WO2022116579A1 - 一种功率放大器校准方法 - Google Patents
一种功率放大器校准方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022116579A1 WO2022116579A1 PCT/CN2021/110231 CN2021110231W WO2022116579A1 WO 2022116579 A1 WO2022116579 A1 WO 2022116579A1 CN 2021110231 W CN2021110231 W CN 2021110231W WO 2022116579 A1 WO2022116579 A1 WO 2022116579A1
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- output voltage
- physical model
- power amplifier
- calibration method
- coefficients
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012887 quadratic function Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of power amplifiers, in particular to a power amplifier calibration method.
- the power amplifier is a key component of the wireless transmission system. Its performance directly determines the indicators of the transmitted signal, and its power consumption also accounts for the largest part of the transmission system. When the power amplifier is integrated into the CMOS process, how to achieve the required output power and linearity, or how to effectively reduce the power consumption without compromising performance, is very important.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a power amplifier calibration method with full output range coverage and high calibration accuracy. It adopts the following technical solutions:
- a power amplifier calibration method comprising:
- the physical model 1 and the physical model 2 are calibrated separately.
- the physical model one is expressed as:
- VL is the output voltage
- i code is the relationship between the number of amplifier units turned on
- V max and ⁇ are:
- Z L is the impedance of the load
- I on is the current when the amplifier unit is turned on
- Z on is the output impedance when the amplifier unit is turned on
- Z m is the impedance of the matching network.
- the calibration of the physical model 1 is realized by calibrating the coefficients V max and ⁇ .
- the coefficients Vmax and ⁇ are calculated by bringing in the following formulas:
- the power amplifier in the working mode 2, is divided into six working regions according to the working region and formula of the MOS tube in the power amplifier, and the order of output voltage from low to high is: resistance region, weak inversion region , Linear conversion area, pinch-off area, saturation area, compressed area.
- the second physical model is expressed as:
- V L a 1 V AM +a 0
- VL is the output voltage
- V AM is the supply voltage
- the second physical model is expressed as:
- VL is the output voltage
- V AM is the power supply voltage
- the second physical model is expressed as:
- V L c 1 V AM +c 0
- VL is the output voltage
- V AM is the power supply voltage
- the second physical model is expressed as:
- VL is the output voltage
- V AM is the power supply voltage
- the second physical model is expressed as:
- V L e 1 V AM +e 0
- VL is the output voltage
- V AM is the power supply voltage
- the second physical model is expressed as:
- VL is the output voltage
- V AM is the power supply voltage
- the power amplifier calibration method of the present invention utilizes the physical principle of the power amplifier, and establishes a physical model according to the difference of the output voltage.
- the first physical model is used to realize the precise control of the output voltage by controlling the number of amplifier units turned on;
- the physical model 2 is used to achieve precise control of the output voltage by controlling the power supply voltage, so that the calibration method can cover the full output range and ensure the calibration accuracy.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a power amplifier calibration method in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 2 is the architecture diagram when the output voltage is small and the power amplifier is a digital power amplifier; 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a power amplifier in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage and digital control obtained by the preferred embodiment of the present invention through actual measurement and the calibrated physical model of the present invention; Fig. 5 is the result error between actual measurement and the calibration algorithm of the present invention; 6 is a schematic diagram of a power amplifier when the output voltage is controlled by the supply voltage; FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage and the power supply voltage respectively obtained through 10 measurement results and the second calibrated physical model of the present invention.
- the calibration method proposed by the present invention is based on the physical working principle of the power amplifier to establish a model of the full output range of the power amplifier, and to perform calibration on the basis of this model, the required measurement points can be effectively reduced, and the required measurement points can also be greatly reduced during use. required storage unit.
- the linearity of the control mechanism has a direct impact on the specification of the output signal.
- the model of the present invention is continuous, high-precision, and can be used for linear compensation of power amplifiers at the same time. Since the output of the power amplifier is not linear, the input control needs to be first multiplied by the inverse function of the output power variation function. The coefficients after calibration will be stored in the storage unit. When the transmitter determines the transmit power, the predistortion compensation table generated by the corresponding inverse function formula can be selected to ensure the linearity of the output signal.
- the output voltage When the output voltage is relatively small, it is a digital power amplifier, the input is a digital control line, and different output voltages are achieved by opening different numbers of output units.
- FIG. 1 it is a power amplifier calibration method in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
- the power amplifier is a digital power amplifier, and its architecture is shown in Figure 2, where Z m is the impedance of the matching network; Z L is the impedance of the load. Optionally, Z L is 50 ohms; i_code is a digital control line that controls the output voltage.
- Z m is the impedance of the matching network
- Z L is the impedance of the load.
- Z L is 50 ohms
- i_code is a digital control line that controls the output voltage.
- Z on and Z off are the output impedance of the amplifier unit in the on and off states, respectively, Z on , Z off , Z m and Z L are constants at a specific frequency, and the equivalent output impedance Z eff formula is as follows:
- i code is the relationship between the number of amplifier units that are turned on, and Z a and Z b are as follows:
- V o I o Z off #(4)
- the voltage on the load is the output voltage VL , and the output voltage VL is:
- Equation 5 can be simplified to:
- A, B, and C are:
- equation (7) can be expressed as:
- Equation (10) is the physical model 1 established by the present invention, wherein VL is the output voltage, i code is the relationship between the number of amplifier units turned on, and the coefficients V max and ⁇ are:
- V max and ⁇ After calibration, the values of V max and ⁇ can be obtained, i code can use the following inverse function formula to generate a predistortion table to ensure the correctness and sufficient linearity of the final output voltage.
- V max and ⁇ need to be calibrated, and two operating point states (i code1 , V L1 ) and (i code2 , V L2 ) need to be measured on the production line, and then V max can be obtained through the following algorithm and a.
- V max 1310.6145
- FIG. 5 shows the result error between the actual measurement and the calibration algorithm of the present invention. It can be seen that the error is very small, which verifies the accuracy of the physical model 1 and its calibration method.
- FIG. 6 it is a schematic diagram of a power amplifier.
- M0 and M1 are two NMOS transistors connected in series
- V AM is the power supply voltage of the power amplifier, which is the voltage at the V_AM point in the figure
- V PM is the gate voltage of the V_PM point M0 in the figure
- I D1 and I D0 respectively are the drain currents of M0 and M1
- V DS1 and V DS0 are the drain voltages of M0 and M1, respectively, namely:
- V AM V DS1 +V DS0
- the gate and drain stages of M1 are connected together through an equivalent resistance and an inductance. It can be assumed that the gate and drain stages of M1 have the same voltage, namely:
- V G1 V D1
- V DS1 ⁇ V DS1-off its drain current can be expressed by the following formula, V DS is the drain voltage, V GS is the gate voltage, and V TH is the threshold voltage:
- V DS1-off V GS1 -V TH1
- ⁇ 1 is the channel length modulation factor.
- V GS0 V PM ,
- the principle of the power amplifier is similar to that of a resistor, which can be modeled by a linear equation.
- the physical model 2 is expressed as:
- V L a 1 V AM +a 0 #(1)
- this working area is represented by a second-order function, and the physical model 2 is expressed as:
- this working area is represented by a linear function, and the physical model 2 is expressed as:
- V L c 1 V AM +c 0 #(18)
- Calibration can be performed via two measuring points (V AM4 , V L4 ) and (V AM5 , V L5 ):
- this working area is represented by a quadratic function, and the physical model 2 is expressed as:
- this working range is represented by a linear function, and the physical model 2 is expressed as:
- V L e 1 V AM +e 0 #(28)
- Calibration can be performed via two measuring points (V AM7 , V L7 ) and (V AM8 , V L8 ):
- this working area is represented by a quadratic function, and the physical model 2 is expressed as:
- the slope is:
- the quadratic function has a total of three unknowns, and requires two other measurement points: (V AM9 , V L9 ) and (V AM10 , V L10 ), which can be substituted into:
- FIG. 7 it is a graph of the relationship between the output voltage and the power supply voltage obtained through 10 measurement results and the second calibrated physical model of the present invention. It can be seen that the two are basically consistent. .
- the power amplifier calibration method of the present invention utilizes the physical principle of the power amplifier, and establishes a physical model according to the difference of the output voltage.
- the first physical model is used to realize the precise control of the output voltage by controlling the number of amplifier units turned on;
- the physical model 2 is used to achieve precise control of the output voltage by controlling the power supply voltage, so that the calibration method can cover the full output range and ensure the calibration accuracy.
- the invention only needs to measure twelve points and calculate the coefficients, and can generate the power control table and the linear predistortion compensation table in all output power ranges of the power amplifier in two working modes, and realize mass production.
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
图2是输出电压较小,功率放大器为数字功率放大器时的架构图;
图3是本发明优选实施例中功率放大器的等效电路图;
图4是本发明优选实施例通过实际量测以及本发明的校准后的物理模型一分别得到的输出电压和数字控制之间的关系图;
图5是实际量测以及本发明的校准算法两者之间的结果误差;
图6是用供电电压来控制输出电压时功率放大器的示意图;
图7是通过10个量测结果以及本发明的校准后的物理模型二分别得到的输出电压和供电电压之间的关系图。
Claims (10)
- 一种功率放大器校准方法,其特征在于,包括:根据输出电压范围的不同定义两种工作模式;在工作模式一下,保持供电电压不变,建立输出电压与打开的放大器单元数量关系的物理模型一;在工作模式二下,保持打开的放大器单元数量不变,建立输出电压与供电电压关系的物理模型二;对物理模型一和物理模型二分别进行校准。
- 如权利要求1所述的功率放大器校准方法,其特征在于,在工作模式二下,根据功率放大器内MOS管的工作区间和公式将功率放大器划分为六个工作区间,按照输出电压从低到高依次为:电阻区、弱翻转区、线性转换区、夹断区、饱和区、被压缩区。
- 如权利要求4所述的功率放大器校准方法,其特征在于,在所述线性转换区,物理模型二表示为:V L=c 1V AM+c 0其中,V L为输出电压,V AM为供电电压,校准时通过量测工作点的数据带入上述公式,得到系数c 0和c 1。
- 如权利要求4所述的功率放大器校准方法,其特征在于,在所述饱和区,物理模型二表示为:V L=e 1V AM+e 0其中,V L为输出电压,V AM为供电电压,校准时通过量测工作点的数据带入上述公式,得到系数e 0和e 1。
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CN104620509A (zh) * | 2012-03-04 | 2015-05-13 | 匡坦斯公司 | 具有延迟校准的包络跟踪功率放大器系统 |
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CN107508568A (zh) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-22 | 无锡泽太微电子有限公司 | E类射频放大器的功率补偿系统及功率补偿方法 |
CN107634725A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-26 | 深圳市远望谷信息技术股份有限公司 | 一种提升功率放大器效率的方法及装置 |
CN112636701A (zh) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-09 | 江苏科大亨芯半导体技术有限公司 | 一种功率放大器校准方法 |
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Patent Citations (6)
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CN101938258A (zh) * | 2010-08-27 | 2011-01-05 | 华为终端有限公司 | 一种控制射频功率放大器发射信号的方法和装置 |
CN104620509A (zh) * | 2012-03-04 | 2015-05-13 | 匡坦斯公司 | 具有延迟校准的包络跟踪功率放大器系统 |
CN105446409A (zh) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-03-30 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | 一种供电和调谐电源装置的校准方法 |
CN107634725A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-26 | 深圳市远望谷信息技术股份有限公司 | 一种提升功率放大器效率的方法及装置 |
CN107508568A (zh) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-22 | 无锡泽太微电子有限公司 | E类射频放大器的功率补偿系统及功率补偿方法 |
CN112636701A (zh) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-09 | 江苏科大亨芯半导体技术有限公司 | 一种功率放大器校准方法 |
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