上设置有上述的限位孔212。
图11、12所示实施例中，安装表面2114为平面，相应的侧定位面31与之对应的区域也为平面，壳体21的受力比较均匀。
如图13-15所示，所述壳体21上与所述限位面222对应的一端的端面即安装表面2114上设置有朝向容纳腔211的容纳槽214，用于储存润滑油，以便于降低电池包100与电池包固定座3之间的摩擦系数，便于将电池包100安装于电池包3固定座内，减少定位组件和电池包固定座3的磨损。容纳槽214环绕限位孔212布置，以使得壳体21的表面尽可能都被润滑到。外壳216上的容纳槽214的侧壁可为平滑过渡的曲面，容纳槽214的侧面可选用喇叭状的结构，以提升润滑效果和储油效果；另外，安装表面2114上的容纳槽214的形状也可同限位面222上的容纳槽214的形状。限位件22上具有为外壳216上的容纳槽214进行让位的让位凹槽，让位凹槽可设置在底座227的转角处。通过设置让位凹槽可将容纳槽214的深度适当加深，以提升储油效果，也使得定位组件2的整体结构更加紧凑小巧。需要说明的是，该些实施例中在安装表面2114上设有容纳槽214，其他实施例中，可以在安装表面2114和限位面222上均设置容纳槽214，或者仅在限位面222上设置容纳槽214。
如图13-15所示，本发明实施例中，壳体21上与限位面222对应的一端的端面上具有外壳安装面2115，具体来说外壳安装面2115设置在安装表面2114上。外壳安装面2115用于与侧定位面31相互贴合并抵接，以使得两者稳定连接。外壳216上的容纳槽214即可设置在外壳安装面2115上。安装表面2114在避开外壳安装面2115的位置具有朝向容纳腔211凹陷的外壳凹槽2116。外壳凹槽2116也可理解为设置在相邻的两个外壳安装面2115之间，或者理解为设置在相邻的两个容纳槽214之间。通过设置外壳凹槽2116提高了外壳216的刚度，并提升了造型。
在一个实施例中，四个外壳安装面2115设置在靠近限位孔212的转角处，相邻两个外壳安装面2115之间具有一个外壳凹槽2116，该外壳凹槽2116的两侧分别延伸至限位孔212和外壳216的边缘处。
如图11、13、14所示，本发明实施例中，外壳216上具有外壳导向面2117，外壳导向面2117从壳体21的端部逐渐朝向限位面222延伸，也可理解为：外壳导向面2117从壳体21的端部逐渐朝向安装表面2114延伸，并逐渐远离侧安装面11。将电池包主体1安装于电池固定座3时，侧定位面31和外壳导向面2117接触并相互挤压，外壳导向面2117用于将外壳216引导至与侧定位面31相对应的位置，并将限位导向面226引导至侧定位面31上。外壳导向面2117相对于限位面222的倾角小于45°，以便于提高电池 包100和电池固定座3平稳安装。
如图14-15所示，本发明实施例中，外壳216上远离限位面222的一端具有缺口2118，各缺口2118分布在外壳216的四个转角处中的任意一个或多个；通过在外壳216的转角处设置缺口2118提高了外壳216的刚度，并且能够在成型工艺中防止冲压叠料和开裂。
如图11、13、14所示，本发明实施例中，外壳导向面2117的四周分别连接外壳216的三个侧面和外壳216的安装表面2114。
如图12、15所示，本发明实施例中，外壳216具有第一主板2119和第一围板2120，第一围板2120的四周相围合。第一围板2120的一端与第一主板2119的四周相固定，从而两者围合成一个整体上为方形的结构。第一围板2120的一侧与第一主板2119的连接处设置一个比较小的弧形或者平面状的过渡面2112，从而可以在安装电池包100和电池固定座3的过程中与侧定位面31产生相互导向，避免卡死的情况。另外，图12所在实施例和图15所在实施例中，安装表面2114、限位孔212、外壳安装面2115设置在第一主板2119上，缺口2118位于第一围板2120的远离第一主板2119的一端上。
请参阅图16-25进行理解。本发明实施例中，内壳215的中部具有朝向内腔217凹陷的上述的限位凸起213，弹性机构23插接于或套接于限位凸起213上；进一步而言，限位凸起213可以是凸包状，也可以是环状；通过设置限位凸起213对弹性机构23精确定位、稳定导向。
本发明实施例中，内壳215上具有若干朝向内腔217凸起的螺纹柱2121，螺纹柱2121中心为具有内螺纹的通孔，电池包主体1通过紧固件连接定位组件2，紧固件从电池包主体1的一侧穿设螺纹柱2121并与之螺纹连接。螺纹柱2121与内壳215的其他部分一体成型。通过在内壳215的朝向内腔217侧设置螺纹柱2121实现定位组件2与电池包主体1的连接，使得内壳215的表面可以直接贴合侧安装面11，从而提高了定位组件2与电池包主体1连接的稳定性和可靠性，同时也提高了定位组件2结构的紧凑性。
本发明实施例中，内壳215的表面具有若干内壳安装面2122，用于与侧安装面11可拆卸连接；螺纹柱2121即设置在内壳安装面2122上。内壳安装面2122与侧安装面11相贴合，从而使得定位组件2和电池包主体1稳定连接。内壳215上避开内壳安装面2122的区域设置有朝向内腔217凹陷的内壳凹槽2123，通过设置内壳凹槽2123提高内壳215的刚度及提升内壳215的造型。图16-25中任一附图所对应的实施例中，内壳凹槽2123可以为十字交叉状，内壳凹槽2123的四个角落各对应一个内壳安装面2122，限位凸起213位于交叉的中心。
如图22-23所示实施例中，内壳215上靠近限位面222的一端具有缺口2118，各缺 口2118分布在内壳215的转角处，内壳215的任一个或任一多个转角处均可设置缺口2118。位于内壳215上端的缺口2118用于为外壳导向面2117进行让位，相应地，外壳216在外壳导向面2117处的厚度为逐渐减小的。通过在内壳215的转角处设置缺口2118还能够在成型工艺中防止冲压叠料和开裂。
如图23-25所示实施例中，内壳215具有第二主板2124和第二围板2125。第二围板2125的四周相围合。第二围板2125第一端固定于第二主板2124的边缘处，从而两者围合成上述的内腔217。
单个定位组件2可侧重于不同的功能，比如一些定位组件2侧重于导向功能，还一些定位组件2可侧重于限位功能。侧重的功能不同的定位组件2的结构可略具差别，在前述的基础上，以下对侧重导向功能和侧重限位功能的定位组件2分别阐述，为便于区分，界定侧重导向功能的定位组件2为电池包用导向限位装置2126，界定另一种为用于电池包100的限位装置。
以下结合图11及图16-21先对电池包用导向限位装置2126进行阐述。
电池包用导向限位装置2126的上端高于侧安装面11，其高出侧安装面11的高度大于外壳导向面2117在壳体21上的投影长度，外壳导向面2117的上端高于侧安装面11。图11、图16-21中任一附图所在实施例中其高出侧安装面11的高度为15mm以上，以便于提高导向和定位效果。内壳215的侧部具有坡口(图16-21不明显，可参照图11理解)，用于对外壳导向面2117进行让位，从而电池包用导向限位装置2126的上端为逐渐收窄的形状。
内壳215上具有上述的内壳安装面2122和倾斜过渡面2128，内壳安装面2122用于连接侧安装面11，内壳215的与外壳导向面2117对应的一端朝向内腔217凹陷，并通过倾斜过渡面2128连接内壳安装面2122。倾斜过渡面2128的倾斜方向与外壳导向面2117的倾斜方向相反。通过设置倾斜过渡面2128使得内壳215的上端向侧定位面31所在方向凹陷，从而可以为电池包主体1上的相关构件进行让位，以及增强内壳215的抗变形能力。
定位组件2与电池包主体1的相对位置关系不同，则其所起到的效果和功能有一定差距。将电池包主体1安装于电池固定座3的初始阶段，导向功能尤其重要，因此，可通过在电池包主体1的两端分别设置侧重于导向功能的电池包用导向限位装置2126，实现电池包主体1与电池固定座3平稳固定的效果。
如图3所示实施例中，各侧安装面11的长度方向上固定有两个电池包用导向限位装置2126，且两个电池包用导向限位装置2126位于侧安装面11的两端；而在其他实施例 中，作为一种可替换的手段，侧安装面11的长度方向上固定有一个位于中部的电池包用导向限位装置2126，作为另一种可替换的手段，侧安装面11的长度方向上固定有多个位于中部的电池包用导向限位装置2126；作为再一种可替换手段，侧安装面11的两端和中部均布置有定位组件2，且所有定位组件2均为电池包用导向限位装置2126。
以下结合图22-25对用于电池包100的限位装置进行阐述。
用于电池包100的限位装置中：外壳216具有第一主板2119和第一围板2120，内壳215具有第二主板2124和第二围板2125，第一围板2120的一端固定并围合在第一主板2119的边缘，第一围板2120垂直于第一主板2119，第一主板2119为平板或具有朝向容纳腔211凹陷的槽的板，限位孔212位于第一主板2119上。外壳216整体上为方形，内壳215整体上为方形，内壳215和外壳216盖合形成方形的壳体21，即用于电池包100的限位装置四周的厚度比较均匀，从而外壳216能够承受较大的强度，进而具备更强的定位性能。
应用时，用于电池包100的限位装置的上端不高于侧安装面11。可将侧定位面31中部的定位组件2设置为用于电池包100的限位装置，也可将所有定位组件2都设置为用于电池包100的限位装置。
电池包用导向限位装置2126和用于电池包100的限位装置可混合使用。如图3所示的实施例中，侧定位面31的两端设置有电池包用导向限位装置2126，以提升安装过程中电池包100的平稳性，侧定位面31的中部设置一个或多个用于电池包100的限位装置，以提升安装后的电池包100与电池固定座3的固定效果。
本发明实施例还提供了一种限位件，该限位件的结构同上述任一实施例中对应的限位件22。
本发明实施例提供的限位件22的第一端(即与侧定位面31相抵接的一端)具有限位面222，限位面222上设置有用于存储润滑介质的容纳槽214。容纳槽214的结构可同上述任一实施例中容纳槽214的结构，该处不再赘述。容纳槽214用于储存润滑油，以便于降低电池包100与电池包固定座3之间的摩擦系数，便于将电池包100安装于电池包固定座3内，减少定位组件和电池包固定座3的磨损。
本发明实施例还提供了一种电池包总成1000，该电池包总成1000直接采用前述两种实施例中的限位件22实现电池包主体1和电池固定座3之间的导向和限位，换言之，定位组件可以直接通过限位件22实现。装配时，限位件22先固定在电池包主体1的侧安装面11上形成电池包100，电池包100从下方逐渐向上运动，该过程中限位件22逐渐与侧定位面相接触，限位导向面226与侧定位面31实现相互引导的效果，限位面222和 侧定位面31实现相互抵接的效果。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (39)

  1. 一种定位组件，其特征在于，所述定位组件为用于电池包的限位装置，所述定位组件包括：
    壳体，具有容纳腔和限位孔，所述限位孔位于所述壳体的安装表面上；
    限位件，设于所述容纳腔中，且所述限位件的第一端伸出所述限位孔并具有限位面；
    其中，所述安装表面和/或所述限位面设置有朝向所述容纳腔凹陷的用于存储润滑介质的容纳槽。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述定位组件还包括弹性机构，所述弹性机构被所述限位件压设于所述容纳腔内，所述弹性机构向所述限位件施加使其抵靠于所述壳体的作用力，所述限位件与所述壳体之间浮动连接。
  3. 一种定位组件，其特征在于，所述定位组件为电池包用导向限位装置，所述定位组件包括：
    壳体，具有容纳腔和限位孔；
    弹性机构和限位件，所述弹性机构和所述限位件设于所述容纳腔内，且所述限位件与所述弹性机构相背离的一面具有穿过并凸出所述限位孔的凸起部，所述弹性机构被所述限位件和所述壳体压设于所述容纳腔内，所述限位件与所述壳体之间通过所述弹性机构浮动连接。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的定位组件，其特征在于，
    所述弹性机构包括弹片，所述弹片的两端分别抵接于所述限位件和所述壳体；其中，弹性机构具有一个所述弹片，或者弹性机构具有多个间隔分布的所述弹片；
    或者，
    所述弹性机构包括弹性橡胶块，所述弹性橡胶块的两端分别抵接所述限位件和所述壳体；
    或者，
    所述弹性机构包括弹性件，所述弹性件为螺旋弹簧、碟簧及宝塔簧中的任意一种或多种。
  5. 如权利要求2-4任一项所述的定位组件，其特征在于，
    所述壳体内固定有用于对所述弹性机构的径向限位的限位凸起，所述弹性机构套接于或插接于所述限位凸起中；
    和/或，所述限位件具有限位环，所述弹性机构套接于或插接于所述限位环中；
    和/或，所述限位件具有限位凹槽，所述弹性机构卡入所述限位凹槽内。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述限位件朝向所述弹性机构的一面具有限位匹配部，所述限位匹配部为限位凸起、限位环和限位凹槽中的一个或多个。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述限位件的第一端具有穿过并凸出所述限位孔的凸起部，所述限位孔与所述凸起部的形状相匹配，所述凸起部的周边与所述限位孔的内壁面相抵接，所述限位面位于所述凸起部的端面上。
  8. 如权利要求6或7所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述限位件的朝向所述弹性机构的一面设有多个凹陷部，所述多个凹陷部之间设有条形筋。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述限位件朝向所述弹性机构的一面上的限位匹配部为环形筋，所述弹性机构插接于或套接于所述环形筋，所述环形筋内设置有若干盲孔。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述盲孔的半径自所述环形筋的中心向外逐渐减小。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述条形筋连接所述环形筋和所述凹陷部的侧壁。
  12. 如权利要求3或7所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述限位孔与所述凸起部的形状相匹配，所述凸起部的周边与所述限位孔的内壁面相抵接或预留有0.5-5mm的间隙。
  13. 如权利要求3、7和12中任一项所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述凸起部具有限位面和自所述凸起部的顶部向所述限位面倾斜的限位导向面。
  14. 如权利要求1-13任一项所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述壳体具有外壳导向面，所述外壳导向面从壳体的顶端逐渐朝向所述壳体上具有所述限位孔的安装表面延伸，并相对于所述安装表面倾斜。
  15. 如权利要求3或14所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述壳体包括：
    内壳，具有内腔；
    外壳，具有外壳导向面和所述限位孔，所述外壳盖合所述内壳，并与所述内壳可拆卸连接。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的定位组件，其特征在于，
    所述外壳具有：
    第一主板，具有所述限位孔；
    第一围板，其一端连接所述第一主板的周边；
    和/或，所述内壳具有：
    第二主板；
    第二围板，其一端连接于所述第二主板的周边。
  17. 如权利要求15或16所述的定位组件，其特征在于，
    所述外壳的第一围板上设置有卡接孔，所述内壳的第二围板上设置有卡接块，所述卡接块具有顺次连接的引导面、过渡面及卡接面，所述引导面的一端连接内壳的第二围板，所述过渡面与内壳的第二围板平行，所述卡接面与内壳的第二围板垂直并连接；
    或者，所述外壳的第一围板上设置有卡接块，所述内壳的第二围板上设置有卡接孔，所述卡接块卡接于所述卡接孔内。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述外壳具有长边和短边，所述卡接孔或卡接块设于所述外壳短边上的第一围板上。
  19. 如权利要求15所述的定位组件，其特征在于，
    所述外壳导向面的四周分别连接外壳的三个侧面和外壳的端面；
    和/或，所述限位件的伸出所述限位孔的一端具有限位面，所述外壳导向面相对于所述限位面的倾角小于45°；
    和/或，所述外壳和所述内壳上均设置有连通所述容纳腔和外部的排水孔，所述排水孔位于与所述外壳导向面相对的一端；
    和/或，所述定位组件还包括被所述限位件压设于所述容纳腔内的弹性机构，所述内壳的中部具有朝向所述内腔凹陷的限位凸起，用于对所述弹性机构径向限位；
    和/或，所述内壳上具有若干朝向所述内腔凸起的螺纹柱，所述螺纹柱具有螺纹孔，所述螺纹孔为通孔；
    和/或，所述内壳上具有若干内壳安装面，内壳上避开内壳安装面的区域设置有朝向所述内腔凹陷的内壳凹槽；
    和/或，所述内壳的与所述外壳导向面对应的一端具有朝向所述外壳凹陷的外壳凹槽；
    和/或，所述内壳上具有倾斜过渡面，所述内壳的与所述外壳导向面对应的一端朝向所述内腔凹陷，并通过所述倾斜过渡面连接内壳安装面；
    和/或，所述内壳的侧部切有坡口，用于对所述外壳导向面让位。
  20. 如权利要求7所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述限位件还包括容置于所述容纳腔内的底座，所述凸起部设于所述底座上并相对于所述底座的表面凸出，所述底座的表面与所述壳体的内表面相抵接。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述限位件的表面设置有用于为安装表面上的容纳槽让位的让位凹槽。
  22. 如权利要求3所述的定位组件，其特征在于，所述限位件的伸出所述限位孔的端面上和/或所述壳体的具有安装孔的端面上设置有容纳槽，所述容纳槽用于存储润滑介质。
  23. 如权利要求1、2和22中任一项所述的定位组件，其特征在于：
    所述安装表面上设有所述容纳槽，各所述容纳槽环绕所述限位孔布置；
    和/或，所述限位件的伸出所述限位孔的一端具有限位面，所述限位面上设有若干所述容纳槽，各所述容纳槽间隔布置；
    和/或，至少部分所述容纳槽为圆形；
    和/或，所述容纳槽的侧壁围合成封闭的环形，且该环形的开口的半径大于容纳槽槽底的半径；
    和/或，所述容纳槽的开口处的最低点高于容纳槽槽底处的最低点；
    和/或，至少部分所述容纳槽为腰型。
  24. 一种电池包，其特征在于，包括电池包主体、如权利要求1、2、4、5、7-21和23中任一项所述的定位组件，及如权利要求3-6、8-19、22和23任一项所述的定位组件，所述电池包主体具有侧安装面，所述电池包的限位装置和所述电池包用导向限位装置分别安装于所述侧安装面上。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包用导向限位装置高出所述侧安装面的高度大于位于壳体上的外壳导向面在壳体上的投影长度。
  26. 一种电池包总成，其特征在于，包括电池固定座及如权利要求24或25所述的电池包，所述壳体上与所述限位孔相对的一端与所述电池包可拆卸连接；所述电池包安装至所述电池固定座时，所述电池固定座经由位于壳体上的外壳导向面被导向至所述限位件后与所述限位件相互抵接。
  27. 一种电动汽车，其特征在于，包括如权利要求26所述的电池包总成。
  28. 如权利要求27所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述电池固定座具有与所述侧安装面一一对应的侧定位面，若干所述定位组件间隔布置于所述侧安装面和所述侧定位面之间。
  29. 如权利要求27或28所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述壳体的厚度为c，所述限位件在自然状态下的厚度为d，所述电池包的侧安装面与所述电池固定座的侧定位面的间隙为e，所述电池包与所述电池固定座之间的过盈量为f，其中：c+d＝e+f；f为0.1mm-2mm之间的任意值。
  30. 如权利要求27-29任一项所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，
    各所述侧安装面的长度方向上固定有两个所述电池包用导向限位装置，且两个所述 电池包用导向限位装置位于侧安装面的两端；和/或，
    所述侧安装面的长度方向上固定有一个或多个所述用于电池包的限位装置，且该一个或多个用于电池包的限位装置位于侧安装面的中部。
  31. 如权利要求27-29任一项所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述限位件具有限位面和限位导向面，所述限位导向面用于将所述限位面引导至与所述电池固定座的侧定位面相互抵接。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述导向限位面自所述限位件的顶部向所述限位面倾斜，所述限位导向面与所述限位面形成的倾角不超过45°。
  33. 如权利要求27-32任一项所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述定位组件包括弹性机构，所述限位件包括凸起部和容置于所述容纳腔内的底座，所述凸起部相对于所述底座凸出，并位于所述底座的中部，在所述限位件自然状态下，所述底座在所述弹性机构的作用下与所述壳体抵接。
  34. 如权利要求27-33任一项所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述壳体上具有若干朝向所述容纳腔凸起的螺纹柱，所述电池包通过紧固件连接所述定位组件，所述紧固件穿设所述螺纹柱并与之螺纹连接。
  35. 如权利要求27-34任一项所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述壳体包括内壳和外壳，所述外壳盖合所述内壳，并与所述内壳可拆卸连接，所述限位件的伸出所述限位孔的一端具有限位面，其中：
    所述外壳上远离所述限位面的一端具有缺口，各缺口分布在外壳的转角处；和/或，所述内壳上靠近所述限位面第一端具有缺口，各缺口分布在内壳的转角处。
  36. 如权利要求27-35任一项所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述限位件上伸出所述限位孔的一端的端面包括限位面，所述限位面为平面，所述壳体上与所述限位面对应的一端的端面为平面。
  37. 如权利要求27-36任一项所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述壳体上与所述限位面对应的一端的端面上具有外壳安装面，并在避开所述外壳安装面的位置具有朝向所述容纳腔凹陷的外壳凹槽，所述外壳安装面用于与所述电池固定座的侧定位面相互抵接。
  38. 一种用于电池包的限位件，其特征在于，所述限位件的第一端具有限位面，所述限位面设置有用于存储润滑介质的容纳槽。
  39. 如权利要求38所述的限位件，其特征在于，所述容纳槽的开口处的最低点高于容纳槽槽底处的最低点。
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